The Missionary Review of the World — November 1938

1938

A New Survey of Neglected Arabia Samuel M. Zwemer Reality and Romance in Czechoslovakia Joseph Novotny The Universality of Christ E. Stanley Jones Problems of the Churches in Asia Akira Ebisawa Outlook for the Church in India B. L. Rallia Ram The Saintly Surgeon of India Margaret McKellar A New Children's Page Violet Wood 2S Cents a Copy $2.50 a YeaT

to Remember IPIRITUAL REVIVAL IN' FULL

N(lvember 1-3-Nationaf Stewardship The war in China has added greatly to our material burdens. It ha. greatly deepened Convention, Chicago, Ill. the spiritual life of all at the Home and also increased the number we are carinll for Your prayers and aid will now 110 further in winning souls for Christ than perha~ November 6-11-International Good- ever before. Let the appeal of hundreds who are helpless and hopeles. not be in .will Congress. San Francisco, Calif. vain. A little lloes a long way in China• November 20-Thanksgiving Sunday. HOME OJ: ONEJIPHORUJ D~ember 6-9-Biennial meeting of TAlAN, SHANTUNG, CHINA the Federal Council of Churches, . Buffalo, N. Y. This faith work is one of the largest Christian institutions in the Orient. It has been December 13-30-International Mis- consecrated for over twenty years to the rescue of the homeless.

sionary Council, Madras, India. Write today for FREE picture and story of Chinese girl shown in this ad • January 8-10, 1939 – Home Missions also receive "Helping China'. Helpless," telling how God led Rev. and Mrs: Anglin to open the Home and how He blessed the work. a thrilling story. Council, Baltimore, Md. January 23-February 18-Iowa School HOME OF ONESIPHORUS American Office for Missionaries. Iowa State College, 2811 North Racine Avenue Drawer 36 Chicago, nlinois Ames, Iowa. Personal Item. keget; Ins~itute, is convalescing after Obituary Notes a serIOUS Illness. Dr. Carver's discov- eries are known around the world. The Rev. David B. Schneder, D.D., Dr. W. Graham Scroggie, one of a missionary of the Reformed Church the Vice-Presidents of England's Na- Mrs. Prem N* at*h D*as, Vice-Presi- in the U. S. to Japan since 1887, died tional Young Life Council for some in Sendai, Japan, on October 4. Dr. years, now becomes the Free Church dent of Isabella Thoburn College in Schneder was one of the outstanding President of the Movement, to succeed Lucknow, has been chosen as sucees- missionaries and for many years was the late Carey Bonner. He will hold sor to Dr. Mary E. Shannon, Princi- president of the College of North the office jointly with Canon Rowland pal, who retires early in 1939. Mrs. Japan, retiring two years' ago. He Grant. Das is the first Indian to become head was de~orated by the Mikado with the of the first college for women in Asia. Fourth Order of the Rising Sun and *** the Third Order of Sacred Treasure. Dr. Rufus J*one*s *and Dr. Harry He was born in Bowmansville, Pa., Dr. W. A. Visser 't Hooft, of Ge- and was graduated from Franklin neva, has been elected president of the Silcock, representing Quaker Mis- and Marshall College and from Lan- World Student Christian Federation sions of the United States and Eng- caster Theological Seminary. at a meeting in Paris, attended by 120 land, have been visiting China, study- delegates from Australia, India, Java, ing the situation and gathering data, *** South Africa, Canada, United States, preparatory to sending a staff of and nearly all the European countries. workers to open headquarters in Miss Isabel K. MacDermott, ex- Shanghai for the administration of ecutive secretary of the Board of The Russian Student Movement in relief. The Quakers have proved their Trustees of Santiago College in Chile, Exile, having its headquarters in Par- efficiency in this line. died in the Post-Graduate Hospital, is, joined with the French Student New York City, August 12, following Christian Movement as hosts of the a major operation. Miss MacDermott conference. was a teacher in Santiago College Dr. Luther W*esl*ey *Smith, pastor of many years ago. *** the First Baptist Church of Syracuse, *** Rev. Saburo Imai, secretary of the N. Y., has been chosen as Executive Mrs. R. W. Porteous, of Shanghai, Board of Missions of the Japan Meth- Secretary of the American :tJaptist whose capture by communists in 1930 odist Church, is in America as a rep- Publication Society, succeeding Dr. will be remembered, died at Nanchang resentative of his church to the United Owen C. Brown, retired. May 5. Mrs. Porteous went to China Church of Canada. 44 years ago as Emma Forsberg, of Pennock, Minn. She married R. W. *** Dr. James A.*Gr*aha*m, founder and Porteous in 1908, and through their Dr. Robert Bond, president of the united efforts more than 50 outsta- Methodist Conference of Great Brit- director of the Presbyterian Mission . tions were opened in West Central ain, traveled 20,000 miles last year Hospital in Tagbilaran, Philippine Is- Kiangsi. When news was flashed without missing a single engagement. lands, has been declared an adopted around the world in March, 1930, of He attributes this in large measure to son of the Province of Bohol. The the capture of Mr. and Mrs. Porteous the prayers of the membership for declaration, printed on parchment, by communists, multitudes gathered their president. was presented to Dr. Graham in the' to pray for their deliverance. Mter presence of government authorities, being held for three months, they were *** members of Bohol Medical Society and released, having suffered untold hard- Dr. George Washington Carver, other prominent Boholanos. ships and indignities. distinguished Negro scientist of Tus- After a period of recuperation in America, they returned to China in The .Rev. J.*Le*on*Hooper, D.D., 1932 to reopen the Burrows Memorial of the Board of Foreign Missions, Bib~ School in Nanchang. Presbyterian Church, has been asked to extend his service as Acting Secre- *** tary for the portfolio which includes Japan, Korea, Siam and the Philip- Rev. Charles Phillips, of Johannes- pine Islands, for another period of burg, South Mrica, died June 6 at the three months. age of 85. He was a missionary of the London Missionary Society, and *** .later pastor of Ebenezer Congrega- tional Church in Johannesburg. Mrs. F. E. Shotwell has taken up the responsibilities of Western Super- visor of Migrant Work for the Coun- cil of Women for Home Missions. She comes to the Council with a training and experience that fits her peculiarly A practical, effective course in methods for these responsibilities, so ably car- of Chrisuan work and soul·winning. ried on by Miss Adela J. Ballard dur- ing the last ten years of her lifetime. Send 15c in stamp. for curreat iiau.. ' Mrs. Shotwell was a member of the Council staff in 1931-1932 in the Colo- PUBUCATIOMSJHG (Concluded on page 518.) Harrisburg, Pa.

MISSIONARY A missionary to West China voices The great white Empresses

REVIEW OF THE WORLD the view of many missionaries who every speed record to and from are at isolated stations and so are the Orient. 10 days direct to DBUVAN L. PmRBON, B4tto,. deprived of the rich privileges we en- Yokohama by Empress of Asia joy at home. A small living income, or Empress of Russia. Or only VOL. LXI Nov., 1938 No. 11 with heavy expenses, also makes it three days more via Hawaii by difficult for them to buy books and Empress of Japan, largest and Publication and Business 01llce– magazines and they have no public fastest on the Pacific, or Empress Third and Reily Ste., Harrisburg, Pa. libraries. The following letter sug- of Canada. Connect at Honolulu gests a field for loving service: from California ports. Editorial and Executive 01llce– From Vancouver and Victoria 156 Fifth Avenue, New York City. "We have been so delighted with to Yokohama, Kobe, Nagasaki, Entered as second-class matter at THE REVIEW . . . Please enter our Shanghai, Hong Kong, Manila. subscription so that we will not miss Details from YOUR TRAVEL Post 01llce, Harrisburg, P •., under any issue. It is a source of spiritual AGENT or Canadian Pacific.: Act of March 3, 1879. power and an inspiration to us. 41 offices in U. S. and Canada.

25 cents a copy-$2.50 a year. "R. H. THOMAS, Yunnan, China. Foreign Postage, 50 cents a year. Published monthly, except August. * * .. All rights reserved. Copyrighted 1938. British agents – Marshall, Morgan A leader in the church in America and Scott, 12 Paternoster Buildings. volunteers the following: London, E. C. 1 shilling per copy. 10 shillings a year. "There is no magazine which comes to my desk which'I read with more MISSIONARY REVIEW PUB- intense interest than the REVIEW. You LISHING CO., INC. are doing a wonderful piece of work BOARD OF DIRECTORS in editing this magazine, and keep- ing the Christian world in touch with ROBERT E. SPEER, Pre,ident the whole realm of missionary ac- A. L. WA.RNBHUIB, Vioe-Pre,ident tivity. I thought the September num- WALTER McDOUGALL, Treasurer ber especially good." DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Secretary PAUL J. BRAISTED JOHN TIMOTHY STONE, President of the Presbyterian SAMUEL MCCREA CAVERT Theological Seminary, Chi- D. J. FANT cago.

MRS. ORRIN R. JUDD *** WM. B. LIPPHARD ERIC M. NORTH We can never preach the Gospel SAMUEL M. ZWRMRR with power until we get over the caste spirit. If all Christian workers are Editorial Chat not cured of our spiritual aristocracy, God never will give us the power of The four hundred or more delegates the Holy Spirit in winning souls. to the International Missionary Coun- Peter could not go down to that housecil will soon meet in Madras, India, hold in Caesarea and preach the Gosfor two weeks' conference (December pel with power until he had learned 13 td 30). They, face a difficult situa- that any man, woman, or child in the tion at home and in many mission wide world to whom God sends His fields. The influence and pronounce- Gospel is on equality of right and ments of this conference of leaders privilege with the proudest nobles of should be far-reaching. THE REVIEW the earth. ARTHUR T. PIERSON. has asked a number of delegates to write impressions of the conference Personal Items and to secure papers from those who make the most important contributions (Concluded from second cover.) -especially native Christian leaders from each field. Among those who are rado migrant camps and during the to give our readers their views of the succeeding years as a teacher devoted situation and their reactions to the her summers to working in migrant conference discussions are: Dr. John projects in California, Oregon, and R. Mott (Chairman), Dr. Paul W. Washington. Harrison of Arabia, Dr. Frank W. Price of China, Mr. Kenneth Grubb of Dr. Mary E. *Sha*nn*on, Principal of the World Dominion Movement, Dr. H. Kerr Taylor of Nashville and Dr. Isabella Thoburn College at Lucknow, H. Kraemer of Holland. These are re- India, has been awarded the Kaiser-iquested to give us not only their own Hind medal, for conspicuous public views, but the views of Nationals service. Miss Shannon has presented from various lands. Later we will her resignation from the college, to announce the plans made to present take effect early in 1939. the most vital themes discussed at Madras before the churches in Amer- Americans are too prone to identify ica. Do not miss these reports. the Kingdom of God with democratic liberalism: There may be a place in *** the Kingdom of God for the Authori- tarian State; but there can be no N ow is the time to plan for Christ- place for the Totalitarian State.- mas. Nothing you can send to a mis- Rev. Howard Chandler Robbins, New sionary friend (at home or abroad) York. or to a pastor or other intelligent Christian friend will be of greater The Church has denied the univerinterest and value, to keep them in- sality of Christianity by its divisions formed on world conditions and the over doctrine, race and nationality. progress of Christianity, than a year's It has itself erected the barriers that subscription to THE REVIEW. (Note separate Christianity from Christ.- our special offer on the back cover of T. Z. Koo, Shanghai, China. this issue.) [ 513]

'.r:TlI

AMERICAN-ARABIAN MISSION-MASON MEMORIAL HOSPITAL, BAHRAIN NEGLECTED ARABIA-A STffEET SCENE IN HOFUF-HASA (see article by Dr. S. M. Zwemer-page 519) REVIB ORLD VOLUME LXI AN INTERDENOMINATIONAL REVIEW OF WORLD-WIDE CHRISTIAN PROGRESS NUMBER 11 NOVEMBER, 1938 Topics of the Times THE PRESENT CRISIS IN ASIA program for a representative government under About fifty years ago, a book was published an Indian parliament. Mr. Gandhi, Jawaharlal which greatly influenced the missionary thinking Nehru and other leaders cannot agree on a plan and activity of the Christian Church. It was fo~ effecti,:e cooperation. Suspicion and jealousy stir up strIfe among Moslems, Hindus Sikhs and called "The Crisis of Missions," * and was the re- Christians in the desire for a controlli'ng voice in the government. Proportionate representation in sult of a careful study of world conditions and the parliament is a great bone of contention. opportunity before the Christian Church. At that time doors long closed were opening to the mes- A year ago the political problem in China sengers of Christ in all lands. God was calling but seemed on the way to a satisfactory solution, with the Church was giving only a feeble response- Sun Yat Sen's "Principles" to guide the national not more than ten thousand missionaries to the program, and with strong unselfish Christian leadten hundred million unevangelized. One out of ership in the government. Then came the Japaevery 15,000 Protestants was a missionary and nese absorption of Manchuria and the cruel and the annual gifts for work abroad amounted to only unwarranted invasion of China by the Japanese about $10,000,000. In the next ten or fifteen war machine. Meanwhile Western nations look years the number of missionaries doubled and the supinely on, with disapproval but still supply gifts multiplied four fold. A spiritual awakening Japan with war materials for the murderous camalso came to Christians at home; prayer and mis- paign. In the midst of this agonizing strife China sionary training increased; the progress of the is more united than ever before. Gospel in many lands was rapid and transforming. Then came the World War which resulted But Japan too is passing through a political in a great slump in the spiritual life of the crisis. With the military dictatorship in control churches. Non-Christian nations became more and the fear of communism ever present; with the suspicious of outside influences and were more common people kept in ignorance of the real eager for self-determination in politics, education situation; with the theory of a "divine Emperor" and religion. But the seeds of Truth had been hanging in the balance, and with growing antagplanted; Christ had been preached and His life onism and distrust between Japan and most of the had been exemplified so that the work has con- countries of Europe and America-no one can tell what a day may bring forth. Korea has already tinued to grow. felt the evil effects of this political despotism and Today there is a new crisis in Asia. Anyone there everything is being Japanized by force.

even slightly informed can see the dangers and The social and economic crisis in Asia is also the opportunities, especially in Moslem lands, in appar~nt. India is continually fighting poverty, India, in China and in Japan. The turning of the but wIth some success under British guidance. The tide in one direction means retrogression or dis- caste system, which has been her bane, shows aster; turned Godward it means progress and signs of breaking down under the leadership of new life. The crisis in these lands is threefold- Dr. Ambedkar and through the preaching of the political, social and economic, educational and re- Gospel of Christ. Fifty years ago what is taking place today-with the opening of schools and publigious. lic wells and government positions to outcastes- The political crisis in India is due to the mlw * "The Crisis of Missions," by Arthur T, Pierson, published In would have been thought impossible.

1886, went through many editions, [ 515]

In China, the fear of communism has passed- who declares that although he was born a Hindu if Japanese aggression can be stopped. Public he will not die a Hindu.

improvements in roads and other means of com- Enough has been said to call attention to the munication; the development of natural resources present crisis in these great nations of Asia. It and trade, and the improvement in social ideals is a time of danger and of opportunity-of danger were showing great progress-and then came lest the people retrograde into confusion, depres- Japan as an instrument of destruction. But sion and opposition to Christ and His program; China's power to resist and to recuperate has been a time of opportunity when through vital union proved through the centuries. with Christ they may be brought through to true The social and economic situation in Japan and liberty and peace, to social and economic progress Korea is serious. The war is estimated to cost and to new spiritual life and power.

Japan $5,000,000 a day and the people are feeling The Way to Victory the depression more and more. They are being heavily taxed and are commanded to omit all lux- What is the way of victory? Politically it is not uries and many things considered necessities. the way of greater armies, navies and air bat- Hundreds of thousands of wage earners are being talions; it is not by accepting the supremacy of killed in China. Koreans also are suffering ac- communistic, fascist, or socialistic lead~rs; it is cutely from Japanese taxation and exploitation. not even through pacifism or a peaceful struggle The Educational and Spiritual Crisis for political control. Christ and the apostles lived in a time of political oppression and the de- The educational and spiritual crisis in Asia is pendence on armed force, but they sought peace intimately linked with the political and economic by obedience to laws that did not defy the laws situation. Materialism and atheism are strug- of God, by love that suffers long and is kind and gling against Christ and His principles of love, by preaching Christ as the Saviour and Lord of justice and freedom. all. "When the foundations are destroyed, what can the righteous do?" They can stilI be right- In Japan and Korea, Christian education is eous, trust God and stand true to Him-even unto threatened with extinction, as emperor worship death. and attendance at the Shinto shrines is being required of Christians and non-Christians alike. Socially and economically the way of victory is Japanese and Koreans were fast becoming edu- not by a new social setup or through the adoption cated in Christian truth, enlightened customs and of certain economic principles-for self-seeking ideals, but now the government is fast taking all men to disregard. In the time of Christ, social ineducation under its control and is depriving the justice was everywhere apparent, slavery and people of the religious liberty promised by the poverty prevailed and there was a great gulf beconstitution. The alternative is being offered- tween the rich and the poor. Christians met the Baal or Jehovah, Diana or Christ, God as re- crisis not by advocating 3 redistribution of wealth, vealed in the Bible or Shinto. or even the immediate liberation of slaves, but by proclaimIng the law of love, by preaching and In China, in the midst of political and economic practicing justice and by showing that God is no distress, there seems to be a spiritual awakening respector of persons. They revealed the truth that and greater religious freedom. Whereas Christian riches consist not in accumulated wealth but that teaching was excluded from the schools under re- character and contentment come from honest toil, cent laws, the loyalty of Christians and the sacri- brotherly dealings and an unselfish, wise steward- ficial service of missionaries in caring for the ship of time, talents and possessions.

wounded and destitute has now brought permis- The educational and spiritual needs were seen sion to make Christian teaching a part of school in the days of the early Church. These needs were and college curriculums. Spiritual revivals and met, not by great united campaigns or by the a new earnestness in prayer and new power in establishment of institutions, they were met by Christian testimony are reported from all over uplifting Christ and by teaching His truth to all China today. so that new desires and ambitions were awakened, India, too, is in a spiritual crisis. Hinduism new life and power were imparted and the call of seems to be making a desperate last stand. Evan- God was heard for the establishment of a new gelistic campaigns are spreading and several thou- order.

sands every month are coming forward to confess The secret of meeting every crisis effectively- Christ. The dissatisfaction of Depressed Classes be it political, social, economic, educational, spirit- with Hinduism may lead to a tremendous exodus ual, national, missionary or personal-is to take into the Christian or possibly into the Moslem God into account; it is to bring men and women fold. Many take the position of Dr. Ambedkar into such vital relation to God through Christ,

TOPICS OF THE TIMES

that new life will come to them, with new aims territory with over 15,000,000 inhabitants. These and energy, new intelligence and a keen desire include Czechs of Bohemia (Monrovia and Sefor knowledge; a new sense of justice; new love lesia) Slovaks, Germans, Poles, Jews, Russians, for God and man and new power to carry out His Hungarians and other races ,and nationalities. Twoprogram. Is there any other way? thirds are Czechoslovaks. The predominant re- ligion is Roman Catholic; they are reported to THE PLIGHT OF CZECHOSLOVAKIA number ten million. Under President Masaryk the country enjoyed prosperity for twenty years. Before 1918 there was no political division in Multitudes have left the Roman Catholic church to Europe named Czechoslovakia. The land and become Protestants who number about 1,130,000. people were a part of Austria-Hungary for three hundred years. Then came the Versailles Treaty What should be the attitude of Christians in and as a penalty for fighting a losing warfare such a crisis? What would be the attitude of Austria-Hungary was divided, part of the terri- Christ? While we have obligations to the govtory and people going to Rumania and Poland, ernment and the land in which we live, our true part to the new nations of Hungary and Yugo- dtizenship is not of this world. The basis for our slavia and part to Czechoslovakia. The people peace and welfare is not a human government of seemed satisfied with this allocation and Prof. our own choosing. Some of the greatest Chris- T. G. Masaryk, the high-minded and wise patriot tians have been developed under most unfavorwas elected the first president. All seemed to go able circumstances-in the ancient Roman Emwell while the nations were struggling to recover pire, in Russia, in France and Spain during days from the economic effects of the war and while of persecution, in Turkey under the Sultan, and Germany was weak and unarmed. Now, twenty in every mission field where Christianity has years after the war ended and peace treaties sought to gain a foothold. Christ Himself warned were signed, the provisions of the Treaty of His disciples that in this world they must ex- Versailles relating to Czechoslovakia are scrapped. pect hardship and persecution; He called Saul the Germany, under the dominating leadership of persecutor to become His missionary, showing Adolph Hitler, has rearmed in such a formidable him, not what a comfortable successful time he way that the Reich feels strong enough to disre- would have, but "how great things he must suffer" gard other European nations. After taking over for the sake of Christ. all of Austria, without a battle, he has demanded large sections of Czechoslovakia where "Sudeten Christians and the Christian Church are called Germans" are living, and has captured their ter- to work unfalteringly for a better world, to preach ritory under threat of a general European war. and practice peace; to feed the hungry, heal the Already he has marched in to take possession of sick, care for the fatherless and widows; to preach fortifications, cities, health resorts, natural re- and practice righteousness and brotherly love in sources, and many industrial plants on which the the name of Christ and in the power of the Holy Czechoslovakian Government has depended for Spirit. In Czechoslovakia, as in Spain and Ethieconomic and military strength. The end is not opia, in China and Korea, Christians pray for yet; while the four parties to the new agreement- courage as they face conflicts and ungodly human Germany, France, Great Britain and Italy-have dictators; they are not discouraged in the midst supposedly guaranteed the new boundaries of the of trials; true followers of Christ will witness to shrinking republic, Herr Hitler is not satisfied. Him and will resolve to love even their enemies He sees that the other nations fear modern war- and to pray for rulers and for those who "despitefare and its terrible results, as he does not, and fully use and persecute them." Czechoslovakia and therefore he stands ready to demand more conces- other lands may be ravaged by war and torn by sions to add to his territory in Europe-and fire, sword and pestilence but the life of the probably will demand a return of former German Christian is "hid with Christ in God." colonies. Poland and Hungary also are demanding slices of Czechoslovakia inhabited by some of War is a taste of hell on earth but there is sometheir people. It is as though Mexico were strong thing even worse than the mental and physical enough to demand United States territory in the horrors of warfare-namely the utter spiritual southwest, in which Mexicans have made their homes. The Czechoslovaks were ready to fight darkness of those whose lives are alienated from for their land but could not do it alone, when God. There is much that Christians can do for abandoned by their allies who had guaranteed the suffering people of Czechoslovakia, and of their boundaries. other stricken lands, in this hour of their dire Czechoslovakia has had 54,250 square miles of need. Christian love is not merely a pious senti- ment, it is a divine dynamic that operates for practical and Godlike ends.

SO THIS IS INDIA TODAY* strong even where the leaders themselves are not "The earthquakes that have rattled our bun- Christians. galow are as nothing compared with the movements which are changing the whole life of Agriculture and industry: India has resources, India," writes an experienced missionary in look- physical and spiritual, that are undeveloped by ing over the scene-political, social, and religious any of her old religions. These schools are a part -which now confronts Christian forces. "I have of the answer which missionaries are making to never seen the foundations of society shaken as the question, "How important are 700,000 villages they are today." and their inhabitants?"

India has a population three times that of the It is impossible to separate the work of the United States; 200 languages in use; climate Kingdom of God into given classifications. The ranging from tropical to subarctic; a rigid social doctor and the nurse, the industrial teacher and and religious system which is now giving way the rural expert, the minister and the woman: before modern conditions; five widespread re- evangelist, the teacher and the administrative ligions, besides innumerable minor faiths. In the officer, are but parts of the whole force of Chrismidst of all this we find that Christianity is in- tians who have put their gifts of trained and decreasing much more rapidly in proportion than voted lives at the service of Christ to make India a part of the Kingdom which shall not end.

the population! These few facts underly the cur- rent work in India. Behind the familiar state- THE CRISIS AMONG NEGROES ments are rapid changes in life and psychology such as have never before confronted India. According to President Mordecai Johnson of Howard University in Washington, D. C., the Christians set the standards for the education Negro is in a worse state today than he was beand training of women, and the women of India fore the depression, and in the most precarious are responding with zeal and unselfishness. Chris- position he has been since 1880. Dr. Johnson tians set standards for the improvement of village feels that his people are likely to lose in the next life; for lifting the level of rural millions above ten years the greater proportion of all they have the line of desperate poverty; for care of body gain~d, unless steps are taken to avert this disand soul in hospitals and clinics. Education is aster. This is an opinion to challenge the attenmore widespread, leadership for and by the mem- tion of every public-minded citizen, and every bers of the Depressed Classes is vigorous and friend of our Negro millions. The problem of vocal. The high percentage of illiteracy has made providing work for the vast reservoir of unemthe goal of Christian workers "Every Christian ployed Negro labor rising out of the maladjusta reader by 1941." "Never mind lunch," was the ments of the cotton plantation system in the South cry of a group of women. "We can get food later; is a colossal one to attack, and one far out of the we can't get a teacher when this meeting is over!" scope of anyone church to solve. The Church must be aware tha.t such a problem exists, else Medical work: Missionary doctors (men and how can it help to create a public opinion which women) and nurses, work with an Indian staff of will demand that some national attempt at a soludoctors and nurses in hospitals and dispensaries. tion be made? The problem resolves itself into a They treat tuberculosis and leprosy as well as the concern about educated young Negroes, willing more common ills of India. and eager to work at anything that will pay a liv- ing wage, unable to find a niche, rebuffed and hu- Schools and universities: Union and denomina- miliated frequently in the search for honest work, tional colleges and schools are scattered over all India.

Evangelistic work is conducted in evangelistic and excluded from most of the opportunities to meetings, in churches, schools and hospitals. earn a decent living. Many possibilities are auto- Mass movements are again in progress as they matically closed to the young Negro and he starts were a generation ago. Political as well as social out with a defeatist attitude, knowing that he will influence is largely against these movements, ow- be lucky to work into some elevator or service'

ing to the fact that voters are registered by reli- job; that there are not even too many of these, gion. If means were at hand to train them, the and that he will automatically get less money for missions could use many more Indian evangelistic his work than his white neighbor.

workers to help to seize so great an opportunity. What the Church can do is problematic; what Women's work: Women are making history in individuals can do is just as complicated; but India, from political leaders to village workers. there is one thing all can do-we can become in- Some are Christians but the Christian influence is formed and interested. Each person can examine his own practical Christianity.

• Extracts from Monday Morning, a weekly paper for Presbyterian -Virginia Ray, in the Presbyterian Tribune. pastors.

A New Survey of Neglected Arabia*

By the REV. SAMUEL M. ZWEMER, D.D., Princeton, New Jersey -.~ Author of "Arabia, the Cradle of Islam," etc., etc., one of the ~- Founders of the Arabian Mission of the Reformed Church in America FIFTY years ago the tragic death of Ian Keith- The backward s·tate of the "As·ir highlands, intended Falconer at Aden called the attention of the by nature to be a paradise, is the inevitable result of world to Arabia. His memorable words man's inability to live at peace with his neighbors." Yet stirred the student world of his day: "While vast here nature and man h.ave cer.tainly combined to create a continents are shrouded in almost utter darkness scene of astonishing beauty, and it seemed to me that man had actually outdone nature in their friendly rivalry.

and hundreds of millions suffer the horrors of Imagine a great tableland thrust up to a height of 9000heathenism and Islam, the burden of proof rests 9500 feet, towering above the tumbled mountains and upon you to show that the circumstances in which valleys of the Tihama on one side and the endless expanse God has placed you were meant by Him to keep of mountains and desert on the other. The surface of the p·lateau, plunging steeply down on one side in a series of you out of the foreign field." splendid buttresses, slopes gently on th.e other in the The burden of the unoccupied areas of the curves of graceful valleys, forming huge theaters, for world rested on the Edinburgh Missionary Con- which man has provided the seats in terrace after terference nearly thirty years later. (Witness the race of cornfields. In the middle of Jurie the corn was ripe, and I shall never forget that scene of golden ears report and the literature on the subject at that soughing and howing under the gentle· breeze, terrace time.) The subject was practically shelved at the after terrace, down the mighty flanks of those moun- Jerusalem Council Meeting in 1928, and the sur- tains, whose steeper slopes nature had reserved for her vey by Charles H. Fahs was not even printed in own planting-a dense forest of junipers and other trees the eight-volume report. Now the World Domin- extending down to the 7500-foot level. And in the fields and forest the !birds rejoiced.

ion Movement, in its series of Survey Volumes, The natural boundaries of Arabia are not in has laid emphasis not only on what the Christian degrees of lattitude or longitude. The great "Is- Church has done and is doing, but especially upon land of the Arabs," as they themselves call it, has the vast unfinished task and the great unoccupied its geographical and historical area accurately areas. Their latest volmne deals with Arabia- expressed in the thrice repeated promise of the long neglected and now the hardest battleground Old Testament "from sea to sea and from the in the spiritual conflict with Islam. Dr. Harold I. Storm (who is chiefly respon- river unto the ends of the earth." Iraq and sible for the Survey and has written all of the Transjordania are of Arab speech, race and trachapters except one, which is by Mrs. Storm) dition; the great northern desert has been the has probably traveled more widely across the tenting ground of the Arab since the dawn of Arabian peninsula than any other missionary. history.

His recent tour took him across the peninsula Dr. Storm's survey is the first complete survey from east to west and inland to Asir, Yemen, and of Arabia today as a mission field. Until the year the cities of Hadramaut. The beautiful photo- 1889, this vast area was considered a closed land. graphic illustrations in this volume reveal some- Dr. Eugene Stock, then Secretary of the Church thing of the variety of Arabian landscape. Missionary Society, in an address at the Ecu- Arabia is not all desert. It has fertility and menical Missionary Conference held in New York beauty. H. St. John Philby has recently made an in 1900, said: "The greatest of all these unen- extensive journey to the Land of Sheba (Geo- tered countries, which is very rarely mentioned graphical Journal, July, 1938) through the great in missionary accounts, is Arabia. There is that Wady of Nejran, where Christians died martyrs great Arab race, the children of Abraham as before the days of Mohammed. Here is his pic- much as are the Jews, waiting for the Gospel; ture of one unoccupied province of Arabia. Does but we cannot get in to preach it. The Lord will it not come as a challenge?: open that door when we have entered the doors • "Whither Arabia?" By Harold Storm, M.D., IIlus. $1.50. Pub- already open." Why did this missionary stateslished by the World Dominion Movement, New York and London. man and historian consider Arabia "the great- [ 519]

est" of all the unoccupied fields and speak of «the Dr. Storm shows that the Arabs are a great great Arab race"? race in origin and destiny, and are capable of great achievement. Physically they are undoU'bt- Of all the lands comparable to Arabia in size, edly one of the strongest races of the world, a and of all the peoples who in any way approach survival of the fittest in an environment that kills the Arabs in historical interest and influence, no off the weaklings. The character, influence and country and no nationality (as Prof. Hitti re- literature of the Arabic language witnesses to the .marks) has received "so little consideration and genius of the people and of their prophet Moham- study in modern times as have Arabia and the med, through his book. A certain degree of sim- Arahs." Arabia is one of the great Bible lands, ilarity in human character, and an even greater has an area of a million square miles and is the similarity of language and custom and religion, probable cradle of the Semitic race which has prevails over the entire area where Arab migra- given the world its three great theistic faiths: tion brought Islam in its early conquest. Judaism, Christianity and Islam. Who can say whether what happened in the The Arabs have been world-conquerors and ex- seventh century may not occur again in the twen- plorers. They traveled from the Pillars of Her- tieth, if Christ should capture the Arab heart and cules (Gibraltar) to the coasts of China and in Arabs become messengers of the Gospel as, they the period of their greatest expansion "assim- once were of the Koran? ilated to their creed, speech and even physical type more aliens than any stock before or since, The exploration and mapping of the Arabian not excepting the Hellenic, the Roman, the Anglo- peninsula has made vast strides during and since Saxon or the Russian." Israel's tradition in the the World War. When Hogarth wrote his book, "The Penetration of Arabia," there were still A GORGE IN THE TUWAIG MOUNTAINS, ARABIA large areas unexplored and unmapped. Since the time of Doughty, the work of men like Lawrence, Old Testament reveals most intimate relations Shakespeare, Cheeseman, Rutter, Philby, Freya with Arabia and Arab life, both on their eastern Stark, Vander Meulen, and last but not least, frontier and on the south, even to distant Ha- Bertram Thomas, have given us a picture of dramaut; The Hebrew literary genius, as Dr. Arabia and its inhabitants with very few gaps Macdonald has indicated, also shows kinship with remaining. But this latest survey by Dr. Storm Arabia. 'Their literature throughout all their his- is a missionary survey of the field. tory, and to this day, in its method of production and in its recorded forms is of Arab scheme and The new forces that have at last stirred it may type." An index of all the Scriptural references now arouse patriarchal and nomad Arabia from to Arabia and Arabian Bedouin life includes its stagnation. The tide of Western trade and twenty-five books of the Old and five of the New culture came after the earliest missionary occupa- _ Testaments. tion fifty years ago, and has made the task of evangelization at once easier and yet more dif- There is no land in the world and no people ficult. All Arabia faces a new future and this (with the exception of Palestine and the Jews) volume may well ask "whither?". which bear such close relation to the Theocratic covenants and Old Testament promises as do A recent British writer weighs the question: Arabia and the Arabs. The divine promises for "The desert is undoubtedly the clue to the history the final victory of the Kingdom of God in Arabia of the Arabs. Relentless yet free, it has made the are many, definite and glorious. These promises Arab what he is, essentially virile, essentially group themselves around seven names which have chivalrous, essentially spendthrift, essentially fa- from time immemorial been identified with the talistic. Critics have said that the Arab is so lazy peninsula of Arabia: Ishmael, Kedar, N ebaioth, that he has largely made his own deserts rather Sheba, Seba, Midian and Ephah. than that the deserts have made him. Such critics are uJikind and superficial." He goes on to point out that today the Arab has changed. He has a broader horizon and a new sense of nationalism. The Arab is potentially a traveler and has made history outside of Arabia. The excellent maps that accompany the Survey indicate at once the tribal disunity of Arabia and its religious, social and linguistic unity.

As Dr. Storm points out, every year the motor car is penetrating further into neglected Arabia. Communications between every part of the Penin- sula were never so rapid and universal. The

A NEW SURVEY OF NEGLECTED ARABIA

Arabic papers and books from Cairo, Beirut, station is a majority. Arithmetic fails when you Damascus, and Baghdad reach every part of the deal with spiritual realities. Yet it is the im- Peninsula. Surely all this is a challenge to hasten ponderable forces of the Spirit of God which will the work of Christian evangelization. Thirteen determine victory or defeat in Arabia. The three centuries of history prove that there is little hope principal missions in the peninsula are the Amerfor Arabia in Islam. ican Mission on the Persian Gulf, the United Church of Scotland at Aden, and the Danish REPLACING THE ARABIAN CAMEL Church Mission in Yemen. The number of Chris- Longest motor coach in the world-carrying passengers from tians connected with these missions is very small, but their faith and faithfulness is very great. Damascus to Baghdad. Here is a book that truly tells of "Faith" Mis- sions! What Islam has done and has not done for the land of its birth can be read in the fascinating Because we believe that the imponderables of bO.Qks of unprejudiced explorers who, from the the Kingdom of Light are on our side, we believe days of Burckhardt and Niebuhr until those of that "opportunity" is not the last word in mis- Philby and Freya Stark, penetrated the vast sions. The appeal of the closed door is often even peninsula and have portrayed not only the land greater than that of the one which is open. The but the people. Doughty's two volumes are an en- open door beckons; the closed door may be a chalcyclopedia on the effect of Islam in molding the lenge to God's authority. It is the strength of character of the desert Arab. There could be no these imponderable forces-that is to say the stranger indictment of Islam than the fruit of reality of the Invisible, which enables the misthat faith in the character and lives of the Arabs sionary beneath the walls of an Arabian city, or as Doughty portrays them. in its borderlands, to look upward with confidence and to see by faith the future result of his toil in The present Survey does not deal very largely "the great multitude which no man could numwith Islam as a religion but points out the suc- ber"-a world where statistics are inadequate to cess and the further urgent opportunity for express realities, where finance and budgets have Christian missions, especially medical missions. lost all significance and gold is used for paving Dr. and Mrs. Storm are very modest in pointing stones. out what has been achieved in the past five decades. One cannot measure success here by statis- Success is not always measured by numbers tics, although we have tables and figures of nor victory by majorities. "Not by might nor by schools, hospitals and dispensaries. The Arabian peninsula, seen from the back of a camel, is much MODERN AIRPLANE TRAVEL IN ARABIA larger than on the map. Here "one dot may represent 10,000 Moslems"; there, one Moslem power, but by my Spirit, saith the Lord." Here represents ten thousand difficulties in evangelism. is a new challenge to students in our colleges for Some things cannot be put into tables and figures. the great adventure. After you read this "New You cannot tabulate loneliness nor plot the curve Survey," help to pray through to a successful conof hope deferred which makes the heart sick. Yet clusion the task that God has set before His these are the things that make the difference be- Church in this great and still neglected peninsula. tween the shedding of ink and the shedding of blood. The end of the geographical and ethnological survey is only the beginning of the missionary enterprise. One man with God at a mission

and Romance in Czechoslovakia

By REV. JOSEPH NOVOTNY, D.D., International Baptist Seminary, East Orange, N. ,.

1'. DECENTLY the little democracy of central of the "Unitas Fratrum," and introduced believ- Europe, Czechoslovakia, has become front er's baptism into the Bohemian Brethren Church. page news. In spite of the general interest Count Tolstoy professed himself his admirer and aroused, few readers seem to be acquainted with disciple. The Bohemian Brethren Church of old the country, its problems and the present religious is sometimes called today "the most beautiful situation. blossom on the tree of Christianity since the time According to one of the best Czechoslovakian of the apostles." Comenius was the great religious leader of the "Unitas Fratrum," the teacher of historians, Dr. Kamil Krofta, the foreign minister nations, who was called to Harvard as president, of the Czechoslovakian Government, the Czecho- is a man who is not valued enough. We are only slovaks were already in the present countries beginning to understand what he meant, not only which form Czechoslovakia as early as the second, for the Czechoslovaks but for the culture of the or perhaps in the first, century of the Christian era. world. The Moravian Church of today has its In the fourth century, when people were seek- origin in the work of Chelcicky and Comenius.

ing new homes, and the Slavs, the most numerous Czechoslovaks are the only Slavs who adopted white race in the world who had their cradle in the Reformation and followed it for two hundred the south of Russia, divided into different groups. years. It was an eminently religious country, The Czechoslovaks, although comparatively few "The Land of Book and Cup." There is a proverb, in number, showed the greatest energy and went which has its origin in the time of Hus: "The furthest west of all the Slavs. A few who went Husitic woman knows the Bible better than the further were drowned in the German Sea. The priest." The Czechoslovaks printed the first Czechoslovak land looks like a finger of the great Bible in a living tongue-New Testament in 1475, Slav hand pointing other Slavs to Western culture the whole Bible in 1488, in Prague. For the man of which he became the interpreter. Being the who daily reads and meditates in the Bible they center of Europe, and having high mountains as a coined a word, pismak, which cannot be translated natural frontier, the Czechoslovak was able, dur- into any other language. Nowhere is the Lord's ing the many hundreds of years of Germanizing Supper held in higher esteem than among the efforts of his neighbors, to remain a Czechish Czechoslovaks. The old independent Protestant peninsula in the German Sea. His chief connec- Czech State was a land of liberty, with the kingtion with his Slav brethren has been the Poles to democrat, George of Podebrad, who was a Czechothe north. slovak citizen, chosen king because of his spiritual The Czechoslovaks accepted Christianity as nobility. This Reformation movement was transpreached to them by the two Greek brethren, planted into Slovakia so that half of the popula- Cyrill and Methodius. This fact is the reason tion became Protestants and they use the Czech why the Czechoslovaks, while for the most part Bible and hymnals today. Roman Catholics, have not been strong followers Another fact which shows the missionary spirit of Rome. of the Czechoslovaks in the dawn of the Reforma- The Protestant Reformation ideas took root in tion, is of spiritual interest to all Anglo-Saxons. Bohemia and in the other Czechoslovak territory. When Scotland was still Roman Catholic, but had The greatest man that the Czechoslovak nation some friends of Reformation ideas, they sent to produced, John Hus, was not the first or only re- Prague a message in which they asked for a former. He had many forerunners. His clever representation of the Reformation ideas in the colleague was Jerome of Prague, and his spiritual cradle of Reformation. The Czechs sent a whole successor, Peter Chelcicky, a man who was born expedition, the leader of which, Pavel Kravar, was too soon, an apostle of world peace and separation professor in the Prague University. In his adoptof State and Church. He was the spiritual father ed country he became known as Paul Crawer, or [522 ] LlTBUAN7A·…,~ R U S S I A i,i .,;•J • MOSCOW • "~L" .-….'r""'~-Y.""'-.., iI" uK RAI N.E .A·,. "• Scale of Miles 100 200 30, 0 40, 0 THE THEATER OF TUR'MOIL IN EUROPE TODAY A Herald-Tribu.ne map showing the portions of Czechoslovakia acquired by Germany. These areas comprise about 11,500 square miles (nearly the size of Belgium), with 3,500,000 inhabitants, living along the Western, Northern and Southern boundaries.

Craw; he preached the Gospel in Scotland for tants in Bohemia by Roman Catholic Austria. The three years, and was burned as a heretic at St, Andrews in 1433. Jesuits and soldiers entered the land and tried to Peter Paine, an early English Reformer, who "convert" the people with sword and fire. They was banned from his native country because of his "heretic" beliefs, found a refuge in the free beheaded twenty-seven Czech religious leaders country of Bohemia, and died there in peace, known as "Brother English." The center and spir- and passed a law that everybody who would not itual stronghold of the Reformation ideas was the Czech University of Prague, the oldest one in be Roman Catholic must leave the country or Central Europe, founded in 1348. die. Many died, many left the country without When America was discovered, and many left their homeland to seek gold, the Czechoslovaks their property, so that although Bohemia, before revealed a thirst after pure religion, and sent abroad an expedition to find the best Christians in the Thirty Years' war, had over three millions of the world and to bring home their experience. inhabitants, after the war there were left only Meanwhile the religious divisions were serious. When civil war broke out in 1618, the Austrians eight hundred thousand people. The property of invaded the land and the tragic battle near Prague was a precursor of the end of the inde- the Protestant Czechs (which amounted to five pendent Protestant Czechoslovak State. Emperor Ferdinand of Austria proclaimed that he would hundred million gold crowns, according to the rather see Czechoslovakia a desert than a Protestant country. Few pages of history show such a historian, Bilek) was given to the Roman Catholic dark record as those of the persecution of Protes- Church, nobility, and the Emperor. Three hun- dred years of persecution followed, the history of which a Czech can read only with a bleeding heart.

The Roman Catholic German-Austrians largely succeeded in turning the Czech Protestant land into a Roman Catholic country.

To make the nation forget their national hero, John Hus, the Jesuits brought out a fictitious John (Nepomuk), and named him the nation's patron saint in 1729. .

A dark period followed in Czech history. In

the forests and mountains remained the true out of three who were born in the last year of the pismaks, readers of the Bible, although the Bible war died because of the weakness of their mothwas proclaimed a forbidden book which the ers. In spite of this persecution, the nation kept Jesuits told the people not to read and many were the motto of John Hus: "Woe to those who, for a taken away by force. In order that Catholic serv- piece of bread, sell the truth." ants might not touch the "poisoned books," they carried them in chains, and the priests burned When the war was near at an end, the Czechothem in the churchyards. One Jesuit leader pro- slovaks couldwait no longerfor thearmistice. When claimed openly that he (Konias) had burned sixty they saw that their oppressor grew weaker and thousand Bohemian Bibles and Protestant re- the Allies stronger, they thought that the moment ligious books. In order to find hidden Bibles it is had arrived for their liberation. On the twentyrecorded that the Jesuits used to wear shoes with eighth of October, 1918, Prague was aroused to nails when they went to the fields where the peo- enthusiasm. Crowds crying, "Liberty! Hurrah ple were working barefoot. Trampling on their for the Allies!" were marching through the feet, they asked where they kept their Bibles. streets. People went about kissing and embracing People often went from one village where there each other. The Czechoslovaks are proud that was no Bible to a village where there still was a their greatest day in history was not stained by a Bible and offered a loaf of bread to be allowed to single drop of blood, even by the "enemy." The read and learn parts by heart, in order to share Austro-Germans feared the day of liberation its contents with their neighbors when they re- would be a day of vengence-therefore they turned. closed the doors and windows of their houses in fear. But the new government sent messengers In these dark th'ree hundred years the Protes- to the Germans to open their houses, with the tant Czechoslovaks had to fight Vienna and Rome, message that they need not be afraid as the nation that together tried to Germanize and to Roman- did not intend to persecute anybody in the new ize the nation. Therefore it came about that every State. Czechoslovak was filled with a" hatred against this dualism, and as he read history the antago- When Czechoslovakia was liberated, it seemed nism was doubled. only natural that the national liberation should be crowned by a religious liberation. The Czecho- The Effect of the World War slovak Government prescribed for the first time in the new state a" census, to record to what The third period of the Czechoslovak nation nationality each one belonged, and what religion starts at the moment with the great World War. he professed. It was natural that every Czechoslovak resolved to side with the Allies against Austria; their op- In the old Austria it was not easy to leave the pressor. The leader of the nation, Prof. T. G. Roman Catholic Church, but after the World War, Masaryk, wisely foresaw that a revolution would there was proclaimed complete religious liberty. mean suicide. Therefore he recommended that Many Czechoslovaks, even nominal Roman Cathsome of the leaders go abroad to cooperate with olics, were ashamed to say that they belonged to the Allies, and others stay at home to lead the the Church which had "burned the greatest people. Regiments were organized in Russia, Czechoslovak that ever lived," John Hus; the France, Italy, and America. As a result the Al- church which "robbed our greatest men of their lies recognized the right of the Czechoslovaks for property," and had either killed them or sent independence. them abroad as beggars.

Austria endeavored to punish the Czechoslovaks They said: "We cannot read the history of our for their thirst after freedom and the children nation without feeling ashamed that we besuffered especially. As one poet said: "Who saw long to those who destroyed the whole life of our the sufferings of men, did not see anything, he nation." must see the sufferings of the women; who saw the sufferings of women, did not see anything, Many people (perhaps one-third) left the Rohe must see the sufferings of children." The chil- man Catholic Church during this movement and dren sought for bits of food in ashes, or begged the process is not at an end. While two-thirds of on their knees at the door for a piece of bread. the population are still reported as Roman Cath- When the war was nearly at an end, the Austrian olics, according to the last census the capital minister for Foreign Affairs, Czernin, said to the city of Prague has only fifty-three per cent in Czechoslovak leaders, "When we are forced to that church. Great numbers are joining the new leave your country, we shall leave it a cemetery." Czechoslovak Church which has broken all ties After the armistice eighty-two per cent of the with Rome, recognizes the great men of our Refor- Czechoslovak children had consumption, and two mation as their spiritual leaders, uses the Czecho- slovak language in the church, has pictures of John Hus on the altars, and sings old Husitic

REALITY AND ROMANCE IN CZECHOSLOVAKIA

hymns; the priests marry, 'and the church is one Czechoslovak village where there were seven- growing in numbers as well as in spiritual life. ty-eight houses, over ninety American flags.

They are learning from the Protestant churches The Czechoslovaks are eager interpreters of new methods, such as the Sunday school and American culture, including religion. It is only Young People's Societies. stating a fact when the European nations call the Many join the different Protestant churches Czechoslovaks "the Yankees of Europe." The newwhich, in a short time, have admitted thousands. est Czechoslovak literature is full of American in- In the west of Bohemia, in a country town, where fluence. One of the youngest Professors of there was a Presybterian church with about one Philosophy of the Prague University, the successthousand members, today the same church has or of President Masaryk, returned from a trip to twenty thousand members. In the same district America and spoke and wrote enthusiastically is a country town where all the population left the about American life. The people were never more Roman Catholic church and joined the Protes- ready to accept the greatest treasure which Amertants, leaving only the priest, his housekeeper and ica possesses-the spiritual Christian religion. As to the problem of minorities which has the janitor in the Catholic church. caused the present crisis in Czechoslovakia, there In the Protestant churches many are seeking are such racial, national and religious minorities the deepening of spiritual life. Dogmatic bat- in every country of Europe. The crux of the tles are at an end; but many feel that real god- problem is not how many individuals or what perliness ought to follow the movement. The pastors centage of the whole population is found in a cerfrom the lukewarm churches are sent to those re- tain group, but how they are treated; how much gions where there is the greatest spiritual work, liberty they possess. in order that they may be influenced by that movement and "bring it home." It is touching to see In Czechoslovakia with more than 15 million how eager the young Protestants are to know inhabitants, the minorities reach 33.8 per cent of what they ought to do to be real "Bohemian the total population. These minorities came to Brethren." Many a lukewarm church has become Czechoslovakia as colonists. The historical dea living force because of the new opportunity. The velopment and natural frontier of high mountains greatest movem-ent was in the southwest of Bo- did not permit to draw the frontier any other hemia, where there was formerly the greatest way. These minorities are scattered all over stronghold of the Roman Church; it is the birth- the country. The Germans have numbered 22 place of John Hus, John Zizka, and Peter per cent of the entire population; the Magyars Chelcicky, and other Czechoslovak Reformers. As (Hungarians) 4.7 per cent, the Ruthenes 3.7 per in the Reformation time, people in the street, in cent, the Jews 1.29 per cent and the Poles 0.56 the railroad cars, in the public places, often spoke per cent.

about religious topics during this movement. How are the minorities treated in Czechoslo- vakia? The Germans have had seventy represent- America and Czechoslovakia atives in the Chamber of Deputies, thirty-six in It is interesting to know what part America the Senate; the Magyars (Hungarians) have played in the development of Czechoslovakia. eleven deputies and seven senators; the Ruthenes There are several external ties between America have nine deputies and senators; the Poles have and Czechoslovakia: their proclamation of inde- two deputies and the Jews two. There is absolute pendence was signed in the same place at the same liberty with regard to the use of the minority desk as the Declaration of Independence of Ameri- languages in the press. With regard to schools, ca, in Philadelphia; the first lady of Czechoslo. they can educate their children in schools provakia was an American, the Anglo-Saxon vided by government money where the minority American wife of the first President, Professor language is used and where the teachers belong to Masaryk. The Czechoslovaks will never forget the the minority and textbooks are printed in the American soldiers in Europe who helped to liber- minority language. The Germans in Czechosloate the nation: the proclamation of the American vakia have had two universities, two technical conditions of peace; the distribution of the institutes and are equipped with all types of ele- American bread, which saved multitudes from mentary and secondary schools. All these schools starvation; the coming of the American dollar, have been supported by government money.

which saved Europe from bankruptcy. The Germany, Italy and Hungary offer no political Czechoslovaks know of these things, and are deep- representation for the minorities. Poland offers ly thankful. In Prague they have the Wilson only partial political representation and bilingual monument, Wilson Central Station, American type of schools. Czechoslovakia is a democratic Street, and Hoover Avenue. One of the American country where the minorities have equal rights correspondents just after the armistice found in with the majority.

Universality of Christ*

~I .:; ;I===B=y=E=.=S=T=A=N=L=E=Y=J=O=N=E=S,=D=.=D=.,=I=od=ia==~-LII ~- SOMETHING more is involved in Christian at liberty them that are bruised, those who have missions than the question of whether we hurt themselves with their moral and spiritual will or will not send missionaries across the falls. His was a message to the hurt spirits of seas. The Christian Church is beginning to recog- men, and then He came to proclaim the Lord's nize the fact that if we cannot share our Christian Year of Jubilee. Every fifty years there was a faith with every man everywhere, in the end we fresh national beginning; all debts cancelled, all will not be able to hold it. That which is not uni- slaves freed, all land redistributed, and the na- versal is not true, for Truth by its very nature is tion began with a new beginning.

universal. Two and two make four in India, Jesus closed the book of the Prophet, and said, China, America, and around the world. The mo- "Today this program begins. Today this Scripment you discover the Truth, it rises above na- ture hath been fulfilled in your ears." tional boundaries and belongs to us as a race. If, therefore, what we have cannot be shared with In beginning our missionary program we can all men, it is not universal, and if it is not univer- do no better than to announce what Jesus said sal it is not true. was His program and make it our own-a Gospel for the poor, for the hungry millions of the earth. If we cannot give Christ and His Gospel to God wills a new distribution of the goods which every man everywhere, in the end we shall stand He has provided for every man. The missionary beside dead altars, we shall pray dead prayers enterprise, if it stands for anything, stands for and we shall have a faith that has let us down in redistribution of that which God, our Father, has our own emergencies. Therefore, this whole ques- willed that every man should have. tion is significant beyond the immediate influence of the missionary cause, and we must face it and Second, we would proclaim release to the capface it with a new sense of realism. tives. There are still multitudes of people who are not liberated. There are those who are still We do not apologize for things as they are and socially and politically captive. The missionary that are of interest to missions. Rather, we want enterprise comes with a great passion for human to be prophets of things as they ought to be. freedom, believing in the worthwhileness of every Christian missions are not sacrosanct save as they man. It would proclaim belief in the worthwhilerepresent truth and reality. We do not ask that ness of every nation. men should blindly take what we say. We ask that they submit it to the test of experience, of There are undeveloped races, but no permalife, of reality. No matter what we say or unsay, nently inferior people. We would also come with the last word is with the facts. a message to those who are physically disenfran- chised-the opening of the eyes of the blind. The We search with you to find reality if we can. missionary enterprise should go out with a pas- Our platform should fit the world's needs. When sion for health, for healing, to lift the burdens of Jesus stood in a little synagogue in Nazareth two suffering which are weighing upon the hearts, and thousand years ago He announced a program are crippling the lives of men. which seemed then of little significance save to that little group. But the world today, humbly The message must come also to those who are searching after something it has not, turns again bruised-men and women who are injured or to ask whether this Man of Galilee has a definite handicapped by their own falls. The man with word for us at this period in the world's history. the wounded conscience, the man who cannot look the world and himself squarely in the face. We Jesus said: "The spirit of the Lord is upon me, come with the Gospel of another chance, a new for He has naught in me to preach good tidings to beginning, a conversion, a regeneration. the poor." His program included the proclaim- ing of release to the captives, socially and politi- Then the missionary program sets the whole cally disenfranchised; the opening of the eyes of thing in God's Year of Jubilee and proclaims a the blind, the physically disenfranchised; to set fresh beginning for a race in all departments of * Condensed from an address delivered at the United Foreign human life, a fresh awakening for a world, a new Missions Campaign, Chicago, in 1933. start.

[ 526] These are some of the principles that underly they did, they would go back to a semi-savage, the missionary movement, but upon the thresh- roaming across Europe. Are we coming to that? old of our coming to proclaim these words certain things rise up and questions which we must Many of us are proud that we have English face. Whenever you face a question, face it in its blood in our veins. The English have made amazmore acute forms-answer it there, and then you ing contributions to the collective life of our race. have answered it all down the line. We would And yet at the time of the Roman ascendancy, a like to put this fresh, living, new Kingdom under Roman said, "The stupidest and ugliest slaves on the world problems today, and under the world the market are those from Britain." Had you situation today, but we are met with objections looked at those stupid and ugly slaves you would which we must face. have said, "Impossible barbarians! Nothing can come out of them." But someone else looked at When we talk about being missionaries we are them and said, "Angles; Angles. If they could be accused of a desire to manage other people. Men Christianized they would be angels." We are not say, first of all, that it is bound up with the polit- angels, but we are quite different from the stupid ical imperialisms of the West. No matter how and ugly slaves. And the thing that was at the pure its motive, missionary work gets entangled bottom of our rise was the fact of the impact of and alloys within itself disturb and destroy its the Gospel of Jesus Christ upon us. effect upon human life. Every movement needs constant criticism, constant readjustment, per- Those who have Scotch blood are prouder still. petual realignment, and a bringing back to orig- The Scotch have made amazing contributions to inal purposes. We want to bring back this move- human life. Some of the noblest souls have come ment to original purposes, to disentangle it from from the Scotch, and yet the Scotch have been every entangling alliance that would cripple its called "eaters of human flesh," who had plenty spirit and hurt its motive. We want it to stand of flocks but whose herdsmen would prefer a clear in its own right-compelling, and doing steak from the female breast as a rarity! The what God would have men do through this move- Scotch of the fourth century! Had you looked at ment. them you would have said, "Impossible barbar- ians!" But some looked at them with the eyes of Not Political Imperialism Jesus Christ, and there began the upward rise of a nation that has contributed largely to the col- First of all, then, men say that the missionary lective life. Everywhere the missionary movemovement is a species of political imperialism, ment goes with a passionate belief in the developthat it is the religious side of that western expan- ment of men into likeness to God as He is resion, and partakes of the spirit of that expansion. vealed in Jesus Christ. There is some truth in what the critics say. Again and again the movement has been cor- We don't believe that there is any nation good rupted by its contact with pushing imperialisms enough or wise enough to hold 'permanently anand has been used by the imperialisms of the other people against that people's will. There is West. It was said that when the white man went in every nation a birthright of freedom, and the to Africa the white man had the Bible and the Christian missionary movement should stand, not African had the land; later on the African had as the sponsor of white prestige and white rule, the Bible and the white man had the land. There but should stand for the brotherhood of men, and is just enough truth in that to make it sting. Un- present a Christ who stands alongside of the libjust treaties have been forced upon China because erties of men and who expresses those liberties of China's treatment of missionaries. This move- in His Gospel and in His kingdom. ment has been fused in the purposes of imperialism. We acknowledge it with sorrow. But that Retain All That Is Good and True period of entanglement with the political imperialisms is at an end. Never again will treaties We believe that each nation has something to be forced upon China because of China's treat- contribute to the collective life of our race. We ment of missionaries. Christian missions are un- go, then, to the nations of the earth, not trying to doing what has been done, and the whole pressure wipe out their culture, their past. Much of that of Christian enterprise is to give men liberties culture will pass away with the impact of fuller and freedom. It is the passionate belief that lies knowledge. What is false in those religions will at the heart of the missionary enterprise that be dissolved in the face of truth, but nothing every man is of infinite worth. good, nothing true, nothing beautiful shall perish if men and women accept Jesus Christ, for He If any people in these United States say that said, "I came not to destroy, but to fulfill." He they do not believe in Christian missions, they would gather up unto Himself all the beautiful should be willing to go back to where they were things, the splendid touches, the genius of each before Christian missions touched them. And if nation, gather up into Himself-not destroying,

but perfecting all that is good and true and beau- A church that has a living unity has authority tiful. We can go to the nations of the earth with in a world that is looking for unity. If we can't a new sense of friendship, and at the same time get together as denominations, how can we de- believing that we have a message to them that mand that the world get together as nations? We Jesus Christ completes everything good in any believe that the missionary enterprise comes to nation anywhere. you with a new passionate belief in the unity of the Christian world, and we would build up a I believe the last vestige of connection of the great sense of Christian solidarity that would missionary enterprise with political imperialism hold together every fine thing that each denomiwas severed at the Jerusalem Conference. For the nation can contribute to the whole, but bound tofirst two or three days we analyzed until we were gether with a broad Christian brotherhood that paralyzed. We were suffering from what some- transcends all of this. There is no denomination body has called "paralysis of analysis." But at that had any corner on the saints. God seems to the end of those two weeks, as we sat at the feet work through denominations-sometimes, in of Jesus Christ and looked into His thoughts, we spite of them. If that hurts your denominational concluded that we had a message the world could pride it may help your Christian humility. We not do without and live. No missionary move- are deeply grateful for the denominations which ment has set its face toward the rights of all men, have nurtured us and given us spiritual birth, but and the liberties of all men. we step out and say: "It may be that the Chris- tian missionaries will force us at the home base But somebody says: While the missionary to come together because we believe that the movement may not be political imperialism, isn't world is searching for real unity." it denominational imperialism? Isn't it marked by the desire to build up vast denominations? Is not spiritual imperialism desire to manage There is some truth in that alliance. Christian other people's minds and souls in their supposed missions grew up at the time when denominations interests? There is a good deal of that in Chrisexpanded greatly in the West, and they have tian missions at home and abroad, because of the sometimes used this movement for the purposes type of teaching we give our young people. We tell of statistics. our young people that they must go out and be- come leaders. Get a dozen people together, all of Christ Greater Than Sects But today in the East, Christianity is begin- whom have been taught to be leaders, and you ning to recognize that there is something bigger have the stage set for confusion and strife, and than the question of being a Baptist or a Meth- for position, and power. Jesus (according to odist or a Presbyterian or anything else. There Moffet) said, "Be ye not called leaders." The is the question of being a Christian! What great attitude of the leader is, "I lead; you follow." It advantage is it 'to you whether you are a Meth- is a selfish attitude, therefore cannot be Christian. odist or Episcopal or anything else, in the light of Jesus said, "Be ye called servants." The attitude the question as to whether Jesus Christ or Karl of the servant is that he loses himself in a cause Marx shall hold the destiny of China? As we outside of himself. Jesus said, "I can Christianize have dropped down beneath the level of organ- that attitude." The world is tired of leaders. ization, down to the level of experience, we have Again and again they plunge us into war to satisdiscovered that the true Christian Church is the fy their ambitions. The world is sick of the desire most united body on earth, if we only knew it. to be leaders. It is perishing for servants! Per- Weare united in the deepest thing in life-name- ishing for men and women who lose themselves in the needs of humanity, forgetting themselves ly, in life itself. We share in Jesus Christ a life as the Master did. He said, "I am among you as that overleaps the barriers of race and class and one who serves. I came not to be ministered unto, congregation and denomination, and holds us to but to minister and to give myself a ransom for the deepest brotherhood that this world knows many." anything about-the brotherhood of a new life in Christ. The Supremacy of the Servant It is a strange anomoly that people who are Then what happens? That Servant of all be- most united at the center are sometimes most comes the greatest of all. He rises up with a new divided at the circumference. We, therefore, say kind of leadership, out of hurt and pain, out of to the Christian Church: "Brothers, we are one. the Cross. On Easter morning He rises to a new Let's act and love as if we were one. Do away leadership. The Servant of all becomes the Great- with all. duplications, and all competitions, all est of all. If, therefore, you are sending out self- overlappmg, and face this whole world Christian appointed leaders, we don't want them. But if program with the sense of the solidarity of the you can send out men and women who will lose Christian forces of the world." themselves in the great needs of the East, in Heav-

THE UNIVERSALITY OF CHRIST

en's name send them! The East is perishing for in prayer, that we, too, might have more of Christ servants. in our lives. The very act of giving to others is a There is another thing working against this conscious or unconscious prayer that His Life motive. We have discovered by actual fact that may be more operative in our own lives. But the we cannot succeed in being missionaries unless man who makes that objection doesn't say to we succeed in becoming marginal. No longer at science, for instance, "Science, you dare not pass the center, managing affairs, but on the margin, your science to the rest of the world until the sum stimulating, spiritualizing, culturers and helpers total of the findings of science are operative in of the situation; always trying to produce men America." The fact of the matter is that the find- and women who will stand upon their own feet ings of science are far beyond the application of and succeed only as we succeed in producing science to our collective life. The science of med- Christ-conscious, Spirit-directed, self-supporting icine is far beyond the application of medicine to churches in the East. our collective life, yet we do not hesitate to give We need the kind of mentality at the home base our science to the rest of the world. There is al- that is willing to contribute, even where they ways a gap between the findings of a thing and can't manage. We want the kind of spirit God the application of that thing. There is a gap be- guided, at the home base that feels that it is true tween Jesus Christ and our collective manifesta- success when we succeed in producing the kind of tion of Jesus Christ. We do not ask the nations churches in the East that stand as living, vital of the earth to become American; all we ask centers, courageous and self-supporting. In other them to do is to become Christian, and maybe in words, the price of your support should not be becoming Christian they will help us to become that you manage the whole thing. Give liberties more Christian. That is what we crave.

to men and women, give them liberties sufficient The question is, Has Jesus Christ a supply to enable God to help them develop their own which is universally redemptive? Will men be recharacteristics and their own life; then it may deemed if they will give Him a chance? We bebe that outt>f that liberty shall come back to us a lieve He has that abundant supply of life, and great contribution. I do not want merely to go to that in Jesus Christ, wherever groups and nathe East, I want the East to come to us. tions and individuals have exposed themselves to There are multitudes of men and women in the Him, there will come a redemptive power that East who have caught the passion and victory of will lift, change, redeem and make new.

Christ. These men and women can give the Gos- Not Ourselves But Christ pel to help us complete the uncompleted work and task of evangelism of America, so that there will We preach not ourselves but Jesus Christ, and be no more distinction between a "giving coun- then we are your servants for Jesus' sake. But try" and "receiving country," but we will all be somebody says it may not be spiritual impergiving and we will all be receiving. Out of that tinence. Mahatma Gandhi raises an objection. process will rise a fuller, finer type of Christian He says that there should be no change in reli- manhood, out of the twain shall he become a new gion. In an interview with some American newsman in Jesus Christ. paper men he said, "If the missionaries were to Another objection is that somebody says that it use their hospitals and schools for the purpose of may not be spiritual imperialism, but spiritual proselytizing, then when we attain self-govern- impertinence to go to people of other lands, when ment we would ask them to withdraw." His last our task at home is uncomplete. A man said, word modified his first and he said: "Under self- "You never export a thing unless you have a sur- government the missionary would not be allowed plus of that thing. Do you mean to say that you to proselytize if we feel it is done in the wrong have a surplus of Christianity in America, that way." But we have no desire to proselytize. Pros- you dare export it?" We have no surplus of elytizm, or a mere outward change of association, Christianity in America, but unless we try to is unchristian. Jesus said to the religious lead- bring others to Christ our own Christianity will ers of His day, "You compass sea and land and die upon our hands. If the individual centers up- gain a proselyte, and when you have gained him on himself to Christianize himself, he will be de- you are twofold more a child of Hell than him- Christianized in the process. self."

If a group or church should center upon itself On the other hand, Jesus definitely and specif- to Christianize. itself, it would perish in the proc- ically demanded conversion. He said, "Except a ess. If a nation should center upon itself to Chris- man be born again he cannot see the Kingdom of tianize itself, it would dry up in the process. God." There is a distinction between conversion Our very stretched-out hands across the seas and proselytizm. Proselytizm is the coming over are in the end a putting of those hands together from one sect or group or opinion to another

group or sect or OpInIOn without any necessary the very nature of the Gospel which I hold. Freechange in heart allegiance or character. It is a ly did I receive, freely must I give. There is a change of label, not of life. We repudiate pros- deep discipline in the Gospel, a disCipline of the elytizm but we insist upon conversion, for con- love of Christ; but primarily it is the gift of version involves a change in character-a deep, God. The Gospel is not so much a demand as it fundamental, all-embracing change in life. is an offer, an offer of new life to man by the grace of God. The moment this life takes hold of One business of the Christian Church is to pro- a man he comes under a discipline so severe that duce conversion, and when the Christian Church it is far deeper than self-discipline. can no longer show conversions it has lost its right to live and its power to propagate. When Gandhi has another objection. This time, he it can no longer make a good man out of a bad says: "If you speak about your religion, don't man, and a weak man into a strong man, and a speak about it in words. Use the most perfect man without God-consciousness into a man ra- method of evangelism-let it come out of the life, diant with God, it has lost its function in human as the perfume comes from the rose. As missionsociety. The whole structure of human life is aries and as Christian workers draw people by resting upon that subtle, intangible thing called your deeds. But do not speak about it." character. And when the character breaks, the confidence breaks, and when the confidence breaks Witness of Lips and Life the country breaks. If the Christian Church cannot so present Jesus Chris,t and His Gospel so as There is something valuable in this suggestion. to make men and women of Christlike character, The West has organized religion too much around if any religion does not make bad men good, it words. Our places of worship are called "audihas lost its right to exist. We have, therefore, no toriums." Our services are services of song, prayapologies for trying to produce conversion. We er, speech-words. Somebody asked a Chinese believe that wherever men and women and in- what he thought of the Christian religion. He dividuals and nations expose themselves recep- said, "It is a very talkative religion." There is tively to Jesus Christ, their conversion does take something in what he says. Gandhi snid, "Let us place to the degree that He is received. have a moratorium on words." There is some- thing in his objections-but not everything. "We want to do something deeper and more fundamental than proselytizing." Conversion is Jesus Christ did use the rose-perfume method. not only the conversion of an individual-that "He went about doing good." He did good beconversion is as far extended as human need. cause men needed it, and the resources of His Just as' there can be sin in the individual will, heart were big enough to meet that need. He went there can be sin in the collective will. Shall we about doing good, but He did more than that. He rescue the wounded in war or strike at the war interpreted words by acts. The words of His lips system, too? Shall we pick up the drunkards or and the deeds of His life were one. They caJrne tostrike at the liquor traffic, too? The Christian gether like the words and music of a song. His Gospel reapplied would mean a conversion, not deeds were words and His words were deeds, and merely of the individual, but of the sum total of they all came together and became the Living human life. Conversion-the Kingdom of God Word. coming-replacing the present world order, founded as it is on exploitations and on unbroth- We would say to Mahatma Gandhi, If we are erliness-we could replace by an order founded true to Christ we will invest this message with on good will, the Brotherhood of Man under the the sum total of our lives, and that includes our Fatherhood of God. This is the conversion for words. It is only when our words are rooted in which the Kingdom of God stands. facts that we dare speak them.

The Christian life is primarily not an attain- A man came to' me in India and said, "Why do ment, but an obtainment. The gift of God came to you go after people to baptize them?" I replied, me when I had nothing to offer except my bank- "I don't. They come to ask me to baptize them. I ruptcy. I came to Jesus Christ hurt, confused, put no label on a man that does not correspond to bankrupt. I offered Him what I had, and to my an inward fact." The man who has the reality utter amazement and astonishment He took me, has a right to outwardly proclaim it and to enjoy forgave me, cleansed me, loosed me from the old any group where it will be cultivated. The inbonds, set my soul singing its way down these ward without the outward is also hypocrisy. The years. By His grace was I made whole. life, speaking one thing, has a right to live it out.

I dare to speak of that because I simply am lay- But somebody offers one final objection: ing at His feet the tribute of my gratitude and "Aren't they getting along well enough without my life. I could not keep silence without denying Jesus Christ?"

I can not find anyone anywhere getting along well enough without Jesus Christ in East or West.

1938J THE UNIVERSALITY OF CHRIST

I cannot do it. In fellowship with Him I truly thirsty and ye gave me drink; I was sick and ye live. I go to the nations of the East because they are a part of the world, not because they are not visited me; in prison, and ye came to me." most degraded but because they are brother men. "Lord," they say, "when saw we ye hungry or A man said to me, "How do you talk to theos- thirsty? Sick or in prison? We never saw Thee 6phists?" I don't-I talk to people. And I don't this way." And the Master says "Inasmuch as go to speak to Hindus and Mohammedans-I go to speak to men with the same inward needs that ye have done it unto one of the least of these, ye I have. I do not go to the people of the East be- 'cause they are the worst of the world, I go to have done it unto Me." . them because they are men for whom Christ died. That, it seems to me, is the legitimate reason for Who is it that is hungry in the hunger of the going. There are degradations in the East just as there are degradations in the West. As I have world? The Christ hungers again. Who is it that sat in round-table conferences and heard noble is bound with the shackles of custom and sin and men tell what religion was meaning or not mean- evil? In them Christ is still bound? At the Cross ing to them, I have come to the conclusion that not only any man at his worst needs Christ, but He gathered all up into His own heart, until every man at his finest and best needs Him. Christ and the human soul were made for each other just as man's trouble became His trouble, and every the lungs were made for air, the eyes for light, the man's pain His pain, and every man's sin His heart for love, and the esthetic nature for beauty. Jesus Christ and the human soul were made for sin. He bore it in His own body upon the Tree. each other, and when we find Him we find not There, it seems to me, is the meaning of the unionly the Way of Life, but Life itself. I desperately wish everyone to have that life. verse. There is the meaning of Life. We live in proportion as we respond with deeper and deeper The Cross and the Motive sensitiveness. This is the test by which we can If I were to point out the deepest places where my missionary motive is found, I would point to judge. a Cross. For the Cross, to me, is the place where I see deepest into the universe. There the uni- How much life is there in our churches? That verse turns redemptive, forgiving all, bearing all, is the great question that comes home to us. healing all, and turning the whole of life into tri- Judge by this standard. Many churches are about umph. It is at the Cross where we see the heart the spiritual level of the vegetable. Dead beets, of the missionary passion, for there is the place of the heartbreak of God. There is where love, pure, if you will. No sensitiveness beyond themselves, holy love, comes into contact with words, sign and need. There we begin to see love reaching and proud of that fact. The missionary moveout as far as the human need, and taking all into ment, with all its faults (and it has many) is the God's own heart bearing all and forgiving all. reaching up of arms and saying, "We are trying Someone has defined "Life" as "sensitiveness." to be Christian; we are trying to be sensitive on It is a great definition. The lower down the scale of living you go the less sensitiveness you find. a world scale, and in trying to do so we are be- The stone is numb; there is no life. The plant ginning to try to catch something of the passion has some sensitiveness, therefore some life. The animal has more, therefore more life. When you that our Lord and Master held." I cannot see come to Man you find the sensitiveness ranging out beyond itself, beyond its group, its nation, and how we can keep that passion in our hearts and to God and the larger life reaches out to man. The more sensitiveness, the more life. The high- not reach out to the last man everywhere. est, greatest life that has been lived upon our planet, is Jesus Christ. There we find the su- The moment I rose the day I was converted I preme sensitiveness. On the last day He will say, felt an impulse in my heart that I had never "Come, ye blessed of my Father, inherit the kingdom prepared for you from the foundations of known before. Five minutes before I had had no the world. I was hungered and ye fed me; I was such impulse. The impulse was that I wanted to share with everybody, and put my arms around the world arid share the Gospel with everybody. My missionary motive today is that; deepened, broadened, but still there. I do not see any place to stop witnessing this side of the last human being. This desire should be held in the heart as a great consuming power. The center of the whole thing is the heart. I believe that such a passion shows the heartbeat of Jesus Christ. In Him is enough power to heal the individual, the social, the eco- nomic, the political needs of the world. I know no other power.

Jesus Christ stands and says, "Come unto Me and enter My Kingdom." Are you willing to make inward surrender of your whole self to Him -your money, your brain, your hand, your life? If so you will follow Him and your life will never be the same. You will have new joy and freedom and power.

of the Churches in

By REV. AKIRA EBISAW A, Tokyo, Japan ExecutitJe Secretary of the National Christian Council of Japan T HE Christian churches of Japan have made It may sound strange for us to speak of such striking progress in the brief time since the a radical change. But every living organism is opening of missions here in 1859. From the destined to grow and is subject to vital changes. very early days these churches have been charac- We believe in the God of Creation, who works terized by a self-governing church polity, pro- even today. We cannot measure the creative moted under the leadership of missionary and work of God in terms of the status quo or hold Japanese leaders. the idea that there can be no development of new We realize, however, that the Christian Church features in the realm of the Church. We should in Japan is not yet fully established. It is only hope and expect that a newly emerging Christian partially represented by the communions trans- Church will develop new forms in a new environplanted to Japanese soil from the Western World. ment.

While the various denominational churches The organization, methodology, and functions represent very important branches of the Body of of the churches in the field must be defined in the Christ, with their historic characteristics, yet light of their environment, they should be rethese divisions often seem meaningless and are a organized so as to accord with the national trastumbling block to the Oriental mind. Japanese dition and be adapted to their indigenous cultural do not understand why the Christian churches are heritage. thus divided. Many things need to be re-examined. For in- Very serious problems are confronting the stance in Japan, the custom of religious congrechurches in the Japan field at present. The en- gational public worship never existed until the vironment of these churches, influenced by the Christian church service was introduced. Our cultural heritage of the nation, is necessarily in- forefathers were accustomed to individual worfluencing their inner life. ship ·and to occasional festivals. Thus the Roman Catholic form of worship seems better adapted to The age-long struggle of the Western churches our people than the Protestant congregational of Europe against the Greco-Roman materialistic services. Moreover, offerings in connection with humanism is being repeated to some extent even public worship have been alien to our people. in Japan. Bushido emphasized the virtue of righteousness Generally speaking, churches in the Orient are and sacrifice and disdained utilitarianism. It placed in an environment characterized by vari- looked with contempt upon the motive of personal ous forms of culture and by the presence of the profit and gain. Little wonder that even in this other great ethnic religions. This brings new fea- highly economic-minded age there are people who tures into the struggle which the Oriental young- think that it is not pious nor Christian to speak er churches are experiencing. This presents a of monetary matters during a religious service or new problem to the churches in this field and right even to take the purse to the house of wor- gives hope and promise that the outcome will be ship.

the enrichment of their inner life. Although gradually the Western industrial These considerations suggest that some intrin- order is affecting and destroying the old social sic value must be developed on the part of these system and is replacing it with an individualistic churches that will adapt them to the cultural mode of life, the family system still has a strong heritage and social environment in their native hold on the life of the Japanese. This makes it fields, without losing anything of their Christian customary for only the head of the family to en- character. joy economic independence, the other members It must be admitted that we should re-examine all being dependent. As a result the system of and re-evaluate our church organization, its meth- offerings by individual members of a church is ods of activity and its relationships, in the light almost meaningless.

of the national cultural tradition and the chang- Creative imagination on the part of Western ing environment. people, inspired by religious insight, has erected [532 ] such wonderful structures as St. Paul's Cathedral lives. This often makes the distinction between and Notre Dame. But why should Christian Christians and non-Christians obscure and insigchurch architecture throughout the world con- nificant. form to Gothic forms or wholly Western style? The New Testament conception of the church The lack of a strong devotional motive makes does not indicate such patterns. It rather sug- many feel that it is a burden to bear the respongests that the Church universal is composed of sibility of rendering service and giving in supsmall units, meeting in the homes of the believers. port of the Church. Another excuse, which has some truth in it, is that the Church at present is The Church universal, as an ideal spiritual so- dealing with things that are too trifling as comciety, must be made clear to the mind of con- pared with the momentous matters which are agitemporary Christians, especially of the younger tating humanity. This does not appeal to the imchurches. This is well defined by Dr. Wm. A. agination nor sound the depths of life for minds Brown, as follows: that are alert.

It must never be suffered to obscure the fact that the In view of these unhealthy tendencies, we are Church of Christ exists today as definite body in the per- endeavoring to promote an interest on the part sons of the men and women who have been touched by of church members in the training of the laity for His spirit, and who live for the ends which He approves. voluntary evangelism and in Christian steward- This spiritual society, creating institutions, but not it- ship as features of our Nation-Wide Union Evanself perfectly comprehended or expressed by any, is the gelistic Campaign. true Church of Christ. (Brown: "Christian Theology in Outline," Ch. V. p. 59.) Self-Support and Self-Government The members of the Re-Thinking Missions Self-support and self-government on the part Commission define the Church in a way which of the churches have usually been taken as synwill help to clarify the conception of the Chris- onymous among Christian people throughout the tians in the field regarding it. world. A clear distinction should be made be- tween them. A Christian's property belongs to The Church is to be thought of as a spiritual fellow- God and God's money may be used anywhere for ship and communion of those who have found a new His Kingdom without reference to racial or naspring of life and power by the impact of the Christian tional differences. message, who are eager to join together as a living, growing body of believers through whom the ideals and the A policy of self-government is imperative for spirit of Christ can be transmitted and His principles of the churches in the field if we wish them to devellife promoted, then that type of Church will always have op as the Church of Christ. But the problem of a function in the work of building the Kingdom of God self-support must be considered in the light of the whether on the mission field or at home. ("Re-Thinking activities and functions of the church. Some Missions," Ch. V. p. 109.) churches tend to overemphasize self-support, with the result that the local churches crystallize Owing to the lack of proper training in such a into small-sized organizations, with no possibility fundamental conception of the Church, the young- of an expanding life and influence necessary for er churches are facing a grave danger at present. self-propagation. It is a pity to see dwarfed or That danger is the general trend among the crippled local churches losing their activities Christians of growing indifference toward the and ceasing to appeal to the general public. organized churches. Forced self-support does not prove to be self- Among the causes that have contributed to this support at all. It often means that the pastor is tendency, we mention a few for which we should obliged to support himself by some form of side feel responsibility. The Japanese have a feeling work. It is a mistake to demand self-support of distaste for the too highly institutionalized without considering the real strength of the local church life which tends to give the impression church as related to its environment. The church, that it is too conventional and has an artificiality in the New Testament meaning, should be organwhich bears a secular flavor. ized in every small town and village and even in the homes of the believers. This tendency may also be due to the fact that the churches are losing their strong leaders in Owing to an overemphasis on self-support on the ministry. This may seem partly inevitable in the one hand, and to a lack of the conception of these days because of the greatly changed social Christian stewardship-the training for which is environment as compared with the pioneer days quite new among the younger churches-on the when the missionary and indigenous leaders were other, many local churches are suffering greatly conspicuous figures. It must be admitted that because of the economic problem. The result is consciously or unconsciously contemporary Chris- that churches tend to be governed by the motive tians are influenced by the secular, materialistic, of group egoism while the individual church individual thought, and are losing the idealistic, self-forgetting, sacrificial motive in their daily

members themselves are likewise influenced by activities necessary to meet the needs of the compersonal egoism. munity at large and can fulfill their responsibility as witnessing churches. We must continually re- Many economic problems are at present con- mind Christians of the fundamental unified charfronting the younger churches. In Oriental acter of the churches of the different communions homes, where the traditional family system pre- in accordance with the conception of the Church vails, the father, as the wage earner, usually defined by Dr. William Adams Brown. holds the purse and other members of the family get money from him. Yet the Protestant As the religious society which finds its bond of union Churches, in spite of this traditional Japanese in Jesus of Nazareth, the Church is one. . . . Beneath custom are supported on the basis of individual the outward divisions and misunderstandings which sepcontributions, in accordance with the custom in arate different bodies of Christians there is a common Western lands. religious experience which is shared by all whose lives are lived under the influence of the Master, and which Another problem perplexing city churches is unites in sympathy, labor, and prayer, good men in every the fact that, owing to changes in the environ- branch of the Church. It is ,this common religious life, ment, members are moving to the suburbs and it uniting in spiritual fellowship men of different ecclesiasis becoming increasingly difficult to bring the tical names and of none, which is the real foundation of family to the mother church every Sunday be- the unity of the Church. (Brown: "Christian Theology cause of the transportation costs and other ex- in Outline," p. 59.) penses. Notwithstanding these difficulties, it is an encouraging fact that the annual giving of the There is also the problem of church union. churches in Japan in recent years. amounts to "Divided churches cannot conquer the unified about 2,500,000 yen, or 12.50 yen per capita. This world." The way to win the world is to consoliis a good ratio when compared with the reported date the Church's divided forces, under the leadgiving of New York church members last year. ership and power of the Spirit of God.

Another problem is the question as to what con- In Japan we have been carrying forward a stitutes real cooperation between older and study regarding a basis for union ever since 1925. younger churches? Of course cooperation, through We have been swung back and forth over the fellowship or in conferences, does not begin problem of a creed. Our people now seem to realwhere financial support from the church at the ize that to begin by planning for organic union home base is cut off. Real f!'lllowship and cooper- will get us nowhere. There must first be spiritation can be established without regard to finan- ual unity in Christ. We are now inclined to start cial relations. Younger churches can not be said with a federated union as has been the case with to cooperate satisfactorily with the older churches the Church of Christ in China. Dr. Stanley Jones at the home base as long as they exist on a poor has suggested a similar procedure. economic level and with a crippled independence. Real cooperation should begin when the younger We see a possibility for the realization of churches on th~ field are able to maintain the Christian union if we proceed along this line for the coming ten-year period by uniting in work which has no direct concern with a creed.

GOD CHOOSES BUSY MEN FOR HIS WORK When God has work to be done we notice that He almost always goes to those who are al- ready at work. Both his,tory and the Bible attest this truth.

Moses was tending his flocks at Horeb when God called him to deliver the people of Is- rael from bondage in Egypt.

Gideon was threshing wheat by the wine press when God called him to deliver Israel from the Midianites.

David was caring for his father's sheep w hen he was called to succeed Saul as king.

Elisha was plowing with twelve yoke of oxen when he was called to succeed Elijah as prophet of God in Israel. .

Nehemiah was bearing the king's cup when he was called to go to rebuild Jerusalem.

Amos was attending the flock when he was summoned to be a prophet of God.

Peter and Andrew were casting a net into the sea when Christ called them to become fishers of men.

Matthew was collecting customs when he was called to be a disciple.

Saul was persecuting the church when he was commissioned to be a missionary of Christ.

William Carey was mending shoes when he heard the call to be a foreign missionary.

for the Church in India*

By B. L. RALLIA RAM, ESQ.

Secretary of the Young Men's Christian Association, Lahore CHRISTIAN influence has streamed into In- the word "church" in this article refers to the dia in four different channels: sum-total of all the "churches," for, with all the First: According to the traditions of divergent doctrines, traditions and practices, they the Syrian Church Christianity was originally do owe allegiance to one Lord and Master and preached in India, by the Apostle St. Thomas, in unitedly proclaim His name. In spite of the ex- the states of Travancore and Cochin, early in the istence of many "churches," there is yet an entity, Christian Era. The Church thus established, how- intangible though it may seem, which may be ever, was not alive to its missionary obligations. called "The Church of Christ in India."

It was handicapped by the political situation and The "Christian Community" consists of mem- by lack of communications so that its influence bers of the Christian churches and those who was confined to a small section of the country. nominally belong to the Christian community, Considerably weakened by divisions and internal having been born in homes known as Christian. disputes, in some respects it followed too closely According to the present political constitution of some of the painfully dark episodes in the history India, "The Christian Community" is a separate of the Church elsewhere. political entity with rights of special representa- tion in the national and provincial legislatures Second: In the Sixteenth Century the Portu- through voting constituencies of its own. This gese Roman Catholics inaugurated an era of rapid implies that in many places it is also a separate Christianization of India. Under their influence social entity. the work of St. Francis Xavier and the Jesuites in South India met with an apparent success. The This system leads to unfortunate results. It is, means used to convert people were not, however, however, gratifying to note that there are many always fair and honest. The Church in India un- Christian leaders who regret this political isolatil recently was preponderatingly Roman Cath- tion imposed by the award of the government. olic, but the Protestant influence has been There is an increasing number of Indian Chrissteadily increasing. and the Protestant Christians tians who are working shoulder to shoulder with now are numerically more than the Roman Cath- their countrymen for general social, political and olics. moral improvement. Raj Kumari Amrit Kaur, the talented daughter of the late Sir Raja Harnam Third: Early in the Eighteenth Century a Prot- Singh (a notable Christian convert from the famestant mission arrived in the South of India un- ily of a ruling chief), is the acknowledged leader der the inspiration of the King of Denmark, with of the Women's Movement in India. Two of the the financial help of an Anglican society. Its per- trusted lieutenants of Mahatma Gandhi, in charge sonnel was German. The large Lutheran Church of two of his important social and economic deof South India, the United Church of South India, partments, are Indian Christians. From this it the Anglican Church with its several dioceses will be seen that in common usage the term "Inare the direct result of this pioneering mission. dian Church" is sometimes applied to the com- munity known to the political and social life as Fourth: A century later groups of Protestant "The Indian Christians." missionaries were sent at short intervals by the English Baptists, the Church Missionary Society, Here we are mainly concerned with the organand the London Missionary Society. They were ized Christian Churches, though the second consoon reinforced by Americans and others. Thus ception associated with the term "Indian Church" there are now several Evangelical Christian cannot altogether be avoided. churches deeply rooted in the soil of India.

Technically there is no one Christian CHURCH Characteristics of the Church in India in India, but a large number of "churches." But It is impossible to deal here adequately with the • Mr. Basil Mathew gives a significant title to one of his recent CsauhbfuJe'rewccht .aosfpeCchtsrisotf in India. We can refer only to books "The Church Takes Root in India." This happy phrase aptly a very large and complicated describes the present position of the Christian Church in India.

B. L. R. A.

[ 5351

Except for the church in Malabar, the Church agating Churches." It is essential, therefore, that of Christ in India owes its existence to the labors the help from abroad should be so used as to of missionaries sent out by the churches of the achieve this ideal as speedily as possible. It is West. These "sending churches" have been main- universally recognized now that the ultimate suc- ly responsible for the nourishment and the devel- cess in Christianizing India must depend upon the opment of the Church in India. Each church is efforts of the indigenous Church itself. It alone dependant still upon their "mother" church for can be a truly effective witness to the Indians of help. Missionaries play an important role in the the saving power of Christ. Its life of witness life of the Church. Financial help is given to will win India for Christ. The most important maintain its indigenous ministry and its institu- aspect, therefore, of the development of the tions and forms of service. The different churches Church is its response to the challenge to evan- are in various stages of development. gelism.

In main there are two kinds of church organ- The Church and Evangelism izations: Some churches have already become When the missions were first started it was autonomous, though not fully self-supporting. In considered necessary to employ paid Indian evan- the South, a strong "South India United Church" gelists, and to keep them under their own control. includes the Presbyterian and Congregational. This system may have been necessary in the ear- Corresponding to it there is a similar "United lier stages, but its continued and prolonged ex- Church of North India." The Church of India, Burma and Ceylon, which is in fellowship with istence is likely to mitigate against the fulfilment of the legitimate work of the Church itself. the World-wide Anglican Communion, has attained its independence by an Act of the British In some places, the mission is separately organ- , Parliament. These and several other churches are ized as an evangelistic agency, with its own Inautonomous; they are in full communion with dian workers, while the Church is left with the the corresponding churches of the West and are pastoral work. While missionaries can exert receiving help from them. their influence (and sometimes unduly large in- fluence) in the matters left to the Church, the Other churches are exemplified by the Meth- mission policy remains the sole concern of the odist Episcopal Church and the United Presby- mission. This often creates a strain, acting adterian Church. They still form a part of the versely on the spiritual life of the Church, and American churches and their highest court is out- consequently weakens the sense of evangelistic side India. These churches are being given an responsibility. But there is an increasing realizaincreased measure of responsibility, without the tion of this danger and the systems are being final authority. We do not seek to evaluate the overhauled and adjusted so as to throw the rerelative merits of these two systems. sponsibility of evangelization upon all the lay membership of the Church, where it rightfully Christianity in India reflects the character of belongs. the churches of the West, to which the churches in India owe an everlasting debt, not only for their existence, but also for support and guidance. Next in importance to evangelization, is the This dependence of the Church in India on the responsibility of the Church for its own life and Western churches has also been responsible for the administration of its own institutions as a many difficult problems. In some ways it has "self-propagating and self-governing" Church. handicapped the Church, and it has retarded The responsibility for administration is somehealthy growth. This was inevitable. On the one times related to the financial support it can prohand the Church in India could not have reached vide for the maintenance of the enterprise, and it its present stage without help; on the other hand is mistakenly contended that self-government and it has grown under the shadow of a large tree self-support are inter-dependent. Such a mechanwith an apparent loss of spontaneity. This has ical system tends to make the Church dependent upon material resources rather than upon spiritstunted its stature. The danger has lain and still lies in the way ual realities.

this help is given. Very often an undue stress is A recent conference held on "Self-Support" at laid on the financial relationship between the Nagpur, under the auspices of the National Chris- Churches of India and the Western Churches. tian Council, provides a Iseful study for those While this relationship is of great importance, in who are interested in this problem.

the last analysis it is not the vital factor. There The Churches of Christ in the world must al- has been considerable progress in "self-support" ways be interdependant and, therefore, depend- of the Churches of India. ence of the Church in India upon other Churches, From the early stages of their work, missions in itself is not wrong provided care is taken that have set before themselves the goal of creating this dependence does not inflict a moral injury "self-governing, self-supporting, and self-prop- and stunt the growth of a healthy normal plant.

OUTLOOK FOR THE CHURCH IN INDIA

There are some dangers to which the Church India. Recently surveys have been made into the of India is exposed at the present time: economic conditions of the Christian community in several parts of the country. Some of these There is a danger that the Church may in fu- surveys have been undertaken at the initiative of ture be entirely in the hands of an hierachy of the National Missionary Society. A study of these the clergy and other paid workers. While it is is most instructive. Dr. E. D. Lucas and Mr. the privilege of the ministry of the Church to Frank Thakur Dass made an economic enquiry teach, to guide and to serve, the spiritual driving into the conditions of the community in Pasrur power must come through spirit-filled laity; un- Tehsil in the Punjab and discovered that the avertil the lay element are given their due share in age income of a Christian family of five is about the government of the Church, and in the forma- $40 a year, or $3.50 a month. It is the glory of tion of its ideals, the Church can never achieve its the Christian Church that it has brought the mesobject. sage of release from the bondage to these poor people. That the Church in India is poor is not Business and professional men are not exerting a reproach, but is a matter for thankfulness. the degree of influence in affairs of the Church to Problems arising out of this fact, however, must which they are entitled. This needs to be cor- be courageously faced. Is economic poverty in acrected. cordance with the mind of Christ? Is not this problem of the extreme poverty of Christian vil- It is possible that the help of men and women lage communities a challenge to the Church? from abroad may be used in such a way as to hamper rather than help the emergence of a truly The Church in India Is a Growing Church independent Church. It is a significant fact that there have been no heresies developed in the India is one of those countries where populachurches of India. This probably means that tion is increasing rapidly. This creates a national there has been no independent thinking in the problem. Every community, in a natural way, is Church itself. The Church has produced many increasing. In 10 years (1921-1931) the poppersons who by their ability and spiritual leader- ulation of India increased by 14 per cent, but ship have taken their places in the front rank; but the Christian community and the membership of there is an urgent call for more leaders who are the Christian Church is increasing much faster. able to think and act independently in accordance During the decade 1921-31, the increase of the with the highest principles. The best way that Indian Christian community, according to the help from abroad can be given is to train and re- natural process, should have been 157,355, but it lease Christian personalities who will take the actually was 1,542,684. This has been true in responsibility of guiding the Church in India. every census report.

The life and work of men 'like the Bishop of Since 1931 reports from the churches reveal the Dornakal and the late Mr. K. T. Paul have done fact that a large number of people are continuing more to establish the Christian Church in India to turn to Christ through mass movements. These than the work of many a foreign worker. movements, well described by Bishop Pickett, are no longer from the lowest strata of society only, New Challenge but in certain sections, particularly in the diocese of Dornakal and the Nizam's Dominion, groups The Church in India may become exclusively from the highest castes of Hinduism are also ennational and conservative. The Church in the tering in the Christian Church. This welcome en- West is being confronted with a new challenge by largement of the Church in India must bring new the problems of the modern world. It is being challenges and many new problems. forced to rethink and relive, and to rededicate. The Church in India is, to a considerable extent, Conversion to Christianity in this way of large outside the currents of new thoughts. Its con- groups is fraught with many dangers and if the tact with <Ecumenical movements of the present Church in India does not have the resources to age is meager. If it is to fulfill its destiny, and if give adequate teaching and to provide essential it is to discharge its God-given responsibility, its opportunities for the nourishment and developgrowth must be harmonious and not lopsided. In ment of their Christian life, the Indian Church true and unwaning fidelity to Christ and His may well sink into lower depths. It might easily teaching it must assimilate all that is best and become another religious system. Thus while the challenging in its great heritage of the history of mass movements are providing great encouragethe Church throughout the ages, the spiritual ment they are potentially also the source of great heritage of India, and also the stirring of the danger. spirit in modern times. At the present time the Christian community in The Church of India is poor in comparison with India is only one per cent of the total population. the churches of other countries. It is poor in There is still a vast field to be evangelized by the comparison with other religious communities in

Christian enterprise, but its greatest opportunity greatest opportunity it will be a tragedy. On the does not come from that side alone. As a result of other hand if the Church is faithful to its message the recent world forces a new nation has been and can serve its country with the spirit and zeal born in India pulsating with life and anxiously of the Master, then India will make a contribudesirous to make its contribution to world civil- tion to the world whose importance cannot be exization and world culture. India is beginning to aggerated. There are tremendous possibilities for think in world terms and looks upon itself in the the future. setting of a new world. In India the Christian Church is face to face with three or four virile, The World Conference at Tambaram (Madras) aggressive religious systems with their conflict- comes at one of the critical periods of the history ing doctrines of life and action. Will the future of mankind. It is to be hoped that this ingatherof India be guided and moulded by these philos- ing of the leaders of the Christian enterprise from ophies or will the life-giving principles of Christ all the world will release a new Spiritual force give to her a new way of life and action? The which will not only give to the Church in India answer to this question must depend upon the a new vision and new power but we pray that its work and witness of the Churches in India. If clarion call for advance in the name of Christ the Church fails its motherland in the hour of her will penetrate effectively the harassed countries of the Western as well as the Eastern world.

A Saintly Surgeon of India The Story of Sir William Wanless of Mira; By MARGARET McKELLAR, M.D., LL.D.

Toronto, Ontario Missionary to India under the United Church of Canada SOMEONE has said: "If the Taj Mahal is a times Dr. Wanless was decorated by the British dream in marble the Wanless Hospital is a Government, in 1913 receiving the silver Kaiser- dream in the art of healing." Affection for i-hind medal, in 1920 the gold medal and in 1928 a royal spouse was the incentive for the one; love the late King George V conferred upon him the for the Lord Jesus Christ and suffering humanity rank and title of Knight Bachelor of the British was the incentive of the other. Empire, (K.B.E.). These honors were conferred for his distinguished services and humanitarian Multitudes of people traveled thousands of work for the people of India. miles to reach this Mecca of healing. They came not only from India, but from Iran, Iraq, and I landed in India shortly after Dr. Wanless first other countries. arrived. After forty years of medical service, we both left our respective stations within a few Wanless was a household word in many parts months of each other. We worked together in the of India. It is said that more Indian people knew All-India Christian Medical Association, of which the name of the Saintly Surgeon of Miraj than he was the organizer and secretary, then presknew even the name of the Viceroy. If a fellow ident for seventeen years. One day I found mytraveler said that he was going to Miraj you could self in his home, with the late Dr. Arthur Neve of assume that he was going to "Wanless" for the Kashmir and Dame Edith Brown of Ludhiananames were synonymous. both famous surgeons. They were discussing with Sir William the respective merits of certain opera- Sir William James Wanless is a name destined tions, e.g., Colonel Smith's cataract extraction for to live among the names of the world's great sur- which Sir William himself had designed an ingeons, not only in India, where he worked out his strument for extracting .the lens. Today this is on earthly life's purpose with a heavenly meaning, the market as the "Wanless extractor." It was but in the Hall of Fame, established by the Uni- apparent that Sir William had a thorough familversity of New York. He received his medical iarity with the technique of the different varieties degree from that University in 1889, shortly be- of operations. Other members of the medical profore he went to India. In 1916 he became a Fellow of the American College of Surgeons. Three

A SAINTLY SURGEON OF INDIA

fession, British medical service men and mission- Although Dr. Wanless and I were stationed aries, all had confidence in his wisdom and skill. some six hundred miles apart, I took many Euro- pean patients to Miraj for operations. These In response to my question as to how he kept were 100 per cent successful. his surgical instruments from rusting, Sir William answered: "I use them"; and he did to At Miraj operations were the order of the day, splendid purpose. For his skill in surgery he was usually from noon until hours after lamplight, called the "Wizard of India." Even non-Christians when all the cases were finished, with no break except for afternoon tea, served in the operating STAFF AND STUDENTS OF THE MEDWAL SCHOOL, MIRAJ room annex. Foreign staft, seated. Left to Right: Dr. Vail, Dr. Inglis Frost, In the operating theater, Sir William was Rev. R. C. Richardson, Dr. W. J. Wanless. scrupulously observant of antiseptic precautions and would brook no carelessness on the part of recognized his Christlike example and called him his medical assistants or of visiting doctors. I "The Saintly Surgeon." saw him ruffled only twice. Once when defective forceps were flung on the floor and the other time One Indian patient, on being asked why he had when a visiting doctor placed on the tray of sterpassed by Bombay where there are many good ilized instruments an instrument that had been in hospitals and physicians, replied: "Because I was touch with an infected area. told that Dr. Wanless prays before he operates." There is no cemetery for surgical patients at- Once I saw a grateful patient, a mother, whose tached to Miraj Hospital! life he had saved when there was "no hope" for her, kiss him much to his surprise. Often Hindus Like D. L. Moody, our beloved Saintly Surgeon endeavored to kneel and kiss his feet. was a general. He was quick to grasp the situa- tion. He was a man of few words-many deeds. Sir William was not a surgeon who specialized on one organ-the whole body was his field of After one critical operation, an aggrieved nurse operation. He was equally successful in cataract asked him, "Why did you shout at me when you extractions, and in abdominal surgery, hence wanted that instrument? I feel very badly about there flocked to his hospital patients from far i.t. " and near; princes and paupers, high and low caste-for he did not discriminate; their need of "Did I shout?" he gently replied, "I am very his skill was their passport. The low-castes and sorry. All I thought about was to save that womuntouchables received the same care as did Ma- an's life!" hatma Gandhi or the rajahs. One of the 400 missionaries, who had been his Even children recognized and trusted his skill. patients, said to me: "I had to take my turn on Two mission-school children were overheard in a heated quarrel. When one could not have things CLINIC BUILDING AT THE MIRAJ HOSPITAL as she wanted, she said: "I'll cut your head off!" To this the other answered, "I don't care if you the operating table but with the greatest assurdo; I'll go to Dr. Wanless and he will put it on ance, knowing that I had for my surgeon one of again !" international fame. Night after night, as I lay in the cottage which had been built as a memorial People had such confidence in him that they to Mary Wanless, I would hear the brisk step of came without fear of the surgical knife. A poor the doctor and could see the flicker of light from village man, who could not understand that his his small lantern cross my window and my door. was an inoperable case, came to the doctor's bun- It was eleven o'clock, and he was returning home .galow and with tears streaming down his face said, "Doctor-saheb says he won't operate on me. Please, memsaheb, tell the doctor to do operation on me."

after making his bedtime rounds at the hospital. When the message reached me, the one day There had been many patients to see, just fresh train had already left for Miraj and there would that day from the operating table. He had done be no other for hours. Miraj was 30 miles distant his best and we knew that he prayed for them, and the road, in those days, was atrocious. The commending them to the One who slumbers not only missionary car in town was an old decrepit nor sleeps. They were committed to the keeping affair and could not be depended on to make the of the Great Physician. journey. I went in search of another car that I thought might be borrowed from the State. I Sir William won the warm friendship of His went first to get the antitoxin and then drove on Highness Shahu Maharajah of Kolhapur, who to the large State bungalow used by His Highness was ever ready to further the Miraj medical work as an office. by his generous gifts of land and money. Dr. Mary Stewart Marshall tells the following story A sepoy patrol with his gun paced in front of the State bungalow. He saluted and stepped up to SHRISHAHU CHHATROPATI MAHARAJA OF KOLHAPUR the car to ask my errand. I explained that Dr. Wanless was critically ill and that a request had of Royalty voluntarily running errands for a mis- come for medicine. I would like to ask His Highsionary. During the "cold season" of 1916-17 ness to send it as soon as possible by a State car. word reached Kolhapur of the serious illness of The guard left me and went to tell the Maharajah. Dr. Wanless. None of us could remember his ever In a few minutes he returned with His Highness, before having been more than slightly incapaci- bareheaded and barefooted, wearing the thin tated. His only American colleague was a young white cotton clothing that comprised his usual medical man who had come out as a short-term costume. With the genial smile that characterized assistant. Naturally, he felt keenly the serious- him, he asked what he might do for me. As I reness of the situation and the heavy responsibility peated the explanation his Highness listened, and resting on his shoulders. A critical throat condi- at once exclaimed: "Dr. Wanless ill? I shall go tion had developed and the younger doctor sent a myself!" With that I gladly handed over the messenger by train to Kolhapur asking me to packet of antitoxin. send at once two tubes of diphtheria antitoxin from the Mary Wanless Hospital, given by the It was office hours for the Maharajah, and the Maharajah because of services rendered by Sir grounds surrounding his office building were William. swarming with State officers and their peons (clerks) wearing the scarlet badge of office. Many no doubt had State business to transact with His Highness. Office hours came to a sudden close that day, and many disappointed politicians no doubt returned home to ponder on the strange ways of their Maharajah. He himself wore many coveted decorations conferred by the British Gov- ernment, including the Grand Commander of the Indian Empire and the Grand Commander of the Star of India, but he was never more kingly than when, with utmost spontaneity, he volunteered to go as messenger for his missionary friend and physician.

Dr. Wanless, after he had recovered, told with a smile of the Maharajah's arrival. He would en- trust the packet to no servant or medical attend- ant, but walked into the sick room with it. The patient was more than a little surprised to see his royal visitor and to hear him say, "Doctor, I my- self have brought you the medicine."

The Maharajah frequently came to witness operations. On one occasion a new nurse, who had not met him before, was on duty and in her vigilence refused him admission, unless (for anti-. septic reasons), he would don a surgical cap and gown. He meekly submitted, but as he was a man six feet tall and weighing 350 pounds, the gown covered a very small area, and the cap looked like

an inverted cup on his large head! The Mahara- In a letter to the Presbyterian Board of Forjah was known as very kind-hearted and as the eign Missions, written during his early years of patient, who was a low-caste man, was being service, Dr. Wanless bemoaned the fact that he wheeled from the room, he pulled from his pocket had closed the year with a $15.00 deficit. He a ten-rupee note and told the attendant to give it added: "Although you have announced a 50 per to the patient. The next patient for operation was cent cut for next year I will try not to let this hapa white man, and when he in turn was being pen again and am praying that friends in this wheeled from the room, the Maharajah asked, "Is country may rise up to help and not let the work he a poor man too?" "Yes," said the doctor with suffer." The prayers were answered! The hosa laugh, "He is just a missionary." pital soon became self-supporting and later al- though it was a Christian mission hospital, it The Maharaja of Kolhapur acknowledged again was supported entirely by Indian money and and again, in public addresses and State papers, three-fourths of its buildings were given by his indebtedness to the mission for benefits con- wealthy non-Christian Indians as memorial buildferred upon his State. The following quotation ings. Such a large gift is unique in mission an- (translated) from a Kolhapur State Public No- nals. tice, issued September, 1919, will illustrate: It is difficult to give an adequate idea of the Be informed that, at all public buildings, charity rest scope of what Sir William accomplished. His was houses, state houses, public government inns, etc., and an heroic adventure, but the end of his endeavor river watering places, public wells, etc., no defilement on justifies his faith in his own conception of what account of any human being is to be taken account of. could be done. He never forgot that he was first Just as in Christian public buildings and public wells, and last and at all times a missionary of Christ. and as Doctor Wanless, in the American Mission, treats He was dedicated soul and body to serve the peoall with the same love, so also here, they are to be treated ple of India and never allowed anything to conas not esteeming any unclean. flict with that career. He believed the work of healing to be a demonstration of the Gospel of Thus he endeavored to raise the status of the Christ's love. He did not talk of the institutions Untouchables of his State. which he had built, but he told of the communities of Christians in the towns where there had been William J. Wanless was born on the edge of a no Christians when he arrived in India. These forest in Ontario, Canada. Twenty-four years lat- towns were medical outstations where work was er this hardy young son of Scotch pioneers was started by graduates of his school, trained in the paving the way for medical missions in the prim- art of healing both soul and body. These dispenitive native Indian state of Miraj. Contrast the saries, in the districts eighteen to sixty miles dishumble beginnings in his medical work-a shack tant, developed into hospitals and churches with used as a dispensary and an operating table of growing Christian communities. Sir William rough boards made by the doctor himself-with often spoke of the joy in serving communion in the present! On his retirement his great heart one of these on the last Sabbath before his retireand skillful hands left the largest medical plant ment. of all missions in India. It consisted of four great institutions-a hospital with six branch hospitals, In an address, delivered at one of the many a medical school, a leper asylum, and a tubercu- farewells, in his honor, a non-Christian said: losis sanitarium. One and a half million patients had passed through the doors of hospital and dis- You have been a missionary in the truest sense of the pensary, and thousands of operations performed word and have ennobled the traditions of that high callannually. In the Miraj Medical School scores of ing. Your work of healing has always been subordinate Christian young men have been trained to practice to the Gospel message and you have rejoiced far more medicine and to preach the Gospel of Christ and over a regenerated soul than a regenerated body. India are working in mission hospitals in various parts needs saintly surgeons like you, who can lead her away of the country. It is the only mission medical from the whirlpools of political strife to the quiet waters school for men in all India. Being affiliated with of spiritual development and useful service in the cause the College of Physicians and Surgeons of Bom- of humanity. bay, the degrees are conferred by that institution. While those skillful hands are at rest, the soul The Leper Asylum cares for 250 lepers annual- of Sir William goes marching on. "His works do ly and 50 per cent of them have become Christians. follow him." "This great medical plant," writes They have their own organized church. The Sir a Board Secretary, "stands as a permanent me- William Wanless Tuberculosis Sanitarium was morial of an eminently useful service for Christ given its name by Sir Leslie Wilson, then Gover- and the people of India. This is his monument." nor of Bombay. Funds for site and buildings were raised entirely in India by. Sir William and was Small wonder that Britain knighted the Saintly opened by him in 1931. Surgeon, or that India mourned when he was called to his reward.

Children's Page; Tomi Ko

By VIOLET WOOD, Missionary Education Movement TOMI KO SAN was a Japanese girl in an Mr. Finney took out his wallet and handed his American grammar school. All week she tennis permit to the clerk, saying: "I don't want studied hard in public school. On Saturdays to play on a tennis court that is closed to my litshe went to a Japanese Christian school and on tle friend, Tomi. I wish to return my permit."

Sundays attended an American Sunday school. Joseph, Julia and Mary looked at each other.

When Tomi's best friends-Joseph, Mary and They had waited so long for permits of their own, Julia-talked of getting tennis rackets she it seemed impossible to give them up.

wanted one, too, and persuaded her father, who "What could we do about it?" they thought.

kept an Oriental art shop, to buy one for her. Then Tomi said quietly: Then Tomi and her friends studied the rules of "Mr. Finney, you are doing what our Sunday- the game, and practiced in the back yard. When school teacher talked about last Sunday, loving the four of them thought they knew the game, your neighbor as yourself."

they went with Joseph's father to get permits to Joseph, too, had listened to that same lesson play on the public courts. and remembered how Jesus had always been The four children sat on the bench in the wait- ready to help people in trouble. Joseph began to ing room of the Town Hall while Mr. Finney wonder how he would feel if he were Tomi.

(Joseph's father) spoke to the clerk. They were Finally he gave his new permit back to the clerk.

very much excited. It seemed too good to be true When Tomi saw what he was doing, she cried that they were about to get permits to play on out, "No! No! Please, you must not do that for real tennis courts instead of in their backyards. me."

Joseph's turn came first. The clerk asked him "Joseph, I'm proud of you," said Mr. Finney.

such questions as: What is your name? Where "We shall get other permits to play on the 'Y'

do you live? and How old are you? After Joseph courts, even if they are not so near home."

had answered politely, tingling with excitement, "We want to give ours up, too," shouted Julia the clerk said: suddenly for herself and Mary.

"Will you sign your name here, Joseph?" The clerk looked in amazement at the little The clerk blotted the signature and, leaning group. "I'm going to see that this story is re- over his desk handed Joseph a pink card, and ported at the next Town Meeting. If everybody said: "That's your permit, young man, and I felt that way, something could be done."

hope you win lots of games." And something was done! It took time, but to- "Thank you, sir," answered Joseph, "I'm going day in that town every boy and girl, whether to try hard to be a good player." Japanese, Chinese or Filipino, can play on the Tomi, like most Oriental boys and girls, was so public tennis courts.

polite, that she insisted that Julia and Mary get Making Use of This Story their permits before her.

When Tomi's turn came, the clerk said: "I'm Ask the Children: sory but foreigners can't play on these tennis Do you think of putting into action what you learn at courts." Sunday school?

"But I am an American girl," responded Tomi Is calling Japanese and Chinese hoys and girls "Japs, smiling, sure that this would make everything Chinks and Chinamen" doing as you would have others right. "I was born in California." do to you?

If Americans truly followed Jesus' example would there -The clerk appealed to Mr. Finney, saying: "It's be people in our country who are looked down upon beagainst the rules to give Japs and Chinks per- cause they have different colored skin?

mits." Activities: The tears started in Tomi's eyes at the word, An interesting contest would be to see which child can "Japs." Many times she had been called that in name the most articles that Tomi's father might have the school yard and on the street, and did not like in his art shop. (For exam~le: rice, kimonos, tea, jade, it. But Tomi was brave and did not let herself vases, pottery, china, prints, candied ginger, spices, dolls, cry. lanterns, fans, lacquered objects, tableware, dish gardens, etc.) Joseph, Julia and Mary were astounded. They couldn't believe that anyone could ever think of If children are far from a museum, they might visit their dear friend as a foreigner or unfit to play an Oriental art shop or a Chinese or Japanese Sunday on the public courts. school. Stimulate their interest by photographs, stamp collections and illustrated books of Oriental flower ar- rangements and miniature gardens.

[ 542] I Effective Ways of Working 'rested Methods for Increasing Interest at Home EDITED BY MISS GRACE W. lVlcGAVRAN, 5718 OAK AVE.. INDIANAPOLIS, INDIANA ~=====================l~ From a Treasurer's Notebook to let the group at headquarters one of them the Guild library have some idea of what they can and instituting a real system of (The following are actual notes count on from us. But we know issuance and check-up, with taken from the notebook of one of right now that our incomes will fines as in the case of the public the officers of a missionary organiza- be just about the same. Why library, the service rendered be- tion. The record was not completed can't we set our goal in June ing considered a direct contri- there; but a year later, without any and then have three months' bution and a small fee being money-raising dinner or bazaar or head-start? paid. Certain other possibilities similar device, that group reached its are open for work by which giving goal-and twenty dollars over. May 10th. A little figuring these members could obtain the . An educational exhibit and program with paper and pencil gives minimum 25 cents a month pay- of real value to the community was some curious results. We have ment. put on in cooperation with the Wom- 29 members. Our aim in giving en's Missionary Society. The aim -don't ask me why-is $410. May 11th. Further thought was to present the best features of That means an average of $34.00 suggests that any responsibility the year's study to a larger number each month. It is only a little which becomes delinquent for than is reached by the organizations over a dollar a month for each good cause at the end of each themselves; the Guild's share of the person, but we have some mem- three months' period, should be net receipts (from the 25-cent and bers who do not tithe and some made a joint responsibility, and 15-cent admission fees) was forty whose income would not permit some means devised for clearing dollars. that high giving in addition to it at once and for redistribution their other church obligations. of it for the future. Why not survey your own members' So a bit of uneven figuring giving goal in somewhat the same brings the following: May 12th. There are numbers way? Make a big chart with a place of women who are not having for each pledge, starting with the 2 pledges of $5.00 a month-$10.00 any share in the world-wide task larger ones and progressing down to 3 pledges of 3.00 a month- 9.00 of the church right in our con- the smaller gifts. Trace over with 3 pledges of 2.00 a month- 6.00 gregation. We wish they would red or blue or green as each is taken 3 pledges of 1.00 a month- 3.00 join in the fellowship of our up, giving no names, but indicating study and social life. But it is the amounts pledged or received.) $28.00 also quite possible for them to share in the responsibility. A May 8th. We had our meeting which means, you realize, that eleven canvass of the situation might of the Business Women's Mis- people will be carrying all but $6.00 be made. A financial approach sionary Guild last night. June of the responsibility each month. But should not be made unless it be- 30th closes the missionary year, it will be eleven who are able, pro- comes evident that they do not and we have turned in to the portionately, to give that much more. care to become members in full treasury just over half of the fellowship. amount of money we feel is 6 pledges of $0.50 a month-$3.00 what our group wants to con- 12 pledges of .25 a month- 3.00 Sacrifice1 tribute to the cause of missions this year. We have sold cards, $6.00 A Dialogue on Stewardship have had dinners, have had spe- cial gifts, have had entertain- will make up the total. 29 pledges of Scene: The corner of a living room. ments. Now we are trying to 29 members will equal $410.00 in the Two easy chairs, an occasional table arrange for a very attractive year! and a floor lamp so set that it lights entertainment which will inter- the characters from the side away est people other than those in May 10th. There are a few from the audience. the church whom we feel we members who, since the depres- have bled quite sufficiently in sion, have been without any in- Characters: Julia Farrell and her our cause this year. We are not come whatever. It might be pos- friend, Maurine Day. very happy over the situation. sible to turn over to them the Some of us feel we are giving responsibility of selling the Time: Late afternoon. until it hurts, but most of us Christmas cards which the Guild wonder if there isn't a better has sold for long enough to have The scene opens as Julia and Mau- way. had it become more or less of an rine come in from outdoors, C'oat~ institution and a service in the and hats on. May 9th. We've been think- community. There is also the ing. September is the time to possibility of turning over to 1 Book Rights Reserved. Grace w. Mc- "accept goals" or in other words, [ 543 ] Gavran.

Julia: Let me have your Julia (smiling a bit): Well, ber that poem-I can't say it all, things, dear. I'll pop them onto I don't. I tell you it's too hard. but two lines of it sing through my bed. Be back in a moment. You just said so yourself. my mind like a warning every (She departs with the wraps. time I plan to spend: Ma'/,lrine sinks into a chair, Maurine: But, -but – Well, yawns, picks up a magazine, I will ask it! Where did you get I have more clothes than I can wear. glances at it for a few moments that ten-dollar bill you put in? Their head and hands and feet are and then, with it still open be- I know it was a ten, even if you fore her, becomes absorbed in did try to fold it so it wouldn't bare. thought, looking absently at show. nothing and frowning a bit.) I can't sacrifice, Maurine, but I Julia: Oh, that! I don't mind can live with voluntary re- Julia (coming in again): Why telling you. I used to get all hot straint. That's what I've discov- and bothered when I heard ered. With those words ringing so solemn? You look as if all things like that today and feel in my heart, I can keep from the cares of the universe were as if I should make some tre- getting the more that will leave on your shoulders. (Smiles at mendous sacrifice. Once I tried me poverty-stricken when I Maurine and takes her own having subsistence meals twice most want to help. It's not sacchair. Picks up her knitting or a week. But Jack hadn't heard rifice. It's a way of living. It's fancy work.) the appeal and took to going to not a struggle. It's a contest in the restaurant those nights. So which I expect to win. There's Maurine: It's silly, I know, it didn't work. And then I tried no regret in it. Only content- but that woman's talk sort of doing without the next garment ment. haunts me. Makes me feel as if I was going to buy. But I'd have I ought to make some tremen- to get it eventually, so that Maurine (thoughtfully): It dous sacrifice and send a whole didn't work. I decided I wasn't sounds as if it might be a way pile of money. Of course, I cut out for sacrifice. out for me. (Pulls a shopping know it's silly to let her upset list from her purse.) "New flow- me so . . . ! Maurine: Then how do you er for blue dress." My present manage? flower is almost new. It isn't Julia (thoughtfully): I don't that I need a new one. I just think it's silly. We're pretty Julia: Once I decided sacri- saw a delicious new shade in well hardened in our generation fice was too heroic for a nature flowers at The Betty Shop. I to pleas of pity, but she wasn't like mine and gave it up, I be- suppose right there . . . your asking for pity exactly. gan to think. If I sacrificed two poem would come in, dresses it would give me twenty Maurine: That's what got me dollars to spend. Good dresses, . . . more than I can wear. down. The very fact that they not just everydays, of course. Their . . . feet are bare. are fighting to change things Well, when I came to plan my and expect to eliminate that con- clothes budget, I just cut it down I see, Julia. I can't get that dition, yet must have help to twenty dollars to start with and flower now. I don't need it. It save the children caught in it to- put in a flat twenty dollars for won't be any real sacrifice to day from utter ruin. emergency giving. That's a dol- give it up. (Folds up list and lar and sixty-six cents a month. puts it away.) Voluntary re- Julia: It's different, all right. I didn't leave out any dresses. I straint. I like that idea. A way Not just an endless chain. It's don't buy more than I need. But of living! (Glances at her . a present emergency. And so I found that I could cut out watch.) Mercy! My poor in- enough little things and make a fants will think they've lost close home no one else can be pair of stockings last a little their mother. responsible! longer by prompt or careful darning, and make one belt do (Both rise.) Maurine (gloomily): And I for two dresses, – oh, there were a hundred things I was Julia: I've been thinking of can't do a thing. Not a thing. spending from ten cents to a adding a verse to the Scriptures I've just spent every cent I have dollar on that I could do with- lately, Maurine. (Smiles mis- to spare on things I need. If it out! And there was my twenty! ! chievously.) "Justice is better had been last week, I might have than sacrifice; and the life of let that last dress go, and yet- Maurine: But you did have to restraint better than emotion." Julia, I don't have more clothes do without. Nice addition to Proverbs, eh? than I need. How can one sacri- fice a dress or a hat? I don't Julia: I never said I didn't. I (They go out, chatting inau- have a whole shelf of hats. I said I had quit sacrificing. It's dibly.) only get just the one I need for not sacrifice to plan carefully. each season. It's fun to beat your own budget. Why Hang On?

Julia (slowly): Well, if you Maurine: I'd mind having to Stewardship is not just a must know the truth, I've given cut down on little things. I hate question of what one gives. It up sacrificing. It's too hard. watching pennies. is often a question of that to which one hangs on. Maurine (startled): Why J ul- Julia: So would I if that were all there were to it. But there's *** ia! I might admit it's too hard more than that. Do you remem- for me. But you! You must sac- 1. If you can admit, "My rifice something! You always closet shelf holds a clock I shall seem to have a huge amount to hand in when things like this come up. You must sacrifice.

EFFECTIVE WAYS OF WORKING

never have mended because I Have you made any serious A Column of Horrors! now use electric clocks; an old attempt to persuade members of toaster that has been replaced your society to face the possibil- Miss X opened the large by a gleaming streamlined mod- ities of service with such things packet of scrapbooks to be sent el; some dishes that came to me to which they are hanging on? to the foreign mission field. Her with the purchase of a certain "It might come in handy" was unbelieving eyes were startled commodity, but which I shall an excellent watchword for fron- by an accumulation of the heroes likely never use; and by the tier living, but it is a drag upon and heroines of Hollywood. way there are a couple of old- us today. As a result of such Thousands of them! Assembled fashioned rockers up in the stor- hoarding our hours are filled with infinite care! Pasted painsage room," -if you can admit with storing and dusting, sort- takingly into Jumbo scrapbooks! that, you are hanging on. You ing and rearranging. This robs Carefully indexed! Miss X are not rendering account of us of power to give that which wilted. She decided to leave till what you have which should be will make life easier for our fel- a later day the writing of the in circulation. The Salvation low men. letter of acknowledgement to the Army, the Goodwill Industries donors. and other organizations can use Why not present this idea in those things to rehabilitate men. a dramatic form? Have a speak- The amount of customs duty . You are using them to accumu- er give the first paragraph. A which had to be paid on that late dust. second speaker, with arms package from home made the loaded with objects, give the missionary-on-the-Congo gasp. It *** second. A, third represent the must be paid from his own sal- third. A fourth may dramatize ary, though the package was for 2. If, hanging in your clothes the fourth. Then announce that the mission. It contained "25 closet, you can find unneeded or a committee of two with a car yards of silk," said the declaraunused dresses, out of style, and a list of possible articles will tion. "Silk! In Africa!" The slightly worn or faded and re- appear at the door of each mem- missionary was doubtful. When placed by something you like ber during the week, ready to the package was opened words better-if you can find them receive contributions, to discuss failed him; the yards of silk there, you are hanging on. The further the list of articles and (declared at retail) turned out charity organizations of your to help decide as to the possible to be scraps of taffeta cut into town can use those garments to usefulness of things that the quilt pieces! And taffeta, Genclothe the naked. You are using member has hung on to, and tle Reader, rots in a very short them to dry-rot! promising to return later if time on the banks of the mighty there will be a second donation Congo. *** ready. How welcome were those Vis- 3. If there are lying about Of course, your list of usable itors-from-Home. They wanted shoes, needing repair but which articles will be made after conyou have not bothered to take to sultation with organizations to see the work; were anxious the shoeman, shoes that pinch which can use them. A truck and so are seldom worn, shoes may be need if large articles are to know more of India. Yes, out of style that you do not care to be donated. The calling com- they would enjoy nothing more to wear, shoes that might come mittees will compile this list. in handy some time but never Perhaps the men of the church than a week at the Christian do-if you are keeping such, will contribute the use of a truck Mela or Camp-Retreat with the you are hanging on. They can to take things to a near-by town missionaries; they would take be used to enable others to walk if your own town cannot make life exactly as the missionaries the wet wintry streets dry-shod. use of them. did. The place was a lovely spot Why keep them to give you a far from railroad and still farsense of oppulence? Such a project can be carried ther from stores and shops. out once a year. It trains mem- Tents dotted the landscape. The *** bers of the society to be alert as Visitors-from-Home were de- to possibilities of giving rather lighted. The evening meal of 4. If you have stored away than hanging on. delicious curry and rice was scraps of new cloth with the served. "We don't eat any Inthought that some day you may If you have a group in your dian food," said the Visitorsquilt; old silk garments that society which sews, you may from-Home, sweetly but deteryou think you might make into want to retain some things, such minedly. The face of the misa hooked rug; pieces of cloth or as quilt pieces or pieces big sionary's wife was inscrutable as partly worn garments which you enough to make children's gar- she ordered soft-boiled eggs for plan to make over some day,- ments, for a service project of the Visitors-from-Home. In her if they are there, you are hang- your own. A committee should mind words began racing: ing on. Busy fingers at sewing decide after things are collected "Eggs for dinner? Eggs for clubs and settlement classes will just what goes where. Do not lunch?? Eggs for breakfast??? make use of them, while you will despise odds and ends. There's no way to get American only dream about it. food now. What shall I do?"

BULLETIN

Council of Women for Home Missions EDITED BY MISS EDITH E. LOWRY, 297 FOURTH AVENUE, NEW YORK, N. Y.

INDIAN AMERICAN YOUNG PEOPLE The Joint Committee on In- PART OF ONE CHURCH SCHOOL CLASS ON A HIKE TO THE HILLS. dian Work of the Home Mis- RIVERSIDE. CALIFORNIA. sions Councils (Council of Women for Home Missions and Home Religious Work Director said, "I whom she felt responsibility. Missions Council) presents such a united Christian approach to want to talk to you. I decided Their mother is dead and the Indian American young people in six United States Government tonight for sure that I want to two girls live with an aunt in boarding schools where young people coming from reservations go to a Christian training school ' a country community with no are in new surroundings and feel shy, homesick and strange. to become a nurse." Application church. Soon after Betty's re- The six schools being served blanks were filled out a few days turn home she wrote the Reliin this .way are reaching approximately 3,000 students and later for training at a Presby- gious Work Director at school, are located as follows: terian mission. · (This girl is 'We have in our house a little Albuquerque Indian School, Albuquerque, New Mexico. from a Presbyterian field. ) Word Sunday school. We have neigh- Flandreau Indian School, Flandreau, came back later that there was bors' children come in. Could South Dakota. no room for her. The girl then you help us in our community?' Has k e 11 Institute, Lawrence, Kansas. decided to take post-graduate The Director sent a package of Salem Indian School, Chemawa, work in high school in the mean- papers, pictures and cards. In Oregon. time. The following year she en- thanking the Director for the Sherman Institute, Riverside, California. tered the Presbyterian mission helps she added, 'We have a sing The sixth location is a fine place of and this fall graduates as a on Wednesday nights. We have rural community work being developed in Eastern Oklahoma, near Stillwell. trained nurse ready for work. more older people here then. Of There is no greater need today The Religious Work Directors course we have no piano, but– in missionary work than for follow the struggles of the stu- plays the guitar and that is good churches and denominations to work together in presenting the dents as they return to their enough. I am trying to learn to Christian message in a united reservations during the summer play one too. Here's hoping I way. or after graduation and by learn.' " The interdenominational Reli- friendly encouragement often The stories that follow, sent gious Work Director is willing have the satisfaction of seeing by the Directors, emphasize the to listen, no matter what the those students rise to positions need for more of this kind of problem. Individual lives are of leadership among their own follow-up, serving all denominaoften reshaped by this friendly people. guidance of the Religious Work tions freely but ministering to Director who ministers to them Here is the story of a girl who the student's need first of all: through worship services, social is making the best of her opporgatherings, games, choir 'prac- tunities: "A senior who grad- What the Church Is Doing tice, discussion groups and personal consultations. uated this spring went home "Nellie and Sam, graduates of a with her younger sister for few years ago, came to see us re- Let us consider the case of a girl, a senior in school, who, following a meeting of the Missionary Society in the home of the [ 5461

BULLETIN: COUNCIL OF WOMEN FOR HOME MISSIONS

cently and upon invitation stayed to supper. Through most of the evening we visited and talked over experiences of school days. Toward the end of the evening Sam said they must go. They thanked us sincerely, and I walked out to the door to bid them good night. They started down the walk, then re- turned hesitantly. 'She's got something she wanted to say to you, Mr.

–' 'Well, I wonder what it could be!' I grinned. (Oh, I had a 'hunch'

all right, for I had talked over some personal plans with this boy weeks before.) " 'We've been married three weeks!' Nellie said, shyly but happily. Sam is a carpenter here in town. Both are Christian students, graduates of two years ago. And that's what they had come to tell me in the first 'Place!

How I love them for it, and for the friendship which has lasted and which has opened anew to the blessed coun- selling about plans for a new Christian home! They'll come often now- and the latch string's out!"

What Church People Can Do "Our most pressing need for the CHILDREN FROM HOMES LIKE THIS COME UNDER OUR INFLUENCE IN Chapel is a good resonant bell for the GOVERNMENT SCHOOLS. belfry. For several years we have discussed this. More and more each senior in-University. There will gets swellheaded because he's had year it takes on significance because surely be a place for him in the world some rare experience, or because he we live here with these boys and girls when he is ready. For he is deter- gets boosted to some office-well, it's as a community and they need some- mined to go back to his people in just too bad for his leadership.' thing to bring to mind and heart the eastern Oklahoma, and live before call of worship and Christian service. them the Christian life which he has "'I see what you mean . . . I'll Perhaps an individual or a group found so abundant. sure try to do this thing right,' and I might take this matter up as a proj- thought I caught a square set to his ect." *** jaw as he started putting on his foot- ball uniform to go out on the field to *** What the Indians Are Doing practice. Joe's an orphan. The first white man this Navajo ever saw he "Dorothy is one of our most pop- An Indian girl, about sixteen years ran from for dear life and hid among ular and finest students but one who old, meditating on the future has this the sheep-just another wild creature has a real problem in her future. She to say: "The preservation of the In- of the desert a few years ago. is a complete ward of the Government, dian race is necessary but, I think it her parents having died within a week must be done through the Indian "He waved his hand to me from the of each other, about five years ago. youth preparing themselves for re- field as I watched him at practice. They left six children; Harold, an sponsible positions and the more we He'll remember!" older son who is now working; Dor- prove ourselves the more responsible othy who is in school here in –; positions will be waiting for us. We *** and four smaller ones who are now cannot go on living in the past, dear being cared for by a family. They as it was to the hearts of our nature- "Our so-called sophistication also had all been separated until these ar- loving people. There is a future, appeals to the Indian, particularly the bright with dreams of happy homes, young person. They readily adopt rantrements were made. of positions well-filled, of friends our dress and manner and along with "Dorothv came here after her par- among all races and of better under- that the cigarette and liquor. I think standing of ourselves and others. We that too often all they see in us is the ent's death and has been here ever are proud to be Indian and we are outside and they follow our pattern." since. She has a pleasing personality glad to have a chance to make others and appearance and has been active proud of us too." *** in religious as well as school activities and is one that I would like to *** The Christian spirit finds exsee go back to her people as a Chris- pression in Indian life in service tian leader. Her parents were Chris- Joe, the captain of this year's foot- for others: tians and gave the children a good ball team has just returned from a beginning for that life. That hope for wonderful conference trip and tour "Two of our finest speakers among Dorothy needs the prayers and inter- which the religious work director the Indian girls–one a Navajo, one a est of Christian people." helped him attend. They are sitting Hopi, themselves inseparable pals on the cot in Joe's room. though their ancestors were bitter en- *** emies-gave earnest talks saying that "What shall I do for my life work?" "'Joe, the very fact that you have old emnities were dead and friendly We have all asked the question so had this privilege and that you have ties strengthened by Christian influ- many times. But to the Indian living been chosen football captain too has ences." in a white man's civilization it is one a little bit of danger in it for you, with especial sil4nificance. Few there did you know that?' Joe looked at his And at Christmas time Indian boys. are who face the matter as did this friend keenly, but a little puzzled. and girls at Sherman Institute pack young Indian man. Left an orphan at 'That's right, Joe. The really great boxes of toys which they send to the a very early age, handicapped most leaders are the ones who keep their Migrants in the cotton fields in Cali- of his life with a speech impediment, hearts and their sY'm.pathies right fornia. They have little to share, yet which he is successfully overcoming, close to the hearts of the people they they experience the feeling of inner with little or no money, he is now II. mix with in everyday life. If II. fellow happiness that comes from joyous giving.

~':============"""""'====

I Our World–wide Outlook A Missionary Newspaper of Current Events ~'I======~EDI=TED=BY=MR=S. =HEN=RIE=TTA=H.=FE=RGU=SON=, X=ENI=A, O=HI=O ======= WESTERN ASIA in the constitution, calling Tur- tlements have welcomed visiting key a Moslem country, was de- mISSIOnaries of the Hebrew New Day in New Turkey leted ; then religious schools, Christian Fellowship, and Jews orders, and religious uniforms, are freely purchasing the Scrip- Hope for true religjous liberty were suppressed; Friday as a tures, although Christian work in Turkey, when Christian mis- holiday was abolished. Not only in Ute villages has had to be sionaries will be welcomed, is this, but there is distinct anti- largely discontinued. The Misseen in a bill before parliament religious teaching in many of sion to Mediterranean Garrisons to offer amnesty to the 150 polit- the schools. Not long ago the and the International Christian ical offenders, exiled from Tur- government ordered the sale of Police Association report enkey in the early days of the Re- 300 mosques in Istanbul. couraging work among British public. It is remarked all over soldiers and police. the country that a new day has -Alliance Weekly. dawned, when Turkey can for- -World Dominion Press. give and reinstate those who Since the Balfour Declaration fought to prevent its emancipa- Trans-Iranian Railway tion. One Turkish paper said: Changes in Palestine since the "This amnesty creates a new Jews were promised a national Last August construction of atmosphere throughout the whole home are reflected in the busi- the Trans-Iranian Railway was country … it will strengthen ness advertisements, such as completed. The line was begun the power, the stability, the those of the King Solomon Bank, in 1927, and fulfils a dream of honor and fame of the country Zerubbabel Bank, Judea Insur- Iranians. The ceremonies atand of the revolution, both at ance, Dead Sea Bath Salts, etc. tending the opening of the road home and abroad." There is a training ship the were most elaborate, with high Sarah I, for Jewish sailors, officials present. The station was Another editor commented: flying the blue and white Zion appropriately decorated and a "The movement toward a gen- flag, operated by the Zebu- ribbon was stretched across the eral amnesty for political of- lon Society (Zebulon was the line. The crown prince and the fenses means that the way is be- seashore tribe). shah each tightened a gold nut; ing prepared for freedom of dis- the shah cut the ribbon, formalcussion. In order that this free- Not the least interesting is ly opening the service. The road dom may widen, writers and the Palestine Symphony Orches- connects the Caspian Sea with critics should be positive and tra. The hounding of Jewish the Persian Gulf, and additional creative, recognizing unity and musicians out of Germany has lines connecting Tabriz and harmony as the highest values. made of it one of the greatest in Meshed are being surveyed. The Thus will be assured the condi- the world. In less than two people of Iran take great pride tions which will produce a move- months this orchestra of sev- in the fact that this gigantic ment toward a true demor.racy." enty-one virtuosos was assem- task was completed without bor- bled and developed into an har- rowing from abroad. The in- -World Dominion Press. monious whole. This occurred creased facilities of travel will in Palestine, an insecure and greatly extend the possibilities Turkey's Materialism troubled land, in a pioneering of missionary service. stage of national life. After the A writer in the Near East orchestra visited Egypt, enthu- -Press Translation Service. Christian Council's Bulletin be- siastic Egyptians organized a lieves that the future of religion Society of Friends of the Pales- Silent Ministry in Turkey is a part of the crit- tine Orchestra.-S. S. Times. ical problem of the religious life Dr. Frederick G. Coan, for 40 of the world. Since the abolition Palestine Problems years a missionary in Iran, of the Caliphate, Turkish leaders called one day on a bigoted, .have proceeded on the assump- Present disorders in Palestine fanatical ecclesiastic-the kind tion that religion had never done are having their effect on the who would be pleased to see anything but harm, and was not Christian Church in that trou- every Christian killed. Dr. Coan needed for the future. Religious bled land, where Christian unity describes his call: teaching in the schools was re- and love are assailed by racial duced, then dropped. A phrase bitterness and fear. Jewish set- As soon as I had entered the room, he ordered the servants to leave and [648 ]

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

told them to see that no one was in er. This teacher then settles public, who are willing to perthe yard, and that the gates were down to a long process of educalocked. Then he turned to me and tion-two years or more-when form some kind of national servsaid, "You have left the New World he instructs the entire village and come all the way here to make me and prepares them for church ice. -The Guardian. a Christian; save yourself the trou- membership. By the end of this ble:" I thought he was simply trying time, no one needs to leave his Syrian "Servants of the Cross" to turn me off. Then to my astonish- home environment, or feel that ment he said, "I am already a Chris- he is an outcaste. This organization, a missiontian." I asked how he came to it. He ary and social brotherhood of then told me a helper had given him In one diocese reported by Mr. the Syrian Church, established the Gospel of St. John and asked him Higdon they are uniting with in 1924, is asking for funds to to read it carefully and with open the church at the rate of 10,000 carryon work among the Demind; and when he reached the last a month; and in all India more pressed Classes in India. The chapter he was at the feet of Christ than 100,000 have accepted aboriginal races of the native as His slave. He could not resist so Christianity annually during the states of Cochin and Travancore, winsome a character. Had it been past three years. The changes South India, are poverty-strickknown in that fanatical Kurdish city, observed by the upper classes in en, ill-clad and uneducated. the man's own sons would have asked the lives of the outcastes turned They live in miserable huts and the governor to behead him and throw Christian has resulted in a sim- carry worship of devils to a his body to the dogs. ilar movement among the higher point of extreme superstition. castes. Under the auspices of the an- INDIA AND SIAM cient Orthodox Syrian Church Community Appreciation of St. Thomas, the Apostle of Unhampered by Politics India, the order is making a The Frances Newton Hospital sincere effort to improve these Dr. C. H. Rice, of Allahabad in Ferozepur has been serving unfortunate people. Christian College, says: women and children of this dis- trict for 44 years. Appreciation There are a dozen members of India just now is one of the centers for this service is manifest in the order. They have no propof the world where the movement for the recently added operating erty, practise celibacy, and repeace and justice is most unhampered unit at a cost of 6,000 rupees, ceive no salary. They obtain by the politics of national fear, hatred raised by members of the Canal, their daily bread from the place and greed. There are radicals who Railway, Civil, Policy and Mili- in which they work, sometimes shout, and leaders who would foment tary Departments, and the mem- from the parish church and class war, but never has India had so bers of the Indian Christian sometimes by rice collections many sons and daughters ready to communities. The medical de- and the hospitality of friends. spend themselves for the liberation of partment of the Punjab Governtheir brothers from ignorance and ment promised Rs. 2,000 toward -The Living Church. disease, poverty and social oppression. this project. The Rajah of Fa- Surely the Spirit of Christ is alive. ridkot gave Rs. 1,000, and the Gains in Assam . . . One day he will be recognized above groups collected Rs. 3,500. and loved and worshiped as now he is Part of the money was used to The Baptist Missionary Requoted and admired. improve a ward in the hospital view of India tells of a piece of for tubercular patients. frontier work that shows real Dr. and Mrs. Rice are co-au- missionary progress. In the Ao thors of the chapter on Indian -Monday Morning. and Sema Naga Hills there were Christian colleges in the current 1,218 baptisms last year, and year's mission study book. Bihar Literacy Drive the church membership in those two tribes has now reached No Need to Leave Home A mass literacy campaign in 19,316. Nearly 500 boys and Bihar Province is an idea con- girls are under Christian in- E. K. Higdon, writing in The ceived by the Minister of Educa- struction at the station school in Churchman, says that time was tion, who planned that students Impur, the largest Baptist school when Indian Christians were be induced to spend their holi- in Assam. A total of 115 Sunthe real "men without a coun- days in voluntary teaching of day schools report an enrolment try"; and that at the Jerusalem adults. There was an enthusias- of about 17,000. How many par- Conference there was a strain tic response. Since the govern- ishes in India or the United of sadness through all that the ment had no funds to combat States show equal advance? Indian delegates said, because illiteracy, the Minister of Edu- Christians in India had to tear cation issued this call: "Let us Practical Christianity in Siam themselves up by the roots, leave try to make up our lack of finantheir families, their villages, cial resources by the earnest de- Bangkok has a large Chinese their communities. sire of our youth for national immigrant population. During service." He regards this as a the Chinese New Year's season, Now, whole villages are be- sort of personal tax. It is hoped it is the custom of the Swatow coming Christian at one time. that this example will be fol- Church workers and officers to The leaders hold a meeting, dis- lowed by the rest of the general make calls in the homes of all of cuss the matter and decide they the members and friends of the are willing to leave Hinduism or church. All firms and shops Mohammedanism and become stop their work, and an excellent Christians. Then they put it up to the community. If the decision is favorable, the next step is to go to the Christian head of the district and ask for a teach-

opportunity is at hand to give and friendless-I was forcibly er songs. Then came the kin- Christian greetings. To one reminded of a man who stood up dergarten with its play songs. humble home, the home of a in one of my meetings at home The popular movement under widow with three small children, and asked whether the Chinese Jimmy Yen early developed folk went a missionary in this call- had not religions of their own songs and taught children I:),nd ing season. The home was just just as good! A fortune teller the peasants to sing. Now the one room, with no furniture ex- had told this old woman that she national defense movement is cept a few boards on trestles to would die in the eighth moon enlisting movie stars, actors, colmake a bed, a stool or two, clay this year and her coffin is al- lege men and women to lead the stove and two or three cooking ready prepared. When asked whole country into a chorus that pans. The widow makes her liv- where her soul would go, she may tend to drown the sobs of ing by going out to cut hair, and replied: 'I don't know.' " those who mourn. -The Christian Century. must leave her children at home Christian Message for There Are J oshuas Today alone during the day. The mis- Wounded sionary expressed concern about the children, and she replied: The Chinese high command Rev. William Vander Meer of the Reformed Church in Amer- "When I go I always ask my sent out a circular letter to ica, last July, like a Joshua spy- Christian hospitals and churches, ing out the land, walked 60 miles Heavenly Father to watch over asking them to cooperate in them." -Siam Outlook.

bringing the Christian message up the valley of the Kuling Riv- to the wounded. The five er in Fukien, looking for fields CHINA churches in Changteh sent two or and houses where refugees in Her Religion "Just as Good" more workers each day to write Amoy could be relocated. He found places for 3,000. In every A writer in China's Millions letters, have personal talks, and village visited he received the tells of visiting an old devotee hold services for small groups. The work developed until it hearty cooperation of officials. of Confucianism, who had lived Amoy, distant from the prinin a temple many years attend- called for a full-time worker. cipal war areas, has its own sep- All the churches cooperated in arate relief work. ing the idols. For all these years providing the salary for the she has abstained from meat, fat and eggs, in the hope of at- right man, who was found Rehabilitation of those who taining salvation; now she is 94 among the refugees. Church will go up the Kuling valley will years old, wizened, dulled, with- women are sewing and provid- require seed, food and tools, unout hope in her face. Christian ing small comforts for the til they can harvest their first women tried to tell her of the wounded men. crop of vegetables. Old temples -Monday Morning. are to be repaired and made into love of Jesus Christ and the homes. The diet in these camps peace that He alone can give. Turning to Song calls for canned meat. Around One of the women, Mrs. Su, has an old Christian mother 93 The crash of bombs and the Amoy there is no longer a taste years old. As Mrs. Su looked at cries of the mangled continue to for fish, the reason being that this other old woman, tears so many dead bodies have been came to her eyes as she said, be heard, but above it all is "Oh, myoId mother is a hun- heard the voice of song. The washed out to sea. dred times better off than this! Chinese people are learning to -Church Committee for sing in chorus as they have China Relief.

She has the peace of God in her never done before. A training Refugee Children heart." Then she sat down by institute in Hankow has been the old lady and patiently tried turning out song leaders. Col- A letter from a Presbyterian to tell her about the peace of lege and middle-school students mission school, now being used God which passeth all under- in south, central and west China as a temporary home for tefstanding. The poor old woman have been teaching group and ugee children, indicates the nalooked absolutely blank, and mass singing. Folk songs, patri- ture of some of the problems. said she was too old to do any- otic songs, workers' songs are When youngsters were brought thing now. They assured her stirring the people's enthusiasm. in from the bombed areas, the that she need not do anything, Dr. T. T. Lew gives credit for teachers expected to see them but trust in Christ. They taught the beginning of this movement rejoice over the chance to live in her a simple prayer-"Lord to the Christian Church. In a safety, where there were play- Jesus, save me, and forgive my recent discussion group of dele- grounds, trees, food. Not at all! sins," which she repeated many gates-elect to Madras he said, Many of them had been living times. "The introduction of group sing- by their wits, and had grown "As we sat there," says the ing by the Church of China has cunning and combative. Fights, missionary, "with the idols meant a great deal to the life of greed, the notion that the school around us, and thought of this China." He went on to describe was a jail, were things to be poor old woman giving her life how children used to sing hymns dealt with. But little by little to them and fasting from meat while at play, regardless of their cleanliness, play, food, hand- and eggs-now weak and old, theme, because they had no oth- work and scout drill produced a

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

very different set of children. JAPAN -OHOSEN at home whose ideas and motives I When their school home was cannot follow nor condone. To dechanged for a more permanent State Oontrol of Religions nounce war and its perpetrators is one under the Children's Relief not enough. I must find a substitute Association sponsored by Mad- The draft of a proposed new for war. ame Chiang Kai-shek, there law affecting religious organizawere real regrets on both sides. tions has been made public. This How Peace Will Oome is the fourth time during the -Monday Morning. past 40 years that a law control- World Outlook contains the ling religion has been proposed, following letter of a Japanese Honan Mission Jubilee and each time it has been de- Christian minister in war serv- feated in the Diet. Heretofore, ice: This year marks the jubilee of the attempt has failed because the Honan Mission of the United of an article in the constitution There are many American and Eng- Church of Canada. Some of guaranteeing freedom of reli- lish missionaries everywhere in China, those who went to China in 1888 gious belief to the individual. but Japanese soldiers are not perare alive and well, and look with The proposed new law avoids mitted to call on them or go to church troubled hearts on the China of the dilemma by limiting itself to without special permission. This is 1938. The first period in the his- the regulation of the public cere- because we are very nervous to stir tory of this Mission with the ar- monies and the doctrinal prop- up international problems. As you rival in China of Dr. and Mrs. agation of the various religious know, most of the soldiers are rough Jonathan Goforth, Dr. McGil- organizations, not the personal and uneducated, and do not know forlivray and others; this phase of faith of the individual. Under eign manners. the work ended when the Boxer the present emergency it is aluprising overran all North Chi- most certain to become law. The The other day I called on Mr. and na in 1900. Two years later Christian churches, along with Mrs. H., the missionaries here, with work began anew on a larger all other religious bodies, will the permission of my officer. We had scale, but with the outbreak of then operate under a permit a long talk. They welcomed me heartthe Great War in 1914, the sup- issued by the minister of educa- fully. There were a few Chinese ply of new missionaries was cut tion, will be amenable to govern- Christians present. I was greatly enoff, but at the end of the war, ment inspection, and will have couraged and comforted by a touch of the Forward Movement Fund both doctrine and worship prac- real Christian brotherhood. I am sure made reinforcement once again tices subject to official control. that peace will come only through possible. The modern develop- Conversely there will be certain Christianity. Because of this I feel a ment of the Mission began with tax exemptions and other priv- great sense of mission. I think you the construction of Weihwei and ileges that have not hitherto must have some friends in China. Changte Hospitals. been extended to Christianity. Please send me their names and ad- It is possible that there will be dresses. Every night there is shoot- Events of July, 1937, changed no particular inconvenience ex- ing, but my heart is quite peaceful bethe whole picture, but members perienced under the new regula- cause of my faith in the Cross. I read of the Mission have not lost tions, though the churches my Bible every morning, and am courage. All the staff are re- would prefer to be free from praying all the time. maining at their posts. such governmental control. J apan Selling Out in India -United Church Record. -Charles Iglehart. As an indication of Japan's Kashgar Mission Closed Kagawa Proposes Peace desperate situation, one of Eng- land's leading papers prints the The Swedish Mission in Kash- It is reported that Kagawa following: gar, Chinese Turkestan (Sin- has laid proposals for peace kiang Province) was attacked with China before the Japanese A correspondent who is managing and burned by the Moslem lead- premier-without result. In a director of a famous firm of merer Mamud Sidjan. Governor- letter to friends in the United chants in Bombay gives news of some , General Sheng suppressed the States, Kagawa writes: interest. His letter reads:-"A sig- Moslem rising in September, nificant thing is happening here with 1937, but the local authorities Truly no group of Christians can be the quite large Japanese business subsequently closed the hospital isolated. Just in the measure that the community. They are selling off all and printing office and scattered links that bind these groups are their house and office properties, upthe Christians. The British Con- forged in love and understanding and country cotton factories, cotton mills sul-General in Kashgar rendered sympathy, will the influence and pow- here. It may be in order to get money help to the Mission, but even- er of Christianity continue. Though with which to buy cotton. For months tually the situation deteriorated you hear of individual Christians now they haven't had the money with and most of the missionaries wooed and won by the growing spirit which to buy a bale. .. . . They are were compelled to return to of nationalism, do not despair. In all obviously getting into a terrible mess Sweden. Forty years of efficient lands and in all ages, there have been financially, with a million men in the and devoted service in one of testing times for Christians and not field in China and the whole country the hardest fields of China has all have stood the test. . . . My own run by the fanatical army leaders, thus been tragically interrupted. personal views are well known. I and no money with which to buy the would be a disciple of love to all peo- raw materials for their vast indus- -World Dominion Press. ple, and this must include even those tries. Their exports, from which they get their money, have in recent months dwindled to nothing, and they have little raw cotton left."

The Kobe Cloudburst Kobe has a population of about 790,000. The city lies crescent shaped between the hills and the Inland Sea. Last July, a cloud-

burst caused the hill streams to would be seated beside me. I tion was given as to baptism, rush down into the city, carry- saw at once that it was the man the preparation and motive for ing trees and debris into the who had murdered my father, it, and what it involved, the in- streets until some sections were and I had sworn to drink his quirers withdrew sadly, and no buried six feet under. About blood. But as I withdrew down more has been heard from them.

150,000 people were made home- the church, a voice seemed to less; electric and water supply say to me, 'By this shall all men "Insurrectos" Become was cut off. An old well, un- know that ye are my disciples, Methodists used for many years, in the if ye have love one to another'; Enthusiasm, progress and ma- and as I sat down near the door, turity marked the 1938 sessions yard of a Presbyterian mission- a Man upon a cross rose before my eyes, and I heard Him say, of the Methodist annual conferary's home served the neighbor- 'Father, forgive them, for they ences in the Philippines. For know not what they do.' Then I the first time, these met in sephood; and this furnished the returned, and we took the Lord's arate places, and both were hon- Supper together." ored by the presence of goveropportunity to hand out Chris- nors and other officials of the -The Presbyterian. provinces where they were held. tian literature to all who came for water. In this crisis, some Japanese Christians opened a vacation Bible School to take responsibility for the children, Looking toward indigenous lead- ership, plans were discussed for while the adults dug themselves Bible Circles of Five out. -Monday Morning. "Circles of Five" have become electing a Filipino bishop in popular in Java. They are 1940. ISLANDS OF THE PACIFIC g.roups of five young people in Although the year under re- view was marked by a series of Bridge Builders in Papua the higher classes of elementary earthquakes, typhoons, floods and secondary schools, who meet and fire, statistics show a de- Mr. C. F. Rich has served cided gain both in self-support nearly forty years in Papua un- to study the Bible under one of and in membership. In less than der the L. M. S., and is still full their number as leader. Each forty years Methodism in· the of plans for that island's future. circle becomes a sort of union of Philippines has grown to a He writes: secrecy and fidelity of uncom- mon strength, marked by per- church of more than 90,000 Once it was said of a patriarch, staunch members. "He digged us a well." In hot, wet sonal devotion. They become Papua, there would be scant praise brethren. They meet each week, -Christian Advocate. for a well digger, but in years to and attendance is a sacr(;)d duty, come they may be saying of their missionary: "He builded us a bridge." not to be missed. Printed out- National Hospital Day Why? On one of the main roads a lines of Bible study are sent to dangerous creek had to be crossed, and all efforts to bridge it had come each circle and these are dis- The Philippine Commonto naught whenever floods came. cussed at its meetings. Coordi- wealth celebrates an annual Na- Then the missionary, with the help of nation is effected by a monthly tional Hospital Day, when all villagers and his old automobile, set gathering of the leaders, most the hospitals of Manila are open to work. The old car hauled tons of of whom are under twenty years to the public for inspection, and sand, timber and cement; the people carried tons of stone with which to old. are rated by a committee headed raise the road approach to the bridge level. In a little over seven weeks of The number five was chosen by the Director of Public Welhard labor, the bridge was ready for use. "Quite interesting," some will because in Java it is a sacred fare. For the third successive say, "but hardly a missionary's job." But the bridge will stand for many number. It is the number of year, St. Luke's Hospital has years, not only to ensure safe crossing, but as a visible emblem of a fingers on one hand, and ex- won the highest award among bridge of understanding over which the Papuan may pass from ignorance presses unity. Also, it was the hospitals having a capacity of and darkness into freedom and light. number of the prayer circle in f'100 beds, or more. In announc- -L. M. S. Chronicle. Antioch, from which the Holy ing this award, Dr. Aguilar Revenge or Love? Spirit selected and commissioned Director of Public Welfare de: A missionary to New Zealand tells of a Maori Christian who PauL-World Dominion Press. clared this to be a model 'hoshad taken a front seat at the communion service. Suddenly, Requirement ~oo Hard pital, above competition. What he was seen withdrawing to the rear, then he came forward and a contrast to the days of Spanresumed his original place. Asked afterwards why he had The Protestant Episcopal Mis- ish rule forty years ago! done so, he replied: "When I sion tells of a group of people at -The Churchman. entered, I had no idea who Baguio, P. I., who recently came NORTH AMERICA to the Church to ask how much would be the charge for baptiz- Is America Christian? ing a young Chinese who wished to marry a Christian girl. It There is a strange mixture of was explained to them that there paganism and Christianity in was no charge, but that baptism America. Not long ago at To- was not just a routine conven- awnadocc, eCeoloofrfaicdioa,lsthareraloncgaeldWwPitAh ience for those who wished to marry. When further informa- the leaders of the Utes (In-

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

dians) for a three-day season of already formally approved, at that attempts at law enforcesports events and bear dancing least in principle,· the constitu- ment are futile unless the moral at Easter time, culminating on tion of the proposed World sentiment of the people is back Easter Sunday. Wishing to have Council of Churches drafted at of it. -United Presbyterian. Easter observed in a manner Utrecht, Holland, last May. more fitting its significance, They are the following: Presby- Fresh Approach to World James Russell, local pastor, re- terian Church in the U. S. A.; Needs quested the official in charge of Presbyterian Church (South), the government agencies to post- Congregational, Northern Bap- Two Methodist missionaries pone the sports event, and allow tist, United Lutheran, Evangel- from Burma, Dewitt and Edna the Easter meetings to assume a ical Lutheran Augustana Synod, Baldwin, have created the "Lisle more religious aspect. This he Evangelical and Reformed, Re- Fellowship," a six-weeks "rerefused to do. Whereupon, Mr. formed Church in America, thinking" conference at "Happy Russell explained to the chief United Presbyterian, Protestant Valley," Lisle, N. Y. Sixty coland tribal council of the Utes Episcopal, Disciples of Christ lege men and women, members that throughout the United and Methodist Episcopal. of ten different races or nations, States, and the world people re- representing 13 churches and 26 gard Easter as a holy day, and Missionary News from Wall colleges, have been devoting celebrate then the rising from Street themselves to the theme of the dead of the Lord Jesus "World – mindedness," consider- Christ, just as at Christmas time Perhaps Wall Street, the finan- ing the meaning of Christianity they commemorate His birthday. cial center of New York, would as a solution for the new world's The Indians listened attentively least likely be expected to fur- needs, and the kind of individand then they asked the local nish missionary news, yet read- ual a world citizen ought to be. head of the WPA to postpone ers of the daily Wall Street the sports events: but he still Journal saw this heading in a The educational methods of persisted on having his program recent issue: "One Thousand this group are worth watching. carried out at the time set. Bible Translations." The follow- Instead of telling young people ing is a quotation from the ar- what to think, there is offered a The Indian leaders then de- ticle: whole series of projects by vised this plan. They would tell which students may learn to their people not to go to the In its headquarters in London the think for themselves, and arrive sports field until after services British and Foreign Bible Society at their own conclusions. Inhad been held in the church now has copies of the Scriptures pub- cluded in this is training in field from 9 until 10: 30 a. m., and lished in whole or in part in 1,000 dif- work. Four days each week, they would stop their bear dance ferent languages. The last two trans- after a preliminary week of at 5 p. 'ill. so that their people lations were of native tribal tongues training, the students go out by could have supper and attend in the Belgian Congo of Africa, themselves, taking full responchurch service again at night. known as the Ngwana and Sakapa sibility for their personal and As a result more people than tribes. This Bible Society was group relations, to work togethusual attended the church serv- founded in 1804 when copies of the er through churches in towns ices, both morning and evening. Bible were available in only 72 lan- and villages covering a radius of guages. The number increased to 100 125 miles of Lisle-most of cen- Paganism among many of the in 1824, to 200 in 1871, to 300 in 1892, tral New York and north cen- 200 Indian tribes in the United to 400 in 1906, to 500 in 1917, to 600 tral Pennsylvania. Careful ar- States is as degraded as that in 1928, to 712 in 1936 and to 1,000 rangements are made by Mr. found in central Africa. Their in 1937. Baldwin with pastors in adreverence for material objects is vance, interchurch hospitality as bad, their medicine men are Evidently, the Wall Street being arranged wherever posno different from the evil witch- Journal considered this of as sible. -Christian Century. doctors of the dark continent, much news value as dividend and their gross superstitions are announcements. Twenty-four Hour Service depressing. Obstacles to their evangelization include, not only "League of Decency" The First Methodist Church the character of the people, their of Hollywood, Calif., is like the language and nomadic habits, Because the alarming increase fire department and some resbut most discouraging of all the of vice and crime is preventing taurants in that it functions fact that the United States Gov- law enforcement and undermin- twenty-four hours a day, 365 ernment is actually trying to ing the efforts at character build- days a year. This service is preserve old pagan Indian cus- ing, the California Church Coun- rendered in the spirit of Christ toms. cil has formed a "League of and does not end with distribut- Decency" to enlist the churches ing baskets in the holiday sea- Approve World Council of in battling against these evils. son. A few of the things done Churches Last year, juvenile delinquency may be mentioned: over the entire state increased Twelve Evangelical Commun- from 10 to 15 per cent. The The chairman of the commitions in the United States have state authorities are becoming tee was called to a home where more and more lax in their the husband and father was out efforts to control liquor and gambling, and it is recognized

of work, a child sick, and the the Hotel Commodore. In 1836, would not claim to have orig- mother, discouraged and de- they supplied the old Hotel Astor inated it. It was Jesus Christ spondent, had purchased chloro- and there are now 426 hotels on who first said it," and opening form which she was about to use the list of those being served. his Bible the missionary showed to commit suicide. The chloro- It is interesting to know that the verse to the young Mexican.

form was taken away and the many of the Bibles disappear, so After reading it through three child given medical aid. Eventu- that the question of replacement times he exclaimed: "How wonally, the father found: a job and comes up about every third year. derful if everyone knew and the family is now on the road to As to definite results from this used that rule !" economic security. -Monday Morning. work letters received indicate Other services have been: great help in many instances. wheel chair furnished, medicine Hotel managers report that they Porto Ricans Meet Their bought, utility bills paid, helped are often asked for a Bible, if pay rent, helped find new homes, Quota helped keep young people in high one is not found in the room. Cases have been substantiated Bishop Colmore of Porto Rico school and college, furnished where the reading of a hotel is now in the 25th year of his layettes, secured employment, Bible has been the means of re- episcopate. He fee~s that spiritmade funeral arrangements- straining a person from suicide. ual life on the Island is becomthe church paying for the grave, This custom of Bible distribu- ing deeper and more vigorous settling a disputed doctor's bill, tion is now so widespread, settling an insurance claim for a through the New York Bible So- each year; this is indicated in widow. ciety and the Gideons, that a part by the 1,078 baptisms in hotel is not considered properly that diocese last year. Bishop A few more statistics may furnished unless each room con- Colmore challenges the maingive an idea of the magnitude of tains a Bible. land of the United States to this work: 6,233 miles have show a record equal to this. The been driven by one member of Church at Metlakatla, Alaska number of communicants inthe committee in making 1,373 creased by 263 or four per cent visits; 173 different families The Indian Church at Metla- as against an increase of one have been helped in which there katla, near Ketchigan, Alaska, are 339 adults, 337 children; was founded by William Duncan per cent for the whole Church. 1,019 of these visits were for seventy years ago. Its first carrying supplies, 354 for inves- twenty years were directed by Porto Rican Christians, in tigation and counsel. A total of the Episcopal Church of British spite of their terrible poverty, $3,165 in cash has been used. Columbia. It is now under local take pride in giving their full control, and has twelve elders. quota year by year, and as much Its newly installed pastor is a more as possible. Besides, they Congregationalist from Minne- sent gifts last year for flood re- One Result of Home Missions sota. Funds from William Dun- lief, and have contributed to the China Emergency Fund. Here is an illustration of what may be accomplished by home -Spirit of Missions.

mission work. Thirty-five years can's estate support the church, It's Training That Counts ago, the Lafayette Avenue Pres- which is independent. Duncan byterian Church of Brooklyn "My understanding of the sent a young man, Harry S. established a sawmill and can- principles of justice probably Murdock, to Buckhorn, Ken- ning factory which pay the cost differs somewhat from yours, tucky, to preach to the backward because I was trained in a people there. After thirty-two of city administration, and sup- Presbyterian Sunday school," years of service he died, leaving ply water and electric light, so said a prominent Porto Rican an entire presbytery of 37 lawyer to a member of the cabchurches which had their origin that every home has electricity, inet. Here is the cabinet mem- and there are no taxes.

-Presbyterian Tribune.

under his ministry. There is LATIN AMERICA ber's reply: "If your underalso at Buckhorn a school of 400 standing of justice differs from pupils, an orphanage, hospital, If Everyone Obeyed the mine, it is because the teachers mission farm and various other Golden Rule! in the Presbyterian Sunday institutions. "By the way," said a young school where I was trained were In honor of this founder, Ken- better than those who taught federal employee to a mission- you." -Dr. Angel Archilla. tucky has named a new state ary in Mexico, "I have been told road Murdock Trail. that in the United States they "Applied Meditation" in Cuba have a beautiful motto-per- More Bibles for Hotels haps a law or decree-some- At the close of a religious Placing Bibles in hotels is a thing about doing for others conference in Cardenas, Cuba, practice of more than 100 years' what you would like them to do the young. people in attendance standing with the New York for you. Can you tell me what agreed that the most helpful fea- Bible Society. Just before this is?" To which the mission- tUre had been the hour of "ap- Easter new Bibles went for the ary replied: "The government plied meditation" in the mornfirst time into the 1,956 rooms of officials know about this law, but ing, when each sought a place

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

of prayer. It was here they said widow and several children liv- of a permanent Bible Room in they found their place in future ing in surroundings not fit for the British Museum. The exhi- Christian work. Opportunities animals, undertook to clean bition at Sion College includes were offered to enlist in the dif- things up. She got clothing and some of the most famous ediferent activities of the Church. shoes for the most needy, and tions ever published, one being took one of the children to pub- the "Great Bible," printed in Among their practical under- lic health clinic. "She's really 1539, partly in London and parttakings was the pUblication of a ill-take her to the hospital," ly in Paris. In 1540, it was reweekly paper to be financed by said the clinic doctor, but at the printed in London as "Cranthe young people themselves, hospital there was no room. mer's Bible," and contained a and promoted through the activ- Back she had to go to her miser- preface by that ill-fated archities of their societies. This able home while the liguena con- bishop. Copies of the four polyweekly will take the place of the sulted the Red Cross. "Send her glot Bibles are in the exhibit. supplement in the monthly mag- to our clinic," they said, but on azine, Herald Cristiano. clinic day the child was too ill The Bible Room at the Mu- to be moved. So the League seum is designed to show the -Monday Morning. woman, not to be daunted, is history of the Scriptures in Eng- herself giving what treatment lish from earliest times. Half Indians Seeking aNew and help she can, teaching the the exhibits are in manuscript Religion mother at least the rudiments of form. The middle English period sanitation, and living up to the is represented by psalters. Then A group of Indians – the League motto, "Saved to Serve." there is a series of Wycliffe edi- Aymaras-who live behind the tions, which were forbidden unmountains that divide Lake Titi- -Presbyterian News til the 16th century, when one caca from the fertile lowlands Service. copy, here shown, was presented of Bolivia's interior, sent a few to Queen Elizabeth. soldiers to the war between Bo- New "Y" in Buenos Aires livia and Paraguay over the The printed editions began Chaco. One of them came with The Y. M. C. A. of Buenos with the only surviving fraga tale of a new religion, which Aires realized a dream of many ment of Tyndale's New Testahe began to tell his neighbors. years when it opened its new, ment. Cromwell's injunction is He told them that these evangel- modern building last June. It is shown beside the "Great Bible." icals did not lie or steal, that strategically located in the heart A woodcut on the title page they did not drink, not even at of the city and greatly extends shows Henry VIII handing the feast times, that they did not the service of the "Y." About Bible to Cromwell and Archbisquarrel with each other, and 5,000 people visited the building hop Cranmer; while below, a that they were happy because on the opening day, and some crowd of people have streamers God loved them. 1,000 made use of the athletic issuing from their mouths bear- department the first day it was ing the legend: "God Saue the Evidently the story made a available. Public confidence in Kyng." great impression on the Indians the Association's work is eviin this village, for they soon be- denced by a government grant Quakers in Spain gan to try to live according to of $92,000, of which the first inthe principles of the story, and stallment has been paid. Local It was a year last August left off drinking and stealing donations of $60,000 more have since the first group under the from one another. They have been received. Non-partisan Child Feeding Misrecently asked that a teacher be sion of the American Friends' sent to them. They have no reli- The Buenos Aires organiza- Service Committee went to gious guidance of any kind. tion dates from 1902, and since Spain to work on both sides of then it has constantly main- the conflict. The work is spon- -Christian Advocate. tained an all-round program of sored by the Federal Council, youth development by which and other religious and social How Chilean Women Work more than 40,000 young men organizations. In all, nine Amer- have profited. Its budget is icans have gone: four Friends, Chilean Christian women have raised entirely by fees and local two Mennonites, two Brethren a Liga, or League for Service. contributions. and one Methodist. Absolute Besides the work they do as a commitment to the way of peace group-sewing and knitting for -Christian Century. and spiritual sensitiveness have the poor, visiting jails, houses been regarded as essential qualiof correction, orphanages, asy- EUROPE fications, in addition to special lums, hospitals and homes-they training and general ability. Two lose few chances for individual "First" Bibles on Display of the American representatives service. A liguena offered to have been social workers, three take into her own home the child The 100th anniversary of the missionaries, one a peace workof a very poor woman who was setting up of the English Bible er, one a youth leader, one a stuto go to the hospital. Another in parish churches is being cele- dent and one an accountant. At set out to prevent the marriage brated in London this year by present three workers are in of a girl of fourteen to a man an historic exhibition at Sion much older. Another, finding a College, and t~e establishment

loyalist Spain, two in nationalist is lessened for those who have maintain a keen religious life in territory, as compared with the not been in this organization. each of its members, it organizes original one worker on each side. Those already in office are for- pilgrimages in Yugoslavia and bidden to send their children to Palestine and also "retreats." The first great need was found church schools. Its members undertake to pray to be for milk. Four milk sta- every day and to read religious tions have been established, and The above mentioned visitor books. Many villages have been women come as far as six miles, to Austria quotes verbatim one transformed, new churches have bringing undernourished babies of the leaflets which is being cir- been built. When a lecture was to these depots, the only places culated in Austria containing given on the organization and in that part of Spain where milk "50 points" directed against objectives of the Pilgrims, the is obtainable. Workshops for Christianity. This leaflet is one speaker ended with the quesrefugee women and girls were of a number that were issued to tion: "Do you believe that started and a boys' workshop the girls' section of the Hitler Christ will vanquish all difficulproduces alpargatos, or rope- Youth: ties and overcome all his adversoled sandals. The women sup- saries?" Fifteen thousand anply bedding for hospitals under Christianity is a religion for slaves swered with one voice: "Yes, the care of Friends which are and fools. For example, it says, we believe that."-Advance. run by English nurses. "The last shall be first" and "Blessed are the poor in spirit." New Oppression in Russia -Christian Century. Christianity is equivalent to Com- According to a recent news Protestant Committee in munism. bulletin, instruction in atheism Belgium will be required in all schools of German culture was on a high level Soviet Russia, beginning with In accordance with a recom- before Christianity, and has been an- 1939. A pedagogical institute mendation made last year by the nihilated by it. for instruction in atheism is to Congo Protestant Council, a be established to prepare teach- Committee has been formed in There is no Christian culture. ers for their new duties. Belgium, known as the Comite Christianity was nowhere desired, Consultati/ des Missions Prot- but pushed itself in everywhere. Jaroslavsky, head of the Soestantes du Congo Belge. Re- Christianity has corrupted the Ger- ciety of the Godless, has declared garding this Committee, the mans, acquainting them with concep- that atheism in Russia is now in Council suggested: tions, such as theft and adultery, the last stage of its struggle which were previously unknown to against religion. The year 1942', That its purpose be to create and them. he says, will mark the jubilee of maintain contacts between the Evan- How did Christ die? Whimpering the Soviet Union and the great gelical Churches in Belgium and the on the Cross. And how did Planetta festival of the victory of athe- Protestant Mission work in Congo. (the assassin of Dollfuss) die? He ism. By 1967, after half a cen- cried out, "Heil Hitler! Long live tury of communism, he predicts That it guide by its counsel Chris- Germany." that the 230,000,000 population tian men and women from the various The Ten Commandments are the of Russia will be completely godchurches in Belgium who offer them- expression of the lowest human in- less. Churches and cathedrals selves for missionary service in Con- stincts. will then be only a casual rego. A good people does not need a membrance of an early period. Saviour; only a bad people. There is one important omission That it make the Protestant work Nero was quite right to persecute in the plan: God is not taken inin Congo more widely known in Bel- the Christians. to account. gium, especially by the press, and defend its cause when required. Some of the "50 points," the AFRICA correspondent notes, are too ob- The Committee will work in scene to print; yet these leaflets Fellowship in Egypt cooperation with the Congo are issued to boys and girls at Council, and three of the larg- the most impressionable age. One of the most remarkable est and most important Belgian services of modern times was Protestant groups have appoint- Yugoslavia's Pilgrims held this year in the Anglican ed representatives to serve on Cathedral in Cairo. The service the Commission. Those who like to claim they was planned by the "Fellowship are descendants of the Pilgrims of Unity," which draws into its -Congo Mission News. will be interested to know of a ranks the Greek, Armenian, Cop- new development in the Ortho- tic and other Eastern Churches, Nazi Influence in Austria dox Church of Yugoslavia called as well as the Presbyterians, the "Pilgrim's Movement," Anglicans, French Evangelicals, Nazi authorities in Austria which is increasing in effective- GeI1man Lutherans, Methodists gain their point in a roundabout ness. Its influence is felt among and the Church of Sweden. way. One who has recently re- the country people as well as turned from that country re- among the intelligentsia, and its Seven languages were emports that no Catholic is ap- monthly periodical has a circula- ployed in the service. The openpointed to important office, and tion of 35,000. The aim of the this is the procedure; no church Movement is to promote a life trained boy may belong to "Hit- that is truly Christian, on the ler Youth," and only "Hitler basis of the Gospel. Its first Youths" can hold office; the principle is that all propagation prospect for other employment of Christianity must begin with a transformation of personal life. In additio~ to seeking to

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

ing part was corporate thanks- Jesus Christ. Quietly and unobtru- fact that so many countries, giving in which the Greek, Ar- sively His command to preach that widely separated geographicalmenian and Coptic Churches joined with the Anglican, Pres- Gospel is being carried out in Dji- ly, have combined to send 6,000,000 doses of vaccine to bouti, by word of mouth, by the wit- ness of changed lives, and by the byterian, French and German circulation of the written Word. Dis- China to check the spread of communities. Another feature tribution of portions of Scripture and cholera. Australia and Ceylon of the service was the uniting of phamphlets is carried on, and Bibles have each sent to the Chinese in English, French, Italian, Arabic, Health Administration 500,000 the choir of the Cathedral with Amharic and Gujerati have been the Greek, Armenian and Coptic given to all those really interested. doses, the American Red Cross -Life of Faith. 3,000,000 doses, the Pasteur Inchoirs. A climax was reached when in English Psalm CI was stitute at Hanoi 500,000 doses, sung. It was a fitting culmina- Africa Christian Missions Rumania 1,000,000 doses, Jugo- tion to this great act of praise in The Africa Christian Missions slavia 500,000 doses, and Turso many tongues, and the Cathe- is an independent Baptist mis- key 1,000,000 doses. Gifts of dral rang with the familiar sion operating in French West cholera vaccines have also been words. received from the Serum Insti- Africa, with its center in the tute at Copenhagen, the Egyp- -Baptist Missionary Re- capital of the Niger Colony, a tian Ministry of Health, and the view (India). cosmopolitan town of about Institute of Bacteriology at 20,000, including Europeans and Buenos Aires. Sona Bata Medical School natives from every section of West Africa. It is on the main It would seem reasonable for Government diplomas were caravan route across the desert, governments and people to unite given for the first time to grad- and Arabs from Morocco, Al- as readily to stamp out the evils uates of the American Baptist giers and Tunisia are thus of war and class hatred, with all Medical School at Sona Bata, brought into the sphere of the their attendant suffering. Belgian Congo at their first com- Mission's influence. mencement last March. Govern- -The Christian. ment officials took part in the The work is mainly among the exercises, and those present in- Djerma tribe, which numbers Per Capita Giving cluded other state representa- about 250,000 – all Moslems. tives, members of near-by Prot- Preaching services in other than There has been an increase of 79 cents in the average per capestant and Catholic Missions; the mission's own buildings are ita giving of the members of the also, the American consul and forbidden by the government; 25 leading Protestant denomina- accordingly, every opportunity tions of the United States and his wife. The five .graduates is seized for making contacts with individuals, and these con- Canada for the past statistical have all taken places of Chris- versations attract many of the year, according to figures pubtian medical service for their lished by the Philadelphia Eveown people. curious, who also hear the Gos- ning Bulletin. The 79 cents in- – Watchman-Examiner. pel. crease a person means an aver- In French Somaliland Market day provides another age gift of $13.25 and a total opportunity. The same method gift increase of $14,602,188, Informal meetings for edu- is used-the curious listening in though there was at the same cated young Arabs and Somalis, as the claims of Christ are pre- time a decline of 412,148 in the for discussion and comparison sented to a single person. Por- combined membership of these of the Bible and the Koran, are tions of the Scripture are dis- denominations. proving worth while in the pro- tributed to those who prove gram of the Bible Churchmen's their ability to read either Testaments for Jews Missionary Society at Djibouti, French, Arabic or the native French Somaliland. The num- tongue. Medical work is under- The Alliance Weekly reports bers vary according to the de- taken in a small way, each pa- the launching of a campaign for gree of Moslem hostility, but ten tient thereby providing another the prayerful distribution of a or twelve men of different na- opportunity for the presentation quarter of a million New Testationalities are regular attend- of the way of salvation through ments among Jews in various ants. Several of these have ac- Christ. A school is maintained lands. A special Testament is cepted Christ as Saviour. In in which the Bible is the text- being prepared, in which verses view of the bitter opposition cer- book. Classes in reading, writ- that signify the fulfilment of Old tain to be met, the question of ing and Bible memory work are Testament prophecies appear in open testimony is a difficult one. held for the natives, and there bold face type, thus showing the are classes in doctrine and evan- Jews that the New Testament Summing up the work of the gelism for the believers. is the completion and fulfilment past twelve months, the leader of Old Testament revelation, and of the movement says: International Cooperation that Jesus is the true Messiah, and the Saviour of both Jews Of spiritual achievement there can Those who despair of ever and Gentiles. A great volume be no computation. A large number seeing cooperation among na- of intercessory prayer is being of people-running into hundreds- tions may take courage from the sought. have been touched in one way or another by the Gospel of our Lord

Missionary

Books Briefly Reviewed for the Readers' Information ~========~==============~=====I~ The Household of Faith. By Arthur The biography is brief and to destroy or degrade men and Emerson Harris. 232 pp. $2.00. largely factual. The author, who women, body and soul. This has Fleming H. Revell Company, New also wrote the life of the late F. been clearly evidenced since the York,1938. B. Meyer, gathered this mate- days of Noah and the evil effects rial during the subject's lifetime of alcohol are very far reaching. Dr. Harris, a professor in and then died before the book Miss Reed's leaflet is full of in- Eastern Baptist Theological was published. He tells the story teresting and important facts Seminary, discusses the author- of boyhood struggles, of fruitful that speak powerfully against ity and trustworthiness of the service in four important pas- the evils of intoxicating drinks. Bible, the person and second torates, of soul-stirring religious The medical accuracy of the coming of Jesus, the message of work among the soldiers in the statements is vouched for by the Gospel, the Church as "the World War, of wide-reaching eminent physicians and the spir- Household of Faith," the wit- influence as a secretary of the itual truth is endorsed by promnessing duty and privilege of its Board of National Missions, and inent clergymen. Here is a sane members, immortality, the tran- of nation-wide travel as moder- and convincing study of a great scendent call of Christ, and re- ator of the Presbyterian Church, evil. Missionaries and pastors lated subjects. The treatment is U.S. A. who wish to warn and fortify in a popular style which sug- their people against intoxicants gests that most of them were Dr. McDowell was the author will find here a great storehouse originally sermons or chapel of several books and of many of facts gathered from scientific talks. The viewpoint is that of important papers but only two investigation and from sad exa firm conservative in theology of his messages-"A Challenge perience. So Roger W. Babson and Biblical interpretation. to Loyalty" and "The Basis for says: "We ought to work des- Some statements will probably a Better World"-are given in perately for prohibition of any be challenged by those who in- the two appendices. We ,wish evil, like intoxicating drink, that terpret the Bible differently; there might have been more of is destroying and degrading our but the author's spirit is irenic his messages on Bible truths, on youth." and not controversial. the Christian solution of social problems, and on mission work The Case Against Japan. By Charles ARTHUR J. BROWN. for Jews and Gentiles. The R. Shepherd. 242 pp. $2.50. Daniel chapter on "The Closing Years" Ryerson, Inc., New York, 1938. The Life of John McDowell. By A. was written by Dr. Charles J. Chester Mann. Illus. 12 Mo. 139 Turck, a fellow worker with Dr. If, as is commonly believed, pp. $1.50. The Westminster Press, McDowell in the Board of Chris- Japanese bureaus of informa- Philadelphia, 1938. tian Education. Those who read tion in America send to Tokyo these brief chapters will be in- copies of all publications here True stories of personal spired with new courage in the that deal with Japan, one may heroism and sacrificial service face of difficulties, and new safely assume that this volume have a strong appeal for read- loyalty to high Christian ideals will not be permitted to go outers of all ages. Here is a re- and methods in social and eco- side beyond the censor's office. markable record of a young boy nomic life. It is exactly what its title sugwho overcame serious handicaps gests, and is a tremendously and became an honored Chris- Alcohol-Its Physiological and Psy- strong "Case against Japan." tian leader in America, receiv- chological Effects and Their Social The author has had ample oping the highest honors his Consequences. By Mary Lewis Reed, portunity to ascertain the facts Church could confer. Boys will R. N. 15 cents each. $10.00 per since he was formerly professor be interested to learn how he be- thousand. Published by the Author. of history in Graves Theological came proficient in tennis-with 468 Fourth Ave., New York. 193-7. Seminary, Canton. He has travone arm; preachers will be in- eled extensively in China and terested in his victory over Christian missions are an or- was there in 1936 when the J apa stammering tongue; social ganized endeavor to save men anese landed a large force of workers will find much to learn and women by the power of the marines and personally witin McDowell's ideas and ideals Spirit of God. Alcohol, as a bevas to economics and social jus- erage, is the devil's choice tool tice.

Any of the books noted In these columns will be sent by the REVIEW publishers on receipt of price.

[ 5581 nessed their depredations. He uously to raise the standard of carryon this work to an unusual rightly considers that the con- degree. This book shows how flict now being waged is not the musical appreciation and to add this has been accomplished. Dr. beginning but rather the cul- Chisholm has made an outstandmination of a long series of ag- reverence and beauty to the ing record as a physician and gressions. He therefore devotes has been elected a Fellow of the the first part of his volume to a ministry of sacred song. American College of Surgeons concise survey of the historical but his chief interest is not the antecedents of the present situa- In a book of this limited com- curing of men's bodies, importion. He recounts the Japanese tant as that work is, but the occupation of Korea and Man- pass the treatment of historical healing of their souls through churia, the notorious Twenty- the preaching of the Gospel of one Demands, the attack on material must necessarily be out- the Lord Jesus Christ. To a stu- Shanghai in 1932, and other dent of missions the book is of . events. Then he proceeds to de- lined, yet the selection has been interest in showing how a misscribe the "undeclared war" now sion hospital can and should be, in progress. He vividly pictures made with unusual skill and not only closely united with the the ruthlessness of the Japanese, evangelistic work of the whole their indiscriminate slaughter of there is a valuable bibliography mission station but should itself helpless civilians, their abuse of become a center of active evanwomen, and the baselessness of for those who wish to make gelism, and the means of foundthe specious reasons they ad- ing new churches in hitherto unvance to justify their course. It more extended study. In com- reached districts through the is a gruesome story, and frank- contacts made with the patients. ly ex parte, but it is buttressed mon with most intelligent stu- The book reveals anew the possiby uncontrovertible facts, and bilities in personal work, even in by citations from official docu- dents in this field Mrs. Adams the most difficult conditions and ments that are of historic rec- it will furnish another link in ord. The indignant protest of deplores the flood of superficial the long and well tested chain of the author sometimes verges on evidence to the supernatural life the declamatory, and he uses too and transient hymns which and power inherent in the Word many lurid adjectives, but it is of God. hard to be moderate and judicial have appeared in recent popular in writing about the crowning This vivid record of a physiatrocity of this generation. collections and calls attention to cian's experiences deserves a wide circulation among young ARTHUR J. BROWN. the unquestioned fact that only people. They will be attracted by the well told narratives and Studies in Hymnology. By Mrs. hymns which are rooted in the it should arouse new interest in Crosby Adams. 96 pp. $1.00. the cause of Christian missions. Cokesbury Press. Nashville, Tenn., Scripture have permanence and Seeing souls reclaimed through 1938. the Gospel are the rich rewards spiritual value. of a life given to the proclama- An important contribution to tion of Christ in the non-Christhe growing literature on hym- A variety of settings of the tian lands. nology is this highly informing volume by Mrs. Adams. While Twenty-third Psalm used by the T. STANLEY SOLTAU. prepared as a textbook for study classes, it should have a wider Church during the centuries are "By Faith"-Henry W. Frost and the mission in broadening musical China Inland Mission. Dr. and intelligence among all Christian a striking feature of the book Mrs. Howard Taylor. Illus. 8 vo. groups. Pastors, choir leaders, 364 pp. $1.25. China Inland Mischurch officers and all who have and well illustrate the eternal sion. Philadelphia, Pa. 1938. to do with the service of worship will find here a wealth of vitality of the earliest manual of "There were grants in those valuable material-in fact, an in- days" when the China Inland troduction to Christian hymnol- praise. HUGH R. MONRO. Mission was born. Here is the ogy. The spiritual discernment story of fifty years of work of and sympathy with which Mrs. Vivid Experiences in Korea. By Dr. the Mission in North America, Adams deals with the great mu- W. Chisholm. IIlus. 146 pp. and of Henry W. Frost, for most sical heritage of the Church is $1.00. Bible Institute Colportage of that time the efficient Home the reflection of a lifetime of Assn., Chicago. 1938. Director for North America. It rich musical and cultural asso- is a remarkable, intimate story, ciations as author, composer, For fifteen years Dr. Chisholm well told, showing the rewards teacher and lecturer. She has has been a member of the Chosen of faith and courage, the labors won a high place in that devoted Mission of the Presbyterian of love and the reality of God's group who have labored assid- Church in the U. S. A. He has guidance and power. Much of been living in Syenchun, North this story is gathered from Dr. Chosen, where the work has seen such a remarkable development. The book is both a strong apolo- getic for medical missions and a splendid spiritual tonic as well.

Dr. Chisholm has written in a graphic conversational style which is easy reading and gives the reader many interesting glimpses of Korean country life, as well as some of the joys and discomforts which are the lot of any missionary engaged in coun- try itineration. The suggestive portrayals of various phases of native life and of Christian ac- tivities.

One of the outstanding fea- tures of the work of the Presby- terian Mission in Korea has been the emphasis placed upon per- sonal evangelism as the duty of every missionary and of every native Christian. All mission institutions, including hospitals and schools, have been used to

Frost's autobiographical notes, made by non-Catholics) that aids of coercion and punishment. letters and other records. . . . Far better is it to defend "the Protestants were as bad," the truth by loving, exploring, Henry W. Frost was born in declaring and obeying it, than Detroit, Michigan, of godly par- the writer demonstrates that by rousing against it, through ents; was graduated from the imposition of restraint, the Princeton; went into business persecution of Catholics by Prot- enmity of the rebel and the still and politics and then into work more subtle enmity of the cowfor God and the China Inland estants differed at vital points ard and the hypocrite." Mission. Here is a story of God's dealings. with the Mission from persecution the other way KENNETH J. FOREMAN. and the man; of the lessons he learned; of his growing faith about. Not only was persecu- Out of the East. India's Search for and courage and the fruitage in God. By Wm. A. Stanton. Illus. the work. It is a spiritual his- tion (where it existed) by Prot- 192 pp. $1.50. Fleming H. Revell tory and is rich in spiritual les- Co. New York. 1938. sons to Mission Boards, to estants less severe than by churches and to individuals. Dr. With a knowledge of the In- Frost, and his wife as well, are Catholics, but it was evoked by dian people developed through shown in their quiet gentleness; forty years of missionary servtheir loving, sacrificial service, Catholic aggression, prompted ice in South India, a clear mind, their humble faith, and cheerful a warm heart and a graphic pen, obedience. The growth of the by Catholic example, was will- Dr. Stanton describes India's China Inland Mission has been search for God as he has witremarkable. Its record is in- ingly discontinued, and on prin- nessed it. The author and his spiring. There are rewarding wife went out under the Ameriglimpses of such men as J. Hud- ciple cannot be renewed. As to can Baptist Board in 1892 and son Taylor, D. L. Moody, Wm. J. settled among the Telugus where Erdman, and others. Those who past and present the evidence is there has been such a remarkread this history will find their able response to the Christian faith strengthened, their ideals irresistible. As to the future message. of service elevated, and their spiritual life stimulated. policies and probabilities, all as- Dr. Stanton sees the dire need of India for Christ and he notes Roman Catholicism and Freedom. sertions must naturally be a signs of the religious hunger of By Cecil John Cadoux, M.A.Oxon., the Hindus. He has seen the Hon. D. D. Edin, Professor of matter of opinion; but where great Christward movement of Church History at Mansfield Col- the Untouchables and its influ- lege, Oxford University. Third this is based solidly on the anal- ence on the Sudras. He is con- Edition with additional notes. 201 vinced of the fact that the only pages. 5 shillings net. Independ- ogy of past and present experi- abiding and transforming re- ent Press. London. sults in mission work come ence, and the likelihood that through the work of the spirit This is a book you will seldom of God. see advertised and very seldom basic principles will not be abanreviewed, for reasons which the After a general description of author himself points out. It is doned, the argument is sound. India and its modern progress, a frank warning against the Ro- Dr. Stanton gives the evidence man Catholic Church, not by And such a base this argument of India's search for God as seen some fanatical irresponsible in their Hindu sacred books and pamphleteer but by a professor has. Dr. Cadoux makes a strong in their religious worship. He of Church history in one of the tells of the awakening of the world's greatest universities. He case, virtually incontestable. His outcastes and among caste peogives a factual record of the Ro- ples, of the rescue of Indian man Catholic Church's deliber- thesis is that since Rome's the- womanhood and of the upheaval ate and official opinion, during in Bengal. Then he very effecthe nineteenth century, on the ory of infallibility and of the tively tells the stories of some subject of persecution; together Christian converts from Hinduwith the evidence of actual perse- right to persecute remain the ism-Dr. K. C. Banurji, Naracution practiced by that Church yan Vaman Tilak, Pandita Rain areas as widely scattered as same (except that the death pen- mabai and Sadhu Sundar Singh. Malta, Ireland and Madagascar. Here is an excellent book for No medireval bogies are resur- alty may not again be invoked), reading circles and for mission rected; the illustrations are con- study classes. temporary. Catholic propagan- wherever Rome gains power she da is likewise described, in many The difference of race contributes forms. Against the retort (often will again attempt to crush out to the richness of the world. There is no ground for assigning intrinsic all other forms of religious faith. superiority of one race over another. -Sir Walter Moberly, London. Notes bringthis third edition up to date, answering some of the criticisms leveled at earlier edi- tions,and paying attention to the relation of the Roman Church to events in Spain and Abyssinia.

While the writer's special inter- est is naturally in Great Britain, and although the Catholic popu- lation of the United States is still a minority, the warning is not less important for us. If the entire case is as mildly put as in the points where the writer crosses the reviewer's knowl- edge, the book is certainly an un- derstatement rather than an exaggeration. The basic and es- sential point however is not a matter of individual incidents but of fundamental principles.

The difference between Catholic and Protestant here is well ex- pressed (p. 123).: "If Catholics have in their dogmas the faith they profess, they ought to be willing to trust to the power of their truth to cthoenveinxcteranmeoeun~ without needing

Reed Honored The Printed Page is a

The name of Mary Reed of that never tires, never flinches, never grows disheartened. Chandag Heights, India, is high- It travels cheaply and works while others sleep. ly hOlored, especially among friends of the lepers. She will The American Christian Literature Society for Moslems be 84 years of age on December 4th, and her birthday will be cooperating with the Nile Mission Press and interdenominawidely celebrated. From many tional Committees on the field is subsidizing the production of lands messages of love and ap- Christian literature for many lands and in several languages. preciation for her fifty-five years of missionary service will come Will you help to meet the challenge of increasing opportunities to to this white-haired heroine who send the Gospel in print to Turkey, Egypt, Arabia, India, Iran? learned forty-eight years ago tliat she had contracted leprosy REV. SAMUEL M. ZWEMER, D.O., President while serving as a missionary of MRS. WILLIAM BANCROFT HILL, Honorary Vice President the Methodist Episcopal Church. DELAVAN L. PIERSON, First Vice President Instead of bewailing her lot, REV. THOMAS S. DONOHUGH, Second Vice President Miss Reed returned to India to REV. JAMES CANTINE, D.O., Cor. Secretary serve the lepers. God answered MRS. JAMES M. MONTGOMERY, Treasurer her prayer and the disease was arrested so that she has been Make checks payable to the American Christian Literature Soable to spend nearly a half cen- ciety for Moslems, and send them to the Treasurer, Room 1019, tury in this service-and with- 156 Fifth Avenue, New York City. out a furlough. In America there will be celebrations of the anni- lB. Lesson Books, Scholar's Read- Dannie and the Alabaster Box. Conversary at Lowell and other ing Book, 2d., Scholar's Questions, stance Savery. 62 pp. 9d. Picker- Ohio towns associated with Miss 1d. S. P. G. London. ing & Inglis. London. Reed. A commemorative tablet is to be placed on the site of her Everyday Life in India. Two Outline For This Cause. Inabelle Graves birthplace and home at Lowell. Friezes. 18. S. P. G. London. Coleman. 199 pp. Pamphlet. 25 A dramatization of episodes in cents. Boardman Press. Nashville. Miss Reed's life has been pre- Let Us Build. P. E. Burroughs. 154 pared by Miss Lulu Irwin, Mid- pp. 60 cents. Broadman Press. Gateway to Tibet. Robert E. Ekvall, west secretary of the American Nashville. F.R.G.S. 198 pp. Christian Publi- Mission to Lepers. Ganga Ram, cations. Harrisburg, Pa. one of Miss Reed's India boys, Himself. The Autobiography of a writes: "Miss Reed educated me Hindu Lady. From a Classic in Joe Lives in the City. Jeanette Perand taught me to trust and know Marathi. By Ramabai Ranade. kins Brown. 36 pp. 25 cents. IlIus. God, the Father of us all. My Translated by Katherine Van Akin Friendship Press. New York. daily life speaks of her good Gates. 252 pp. $2.00. Longmans, teaching and glorifies the name Green & Co. New York. Report of the Keswick Convention. of our Saviour." 1938. 308 pp. 28. 6d. paper, 48. Annual Report of the China Inland boards. Pickering & Inglis. Lon- New Books Mission. 1938. Edited by L. T. don. Lyall. 110 pp. C. I. M. Phila- Calendars-Young Folks Calendar; delphia. ' The Meaning of Moody. P. Whitwell Grace and Truth; Daily Manna; Wilson. 157 pp. $1.50. Revell. 18 ea.; Golden Grain Daily Medi- The Christ. A. Wendell Ross. A Ne,! York. 'tation, lB. 6d.; Golden Terx;t, lB. 3d. Harmonized Study of the Gospel Daily Light Almanac, 13hd.; Our Records. 222 pp. $2.00. Fleming No Speedier Way. Golden Jubilee of Home Almanac, 1d.; The Bible H. Revell Co. New York. the Christian Literature Society of Almanac, 2d. Pickering & Inglis. China, 1887-1937. 144 pp. $1.20. London. AdvlE'ntures of Service. Stories of Christian Literature Soc. Shanghai. modern Pioneers. D. M. Gill and The Directory of World Missions. A. M. Pullen. 127 pp. $1.00 cloth, Out of the East. India's Search for Edited by Joseph I. Parker. 255 pp. 50 cents paper. Friendship Press. God. William A. Stanton. 192 pp. $2.00. International Missionary! New York. $1.50. Revell. New York. Council. London and New York. Blue Skies. Louise Harrison McCraw. The Presbyterians. The Story of a Indian Uplands. Some Stories of the 262 pp. $1.00. Zondervan Pub. Staunch and Sturdy People. Wil- Church in Chota Nagpur. Edward House. Grand Rapids.' liam Thompson Hansche. 194 pp. H. Whitley. 67 pp. S. P. G. Lon- $1.25. Westminster Press. Phila. don. Bird 'Voices, ,sonnets, Battle-Dore. William Bacon Evans. 68 pp. 25 A Sari for Sita. Nina Millen. 36 pp. Indian Brothers. Story Lessons for cents. Friends Book Store. Phila. 25 cents. IlIus. Friendship Press. Little Children. Dorothy Meadows. New York. 31 pp. S. P. G. London. "By Faith"-Henry W. Frost and the China Inland – Mission. 364 pp. Tales from Many Lands. Stories for Conquest of the Jungle. Stories of $1.25. China Inland Mission. Phila. Juniors. IlIus. 127 pp. 50 cents. the Kingdom of God in Chota Morehouse-Gorham. New York. Nagpur. Dorothy Harris. 70 pp. A History of the Expansion of Chris- tianity. Vol. II. Kenneth Scott Tales from India. Basil Mathews. Latourette. 492 pp. $6.00. Har- 96 pp. 50 cents paper, $1.00 cloth. per & Bros. New York. IlIus. Friendship Press. New York.

~ ~bri~tma~ ~ift ~uggt~tfon

Would you like to remember at Christmas time with a gift that comes every month some MISSIONARY PASTOR TEACHER SUNDAY SCHOOL TEACHER OTHER CHRISTIAN FRIEND?

You cannot do better than to send each one a year's subscription to 1HB MISSIONARY ~'VbRID This illustrated evangelical missionary monthly will keep them in touch with the need of men for the Gospel and the progress of missionary work in all lands. The leading authors include home and foreign missionaries of experience, pastors and other Christian workers.

DON'T MISS THIS OPPORTUNITY OUR iPECIAL CHRliTMAi OFFER is good only until December 23rd. We will send two annual "subscriptions – both new or one new and one renewal- for one year for $4.00. (Regular price $2.50 each.) Among the coming articles are papers by MEETING THE CRISIS AT MADRAS .. , ………………………… Paul W. Harrison CHRIST'S FORGOTTEN COMMAND …………………………. Eula Kennedy Long THE FUTURE OF CHRISTIANITY IN ASIA …………. " …………. Various Authors TWENTY·FIVE YEARS' PROGRESS IN AFRICA …………………….. " .D. M. Miller WHEN HINDUS Buy CHRISTIAN GoSPELS …………………..•. Mrs. R. S. Modak THE GooD NEWS THE CITY NEEDS ……………………………….. A. Scott CHRISTIAN SADHUS AND ASHRAMS ……………………………….. W. Q. Lash AMERICA'S PARTIOPATION IN THE WORLD'S CRISIS ….•……•.•.. Inabelle G. Coleman CLOSER COOPERATION IN MIsSIONS ……………………….. Alexander McLeish " WHEN A MIsSIONARY Is CONVERTED ……………………•.. ;Edith Fuess Henry Save $1.00. Take advantage of this offer NOW. Two Twelre-Month Subscriptions for $4.00 "

– ….——-_….._–……–….._———————————— MIsSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING CO., Third and Reily Sts., Harrisburg, Pa.

Enclosed please find $…………………….. for ………. subscriptions to THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD. ($2.00 each. Foreign postage 50 cents extra.) Name………………………………………………………… Address…………………………………………………………

Name………………………………………………………… Address……………………………………………:…………..

N;ame……………………………..:………………………… Address…………………………………………………………

Date…………………………………….. Signed ……………………………………………………………… ..

The Missionary Review of the World — April 1932

1932

The Church in'Life of the Nation Newton W. Rowell A Divided Church and Missions Cleland B. McAfee Open Door in Savage New Guinea R. Taeuber Self-Criticisln of Missions Today Oscar MacMillan Buck Student Evangelists in Burlna H. I. Marshall

Items Dates to

KAGAWA'S The Rev. John A. Mackay, D. D., April 29-30-Editorial Council of the formerly a missionary in South Alner- RELIGIOUS PRESS, Washington, D. C. NEW BOOK ica, has been elected a secretary of the Board of Foreign Missions of the May 2-General Conference of the New LiFe Through God Presbyterian Church. U. S. A. He METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH, At- expects to begin his service with the lantic City, New Jersey. Toyohiko Kagawa Presbyterian Board June first, devot- ing June and July to the work of May S-U-Biennial Convention of the Translated by Elizabeth H. Kilburn. Edited, the missions in Guatemala and in YOUNG WOMEN'S CHRISTIAN Assoand with an Introduction by Kenneth Saunders. The Mexico where he now resides. CIATIONS, Minneapolts, Minn. Japanese teacher and evangelisl gives us a line, peDetrative Btudy of the ali-supplying, all.embracing Btream Dr. Mackay is a native of Scotland May 15-21-CHURCH CONFERENCE OF of Bpiritual life which emanates from God ……. $1.50 and is a graduate of Aberdeen Uni- SOCIAL WORK, Philadelphia, Pa. versity and of Princeton Theological William Owen Carver, D.D. Seminary. At Aberdeen he was honor May 18-Annual Conference, METH- man in Philosophy and in 1915 won a ODIST PROTESTANT CHURCH, Colum- The Course of scholarship in Systematic Theology at bus, Ohio. Christian Missions Princeton. From the Seminary he went to Spain, perfected his knowl- !.lay lS-20-THE COMMUNITY CHURCH A succinct yet comprehensive record which traces edge of Spanish and in 1916 went as WORKERS OF U. S. A., Buffalo, N. Y. the main line of the history and developmelltof Christia. a missionary of the Free Church of MlsaioDB from their beginning to the present day .. $3.00 Scotland to Peru where he founded May 24-28-A GENERAL SYNODICAL the Anglo-Peruvian College. He is the MEETING OF THE REFORMED CHVRCH Charles Allen Clark, Ph.D. author of "The Other Spanish Christ: a Study in the Spiritual History of IN THE U. S., Cleveland, Ohio. Religions of Old Korea Spain and South America." May 26-General Assembly, PRESBY- These studios have behind them nearly thirty years *** TERIAN CHURCH IN THE U. S. A., of painstaking rosear"h on the pari of their compiler. A noteworthy study of an Important theme……. . Rev. L. Bentley, missionary of the * . . Denver, Colo.

._…………………………..1lIuatrated, $2.50 Presbyterian Church at Hamadan, * W. Reginald Wheeler Persia, has been selected to organize A Correction. In our March issue an error was made in stating that The Words of God in an the Sunday School work of Persia. Rev. Dr. L. Myron Boozer of Iowa, AFrican Forest: … … had been elected president of the … Board of National Missions of the The Story of the West African Mlsaion Presbyterian Church and Miss Ann E. JEAN KENYON MACKENZIE Bays: "A re- Dr. Conrad Hoffmann, secretary of Taylor, vice·president. It should have the International Committee on the been stated that Dr. Boozer was counting of the deeds of Christian adventurers _ _ _ Christian Approach to the Jews, and elected chairman, and Miss Taylor heroic and illustrious, shining out in lonoly places __ Dr. J. S. Conning, chairman of its vice-chairman of the National Staff a great contribution 10 Missionary literature." …. $3.00 North American Committee, have re- which met in Columbus, Ohio, in Jan- cently made a tour in the Middle West uary. This Staff is composed of the Arthur Judson Brown, D.D. and Pacific Coast States to form per- Staff Officers of the National Board manent local committees to undertake and the Executives of Synods and The Foreign Missionary the work of the committee in its area. especially designated presbyteries. Dr. Hoffmann is spending some A new and thoroughly revised edition of a missionary months in Great Britain and then *** elassic. Dr. Brown has brought his line study right goes to the Continent and to the Near up to date, and (if that were possible) lacreased ils A Correction-Dr. Judd's Address. value and significance………………….. Net $2.00 East. It should have been stated in con- nection with the reIJQrt of the address J. C. Winslow and Verrier Elwin *** of Dr. Walter H. Judd of China, be- fore the Student Volunteer Conven- Gandhi•' TInhdei.anDawFrneeodfom A. Victor Murray, of England, has tion in Buffalo, that the article as recently gone to Nigeria, at the invi- printed in the Review was made up of KIRBY PAGE says: "Few Britishers are SO well tation of the missionary societies in portions of the stenotype report which qualified to interpret the sigailicance of Mahatma Gandhi Southern Nigeria, to consult with the Dr. Judd had not had an opportunity to correct. This address, as corrected as are the authors of this volumea Here is an iB- (Continued on 3rd Cover) by him, is being published in the re- port of the Convention, and in a spevlgorating volume for all persons who are concerned cial leaflet put out by the Student about the future of Christianity in the Orient." …$1.50 Volunteer Movement.

Charles Ernest Scott, D.D.

*Chinese Twice-Born A group of authentic, Individual records, each and aU oC which discover the Gospel of salvation, operative In the life of a Chinese ChristilUl …………….$1.50 Indian Work .~ .JL. ~- TH-E-B- OA-R- D -O- F ~ FO~R~ EI~ GN~~ M~ IS~ SIO~N~ S .~ ..sz.., Lereine Ballantyne DEPARTMENT OF ANNUITIES Spirit Fire YOUR GIFT NOW A Story of the Petum Indians A graphic, absorbing pleinre is rendered of Indian liCe in a day when dreams were reg.rd.d~as being 'aU-important and a vigilant search maintained for the Tree oC Life ………………………………$1.50 Warren Eugene Crane WILL BRING TO YOU THE BLESSING OF GIVING WHILE LIVING AND THE Totem Tales: GUARANTEE OF THE BOARD OF FOREIGN MISSIONS THAT YOU WILL HAVE AN Indian Legends Prepared for Childroll Mr. Crane has devoted more than sixteen years to a INCOME FOR LIFE careful study of Indian lore, and knows his 8ubject ERNEST F. HALL, Secretary 156 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW YORK thoroughly……….. , ., ……………………$1.00 Fleming H. Revell Company New York – 158 Fifth Avenue PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH IN THE U. S. A.

Chat THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE

It' is cheering to hear words DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Editor of appreciation of the REVIEW in its new form-such as the fol- Vol. LV Ap,ril, 1932 No.4 lowing: Page We are more and more con- FRONTISPIECE-The Hon. Newton W. Rowell, K. C., LL. D…… . vinced of the usefulness of the MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE TOPICS OF THE TIMES ………………………………… 195 WORLD and we urge its reading India in the Balance Efforts for Peace in the Far East everywhere possible. Threatened Danger in Asia Missions and "War" in China AMELIA D. KEMP, Fifty-four Years Young Executive Secretary of the Women's Missionary Society THE CHURCH IN THE LIFE OF THE NATION., …….•…….. 199 of the United Lutheran Church. By the Hon. Newton W. Rowell. K.C .• LL.D.• leader in the Liberal Party I bought *a co*py*of THE RE- in Ontario; member of the International Missionary Council VIEW at the Florida Chain of A DIVIDED CHURCH AND MISSIONARY EFFORT …………. 202 Assemblies in January. It ap- By the Rev. Cleland B. McAfee. D.D.• LL.D.• author of "Changing Forpeals to me as the best maga- eign Missions"; Secretary of the Board of Foreign MissionSi :Presby- terian Church. U. S. A. zine' of the kind I have ever read. It inspires me and gives AN OPEN DOOR IN SAVAGE NEW GUINEA ………………. 205 me hope to continue with church By the Rev. R. Taeuber. Executive Secretary of the American Lutheran work. Mission in New Guinea MRS. CHARLES M. FISHER, SELF-CRITICISM OF MISSIONS TODAY ……….. ~" . . . . . . . . .. 209 Miami, Florida. By the Rev. Oscar MacMHlan Buck. D.D., author of "India Looks' to *** to , ',Her Future"; Professor of Missions and Comparative Religion at be allowed Drew University Might I say how STUDENT EVANGELISTS IN BURMA …………………….. 213 captivated I am with the new By the Rev. H. I. Marshall. Missionary of the American Baptist Foreign Missionary Society at Il)selri. Burma fDrm and dress of THE MISSION- ARY REVIEW. The March num- DO OUR MISSIONARY HYMNS NEED REVISION? ………… 216 ber has just been placed on my By the Rev. Samuel M. Zwemer. D.D.. Editor of The Moslem World; Professor of Missions and Comparative Religion. Princeton Theodesk and it is most attractive, logical Seminary and I, with its many subscribers, hope that it will continue to serve an ever widening circle of THE UNTOUCHABLES BY WHOM WE TOUCH INDIA ………. 219 interested readers. By the Rev. Warren H. Wilson. D.D.. Secretary of the International Association of Agricultural Missions; Town and Country Work. MAMIE C. G. FRASER, Presbyterian Board of National Missions Secretary of the Women's Missionary Society, HINDUISM VB. CHRISTIANITy………………………….. 226 United Church of Canada. By the Rev. J. Harry Cotton. D.D.. Pastor of the Broad Street Presby- terian Church. Columbus, Ohio, and Joseph Oook Lecturer to India, *** 1931-32 Look for These CHRIST'S METHOD OF EVANGELISM ………………….. " 227 "The Mother of a Thousand Chi- nese Girls" By Dr. Sam Higginbottom. Principal of the Allahabad Agricultural In- stitute; author of "The Gospel and the Plow in India" The story of Donaldina Cameron and her heroic work for A CHRISTIAN MISSIONARY TO MORMONS-William Mitchell Paden …………………………………………….. 229 Chinese girls in San Francisco by Dr. Arthur J. Brown. By the Rev. A. J. Montgomery. D.D., Department of Alaska. Indians and Mormons. ,Board of National Missions. Presbyterian Church. "On the Edge of the Great U. S. A. ,I" Closed Land" The story of Moravian work THE POWER OF INl)lA'S WOMEN. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 230 in the mountains of Lesser Tibet by Bishop Arthur Ward. By E. Marie Holmes. Principal of the Girls' Boarding School of the American Baptist Mission at Ganhati, Assam "A Missionary's Critics" EFFECTIVE WAYS O-F WORKING ……………………….. 233 Some interesting observations Edited by Mrs. Estella S. Aitchison by Dr. Paul W. Harrison of Arabia. WOMEN'S HOME AND FOREIGN BULLETIN… . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 237 Edited by Anne Seesholtz and Florence G. Tyler "How Can Christians Win the OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK …………………………… 241 Jews?" A Missionary Newspaper of Current Events An address by Dr. John S. OUR MISSIONARY BOOKSHELF………………………… 253 Conning, the national leader in wDrk for Hebrews in America. Recent Books Reviewed for the Readers' Information "Are Missions Too Expensive?" Publicatio)l Office 40 S. Meridian St.• Indianapolis, Indiana A study by Dr. Cleland B. Editorial and Business Office 156 Fifth Avenue. New York City McAfee who knows the cost and Entered as second-class matter at Post-Office, Indianapolis. Ind., under Act of the results from many angles. March 3, 1879.

"Can Mr. Gandhi Save India?" 25 cents a c':'py-$2.50 a year Foreign Postage 50 cents a year By an Indian Christian who Published monthly-All rights reserved. Copyrighted 1932 by the sees more than one side of the MISSIONARY REVIEW: PUBLISHING CO., INC. question. Board of Directors WHAT SUBJECT WOULD ROBERT E. SPEER. President SAMUEL MCCREA CAVERT MILTON J. STAUFFER YOU LIKE TO HAVE WM. I. CHAMBERLAIN, Vice-President MRS. ORRIN R. JUDD A. L., WARNSHUIS PRESENTED? WALTER MCDOUGALL. Treasurer SAMUEL M. ZWEMER WM. B.' LIPPHARD DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Secretary ERIC M. NORTH

HONORABLE NEWTON W. ROWELL, K.C., LL.D., OF

President of the Toronto General Trnsts Corporation: Liberal Leader in Ontario's Legislature, Delegate to First Assembly of League of Nations, Member of the International Missionary Council. (See article page 199.)

NARY

RJ3VIB ORLD VOLUME LV AN INTERDENOMINATIONAL REVIEW OF WORLD-WIDE CHRISTIAN PROGRESS NUMBER FouR APRIL, 1932 Topics of the Times INDIA IN THE BALANCE of the All-India Nationalist Congress to speak for India has been denied and strict police and mili- Keen disappointment was felt in all circles be- tary measures have been adopted to maintain law cause of the failure of the second Round Table and order. Conference in London to bring peace in India. It was hoped that the presence of Mr. Gandhi and Great Britain has clearly asserted her willingthe friendly attitude of Lord Irwin and Premier ness to grant India dominion status and to turn MacDonald might help to solve the difficult prob- over control of various departments as soon as lem of India's future government and her rela- practicable. Committees are already working tion to the British Empire. Mr. Gandhi went out various problems with the help of cooperathome disappointed and found India seething with ing Indians and the Viceroy has summoned modunrest and lawlessness in Bengal and the North- erate leaders who were prepared to confer on fuwest Provinces. ture plans. Many Moslems and other Indians are supporting the government in their efforts to The great obstacle to immediate self-govern- maintain peace and are ready patiently to work ment or full dominion status as a part of the Bri- out a satisfactory plan of cooperation. A sign of tish Empire seems to be the inability of Indian the times is evident in the appointment of women Hindus, Moslems, "untouchables" and various mi- to take the place of Nationalist Congress leaders nority groups to agree on representation and gov- who have been arrested. An eighteen-year-old ernmental control. The leaders of all classes in Brahmin woman has been appointed dictator of India agree in seeking self-government, but the the Poona Youth League and another Brahmin Moslems fear the overwhelming plurality of 238,- woman is dictator of the Maharashta Congress. 000,000 Hindus; the Hindus fear the warlike Women are also taking part in the violent revoluspirit of 77,000,000 Moslems, and the 50,000,000 tionary activities in Bengal. "untouchables" and other minorities are not willing to trust their fate to either great party; con- Mr. Gandhi stands for many commendable sequently they have been unable to agree on any ideals-including the abolition of child marriage, plan of representation and control. Moslems and of "untouchability," of the drink and drug traffic Hindus seem ready to attempt self-government, and of violence-but he is antagonistic to the only hoping to work out their problems without Bri- existing political government at present capable tish help. Great Britain, however, feels a re- of maintaining peace in India, and is opposed to sponsibility for the peace of India and is not ready the only spiritual power that can bring life and to risk the destruction of the peace, prosperity, satisfaction to his fellow countrymen, through civilization, and institutions she has built up Jesus Christ as divine Lord and Saviour. through a century and a half of effort. THREATENED DANGER IN ASIA Mr. Gandhi returned to India and urged wide civil disobedience, boycott and non-cooperation China's great affliction and Europe's preoccuwith the Indian Government. This program can- pation have offered the dominant military party not be carried out with non-violence and already in Japan an opportunity to strike a blow at China. several serious disturbances have occurred. At This is in spite of strong opposition within Japan Bombay the "depressed classes" made demonstra- itself. While there may have been provocation in tions against Mr. Gandhi, who claims to be their the disturbances in Manchuria and in the insecurchampion. As one inevitable result of the rejec- ity of Japanese life and property in China, nevertion of British proposals and the campaign of civil theless the Japanese are not justified in ignoring disobedience Mr. Gandhi and other nationalist treaty obligations or in allowing the militarists leaders have again been imprisoned. The right to invade the territory of their neighbor, regard- [195]

less of the consensus of world opinion as repre- cil asked Christian bodies in every country "to sented in the League of Nations. Intelligent Chi- implore the governments concerned to use for- nese and other clear-visioned observers on the field bearance and to settle disputes by peaceful means, acknowledge ignorance, rashness, selfishness and renouncing the use of force." This message was foolishness of many Chinese leaders which are transmitted to the representative Christian bodies largely responsible for political and economic dis- in Europe.

orders. These hinder the efforts to establish a It is reported from Japan that last October the stable government, but Japan's economic and na- Japanese police suppressed an entire edition of a tional interests could have been maintained by more peaceful means and by the promotion of magazine in which Dr. Kagawa appealed to a betfriendly cooperation. ter method than war for the solution of Man- churian problems. The government endeavored China, with over 400,000,000 people, offers a to protect Dr. Kagawa's life from assaults which wonderful market and a valuable friend for a might have resulted from his efforts to stem the friendly neighbor. China may be divided but will tide of the war sentiment. All who know him not be easily conquered, though she may suffer realize that he is not afraid of death, but that he greatly. If the League of Nations and America is wise and patriotic and self-restrained. A bold fail to effect her rescue at this crisis, her people anti-militaristic stand by any Christian individwill not only feel bitterly toward the enemy who ual or group would merely feed the fires of milihas attacked her, and toward those who stand idly tant patriotism ablaze in Japan. Dr. Kagawa by and see her despoiled, but China may turn has engaged the services of a full-time peace again to Communistic Russia and accept her god- worker, and has announced world peace as less program or she may naturally conclude that another of the definite goals of his "Friends of strong armaments and a militaristic policy are Jesus" and the Kingdom of God Movement. her only safeguard. If the Chinese people, com- Motoichiro Takahashi, an ardent peace advocate, prising nearly one-fourth the human race, be- is undertaking to promote a program for changcome fully militarized and seek revenge by force ing the attitudes of the coming generations in of arms they will menace the earth. In the mean- world relations even if the present war temper time outward attacks are healing many internal of the Japanese is beyond his influence. disorders and in this respect may prove a blessing in disguise. The patriotic fervor exhibited by If the settlement of international disputes were all classes, especially by students, has reached a left to Christians, there would be no wars, but it boiling point. If Christian institutions in China is difficult for Christians to exert sufficient direct and the Christian missionary forces can succeed influence to change the course of their governin teaching the Chinese wisdom and self-control; ments. Their responsibility is to educate and if they can promote the Christian spirit, while at agitate for international goodwill, for the extreme the same time they develop loyalty to country and limitation of armaments, for discarding aggresto treaty obligations; if America and Europe will sive policies and for peaceful methods of settling stand for justice and honor and will adequately controversies. The value of treaties, of league befriend afflicted China at this time, the effect will covenants and of world courts is now being tested. change the course of history-not only for China Will these agreements that have been entered into but for Asia and for the world. Evidently the by government representatives influence future Christian task in Asia is not yet completed. national action, when such a course seems to be against a nation's material interests? Is such a EFFORTS FOR PEACE IN THE FAR EAST provision as was adopted in Article XVI of the League of Nations Covenant to be disregarded Times of conflict and difficulty are opportuni- because it may injure trade or involve economic ties for Christians to show the Spirit of their loss? Great progress has been made in the past Master. When the Chinese crisis was at its be- half century in the settlement of racial, economic, ginning, President Chiang Kai Shek called a national and international disputes, for certain group of Christians to meet for prayer in Nan- moral rights and ethical prinCiples are acknowl- king, and his wife held daily prayer meetings with edged today, which were formerly ignored in a group of Christian women. The National dealing with weaker nations or groups, and the Christian Councils of China and Japan ex- machinery has at least been set up to deal with changed friendly messages advocating patience these questions. But selfish human nature has and asking for fellowship in prayer. Christians not radically changed and the only hope for the in America and England have joined in this establishment of God's Kingdom among men is world-wide fellowship of prayer. A cablegram through the new life and power that comes sent in February by the National Christian Coun- through the living Christ, taking possession of the cil of Japan to the International Missionary Coun- individual.

TOPICS OF THE TIMES

MISSIONS AND "WAR" IN CHINA in Hongkew where St. Luke's Hospital is also lo- The sympathy of the civilized world is largely cated. A shell burst on the grounds of the Shangwith China in the present struggle against the Japanese invasion. This is in spite of past and hai University (Baptist) on WInhlaanngdpMooisRsiiovner~obmu­t present disturbances in China that have involved did no damage. The China widespread destruction of foreign property and have often included the abuse and death of for- pound in Hongkew was recently sold and the headeigners and of Chinese Christians. Foreign aggression, misunderstandings and false ideas have quarters moved to the International Settlement. caused much suffering, but strong nations must deal patiently with one that is weak or in a state The Bible societies lost valuable plates and books of transition. Like Russia, China is today trying a great experiment in reconstruction but un- in the destruction of the Commercial Press in Chapei. The Presbyterian Mission Press, which was also damaged, had recently oeen sold. The Southern Methodists have valuable property in Hongkew but no serious damage has been re- ported.

like Russia, the leaders of China have not adopted 2. American missionaries thus far have not rea godless philosophy and are not endeavoring to ported personal losses. Many of them have been disturb the social and economic status of other busily engaged in relief and rescue work, and a countries. If bandits, disorganized groups of sol- Southern Baptist missionary, Miss Rose Marlowe, diers and other lawless elements have caused was roughly handled by Japanese irregulars when damage to Japanese life and property, this is due she was visiting mission property. Many missionto unsettled conditions and is not chargeable to ary women and children, under advice of the ~AumseirhicaanndconZsaunlz, ohkav(estaletifotnsNaonnkinthge SYoaoncghtosw~ the Chinese people as a whole or to the government. RIver) and have temporarily taken threefiurO~"oestsin. Shanghai. The men have remained at The Japanese armed invasion of Manchuria has resulted in the establishment of an autonomous Chinese government under the former "Boy Em- The Bible Training School for Women, conducted peror," Henry Pu-yi, under Japanese protection, by Miss Parmenter (formerly of Nanking), is in and separated from the national government the Kiangwan section, which was occupied by the Japanese, so that the pupils and teachers were (Kuomintang) and without reference to the will moved to the China Inland Mission headquarters of the residents of Manchuria. The Japanese invasion of Shanghai has been carried forward in the International Settlement. Women and children have also moved from Shanghai Univerin spite of the protests of American and Euro- sity, on the Whangpoo River about four miles pean governments and has brought death to thousands of Chinese and destruction to millions of east from Shanghai center, and the nurses of st. dollars worth of property. It has also endan- ?"ered the lives and property of many foreigners Luke's Hospital, conducted by the Protestant III an~ out of the Foreign Settlement, one part Episcopal Church in Hongkew, were obliged to of WhICh (Hongkew) was made a base for Jap- move the patients to St. John's University in Jessanese military operations. field (west of Shanghai). Apparently st. John's was not opened after the Chinese New Year holi- A letter from the REVIEW to American mission days. Missionaries have also been obliged to boards having work in the Shanghai area and in leave their apartments in Young Allen Court, Manchuria asked the following questions: Hongkew.

. 1. Has any of your mission property been damaged 3. Many Chinese Christians in Shanghai have III the recent Japanese-Chinese conflict or your work inter- suffered the loss of their homes, their business, rupted? their personal property and their churches in 2. Have any of your missionaries left their stations on Hongkew, Chapei and Kiangwan. Many refugees account of the present disturbance? have not been heard from and other Christians have doubtless been members of the Chinese 3. Have any Chinese Christians in your mission suf- army. Chinese members of the Young Men's and fered because of the Japanese military activity?

4. ~as. the present conflict and the outlook changed your mlsslOnary program in China? Young Women's Christian Association staffs have Answers received to date from twelve boards suffered; both the foreign and Chinese members give the following information: are busily engaged in relief work for refugees, thousands of whom are in the International settle- 1. Practically the only mission properties re- ment and in the French Concession. ported damaged in Shanghai are Chinese churches in Chapei and Hongkew districts. Some of these 4. The mission boards look upon the present are connected with the Christian and Missionary disturbance as temporary and plan no change fn Alliance (whose headquarters were in Chapei); their policy in China. The unrest has caused de- others belong to the Protestant Episcopal mission lay in building the new St. Luke's Hospital and

other forward movements have been hindered; the the Nominating Committee, the following Difinancial losses of Chinese Christians may mean rectors were elected to serve for the ensuing year: curtailment in expenses, but the present crisis clearly shows the need for more earnest spiritual Dr. Robert E. Speer, President-Executive Secretary of work in China and in Japan; the China Inland the Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions, U. S. A. Mission and others report increased evangelistic opportunity around Shanghai. Dr. Wm. 1. Chamberlain, Vice-President-Secretary, Board of Foreign Missions, Reformed Church in America. The only American societies having work in Manchuria are the Presbyterians, the Methodists, Walter McDougall, T1'easurer-Manufactul'er, New the United Church of Canada and the Y. M. C. A. York. and Y. W. C. A. The Methodist and Presbyterian work is among Koreans near the eastern Man- Delavan L. Pierson, Secretary and Editor. churian border and in Harbin. Y. M. and Mrs. Orrin R. Judd, President of the Council of Women Y. W. C. A. work has been somewhat interfered for Home Missions. with by the Japanese demand that activities close Dr. Samuel McCrea Cavert, General Secretary, Federal before dark. The work among Koreans has also Council of Churches of Christ in America. been more difficult. The foreign workers have re- Rev. Wm. B. Lipphard, Secretary, American Baptist mained at their posts to encourage and strengthen Foreign Mission Society. their people in danger and distress. Dr. Eric M. North, Secretary, American Bible Society. Dr. Milton T. Stauffer, Pastor, Reformed Church, New The situation in eastern Asia, in India and Brunswick, N. J. throughout the world is convincing evidence of Dr. A. L. Warnshuis, American Secretary, International the supreme need for extending the sway of Missionary Council. Christ over the hearts and lives of men of every Dr. Samuel M. Zwemer, Editor of THE MOSLEM race and nation. Christians in Japan and China, WORLD and Professor of Missions at Princeton Theoin America and England are earnestly praying logical Seminary. and working for peace, not only through disarmament and treaties but through united prayer and During the past year one of the original memeducation, and by the manifestation of the Spirit bers of the Board, Mr. Fleming H. Revell, entered of Jesus Christ whose realm knows no national into Rest and left a vacancy difficult to fill. Two or racial boundaries. stockholders, Mrs. Margaret B. Fowler and Mrs. Wm. Reed Thompson, and a valued friend and FIFTY-FOUR YEARS YOUNG member of the Editorial Council, Dr. Fennell P. Turner, also have rested from their labors. For over half a century THE REVIEW has served the missionary cause as an independent and evan- The main features of the Annual Meeting were gelical magazine with a world-wide outlook. No three addresses-by the President of THE REone can tell the number of volunteers who have VIEW, by the Rev. Jay S. Stowell, Publicity Secrebeen led, through reading THE REVIEW, to de- tary of the Board of Home Missions and Church vote their lives to missionary service; or the num- Extension of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and ber of pastors and other Christians stimulated to by the Rev. Samuel M. Zwemer, D. D., of Princetake a deeper interest in the work of the King- ton. Dr. Speer spoke of "Some Current Missiondom; or how much prayer and giving has been ary Problems and their Solution." Mr. Stowell promoted by reading one or more of the 5,000 reviewed the present conditions in the United articles printed. That such results have followed States as created or indicated by poverty, neglect the publication is abundantly shown by personal and irreligion. He pointed out the tremendous testimonies and by correspondence. Wide influ- importance of the Home Mission enterprise and ence has also been exerted through the many quo- the need for regenerating many neglected areas tations and translations printed in magazines in in American life. Dr. Zwemer's stimulating admany lands. dress on "Missions in the Mohammedan World" was illustrated with stereopticon views. For the past sixteen years and a half THE RE- VIEW has been controlled by an interdenomina- In the present crisis in Christian life and work tional Board of Directors, whose chairman from at home and abroad it is especially important that the first has been Dr. Robert E. 'Speer and the faith in the Word of God and in the Son of God; Treasurer, Mr. Walter McDougall. At the recent emphasis on the spiritual resources and prayer; Annual Meeting, held on the afternoon of Febru- setting forth the need for united action among ary 11th, a large number of stockholders and other Christians of every name, under the guidance of friends gathered at 156 Fifth Avenue, New York. the 'Spirit; advocacy of sacrificial service and a After reports by the Secretary, the Treasurer, and forward movement policy-for all of which THE REVIEW stands and has stood for over half a cen- tury-that these should be continually held up be- fore the Church and should be the guiding prin- ciples of the coming generation. There is need for such an evangelical, interdenominational, inde- pendent magazine.

Church In the Life of the Nation*

By the HON. NEWTON W. ROWELL, K. C. I Toronto, Canada I~"

~========~==~==~~~==~============~ W E are living in one of the m.ost interesting measureable degree in improving the condition of periods of human history. The marvel- the masses of the Russian people, the results will ous discoveries of science are giving us not be confined to Russia, but its repercussions an ever-expanding universe, but an ever-contract- will be felt throughout the world. It is a great ing world. We have been thinking in the past in constructive, as well as destructive, experiment, the terms of countries, or continents or :nationali- and if it must be tried out, one is glad that it is ties. Now, we must think in being tried out elsewhere than world terms, for we are living History affords no parallel to on this continent. in a world era. The last war the present world situation- In China, where dwells onewas truly a world war-and especially in the reconstructhe first world war-for all the tion going on in Russia and in fourth of the human race with great nations were involved in China. We must 'have a world no common language which all it, and it affected every human outlook or we will be left be- can understand, with no modbeing on this planet. Now we hind. The Christian Church ern systems of transportation have a world court to settle dis- has a responsibility in nation- to connect the widely sepaputes between nations; we al and international affairs. rated parts of their country, have a world bank at Basle to Shall militarism or national- unaccustomed to self-governdeal with problems of world ism or atheism or Christian ment, we are witnessing the finance; and we have a world principles prevail? The for- spectacle of a great people endisarmament conference. We mer president of the Council deavoring to change fundamust have a world outlook. of the Government of Canada, mentally their political, eco- Transportation and communi- a leader in national and inter- nomic, educational and social cation are making of the na- national statesmanship, and a institutions in the short space tions one great community. member of the International of a few years. History af- Missionary Council effectively fords no parallel. It is a task While we are pas sin g shows the importance of the for supermen and if the results through an acute depression in Christian Church in national are disappointing to them and the business cycle, we are, at to us, we need not be surthe same time, witnessing life. prised. We must, however, fundamental changes in the po- recognize the great signifi- litical and economic structure cance of the Chinese revolution of society. One might illustrate these changes on the rest of humanity. Notwithstanding the by reference to Russia, China, India, and, to some civil wars and banditry, the Chinese are essen- extent, Germany. I shall content myself with tially a peaceable people, and if they find they referring to Russia and ChiI).a. cannot defend their frontiers or secure redress Russia is trying out one of the greatest politi- of their grievances, save by force, they have the cal and economic experiments in history. While courage, the energy and persistence to arm them- we do not accept either the political or economic selves and endeavor to secure by force what they theories of the Soviets and are fundamentally op- cannot secure by right. The situation in China posed to their attitude toward religion, we must, is one of the world's great problems today.

nevertheless, recognize that the success or fail- In the midst of these great movements and ure of the Russian experiment will have a pro- others, one might mention there is developing an found effect upon the course of human history. extreme form' of political and economic national- If the Russian experiment should succeed to a ism which is tending to separate the peoples of • An address g;ven at the annual meeting of Home Missions Council. the world into competing and hostile groups. Toronto. January 5. 1932. This extreme, political nationalism is expressing (199]

itself in increasing armaments, and extreme eco- Second: To Christianize our ecclesiastical renomic nationalism, in mounting tariffs that are no lations. The Church, divided as it is today, is longer merely for protection but are primarily wholly unequal to the task of grappling with and for the exclusion of the products of other nations. overcoming the forces arrayed against her. In Whole nations appear to be under the delusion view of the magnitude of the problems which the that they can continue to export without import- Church is facing, how is it possible to justify the ing. They appear to be losing sight of the funda- expenditure of time, energy and money by differmental fact that trade is essentially barter-na- ent denominations in the same community comtions cannot, in the long run, sell, unless they are peting with each other, when the time and energy of one would serve the community better and reprepared to buy. lease the remaining resources of men and money for other and more important tasks. How can One of the disastrous results of the last great the Church speak with the voice of authority to war, and of the growing political and economic a disturbed and distracted world so long as the nationalism of the past ten years, is seen in the several branches of the Church continue to spend present world-wide depression, in which millions their energies in competing with one another, have food to sell and cannot find buyers, and mil- rather than in facing together the common task? lions in need of food have not the money with Never was the need greater than at the present hour that the whole Church should pray the which to purchase it. From these results we can- prayer of Our Lord "That they all may be one . . . that the world may believe that thou has not escape until we remove some of the contrib- sent me." uting causes. Third: To Christianize our social and eco- When the last war was fought it was said to nomic relations. What is the Christian attitude be a "war to end war," and men who gave up toward business? Surely the great objective their lives fondly believed their sacrifice would should not be what it is-simply to make money not be in vain, and yet all the great powers are regardless of the methods by which it is made! spending substantially more on armaments today The Church must proclaim that in business as in than they did in 1913. These increased arma- morals there is a fundamental right and wrongments not only add to the burden of taxation, man should practice the right and ~,' ld the which is weighing down upon the peoples of most wrong. lands, but they increase suspicion and distrust among nations. Everywhere there is fear, in- What is the Christian attitude toward the restead of faith, distrust instead of confidence, and lations of labor and capital? Surely it cannot be the very foundations of our political, economic, that of class war! It must be that of cooperation social and religious institutions are being chal- between the two, recognizing the fundamental lenged as never before. rights and privileges of every human being.

In the midst of the confusion, one hears on Fourth: To Christianize our racial relations. every hand the increasing proclamation of a Millions of people repeat daily Our Lord's Prayer, purely materialistic interpretation of life. and how frequently those who pray fail to appre- ciate the significance of the petition "Our Father" What Shall the Church Do? and of the truth of the declaration of St. Paul, "That God has made of one blood all nations of Under these conditions, w/w,t is the place and men for to dwell on all the face of the earth." function of the Church in the life of the nation? The Church should set its face steadfastly against all racial prejudices, and seek to remove these First: So to present the life and teachings of prejudices by the proclamation of the Gospel of Christ that men may choose that Way of Life. It human brotherhood. is revolutionary teaching-it was revolutionary in the first century. It was said of the first Chris- Fifth: To Christianize our international relatian leaders that they were "turning the world tions. No emotions are more easily stirred than upside-down." It would be .revolutionary in the those of national animosity, and no emotions are present century, and if put into practice the less Christ-like. The Church must set its face charge against its leaders would be the same as against the unreasoning nationalism which would nineteen centuries ago. cultivate ill-will towards other people, and pro- claim the Gospel of Goodwill. The world is so The world is cursed with selfishness, individual shrunken in size that our humanity is now one and national. We expect it and suspect it every- great community and the nation state is no longer where. It lies at the very root of our troubles. an adequate organization to meet the needs of hu- One of our greatest needs is a new birth of unselfishness, where the joy of life will be found in service, not in self-gratification. "For whosoever will save his life shall lose it, but whosoever will lose his life for my sake the same shall save it."

THE CHURCH IN THE LIFE OF THE NATION

man society. It is essential that there shQuld be of Canada herself and of all other creditor CQunsome system of organized cQoperation among the tries if inter-governmental war debts and repara- nations for the preservation of peace. It is fQr tions were entirely cancelled. I believe it would this purpQse that the League of Nations and World give the world new hope and new courage, and Court have been established, and they have al- start the wheels of industry moving again. The ready made a great contribution to international creditor nations would, in the end, gain vastly cooperation and to world peace. I am not here tQ- more by the improvement in their own industrial night to appeal particularly fQr the League of Na- and economic condition as part of the general tions or the World Court, but I submit the reSPQn- world recovery, than they could possibly lose by sibility rests .on those who are not prepared to the cancellation of these debts. accept these organizations as instruments for international cooperatiQn and the preservation .of Existing military armaments are inconsistent peace to devise some other and better methQd with the Christian conception and ideal of interwhich all can accept. Organized international co- national relations. It would appear tQ be essenoperation is essential, if our civilization is to sur- tial that these armaments should be reduced if vive. Our experience and belief in Oanada is that humanity's fears are to be allayed and its burdens in the League of Nations and in the Permanent lightened and peace made possible. Court of International Justice we have suitable organizations fQr internatiQnal cQQperation,' which, Under existing conditions tariffs, formerly prothe more fully they are availed by the nations, tective, are, as I have already said, becoming exthe more adequately they will meet the world's clusive. They are driving nations apart in need. thought, sentiment and feeling, and are tending to make some nations bankrupt. The tariff ques- The United States has been represented .on the tian is ceasing to be purely an economic question; Permanent Court by one of its most distinguished it is becoming a moral one, affecting the welfare jurists ever since the Court was organized. The of humanity. There must be substantial reduc- President has nQW signed the Protocol for adher- tion in tariffs if international trade is to be reence of the United States to the Court, and it is vived. before the Senate for ratification. May one express the earnest hope that the United States, The task of the Church was never greater, which led the way in the movement for the cre- never more urgent, never more inspiring. I know ation of the Permanent Court, may soon become of no agency which can make so large or so valua member of that Court, and thus add greatly able a contribution to the permanent solution of tQ its prestige and strength. these grave and menacing problems as the Church. While these problems in many of their The Burden .of War aspects are political and economic, they are funda- mentally moral and religious-not that the Church As a result of the last great war the world is should attempt, in its corporate capacity, to solve struggling under a burden of inter-governmental these problems, but it clearly is the mission of the war debts and of reparation obligations which Church to create that atmosphere of brotherhood the debtor nations are incapable of discharging. and of goodwill among all peoples, which would Canada is one of the creditor nations in respect of not only make the solution of these problems posreparations, and she is not a debtor nation in re- sible, but would insist that the problems should spect of inter-governmental war debts. She in- be solved in the spirit and atmQsphere of .goodwill curred enormous obligations during the great war, and of brQtherhQQd. I can imagine no finer or but, like the United States, she owes these obliga- greater opportunity for service tQ the nation and tions to her own people. I have no hesitation in to the world than that enjoyed by the Christian saying that I believe it would be in the interests minister of today, for in his message lies human- ity's greatest hQpe for the future.

"0 tender Shepherd, climbing rugged mountains, And wading waters deep, How long wouldst thou be willing to go homeless To find the straying sheep?

"'I count no time,' the Shepherd gently answered, As thou dost count and bind .

The days in weeks, the weeks in months and years; I seek until I find, "'And that will be the limit of my journey.

I cross the waters deep, And climb the hillsides with unfailing patience Until I find my sheep.'''

A Divided Church and

Effort By the REV. CLELAND B. McAFEE, D. D., LL. D., ..:{ New York ):..

Author of" Changing Foreign Missions"

W ITH all zeal for a closer fellowship among rates brother from brother. Nobody wants the churches it must be admitted that the this kind of division and those who still best modern missionary work has been believe in the existence of denominations mean done by a divided Church. Where the Roman that the spiritual unity of Christian broth- Catholic Church has had undisputed sway in ill- erhood shall be maintained. If this can be troducing Christianity the 're- done, the rest will take care of suIts do not make one wish for itself.

such possibilities too widely. Is denominationalism the Moreover, the mission field On the whole, a healthier and "scandal of Christendom" at is the scene of many helpful more vigorous religious life home or abroad or are the di- movements toward union and results in lands where the visions a necessary expres- of a vast amount of coopera- Protestant forces are at work, sion of individuality? Does tive work, both among mis- and these are divided forces. It the mUltiplication of sects in sionaries representing Western would be poor argument to the Protestant Church in- Churches, and among the na- suggest that it is their division crease friction and administra- tional Christian groups formed that gives them power. All tion expense and decrease effi- from their work. These coop- that is now argued is that their ciency or does it increase in- erative enterprises cover a divisions have not hindered a terest and giving and decrease wide range-education, medi- certain degree of success in the danger of politics and cen- cine, translation, Christian lit- commending the religion of tralized power in the Church? era t u r e, training Christian Christ to those in mission Dr. McAfee ,has had wide ex- workers, establishing churches, lands. perience as a college and sem- and much more. There are We cannot argue that if only inary professor, a pastor, p a i n f u I exceptions-a few all the churches would unite in moderator of the General As- among the definitely organized one church we should then be sembly, world traveler, stu- churches, and rather more able to "win the world" speed- dent and missionary execu- among groups following par- iIy. Indeed, one of the baffling tive. His view of the situa- ticular lines and declining to facts of American life is that tion is worth pondering. cooperate with others. But so many instances occur in anything that gives the im- which the reduction of church- pression that the mission field es to one in a community does not result in deep- is the scene of strife and faction and confusion ening the religious life Or accomplish the chris- because of church divisions exaggerates the fact.

tianizing of the people. Possibly the Christian One wishes the story could stop there, but that faith is too rich to find an outlet in one form of would not be right nor accurate. Existing expression, either of belief or of practice or of church divisions are at many points terribly worship. If two groups of Christians could be costly to the missionary enterprise. The Chris- thoroughly Christian and accept each other as tian faith has been shamed before the unbelievers fellow-believers, they might do better service for of mission lands. Factions have even taken Christ as two groups than if they became one. cases into national courts, making plain the rea- The curse of division is that it cuts down into sons for the Apostle's horrified exclamations the spirit of believers so often and really sepa- against such unworthy practices. Small bodies [202] have refused to take part in joint efforts to make costs on the field are often heavier than they Christ known, because of some pressure from the ought to be and these are almost never reckoned home field. Many missionaries would go much among the items of "overhead" because they are farther than their supporting constituency would outside of America; They are still "overhead,"

permit in recognizing the equal Christian wit- however, since they are part of the cost of getting ness of other workers. Divisions in the West the work done.

are sometimes duplicated in the East on terms It is a grave question, which we ought to face, which would be ridiculous if they were not tragic whether it is necessary to maintain separate mis- and are often based solely on traditions brought sion boards and committees, with secretaries, in bodily from the West. treasurers, clerks, publications, promotion work- ers, using a considerable percentage of gifts for Three Serious Hindrances the purpose, when a number of them could be united at a great reduction of cost. It is the duty At least three serious hindrances can be traced of each board to keep a steady eye on its outlay, to church divisions among ourselves. but there is no escaping a heavy load of expenses I. These divisions result in a heavy increase by any supervision. Many dollars are used in adof "overhead" in missionary administration. It ministration because of church divisions in the is a testimony to the essential missionary nature West which could be released for field work if of the Christian faith that virtually all of the the divisions were healed or ignored. Western divisions have missionary work in other lands. No sooner does a group break away from The Influence on the Mission Field an existing body than it proceeds to undertake missionary work of its own. Sometimes the II. These divisions have a constant and in- smaller groups are deceived into thinking that evitable influence on the growing Church on the their work has no overhead cost because there is field. Most of the field divisions are the out- no paid secretary nor rented office. All the work growth of Western divisions, though many are is done voluntarily and without salary. But the now kept alive by nationals who are more earnest person who does the work has to live and all that in maintaining them than the missionaries. In happens is that somebody else pays the cost of several instances the missionary force by large living-a church which releases a pastor or a majority would have wiped out a divisive distinc- church worker long enough for this extra work, tion but the national believers stood with the mis- or an individual who makes this his gift to for- sion minority and refused to agree to any such eign missions can give less directly because action. This is often reckoned a particularly loyal he pays the collecting and transmitting costs of course on the part of the nationals. In most in- the enterprise. As the work grows, it becomes stances they have learned their lessons from ear- inevitable that someone must give more time to lier or present missionaries who brought it from it and presently an assistant secretary or treas- the West. In one country I had occasion to list, urer is employed and a modest office is rented so with a veteran missionary, all the thirteen sep- that supporters can be kept informed. Printing arated Christian groups, some in sharp antago~ bills begin to be larger than purely voluntary nism to the others, and I found that not one of gifts will meet, so they absorb the gifts of some them had originated in the land itself. All had donors, part of which might have gone directly been imported from America or Great Britain.

to the work. From this point on costs are sure On the other hand, there are cases where na- to increase and the best anyone can do is to resist tional groups wish to obliterate the division increased expenses at every point. which has been brought from the West and find But it would be possible to administer the that they can do this only by severing their rela- American or British end of several boards or com- tion to the sending body to which they owe their mittees at slightly more than the present cost of knowledge of Christ. The hand of the West one. The three or four largest boards in America reaches over to restrain them and to maintain could unite their forces and reduce their "over- among them the conditions which have seemed head" to little more than the cost of the largest. necessary on this side of the sea. But when West- They deal with the same problems, cover the same ern divisions are healed it is discovered that these fields at many points, could meet the same difficul- restraints are not necessary and the groups flow ties in ten fields as easily as in eight, and could together. It would release many national groups release a great deal of money for field work. Ad- for their larger and more efficient service if the ministration costs more at the point where all divisions of the sending churches were healed.

bills are highest, namely, in the home offices. Even III. The divisions in the Christian Church so, it must not be overlooked that administrative tend to magnify distinctions within the Christian

message rather than to emphasize the central initial, simpler steps in the Christian faith. But heart of the message which is common to all in- the serious danger is that in presenting to new telligent believers. The Gospel got its start in believers the special accents which mark us here the first place on very simple terms. The divisions we may shadow to their minds the big, central which now mark the Western Church' are not realities by which we all live. As wise helpers of native to the Gospel but are native rather to us. the faith of our brethren we have no wish to close It is not fair to load up the Gospel in a new land any pathway of discussion which may open bewith acquired elements which are not essential fore them, but our own part is to give them right beginnings in the simpler faith with which the to it. church starts. Courses that rest on our divisions We need not minimize the importance of the really misrepresent the Christian faith, which is meant to bring us together, not to separate us as things that divide us, but there can be no doubt believers. that the things that are common to us are the greater things, the central things, of our faith. Avoiding any exaggeration of the hindrance Or, to word it differently, the simpler things of caused in the missionary movement by our Westthe Gospel are the common things; the more in- ern divisions, there is danger and hindrance tricate things, the profounder implications of the enough in those divisions to drive us to heal them, faith are the debated things which are the ground or at least to ignore them, when we undertake to of our differences. We need not decry our own give others the essential Gospel through which we divisions even when we deprecate the transmis- have been saved. sion of them to others who have still to take the Present Trends in Foreign Missions Dr. Cornelius H. Patton in his address at the opening session of the conferences for the newly appointed missionaries of the American Board, set forth the following four- teen points showing some of the present-day trends in foreign missions: 1. To transfer leadership and ownership to the national Christians of each land as early as pos- sible.

2. To recognize more fully the responsibility of governments and to cooperate with them in so far as fundamental Christian principles allow.

3. To encourage and conserve the values of indigenous religion and culture wherever found, seeking always to domesticate Christian ideals and institutions in the environment and tradition of each land.

4. To maintain, as may be necessary, the distinction between Christianity and so-called Christian ci viliza tion.

5. To interpret the Christian message in such a way as to make it applicable to the total life of a people.

6. To make evangelism complete by emphasizing the Christ-sp,irit as the saving element in all proc- esses of social improvement.

7. To stress the improvement of rural communities as the special need of the hour.

8. To adapt education to the circumstances .of a given people and as furnishing the background for national strength as well as for the development of the religious life.

9. To offer motive and guidance in the effort to save the people of the East fr.om the mistakes of the industrial order of the West.

10. To work for the consolidation of the Christian forces throughout the world.

11. In the selection and training of missionary personnel to insist upon the highest degree of effi- ciency attainable.

12. To help people at home and abroad to realize and appreciate the world of our day as a unity of interests and aspirations.

13. To attempt to preach the eternal Gospel by word and in terms that men and women of this age will understand.

14. To find in the leadership and saving power of Christ the only hope of a distressed and bewil- dered yet spiritually hungry world.

Dr. Patton added that the American Board could honestly lay claim to having worked through the years along these lines with perhaps the exception of three which are new to the entire Christian world. -The Congregationalist.

Open Door in Savage N e"W Guinea*

By the REV. R. TAEUBER, St. Paul, Minnesota Executive Secretary, American Lutheran Mission in New Guinea W HEN the Venerable Senior Lutheran Mis- Gospel) even in the remote corners of the terri- sionary, Dr. John Flierl, and Missionary tory. While in the year of our Lord 1900 only Tremel first landed at Simbang forty-five two natives in that district had been converted years ago, no one was on the beach to meet them. to Christ, during the following thirty years After having pitched a tent to store their belong- 30,000 have been baptized after a thorough in- ings they went over to the nearest village looking struction lasting from three to six years. Dur- for natives, but not a soul could be found. The ing the year 1929, 4,000 natives were baptized men, women and children, together with every- and 4,633 others attended preparatory classes.

thing movable, had disappeared into the bush. This growth has been realized in spite of small These ambassadors of Christ realized that they beginnings, adverse times and paralyzing condi- were not wanted and were con- tions, and notwithstanding the fronted by an enemy behind a fact that during the World wall of passive and active re- War the mission was cut off sistance. The doors of New from its mother Church in Guinea were closed to them and Germany and was put into fortified with innumerable and hands entirely unprepared for a p par ently insurmountable the task. The work has devel- barriers. oped wonderfully and is now The New Guinea natives expanding at such a rate that were bloodthirsty savages and the churches at home have had cannibals. It is a miracle that to serve notice to the missiona- they did not kill and devour ries on the field that for eco- these white intruders. But as nomic reasons curtailment was ancient enemies were smitten necessary.

with blindness, so these na- The present white staff con- tives were smitten with fear TYPICAL OF THE STRUGGLE BETWEEN sists of thirty-six ordained misso that they did not dare to DARKNESS AND LIGHT IN NEW GUINEA sionaries, including one doctor, touch God's servants. Natives six nurses, twenty-one lay mis- after their conversion to Christ have said: sionaries, three women helpers and thirty-six "When we saw the big steamer far out off the married women.

coast, we thought that God had come down and There are twenty main stations, two seminaries, was rocking himself on the waves smoking a big four coconut plantations, one sawmill, two sup- cigar." The missionaries were thought to be ply stores, a health station, hospitals, schooners gods because of their white skin. and motor boats. In 170 schools 196 trained native It was only after fourteen years of hard and teachers are instructing 4,853 native children.

sacrificial labor by the pioneers that they saw There are also approximately 500 native helpers.

the first fruits of their faithful service. Then, in The outstanding feature of this mission is the 1900, they baptized the first two Papuans to ac- training of native evangelists. The Papuan cept Christ in that part of the island. Since then Christians are taught to consider it their duty the wall of pagan resistance has been crumbling to bring the miti (the Gospel) to their pagan more and more. Cannibals are still to be found neighbors and to the strangers in the interior.

in the interior and only recently two missiona- This is done at great sacrifice and even at the ries had to flee from spears and arrows. But on risk of life. Usually when a class is baptized the whole the doors are open to the miti (the some of the members volunteer to help in mission • Observations on my visit to the Territory of New Guinea, 1929-30. work to become trained helpers or to do "their bit" as untrained workers. R. Taeuber.

[205]

pause. Someone from the a u die n c e then asked: "Have you nothing to say?" Finally a tall Timbe man arose and said: "Our heads are hanging low. We will learn the new way."

At Quambu I had been invited by the native to at- tend the first confirmation and, with their missionary, to lay my hands on the young converts. At the close of the service a na- tive with troubled features arose and with bowed head slowly and hesitatingly came forward. At the lad- der leading up the plat- A CONGREGATION IN THE LUTHERAN MISSION. MANDANG, NEW GUINEA form, 10-12 feet above the ground, he paused, while During my visit to this far-away mission field all eyes were fixed on him. According to na- it was my privilege to attend several baptismal tive custom no one asked what he wanted, but festivals. At Sombore, a station 8,000 feet high all waited patiently. Suddenly his irresolution in the Cromwell Mountains, I saw Missionary seemed to vanish and he ascended the platform Wacke baptize the first fruits of that village- and said: thirty-two men and women. Ten years ago they "I want to make a short speech. Do you see this were cannibals; now they have become missiona- pUlpit with or without fruit? There is no fruit," ries of Christ. At the close of the services sev- he shouted at the top of his voice, while the audieral young men volunteered to become helpers, ence nodded assent. He continued: "I had while close by on the slope of the hill sat about hoped to present today my boy as a candidate for 150 people of the Timbe tribe, half naked, with the helpers' school, but my wife refused. I contheir grim savage faces and unsteady eyes. Their sulted her brothers but she would not yield to spears, bows and arrows were always at hand. their appeals. What can you do if you have such Will these, too, become Christians? a stubborn wHeT'

During the afternoon celebration one of the na- Saying this he de!,cended. Later the congre- tive teachers called for a Timbe woman (named Pui- pui) and, pointing to her as she stood before all the people, shouted to the Timbe men: "You Timbe are not men, you are women; you fear the spirits of the dead and the sorcerers and your neighbors. You would like to try the new way, but you are cowards. This woman here has the heart of a man, she has courage and has shown you what to do."

He paused and then INTERIOR OF THE SIMPLE CHRISTIAN CHURCH AT AMELE. NEW GUI~EA asked : "Now tell me, am I right or did I tell you a lie '?" There was a long

AN OPEN DOOR IN SAVAGE NEW GUINEA

gation took matters in hand and the boy is now preparing for m iss ion work.

Going up the Markham Valley for more than sev- enty-five miles on horse- back, I rode through a forty-mile stretch without passing a single village.

Years ago the Laewomba tribe had killed most of the inhabitants. The few remaining people settled farther up the river or took to the mountains.

Now the Laewomba are sending Christian evangel- ists to their benighted fel- TRAINING A NEW GUINEA BAND-WITH BRASS INSTRUMENTS AND SEA SHELLS low Papuans to bring them peace of heart and life. was creeping down from the mountains. The missionary pointed to one of our black carriers On the grass plains of the Azera district on and said: the upper Markham, we passed through village after village. A great change has taken place and there is a marked contrast between former "The other day this young man confessed to me conditions. The Christian settlements are clean- that ten years ago his father and other men of the er and more orderly. Men and women work; the village, while hunting in the bush, had suddenly children attend school; the natives greet you in come upon a woman of a hostile tribe. They seized a friendly manner; their whole life and appear- her and triumphantly carried her back to their ance shows that a new spirit has taken possession own village where she was hung all night,. danof them. gling from a pole to which her hands and feet had been tied under one of their huts. To prevent We were about to enter one village as darkness her screaming a man broke her jawbones with a club. The next morning this young man now carrying my pack, then a boy of about ten years, was se- lected to kill the woman with a wooden sword, after which the villagers feast- ed on her flesh."

Entering the village we heard another sound-not the screams of the poor captive woman but the tones of a little church bell calling the villagers to wor- ship. Anutu (God) was being honored in the small bush chapel after ten years of mission work; what a change!

A few years ago the Pa- puan natives were accus- BAPTISMAL SERVICE IN THE LUTHERAN MISSION AT CARABO tomed to trade children for f 0 0 d supplies, especially

durillg a famine. While some ate their ac- of his head to the soles of his feet, appears wear- quired yams, taro and the like, others feasted ing a demon mask. Beating his drum he dances on the. flesh of the bartered children. Now these into the open square continually praising himself people take their children to as the prince of darkness, of other villages, not to sell but lies and all evil and promising to put them in the mission his followers joys of life.

school. Then the beating of another Unbelieving skeptics who drum is heard as a snow-white scoff at Christian missions figure emerges from the bush should go to New Guinea and and also enters the square. He look into the eyes of former announces him s elf as the savages and cannibals and Prince of Light and Love and listen to their songs and demands obedience to Anutu pra~ers, .. and his miti (the Gospel); The Christian Papuans not he calls men and women to only meet for worship but they struggle against the power of also· have other mission gath- darkness, and to bear a cross; erings. Melanesian Day is a he promises true joy and happi- festival that lasts several days ness in the way of the Light and is attended by thousands and a blessed life hereafter.

of Christian and non-Christian The dark figure disappears in- natives. By sermon, pageant to a pit that has been prepared and dialogue the native teach- and covered with palm leaves ers, elders and others endeav- while the white figure raises or to deepen the knowledge the drum amid shouts of vic- and interest of the visitors and tory. The dark figure emerges to arouse enthusiasm for mis- A CHRISTIAN LINK BETWEEN THE RACES again to illustrate the reactions sion work among their be- of heathendom, but finally the nighted black brethren. They DR. J. FLIERL. THE SENIOR LUTHERAN dark figure flees into the bush have a unique way of illustrat- MISSIONARY. WITH HIS GRANDSON AND and disappears. The light of A NEW GUINEA CHILD.

ing Biblical teachings and Christian life. For the miti (the Gospel), of Anutu (God) has won.

example: Heathendom must be conquered.

The beating of a native drum far off in the bush May God give abundant light to His people in comes nearer and nearer. Thousands of eyes are New Guinea and help them to conquer darkness.

turned in the direction of the sound. Suddenly May His face shine upon them and may He be a dark figure, painted jet black from the crown gracious unto them.

WHAT IS THE COMPENSATION?

The full story will never be told of what missionaries have endured. Much of it has been borne in secret with that silent patience that seeks recompense only from God. They have said good-bye to parents and friends, many of whom they have never seen again on earth. Often on their return, they have only memories of father or mother and a marble slab or a plot of green in the graveyard. They send their children home and, having com- mitted them to God, settle down again to bear without complaint their wistful loneliness. The past few months have revealed all too poignantly the sufferings and the heartaches of our missionaries despite the courage with which theY have endured. Sdme are beset by dangers untold, by flood and famine and· banditry and war. Their hearts are broken by the sight of the need and suffering around them. They are burdened with the overwhelming weight of crass superstition and idolatry.

A missionary was asked what compensation he had found in his work for all the sacri- fices he had made. He took from his pocket a letter, worn with much handling, and read this sentence from an Oriental student: "But for you, I would not have known Jesus Christ, our Saviour. Every morning as I kneel down before God, I think of you and I pray."

"That," said the missionary, "is my compensation !" REV. C. DARBY FULTON, D. D.

Self;,Criticism of Missions Today*

By DR. OSCAR MAC MILLAN BUCK, Madison, N. J.

Professor of Missions and Comparative Religion at Drew University W E are in the beginnings, not merely of a sand mISSIOnaries in so-called non-Christian new age, but of a new decade that carries lands; they help in the support of over sixty-five the characteristics of a new age. In this thousand native teachers and preachers and workdecade of the nineteen hundred and thirties our ers; they conduct almost twenty thousand schools intercontinental consciousness has become vivid and educational institutions, from the kinder- and permanent. In this decade we have made a garten to the university, with over eight hundred definite commitment to a new world order. We thousand students; they are carrying on over have made an attempt to re- four hundred hospitals in one turn to "normalcy," such as we hun d red and twenty-three knew before the World War be- Are we up-to-date in our countries and imp 0 r tan t gan to tear up our Western civ- missionary methods? What is provinces. It is obviously im- ilization by the roots. The this Christian enterprise ac- possible in the short space of present goal is not "Back to complishing today in a mnd half an hour to critically ap- normalcy," but forward into a like India? We are at a crisis praise the place of this enor- new world-wide order, inclu- -perhaps the greatest since mously developed enterprise in sive of all the continents, all the Crucifixion. The mission- the midst of this extensively the races, all the nations, all ary enterprise and the Church developing world transforma- the classes and both sexes- itself is being severely criti- tion.

forward into the mist with the cized by the youth and those Let me say three things at ground trembling under our outside. the outset. First, I realize feet. The year just closed is Dr. Buck has just returned that this is a very serious time one of the most critical and sig- from a tour of India for the in which to criticize the mis- nificant in the history of man- purpose of examining criti- sionary enterprise. Christian kind; the new year before us cally the work on the field. He missions are in a retrenchment summons us to new thinking, shows some of the changes movement of considerable mag- new relationships, new organi- that must be made if Chris- nitude and of considerable zations, new fears, new hopes, tianity is to be at the heart of danger. It is possible that this and new deliverances. the forward movements in all great adjustment to new lines We are in the midst of the lands-not only on the edges. and new positions may end in great world-wide movements, His constructive criticisms catastrophe. The breakdown anyone of which is sufficient are worth reading. and the breakup of the work to revolutionize the world as of the previous generation we knew it away back in the would be a calamity. What nineteen hundred and twenties. I have been the church needs today is not criticism, but asked to appraise the present Christian mis- confidence, and any criticism that is careless, sionary enterprise in the light of this rapidly wild or reckless may do incalculable damage to a developing world situation, an enterprise which movement that has at its heart the redeeming reaches its fingers into the depths of all the con- Gospel of Jesus Christ.

tinents and which has its footholds on the borders Second, I realize that many missionary leaders, of all lands. those at the heart of the administration, are fully The Protestant churches of North America conscious that great changes are needed in the alone put thirty-five million dollars a year into missionary enterprise today. The good field mar- this commitment; they keep over fourteen thou- shal of the Protestant missions, Dr. John R. Mott, has published a volume entitled "The Present-Day • From an address on "A Critical Appraisal of the Missionary Enter- Summons to the World Mission of Christianity." prise in the Light of This Present World Situation," delivered at the One of the secretaries of the International Mis- Eleventh Quadrennial Convention of the Student Volunteer Movement, Buffalo, New York, December 31, 1931. sionary Council dares to quote from a friend who [209]

said, "Within ten years the Protestant missions missions were prominent in the procession that will be so different as to be scarcely recognizable." marched around these ancient Jerichos of super- In the current number of the International Re- stition, ignorance, darkness, injustice, oppression view of Missions Dr. Qharles R. Watson, a for- and grief. mer Mission Board secretary, and today the President of the American University in Cairo, says: Having said this by way of introduction, let me "Frankly, it is missions as such that now need re- say that my criticism, my appraisal of Christian thinking; that the world changes since 1914 have missionary enterprise is not out of books, but it been revolutionary will, I think, be universally is out of my own experience. I myself come out conceded; that missions have experienced any of confusion of mind. I am just out of India, drastic changes will be claimed by no one." Both whither I went as secretary of the commission on the mission field and in North America there sent by the International Missionary Council and are many who realize that the Christian mission- cooperating bodies to study the Christian colleges ary enterprise is at present inadequate for the of India. I was also in India five years ago for nineteen hundred and thirties. We do not need eight months as the companion and associate of to drag such leaders into a more adequate pro- that modern St. Paul-Dr. Stanley Jones. gram and strategy. They are moving as rapidly as we will let them move into a program that is When I returned to India this last year I found adequate for the coming day. in five years such changes, such a shift in the whole missionary enterprise and its relationship Third, I do not intend to criticize the Christian to the life of the land, that I was thrown for a missions on the basis of failure in the past. Fail- time into great darkness and confusion of mind. ures there have been, but failure there has not I have had to work my way slowly out of that conbeen. Reverse the picture. Those things which fusion and I speak of the things which I have seen have been put into statistical tables and which and the things which I have learned. many have considered as the principal result of Christian missions, put those in as the by-product, An IDustration From India and what have been considered as the by-product, consider as the principal results of Christian mis- Let me take India as an illustration of what I sions, and what do we see? Static civilizations have to say in appraising the missionary enterhave become mobile. My mother went to India prise. This is the oldest and in some ways the sixty years ago. (She is still living, thank God.) most successful of our mission fields. During those sixty years she has seen an India that was static and inert aroused and moving so In the first place, the Christian missionary enrapidly that any man who is away from India for terprise is being forced from the heart of these a few months goes back to find a strangely great movements, which are developing and exchanged land. panding with such rapidity, out to the circumfer- ence of these movements. On the one side we Another great phenomenon is the "approxima- have this situation developing so rapidly along tion of religions." The great religions of the many lines as to be almost revolutionary, and on world are moving toward Christianity and are the other side we have a great Christian institubridging the chasms that separated them from tionalism with machinery, heavy and intricate, Christian ideas and ideals, from Christian prin- unable to adjust itself quickly to the turns in the ciples and ethics. Again, it is not an exaggera- road. Christian missions seem to lack a steering tion to say that the conscience of the world today gear equal to the heavy mechanism which they is more Christian than it has ever been. The min- possess. Conditions have changed so rapidly that istry to the under-privileged and to the sick has they have not been able to adapt themselves to gone far beyond the Christian Church, and has these tremendous changes in Indian life. As a now become the concern of States. Christian result, these great movements are going past us. friendships have had a powerful influence. The They may not be un-Christian, or anti-Christian, ethical wholesomeness of many Christian lives and one might welcome this fact, but they ignore and of Christian homes established in non-Chris- Christianity, as they move toward their goals. tian lands tell the same story. The proletariat The Christian missionary enterprise, if it is to movement, the women's movement–all these play its part in the nineteen hundred and thirties, great transformations in the life of the mission and to speak to men's consciences and minds with fields are results, in a large measure, of the Chris- authority and power, must move into the center tian missionary enterprise of the Protestant of these great movements. That involves a new churches. We do not claim that they are alto- strategy, a new alignment, and a new effort on gether due to missions-but at least Christian the part of the Christian churches. It means withdrawal at certain places; concentration at other places. It means unified thinking and con-

SELF-CRITICISM OF MISSIONS TODAY

certed action on the part of widely different de- education in the nineteen hundred and thirties nominations. and forties. Said one official, "The finest thing Take the Nationalist Movement in India. What that Christian missions could do in India would outstanding Christian leaders have we in this be to close all its men's colleges and turn them movement, and Protestant movements have been into women's colleges." We are not awake to our in India for two hundred years? There are some opportunity. There are only three small Chrisyounger Christian men coming on. It was a tian colleges and three larger colleges for women great loss to the Christian Church of India when in India. Only three and one-half per cent of the K. T. Paul died last year, for he was rapidly mak- students in Christian colleges of India are in the ing his way into the inner councils of that great women's colleges. Ninety-six and one-half per development. But Indian Christianity is still a cent are in the men's colleges. The women are minority group on the edges of the Nationalist not doing their share in this great, developing women's movement in India, which carries the Movement. Take the great movement of the proletariat of regeneration of India so deeply in its heart.

India. These fifty million untouchables, a part The Influence of Education of the proletariat movement of the world, are moving forward without wise Christian leader- Take the field of education. Our educational ship and without efficient lay leaders. They work is not in the heart of the movement of the desperately need wise, trained leaders who can day. It is being pushed to the edges. Christian lead this multitude out of their Egypt of disabili- missions have had a splendid record in education.

ties into their Canaan of equalities with other peo- Eight per cent of the colleges of India are Chris- ples in India. Christian missionaries were the first tian. Sixteen per cent of the students who go to go to the untouchables. We were the ones that through colleges in India go through Christian drew attention to their lot. We walked into their colleges. We have the opportunity to mold one hovels and flashed the light of a better day into out of every six college graduates, but the printheir dim eyes. We sat down and, pointing with cipals of these colleges recognize that we are slip- .our fingers to the letters of the alphabet, taught ping, and it was because of their request that this them to read. We made out of them a separate commission was sent out to suggest how the community, so that they were no longer untouch- Christian colleges of India could work back into ables-they were Christians-a separate fold. We the center of things. We are tied to a state sysdid not constantly keep sending leaders back, as tem of education which is still wandering in the Moses and Aaron were sent back to their fellows, wilderness, which is determined by the poverty of with the word "Thus sayeth the Lord God, let my India rather than by what is good for India's welpeople go"; and now Gandhi claims to be their fare; in this situation the C:p.ristian colleges find champion. The spinning wheel and the "un- themselves unable to use adequately the opportutouchables" are his favorite themes. nities which they themselves create. There are The Great Women's Movement more non-Christian teachers in the Christian col- leges for men in India than there are Christian Take the great women's movement in India to- teachers. There are three hundred and ninetyday. The president of the Women's Educational seven non-Christian teachers in the thirty-two Conference, speaking at Lahore, said that the Christian colleges for men, while the Christian Christian missionaries were responsible for the teachers number three hundred and fifty-seven. In beginnings of the women's movement in India. many a Christian institution non-Christians are She paid a high tribute to the Christian mission- teaching science and philosophy-two tremenaries, but their leadership is largely gone from dously important subjects for the nineteen hunthe women's movement in India. Theosophists dred and thirties.

lead the procession now. Christian missions for There is, of course, an overwhelming prepon- women have been too suspicious of the Nationalist derance of non-Christian students in Christian Movement, too unwilling to trust that movement colleges-eighty-seven and one-half per cent in with its traditions and ideals out of the past of the men's Christian colleges are non-Christian.

India. And yet we still hold a very strategic In India the largest American college has a stu- place in the women's movement. Christian wom- dent body ninety-seven per cent non-Christian, en's colleges are the best all-round colleges in In- and the largest British college has also a non- dia. We were told there that the finest thing that Christian student body ninety-seven per cent.

Christian missions could do in India would be to With a faculty so largely non-Christian, and with prepare for the great avalanche of Hindu and a preponderatingly non-Christian student body, Moslem women who would be demanding higher how can we expect Christian colleges of India, or

of any land, to create more than a mild Christian missionary enterprise before we can go far in influence? They ought to be making a profound meeting, joyfully, adequately and enthusiastically, Christian impact upon the situation. With the the claims of this new decade. In large measure crowded curriculum and the efforts to keep up the best youth of the colleges and of the churches with the administration and the routine, our have been lost for the missionary task of the Christian missionaries can not give themselves Church of Christ. We must speak a vocabulary adequately to personal contacts with men and that they can understand. We must move out women, or with students. into a world that they appreciate as the world in which they live. Every newspaper sounds the Again, I would like to say that the great fallacy bugle call. A new world is forming for better or in modern missions is the conception that many for worse. For one thing the student today is out means much. It does not. Many Christians do of patience with the word "home" and the word not mean much Christianity. Many centers oc- "foreign." He wishes to deal with the whole cupied do not mean much accomplished, and many world and not a divided world. These movements, institutions do not necessarily mean much Chris- these crises, these clashes of which we hear, tian influence. We must not depend on the statis- stretch clear across the continents in these ninetical tables to estimate the power of Christianity. teen hundred and thirties. Is it not time to take The Kingdom of Heaven is not a chamber of com- the word "foreign" out of the Christian missionmerce. In the strange mathematics of Jesus one ary enterprise? We must enlist the youth of the may be more important than ninety and nine. world in the service of Christ for all the world. The most stirring things I saw in India were not buildings or crowds. Among others, a most I close with two brief words of hope. This is a stirring sight was the face of a Burmese girl be- day when God is working. Jesus Christ in His longing to the Gospel Team sent to India from day saw the Kingdom of God moving across the Judson College, Burma; another was a young threshold to form a new era. He went out to meet Christian apologist in a small village of India, it at dawn, and expected God to work His martalking to a crowd of Mohammedans; and an- vels in that new day. He kept this attitude of other was a Lutheran communion service at expectancy to the end. As He hung on the Cross Guntur. Not many necessarily, but much. He was still eagerly expectant-and just beyond' "this day" loomed "paradise." God is creating Too Much Finances and it is time for us to work with Him.

Again, I am convinced that we have put finances The last thing I say is that we must not forget too much to the front in modern missions. At the Power that may dwell in a single human perhome we have made the collection plate and the sonality. Under the influence of this Power eleven duplex envelope rather than the Cross the symbol disciples "turned the world upside down." One of missions; as a result, we seem to say, "If any disciple became the great apostle to the Gentiles. man would be Christ's disciple, let him join the Two German students set the Protestant missionchurch and make his subscription and so follow ary enterprise to going in Europe. One young me." We have spoiled a good word "missions," English cobbler and one young Cambridge don which means "sending," and have made it mean woke the churches of England to look across the "spending." Sacrificial enthusiasm was charac- seas. Five college students started the Foreign teristic of the first missions and finances were Missionary Movement in North America. A secondary. When enthusiasm dies out we must handful of young men at Mt. Hermon heard the struggle to keep up the finances. What we need call and seized the opportunity forty-five years to do is to bring in the tides of enthusiasm for a ago and started the greatest Christian crusade of new world, a Christ-like world, and the finances all history. The power in the personality of will be lifted by the impact of the tide. Jesus is not exhausted. I do not believe that we have yet reached the frontiers of the dream, the Other constructive criticisms I might make, but hope, the enthusiasm of Jesus Christ for the let me close by saying that the youth, the best of world. According to His faith it will yet be done our Christian youth, must be recaptured for the unto Him.

There is no denying the faet that there is much muddled and confused thinking today with regard to Foreign Missions. and there is assuredly widespread ignorance and misunderstanding. It is to be feared also that there is a great deal of nllsrepresentation.

When. for example. it is stated that the Foreign Missionary work of the Church has lost sight of its primary evangelistic purpose and has become educational and philanthropic, the statement represents either ignorance or misrepresentation. The Foreign Mission work of our Church stands solidly on the great commission of our Lord. Its representatives have gone out to preach the Gospel, to make Jesus Christ known as the only Saviour of the world; to tell the stOry of His life and His death and His rising again, and to declare the meaning and the joyous message of His Cross and His Resurrection. RoBERT E. SPEER.

A STUDENT GOSPEL ITEAM STARTING OUT FROM KAREN AND BURMESE

Student Evangelists In Burma By the REV. H. 1. MARSHALL, Insein, Rangoon Missionary of the American Baptist Missionary Society H ONK! HONK! sounds the horn of the big ciation-"Climbing Jacob's Ladder" or "Lord, motor bus as it stands outside the door of Make Me More Humble." the dormitory of the Karen Seminary at Insein, not far from Rangoon. The driver is im- The last fellow comes running out with his patient for he has been waiting half an hour. cornet under his arm and, as he tucks his last With utter disregard of time he has come half an book into his bag, makes a flying leap at the back hour earlier than the time appointed. The boys, step of the bus as it starts down the hill. The coming from the dining hall, have run up to their sound of the songs die out in the distance and anrooms to get their Karen bags in which there is a other student campaign has started on its way. blanket, a Bible and a few song books. Others rush up with brass band instruments and a big A week or more ago a call came from some bass drum. This must be tied on the back of the rather discouraged pastor of a Karen village bus because there is no room inside. church, asking that a group of students come out and help him stir up the spiritual life in his vil- This is not a theatrical company starting off for lage. The group of Christian students was sea tour in the country, but an evangelistic band of lected and has met to pray that God would theologs and one or two teachers. They climb into cleanse their hearts and prepare them to become the bus, the bags are put under the seats and the channels of blessing to those to whom they go. crowd which gathers to see them off starts to sing They also pray that the Spirit of God will prepare a chorus: "Our Motto Is Service," "Living for the hearts of those to whom they are going, and Jesus," or "Dear Old Pals," or they may begin that they, as a group, may be welded into a spiritone of their favorite Negro spirituals, which the ual unity, with power from on high. Karen boys delight to sing with so much appre- When the bus has traveled some distance they enjoy another devotional quiet time, disturbed [213J

only by the throbbing of the engine. By the time all squat on the floor. Surrounding villages and the appointed village is reached the group has their opportunities are discussed, also the needs been welded together by song and happy pleas- of the school children. The work is divided among antry and prayer. They have become jolly pals the various members of the team: the school and are ready to stand by each other under all where they will conduct song services, teach Bible circumstances. They announce their arrival by a classes, play games and tell stories to the little song or a tune on a horn and the village children tots. Others in apostolic fashion, two by two, will come running out to gaze on the new arrivals with visit the houses of the non-Christians, or of back- all the ecstasy that the American small boy greets sliders. After the plans for the morrow have the arrival of the circus. been completed each member rolls up in his The Church elders come and lead the way to blanket and soon all are off to "the land of nod." the house which is to be the headquarters of the The next day after morning rice each member campaigners for the next two or three days. All living together in one house helps to keep the of the team retires to his corner with his Bible unity of the group and to maintain the high spir- preparing for his assigned work. Then the visiitual level at which the leaders, whether mission- tors go out and begin their round of calls at the ary or Karen, always aim to keep the team. homes. Everything is characterized by personal witnessing. "Preaching" is not allowed. Recent- That evening lights are taken to the village ly one young man, with his two companions, came chapel, or are hung on bamboos in the open place to a house where an old man was puttering between the houses, and mats are spread on the around on his back veranda. The student asked ground. Only those who have to remain at home the privilege of coming up and talking to him to watch for fear of thieves stay away from this about Jesus.

meeting. The band arrives and begins to tune The old man replied gruffly that he did not care up. The children draw in closer and closer. After anything about Jesus. The student replied, "Will the leaders have had a few moments of prayer, you allow us to come and talk about ourselves?"

the whole team comes and opens the exercises The old man had no objection, so the young men with a song. Good feeling and jolly fellowship went up and squatted beside him. After a few abound for they feel that Christ has made life words of general conversation the leader began full of joy and has given them freedom from the telling of his early childish pranks, then of how terrifying fears of heathenism. he came to have a more serious view of life as he The songs and stunts that follow are side- learned its meaning through Christ. splitting and the people enjoy it. Laughter makes The old man had dropped his work and was impossible any active opposition on the part of listening intently. Then he said: "Come into the those who dislike Christian preachers, or of house and sit down," and with true oriental hos- Buddhists who come expecting to hear their re- pitality spread a mat for them to sit on. The ligion maligned. Even opponents find themselves other two students each told his experience and enjoying the evening so much that when one of answered a number of questions. They so won the students is introduced as having something the old man's confidence that he was glad to join to tell about himself that they eagerly listen to with them in a prayer to God for help and guid- his Christian testimony. ance.

One Christian student tells what a disobedient Only two or three houses may be visited in a and foolish young man he once was, and then how morning, but in almost every case the visit is a new spirit and new life came into his heart and long enough for the students to tell their experi- he became a Christian with changed ideals and a ence and explain it and to "pray through" with new joy and outlook on life. All are interested some member of the household who shows a real from beginning to end and hardly realize that this interest. Many decisions for Christ have been is the religion that they had looked upon as some won in this way.

new foreign foolishness. Other members of the team go to the village After the concert the village teacher, or pastor, school where they teach Gospel choruses to the and one or two elders are invited to come to the children, or action songs that are greatly enjoyed.

guest house and unite in prayer. Tomorrow is Then follow Bible lessons fitted to the children of another day with exacting duties and privileges. the different ages. At intervals all go out in the They pray "to be led to make out the best pro- open for a group game and some of the village gram," "to use men to the best advantage and to grown ups may be inveigled into limbering up win the largest number of those who have not and playing volley ball or "three-deep." The found the abundant Life." A regular "round morning ends with more songs and rousing testi- table" is held even though there is no table and monies by two team members.

STUDENT EVANGELISTS IN BURMA

The afternoon follows much the same routine is difficult to give each one the needed personal and after the last service the members of the Gos- help. They are told the importance of "food, air pel team transform themselves into a football and exercise" (Bible reading, prayer and service).

team and playa game with the village boys. The The village teachers are given the names of those people of Burma are taking to football (soccer) who responded and the church, if there is one in all over the country and such a game is sure to the village, is urged to follow up the work.

bring out a crowd. This serves as good publicity Next morning amid the villagers' hearty shout to advertise the meeting in the evening. The of "Return Happily," the team starts back with good fellowship of the team and their fair play songs of rejoicing and thanksgiving. In the bus makes a favorable impression. they may hold a "round table" in which each The evening program is not like an ordinary member tells what this excursion has meant to evangelistic service for a crowd of Burmese and him. Wonderful testimonies reveal the effect on Karen villagers does not look much like an Ameri- their own lives. Their dull routine of classwork can church audience. Non-Christians do not get has taken on a new meaning. They have found much out of an ordinary sermon. How many such have been wasted on the desert air! The first point is to win their attention, then their interest and then to instruct them. The band opens the meeting and is a never failing drawing- card. Next comes a concert, which perhaps more resembles a variety entertainment. There are songs, comic and serious, various stunts to pro- voke the opposition-killing laughter, and a simple Bible drama. When the people feel happy they are much more receptive to the joyful Gospel mes- sage than when they are oppressed by the fear of the law.

When the concert is over and the last lingerers have gone home, some boys are still seen holding quiet talks with those whom they met in their house to house visits. Finally, no matter how late the hour, the team enjoys a devotional hour be- fore retiring. Experiences are exchanged, plans for the morrow talked over and prayed over and then the silent figures are seen wrapped up in their blankets on the floor. Some empty spaces show that a few are seeking to get still closer to the great Source of Power. They quietly steal off to a quiet spot and there pour out their souls to God in prayer that certain ones may not fail to A GOSPEL TEAM READY FOR A FOOTBALL GAME. (MR. DYER IS THIRD FROM THE RIGHT) make a decision for Christ on the morrow.

Sunday services may be dispensed with and the weak spots in their armour which they resolve to day spent in personal work. Everything points repair while there is yet time. A new vision of toward definite decisions and at the close of the Christ has been experienced and some have a new forenoon testimony meeting for the older chil- realization of what service really means. They dren, an invitation is given. In the evening there have experienced the joy of the reaper. After is another concert with its usual good fellowship such an experience nothing short of life-changing in which each item is given with a purpose. will satisfy one for a life work. While one member of the team, or one group is on the platform, the others sit with bowed heads, The church visited has also taken on new life. praying that the word spoken or sung may carry The pastor has seen over the edges of the high a message to some one in the audience. ruts into which he had fallen. The elders have had a vision of their duties and the Christians As the final invitation is given the members have found a new joy in their worship. Most of of the team scatter among the listeners, giving a all, the theological seminary is no longer a place quiet word of exhortation here and there. Usually for dry theorizing and dead orthodoxy, but it is a the effort is not without its reward and some- place where there is a pulsating, abundant life times the number who respond is so great that it that must be shared with those who have it not.

Our Missionary Hymns

Revision?

By the REV. SAMUEL M. ZWEMER, D. D., ..:( Princeton, New Jersey Editor of the Moslem World; Author of "Across the World of Islam," etc.

t – "FROM- GREENLAND'S ICY MOUNTAINsn T HERE are diversities of gifts but the same canon of St. Asaph in 1817 and soon after was ap- spirit. Some missionaries have been pio- pointed Bishop to Calcutta, as successor to the neer explorers, others bold apostles or flam- first Bishop, Dr. Middleton. Bishop Heber is ing evangelists; some have exercised gifts of heal- described as a brilliant scholar, a true poet, a ing, others of administration; some have been devoted parish clergyman, a fascinating persondistinguished scholars and linguists or translators ality, loved and admired by all who knew him. of the Scriptures. Reginald Heber (1783-1826) The Earl of Shaftsbury spoke in highest terms of became immortal through his missionary hymns, his character, saying: "No man ever equalled written both before and after he went out as Bishop Heber. His talents were of the most exthe second Anglican Bishop of Calcutta. Among quisite character. If he were not a Socrates, able his fifty-seven hymns, five are well-known in the to knock down by force of reasoning the most churches today: "Hosanna to the Living God"; stubborn opposers, he was like Orpheus, who led "Brightest and Best of the Sons of the Morning" ; even stones and trees by the enchantment of his "Holy, Holy, Holy"; "The Son of God goes Forth music." Bishop Heber was a warm supporter of to War"; and "From Greenland's Icy Mountains." the missionary societies of the Church of England Dr. Eugene Stock characterized the last of those and of the Bible Society. He made earnest efforts mentioned as the greatest of all missionary to unite the Church Missionary Society and the hymns. It has been very widely used and has Society for the Propagation of the Gospel, saying, been translated into the leading languages of "Why should there be two societies for the same Europe and of many on the mission fields. Is the precise object?" He actually formulated a plan of hymn, as some say, "too old-fashioned and con- union. ventional for present-day use"? One meets with strong prejudice against certain of its expres- Bishop Middleton had declined to license the sions, but closer study will reveal new elements of missionaries in Bengal or to ordain natives, alpower and beauty. though he learned to value their services, but Bishop Heber's policy was quite different. He Reginald Heber was born at Malpas, Chester, avoided friction with the civil authorities, made England, and at an early age began to write friends with the Baptist and Congregationalist poetry. At Oxford he produced a prize poem en- missionaries, and put the work of evangelization titled "Palestine." Later he traveled in Northern at the front. He sought to build up educational Europe and became rector of Hodnet in 1807. In institutions and to increase the number of mission 1815 he delivered the Bampton lectures, was made stations. But his excessive labors in a trying cli- [216] mate were brought to a sudden termination by In the revival of 1858 several converted sailors death from apoplexy at Trichinopoly on April 3, were on board the "North Carolina," a frigate of 1826, at the early age of forty. the U. S. Navy. When they compared nationalities Four years before his consecration as Bishop it was found that ten countries were represented.

he wrote his great missionary hymn under cir- One man said that he came from Greenland, cumstances that are most interesting. whereupon they spontaneously and heartily sang Dean Howson, in the Art Journal for June, the international stanzas of this old hymn.

1873, relates that Mr. Heber, then rector of Hod- When Dr. Alexander Duff returned from Cal- net, was visiting Dean Shirley, dean of 'St. Asaph cutta on his first furlough and thrilled large audi- and vicar of Wrexham, his father-in-law, just be- ences with his appeals for India, he closed a pow- fore Whit-Sunday, 1819. A royal letter had been erful address given before the Church Missionary issued, calling for missionary offerings in aid of Society with these words: the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel, on "Oh, that the blessed era were greatly hastened! that particular day. Mr. Heber had gone to hear Oh, that the vision of that mitred minstrel who the dean preach and to take his share of the erewhile sung so sweetly of 'Greenland's icy Sunday evening lectures just established in that mountains' and 'India's coral strand' were speedchurch. On the Saturday previous, he was asked ily realized! that glorious vision wherein, rapt to prepare some verses to be sung at the close of into future times, he beheld the stream of Gospel the morning service. Sitting at the window of the blessings rise, and gush, and roll onward till it old vicarage, in a short time he produced this hymn-except the lines, "Waft, waft, ye winds, embraced every land and circled every shore- His story," which he wrote later. Only one change was made in the copy-"heathen" being put in- Till like a sea of glory, stead of "savage" nations. This was the first of It spread from pole to pole. modern missionary hymns that speaks imperatively to the conscience and at the same time with "Even so, Lord Jesus! come quickly: even so. persuasion and tenderness. It came as a trum- Amen." pet-call to duty. And then we are told that Duff sat down amid Not until 1823, when the hymn came to Ameri- a tempest of applause. can notice, did it receive the appropriate tune by Dr. Lowell Mason, now so familiar. The story of Does the hymn still appeal today? Or does it its composition reads like romance. need revision? Noone disputes that its language is chaste, its structure logical (once we grant the A lady residing in Savannah, Georgia, had in premises) and that it conforms in its imagery and some way become possessed of a copy of the rhythm to the laws of good hymnody. words, sent to this country from England. She was arrested by the beauty of the poetry and its The fact is that this hymn offers a concise possibilities as a hymn. But the meter of 7s, 6s, summary of the modern missionary enterprise as D., was almost new in this period; there was no conceived by the men who laid its foundations. tune which would fit the measure. She had been The first stanza proclaims the universality of the told of a young clerk in a bank, Lowell Mason by task; the second its necessity,. the third its name, just a few doors away down the street. It urgency,. the fourth its certainty of accomplishwas said that he had the gift for making beautiful ment. One could scarcely crowd an argument for songs. She sent her son to this genius in music, the basis, the aim, the motive and the goal of and in a half-hour's time he returned with this missions into smaller compass than we have in composition. Like the hymn it voices, it was done these four verses of eight lines each. at a stroke, but it will last through the years. An article recently appeared in the Christian An interesting passage in Heber's "Journal of Century deprecating "the slump in foreign misa Voyage to India" refers to the "spicy breezes" sions," and the writer gave reasons for decrease in that can be detected under certain circumstances, gifts and candidates. His diagnosis was masterly. thirty or forty miles from Ceylon. He said the churches today have lost the sense of Christ's supremacy and the unique character of His message. He is looked upon by many as only one among many saviours. Men have lost the sense of urgency; no longer do men worry to save Whatever may be true of odors wafted by lost souls or to evangelize the world in one gener- breezes from Ceylon seaward, there is no doubt ation. They have lost the sense of Christ's suffi- that the odor of the sweet ointment of this mis- ciency; there is no longer the calm assurance that sionary hymn poured out for Christ has been He alone can meet all of humanity's needs and wafted as a witness to all the world for over a aspirations.

century. It has been an inspiration to missionary If this be true of some of our churches and some gatherings held in many tongues. of our pulpits, then Bishop Heber's hymn comes

as a challenge. Chains of error still bind men and "Perhaps one of the most illuminating ways to women and little children in Africa and India. Lady Simons' recent book on "Slavery" and Kath- study idolatry sympathetically and scientifically is erine Mayo's "Volume Two" on child-marriage in India, make one ashamed of humanity. Along to watch what is done with a broken idol. The many an ancient river and in many a palmy plain superficial observer or the globe-trotter often THE RIGHT REV. REGINALD HEBER. D. D.. BISHOP OF CALCUTTA says: 'The Indians only think of their idols as there are still seen the horrors of heathenism and photographs of the divine, and they mean to them there are those who call us to deliver them from age-long error and darkness. exactly what the Sistine Madonna does to us.' If such an one really desires to learn whether an It was not the intention of Bishop Heber to assert that the inhabitants of Ceylon were sinners idol be only a photograph, let him watch what is vile above other men, but to point out, by one example of conditions in his day, the need for a done if a linga be broken. We have seen that it Saviour from sin in all its terrible forms in all the world and the tragedy of spiritual blindness cannot be repaired or mended, but must be rein the worship of the creature rather than the moved, and no man, Brahman, mason, or low- Creator-whether on the Gold-coast of Chicago or of West Africa- caste, dare enter into the inner shrine and lay Bows down to wood and stone. hands on a broken linga. "

There is no more sympathetic and truthful de- "When finally a sacred bull, by means of a gold scription of Hinduism extant than "The Rites of the Twice-born" by Mrs. J. St. Clair Stevenson or silver wire, has drawn the broken idol out (1920). It gives the detailed life-story of a Brahman from birth and babyhood to death and of the temple, it can be touched; so then the the funeral pyre. In the chapter on temple worship she writes: Brahmans take it, pack it up most carefully with sweets or sugar, and some high-caste gentleman, carrying it in his hand, drives or goes by rail to the sea. There he goes out in a boat and drops the parcel containing the linga into deep water."

Mrs. Stevenson alludes to the resulting Sakti- worship. "So widely spread is this sect that no book on modern Brahmanism would be complete which did not refer to it. For the sake of truth it may even be the terrible and austere duty of some one to investigate it but the present writer confesses herself unable to sully either her pages or her memory with further details."

"Can we whose souls are lighted with wisdom from on high" continue to discus-s the spiritual values of higher Hinduism and deny to the masses of India the lamp of life? If we no longer feel the urgency of our message it is because we have lost the overwhelming sense of its necessity. He who knows what salvation is for himself must share the good news.

Salvation! 0 Salvation! The joyful sound proclaim Till earth's remotest nation Has learned Messiah's name.

There is no substitute for the missionary pas- sion. To revive the spirit of evangelism, to restore the note of immediacy, to convince the world that we have a message sufficient for all men, every- where and always, we must go back to the Gospel as proclaimed by the apostles: "Christ died for our sins according to the Scriptures and rose again."

Waft, waft, ye winds, His story, And you, ye waters, roll, Till like a sea of glory It spreads from pole to pole.

This missionary hymn does not need revlsIOn. It needs reiteration and revival. Mrica and India and we ourselves still need the old Gospel.

Untouchables by Whom

Touch India* By REV. WARREN H. WILSON, D. D., New York Secretary of the International Association of Agricultural )::.. Missions and a Member of the Mass Movement Survey Commission for India I T may be well to state what the mass-move- mands put a severe strain upon the missionaries ment in India is. From about 1880 to 1900 and tested the resources of the missions, which many converts came to the missions in India had not the facilities nor the experience needed from the outcaste or depressed classes. These to train so many illiterate and degraded people.

are of castes below the estima- It was not an attractive.task, tion of Hindus, but within the yet the missionaries have gone Hindu religion, who inherit at In India a population nearly about it bravely, and I am told birth the doing of menial and one-half the population of the t hat three-fourths of the degrading tasks in the villages United States is considered Christians in India are drawn of India. They are untoucha- "untouchable" by the various from this level of Indian socible; and in South India they castes. They are condemned ety.

are unapproachable. S 0 m e by birth to poverty and the The Survey Commission, en- come from aboriginal tribes most menial tasks. The Hin- gaged in the work of prepar- whom the Hindus and Moham- du religion and social system ing information that will be medans have oppressed. They offers them no escape except made available to all missions, sought Christian baptism, in t'hrough death. Christianity visited about two hundred vil- many cases confessedly, be- alone has offered them life lages in selected sample areas.

cause of its justice to the op- and hope. Multitudes have We interviewed about 11500 pressed, and for social and eco- sought this way out. What heads of families, making rec- nomic advantage. ,has been the result? What ords of their economic, social, They were not sought out by are the failures and the suc- educational arid religious expe- the missionaries in any way cesses recorded in Christian riences. There are said to be commensurate to the numbers missions? Dr. Wilson, who forty to sixty millions of these converted. They came of them- has recently returned from depressed classes in India.

selves. Many missionaries are inspecting many of these out- They usually live, at least in still in doubt as to their real caste communities, reports North India, on the hottest'- conversion and are still slow vividly what he has seen and and least desirable margin of to expect anything good from what he considers the next the village, outside the wall, in such wholesale "conversion." steps for their elevation and mud-houses, possess a few bul- The untouchables not only con- christianization. locks or buffaloes, some chick- fessed that they sought mate- ens, pigs and a few tools.

rial and social benefits, but Some of them pOssess a little they also demanded that the missionaries baptize land. All are forth-putting in business and are all the members of their families and all the fam- beginning to accumulate rupees. But their status ilies of their status in their villages. These de- is little changed, so far as we could observe, by reason of their conversion to Christianity. They • An address at the Twelfth Anniversary of the Association of Agri- still have the cleaning of the sewage refuse from the houses, sweeping the streets, carrying mescultural Missions. The Mass-Movement Survey. to assist in which sages and doing other menial services at birth and death, which are accounted unclean. Dr. Wilson was called to India. was one of three systematic studies On the other hand, these outcastes are secure made last year. The report is being prepared by Dr. J. W. Pickett. against hunger. They are paid in clothing and the director of the survey. It will be published by the National Chris- tian Council of India. The Institute of Social and Religious Research . has had much to do with all these studies which are an expression of the critical and intellectual spirit which desires to know the truth and to act upon experience. W. H. W.

[219]

food, and within their social degradation they are The mission colleges are a problem by them- protected by Indian society, as others are pro- selves and their stateis to be found described in the tected who perform an office and fulfill their part. report of the Commission on Higher Education.

Their families are usually small; and in spite of Dr. Lindsay's statement confirms my observation all that has been said in some recent books, few that the colleges are doing nothing extensive for children are born to them. They have found some the untouchables who make up so vast a majority way of adjustment to the over-population of the of the Indian Christians. Medical service shows land that would surprise some. Their families are up better; though here also the larger hospitals just large enough to continue the stock without are used for the most part by the better educated increasing the "pressure on the land." classes, and by the wealthy whose fees and contri- I was surprised at finding these people neither butions help to support them. Agricultural mis- brutalized nor miserable. Their features are like sions come nearer to the depressed classes. The our own. Poor as they are, they show in their larger stations, like that at Allahabad under Dr.

faces none of the bleak and sodden hopelessness Sam Higginbottom, are so costly and thorough in of the British and American paupers. Bitterness their operation that they render a service to the we did not encounter, nor beggary in the villages. wealthy landowners that the poor ryot might These Christians, the first such converts in India, envy; yet they too are helping the poorer farmers.

ask no rice. They feed and clothe themselves; The smaller units in agriculture, such as Slater's and in the better missions they even support their poultry-and-goat enterprise at Etah, and Go- pastors. In a few places they contribute to the heen's farm at Sangli, come nearer to the common support of their village teachers and even to the people. As in medical service the great hospitals salaries of their administrators. Their women justify the existence of the smaller dispensaries, are subordinated; but working in the fields as so in agriculture the larger units teach and digni- they do, and freely going about the mohallas in fy the small. It is different in the case of the col- which are their houses, they exhibit a wholesome leges, which have become isolated from the' mis- and comely vigor. I never witnessed an immod- sionary enterprise.

est act of a woman while I was in India. There remains for the depressed classes only It may be well to mention what the churches the pastorate, with its attendant parochial school. India needs manses and school houses for the are doing in discipline and enrichment of the lives training of the villagers who have come in so of these unwanted Christians. There is one great numbers into the churches. Some missions broad distinction between the American and have not learned this distinction and most of those European missions. The Americans excel in in- which have not so learned are American missions. stitutions, the Europeans in pastorates. The for- The reason is that one I have given, that the mer like something big, whether it is a motor- Americans do not value the pastorate as the Euromechanic-school or a hospital, and theirs it is to peans do. The local parish is an European inhersupply colleges-except in the biggest cities where itance that has been derived from established the colleges are Scotch. The Europeans believe in churches. The governments of Europe generally the resident minister and teacher; they count not established parsons in villages and open country themselves to have arrived until there is a pastor places as representatives of government, and the living in the village, with a catechist near at Free churches that have derived their forms from hand, bringing to the problem the reinforcement that establishment carryon the same tradition. of personal influence to complete that of the The result seems to be that our American religispoken word. The root of this difference may be ous groups have, as a rule, a poorer record in servin the greater satisfaction the Europeans seem to ing the poor, and the Europeans do better in this have in the worship of God; and the greater be- respect. The only agency we discovered in India lief on the part of Americans in something utili- doing satisfactory work for the untouchables was tarian. European missions usually organize a village resident pastorate, reinforced by a their work about a church, and the American teacher who was also a village resident. about a station composed of school, dispensary, mission bungalows and church. The Europeans go to the village as the goal; Americans progress The Bishop of Dornakal, an Indian of the An- as far as a mission-station and send their or- glican Church, claims that in his diocese there are dained Indian ministers into the villages, to re- a thousand villages in which there is worship of turn home at night to the compound. There are God every night. What we saw supports the exceptions-notably the American United Pres- statement. The London Congregationalists in byterians who are promoting village pastorates; Travancore maintain resident village pastors and but this statement covers the work which I saw teachers, supported by their people in the village in traveling 22,000 miles in India. in which they live. This mission will not ordain

THE UNTOUCHABLES BY WHOM WE TOUCH INDIA

any minister until he has a village church that will be financially supported by the government."

support him. Meantime, although the British Government has The best example of this type of work we en- been wisely attentive to the needs of the people countered was at Govindpur in the Ranchi Dis- on the land, it has made efforts to develop such in- trict, where an Aboriginal Tribe, persecuted and dustries, and in these efforts has almost impover- exploited for centuries by Hindus, has been evan- ished the village artisan. Yet the Indian work- gelized, in the first instance by German Lutherans. man prefers his village and his bench, and his Their converts still wear the scanty garb without work in steel or leather, silver or gold, alongside hats, without shoes, and except on Sundays, the the village bazaar, rather than to live in a city men and most of the women wear no garments and to work in a factory. So far as artisans sur- above the waist. They support their pastors and vive in the Indian villages, they represent the cre- help to sustain village catechists as well as their ative artistic passion, which in India is as old as president and secretary. For it is an autonomous civilization, in a fight against the industrial ten- church. dencies of Great Britain and in competition with "The Pressure on the Land" the westernized mind of educated India.

The one fact which explains most completely The one impression therefore that I bring you the situation in India is called "the pressure of from India is of the vast agricultural people, not the people on the land." India is an area of moun- in our sense reluctantly tilling the soil until they tain, desert and fertile river valley about the size can get a white collar job or a wage in some city, of Europe without Russia, or about the size of our but contentedly and passively preferring the vil- Mississippi Valley with New England added. It lage in the face of all westernizing influences and is populated by two and one-half times as many every seeming advantage. Most visitors to India people as live in the United States and in sixty do not realize that it is an agricultural country, years the population has increased by 45.6%. and few are confronted with the agrarian passion These people are rural, dwelling in over 500,000 of the people. This is my testimony, living as I villages-nobody knows how many-some of them did in the villages of India, that their appetite for going to the few great cities for a job, but most the soil and for their labor in the fields is a pasof them coming home to live in the village. The sion for which we have no language in our West- Indian is not persuaded of the advantages of city ern vocabulary of emotion. We have assumed that life. He loves the village and the little town. I all kinds of people desire to be industrialized. Inam told that two-thirds of the population of Cal- dia is a denial of this assumption, and until our cutta and Bombay are transients and only five social wisdom is better, and our social vocabulary and one-half per cent of the whole population of is larger, we will not be able to express to our- India is industrialized. The powerful influence selves the agricultural appetite of the 351 million and example of Great Britain has made America people of India.

an industrial nation willing to see her farms aban- Now the people of India have their methods of doned and helpless at the sight of agriculture im- rationing this population. The first of these poverished. But England's example has not methods is caste. We have heard of caste on other changed the agricultural preference of India. In occasions. It is abhorrent to our Western minds. spite of tariffs and tax adjustments, made during Let me present caste as a method of living on the 100 years by the British Government in the inter- land and a method of rationing dwellers on the est of the factories of England and later in the in- land. Caste is the organization of society by terest of the factories of Bombay, Ahmedabad, which they all get food. Let no American or and Calcutta, the peasant of India works for European scorn these methods of organization wages reluctantly and soon returns to his village until he has pondered the fact that there is no and his home. He prefers to drive his ox rather breadline in India, though there are bad times there. There is no poorhouse, no almshouse, no than be driven by a foreman. soup kitchen, except when famine comes, and no Strange to say, even the efforts of government general method of treatment of the ailing by asy- lums. But the poor and the hungry live the family cannot establish many industries in India. Mr. life and live it at home, and they do not starve, Garratt in "An Indian Commentary" tells the story of the Tatanagar Works at Jamshedpur which were located at a point favorable for the se- except in times of general catastrophes or calamicuring of raw materials. They have the vast labor ties.

supplies of India at their disposal. The govern- The second method is the joint-family system ment has favored them in tariffs and bounties and by which when a man, who goes to the city for a by the purchase of their product. But after job, is out of a job, he can come home and live with twenty years the Tatanagar Works "still needs to his family; and that family is organized after a

manner of which we are incapable. Grandparents, traders, brokers and speculators, by any system of and parents, and children live together. The sons' direct exchange, we could make it possible for our wives are under the dominion of the grandmother land to support a much greater population with- and the children hardly know which is their own out the scandal of unemployment.

mother among the parents of the household, eat- Debt and the Poor Man ing as they do of the rice that is cooked on the Moreover the debt situation in India which is one fire and living on the one estate. All I have to so generally deplored should, I believe, be looked say about that system is that it works. at from the poor man's point of view. The In- The third method of life in India that helps the dian peasant who borrows must not be regarded as a sheer fool. The money lenders are not the people to have their food is the village system by which caste and the joint-family are permitted to only cunning men in India. The peasant who bor- rows has often no intention of repaying until he organize the vast multitudes of India in their re- is compelled. He is the only man in India who lation to the soil with mutual production. Not gets prompt service under the inflexible and rigid in any spirit of benevolence, but by tradition, the people live together in these villages. They are described as "a human organization whose pur- credit system of that country. His wants are atpose is the exploitation of the soil, with a view to tended to. He gets money when he needs it. He pays it back when he is compelled. It is true that ensuring a livelihood for the community." since the Indian peasant is a bad risk he pays a A System Akin to Slavery high rate of interest. The principal comes back I found in India also certain modifications of to the lender in the form of excessive interest.

the economic liberty of the individual which were But it seems to me that we should look upon it abhorrent to missionaries and officials. They seem from the point of view of the Indian peasant, and to be, and they are, forms like unto slavery. I not of the American economist or reformer.

mention them only because they seem to be meth- Mr. Gandhi has said that "when you think of ods by which the population is rationed. The the poor you should think with a poor man's "Kamia System" prevails in parts of India. Un- mind." I have attempted therefore to mention der this system a man can sell himself to a credi- those methods of Indian village life which seem tor who loans him even a small amount of money, to me to be adjustments to the pressure of the and the debt may be continued even into his son's people on the land. They have a certain use, at life in the next generation, while the debtor is put least in rationing the population and distributing in a servile relation to the creditor. The courts to each one those essentials of life which are need- have been unable to extinguish this system of ed by us all, namely, food, shelter, and clothing.

near-slavery. I mention it only because its pur- Having these the Indian peasant is all too content.

pose is to secure bread and shelter; since it works It is a cause of grief to the European observer and continues, it should first be inspected before that he does not seem to desire to increase his the attempt is made to abolish it. standard of living.

In the Ganges Valley we found the "Jajmani This system was of interest to me because of System" by which certain families of outcastes, or its efficiency in distribution of the products of the untouchables, were subjected to other families soil among a vast and steadily increasing popula- more respectable and elevated. But by this sys- tion, upon a soil that can be increased only within tem these untouchable families are fed, housed narrow limits.

and clothed. For all its subordination and its like- The Government of India is a government that ness to serfdom, it is a social relation that has a considers the poor. Being ourselves a young coun- money value, and the untouchable family can sell try we in America have not risen to that height.

fora price the right to serve their superiors. Fur- Our government considers the well-to-do, or at thermore, we discovered that those untouchable least the upper middle class. Its economic doc- and depressed outclassed households were by this trine is the preservation of prosperity. Not so method protected against want and hunger. the Government of India. Machinery has been Throughout India we also found that the people perfected by that government, through a century of the villages are protected against the encroach- and a half of experimentation, to a perfection that ments of the trader class by a system of local in this century has practically abolished famine markets. In the Ranchi District these markets and has greatly reduced the death rate by certain are out under the trees near the village, and to diseases. The increase in the population of India them the villagers walk, carrying their products is partly a result of these activities I am about to from one to five miles, trading with one another describe. Briefly speaking, the government's pol- without the intervention of a merchant class. If icy of farm relief is a response to the reports made we in America could eliminate the middleman, by every District Magistrate to his superiors.

THE UNTOUCHABLES BY WHOM WE TOUCH INDIA

When these reports give notice of scarcity in a we do not know about. For years John Goheen section described, the attention of the whole gov- has been the president of his mission at Sangli ernment is turned in that direction. If later the and you never hear of him. The work of E. E.

responsible officer, that is, the collector in that dis- Slater at Etah is mainly bestowed upon the devel- trict, reports want, then a technical ministry of opment of poultry, and now of goats, for the im- the government proceeds to lighten taxation, mak- provement of the diet of the villagers in the Gan- ing a particular kind of loan, alert to prevent what ges Valley. You have probably never heard of may follow. Slater's work, but he also has been for years the If famine follows, the third descent toward hun- president of his mission. Now the Government ger, the Government acts at once; a state of fam- has approved of a grant for an enterprise of his ine is declared, the Government suspends taxes, that will set him forward for five years in his plans releases people from other obligations, issues loans for the physical and economic prosperity of these where necessary, and Jllldertakes to employ and to villages. I could speak at length about these agri- feed the population in the territory described. cultural enterprises which I have seen and of Famine used to be the gaunt spectre of India, ac- which I have heard. The passion for the land companying war and disease. Thus it desolated among the Indian peasantry makes agricultural the land and kept the population down. Now al- missions easy, so that it is no exaggeration to say though by the nature of the country and the im- that the teaching of agriculture in India is better mensity of the population there is famine some- than it is in America.

where every year, the range of it is limited, and India is a land in which prosperity is evident. its effects upon the people are forestalled by a wise It is not the prosperity of lip-stick, silk stockings, Government. India is a land in which not only radios and automobiles that are "put across" by is the instinctive and traditional life of the people high pressure salesmen. India does not welcome organized for living upon the soil, but also where the salesman of that kind, and does not much dethe attention of the Government is mainly direct- sire the uniform product. But the Indian peasant ed toward the same end. is traveling; the trains are crammed with white- clad and white-turbaned figures. The railroad In that spirit the Government has promoted co- stations are the centers of enthusiastic throngs operative organization for rural credit, and for of trippers. Motor lorries are filled to the roof certain other agricultural processes with some with bright and alert villagers going from place success. I am not one to believe that cooperation to place. The people today dress better, I am told; can be promoted by either a government agency they are buying the manufactured products of Inor by a religious agency as well as by the people dia and of Europe in increasing amounts. They themselves. But one must admit that in India the are lighting their houses with kerosene, and their Government and certain of the missions have had cities and towns in an increasing degree with eleca record of success. Agricultural science, both in tricity. The very unrest of India is evidence, to experiment and in teaching, is an agency of the the social philosopher, of minds released from the Government. Vast irrigation projects have been fear of hunger to yearn after greater liberties. used to extend the arable areas, some of which ex- India prefers prosperity, not as an attainment of ceed the magnitude of the Suez Canal, and one social elevation, but as promise of enjoyment in alone will water an area as great as the irrigated feasts, in clothing, in more abundant food and in area of Egypt. Last of all the Government has travel. The Indians are the original "ultimate attempted by industrialization to elevate the consumers" and their prosperity is evidenced, not standard of living of the people of India.

Some Agricultural Missions in building bigger factories, but in using the goods. The Indian does not attempt to reach a Now I went to India intending to spend my higher level of economic expenditure when money comes to him, but he attempts to enjoy his money spare time in the study of agricultural missions, at once in feasts, garments and in the showy enand found that the great work of Sam Higginbot- joyable experiences of a glad consumer. tom has been more successful than even Sam himself has reported. His enterprise at Allahabad ought to be pictured and celebrated by a more elo- But this prosperity lifts the lid of the kettle quent pen. His success in building soil and creat- of fears and fills the house with the steam of as- ing orchards, and his attainment in teaching agri- piration. To change the figure a little, it opens culture, are far beyond anything we have real- the throttle of the boiler and permits the steam ized. An Englishman, well informed, once said to power to go out to the engineering of all human me that Sam Higginbottom is the greatest mis- dreams. India has always been a land of abstrac- sionary in India. But I was even more interested tions and aspirations, expressed in schemes and in other agricultural projects of a modest sort that idealized performance. Now with just enough

prosperity, widely distributed among the poor, the But the amazing thing I found in our mission people of India want what they never wanted be- work is that, in spite of the great number of fore. women missionaries, nothing adequate is done for The first thing they want is justice, equality. the Indian woman as a woman, a wife, a mother No, it is not the first. What the people want first and a citizen. In a few places obstetrical work is of all is land. One is saluted by beggars, not in being done for her in the experience of child- the villages, but in the seaports and at the rail- birth. There is medical work by women for road stations. In villages they did not ask for women which cannot be too highly praised.

money or for bread, but they did many times ask Zenana mission work is organized in sections for land. That is the first aspiration of India. where purdah confines the woman to the house.

Indeed land is the first pledge to justice and equal- But the women of India are not adequately ap- ity. But the lawyers of India and the pedagogues proached as such by the women of America.

are the two largest educated groups. They want Christianity has done much for women in Amer- justice. They have read about European systems ica. The Gospel has been laid hold of by our that match the dreams of the Indian philosopher American women in the past fifty years and be- with reality. They have a hunger for equality cause of its teachings great organizations have which the peasants express in saying "give us been formed in our American churches, the most land." The townsmen and the lawyers, and the powerful, the most administrative and the most college professor express it in saying, "give us enjoyable, by which women do missionary work independence, Dominion status or freedom from at home and abroad. It is a great feminist or- England." ganization, but none of it gets into the experience What India Wants of our missionaries abroad. The first satisfaction of the hunger of India will, I think, be a move- But the desires of India are not expressed by ment by American women to advance the mind her lawyers or her pedagogues. Their education and spirit of Indian women living in the jointis European and therefore their social hunger is family system so that they may become more in- European. What India wants is what a poor man telligent wives, and mothers, and citizens. desires. If I may interpret the hungers of India from their organization to which they have ad- To this end our own education, and the present hered, from their joint-family system, from the system of education in the Indian schools and colclustering in villages from which they have shown leges are equally unfitted. Some harm is done by no departure, from the tenacity with which they mission schools in so influencing the minds of live in the same section after decades of railroad their young women graduates that they never organization, after a century of good roads, and a marry. A sterilizing operation is performed on century and a half of good government, I would their mind that prevents them from having a say that the hunger of India is first of all for a home or children. What we need is an underhome, a habitat for the joint-family, with land as standing of women by women in terms of the life its basis. The Government's effort to supply In- they must live. The source of it will be found dia's need has been, I suppose, the greatest colon- very largely in our poetry and our fiction, in which ial project in human history. But there is right the woman at home in America and in Western here an unsatisfied want of India which the Gov- Europe has been understood-her fortitude, her ernment can never satisfy. The Indian wants a gentleness and her dynamic power through her home, a family life, a habitat for his joint-family husband, her children and her neighbors. The organization by which he is fed, and housed, and mission to the home in India cannot be accomclothed. The satisfaction of his want will be given plished by those who condescend. It requires the him in the training of the women of India. preparation of women, before they go out from Christian lands, in the history and the nature of Everywhere throughout India the woman is the family life, for which few of our universities are chief expression of the hunger of India. Do not now equipped. think that all the Indian women are either brow- beaten or enslaved. They are wholesome looking The Indian also has hunger for beasts; he loves creatures, showing none of the scars of the de- his ox and his buffalo. He is said to worship the plorable degradation one so often hears about. If cow. I cannot endorse the worship of the cow, she is browbeaten or degraded she does not often but I can justify the feelings of the illiterate who, show it. She is in a subordinate· position, but with his ancestor before him for a thousand years, subordination is universal in the Indian social has lived with his hand on the hairy hide of the life. The women are recognized by all writers as bullock or the grotesque head of the buffalo, and a great obstacle to progress, to justice, and to who thinks of them with religious gratitude. We Christianity. must not lightly turn away from their feelings.

THE UNTOUCHABLES BY WHOM WE TOUCH INDIA

But the greatest hunger of India is to be free of Scripture committed to memory, seemed to me from fears. The Indian peasant wants to stand the best attainment in India.

up and look his fellows in the face. This simple n is a strange thing to read the words of this change of posture is the most complicated thing in Hindu lawyer giving high praise to missionaries the world. I have been reading the story of the of the Cross of Christ, and saying that they Mundas and the Uraons, aboriginal tribes with brought to these persecuted Mundas and Uraons whom I spent the months of March and April last manly independence and moral dignity. That year. They have been persecuted, exploited, seems to me to be the highest tribute to be paid robbed and oppressed by Hindu masters. These the Christian religion as to its ability to satisfy parasites have pursued them out of the Ganges the hunger of a great people. These aboriginal Valley and up into the higher mountain lands, into tribes build no colleges, establish no hospitals; the deep jungles, where the Mundas and Uraons they have provided the people only with the have cleared the soil with unbelievable labor and preaching of the Christian Gospel and the minis- have built their homes. One remote place after try of Christian pastors living in the villages.

another has been conquered by their heroic toil The hunger of India calls for very much that we and now the jungles have been cleared and made cannot give, but the one offering we can make is habitable. For centuries they had no protection acceptable to the very heart of India, namely, except to fly at their oppressors and burn their teaching moral dignity to the women in the homes houses, kill their wives and children, supposing and to the men in the villages. This is a by- that by terror they might secure some release. product of Christian teaching. The purpose of The courts and the laws of the British Govern- the Gospel is to bring men to worship God, but ment when Britain became the ruler of India were this by-product in the present need of India is ineffective, according to Mr. Roy, the lawyer who most precious.

has written the story of the Mundas. But he pays For the satisfaction of the Nationalist spirit of tribute to the Christian missionary who brought India, however, we have much to give. An Indian to these persecuted Mundas and Uraons the Word prince in New York recently asked Americans to of God, lived by resident missionaries, and exem- give India agriculture and medical missions. With plified in the lives of German, English and Bel- the growing spirit of national independence India gian Christian ministers. will accept the education we can give, the agricul- This Hindu writer pays a surprising tribute to ture and the medicine. These the churches are "their conversion-and the consequent growth of eager to convey to the peoples of India, and the manly independence among them." He says: "In growing spirit of India will accept those gifts as Mundari and Uraon villages of the Ranchi Dis- gladly as we give them. But my conviction is, trict, the most careless observer can tell the house after this period of service and observation in of a Christian convert of some year's standing India, that the greatest offering we can give is the from that of his non-Christian fellow tribesmen by resident pastor living with the people. I well the greater cleanliness of the Christian's house know that our American missions differ from the and the general neatness and orderliness of every- European in the low esteem we place upon the thing about it." Elsewhere he asserts that Chris- work of the ordained Christian minister. Ameri- tian missions have given, what British laws and cans delight to see a vast hospital with the Cross courts could not furnish, namely, moral dignity to over its door. Europeans are not so sure that re- the oppressed folk. Among the Mundas and ligion can express itself as well in a hospital as in Uraons the Germans have maintained no hospi- a house of worship. Americans delight in a so- tals. Their leaders deplore their lack of a college called Christian college. Europeans probably for the higher education of leaders, being, I sup- have long distrusted the connection between the pose, unaware that the Christian colleges fail to Christian religion and secular education. We are educate the children of villagers. But they have only beginning to feel that distrust. But the Euro- pastors living in villages where their churches pean carries his interest in religion clear through are located, and catechists in the villages in which to its expression in the congregation and the pastheir people live. In this they are like the other tor. They believe in bishops who are also pastors European missions I have mentioned. In this at l.arge. But religion is adequately expressed penetration to the villages with the Gospel, not to an European only in the congregation and only spoken, but lived, by trained and ordained the pastor. All our mission work ought to be men, they exemplify the highest attainment of the reorganized so that the offerings of America Christian Gospel, among an oppressed and ex- should be in· proper balance, and the center of equilibrium must be the pastor living with his ploited people. Their services of worship, elabor- people. And we should send women trained for . ate in ritual, noble in music, and abundant in use teaching the home-dwelling woman in villages. By the REV. J. HARRY COTTON, D. D., Columbus, Ohio Joseph Cook Lecturer on India for 1931·32 M y present visit to India has made increas- gelism. They especially attack the use of hospi- ingly clear to me the fact that Christian- tals and educational services as opportunities to ity can make no peace with Hinduism. win disciples to Jesus Christ. It is possible that No honest visitor can deny the excellent things in there have been breaches of good taste in the Hindu philosophy and practice. :6ut we went to matter of trying to convert sick people. But it is Benares. There we saw the crudity, the filth, the as true that the fundamental reason for all this superstition and the pathos of Indian faith. The opposition to proselytism is the fear that the golden temple, the most sacred temple of Benares, Christians are growing too rapidly in numbers was crowded with visitors coming from the for the comfort of Hinduism. Part of this fear is Ganges where they had bathed .and prepared to political as in the case of the Hindu Mahasahba.

make their offerings. Within the temple was no This organization is pledged to win back to Hin- image of any god, but only the phallic symbol, duism as many of its former adherents as pos- so constantly seen in Indian temples. sible, simply to strengthen the Hindu political A few days later we sat on the steps of a clean, position. Tremendous pressure was brought chaste little temple on the banks of one of the against Christians during this past census to get rivers into which the Ganges breaks up before it them to declare themselves Hindus, whatever pours itself into the Bay of Bengal. We sat, their belief.

watching the river flow by, and talked for two A great center of missionary work that we hours with a monk of the Ramakrishna mission were privileged to visit is Allahabad. It is one on the things of the spirit. I was impressed by of the holiest cities of India, for it is here that his ideals of oneness with God, peace of spirit the Jumna and the Ganges rivers join. If one is and absence of injury. But when I mentioned to believe the Indian traditions, a third river what I had seen in Benares and told of the multi- comes out of the ground and joins the two. Here tudes who were washing there to have their sins at the great feast, or Mela, in January over a removed, he could take no exception. It was their million pilgrims gather each year and bathe in faith, he said, they could find peace through those the mingling of the waters. Here in the midst rites. In a later incarnation they might be born of Hinduism, the Presbyterian mission is conduct- into higher insight. ing a great work. Across the Jumna River from It is this easy-going acquiescence with things the city is the wonderful Agricultural Institute as they are that so thoroughly condemns Hindu- of Dr. Bam Higginbottom. Here the Christian ism. With this attitude the Gospel of Christ, Gospel seeks to bring to India the abundant life.

with its urgent Gospel of redemption, can make Here are experiments in cattle-breeding, with milk no peace. carefully weighed and tested for each separate On the other hand I have been impressed with cow, food weighed and varied in experiment, the the eager reception that students give to the whole thing done most scientifically. Here are Christian message in India. In Lahore I was in- two agricultural schools, one for men of college vited by the principal to speak in the Sanatan standing, doing advanced and scientific work, and Dharma College one noon. The classes were dis- one for young men from the mass movement missed and over 400 students gathered under the areas who, lacking education, are yet permitted trees. Here they sat on the ground or stood and to learn by practice the principle of sound farm- listened for almost an hour to a lecture on Chris- ing.

tian faith. And this is one of the most orthodox If the Indian village can be put on a sounder of Hindu colleges. economic basis and the frightful poverty allevi- It is equally true that many Hindu thinkers and ated, even in a slight way, it will be the first step leaders are today opposing what they call prose- to advance along many lines cultural, sanitary lytism and what the Christian church calls evan- and domestic, as well as religious.

[226]

Christ's Method of

..:( By DR. SAM HIGGINBOTTOM Allahabad. India T o the thoughtful, devout Christian who is the world and preach the Gospel to every creature seeking to know and to do God's will in … cast out demons … and lay hands on the spreading the good news of Salvation sick." (Mark 16 :15-18.) According to Matththrough Jesus Christ, our Lord, there arise ques- ew's record He sent forth His disciples to "teach tionings. The progress of winning the world to all nations, baptizing them in the name of the Christ seems very slow. There is so much ef- Father, and of the Son and the Holy Ghost, teachfort and with so little apparent result. Chris- ing them to observe all things whatsoever I have tians do not question the adequacy of the Lord commanded you." (Matthew 28 :19-20.) Jesus to save to the uttermost all who come to Him in faith. They believe that the power is We are on safe ground, therefore, when we there; why then can we not more completely ex- urge preaching as an important and essential perience that in carrying that saving knowledge method in the spreading of the Gospel. But is to every creature'? preaching alone sufficient'? May we expect the world to come to a saving knowledge of the Lord In all cases of doubt and questionings our re- Jesus through preaching alone? sort is to the Word of God. Let us then, in all reverence, see what light His Word will throw I believe that the Lord Jesus sets forth that on these questions that may help us in our great more than preaching is necessary. The Gospel, task. We assume that those who bear the ves- as revealed by its Author, has three forms of acsels of the Lord are clean, that they have experi- tivity, all of which He used. They are like a enced the new birth, that they are consecrated, rope with three strands-Preaching, Healing, that they purpose to do the will of God as they Teaching. understand it. To PREACH is to proclaim as a herald, to trum- Is the method that we use today to spread the pet, to inspire to action. Gospel the same that our Lord gave us, both by specific command and by example'? Do we put To HEAL means to restore to health, both body the emphasis where He put it'? Do we preserve and mind; to cure disease, both of body and mind; the balance between the different ways of spread- to make whole or healthy; to cast out evil ing the Gospel that He exemplified in His own spirits. ministry? To TEACH means to instruct, to cause to learn. Jesus Christ announced His program for His There is in teaching the idea of repetition, of conown ministry in the synagogue at Nazareth tinuing till the truth be grasped by the learner. (Luke 4 :18-19). "The Spirit of the Lord is upon me because he hath anointed me to preach The Gospels clearly distinguish between the Gospel to the poor; He hath sent me to heal preaching and teaching and healing. We do well the broken hearted, to preach deliverance to the to follow the lead of the Gospels. "Jesus began captives and recovering of sight to the blind, to to preach." (Matt. 4:17.) "Jesus went about set at liberty them that are bruised, to preach all Galilee teaching in their synagogues and the acceptable year of the Lord." preaching the Gospel of the Kingdom, and heal- ing all manner of sickness and all manner of dis- Preaching takes first place in this program; ease among the people." (Matt. 4 :23 and 9 :35.) but not to the exclusion of healing the affiicted and delivering the oppressed. We note that The word preach and its derivatives is used Jesus spent much of his time in preaching. thirty-one times in the Gospels. Christ gave the (Matt. 4:17; Matt. 11:1; Mark 1:38.) command to preach always in conjunction with coordinate commands to heal and to teach. He Jesus himself preached and he appointed and preached, He healed, He taught, as a harmonious sent forth His disciples to preach, and also gave blending. It is unthinkable that He would spend them power to heal the sick, and to cast out de- this time doing the less important-when the mons. (Mark 3 :14-115; Matt. 10 :7, 8.) more important was to be done.

Our Lord's final word to His disciples after His The word ·"teach" and its derivatives is used crucifixion and resurrection was to "go into all forty times in the Gospels.

Our Lord was fully occupied with praying prec- edent to preaching, teaching, healing and attend- [227]

ing weddings, dinners, funerals and other social ample, not only of our Lord, but of the most suc- functions. cessful foreign missionary the Church has ever When Jesus was on earth there were in the known? We have no record that our Lord Jesus synagogue regular religious services for worship ever rescinded or abrogated His commands to daily as well as on the Sabbath, and there was in preach, to heal, to teach what He taught.

addition a day school held in the synagogue. This If this is true, then by what authority do we was where Jesus received His secular education. neglect them? Should we not obey Him fully?

His love for the children was probably fostered In December, 1903, I attended a Christian Stuby contact with them in these schools. dents' Conference at Etawah at which was a num- ber of recent Indian converts. I asked each one Jesus was evidently a good speaker, enunciated privately what it was in Dr. John Mott's mesclearly, did not speak too fast, and properly modulated His voice so that all could hear. sage that has caused him to take another stand. What we call "The Sermon on the Mount," Each one said that Dr. Mott had put the matter as teaching is unsurpassed and unsurpassable; in such a way that they felt it natural to carry unique, as Christ himself is unique. I suppose out their preconceived desire to openly confess that He repeated much of this teaching in the Christ. Some had been secret believers for years synagogues. When He saw the multitudes "as and all had given years to Bible study in mission sheep not having a shepherd He began to teach schools or colleges. During my life in India, I them many things." (Matt. 9 :36 and Mark 6 :34.) nave sought to trace the cause that has led to If the literate Jews in the villages needed to be men's conversion. I have never heard of anyone, taught many things, how much more do the mul- totally ignorant of the Gospel, who has been pertitudes need it in our Indian villages r suaded to accept Jesus Christ as his Lord and Jesus differentiated between preaching and Saviour after hearing it preached once. Con- teaching. He went up into the temple and version has come as the result of study and pon- taught. (Matt. 26:55; John 7:14; 8:2; 18:20; dering.

Mark 8 :31; 9 :31; 12 :35; Luke 19 :47.) "He was I am convinced that Christian schools and colteaching in one of the synagogues on the Sab- leges where non-Christians are taught by spiritbath." (Luke 13 :10.) filled men and women are about the best evan- We see that our Lord by command and exam- gelistic agencies we have. Boys and girls enter ple used preaching, healing, and teaching as es- the mission schools at an impressionable age.

sentials in His Gospel of Salvation. If we com- They watch the lives of their teachers. In the pare our present method with the method of daily Bible study period they can ask questions Jesus have we anything to learn? Should evan- and hear the answers. A careful distinction gelistic workers spend all their time preaching as should be drawn between the ingathering of edu- that term is commonly understood? Should their cated Indians and the ingathering in mass move- training include healing and teaching? Does the ment areas. When the educated men and women emphasiR on preaching to the exclusion of these are converted it means that the Holy Spirit has other two factors lead to the right attitude of persuaded them to accept the Lord Jesus as their mind on the part of the preacher? Does preach- Saviour. They are really born again. In the ing alone tend to develop spiritual pride, self- case of most mass movement converts, baptism righteousness and exclusiveness? Does it lead to does not necessarily mean a true understanding of that ingathering into the Church and the King- its significance or a definite committal to the Lord- dom that we have every right to expect from the ship of Jesus. Usually such converts are dissatis- promises and encouragement and presence of our fied with their position and see a w.ay out through Lord and Saviour among us? Does the preacher baptism. They desire a change but do not un- need these other activities to keep him balanced? derstand what the change involves. They must be The writer of the Acts, which is one of the most taught and built up in faith and character. In vital books of the Bible for us at the present day some missions many years of mass movement in India, says: "The former treatise have I work produces only a small minority of converts made, 0 Theophilus, of all that Jesus began both who are fit for full church membership. I firmly to do and to teach." The last verse of the Acts, believe that the mass movement is of God. The which seems to break right off in the middle of results are unquestionable, but we need to be things, says: "PauL… preaching the King- careful and to analyze the various factors. The dom of God and teachIng those things which con- New Testament lays down the three-fold mission- cern the Lord Jesus Christ, with all confidence, no ary method: preaching, teaching, healing. These man forbidding him." Should we not bring the are coordinate, and we cannot ignore anyone of Acts to a logical conclusion by following the ex- these methods without injury to the cause.

A Christian Missionary to

The Rev. William Mitchell Paden, D. D., of Salt Lake City By the REV. A. J. MONTGOMERY, D. D. ]:..

Board of National Missions, Presbyterian Church, U. S. A., Department of Alaska, Indians and Mormons O NE of the great men of the West, a distin- 1912. One of the missionaries present struck a guished missionary to the Mormons, died spark of deep emotion in the hearts of all by re- in Salt Lake City, Utah, September 17, ferring to generous help which Dr. Paden had so 1931, at the ripe age of seventy-seven years. The freely given. As adviser and guide, as friend death of Dr. William M. Paden marks the removal and sympathizer, he is enshrined immortally in of a last link in the chain of distinguished home the hearts of those who knew him.

missionaries of the Roc k y . Many of Dr. Paden's activ- Mountain district. The fame ities led him out into the field and influence of such men as of nation-wide interests. Some the late Bishop Spaulding, Dr. years ago, when the Mormon Thomas C. Iliff, Dr. Wishard hierarchy deemed it advisable and Dr. Martin were not local to make a practical test of the but nation-wide. Such men of strength of the feeling in the the old guard sounded no retreat United States in regardtopolyg- and sought no compromise, but amous marriages, Brigham H.

contended earnestly for the Roberts ran as a candidate for Christian faith amid many dif- representative in Congress. He ficulties. Now the last survivor was openly known as a polyg- of that splendid pioneer group amist, and with Mormon back- has entered into rest. ing was elected. A wave of William M. Paden was en- indignation swept over the na- deared to the missionaries of tion. Protests began to rise the Presbyterian Church and to from coast to coast, and it was those of all the other Protest- evident that the sense of de- ant denominations working in cency of right thinking people Utah. His was a deep and prac- had been outraged. It was Dr.

tical sympathy. He always un- Paden, along with Thomas C.

derstood. He knew their prob- THE REV. WILLIAM M. PADEN, D. D. Iliff and Clarence Thurston lems and the pressure which Brown, who gathered the evi- the Mormon authorities could dence, directed the campaign bring to bear on any particular spot. His mind over the whole nation and organized public was philosophical and analytical, and he could in- sentiment that denied Roberts a seat in Con- terpret the peculiar phenomena to be found in gress. Thus the Mormon hierarchy had its first Utah where Christianity is still a minority reli- experience of the force of the vox populi.

gion. For sixteen years he occupied positions in Later, when Apostle Reed Smoot was elected as his church which demanded close supervision of senator from Utah, again there was a protest the field work, and was brought into intimate con- raised against seating in Congress this high dig- tact with the homes and lives of many missiona- nitary of the Church of the Latter Day Saints.

ries. He was keen and sympathized with their Dr. Paden was called to be the chairman of the burdens in a very practical way and often made Utah Citizens Committee, which framed and it possible for a missionary family to meet a cri- pushed the protest. Though they did not succeed sis, financial or otherwise. in preventing· the seating of Mr. Smoot, neverthe- A memorial service was held for Dr. Paden in less the agitation led to a national disapproval the First Presbyterian Church of Salt Lake City, of the practice of polygamy and caused the presi- where Dr. Paden had been pastor from 1897 to dent of the Mormon Church to abrogate its prac- [229]

tice. After the admission of Utah as a state and Paden rendered was to give an address on Morthe enactment of a federal law against polygamy monism to the young people's classes of the Sunthe approach of Christian missions to Mormonism day school of the University ward of Salt Lake was greatly changed. Dr. Paden's personality en- City. Two classes were consolidated and Dr. Paabled him to bridge the gap between the old and den was given an earnest hearing as he skilfully the new. The technique that was found useful called attention to some of the deficiencies and in the days of Dr. Wishard's pioneering had be- trends of their Mormon religion. come less valuable. New attitudes, new contacts and new approaches were required. Unusual Perhaps the greatest service of this home misqualities of mind and heart are needed to change sionary of the Christian church has been along from methods that have been endeared by use and the lines of cooperative effort. In all Utah and sacrifice to entirely new approaches, yet this in the southern part of Idaho the Mormons prechange was made by Dr. Paden and others. Facts dominate and dominate in every way-politically, have justified the change and evidence is not lack- in business, socially and religiously. Mormonism ing that within "Mormonaria," to use one of Dr. is a clan, with clan thinking, action and move- Paden's whimsical terms, there is now going on a ment. It is impossible to describe adequately the ferment which may in the future be evidenced in solidity of the opposition to the Christian propamost surprising results. ganda. Christianity is a minority religion and for that reason separateness on the part of the No man ever fought the evils of Mormonism various Christian groups would be without exmore effectively than Dr. Paden, and yet he was cuse. A Home Missions Council was organized generally on friendly terms with its leaders. Dr. for Utah and has functioned splendidly. Work- Edward Laird Mills, editor of the Pacific Chris- ers in that state boast that competition has been tian Advocate, in an editorial on Dr. Paden, calls eliminated; allotments of territory have been attention to the fact that on a certain Sunday made and accepted, and an interdenominational morning in the fall of 1916 Hon. Brigham Roberts, Christian workers' conference is held periodically. Dr. Paden and himself sat down together at break- Nowhere can a better cooperative spirit be found fast in Richfield, Utah. No one would ever have among religious bodies. In all this Dr. Paden guessed that two of the men had been opponents wrought valiantly with the purpose of presenting in a bitter struggle. One of the last services Dr. a united and loyal front for Christian advance.

The Po-wer of India's Women By E. MARIE HOLMES Gauhati, Assam, Principal of the Girls' Boarding School, American Bat>tist Mission W OMAN anywhere is baffling, elusive; the Rajput Rani Padmani, Queen-mother of twelve Orient is always secretive, mystical. So an sons, outwitting Allah-ud-din, and effecting her Indian woman is a double conundrum. husband's rescue. Who can read the mind of the woman whose dress screens her face from one's gaze? Who can know There are also the unnamed and unnumbered the heart of one whose customs are curtains of women of Chitore, each dressed in her wedding concealments? For a score of years I have counted gown, and each holding her children by the hand, Indian women among my friends, but today I am as she calmly walks into the flames of Johar-the not so sure, as I was fifteen years ago, that I have even a slight understanding of my Indian sister. death of honor-while her husband goes forth to She so often fails to react as I expect. She is sell his life at a high price, so that when Allahalways surprising me. As I read history I marvel ud-din enters Chitore it is a smouldering city of at the brilliant chapters written by veiled women the dead. who courted seclusion. As I read the signs of the times, I am amazed at the power of soft voices There is Razia Begum, daughter of Altamishspeaking from the folds of concealing draperies. declared by her father to be worth more than a score of sons-sitting on the throne of Delhi by Foremost in any review of Indian women is the the nearly unanimous vote of the nobles.

There is Isa Begum, bestowed upon one of the chief officers of the man who had defeated her

THE POWER OF INDIA'S WOMEN

husband in battle, locking her new master in her the villages married women were not allowed to room, bidding her ladies stab him to death and have hypodermics for Kala-azhar, because this throw him from the window, while she sends word kept them away from the work of the house and to her husband's conqueror: "I am the wife of field too long. When I protested that even wives Yunas. Contrary to law, you gave me to another would die of Kala-azhar if they did not take the man, so I slew him. Come and slay me if you prescribed injections, this girl (herself a young choose." wife who had not been allowed to finish the treat- ments) said, "When one wife dies, it is very easy There is Mahum, beloved wife of Babar, to to get another." This will not continue to be the greet whom the Emperor runs barefoot, bare- case when the women, who have so recently taken headed, six miles out from Agra, coming back to public platforms, extend their mission to the over the dusty road walking alongside the royal village. chair and holding Mahum's hand. The growth of the spirit of nationalism has There is Nurjahan, the bride for whom Jehangir opened a new world for the women of India. They waited fourteen and six years, becoming the are grasping their new opportunities with the old power behind the Mogul thron€. spirit of abandonment and self-sacrifice. This is the human material from which the Spirit of God There is Mumtaj Mahal, the mother of thirteen is calling forth a church of Christ in India. It is of Shah Jahan's children, and the refining influ- from this heritage of loyalty, bravery, constancy ence in his life, the inspiration for the Taj Maha!. and devotion that already the Christian Church in India boasts an honor roll of such women as There is Kisen Kumari, the beautiful virgin Chandra Lila and Pandita Ramabai, Lilevati 'Singh Rajput Princess of the nineteenth century, who to and Lakshmi Goreh. end the civil strife caused by rival chiefs demanding her in marriage, stands unflinching to receive Not unlike Sadhu Sundar Singh's testimony the steel of her brother's dagger. When his cour- concerning his mother's influence is the tribute age fails and the dagger falls to the floor, she which Isahoc K. Marak gave his mother at our holds three draughts of poison to her lips with recent Gauhati Bible Class. He said: "My mother steady hand. When these fail to act, she requests must have been a very religious woman. Although a deadly dose of opium, and lays her down to she died when I was but a boy, I can remember sleep, knowing that she will never waken. how she prayed with me about many things. The hymns I remember most distinctly are those she These are not poets' tales, but historical annals sang to me when I was a child. She so filled my of the royal women of India. young life with spiritual things, that becoming a Christian seemed as natural as growing in physi- When such women were queens and empresses, cal stature." must not here have been multitudes of women of like spirit among their sUbjects? The Rajput cus- It is in the women that the real strength of tom of Johar, the Hindu suttee, prove that femi- Hinduism lies today. It is the women who cling nine constancy, devotion and intrepidity were not most tenaciously to caste, to purdah, to ceremoconfined to royalty. nies. In Moslem homes it is the women, usually the older women, who watch most vigilantly for What of the Indian womanhood of our day? Is any suggestion of departure from their faith, and it strong and courageous? Does the spirit of hero- who repulse any statement that may be at variism survive? Recent events indicate that it does. ance with accepted Moslem belief. I believe that if the men of Hindu and Moslem households were Regardless of what we may think of picketing to tear down the purdahs of their homes and inand of other non-cooperation activities, we must vite their women out into public life, the women admit that the women of India made a large con- would respond by weaving heavier purdahs and tribution to the success of the movement that has staying more closely behind them. Times without taken India to the foundation. number I have seen zenana women exalt their restrictions under the purdah system, much as a Is Mahatma Gandhi imprisoned? Mrs. Naidu newly betrothed girl parades her diamond ring. succeeds him in command, and Mrs. Gandhi car- But when, if ever, discarding purdah appeals to ries on bravely according to her ability. the women of India as a duty, they will discard it Does R. C. Das fall? His wife steps into the as their own right.

breach. I think of Soniram Borah's quiet little illiterate girl-wife, successfully thwarting her husband's Do lawyers and leaders of men talk of annulling well-laid plans to put his son in a mission boardthe Sardar Act? Women hold mass meetings, and voices that were but recently wont to whisper softly behind purdahs, thunder forth from public platforms, "The Sardar Act .shall stay/" A far cry, that, from the Laws of Manu! It sounds like a voice from another world than that of the Kamrup Indu villager, who told me last week that in

ing school. She had no physical force; she did not not have money, not even egg money (although raise her voice. She used her tongue most effec- they do have eggs of varied grades!) but they tively by not using it at all. For days on end she give what they have-the rice that they help did not speak to her husband nor to anyone else transplant, that they husk and clean, that they in his presence. She did not cook his rice. She cook for the daily meals. With this "rice money"

would not brew his tea. Thus she prevented her they support evangelists and teachers and send son from being sent to a mission school. girls (and boys) to school-not their own boys All over the land there are many sons of India and girls, but children of the community who give who would become professed followers of Jesus promise of becoming leaders. It was the sacrificial Christ were they not the sons and husbands of giving of the women of 'South Kamrup that re- quiet women who will not allow any such depar- sulted in the opening of the Gauhati Boarding ture from their ancestral faith. If India is to be School for Girls. In those days a man was usually won for Jesus Christ, the women of India must chairman of the Woman's Committee, and often first be won for Him. some of the other brethren attended the Woman's The mother of Sadhu Sundar Singh was never Meeting with him when they wanted to influence numbered among the women of the Indian the distribution of the Woman's Fund, but they Church, but his biographer states: "It was his never found the women sleeping nor were they mother, above all, who fostered and guided his easily dissuaded from a course upon which they unique religious bent. Many have marked the had decided. When they determined to help open love that beams on his face whenever he speaks a boarding school for girls, no plea that there was of her." The Sadhu himself said: "The mother's a greater need for village pandits could dissuade bosom is the best theological college in the world. them.

. . . It was the Holy Ghost who made me a Chris- During those first years of contact with our tian, but it was my mother [who died when he was fourteen] who made me a Sadhu." village Christians I was often indignant when I As I consider the place of women in the Indian saw the men of the family wrapped in a blanket Church, I am reminded also of the testimony of woven by the women, while the women sat with the Rev. Romanus Doimari concerning the rapid no warm covering and exposed to the penetratgrowth of the Christian Church among the Kach- ing cold as they nursed their babies.

aries of Mongaldai. He said: But the Gospel is taking deeper root now and It was largely the women who sowed the Gospel seed; good things are more evenly shared. While a it was the women who gathered the harvest. They cast father wrote us a few days ago saying that he away their characteristic testimony and their former fear w:as planning to take his daughter out of school of strangers. Binding their babies on their backs, they after this year, as he did not propose to spend any went in groups to near and far villages, while the women more money educating girls, such an attitude is who could not accompany them remained in the village more typical of the old days than of the present. church praying for the success of those who went. None Many of our Christians now seem quite as interof these messengers could read, but they had memorized ested in educating their daughters as in educating a hymn or two, and they could speak of their new-found strength, joy, and peace. Sometimes they were ridiculed; occasionally they were threatened with beating, which the their sons. This may be due in part to the new women invited by presenting the side of their face and realization of the economical asset of an educated saying "Hit! Hit! It would be sweet to bear a blow for daughter, or it may be due more to the realization Jesus!"

Do you wonder that the Mongaldai Church, that an educated Christian girl can make a large after fifteen years, now numbers over 5,600 bap- contribution to the Christian community.

tized believers? There are still but few women in I do not know what proportion of the 5,000,000 this community who can read their Bibles or their members of the Church of Christ in India are hymnals, but they are greedy for teaching. What women, but I do know that many of the teachers they have received of the Bible has greatly trans- and lady doctors and most of the nurses serving formed their outward appearance as well as their this great nation are drawn from this group of inner attitudes.. The splendid advantage to which Christian women.

they have used the little they have been given is As a nation India is alive to the political power an indication of the potential leadership in this of its womanhood. ~s a church we must be alive group, which training would develop. to the spiritual might of the women of the Indian In our districts in the lower valley the women Church and to the urgency of need of winning the of the Church are the generous givers. They do rest of India's womanhood for Christ.

Ways of

'fested Methods for Increasing Interest at Home EDITED BY MRS. ESTELLA S. AITCHISON, GRANVILLE, OHIO INTRODUCING MADAME as I know, I am unique in that your utmost for the extension of field. the Kingdom of God to the utter- MISSIONARY REVIEW most parts of the earth. I am a News Publication, and In view of the paramount im- I give you in a nutshell an ac- I am a giant Bulletin Board portance of the cause involved, count of the big things that are whereon the Women's Home and current retrenchment may well happening on mission fields at Foreign Mission Societies post begin with something less vital home and abroad. the reports of events of greatest than the missionary magazines. import in their special work. Cut out everything in daily diet I am a Book Review. I prebut the food essentials before sent well-written digests of lead- In my Effective Ways of you sacrifice the monthly visits ing books bearing upon the Working, I am a compendium of of THE REVIEW. If you would theme which is my very life. Any the best methods for increasing hearten the church folk to make volumes found in Our Mission- interest in the missionary entheir utmost endeavor to maintain the missionary cause, unim- I deavor 'of the home church. I paired by the economic condi- speak only of outstanding plans tions, get THE REVIEW into new ~'::'~;:Jl:~ tried and proved good in the exhomes as soon as possible. You perience of successful people of can if you convince them of its f—- all Christian denominations the importance and value. One can 11-=—- world over. If you would make hardly conceive of any Christian Ir-~-~ the very best of your church perreading the inspiring articles of sonnel, from pastor to Sunday a single issue and turning to say, ~-==- ~ -=-::: –:– School kindergarten workers, "But I don't take much stock in listen to my counsel and try out missions !" To obtain new sub- —- =– – – ll~:::-~ for yourself what fits your needs scribers, try the following: — — and conditions. -~ A forceful speaker, attired in Now I want to know you all a costume something like the il- ary Bookshelf will be forwarded better. Will you not invite me lustration, is introduced by the to you promptly upon receipt of to call in your homes once a program leader and proceeds their price. I attend to that per- month and show you how to do with her talk, touching the dec- sonally. the most efficient team work orations on her dress as she de- with Jesus Christ in winning scribes the corresponding de- I am the composite voice of the world for the reign of love? partments or features. some of the world's greatest My traveling expenses are only missionary writers and states- $2.50 for a year's regular month- Leader: This is Madame Re- men who contribute articles on ly visits, or 25 cents for a single view, the embodiment of that the dominant themes of the day. call. How many of you are ready peerless publication, THE MIS- to invite me? I assure you I SIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD. I am a spyglass through can pay my way, in the coin of We have asked her to speak to which you can obtain a World- service. Have I any old friends you frankly of her peTsonality, wide Outlook. Through me you her hopes and her aspirations, may see the near and the far in the audience who can vouch for she is a great personage and events of the missionary cam- for my worth? there is no one like her in all the paign, catching inspiration to do world. (Omit this last query if no subscribers to THE REVIEW are Madame REVIEW: Friends, I in the audience; but should there am fifty-four years old-though be any present, let them rise and I know that I look like a debut- give brief testimony to the value ante. In all those years I have of the publication. In any event, been faithfully giving an interdenominational review of world- immediate efforts should be wide Christian progress. So far made to secure new subscribers, or have at least a single sub- scription in the name of the chairman of the program com- [233]

mittee, or place the magazine in grams on "The Challenge of Mrs. Fred A. Little, of Calthe nearest public library. Don't Change," in the January issue, vary Church, Anaheim, Califorwait for the mood of the audi- in the Garden Series soon to fol- nia, says: "I arrange a poster ence to spend itself.) low this, and in subsequent out- to meet the program situation [Acknowledgment of suggestion for illustra- lines. A dominant purpose is and calculated to force the tive cut, to Mrs. Jessie H. Burr, in Missions Magazine.] necessary to produce a dynamic truths home, as well as to fur- poster. nish a decoration for our church PUBLICITY THROUGH parlor. First I purchased plas- POSTERS Mrs. Dorothy Crockett, in her ter board of the required size Star in the East, tells of "Ac- What about having an attrac- quaintance Posters and Map when trimmed, and framed' it tive poster to advertise mission- Work" for the purpose of im- securely, giving it two coats of ary events? Visualization to in- pressing field and station facts. flat white pajnt. This is used terpret verbalization has estab- "The ability to connect names of on an easel as permanent suplished its worth beyond the need missionaries with the correct port for posters. For my poster for argument. One must be stations and to think of the right backgrounds I use the reverse painstaking and imaginative, buildings when a station is side of white wall paper-two but not necessarily an artist to named, to know: of an unusual lengths and lapped over in the be a successful poster maker. work connected with a certain center. On this I develop my Often a person not gifted as a place-these are quite lacking picture. For instance, a candle speaker or executive may here with most of us." Mrs. Crock- stick as a symbol of service was ett describes field posters whose developed in beautiful colors, find opportunity for service. The materials are not elab- production is assigned to groups the candle portion, including orate or expensive. These may of women and girls in the or- bright flame, being shaped and include colored crayons, inex- ganization. Draw a dim outline pasted in. A lighted candle was pensive water color paints, li- of a country on a cardboard placed at the side of the poster." brary paste, colored papers and sheet two by three feet in size, Our readers will do well to ordinary cardboard, carbon pa- and on this paste pictures from save the following description of Mrs. Little's poster for a New per for tracing, inks of several your missionary magazines. Year's meeting, and try it when tints, lettering pens for shading, On the map of Africa, for in- the appropriate date arrives. marking pencils (including a stance, may be grouped illustra- The title was "Chimes of a New white one to use with dark pa- tions of the sort of work done Year." First may come a New per), a carpenter's pencil with there, or printed matter con- Year's greeting and the unveilits broad graphite to use in vari- cerning this work, with the il- ing of the bells, the latter being ous widths, or notched to make lustrations around the edge as a the poster of the day, which furletters of two or three lines; border. Inscribe neatly at the nishes the suggestions for the samples of wall papers; cutouts bottom a selection of pithy facts. coming year. from fashion magazines, seed catalogues and illustrations On another chart containing Lifting up one loose belI on from advertising pages; various the outline map-say of Japan- the poster sheet, the leader finds Dennison devices; other items place and name the mission sta- underneath, "To hear as little as may be added as need develops. tions, from each of which a possible to the prejudice of A printing outfit with block let- string radiates to a point where others." ters (often to be found among red-bordered labels fasten down children's toys), is useful but all the ends. "At a point out- Under the second she reads, not necessary. Many prefer to side the map previously plotted, "To believe no ill of anyone unc~t out large letters from maga- less absolutely forced to do so." zmes and handbills, pasting fasten the ends of the strings them carefully on the poster to to the board, each being held in Under other bells are, form the text. Your wall paper place by a gummed label which "Always exemplify Christian dealer will give you old sample bears the name of a missionary love" ; books which have a wealth of or missionary family. These labels will appear best arranged "Radiate good will and sun- in a column. . . . Paste a pic- shine" ; "When I am inclined to criti- 4langdascrdapeens,orfloflworearls, leaves, etc. ture of your church in the cen- cize the faults of others, I will catalogue is ter of a chart, draw about it take a good look in the mirror SImply a treasure trove. A lit- ever-widening circles represent- and ask myself, 'What manner tle system in labeling and classi- ing the fields of work for which of person am I'?" fying these materials will great- your church is responsible. In Any other locally or univerly expedite their use. . the ring labeled Home Missions, sally applicable texts may be re- How to Begin paste small pictures of mission- vealed in the ringing of these aries at work in your denomina- chimes, each one being made the Always evolve the poster from tional home fields, while in that topic for a one-minute talk if dethe theme. Note the close rela- labeled Foreign Missionaries, sired. tionship between subject matter assemble pictures of your work- "Christian Americanization and picturization in the pro- ers abroad." Chimes" may appear under the

EFFECTIVE WAYS OF WORKING

last bell as the theme for the facts for each poster. You may large visiting card bore a green cross in the upper left hand corner, and talk of the service. be sure twice the attention was across it was written: "High Lights in Our Mission- paid to the living groups that "Mrs. A is requested to view with ary Work in the Past Year" is would have been accorded the us the Battalion of Life as It Marches suggested as another topic for pictures; and the participants on Its Crusade of Compassion. Seat discussion. No. 63 is reserved on the reviewing had indelibly impressed upon Thus the whole program, in them the factual things for stand." The December card bore a Christaddition to the initial inspira- which they stood. mas seal (a lighted taper) and the tion, may be developed through words, "Our dear friend, Mrs. B, may the "chimes." "Moving mottoes" furnish an- keep Christmas with the women of other feature-a procession of many lands by sending the light to Animated Posters boys moving slowly across the their darkened homes." platform bearing aloft card- These are even more dynamic board banners inscribed with The January card bore a tiny calthan the pictures. Mrs. Crock- striking missionary sentiments, endar for the month, the date of the ett suggests that at an evening's each boy stopping in the middle meeting being marked in red. The social gathering, attractive per- of the platform to speak very written suggestion was that Mrs. C sons wear posters replete with plainly his own motto, then all might make a New Year's resolution facts, after the style of the ad- the banner-bearers line up fac- to attend the meeting on that date. vertising "s and w i c h man." ing the front in a most forceful Needless to say the facts will re- silent address. These plans, and Another card bore a picture of a ceive more marked attention. others which will suggest them- baby's face and the urgent invitation selves, will not only liven up the for its recipient to bring her daugh- As a variation of her original presentation of missionary pro- ter, granddaughter or niece to the plan, Mrs. Crockett considers grams and increase the attend- party which had been arranged for having women dressed in white ance but will deepen the impres- the Little Light Bearers. wear outline maps of mission A sheaf of wheat painted in the upper left hand corner was the in- signia for an invitation to a Harvest Home Rally in the autumn.

fields in some jaunty way-Ja- sions produced and tend to link An offering box on another card inpan, for instance, being "airily formed the recipient that such and slung from the left shoulder," them up with life. the Philippine Islands suspend- Advertising Through Invitations such a date had been set apart to ed in several sections, etc.; four "Count Your Blessings" (Thank-of- fering meeting).

or five outstanding facts about Happily, the pulpit or calen- MAKING A PARISH each such country being plainly dar announcement of "the usual MISSIONARY-MINDED inscribed on its map. Conscious- missionary meeting" is becomly or unconsciously, guests will ing obsolete. A curiosity-tickling By the REV. G. D. BUSCH forecast of an attractive pro- Pastor of read over the facts as their gram will usually bring the aubearers mingle with the com- dience-providing they have not Grace Lutheran Church pany all evening. Before the been deceived in the past as to Toledo, Ohio gathering disperses, guests are the worthfulness of the goods asked to jot down all the data advertised. The Woman's Mis- [In writing up methods we are they can recall, even the poster sionary Friend, a Methodist inclined to strive for something folk laying aside their adorn- monthly, says: extraordinary and often, alas! ment and writing what they not realizable under average con- A notice to all and sundry may be ditions. The unique value of this have noted upon others. This overlooked, but an invitation is an- contribution by a man who has review might well serve as a other story. It is delivered by mail or evidenced his own qualifications wind-up after a School of Mis- in person to the individual and indi- by serving as a valued member sions. cates that she is expected at the meet- of the Committee on Religious ing. Education in the United Lu- Miss Mary C. Wiley, of Win- theran Synod of Ohio, as dean There were five women striving to of the School of Religious Eduston-Salem, N. C., had an an- increase the attendance of the mis- cation at Lakeside School of Misnual display of "animated pos- sionary meetings. Each was responters" in a Presbyterian church.

Using as patterns certain pic- sible for 25 of the 130 members en- sions, as dean of the Toledo Luture-posters sent out annually rolled. One of the five, availing her- theran Training Sunday School by the Southern Presbyterian self of the opportunity for leadership, Church, a local committee sub- Institute, as well as editor of consented to plan the form of invita- The Toledo Lutheran, is that it tion, make four copies of it-one for stituted real people for the pic- each member of the c.ommittee-who, illustrates the foundation work ture-folk intended to be hung on in turn, should prepare from it the the wall. Every detail of cos- a consecrated, systematic and tume and posture from the mod- number assigned to her. Five days tactful minister can accomplish previous to the meeting all invita- under very adverse conditions.] els was painstakingly worked tions were to be delivered. On that out, the groups thus evolved being used as tableaux while a day the members of the committee, Through a number of circumreader standing at one side gave wherever they might be, united in' stances, a desire on my part to very distinctly the title and praying at the noon hour for God's serve as a foreign missionary blessing on their effort. was not fulfilled and I accepted a call to a parish of 600 souls in The resulting invitations we r e unique and effective. For October a

one of the thriving industrial project of home mission activi- gram proved the most difficult.

cities of the Middle West. The ties, namely, the raising of funds We are just undertaking a pro- combination of Teutonic ances- to purchase and hold land for gram of study and support. But try and membership in a church future expansion. But in the the men have rendered one out- noted for its conservativeness, fall another special season of standing service. Great difficulty backed by a history of twenty- missionary education presented had been experienced in raising five years of parish existence, itself, known in our church as the total church budget, espe- made me realize very early that "inner missions," more widely cially in getting an idea of the a program, not publicly stated, known as social service–the ob- weekly income to be expected.

was necessary to bring about a ligation of Christians to care for Just prior to the beginning of ministry that might earn the their less fortunate brethren. my pastorate, the missionary- Saviour's approval. During these past two years of minded financial secretary ef- The initial problem was that severe distress, this part of any fected a change in the manner of "what to preach." This point well-rounded missionary pro- of presentation. The greatest of attack offered the least oppo- gram has proved one of the best stress was placed upon the be- sition and required the least re- worth while. nevolence budget – "for others" adjustment in the life of the -which included not only miscongregation. Their very tradi- With the preaching program sionary but also educational and tions helped me. Accustomed as out of the way, the next problem merciful work in which the conthey were to a regular routine to study was that of the efforts gregation was interested. Eduof worship known as the Church and attitudes of the organiza- cation in such simple matters as Year, in which the great festival tions within the church. I was the .amount of money given for seasons – A d v e nt, Christmas, fortunate to discover a capable foreign missions and the amount Epiphany, Lent, Easter and Pen- and missionary-minded group of for home, "how little is paid for tecost-were observed, it was a women in my woman's auxiliary, salaries and overhead," coupled comparatively simple matter to in which there was little to do with an appeal to take part in gear my missionary preaching except to show by word and ac- the world program, raised the with it. The Sundays before tion my appreciation and to be- benevolence budget almost one Christmas, known as Advent, in speak their prayers for the work thousand dollars over that of the which the Scripture lessons and of the church. previous years and also made prayers turned their hearts to- the current expense less of a ward the coming of the Christ, The program of religious edu- problem. were used by me to emphasize cation in the Church School had the striking parallel between the endeavored to include some mis- Looking back over four years, heart-hunger of the Graeco- sionary attitudes, but had not there still remain lands to be Roman world and the world to- progressed very far. Three ad- conquered. The preaching proday. The period of Epiphany, vanced steps were taken: (1) gram becomes more balanced. which always has been utilized Envelopes were provided and an The old prejudices and attitudes as a "foreign missionary interest opportunity afforded the chil- of the congregation are slowly time," gave me an extraordinary dren to contribute to the mis- dying and the missionary-mind opportunity to present Jesus as sionary cause. (2) Missionary is winning. I now dream of "the desire of all nations" and to stories and exercises were in- two great steps – one, a school turn the minds of the congrega- cluded in the worship during the meeting on a week-day night for tion to the need of spreading the Church School hour. (3) The the whole congregation in which Gospel. greatest interest-arouser was the this progr,am of missionary- assumption of definite responsi- mindedness is the center, and To handle the problem of bility for two churches and two the other, a group of individuals motivation, the season of Lent schools in our mission in India interested so much in particular proved a God-given opportunity. known as our "parish abroad." phases of the missionary pro- Traditionally it is the period of The interest was maintained by gram as to be willing to support, evangelism, with the need of ac- talks on this parish and by show- financially and otherwise. indicepting Jesus as a personal Sa- ing pictures taken at first hand. vidual projects. It is hoped that shortly we shall viour as the main theme. The have a reel or two of movies. There are, however, some unlocal conditions, however, made The financing of the Church solved problems connected with it necessary to stress the duty of School has been assumed by the the movement and one of these a Christian as a cross-bearer, so congregation and a place in the is how to efficiently follow-up this particular phase of mission- church budget was found for those who, through the camary activity received renewed religious education, thus open- paign, have signified their puremphasis. ing the way for a more intense pose to ally themselves with From Easter to the summer cultivation of the missionary Christianity and the things for season, because of local condi- spirit in the school. which it stands, and to really tions, the mind of the congrega- Due to certain local affiliations, conserve for the future the work tion is occupied with a definite the men's portion in the pro- of the movement.

~~~============~~~==~i~

Women"s Home and Foreign Bulletin ANNE SEESHOLTZ, 105 EAST TWENTY-SECOND STREET, NEW YORK; COUNCIL OF WOMEN FOR HOME MISSIONS FLORENCE G. TYLER, 419 FOURTH AVENUE, NEW YORK; FEDERATION OF WOMAN'S BOARDS OF FOREIGN MISSIONS OF NORTH AMERICA PRAYER AGAINST WAR Uy together with an increasing from the time when it was first o Lord, since first the blood sense of our common blood and presented to the Senate by Presi- destiny, that peace may come dent Harding in 1923 up to its of Abel cried to thee from the on earth at last and thy sun present status in the Senate, the ground that drank it this earth may shed its light rejoicing on follow i n g conclusions were of thine has been defiled with a holy brotherhood of peoples. reached: the blood of man shed by his brother's hand, and the centu- -Walter Rauschenbusch in As the question of the World Court ries sob with the ceaseless hor- "Prayers of the Social Awaken- has been pending in the Senate for ror of war. Ever the pride of ing." nine years, the Seventh Conference on the Cause and Cure of War believes kings and the covetousness of that further postponement of action the strong have driven peaceful SEVENTH CONFERENCE ON thereon cannot be justified. nations to slaughter. Ever the THE CAUSE AND CURE songs of the past and the pomp At this time, while the Disarma- ment Con fer e n c e is meeting in of armies have been used to in- Geneva, the psychological effect of OF WAR the United States adherence to the flame the passions of the people. By Elinor K. Purves Court would be stimulating and help- Our spirit cries out to thee in ful. Continued inaction is certain to revolt against it, and we know The Seventh Conference on be interpreted as a lack of internathat our righteous anger is an- the Cause and Cure of War was tional cooperation which will comswered by thy holy wrath. held in Washington, D. C., Jan- uary 18-21, 1932. This Confer- plicate the work of the Conference. Break thou the spell of the en- ence was composed of 650 dele- Public opinion in this country, chantments that make the na- gates from eleven women's ortions drunk with the lust of bat- ganizations, two of which are affinned by a great majority of the tle and draw them on as willing the Council of Women for Home newspapers, the American Bar Astools of death. Grant us a quiet Missions and the Federation of and steadfast mind when our Woman's Boards of Foreign sociation, the American Federation of own nation clamors for ven- Missions which together had 99 geance or aggression. Strength- delegates. Labor, the United States Chamber of en our sense of justice and re- Commerce, and a great multitude of gard for the equal worth of American citizens represented in such organizations as those composing the Conference on the Cause and Cure of War, supports the World Court wholeheartedly, and this opinion should find sympathetic reflection in senatorial action.

other peoples and races. Grant The theme for the Conference The Declaration of Opinion in to the rulers of nations faith in was "World Paradoxes" and regard to the General Disarmathe possibility of peace through the program included discus- ment Conference, after calling justice, and grant to the com- sions of the economic causes of to remembrance the obligations mon people a new and stern en- war, the Manchurian situation, of the signatories to the Verthusiasm for the cause of peace. the Polish Corridor, and the sailles Treaty in regard to dis- Bless our soldiers and sailors for new Russia as possible threats armament, the similar obligatheir swift obedience and their to the peace machinery set up to tion of the United States in its willingness to answer to the call prevent war; the strengthening separate treaty with Germany, of duty, but inspire them none- of this peace machinery, dis- the promise through Article 8 of the-less with a hatred of war, armament as a means to peace, the Covenant of the League of and may they never for love of and the part which should be Nations in regard to disarmaprivate glory or advancement played by the United States in ment, the work of the Preparaprovoke its coming. May our the movements for the peaceful tory Commission of the League young men still rejoice to die for settlement of international dis- in preparation for the General putes. Conference ctahlleedfoflolorw1i9n3g2~tcaotne­- their country with the valor of The Conference put itself on cluded with their fathers, but teach our age nobler methods of matching our record as in former years in ment: strength and more effe.ctive favor of the adherence of the Therefore, we, the delegates to the ways of giving our life for the United States to the World- Seventh Conference on the Cause and flag. Cure of War, in ·confer.ence assembled Court, and ina Declaration of at Washington, D. C., January 18-21, o thou, strong Father of all Opinion which reviewed the his- 1932, look to the American delegation nations, draw all thy great fam- tory of the World Court Treaty to the first General Disarmament Con- [237]

ference, meeting at Geneva, February DISARMAMENT PETITIONS into the offices of the Council 2, 1932, to insist upon the bold reduc- and the Federation, and when tion of every category of armament By Florence G. Tyler the date of sailing came, the indicated by the report of the Pre- church women had sent in not paratory Commission. On Saturday, February 6, the 60,000 but 140,000. About 5,000 women of the world had a spe- more signatures have been re- The following Resolution was cial part in the Disarmament ceived since then. These petialso adopted: Conference for it was on that tions were sent from the office day that the petitions signed by of the National Committee on Whereas, the Seventh Conference millions of women all over the the Cause and Cure of War with on the Cause and Cure of War, now world were presented, and those those collected by ten 0 the r in session in Washington, has noted who were watching the news- American women's organizawith interest the identic note of the 'papers read with a great thrill tions, in bundles of 12,500 sig- Secretary of State, delivered on Janu- the account of the presentation, natures, to Geneva, and there ary 8, 1932, to the governments of and of Miss Mary Dingman's they were added to the petitions Japan and China; and speech. of the women of France, Eng- land, Holland, Japan, Germany, Whereas, it has noted in particular The National Committee on etc., over 8,000,000 in all, and the declaration that the United the Cause and Cure of War set Miss Dingman made the presen- States does not "intend to recognize out to secure the signatures of any situation, treaty or agreement 1,000,000 women of the United tation speech to the Disarmawhich may be brought about by States of America to the peti- ment Conference. As Chairman means contrary to the covenants and tion to the International Dis- of the Disarmament Committee, obligations of the Pact of Paris of armament Conference being she represented the fifteen in- August 27, 1928, to which treaty both held at Geneva, which read as ternational organizations hav- China and Japan, as well as the follows: ing headquarters in Geneva United States are parties,"

Therefore, Be It Resolved, that this Conference express to the Secretary of State its appreciation of this farreaching interpretation of the Pact of Paris, so that it acquilles increased effectiveness as an instrument for en- We, the undersigned women of the with branches in fifty-six counsuring reliance upon pacific means United States, hereby petition the In- tries and a combined memberrather than upon measures of war ternational Disarmament Conference ship of 45,000,000 women. for the settlement of international to gratify the expectations and hopes disputes. of the world by putting into im- The petitions, coming from The Conference prepared the mediate and unhesitating effect the many lands, were accompanied following objectives for its pledges already made for the reduc- by delegations of women from member organizations for the tion of national armaments. those lands, and following Miss year 1932, suggesting that they Dingman's presentation speech, take some action in regard to The Allies and Associates pledged these women delegates formed them: world disarmament to their adver- in a long line and advanced one saries; the Covenant of the League by one, toward the tribune's 1. That the Disarmament Confer- of Nations promised it; great nations table where two secretaries reence take first place in the programs have solemnly agreed that interna- ceived from them their bundles on International Relations of all the tional disputes shall be settled by of signatures. The American pemember organizations so long as the peaceful methods without resort to titions were bound with red, Conference remains in session, and war; and, lastly, through the Briand- white, and blue bands, and each that resolutions and opinions in re- Kellogg Pact, war has been re- bundle of 12,500 signatures bore gard to it be registered with the De- the name of the organization partment of State and the Disarma- nounced. which collected them. Within a ment Committee of Women's Inter- Clearly, the next step is the bold few minutes the table on which national Organizations in Geneva. the packages were piled was full reduction of every variety of arma- to overflowing. The secretaries 2. That there be continued an in- ment. To do less would violate treaty began filling big baskets from sistent demand for the ratification of obligations, awaken suspicion and inthe WorId Court Protocols. cite fresh war talk. 3. That increased and sustained The assurances of peace will becooperation of the United States with come invincible when the reduction of armament for which we plead has been secured. Wars will cease when governments so resolve.

the League of Nations be advocated. An allotment of 60,000 sig- the overflow, while outside in 4. That compulsory military train- natures was made to the church women to be secured through the corridors hundreds of other ing be opposed. packages, too heavy to be car- It was also proposed that the the offices of the Council of ried, were piled high against member organizations f 0 c u s Women for Home Missions and the wall.

their attention on, and make a the Federation of Woman's Many 0 the r organizations study of, the economic roots of Boards of Foreign Missions of were represented and many international disputes, the new North America. In some of the other speeches were made. The implications of neutrality under denominations an effort was most impressive of these was the Paris Pact, the treaty mak- made to reach the "last society made by James Frederick Green ing powers of the Senate, the in the last church." Some of Kansas City, a student of recognition of the United States groups took it very seriously, Yale University speaking for of Russia, the question of the re- and some groups not so serious- the Intercollegiate Disarmament vision of the war debts, and the ly. But for weeks previous to Council of the United States, January 1 the petitions poured who said in part: American assets for peace.

WOMEN'S HOME AND FOREIGN BULETIN

Behind your deliberations stands sented the Council at the eighth the governments to the General staring down on us the spectre of quinquennial meeting of the In- Disarmament Conference. Mme. death. Other speakers have much Paradowska-Szelagowska is a at stake, but we have even more, for ternational Council of Women member of the Peace and League we are literally fighting for our lives. in Vienna in May, 1930. Miss of Nations Commission and of It is our generation who will be re- Kydd might be termed "the the Alliance of Women for Suf- quested to destroy the best of human Prime Minister" of the women's frage and Equal Citizenship. culture, perhaps civilization itself, organizations in Canada. She has taken an active part in for causes which future historians the pacifist movement in Poland. will discover were erroneous. Dr. (Madame) Pauline Luisi is one of the most prominent Dr. Mary Emma Woolley is In every club and fraternity house figures of the Feminist Move- President of the American Asin England and America, we never ment of South America, and the sociation of University Women cease to ask, "Were these 10,000,000 first woman to be sent officially and a member of the National young men who loved life as whole- to the League of Nations by a Board of the Young Women's heartedly as ourselves, victims of an South American government. illusion when they fell on the world's Mme. Luisi, who was the first Christian Associations. She battlefields, fourteen years ago?" woman of her country to obtain has been for thirty-one years a doctor's degree, has given President of Mount Holyoke We remain unconvinced as to the many years of her life to medi- College for Women and is known wisdom of our predecessors. Were- cal research and was appointed as one of the foremost women spect the noble dead, but we question head of the clinic at the Medical educators in the United States. the judgment of those who sent them Faculty of Montevideo. She Her college is outstanding for to their deaths. Organized slaughter then gave herself up entirely to dis c u ssions of international does not settle a dispute, it merely the Feminist Movement of Uru- questions and for freedom of silences an argument. guay and to the protection of thought. Dr. Woolley is also a women and children. She was member of the American Society The Disarmament Conference delegated by the Government of for Judicial Settlement of Interis still in session. The reiterat- Uruguay to the League of Na- national Disputes, the League ed request of millions upon mil- tions to represent her country at for Permanent Peace Through lions for reduction of arma- the Consultative Commission for ments cannot fail to have made the protection of children and the Churches, and the Institute an impression, but church wom- young people, and is a member of International Education. She en must continue to work and to has traveled in Japan, China pray for this cause until nations of the International Committee and Manchuria and has attendshall find a way by which they of Experts on the White Slave ed from the beginning the Panmay live together without war Traffic. Mme. Luisi is President Pacific Conferences as a memin a world where Jesus' way of of the Alliance of the Women of ber. life is known and followed by Uruguay, President of Honour all men. and founder of the Uruguay Na- On Friday, February 5, a din- tional Council of Women and of ner was given to the women NOTES FROM GENEVA the Uruguayan-Argentine Abo- delegates to the Disarmament lition Committee, and a member Conference by the Disarmament The five women delegates to of the International Alliance for Com mit tee of International the International Disarmament Suffrage and Equal Citizenship. Women's Organizations. Most Conference at Geneva are Mrs. She was also appointed a dele- of the fifteen organizations con- Corbett Ashby of Great Britain, gate of her government to the stituting the committee were Miss Winnifred Kydd of Can- Fourth International Labor Con- represented. ada, Dr. Pauline Luisi of Uru- ference and to the Congress of guay, Mme. Paradowska-Szela- Social Hygiene in Paris. The dinner was presided over gowska of Poland and Dr. Mary by Madame Ramondt-Hirsch- Emma Woolley of the United Mme. AnnaParadowska-Szela- mann of the Women's Interna- States. gowska is Vice-President of the tional League for Peace and Polish Progressive Women's As- Freedom who, before introduc- Mrs. Corbett Ashby, who took sociation, head of the Interna- ing the delegates, spoke of the a degree at Cambridge, was tional Section and member of symbolic significance of the eight formerly President of the Wom- the General Council of the Women's Liberal Party of Great Bri- en's Association for Social Serv- millions of signatures to the tain and a distinguished leader ice in Poland. She was appoint- peace petitions from men and of the Constitutional Suffragette ed Assistant Delegate in the Pol- Movement. She is President of ish Government's delegation to women all over the world and of the International Alliance of the 12th Assembly of the League the influence they might exer- Women for Suffrage and Equal of Nations and she propounded cise on the Disarmament Con- Citizenship as well as President there in the name of the Polish ference as representing the earnof the British branch of the Government a resolution con- est desire of millions of human same organization. cerning the women's participa- beings to be allowed to live nor- tion in the delegations sent by mal, peaceful lives. Miss Winnifred Kydd, M.A., McGill University, has taken an Dr. Woolley stated her imactive interest in social move- pression of solidarity among the ments. She is a former President of the National Council of women's international organiza- Women of Canada. She repre-

tions in working towards the live we shall not take up arms ficult part of the field, his own comachievement of a great end. against each other." munity.

Miss Kydd said that she had The Prince of Wales, Premier The address was concluded traveled all over Canada and had Bennett and President Hoover by the following challenge to noted with satisfaction the educational value of signing the pe- are to be invited to the dedica- faithfulness: titions, and believed that such education helped to form public tion and the Governors of all All life is an adventure, and if we opinion in all countries, and that states, Premiers of provinces are to interpret Christ today we must the cause of disarmament would and of republics. not fear the risk. Men venture every be g rea t 1y strengthened by day for possibilities only. Cannot the women's work in that respect. An International Peace Picnic Christian take the risk for Christ? will be held at the time of dedi- But risk is only one side of adventure; Mme. Paradowska-Szelagow- cation. no adventure is ever brought to a good ska emphasized the necessity for issue without its prosaic activities. moral disarmament and for an There will probably be a uni- There are pitfalls to escape, heights intensive education of youth to versal broadcast as one of the to climb, dragons to be slain, but there dispel the clouds of hate and International Radio Corpora- are long stretches of fiat, dull road fear which were still a heritage tions has requested the privilege, along which the adventurer must plod. of the great war. and arrangements are being The Christian cannot achieve his ad- made. venture in one long thrill of enthusi- Dr. Luisi also stressed the asm; he must carry it through the great value of educating youth The endowment of $5,000,000 weary miles when he can just drag in pacific aspirations and told of is being raised by popular sub- one foot after another; the last lap is the work being accomplished in scription. The first cash contri- the one that counts; he must press Uruguay, Brazil and Argentine bution from Canada was the on, not only when his enthusiasm in revising the texts of history gift of a school girl in New enables him to mount on wings like books and inculcating the ideas Brunswick, being prize money an eagle, not only when his strength of political arbitration instead is able to run and not be weary, but of war. won by her exhibits at the local most of all when the utmost he can summer fair, her own personal do is to walk and not faint. That is Mrs. Ashby pointed out that donation to the Peace Garden. the way of the adventurer who would the great task of preventing war interpret his Master to the life of belonged to men and women ADVENTURE AND COM- today, in perhaps the hardest spot on alike for the very existence of earth-his own community. the race was at stake. MUNITY WILL YOU BE ONE? A new member has been wel- Dr. Mabel Cartwright, who is comed into the Disarmament "Thy gentleness hath made Committee of Women's Inter- President of the Woman's Auxnational Organizations – Ligue iliary, Ontario Diocese, Church me great," sang the Psalmist. des Femmes Oberigues et His- of England, gave a stirring adpano-Americaines. This organ- dress at the Annual Meeting of On the Peace stamps, issued ization comprises women from the Home Missions Council and all the South American coun- Council of Women for Home by the Council of Women for tries as well as from Spain and Missions at Toronto, on the Home Missions to further the Portugal. theme, "Adventure and Com- munity." Concerning the adven- Eva C 1ark Waid A PEACE GARDEN ture of peace, she spoke as fol- Memorial Fund for W 0 rId Peace, is The United States is joining lows: "the dove of peace" with Canada in the establish- flying over the great ment of an International Peace There is the adventure of peace; wide world. The Garden to be located about peace has become the supreme adven- w hit e bird may thirty miles from the exact geo- ture of our civilization. It ought to see m ineffective graphic center of North Amer- be natural for the Christian to think against battleships and aerial ica. Manitoba and North Da- of men and women as children of our warfare, and yet it rests not kota have each given 1,500 acres Father. The adventure of love is day or night but flies on symmaking a total of 3,000 acres. greater than the adventure of hate; and if the Christian is to make the bolically over the war-cursed This Peace Garden will be adventure of peace today he must do dedicated on July 14, 1932, the it with energy and passion, with a areas. suggested words of the dedica- positive faith in the patience and It will be remembered by the tion being, "To God in His power of God. Every warrior of peace Glory, we two nations speaking is called to a warfare with ignorance many who knew Mrs. Waid that a common language, dedicate and disease, with sin and hatred, with she gave herself wholeheartedthis Garden and pledge our- lust and cruelty, a warfare in our ly to bringing peace among the selves that as long as men shall own community where there are ig- norant ones to be taught, children to nations in our day. be trained and protected, sinners to The goal of the Fund is ten be shown the way of repentance, strangers and lonely ones to be be- thousand dollars to be invested friended, the spirit of unkind, malici- and the interest used annually ous gossip to be cast out by the spirit for the Council's work of Inter- of charity. The social unit is the national Relations. The plan neighborhood, and the adventurer for includes the idea of ten thousand peace must not only pour his prayers women each using a dollar's and support into the machinery of the worth of the Peace stamps to League of Nations, but must work out establish the Eva Clark Waid goodwill towards men in that very dif- Memorial Fun d for World Peace.

INDIA-BURMA The second baptism was that Victory for the

of Haidar Ali, a Mohammedan Movement Among Higher sent by the pastor of the Jullun- The untouchables in India are Castes dur Church. He declared that now demanding permission to it is the purpose of his life to bathe in the Ganges, says the The Telugu country has been enter the theological college and Rev. C. F. Andrews. famous for its mass movement preach the Word of Life in towards Christianity among the Christ to Mohammedans. In the village of Vykom, the lowest castes. In the same area untouchables were forbidden to during the last five years there The third baptism was that of pass through a certain road, has been a notable movement to- a mother and child from a hum- which ran near the temples. wards Christianity among the ble village home. The mother Some determined to defy the rehigher castes. During this pe- had been taught by her husband striction and, with some of riod over 20,000 people from the and by a Presbyterian mission- Gandhi's followers, marched in higher caste Hindu communities ary at Kasur. procession down this road. The have j 0 i ned the Christian orthodox Brahmins came and Church, and every year over 2,- The fourth baptism was that beat them. The rebels against 000 such people continue to ac- of Khan Mohammad, his wife tradition took it without comcept Christ. and baby. plaint, but the next morning they came again, and were again A potent influence in this re- Fully realizing that baptism beaten. After several days of markable movement has been meant persecution and suffering, this procedure the Brahmins the changed life of the outcaste isolation and enmity, these peo- called the police and had the Christians. The coming into the ple still were bold to accept with marchers arrested and sent to church of such large numbers of joy the sign and seal of their prison. Hundreds more conthe higher castes is making new faith in Christ and promised to tinued to come. Finally, the demands on the leadership.· A go forth and bear witness to the Government put a cordon of new type of religious and devo- d eat h and resurrection of police across the road and Gandtionalliterature is needed, and a Christ, no matter what the op- hi's followers stood in front of better educated and equipped position might be among their the cordon, in the attitude of ministry is in demand. If this Mohammedan friends. prayer for twelve hours daily, in movement continues the stigma six-hour shifts. Mr. Andrews usually attached to Christian -Rev. Frank B. Llewellyn, said, "the orthodox Brahmins converts that they are from the Kasur, India. still occasionally beat them, but outcastes will disappear, and they gradually grew ashamed, Christian life and thought will All-India Christian Conference and the villagers loved them begin to be influenced by Indian more and more." culture which is the peculiar pos- The All-India Christian Consession of the middle class Hin- ference, an organization of In- At last, after a year and four dus of the higher castes. dian Protestant Christians, met months, the Brahmins gave in in annual session at Poona early and sent away the police. They -Po O. Philip in The Chris- in February. The conference re- said, "We cannot stand this any tian Century. affirmed its approval of the es- longer. You may pass through tablishment of a united church the road." Four Recent Baptisms for India; viewed with regret the general apathy of the Indian The s t rug g I e had been Recent baptisms of four peo- Christian community towards ple from Lyallpur, a village near the swadeshi movement for pro- watched with great interest all Lahore, are of unusual interest moting home industries and and spiritual significance. S. handicrafts; con d e m ned in over India. "Their bravery and Narindar, Singh Nibbar, after strong terms anarchy, murder he had wavered between Christi- and violence of all kinds; and their victory," said Mr. Ananity and Hinduism for seven urged the Government not to reyears, presented himself for sort to repressive measures to drews, "have opened to the unbaptism. Although he was a check civil disobedience. It was mature man of forty-seven decided to appeal to the National touchables not only that one foryears, and one of authority in Congress to discard the civil dishis home, he had to come steal- obedience movement. bidden road, but all the roads thily for fear his relatives might hear of his intentions. -Po O. Philip. that had been forbidden to them in Southern India. Untoucha- bility in India is dying."

-Alice Stone Blackwell, in The World Tomorrow.

[241]

A Christian Party megal not the case. Many non-Chris- the other section, thirty-nine have tians feel that just as sterling taken the stand. The headman of Under the special ordinances has gone off the gold standard, the village remains outside, and like promulgated by the Viceroy all Christianity in several of these many other chiefs is determined to organizations connected with countries has gone off the Christ cause trouble. The Christians of the the Indian National Congress standard. In his 'History of north section have asked that they and having sympathies with it Japanese Religion' recently pub- be allowed to go over to the other can be declared to be illegal. The lished, Dr. M. Anesaki of the side. Permission was refused, and Christian Nationalist Party of Tokio Imperial U n i v e r sit y they are told that they must not even Bombay has now come under writes: 'Many people call mod- erect a building for worship. Furthis ban. It was composed of ern civilization Christian, but it thermore, if they continue in the faith Christian. Indians of various de- is evident to every unbiased ob- they must remove themselves to a nominations, including the Ro- server that Christianity is not place far from the village and from man Catholic, who were in sym- taking the lead in civilization, their rice lands. The converts remain pathy with the Congress. To but is struggling to accommo- firm-they have decided to erect their avoid the arrest by Government date itself to it.' This is the place of worship and await the headthe committee of the party has view of educated Indians." The man's move. Weare looking forward been dissolved. Reformer adds, "Indians outside to a gratifying increase among the Christianity are reconstructing Tangkhul Christians in the near fu- Plain Speaking ture. There are more than 400 con- verts in this village of Tushen. A British officer in charge of for themselves the Christ idea." Criminal Tribes Work in Shola- – Watchman-Examiner. pur believes that the only perma- Indian Scholar's Testimony nent way of reclamation is the CHINA one that leads to Christian citi- Mr. Chunilal Mukerji, Bengali zenship. After visiting a Boys' Christian scholar and author The Commercial Press Loss Reformatory in the same dis- who accepted Christ in 1922, in trict an English judge declared an article contributed to Dnyan- The American Bible Society to those in charge, "these people odaya, says: lost valuable books and plates need what you and the Christian through the destruction of the religion can do for them." A I regard the New Testament as of- Commercial Press in Chapei, non-Christian instructor arose fering the most complete religion to Shanghai. Two members of the in a staff conference with repre- human beings: First, because it is Bible Society's native staff who sentatives from all over the based on love as shown by its un- resided in the war area were presidency and said: "The Scout wearied attemp,ts at the alleviation of also reported missing. The Comand Guide movements are good human suffering. mercial Press was the largest so far as they go, but they do not publishing plant in Asia, and go far enough. These people Secondly, it grew out of actual employed about 1,500 workers. dealings with men and women of di- It printed many of the Scripneed something more vital than verse natures which oftentimes proved tures published by the Amerimoral training. They need re- a source of unspeakable tribulation, can Bible Society in Chinese and ligion." When someone asked: as the epistles of St. Paul ceaselessly printed much other Christian lit- "But it was the Hindu religion exemplify. erature. The loss in investment for which you were pleading, was about $3,000,000. was it not?" he replied, "No, Thirdly, it meets, as such, the manthese Criminal Tribes need a ifold requirements of human life. Christianity in China way of life that will teach them to live together in love. The Fourthly, it inculcates spiritual The Christian Church has Mohammedan religion does not principles which are not so abundant- been steadily growing in China teach us that; nor does the Hin- ly found in non-Christian scriptures for a century. The fact that its du religion. I mean the Chris- and which are capable of endless di- membership is much larger than tian religion." versification. that of the Nationalist Party is in itself eloquent. What is, how- Fifthly, it is not a complacent rev- ever, of far greater moment is eling in pious speculation, but a body that it has a group of leaders of of utterances begotten of the deep whom Dr. Cheng Ching-yi, sec- travail of consecrated hearts. retary of the National Christian Council of China, is an out- Sixthly, it embodies a system of standing example-men of cour- unimpeachable ethics. age, brain, will, and sacrificial devotion. The National Chris- Seventhly, every word of this won- tian Council, on Dr. Cheng's in- derful faith is sealed with blood, for spiration, has called all the almost all the apostles died martyrs. Christian community in China in this hour of peril to their land "Oft' the Christ Standard" Four Hundred Converts not to make Christians National- ists, but to make the nation A Hindu newspaper, The In- . From the northeast area of Christian. A concrete educationdian Social Reformer, comments Manipur State, Assam, are re- al, evangelistic and social "Five on the report of the Lindsay ports of new villages having Year Plan" of action for doub- Commission on Christian Higher yielded to the claims of Chris- Education: "Throughout their tianity. A Baptist missionary, report the commissioners tacitly William Pettigrew, of Kangpokassume that Christianity is to- pi, tells of what is going on in day the same stable factor in Tushen: the countries from which mis- The village of more than 100 houses sions come as it was seventy is in two sections; the whole of one section, forty-six houses, has accepted years ago. This, of course, is Christ. Of the fifty-four houses in

OUR WORLD-WIDg OUTLOOK

ling the membership of the 46% were Christians with most hear the devil laughing, Christian community and edu- church affiliations. Religious "What can you do now?-I have cating it for the service of God work has been carried on as finished him." and man in China is being vig- usual, and has been quite· satis- -Dr. William H. Dobson, orously prosecuted, a spiritual factory, in spite of troublous Yeungkong, China. counterpart to the Soviet Five times. Fellowship Groups and Year Plan of economic advance. Bible classes were organized at Military Occupation The New Government the beginning of the term, and Owing to the large number of government troops gathered in Christian leadership appears they have been well attended. Yencheng, Honan, to fight the to be less prominent in the new The work of the Seminary is rebel army, every available government than in its prede- prospering. A new constitution building was commandeered for cessor. Nevertheless Christian- billeting the troops. The generity is more free from attacks has been worked out, definitely al and his headquarters staff octhan was formerly the case. defining the relation of the Sem- cupied the mission compound. With the exception of Kiangsi and perhaps parts of Hupeh, inary to the University. Twelve Two machine guns were on the ground with the gunners students are in attendance. En- tire enrollment in the Univer- sity is 1,988.

where communists are active, Superstition and Doctors standing by and the guard with Christians go about their work fixed bayonets. In spite of this much as usual. Christian schools In South China if a person is formidable appearance of the are going forward, though there too ill to recover he must not be entrance to the church, hundreds are losses in elementary schools, allowed to expire in a hospital of Christians passed through and one senses a more hopeful or any other strange house, or this gate as usual for services.

spirit throughout the whole his spirit will haunt his earthly This is only one of many mili- Christian movement. home. tary occupations in recent years.

Hopeful Reaction Some time ago I was called to After the evacuation the mis- see a young man in great pain. sionary returned to find his resi- A reaction from the law pro- While on the way I met a sedan dence among the other buildings hibiting religious teaching in chair with the patient sitting up- occupied. Three months later schools is apparent among the right, undergoing the bouncing the soldiers vacated, leaving a pupils. Tunghsien reports that which the stiff chairs and poles legacy of dirt and vermin which there is whole-hearted partici- make in this region. After all made the succeeding summer pation in all religious activities sorts of methods to relieve his months very trying. at Goodrich Girls' School. There obstruction, his folks were told is a "Church Members' Meet- that an operation was the only The Yencheng church suping," with an average attend- way to save his life; that he had ports its pastor and other Chrisance of fifty, and a Bible class of six chances out of ten to live. tian workers, and is trying to from eighteen to twenty mem- The father of the young man reach out into its parish of a bers. From sixty to ninety girls consented to the operation, but million souls with the Gospel. attend church every Sunday the women said "No!" The last annual conference was attended by eight hundred morning and every girl in the They took the boy home to die Christians from various parts of senior class is either a member because they were afraid if he the district and the messages or on probation. All this is ab- died away from home his spirit from the Word of God were a solutely voluntary. The girls would haunt them, seeking his means of blessing and inspirasing hymns before they go to home. tion to many hearts. Fifty out bed, as they used to do in the old With every patient brought to of many candidates examined days. the hospital the doctor must for baptism were received.

The Rev. George W. Shepherd, state that he is sure the treat- Pray for an increase during now in Ingtai, reports that every ment will cure. If not, they this year in spite of flood, brigboy and girl in the two mission take away the patient. andage, and civil strife.

schools voluntarily attends both As a result of such supersti- -Rev. Ernest J. Davis, China church school and w,orship on tion only the girl slaves, con- Inland Mission. Sunday. In addition there are cubines and a low type of men fifteen volunteer teachers who submit to serious operations or meet weekly with the missionary JAPAN-CHOSEN and the pastor for teacher train- treatments. None of them go The Grievance Against Shanghai until they have tried the whole ing. University of Shanghai gamut-superstitious practices, Shanghai is the source of native quackery and old wives' much trouble for Japan, for it is potions. the headquarters of the efficient In 1930, 43% of the students By the time the patient lands organized boycott on Japanese in the University of Shanghai in the hospital he is a physical exports into China. It is also were Christians. In 1931, about and financial wreck-one can al- the headquarters of a Korean

"provisional government" which Selling Girls Since a large number of the has kept the movement for inde- The depression, according to theological students belong to pendence alive in Korea. Shang- the New York Times, has this church, they are trained in hai is also the source of consid- brought back to two villages in Sunday School and church work. erable communist propaganda the Yamagata Prefecture the which finds its way into Japan. practice of selling young girls. There are 12 elders, all of It is a center of industrial un- Out of 469 girls in West Kokuni them Japanese, three of whom rest, and from its shops have between the ages of fifteen and are women. There are 16 deagone tons of anti-Japanese prop- twenty-five, 110, in r e c e n t cons, five of whom are women. aganda. months, have been sold to the The Sunday School has an av- keepers of licensed brothels and erage attendance of 170. There Japan w ish e s to control more than 100 have been placed are 35 teachers and officers in Shanghai and the lower Yangtze as waitresses in cafes of tea its three departments. Then because of the economic poten- houses of ill repute in neighbor- there is a Ladies' Aid Society of tialities of its hinterland. Japan ing towns. The prices paid about 100 members; a .Men's formerly shared in the operation range from $150 to $400, but a Bible Class which meets once of huge smelters near Hankow, commission is deducted for brok- every week for study; a C. E. but these and her forty-two erage. This recurrence of a Society for college boys, and a great textile mills have suffered practice largely obsolete led to Junior Society for high school greatly from industrial unrest. inquiries by prefectural authori- students; two Lydia Societies The occupation of Shanghai and ties and the agricultural depart- for girls of Junior and Senior the lower Yangtze might lessen ment of the Imperial University. age; and a Y. M. C. A. for stuthese hostilities and permit Ja- It seems 85 per cent of the land dents of the Sendai Imperial pan to continue the exploitation of that county is covered by gov- University. of those invaluable minerals ernment forests in which the while trade, relieved of the peasants have no rights. The -Dr. Elmer H. Zaugg. weight of the boycott, expands. amount of arable land is not great enough to support the Increase of Religious Sects -The Christian Century. people, and some years ago the district purchased from the gov- The phenomenal development The Influence of Christianity ernment some of the waste of various religious cults among woodland. This cost half a mil- the Japanese proves their desire No amount of sophistry will lion dollars of which West Ko- for assurance of spiritual realihide the fact that it is the Chris- kuni, with a population of about ties in a world of stress and tian workers and Christian 4,700, had to undertake $7,500. strain. The "Human Way" cult, civilization that have lifted Taxation has risen and the vil- though less than five years old, Japan above the darkness of old lage is now in arrears more than is said to have 200,000 adherideas and backward customs, $15,000. Salaries are unpaid ents, among whom are educaand put her on the path of prog- and this year, to add to the dis- tors, government officials and ress and higher culture. tress, crops failed. military leaders. It is signifi- cant that few of these sects offer Let us ask who it was that A Live College Church any material or economic adtaught us in this struggle for vantages, though some promise uplifting ourselves! The answer healings of bodily infirmities to is perfectly simple. The Chris- the most faithful.

tians and Christian ideas of love, When the North Japan Chris- National Presbyterian Ohurch humanity, justice, and proprie- tian College in Sendai grew larg- of Korea ty, therefore Christianity. J ap- er we came to feel the need for The National Presbyterian a n e s e Christians professing a religious organization within Church of Korea has been ortheir belief in the Bible and go- the school that would exert a ganized eighteen years. It is a ing to churches may not be large, thoroughly self-respecting, indebut the Japanese men and wom- direct Christian influence upon pendent Church; has adopted and revised its own standards; en who think as good Christians the students and that would and incidentally has developed a do without knowing it, and are provide facilities for training group of constitutional lawyers propagating and acting up to fully able to hold their own with the students to do Christian the sargons of Presbyterianism, Christian ideas are innumerable. work after they left the school. whether in Scotland or the In fact, it may be said without So about eight years ago the United States. It faces its reexaggeration that if Christian- sponsibilities unafraid; ordains ity as a religion be making but school church was organized its workers, conducts its mission slow progress in Japan, the work at home and abroad; han- Christian ideas may be said to with 93 charter members and have already conquered the . each year the number has incountry. creased by about 100, so that now there are about 758 mem- bers. From the standpoint of numbers it is one of the largest -Japan Times. churches in this part of Japan. dles its finances; encourages its

OUR WORLD-vYIDE OUTLOOK

woman's work; administers dis- ISLANDS OF THE SEA gard it as a sacred trust. Aloha from cipline; guards its prerogatives the Hawaiian Islands and a merry carefully; at the same time it co- Aloha Na Makamaka Hawaii Christmas to the American Board! operates most cordially and fraternally with the missions labor- Across nearly six thousand The Independent Church ing side by side with it for the miles-from Boston to Honolulu accomplishment of the big task -the first radio-telephonic mes- The Aglipayan Church of the of evangelizing the 20,000,000 of sage was sent Wednesday eve- Philippines is a combination of Korea's population. Only one- ning, December 23, 1931, from about 10 per cent high church fortieth of the people are as yet New England to Hawaii, and a Episcopalianism, about 85 per Christian. brief conversation carried on cent of the kind of nationalism between the American Board represented in America by the A Marvel of Modern History and the Hawaiian Evangelical D. A. R., the old guard Republi- Association, and 111 churches cans and the American Legion, In a period of forty years a of six nationalities in Hawaii. and about five per cent of the thousand Christian churches worship of science. have been established in Korea. Dr. Leavitt delivered the first The growth of the Christian formal radio-telephonic message Doctrinally, the Aglipayan or communities, the early natural- between New England and Independent Church has evolved iuition of Christianity in the Honolulu. He said in part: to the place where it is as far Korean environment, and the from Rome in belief as the far-reaching influence of the re- On this historic occasion the Amer- Philippines is removed from ligion on the thought and life of ican Board of Commissioners for For- Rome in distance, the Catholic the people, have been remark- eign .Missions greets again the Ha- Dictionary to the contrary not- waiian Evangelical Association in the withstanding. Bishop Aglipay able, and the present day Ko- fellowship of a great and common in various statements has speci- purpose. fically repudiated the Catholic rean is awakening under the in- doctrines of the supremacy of For 112 years strong ties have the pope, transsubstantiation, fluence of Western culture. One bound the best that is in America to the adoration of Mary, the celi- the best that is in the Hawaiian bacy of the priesthood, the has only to walk through the Islands, ever since that famous band priest's power to forgive sins, of missionaries embarked on the brig ecclesiastical indulgences, and streets of certain cities on any Thaddeus for the Sandwich Islands in purgatory. On the other hand 1819. his movement is equally fa; Sunday and notice the number f.rom Protestantism. Every Ag- The first act of communication re- hpayan church has its images of closed business shops to un- quired 159 days to complete. Today and every priest wears robes derstand something of the great Boston speaks to Honolulu not only much like those of the Catholic lip to lip, in an instant of time and Church. Although Aglipay was impact that Christianity has annihilating space, but in a deeper friendly with Protestant groups, sense, from soul to soul. there has been a gradual withmade on this land. Christian drawal until now there is little progress in Korea is partly indi- The reply from Honolulu was or no contact. This is largely heard through seven sets of ear due to the strange mixture of cated by the following statistics phones distributed among those ultra-moderJ.ljstism in theology, taken from "The Korean Mis- present. The Hawaiian friends ultra-CatholIc practices, and ul- were assembled in the Throne t r a-nationalistic preachments sion Year Book" for 1928: Room of the Capitol building in which the Independent Church Honolulu. Mr. Arthur Alexan- presents. Total missionaries. . . . . . . . . . 491 der, vice-president of the Ha- waiian Board, said: -The Christian Century. Churches or groups.. . . . . . . . 4,147 Friends .of the American Board: ANew Mission Boat Communicants or full mem- The change that has taken place since the first missionaries arrived in Mrs. Henry W. Peabody is rebers .'……………… . 111,134 March, 1820, is almost incredible. joicing that God has provided Today we are conversing directly with means for the purchase of the Catechumens or probationers 64,697 you in Boston. In 1820 it took over Fukuin Maru. The Association a year to get even a simple question of Baptists for Evangelism in Baptized children ……… . 22,039 answered. We cannot realize the iso- the Orient will operate the boat lation of the early missionaries to in a group of the Philippine Is- Other adherents ………. . 58,318 Hawaii and the hardships that they lands which are now without suffered. In less than f.orty years missionaries. Mrs. Peabody's Sunday Schools, adult and they had made of them a Christian own enthusiastic words written nation. from Orlando, Florida, are: primary …………… . 4,763 They did more than christianize Our prayers are answered and the Sunday School scholars …. . 220,335 Hawaii. They helped the Hawaiian check for the purchase of the Fukuin Government to maintain its inde- Teachers in Sunday Schools. 14,370 pendence. They founded the present school system, and paved the way for Bible Classes (four days or the racial harmony and c.ooperation that is one of the features of our life longer ……………… 3,285 today.

Bible Class attendance, men. 49,218 In 1863 y.our board withdrew its support and transferred the local Bib 1e CIa s s attendance, work to the Hawaiian board. We re- women .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60,667 Korean contributions, 1927, yen ………………… 1,245,757 Korean contributions, 1925, yen ………………… 1,147,149 The average gain in number of communicants was an average of 24 per cent, while the average gain in giving was 250 per cent.

–Dnyanodaya.

Maru is in my hands. The cost of training in Sunday schools or meet the increasing needs conmaintenance will be kept down to the otherwise. It is clearly evident fronting it. In addition to all very lowest figure. We can save much that one of the most effective its regular work, it is now act- ways to combat the crime prob- ing as a central agency for the by having our students serve as crew. They will have plenty of time f.or evangelistic work while the ship is in lem in Chicago and other cities relief of the unemployed people port. The zone where the boat will operate is not in the typhoon zone. is to plant the church firmly in of our church. The society is The captain feels perfectly safe in every community with an ag- doing this work most wisely, eftaking his family with him for six fectively and sympathetically." gressive missionary program. The society has increased its months of the year, and his wife is -The Churchman.

such a finely equipped Bible teacher Mohammedan Activities original budget through the centhat she can be a whole faculty if tury from $1,000 to $375,000, needed – especially as the boys will Many Moslems live in New have had some training in the Bible York and vicinity. Most of these and this winter finds its re- School in Manila. come from Syria, Palestine, Tur- sources taxed to the breaking key, Persia, North Africa, Iraq, point with the ceaseless appeals NORTH AMERICA from destitute families.

League of Evangelical Students Arabia and India, and little is The Need for Volunteers being done to bring them into About six years ago the Na- living contact with Christ. Last The missionary enterprise has tional Young Men's Christian year a Christian Armenian, Esa a living challenge to Christian Association organized an inter- Kazazian, from Baghdad, began students of the present generaseminary conference. Some dele- to do work among them, distrib- tion, as was clearly shown at gates desired a doctrinal basis, uting Christian literature and the Buffalo Student Volunteer and, failing to secure it, organ- seeking to win them to Christ. Convention. The opportunity for ized, at Pittsburgh, an inter- Mr. Kazazian was backed in this missionary service is reported by seminary and inter-collegiate work by the American Bible a large number of the mission body with the following article Society, the American Tract So- boards. This reveals a significant in its constitution: ciety, and the American Chris- and urgent need. Nearly 600 Qualifications for membership in the tian Literature 'Society for Mos- openings are definitely financed, lems. Most of these Moslems and 250 other calls, are provileague shall be faith in the Bible as work in factories, and, as Mr. sional on special funds. For the infallible Word of God, and acceptance of the fundamental truths of the Christian religion, such as: The Kazazian says, "are astonished evangelistic work there is urgent Trinity, the virgin birth of Christ, need for 229 ordained men and to learn that some one in Amer- 133 trained women. The edu- His divine and His human nature, His ica cares for their souls." cational field requires 67 men substitutionary atonement, His resurrection from the dead, and His com- A colporteur observed that Mohammedans have lately been and 176 women with adequate ing again.

The League of Evangelical working among Negroes in the preparation and personal quali- Students has gone on success- Pittsburgh region. The Mohamfully and now is planning to es- medan argument is: "Christians fications. Hospital work and tablish in every institution of brought you here as slaves and pioneer medical service calls higher education in North Amer- have oppressed you. We Mo- for the consecrated skill of 67 ica a group devoted to the pro- hammedans are all brothers. The men physicians, 44 women phymotion of spiritual life, and to Bible says Jesus was buried in the propagation of New Testa- Palestine; but here we have a sicians, and 98 nurses. Other ment Christianity. picture of his tomb in India." specialized tasks demand trained agriculturists, carpenters, treas- Chicago a Mission Field There is a definite need for mis- urers, an experienced librarian sionary work to fortify Negroes and a college president.

The need is for intelligent and Chicago offers one of the and others with the Scriptures. earnest Christian youth moved by the spirit of Christ and posigreatest missionary fields in the world, the Ven. Frederick G. Protestant Episcopal Mission tive faith and conviction-and Centenary with adequate preparation. Deis, Archdeacon of Metropoli- tan Chicago, declared. He esti- The 100th anniversary of the Jews Turning to Jesus mated that 25,000 Episcopalians Protestant Episcopal City Misare "lost" to the church in Chi- sion Society of New York City In an Orthodox synagogue of cago at the present time through was celebrated in January at Brooklyn not long ago, during lack of a sufficient missionary special services at the Cathedral certain days of repentance and program and machinery for of St. John the Divine. Bishop prayer, Jews were seen lying on keeping in touch with a shifting Manning, president of the or- their faces crying to God for metropolitan population. ganization, paid the following protection upon them and their Statistics show that the aver- tribute to its growth and useful- persecuted brethren, especially age age of gangsters range from ness: in Russia. One elderly Jew liftseventeen. to twenty-two years. "The society has stretched its ed up his hands towards heaven, Statistics also prove that few of facilities to meet each new op- and in an agony of soul cried our gangsters ever had any portunity and has striven to out: "Oh that Thou wouldest

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

rend the heavens, that Thou wegian Lutheran Church and an ancient horn to call his people wouldest come down. Lord, send the Augustana S y nod. The together for worship. our Messiah, and should the Council held its second annual Jesus of the gentiles be the one, meeting in Chicago on Janu- Last spring the mission cared grant us a sign that we may be ary 26. for the natives in Kokrinnes sure and forgive our guilt Village during the epidemic of toward Him." A changed atti- Interracial Cooperation in influenza. The ninety-four miles tude toward Jesus Christ is in Tennessee between the two villages was evidence, and though inadequate covered by dog-teams spaced in yet shows that contempt is giv- It is encouraging to note the relays to make a continuous ing way to recognition. In a improvement in interracial rela- journey. Baltimore publication, The Med- tions in the southern states. The iator, was an account of a me- activities reported by James D. -The Churchman. morial service for Jesus, which Burton, Secretary of the Interopened with a reading of the racial Commission of Tennessee: LATIN AMERICA Sermon on the Mount. is cheering. Many conferences have been held in the past year Will Mexico be Dry? The Rabbi's sermon consisted and city and county leaders have of six reasons why Jews should been enlisted in the w 0 r k Temperance is making headregard Jesus as a great teacher: throughout the state. Close con- way in Mexico and steps are be- tact is maintained with state ing taken to make the nation (1) Because He lived as a Jew, departments of health, educa- dry. The movement is sponmingled with Jews, and observed their tion and various institutions sored not only by church organfestivals. (2) He died as a Jewish looking to the improvement of izations and women's societies, patriot, for principles and convictions. community life in race relations. but is also promoted by the Gov- (3) His religion was the religion of Better accommodations for col- ernment. In 1929 President Gil the synagogue. He taught the father- ored people have been provided initiated an anti-alcohol camhood of God and the brotherhood of in some localities, an anti-lynch- paign, and began propaganda in man. (4) Jesus was a Jew in His ing bill has been endorsed by schools and other Government criticism of the Jews of His day. (5) white leaders, more adequate organizations; he ordered tem- Jesus was a Jew in that He influenced police protection in Negro com- perance programs regardless of the Jewish race by His personality. munities; better economic and the personal opinion of the In other words, because Jesus was a educational conditions h a v e teachers. Though the present kinsman of the Jews they became of been promoted and morals have administration does not push the world importance. (6) Jesus was a been improved. There is great campaign as did Mr. Gil, the Jew in His influence on the history of need for better state institutions movement has a momentum that humanity. He introduced the ideas of for juvenile delinquents, the will not stop. A recent law Judea into the whole universe. feeble-minded, the sick and the closes saloons from Saturday helpless. Adequate protection, night till Monday morning. Hav- Lutheran Home Mission Council justice and opportunity should ing the saloons closed this one be given to all. day, the biggest spending day of This Council for North Amer- the week, has made a great imica was organized in 1930 to Alaskan News pre s s ion in Zitacuaro. The give encouragement and infor- prison keeper complained that mation in home mission work The United States Govern- he did not get enough men in jail and method; to study and sur- ment is using the old army post on Sunday to work the roads vey home mission fields; to adopt buildings at Fort Gibbon, Alas- during the week. Since Sunday principles according to which ka, as h 0 s pit a 1, orphanage, is the biggest market day, and home mission fields may be oc- school for the blind, etc., for the families come to town from cupied and worked without du- natives. Rowe Hall, which cares miles away, the enforcement of plication of effort and expense for the children, has more than this law is a genuine blessing. and without unfriendly compe- proved its worth, but it must be tition. To carry out this latter closed owing to lack of funds. Disturbance in Central America purpose, it is suggested that Deaconess Bedell of the Episcolocal Home Mission Councils be pal Church hopes to open it as The Central American States formed in all large Lutheran soon as she returns from her are still centers of earthquakes centers where there is a major- furlough. and of political upheavals. San ity of cooperating bodies. Such Salvador has had a recent shorta council has already been or- Henry Moses, mISSIOn lay lived rebellion· and in February ganized in metropolitan New reader and interpreter at the disturbances in San Jose, Costa York and has demonstrated the Protestant Episcopal Mission of Rica, caused the United States feasibility of this procedure. Our Saviour at Tanana is hord- Legation to be abandoned when Bodies cooperating in the na- ing services in the cabins of the the barracks across the street tional organization are the Unit- natives. Blind Paul, for thirty- were being bombarded. A rebeled Lutheran Church, American five years conducted them, using lious movement was led by Man- Lutheran Church, the Lutheran uel Castro Quesada, defeated Free Church, United Danish candidate for president. All Church, Danish Evangelical Lutheran Church of America, Nor-

streets were deserted and busi- been brought into the church. being fought for the right to be ness paralyzed. Costa Rica is a Little settlements and groups Protestants without detriment small mission field occupied by are holding their own services to their citizenship rights.

the Methodist Episcopal Church, in the absence of the missionary, Evangelical Christians are not the Anglicans and the Central and are looking forward eager- to be looked upon as the pro- American Mission. ly to his return visit. teges of foreigners and a for- Brazil Calls Loudly With Iquitos, Peru, as head- eign religion, but as one hundred quarters, missionaries of the In- per cent Peruvians with some- Brazil needs more mission- land South American Union thing in quality which the ordiaries, especially in the Amazon itinerate up and down the hun- nary Peruvian does not possess. valley and the central tablelands. dreds and thousands of miles of The Evangelical church seeks "The vast hinterland, now waterways, a work which has the regeneration of the individshrinking in size because of the only begun to bring results. This ual and aims to convert the comnew motor roads, demands an region has been and is still one munity to tolerance if not to active missionary campaign," of the "uttermost parts," and faith." says Dr. Erasmo Braga, out- with Tibet form the last two – World Dominion. standing Brazilian leader. There regions closed to the Gospel. EUROPE are twenty-three Protestant Protestant Rights in Peru Methodist Union in Britain missionary societies, with about five hundred missionaries, in- The Rev. John Ritchie of Peru A few years ago there were cluding wives, at work in about writes that the maximum of self- five Methodist denominations in eighty stations in Brazil. The government ought to be the nor- Great Britain: the Wesleyan, native Christian staff numbers mal procedure in a Christian the Primitive, the United Free, 713, of whom 250 are ordained Church whose members are led the New Connection, the Bible men. The Evangelicals have 750 of the Holy Spirit. He says: Christians. Then there were organized churches, with over "The native church should be three: the Wesleyan, Primitive 122,000 communicant members, foreign only to the extent of its and the United, which gathered not counting the 350,000 mem- heavenly character and not on in the other two. bers of the German Lutheran account of its earthly deriva- In September, 1932, there will Church in the southern states. tion." be only one. The present population of Brazil Mr. Ritchie says that converts The union has been achieved is over forty million. Thousands are insisting on their status as with patience and goodwill on of cities and towns are un- Peruvians as well as Christians. all sides. Each church has its touched by the Gospel; the vast It is the policy of the church of own distinctive traditions, which interior, with over 1,000,000 In- Rome to exclude Protestants have gathered around them the dians, is practically unreached. from the cemeteries. But the radiance of many memories. Evangelical Christians, under But the union will be complete World's Sunday School Mr. Ritchie's advice, insist on and there will be no minority Convention their rights as Peruvian citizens keeping out of the new church.

The first assemblage of Chris- to use the village cemetery. An African in Liverpool tians from all over the world to "This stand has been successbe held in South America will be fully taken throughout the inte- A convert of Mary Slessor of the World's Sunday School As- rior towns and villages and in Calabar, named Ekarte, went to sociation Convention in Rio de many places Protestants have sea and found himself stranded Janeiro, July 25-31. At least been allowed to use the pub- in Liverpool, where he was led fifty nations will be represented. lic cemetery, thus establishing to undertake the help of other A youth conference will be a precedent which will be diffi- Africans who came on steamers one of the features. In addition cult to overcome. The native to the port. He visits all the to the main program, institutes Christian desires to avoid taking ships which carry African and seminars will be held for a any course which would make crews so that now the men more intensive study of Chris- them a community apart from know him and look to him for tian education in its world-wide their fellow countrymen. help in difficulty.

aspects. For the multitudes who . "The native Evangelical synod Ekarte lives in a little room cannot attend, but who are eager has also refused to establish in a poor quarter. There you to be personally identified with mission schools and is insisting may find him teaching colored the convention, there is an Inter- that their children be received men or children the catechism cessory Prayer Membership. into the state schools and be ac- or hymns or discussing pass- World's Hardest Field corded decent treatment by the port complications. Or he may nun-trained school mistresses: be rushing to the hospital or to During the last two years hos- As teachers become accustomed the police court to help an ar- tility and distrust on the part of to having the children of Evan- rested sailor. The hospitals are Amazonian Indians has been gelicals, intolerance wears down. miles away, and Ekarte has to overcome and 645 converts have The battle is not won but it is walk the whole distance once or

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

twice a week to visit all in which Its initial undertaking was at of the city councils and regional there are colored people. Mirzapur, United Provinces of congresses.

This convert of Miss SIessor India, buying the London Mis- Today in Spain there could be has absolute faith in prayer. sionary Society's £5,220 plant. employed as preachers and lec- A writer in Life and Work says: In West China it is working turers all the pastors working "On one occasion I brought a with Bishop Cassels, and in in all the Spanish-speaking parcel of food for himself, South China it has absorbed the countries. There are less than knowing that if I gave him Emmanuel Medical Mission at· a hundredth part of the workers money he would directly give it Nanning, formed by Dr. and needed, and these are so poor to others. When I presented it he Mrs. Lechmere Clift. In Burma that even those who receive the remarked that he had been pray- it has begun extensive missions highest salaries would be unable ing for three seamen who were and has taken over the Deaf and to eat in the United States, not destitute and starving and now Dumb School and Orphanage for to speak of rent and clothing.

the answer had come. Within evangelizing the eleven thousand The highest salary for a pastor four days he had got one of deaf mutes of Burma. in Madrid in terms of dollars them a position on a liner going North Africans in France would be $40 a month. Their back to Africa. A week later congregations are also poor.

he secured similar positions for At present there are about Germany and England are dothe other two." 110,000 North Africans, Ber- ing something but their help is -Ernest Gordon. bers, Arabs and Kabyls from meager. If the North Ameri- Algiers in France. Many of can boards working in Latin Religious Interest in England them have come in contact with America could help Spain at present they would help the The statistics published in the Prc)testant missionaries in their work in all Spanish-speaking official yearbook of the Church home lands and while in Paris countries, because Spain is now of England give grounds for an attend Protestant services. A becoming more and more the group of Mohammedans comes leader in all those countries. encouraging view of the state of regularly an hour's ride by bus religion in that country today. -Juan Ortz Gonzales. During 1930 there were in the to take part in the meetings and 12,801 Anglican parishes 420,- the driver, a Kabyl, leaves his Protestant Academies in 281 baptisms, or about 75 per bus parked in the street to go Germany cent of the total number of in himself. A former student of births registered in England in El-Ahzar University is an at- The most noticeable way of that year. Add the baptisms in tendant at services, and a Kabyl balancing the German budget Methodist, Congregational, Bap- who became a Christian and re- has been by reducing the salaries tist and other churches and it be- turned to his home country re- of state officials of all classes. comes evident that the number ports that, notwithstanding con- Particularly drastic is the deciof families that ignore religious stant peril of life, he has so far sion that out of 15 pedagogical observances must be small. For distributed about 1,250 portions academies, in which since the the attendances at religious wor- of the Bible among his people. war the ele~entary school teach- ship the yearbook estimates that A New Spain ers have been trained, only six the attendance of "adult regular will remain, and how long those worshippers" at Anglican serv- Last summer I traveled 4,500 will remain open is uncertain. ices is at least 6,500,000. The miles in Spain and talked with It is significant of present poaddition of Non-Conformist more than fifty Protestant pas- litical conditions that the nine Church worshippers would bring tors, representing different de- academies sacrificed are all the total number up to about 10,- nominations. Protestant, while the two Cath- 000,000. Though the number of Span- olic academies, and the one in ish Protestants is small (scarce- Frankfurt with no religious af- Bible Churchmen's Society ly 12,000 among more than 22 filiations, will continue their The Bible Churchmen's Mis- millions) , the Evangelical move- work. This means that the sionary Society was organized in ment has been an important fac- Catholic influence has bee n 1922 by members of the Church tor in bringing about the re- strong enough to protect their of England and in the seven public. Some of the secretaries cultural institutions, while the years of its existence its yearly in the present government were Protestants are not in sympathy income has passed from £25,144 pupils in Protestant schools, and with the present Prussian govin 1923 to £57,000 in 1930, in an are not ashamed to confess it in ernment. uninterrupted increase. It has public. I found everywhere -The Christian Century.

commissioned 116 British mis- that, among the most influential Religious Interest in Bulgaria sionaries and has 68 in training. men of this government, Prot., Ten of these are physicians and estantism is well thought of. A wave of religious interest there are already 87 native Some of our pastors have even seems to have appeared in the workers. It is pledged to pioneer been offered the office of provin- University of Sofia. Not only is advance wherever possible. cial governor or the presidency the Bulgarian Student Chris-

tian movement at a high point merly American Presbyterian pIe in evangelism; vacation Bible Schools; an aroused in its activity, but a strong Mission, Cameroons, and Mrs. "Health Sense"; intensive study of Egypt's agricultural removement among Russian stu- H. D. Hooper, formerly Church sources with a resultant lessen- ing of rural poverty; better dents has also come into promi- Missionary Society, Kenya, as roads-a challenge to the evan- gelist, and finally greater lennence. The three days' confer- associate editors. Mr. Hubert iency on the part of the govern- ment toward Christian instrucence of the Russian movement W. Peet, of the Far and Near tion.

in Sofia, just closed, was the Press Bureau, is managing edi- A Wordless Worship first ever held there, and one of . tor. Men calling themselves prophthe best held anywhere in recent ets have been a recurring feayears by Russians, according to Effects of Christian Education ture of the Christian movement in West Africa. More than a an experienced leader who was The answers given below were year ago such a man began to written by students at the close preach and heal on the western present. New cooperation be- of a year's course on "Problems border of the Ekiti country. His of Religion," given at the Amer- method is to pray, quote Psalms, tween all Russian student or- ican University at Cairo. lead in singing hymns, preach the coming of the end of the age, ganizations in the University of I used to believe that tying rags to then call on his hearers to sur- Sofia was one by-product of the tombs and lighting candles at them render their idols and confess would bring good luck, but now I be- their sins. Water brought by meeting. the credulous is blessed and lat- -Donald A. Lowrie in the er drunk for their healing. Tak- ing advantage of this awakened Christian Century. zeal, two missionaries of the C. M. S. opened work at Kpata, in Athens School of Religion Closes lieve nothing of that sort. This course the Bassa country. A school has made me see that true religion was started, although it had no equipment beyond a blackboard, The School of Religion at should lift the standard of my con- and a hundred children attend- Athens, the only surviving duct.-A Palestinian Moslem. ed. A dispensary opened and there were fifty patients a day. American Board school for the This course has strengthened my Last February a message came training of religious leaders for belief in a good God. – A Russian from villages in the bush: all of the Near East, is to be Atheist. "Please send us some one to help closed next June, according to us! We do not even know how I believe this course has taught me to pray." This it was impos- what true religion is. If I have sible to do but a few months lat- er another message came saying learned only this from the course, it that they had built a church. present plans. It is arranged is enough.-A Palestinian Moslem. They had given up their market that the training for leadership In primary schools, I learned that on Sunday, and met in the the Koran was the true word of God church; there they stand up, given at the New Bulgarian -perfectly correct, no mistakes and kneel, sit down, but no one says Seminary and at the Beirut no errors. I could not discuss with a word, for they do not know what to say, or how to pray. School for Religious Workers of my teacher that this was not right or he would have beaten me and might Basuto and Barotse the Presbyterian Mission may to have expelled me from school. – An some extent make up for the Egyptian Moslem. In the oldest field of the Paris loss, but the regrettable action Evangelical Missionary Society was unavoidable, owing to finan- -Recent Bull e tin of the -Basutoland-t h e church is cial conditions. American University. looking forward to celebrating its centenary in 1933. Basu- AFRICA Egypt's Problems and Progress toland feels the world depres- sion, but in spite of prevailing Listen to Africa Miss Finney of the American poverty the church maintains a Mission at Tanta, Egypt, out- healthy growth. The number The International Committee lines some of the problems met of declared new converts has on Christian Literature for Af- there. As rural mission schools risen from 2,000, the average rica has planned to issue a pe- are being replaced by the better riodical to be published six times equipped government schools, a year, for village people and the need arises for preaching school children in Africa. It centers to become the nucleus of will be called Listen, News from future churches. The increase Near and Far. The publication of government schools enlarges of the paper has been made pos- the reading public, thus calling sible by the generous financial for larger supplies of good readsupport of the American Com- ing material, and providing a mittee on Christian Literature widening opportunity. for Women and Children in Mission Fields. It will be pub- The national aspirations of lished in English, and it is present day Egyptians must be hoped that it will be read by met by inspiring the younger teachers and others who know generation to real service for English in the villages, and in their country. Addiction to narclasses in schools where English· cotics, the difficulties of converts is taught. The Rev. H. Stover from Islam and woman's posi- Kulp, of the Church of the tion under Islam never cease to Brethren Mission, Nigeria, is be problems. editor of the paper, with Miss Jean Kenyon Mackenzie, for- As to progress, Miss Finney 1i s t s decreasing fanaticism; greater interest of young peo-

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

annual increase for years past, ans and the Chinese. Out of stantinople correspondent of the to 3,000. As to church contri- t his preliminary conference Manchester Guardian, particu- butions for support and exten- came plans for an International larly affects many foreign insti- sion, this year's diminution is Club. The Chinese and Indians tutions of education, which are only £740 (£7,302 as against favor the purchase of a build- m 0 s t I y missionary and are £8,042 in 1929), and of this ing at once. This absorbingly founded for religious purposes.

£7,302, £407 was for work interesting enterprise has met Angora claims to have estab- among their countrymen on the with the unanimous approval of lished religious liberty, but on Rand. The main development all races and should provide the the other hand monastic associ- is in the mountain region of the contacts out of which a spirit of ation is denied, and the Angora Maloutis, which occupy more understanding may develop be- leaders have abandoned Islam.

than two-thirds of the country, tween the vanguard of each There is no interference with reliand to which the increase of group. gious worship, and the mosques are population drives more and more -The Congregationalist. still well frequented by the working and lower middle-classes. Six thouinhabitants every year.. These WESTERN ASIA sand clergy, hodjas and imams and muezzins, are paid out of the budget have been ministered to by na- Three American Colleges of the state, though there has been tive evangelists, supervised by fully ordained native pastors, Seventy-six years ago a ship some protest. but the growing complexity of sailed from New York for the The Angora leaders do not think it the situation requires a Euro- Orient bearing two men of despean worker, and it is hoped tiny, Daniel Bliss and Tillman advisable for the organization of re- ligion to be outside state control. It that one may soon be installed. gives them a better hold on the preachers. But its semi-establishment -The Christian. C. Trowbridge, who with Cyrus does not mean its state recognition. Hamlin, already a missionary at It is really a police measure. Younger Generation Sacrifice Constantinople, were to be col- The Guardian's correspond- Many young Christians in An- lege builders in the Near East. ent finds an intellectualist, magola, West Central Africa, have Robert College, founded by Dr. terialist, modernist spirit, torefused positions that would Hamlin, is now in its sixty- gether with a natural reaction mean comparative wealth in or- eighth year. 'Syrian Protestant against all that was the foundader to continue teaching under College, founded by Dr. Bliss tion of the Imperial regime. conditions little short of pover- and now the American Univerty, reports Dr. Henry S. Hollen- sity of Beirut, is in its sixty- When it comes to interreli- fifth year. Dr. Trowbridge re- gious propaganda, the question beck, of Sachikela. They have turned to America sixty years dedicated their lives not only to ago to take the steps necessary is very different: the school activities but to evan- for the establishment of a third gelistic efforts. They find a college at Aintab, now Aleppo Here the Turks remain extremely growing desire for the Christian College. sensitive. Recently there have been message in unoccupied villages. several cases of protests and police This youngest of the three col- investigations regarding supposed leges received public endorse- conversions to Christianity effected by ment at the annual meeting of for e i g n educational institutions. the American Board in Salem in "They teach on meager allow- 1872, and was to embody plans Whenever such cases arise there is a ances, and one young man re- far in advance of the time. The popular call for the expUlsion of forfused a position as carpenter other two colleges had been eign educational orders and establishfor a prosperous company even chartered by the State of New after considerable pressure was York as American institutions, ments. brought to bear upon him, and The g,overnment sends investigators he was told he might name his own salary." and sometimes favors the idea of re- quiring that the directors of such in- stitutions shall be Turks. It is forced by public opinion to prevent all lib- erty of religious propaganda. Ango- ra's main preoccupation is to keep all Four Races Confer the ideal being a foreign college, its citizens very Turkish and na- tional. Chinese, Indians, Eurafri- independent of the mission, on A certain amount of Christian cans, Bantu, one Scotchman, an Turkish soil. The initiative for Englishman and an American the founding of the college at p,ropaganda does go on. The New sat down together recently and Aintab had come from the native Testament is now being translated discussed ways and means for churches. into the new Turkish language by a developing interracial under- committee in which Turks take part. standing in Johannesburg. The Religious Liberty in Turkey 2,000 Chinese have nothing in -Literary Digest. Liberty of worship in Turkey Wireless Station at Mecca common with the 10,000 Indi- appears to manifest itself large- The Moslem World (New ans, nor the Indians with the ly in religious indifference, ex- York) reports that the Marconi rest. The 30,000 Eurafricans cept among Christians. Company has asked the Egyp- are scarcely better off. The There is strong protest, some- tian government for a Moslem Bantu are constantly finding times followed by persecution, engineer of the State Telegraphs new friends among the whites, when Christians seek to convert to supervise the installation of but know little about the Indi- Moslems. This, says the Con- wi reI e s s apparatus in the

Hedjaz. Hamdi EI Kordi Ef- bic: "I am the Light of the separate the convert from the refendi will, before going to the ligious thought and feeling in which Hedjaz, visit London in order to World." obtain the necessary instruc- he was brought up and to attach him tions from the Marconi Com- MISCELLANEOUS NEWS to a new and foreign religion. Bepany. It is thought that the lieving that his own religion has been Moslems plan to open a wireless When the English Were Heathen finally determined for all time, he instation at Mecca. Missions are not modern! sists on unreserved acceptance of its According to Al-Muquattam Back in A.D. 598 Gregory made creed, ritual, and organization. (Ac- (Cairo), the Department of Pil- an appeal to Christian Africa cording to Basil Mathews, "the congrims in the Hedjaz reports the on behalf of pagan England. number of pilgrims arriving at Nearly 1,350 years ago he wrote vert to Christianity from another Mecca last year as follows: to Eubogius of Alexandria, in faith is a kind of spiritual scalp to northern Mrica: "The English hang up in our wigwam.") The actual The total was only 70,000, distrib- race, situated in the far corner u17te,~d17a;s Ifnodllioaw, s9:,62E0g; ySpyt,ri4a,,99321;9;JaPavla~ of the earth, has hitherto been ministry of Jesus gives us the true estme, 456; Sudan, 929; Yemen, 857; in unbelief, worshiping stocks conception of the missionary enter- Cape Colony, 71; Mesopotamia, 201' and stones. But, aided by your prise. Evangelism is the outflow of Algeria, 184; Afghanistan, 173; TUl': prayers, I sent a monk. Now, key, 279; Persia, 150; Hadramaut, letters have arrived telling me the divine love "which seeketh not its 130; Somali Land, 90; China, 85; and of his work. They show that he, own." Its supreme concern is with other countries, 2,268. Before the and those sent out with him, the life within the soul. The success World War the annual pilgrimage was shine amongst that nation with of the Hue evangelist is not in the three times as great as it is now. such miracles that they seem to number of ac,cessions which he is able imitate the mighty works of the to record, but in the spiritual influence apostles. At Christmas, more which he is able to exert, even though than 10,000 English people were such influence never issues in a single baptized. I tell you this that you may know what your accession. Where the mere proselytist might feel he had finished, the evan- prayers are doing at the world's end." gelist would feel that he had hardly -The Congregationalist. begun.

-The Congregationalist.

An Isolated Hospital Depression Brings Folks Back The hospital in Meshed, Per- "Reacting from the materialsia, is the only Christian hospi- ism of the decade that ended in tal for an area more than half 1929, mankind is finding its way the size of the United States. back to the church through the The nearest Christian hospital doorway of depression," said to the west is 560 miles away Bishop Wyatt Brown in adin Teheran. The nearest to the d res sin g the twenty-eighth southeast is 700 miles, as the Missionaries in Foreign Fields annual convention of the Diocese crow flies, at Peshawar. The A bulletin recently published of Harrisburg on January 26-27. nearest to the east is 3,000 miles by the graduate school of the "The economic situation in in Peking, across the whole American University, Washing- which we find ourselves is a breadth of Asia. The notice ton, D. C., presents the results challenge to the Church of boards at the head of the white of a study completed by the "cu- Christ. The appeal of the beds in the Meshed wards show mulative digest of international Church will be heard today as it patients from all over the lands law and relations," and gives has not been heard, yearningly of western and central Asia. some interesting figures con- and gladly, by thousands and Bag'hdad's New Religious Center cerning the number of missiona- thousands of the unchurched. ries now in service in foreign "Despite its unprecedented Several years ago Dr. Samuel countries. A total of 7,809 prosperity, the decade from M. Zwemer and Dr. James Can- American missionaries are now 1919 to 1929 had 'tragic results tine sought funds for a church stationed in 87 foreign coun- in the life of our people.' The to meet the needs of the native tries. Nearly one-half of these, American people were on a gaily Protestant congregation organ- or 3,712 missionaries, are lo- decorated toboggan, s lid in g ized by English missionaries in cated in the three countries of down a spiritual hill, amidst Baghdad. This organization, China, India and Japan. The great cheering, having lots of composed of families that had figure reported for American fun. Then came October, 1929. come out from the several Orien- missionaries in China is 1,846; God called His people home. The tal churches that make up the India, 1,351; Japan, 515. burden of poverty which has re- Christian minorities of the Near Evangelize or Proselyte sulted demands the Christian East, has always been independ- generosity and charity and deent of the United Mission, and A part of the Christian votion Qf us all." they wished a building of their Church is so afraid that it mig h t "proselyte" somebody Rev. Paul L. Warnshuis of Denver own that would be a real center that it hesitates to evangelize has been elected assistant director in for evangelistic work among anybody! Bernard Lucas in his its Department of City, Immigrant, Moslems at Baghdad. The build- book, Our Task in India, makes and Industrial Work, under the Presing is now completed and in- some significant distinctions: byterian Board of National Missions. cludes a chapel, seating over a Mr. Warnshuis will be superintendent hundred. A large plaque is in- The dominating idea of the pros- of Spanish-speaking work in the scribed with the words in Ara- elytist is the advancement of his own Southwest, an office to be left vacant particular religion. His aim is to by the withdrawal of Dr. Robert N. McLean.

Missionary

Recent Boo~s Reviewed for the Readers' Information The Negroes of Africa: History and known how to create and from which as the protector and succor of Culture. By Maurice Delafosse. 313 they are often able to obtain surpris- pp. $3.15. Associated Publishers, ing melodies, their recitative chants friendless children throughout Inc. Washington, D. C. and poetic improvisations, the ele- Great Britain.

This is a translation and a gance of the jewelry and the potteries Mr. Wesley Bready prefaces combination of three important which they manufacture and of cerlittle books by a former gov- the narrative of this great phiernor of the French Colonies and tain of their sculptures on wood and lanthropist and reformer with an outstanding authority on the on ivory, the design and the color of an interesting chapter on the African Negro. Maurice Dela- their mats and tissues, the good taste fosse, who died in 1926, was considered the leading authority on of their talent for ornamentation are history of social reform in Engthe peoples and languages of the incontestable proofs of artistic West Africa, where he spent faculties which are called upon to give land, directly attributing it to seventeen years. The book is an . the Evangelical Revival; and if extremely interesting compen- forth more and better than they have dium on African History and been able to do up to the present. in some instances the less con- Ethnology. The author holds that "the Negroes of Africa are The isolation in which natural bar- spicuous reformers were not not, properly speaking, autoch- riers have for too long a time closed thonous, but come from migra- their habitat has made of the African recognized as Christian in the tions having their point of de- Negroes, in relation to the more fa- Evangelical sense, they in turn parture towards the limits of the vored Europeans, backward peoples, Indian Ocean and the Pacific." found their inspiration and sup- The Pygmies or Negrillos, he be- or more exactly, retarded peoples: port from this source. lieves, are the autochthonous Africans. they have lost much time and they Dr. Barnardo was in early life greatly influenced by the writ- Succeeding chapters trace the will not be able to catch up in a day Development of Negro Civiliza- or in a century. But they have certion in Antiquity, Negro Africa tainly not said their last word and ings of Voltaire, Rousseau, and in the Middle Ages, the Euro- their history is not finished. Perhaps pean contacts with West Africa it is only beginning and this book is Paine, and probably would have and the Slave-trade, the Central only a preface. and Eastern Sudan; then fol- subscribed himself a skeptic. It lows an account of Native Po- S.M.Z. was the famous Irish revival litical Organizations, Social and which proved the turning point Family life, and Religious Beliefs and Practices. in his outlook when at the age of Dr. Barnardo: The Friend of Little seventeen he was led to Christ Each chapter is documented Children. By Wesley Bready. 271 with a select bibliography, al- pp. $2.50. Revell. New York. by his brothers. This period in though mostly French authori- his life is indicative of his subties are cited. There are four maps and an unusually full in- The Evangelical Revival of the sequent service. dex. Optimism, insight, and sympathy are rare qualities in 19th Century has been criticized The experiences immediately a book on the Negro, but they in that it limited the scope of the following his conversion have are all found here. He says: Gospel. Superficial observers been common to many. For a affirm that its chief concern was time he was strongly influenced It is impossible not to recognize with the souls of individuals and by Plymouth Brethren, but their that the African Negroes are remark- failed to recognize the signifi- interpretation of Scripture did ably gifted from the point of view of cance of what they term the "so- not give that freedom of soul he the arts. Their innate musical dispo- cial gospel." And yet it was dur- associated with Christian fellowsition, the instruments that they have ing this very period that the ship, and he became a member public conscience was awakened of the established church. There to prevailing evils. Wilberforce followed a season of deep mis- in the British Parliament be- sionary zeal coming under the came the protagonist of the slave influence of Dr. Hudson Taylor, trade; Plimsall espoused the and he volunteered for work in cause of sailors and introduced China, and it was while a medi- bills to insure greater safety to cal student in London, in prep- men who go down to the sea in aration for service in China, that ships; the Earl of Shaftesbury young Barnardo received the so identified himself with many. "call" for his life service among philanthropies as to make his the waifs, first in the slums in name cherished in the memory London and later throughout the of the nation; and Dr. Thomas United Kingdom. The incidents Barnardo became no less known connected with his changed life [253]

plans and the early experiences of 1,000 thoroughly trained therefore of great significance: "From conversion till death are frequently thrilling and COll- young artisans. Barnardo was an avowed Evanstitute a romance of city mis- In view of the service of this gelical. But this does not mean that his religion was static. sionary work. Like many others, indefatigable servant of God, Quite the contrary! The evolu- tion of his convictions is appar- Barnardo found "the reward of this great reformer and social ent. In youth, under the influservice more service" and grad- worker, it seems strange that no ence of Brethrenism, he inclined to the belief that the Lord's Taually to his numerous duties was state honor was bestowed upon ble should be open only to the immersed. In middle age, a libadded evangelistic work. him in recognition of his eral non-conformist, he was much less concerned about doc- As his work expanded he be- achievements. But Eng I and trines and dogmas as such: while during his last twelve came conscious of evils requir- never conferred upon him the years, a lay-reader in the Church of England, he was ready to coing legislative action and Dr. coveted prize of her citizens, operate with all, whatever their affiliation, if only they 'loved the Barnardo, the medical home either knighthood or baronetcy. Lord Jesus Christ in sincerity and truth.' " missionary, became the states- These years of unremitting laman reformer. His arduous la- bors were not without oppo- W. R. MOODY. bors were supplemented by the sition. Nothing invites critihsuepavpyortbuorfdehnis owf otrhke, feivnearnciinal- A Merry Mountaineer. By R. W. cism or even bitter opposition Howard. 93 pp. Is. Church Miscreasing calls for his help in like evidences of success. Dr. sionary Society. London. 1931. evangelistic work and consulta- Barnardo experienced trials of This is not the story of a tion with government officials in nearly every character. Reli- mountain dweller, but of a young Englishman, Clifford Harris, plans. The extent of his activi- gious bigotry was perhaps the who, as a teacher in the Stuart Memorial School in Isfahan, ties was almost superhuman. cause of his greatest trial, but Persia, found delight in moun- tain climbing. For three and a "Throughout the forty years of . gossip was also circulating im- half years his work in the school was teaching English, his rescue work it is doubtful if pugning his motives, charging but he also led the boys in ath- letic sports and at the summer he averaged six hours' rest per ill-treatment of the very children camp in swimming and hiking. night," says the biographer, he so dearly loved, and even "and often, for months, he accusing him of misuse of funds It became his custom to go out worked sixteen to eighteen hours entrusted to his care. Through to the villages on the weekly a day." these trials he emerged with Friday holiday, tramping and dragging a sled with his kit and The full results of Dr. Bar- greater public esteem and fully a lantern and slides to show pic- tures on the life of Christ to the nardo's work can never be exonerated in each case. villagers. The call of the vil- lages was to him overwhelming. known. Some idea of conditions To what may the phenomenal He wrote: "These little groups always thrill me; we have so in London's east end early in the success be attributed? Others much to share and give, for their religion has not the same spirit- 19th Century may be realized by have had genius in organization, ual power in it as ours and is not joyful." One secret of his winthe fact that "74.5 per cent of others have had a similar capac- ning personality was his joy- that "radiance" that characterall the children of the slums in ity for unremitting labors, and ized the early Christians. He hoped to make it his life work the metropolis died before their others have had equal training, "to live in the villages among the Persians like a Persian," fifth birthday." One wonders but their labors have not thus even planning to support him- self as a tinker, and also giving how any could have survived the been crowned by any such suc- simple remedies.

terrible unsanitary conditions cess. There may be various an- In the bitter winter of 1930, and moral degradation in which swers, but it is of interest to so many lived. Ignorance, know that to which Dr. Barnar- drunkenness, and all forms of do himself assigned the suc- immorality were widespread. cess. Once, when asked to what In this atmosphere Dr. Barnar- he attributed the extraordinary do found hoards of destitute fact that 98 per cent of those children inured to vice, aban- who had gone from his "Homes"

doned by their natural guardi- to the colonies had made good, ans, and constituting a grave he replied without hesitation, menace to the future as well as "Every boy and girl that goes the present. After forty years from our care I personally inter- he achieved the extraordinary view on their relationship to record of having "fathered sixty Christ. To this I assign every thousand children" whom he had degree of success that has been rescued from the untold evils attained."

and misery of their surround- Even a sympathetic biogra- ings and trained for some useful pher cannot adequately delineate occupation. The modest expendi- the essential characteristics of ture of two hundred pounds his subject. Those of us who grew during his life to an an- knew and loved the great doctor nual budget of $1,000,000, with are indebted to Mr. Bready for an average daily enrollment of the portrayal he has given of 7,000 and an annual migration this great soul. His summing party to Canada and Australia up of Dr. Barnardo's religion is

OUR MISSIONARY BOOKSHELF

when there was great destitu- the Panjab; and third, the pro- Negro Year Book: An Annual Ency- clopedia of the Negro, 1931-1932. tion, he helped feed 250 starving ceedings of the Presbyterian By Munroe N. Work. 544 pp. people a day. He contracted ty- Centennial Celebration includphus fever, and in delirium he ing three masterly addresses by $2.00. Negro Year Book Publishwas still climbing mountains. Dr. Robert E. Speer, on the ing Co., Tuskegee Institute, Ala- bama.

On the morning he died he said: Founders and the Foundations, All who are interested in the "It will be great up the moun- Elisha P. Swift, and Walter supreme national racial problem tain with Jesus." To quote Lowrie. It was the latter, of the United States will welfrom his last sermon: "Faith Walter Lowrie, who declared in come this new edition of an means a passion, an enthusiasm, 1847: "The Pre s b y t e ria n annual which has won its way as a consuming zeal, that eats up Church is a Missionary Society the standard work of reference everything. " the object of which is to aid in on matters relating to the the conversion of the world, and Negro. The present edition is a ANNIE RHEA WILSON. every member of this Church is distinct improvement on earlier a member for life of said So- ones. The material is new and in- Missions Matching the Hour. By Ste- ciety, and bound to do all in his cludes practically every aspect of phen J. Corey. 8 vo. 184 pp. 50 power for the accomplishment cents. Cokesbury Press. Nashville. of this object." interracial relationship. There 1931. are special chapters on Racial As we read the story of these Consciousness, Discrimination Changing conditions at home great founders who laid the Against the Negro, Segregation, and abroad present a new chal- foundations of a world-wide The Negro and Politics, and the lenge, new needs, new problems missionary enterprise through Progress of the Negro Race, and new opportunities to the the Presbyterian Church, recall both as property owners and in Church of Christ. Dr. Corey, their sacrificial love, noble, un- agriculture and business. Imthe President of the United selfish service, we can not help Christian Missionary Society, wonder why the church today portant inventions made by presents the case briefly, clearly cannot dream as nobly and dare Negroes during the past five and effectively. First he studies as boldly as did these great years are listed as are the names "Missions under Fire" and the predecessors. of those who earned scholastic effectiveness of Christianity it- distinction and are known in the self is challenged. He meets the S. M. Z. world of literature. The progcritics with facts rather than ress of Negro education and of with theories; he challenges the The Friendly Farmers. By Elizabeth the work of the church are enmodern spirit of secularism and Harris and Gertrude Chandler couraging. The statistics are shows the need of the world to- Warner. 12 mo. cloth, $1.00; pa- seemingly accurate and cover day, the need of the Church and per, 75c. Friendship Press. New such matters as the Distribution the ability of Christ to meet York. 1931. of Population, Mortality and these needs. Pastors of all de- Lynching. There is an excellent nom ina t ion s will find this This course for Primary boys account of the Negro in Latinvolume especially suggestive .in and girls on rural life around America, in E u r 0 p e and in preparing sermons on the Chns- the world is written by an As- Africa (pp. 381-435). This sectian solution of some present- sociate Professor in the Ele- ond section is of special interest, day missionary prqblems. It is mentary Department School of because it deals with European particularly designed for mis- Religious Education, B 0 s ton policies in the Dark Continent, sion study classes. University. oShe has prepared the labor problem, forced labor, the pro g ram s and supple- and slavery which still exists ~n mentary material for the nine stories written by Miss Warner, the twentieth century. There IS the author of "Windows in The Centennial of the Western For- Alaska" and other volumes. a bibliography of all work.s re- eign Missionary Society, 1831-1931. lating to the Negro publIshed Edited by James A. Kelso. 234 pp. Leaders of children's work in during the past five years, and Published under the auspices of the the Sunday School or in missi~m­ ary circles, not to mentIOn a d ire c tor y of newspapers, Committee of Pittsburgh Presby- age n c i e s, and org!lni~atio~s. tery. 1931. mothers, will find that these This invaluable matenalls avaIl- This memorial volume con- tales will .open the eyes of boys able in no other place. sists of three parts-first a brief and girls, to their debt, not only S.M.Z.

history of the Western Foreign to the American farmers, but to Mis s ion a r y Society by the the farmers all around the God, the Eternal Torment of Man. By Reverend Thomas C. Pears, Jr., world. Children very much alive Marc Boegner. 165 pp. $2.00. second, a biography and an ap- are happily depicted but we are Harpers. New York. 1931.

preciation of Sadhu Sundar disappointed that the last story The word "torment" is rather Singh, the apostle of the East does not gather up the threads startling in such connection.

and West, who was brought to of the earlier chapters and come The author took it from Marcel Christ through the influence of to a more definite climax. Arland's sentence: "All ques- Presbyterian mission schools in J. C. C. tions revert to a unique problem,

that of God; God, the dreadful burgh Medical Mission Training ism and rural education. This torment of men, whether they School. During his studies in worthwhile study of the situastrain to create him or destroy Scotland Alexander came into tion and the need in Korea is him." vital contact with such spiritual prepared by a Korean woman, giants as Moody, Drummond, dean of a woman's college, who The contents of the book show Balfour, Lightfoot, Boyd Car- presents the problem, considers that the author uses the term penter, Ion Keith Falconer and the forces and methods already "torment" to indicate the striv- Robert Laws of Livingstonia. at work in Korea and other ing after God that was voiced He went to Aden and then to lands, and suggests some ways in Job's cry: "Oh, that I knew Lovedale, South Africa, where in which the Korean problem where I might find Him!" and he found a wife, and then to may be met. Missionaries in by the Psalmist's: "My soul Cairo, before he reached Hebron, other lands than Korea will also thirsteth for Thee, my flesh Southern Palestine, in 1892. find it worthy of study. longeth for Thee in a dry and thirsty land where no water is." Dr. Paterson's thirty years in The Progress of World-Wide Missions. Even after the soul has found the mountains of Judah were By Robert H. Glover, M. D. Ninth God, there are fears that one years of fruitful service, full of edition. 8 vo. 418 pp. $2.50. does not understand and serve interesting experiences and Richard R. Smith. New York. 1931. Him aright, and the tragedies some thrilling adventures proof life are ever raising the vided by war, massacre, robbery This book, which has already troubled que s t ion: Why? and various plots. The life story proved its usefulness, now ap- "Everywhere about us today," is full of information, of interest pears (with six maps) in a resays the author, "we are detect- and inspiration. It is marred by vised and enlarged edition. It is ing the echo of a deepseated un- a perpetuation of one or two trustworthy, readable and ineasiness which is troubling grievances and a desire to de- forming. It covers the world men's souls, and we assent to the fend Dr. Paterson against criti- and is the best recent history of utterance of a contemporary cisms which might better have world-wide missions. To read it thinker: 'More than ever God is been allowed to die. carefully is a liberal education occupying the first place in the in the principles, forces, aims thinking of our youth!' " Marches of the North. By E. Alex- and progress of Christian mis- ander Powell. 8 vo. 311 pp. $4. sions. Dr. Boegner, who is pastor of The Century Co. 1931. the Reformed Church at Passy, The World Dominion. Edited quar- France, and President of the Canada is largely an unknown terly by Dr. Thomas Cochrane, Pro t est ant Federation of country to those outside of the 48. 6d. a year. World Dominion France, discusses the whole sub- Dominion. It is worth knowing; Press. London and New York. 1932. ject thoughtfully, helpfully, and its variety, beauty and producwith documentary references tiveness give the vast sketches Dr. Cochrane, who was for that show a wide range of read- of country and mixed inhabi- some years an L. M. 'S. medical ing. He is in full sympathy with tants an interest to travelers, missionary in China, is rendermodern thought, but he is con- merchants, hunters, agricultur- ing a real service through the vinced that life without God, the ists and missionaries. As an publication of his independent God of whom Jesus Christ was American newspaper correspon- missionary quarterly. This magthe most adequate revelation, is dent and a wide traveler, Mr. azine, and the brochures on varifruitless and yain. The reader Powell shows that he is a keen ous fields, published from time may not agree with every state- observer and a fascinating re- to time, emphasize especially the ment, but he will feel that the porter-as will be recognized by need for reaching speedily the author is earnestly striving to those who have read his "Last unevangelized multitudes in nonset forth truths which for him Home of Mystery"; "Thunder Christian lands, the prime imare not debatable since they are Over E u r 0 p e" and other portance of using Apostolic a part of that revelation which volumes. Here is an exception- methods of proclaiming the God is ever making of Himself. ally readable description of the New Testament Gospel, calling different provinces of Canada- in question the value of large in- A. J. B. its seacoast, rivers, fisheries and stitutions and secular education gold mines. in mission work, and showing Paterson of Hebron. By W. Ewing, the need for faith, courage and M.D. 8 vo. 256 pp. 88., 6d. Clarke Rural Education for the Regeneration dependence on the Spirit of God. & Co. London. 1931. of Korea. By Helen Kittenk Kim, Ph.D. Pamphlet, Ewa College, Seoul, The January issue of World The "Hakim" or medical mis- and Methodist Episcopal Board, New Dominion contains valuable arsionary lived and worked in the York. 1931. ticles on Persia and the Latin mountains of Judah for thirty World, Arctic Canada, A Chalyears. He was the son of David We are just beginning to real- lenge to Youth, and the Solomon Paterson, a Scotch missionary in ize the importance of giving Islands. The magazine is full of Madras, India, where Alexander more attention to rural evangel- interest and stimulates to faith was born in July, 1867. Later and action. the father became for two years superintendent of the Edin-

Books service in 1882. For many years he Announcing a New

was connected with the Vincent Miller Liberating the Lay Forces of Christi. Academy at Soochow. Thoroughly Revised Edition of anity. John R. Mott. 175 pp. $2.00. Macmillan, New York. 1932. *** The Progress of The Foreign Missionary. Arthur Jud- Mrs. S. C. Peoples, for forty years World -Wide Missions son Brown. 412 pp. (13th edition, a Presbyterian missionary in Siam, revised.) $2. Revell, New York. died at Berkeley, California, on J an- By Ih. 1932. uary 12. Rev. Robert Hall Glover. M. D•• F.R.G.S. The Mahadi of Allah – The Story of *** the Dervish Mohammed Ahmed. Home Dlreclor. China Inland Million Richard A. Bermann. 317 pp. $2.50. The Rev. Walter Oettli, D. Theol., Macmillan, New York. 1932. inspector of the Basel Mission since A comprehendYe hislory and .elerence book 1909, died recently of pneumonia at Ihal .hould be in Ihe library 01 eygry one Religion of Old Korea. Charles Alden Berne, Switzerland. He attended the Inleresled in mission.. A slandard and a Clark. 295 pp. $2.50. Revell, New International Missionary meetings at classic written by a r••1missionary slale.man. York. 1931. Crans in 1920 and at Lake Mohonk in 1921, and the first meeting of the "For yeors there has been a growing demand Story of Alaska. C. L. Andrews. $3.50. International Missionary Council at for such. missionorv text-book as this. It I. on Lowman & Hanford, Seattle. 1931. Oxford in 1923. Indispensable work for .il desiring concise In- formc!ltion on every phdse of m;ssion4rv en- The Secret Veld. Francis Carey Sla- *** deavor. It rinRs true to the Gospel Message."' ter. 312 pp. 7s., 6d. Grayson, Mayfair, London. 1932. Dr. Fennell P. Turner, for twenty- -SUNDAY SCHOOL TIMES two years (1897 to 1919) secretary Christ Down East. R. G. Burnett. of the Student Volunteer Movement With Maps, Full Indices, Bibliography, 160 pp. $1.25. Revell, New York. and later (1919 to 1928) secretary 1931. of the Foreign Missions Conference of Etc., Octavo. 418 Pages, $2.50 • North America, died of a heart at- The Development of the Missionary tack in Santa Cruz, California, on Ray Long & Richard R. Smith, Inc. and Philanthropic Institute Among February 9th. Dr. Turner was born the Mennonites of North America. in Danielsville, Tennessee, February 1l! Ea.1 41s1 Sireel. New York Edmund George Kaufman. 416 pp. 25, 1867, and has rendered a remark- Mennonite Book Concern, Berne, able service to the cause of Christ in Personal Items Ind. 1931. many lands. He was a delegate to the World Missionary Conference in (Continued from 2d Cover) Challenged. Caroline Atwater Mason. Edinburgh in 1910, and to the Jerusa- 100 pp. $1.00. Revell, New York. lem Conference in 1928. He had re- Christian Council, the missions and 1932. cently returned from a tour in Asia churches there in regard to the con- as a member of the Laymen's Inquiry tribution which Christian education The Goodly Fellowship. P. L. Garlick. Commission. may make to the welfare of the peo- 145 pp. 2s. Church Missionary ple in Nigeria, the steps necessary to Society, London. 1932. *** make this contribution as effective as possible, an!! the relation of a pro- "Follow Thou Me." George W. Tru- The Rev. Thomas C. Horton, one of gram of Christian education to the ett. 241 pp. $2. Ray Long and the founders and the first superin- plans, intentions and policy of the R. R. Smith, New York. 1932. tendent of the Los Angeles Bible In- government. stitute, California, died at his horne Bible Verses to Memorize. Selected near Los Angeles on February 27th. *** by Helen Miller Gould Shepard. 96 He was for some years an associate – pp. 50 cents. American Tract So- of the late Dr. Arthur T. Pierson in Dr. Wellington Koo has been ap- ciety, New York. 1931. Bethany Church, Philadelphia. Later pointed by the Chinese Government as he conducted a Bible school in St. Minister of Foreign Affairs. Dr. Koo Seventy Other Best Bible Stories. Paul, Minnes.ota, and in Dallas, Texas, carne to America as a boy, took a George Goodman. 278 pp. 3s., 4d. and was instrumental in leading Mr. course at Cook Academy, and was Pickering & Inglis, London. 1932. Lyman Stuart to found the Los An- graduated from Columbia University. geles Institute twenty-four years ago. He has been Premier of China and A Prayer Book for Boys. Compiled He was the founder and president of Minister both to Washington and to by Margaret Cropper. 64 pp. $1. the Fishermen's Club, a men's organi- London. He represented the Chinese Macmillan, New York. 1932. zation for personal evangelism. Government at the Peace Conference in Paris in 1919 and at the Washing- Highways to International Goodwill. *** ton Conference in 1921. While at Walter W. Van Kirk. 190 pp. $1. Cook Academy, Wellington Koo took Abingdon Press, New York. 1932. Bishop Francis Wesley Warne, D.D., an open stand for Christ, but it is not a retired bishop of the Methodist known whether he is now identified Annual Report – American Board of Episcopal Church, who gave forty-one with the Christian Church in China. Commissioners for Foreign Mis· years of service as a missi.onary in sions. 1931. 172 pp. Published by India, died on February 29th in *** the Board. Boston. 1932. Brooklyn, New York, where he has been residing since his retirement in Fred W. Ramsey, Cleveland busi- The Conquest of Gloom. James L. 1928. Bishop Warne was born in ness man who succeeded John R. Mott Gray. 158 pp. 3s., 6d. Marshall, Erin, Ontario, Canada, on December as general secretary of the National Morgan & Scott, Ltd., London. 1931. 30, 1854, received his education in Council of the Y. M. C. A. in 1928, has Albert College, Canada, and in Gar- resigned. The responsibilities of the Obituary Notes rett Biblical Institute, Evanston, Illi- secretaryship will be carried by a nois. Under the Methodist Church of commission composed of five secreta- The Rev. John Newton Hayes, D.D., Canada, he served as a missionary in ries. retired missionary of the Presbyterian Manitoba and in December, 1887, was Church, U. S. A., died on February appointed a missionary of the Meth- *** 10th in Shanghai, China. Dr. Hayes odist Episcopal Church to India, was born in Big Hollow, N. Y., in where he did evangelistic and educa- G. B. Halstead, social director at 1850 and was appointed to missionary tional work among the low-caste peo- Lucknow Christian College, India, ple. In 1900 he was elected a mis- has resigned under pressure of the sionary bishop to India, and in 1920 British-Indian Government because of a bishop of the Methodist Episcopal his alleged outspoken sympathy with Church. Mahatma Gandhi and the activities of the Nationalist Congress. The stu- dents of the college declared a "har- tal," Dr period of mourning, to express their sympathy with Mr. Halstead.

THE MOSLEM

FOR APRIL SAMUEL M. ZWEMER, Editor PERSIA AND SHIAH ISLAM hold a prominent place in the April Number. Dr. Zwemer writes editorially on the Shiah Saints. "Some Bektashi Poets" are introduced by the Reverend J. Kingsley Birge, of Istanbul. The Reverend F. M. Stead of Persia describes the Ali nahi Sect. The evangelicdl fervor of the New Persian Church is revealed by the Reverend William N. Wysh"m. "New Forces in Old Morocco" are discussed by Jdmes Hdlddne, of the Southern Morocco Mission.- Professor Amry Vdndenbosch presents a careful study on "Christianity and Government in the Netherlands Indie…. The important Pdper by Professor Duncan B. Mdcdonald on the medning of Ruh (Spirit) in Islamic Thought, begun in the January issue, is completed in this number. A young Orientalist, Joshua Finkel, writes on "Old Israelitish Trlldition in the Korlln." "'s Islam a Christian Heresy?" is the question discussed by Professor Frank H. Foster of Oberlin.

SUBSCRIBE TODAY « « 156 Filth A,enue Address THE MOSLEM WORLD New Yorlc City Single copies, SOc., Annual Subscription, $2.00; in Combination with the REVIEW, $3.50.

Brilish Represenlell.e_MARSHALL, MORGAN" SCOTT, 12 Pelernoller Buildings, London Price in Greet Brileln, Eight Shilling., nel Why Not Be Informed? If You Wish to Know the Facts About Present Day Missions, THEN READ MISSIONS MATCHING THE HOUR pr.!~I!!~~I~~~~SI~~~~~lety This book sets forth the supreme task of Christians everywhere to mellsure up to the present opportunities and the challenge of the unchanging gospel of Christ in this changing world.

The author states the facts clearly and IIppellls to the Church to recognize its obliglltion. and to do its part in bringing men and women into harmony with Christ.

This very interesting and thought-provoking study of Christian Missions presents Missions Under Fire Abiding Aims and Motives Meeting the Critics The Testimo~J. of Results The Challenge of Secularism Jesus in the World's Mind Today The Church's Need of a World Field HERE IS YOUR OPPORTUNITY TO READ THIS BOOK I Through a special arrangement with the publishers we are H Can Y D It? OW Rellew your OWN .ablerlpllon or IIble to offer readers the opportunity to secure the above 0U 0 book ABSOLUTELY FREE. • lend the REVIEW 10. friend for one year, and a.k u' lor. Ir.e eopy of "MISSIONS MATCHING THE HOUR"

TAKE ADVANTAGE OF THIS OFFER. GOOD ONLY UNTIL MAY 1.

Fill oul order blank below end MAIL AT ONCE MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING COMPANY Date ………………. . 156 Fifth AvenueJ New York City. MISSIONS MATCHING THE HOUR Gentlemen: Enclosed find $2.50 for which pledse send MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD to Ndme …………………………….. . Name …………………………….. .

Address ……. '" …….. '" ………… . Address…………………………… .

The Missionary Review of the World — December 1930

Yo," 00urte8Y oj Tiffany Studios, New o holy Child of

1IIII1I1IIIII1I1I1III1I1I11Il1I1I1lll1lll:1IIl1lll1lll1lll1lll1lll1lll1l1lll1lll1l1lll1lll1lll1l1l1l1l1l111: ~ Remarkable C!Cbri£itma£i <!&fftr T HROUGH a special arrangement with the publishers we are able to offer readers and their friends the oppor- tunity of obtaining the well-known biog- raphy of Dan Crawford Missionary and Pioneer in Central Africa This book is written by Dr. G. E. Tils- ley, F.R.G.S., of Central Africa, and is the Life Story of one of the Greatest Mission- aries since Livingstone. Read what Jean Kenyon Mackenzie says: "The adventures of an ardent youth who at less than twenty was a pioneer in Central Africa and at less than twenty-live was a veteran-and who was known to be among the tribes he served, to the end of his lifty- three years~the like of such material would be hard to lind. Here is no common book and reading of it will have no common ef- fect. Here is the inimitable Dan Crawford speaking in his own deeply moving fashion of the things of Africa."

Would You Like to Read This Book?

Would You Like to Give It to a Friend as a Christmas Gift?

THEN !::: SAVE $2.50 HERE IS AN UNUSUAL OFFER!

A One-year's Subscription to the REVIEw. $2.50} Both for $6.50 Dan Crawford ……………………

You may renew your OWN subscription one year and receive the book OR Give a Christmas gift of a year's sul;Jscription to the REVIEW to a friend and receive the book: DAN CRAWFORD. '

REMEMBER-OFFER GOOD ONLY UNTIL DECEMBER. 25th. SEND YOUR ORDER NOW: "

———— Fill out —— coupon below–and —- mail AT-O-NC-E——— MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING COMPANY, 156 Fifth Avenue, New York City, N. Y.

Gentlemen: Enclosed please find ……….. , .. 'for which please send Missionary Review of the World ta Dan Crawford ta Name ••…. , •………………. , . Name ………………. ~……… .

Address .•…….. , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Address …………………….. .

RETURN THIS COUPON TODAY. TAKE ADVANTAGE OF THIS GENEROUS OFFER.

Please mention THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD in writin£ to advertisers. THE MISSIONARY PERSONAL REVIEW OF THE WORLD FRANK B. KELLOGG was elected a Judge of the World Court on Septem- DIILAVAN L. PIBBSON, Editor ber 17th to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of Charles Evans ARTHUR J. BROWN, lffd£tor lor 1930 Hughes, and on September 25th, he was chosen to serve a full term of nine CONTENTS-December, 1930 years beginning January 1st when the other term expires. He has accepted the Page appointment.

FRONTISPIECE – ALL NATIONS SHALL Though Mr. Kellogg is seventy-four years old, his election was considered COME AND WORSHIP BEFORE THEE.. 884 highly desirable because the Court may be called upon to interpret the Pact A CHRISTMAS MESSAGE ………. . which bears his name. The other Judges ……………. ARTHUR J. BROWN 885 chosen for the nine-year term include nine from Europe, three from Latin YESTERDAYS IN HOME MISSIONS … America and two from the Far East.

• •.•.••.•••.•••.• WII~LIAM R. KING 886 *** WORLD. CONDITIONS AFFECTING THE RT. REV. FRANK W. CREIGHTON, FOREIGN MISSIONS ……….. . D.D., Bishop of Mexico, has been asked by the Presiding Bishop of the Protes- • •••••••.• RALPH E. DIFFIlNDORFER 893 tant Episcopal Church to take over, in addition to his oversight of that mis- GLIMPSES OF THE YEAR IN THE sionary district, the new office of Domes- COUNCIL OF WOMEN FOR HOME tic Secretary at the Church Missions MISSIONS … FLORENCE E. QUINLAN 896 House, and give his organizing and ad- ministrative ability to that task. YEAR'S WORK OF THE FEDERATION EOIFGNWOMMISESNIO'SNSBO.A.R. .D.S. . .O.F. . .F.O. .R.· *** · ………….. FLORENCE G. TtLER 899 DR. WILLIAM NESBITT CHAMBERS' Ju- UP FROM SAVAGERY IN PAPUA …. bilee was celebrated in connection with ………….. DELAVAN L. P.ERSON 903 the annual meeting of the Syria section of the Near East Mission and the Evan- CENTENARY OF AMERICAN PROTES· gelical Union of pastors and preachers, TANT MISSIONS IN CHINA ….. To mark his fifty years of work for the Armenians they planned and carried out • ••..•• KENNETH SCOTT LATOURETTE 912 a delightful service. A sketch of his life was given by one of their number who ONE HUNDRED YEARS OF MORMON· had been associated with him for thirty ISM …….. EDWARD LA"'D MILLS 917 years. At the close they presented him with a cane beautifully inscribed. THE .GRI!lAT WORK OF THE NEAR EAST .RELIEF: WHAT IS TO *** FOLLOW IT? … JAMES L. BARTON 922 DR. TOYOHIKO KAGAWA, eminent Japa- BETHLEHEM'S CHURCH OF THE NA· nese author, Christian saint and social . TIVITY … NANCY VIRG.NIA AUSTEN 926 prophet, is to visit America again next year. He will be one of the speakers at MISSIONS A BACKGROUND FOR the World's Y. M. C. A. Conference, at WORLD PEACE …………… . Cleveland, in August. He has just com- ….. MRS. SCHUYLER C. WOODHULL 929 pleted two books in Japanese, "God and the Gospel of Divine Love," an intro· ANNUAL REPORT – AMERICAN MIS· duction to the New Testament, and SION TO LEPERS ………….. 932 "Meditations About God," of which twenty thousand copies of each have CHINESE REDS BEHEAD WOMEN been printed. MISSIONARIES …………….. 933 TOPICS OF THE TIMES …………. 934 RETROSPECT RETURN OF EDITOR PIERSON DOES GANDHI RSPRESENT ALL INDIA?

METHODS FOR WORKERS ……… . · … EDITED BY MRS. F. I. JOHNSTON 936 WOMAN'S HOME AND FOREIGN MIS. SION BULLETIN …………… 942 WORLD·WIDE OUTLOOK ………… 948 BOOKS WORTH READING ……….. 960 INDEX FOR 1930 ……………… .

TERMS.-$2.1I0 a year. ($2.00 In clnb. ot five.) Foreign postage, 60 cents. Single copie8, 211 cents. Published monthly. Copyrighted, 1930, by M.BBIONARY RIIVIBW PURLISH.NG COil.

PANY, INC. All rights rel'JervOO.

THE MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING OBITUARY COMPANY, INC. DR. JAMES HENDERSON, Principal of ROBIIRT E. SPUR, Pr••iden' Lovedale Missionary Institution, Cape Province, Africa, passed away suddenly WILLIAM I. CHAMBERLAIN, Vice-President at Lovedale, July 19. The high stand- DIILAVAN L. PIIIBSON, 8ecrdaf"'JI ards associated witlr the school have WALTIIB McDOUGA.LL, Trt1aBurer been directly due to the personal influ- ence, the untiring industry and business Publication Ornce, 3d '" Reily St., Harrisburg, ability of Dr. Henderson. He has had Pa. 2lic a cop,.. $2.50 a year. the benefit of the fullest cooperation of his wife, who survives him; and one of Editorl"l and BURlnes. Ornce, 1118 Fifth Avenue, his daughters who is on the staff of the New York Cit,. Institute.

Entered as second·cla•• matter at the Past Ornce. Harrisburg, Pa., under Act ot March S, 1879. Nearly Seven MWlon you buy TODAY •• Dollars in WILL Annuity Agreements SAVE A LIFE TOMORROW Issued By YOUR health tomorrow The Mission Boards of the may depend upon the Methodist Episcopal Church constant and persistent fight WHY? against tuberculosis today.

Because the Annuity Plan Provides: BUY CHRISTMAS SEALS FIGHT TUBERCULOSIS A sound investment A guaranteed income for life A gift to Home and Foreign Missions F or further infortfU}tion write: W. J. ELLIOTT, Treasurer, Board of Home Missions and Church Extension of the Methodist Episcopal Church, 1701 Arch St., Philadelphia, Pa., or MORRIS W. EHNES, Treasurer, Board of Foreign Missions of the Methodist Episcopal Church, 150 Fifth Avenue, New York, N. Y.

Africa Inland Mission URGENTLY NEEDED Headquarters 373 Carlton Ave., Brooklyn, N. Y. A qualified woman missionary physician for a woman's hospital Missionaries, 200; African laborers, in Jhansi, United Provinces, In- 600, preaching and teaching the great dia, to sail not later than January, essentials of the Scriptures in 25 dia- 1931. A short-term worker for lects in East and Central Africa. two or three years would be con- Bible schools, hospitals and many sidered. dispensaries operated. The hope of Africa lies in the knowledge of an Correspondence should be adalmighty Redeemer, of a whole Bible dressed to: and a spirit-filled native ministry. Mrs. F. H. Marston, Candidate Inland Africa and other literature Secretary, Woman's Union mailed free on request Missionary Society of Amer- ica, Room 315, Bible House, AWork of Faith in Dark Africa New York City- Please mention THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF TUII WORLD in writine to advertisers. o little town of Bethlehem, Descend on us, we pray; How still we see thee lie; Cast out our sin, and enter in, Above thy deep and dreamless sleep Be born in us today.

The silent stars go by: We hear the Christmas angels Yet in thy dark streets shineth o The great glad tjdings tell; The everlasting light; come to us, abide with us, The hopes and fears of all the years Our Lord Emmanuel.

Are met in Thee tonight. -Bishop Phillips Brooks.

LIII, No. 12 December

A CHRISTMAS MESSAGE £il.SoCf HthReISdaTyMiAn Smaapnpyrolaacnhdess,- I picture to myself the observance the hymns that will be sung, the prayers that will be offered, the giving and receiving of pres- ents, and the joyous gatherings about family tables. I think too of the longings that will be in many hearts for loved ones far away.

I know that while some will spend the day in happy circumstances, others will spend it in illness or anxiety; but I also know that He who was born in Bethlehem 1900 years ago ever liveth to give just the blessing that each one will need.

Should not the time which we commemorate as the anniversary of the birth of our Lord and Saviour inspire us anew with the joy that His coming meant for the world, give us a richer sense of His companionship, lead us to value anew our fellowship with one an- other in the Gospel as co-workers together with God. No matter what the future may bring, "my God shall supply every need of yours according to His riches in glory in Christ Jesus." Not some of your needs but "every" one; not in scanty measure but "accord- ing to his riches in glory in Christ Jesus." What more can the be- liever ask?

The difficulties that beset missionary work just now are many.

Instead, however, of allowing ourselves to be depressed by them, should we not feel that they constitute a new challenge to our faith?

That eminent Chinese Christian, Chang Po-ling, has well said: "To be sure, it is a discouraging outlook just now. But why should we let go of our faith because things look so bad? If everything looked promising we might do without faith. In discouraging times, when all we see is depressing, is the very time when faith helps most.

Right now is exactly the time to have faith."

In Irvin Bachellor's "Dawn," a historical tale of the days when the Son of God walked upon earth, the principal character, Doris, who had given her heart to Jesus and consecrated her life to His service, said to a scoffer who had declared that Christ's sayings were not original: "I have felt the power of His Word. If His sayings were in the writings of Hillel, they were dead. He raised them from their grave and put life into them and set them traveling through the world. Not all the Legions of Rome can stop them."

Thank God that this was true, and that if all the Legions of Rome could not stop them in the first century, neither can all the powers of earth stop them in the twentieth. Let us face the New Year with serene and unwavering faith in our blessed Lord, and with re- newed confidence in His guiding hand. A. J. B.

885

IN HOME

BY THE REV. WILLIAM R. KING, D.D.

Executive Secretary of the Home lJfi8Sio118 OouncU T HE North American Home tend her sway. Twelve priests Missions Congress in Wash- came with Columbus on his second ington' December 1-5, fur- voyage and began the evangelizanishes a fit occasion for a glance tion of the natives. The romantic backward over the road already story of Roman Catholic missions traveled in our 300 years of home in North America in those early missions history, as well as for a years falls into two parts-the look forward to the great stretches Spanish missions in the South and that are ahead. the French missions in the North. Whatever may be said of the meth- We Americans are so absorbed ods of those early missions, we with our todays and so anxious must admire the devotion and herabout our tomorrows, that we are oism of those Jesuit and Franprone to forget our yesterdays. ciscan fathers, who gave their lives Even churches and mission boards to plant the cross on these shores may become so burdened with pres- and bring the Gospel to the beent tasks and current budgets, and nighted red men of the western so concerned about the problems world. that are ahead, that they fail to remember "the years of the right Protestant Missions in North hand of the Most High." It is well America fall into periods of about for us to stop once in awhile and one hundred years each. The turnrecall the past. The surest cure of ing points are marked by centuries. pessimism in missionary work is a knowledge of missionary history. FIRST PERIOD 1607-1717 Protestantism Comes to America There is nothing more reassur- ing than the history of the plant- Two general causes led to the ing of the Church on these shores, coming of Protestants to America and its triumphant march across -theological controversies, and the continent. It is a romantic and the consequent political persecuthrilling story that will richly re- tions in Europe. These persecuted ward all who read it. The begin- Protestants sought asylum in nings are shrouded in mystery. America, where they could "wor- When, where and by whom the first ship God according to the dictates Christian message was preached of their own consciences, with none on the American continent is only to molest them or make them conjecture. There is a tradition afraid." They settled along the Atthat missionaries from Greenland lantic seaboard from Maine to visited the coast of New England Georgia-English Episcopalians in during the 12th and 13th centuries, Virginia, Puritans in New Engand preached to the natives. land, Dutch in New York, and Quakers in Pennsylvania. Crude The discovery of America by homes were built, little churches Columbus in 1492 marks the his- were erected, and a primitive civitoric beginning of Christian mis- lization was begun. The people sions on this continent. Rome took were scattered and hard to reach. advantage of the discovery to ex- 886

YESTERDAYS IN HOME MISSIONS

Missionary activities during this The more earnest among these first century were confined to the pioneer preachers made tours into Indian tribes and the scattered set- the outlying regions and up and tlers along the Atlantic coast. down the rivers, preaching to little Among the more noted preachers groups here and there in the wil- to the Indians during this period derness and organizing churches were: Roger Williams (1639)- as they could. Among the more founder of the Baptist Church in noted of the missionaries of this America, John Campanius (1643) period were: Spangenberg (1735) -Swedish Missionary to the Dela- -pioneer Moravian missionary in ware Indians, Megapolensis (1642) Georgia, Nitschmann (1735)- -Missionary of the Dutch Re- bishop of the Moravian Church in formed Church to the Indians in Pennsylvania, Muhlenberg (1742) New York, John Elliott (1649)- -Moravian pioneer in Pennsyl- Apostle to the Indians, Francis vania, David Brainerd (1743)- Makenie (1681)-father of Amer- saint and missionary to the Indians ican Presbyterianism, and William of the Delaware, Zeisberger Penn (1682)-Quaker Governor of (1746)-for 62 years missionary Pennsylvania and friend to the In- among 13 Indian tribes of the dians. North, and Otterbein-pietist of the Reformed Church and one of SECOND PERIOD 1717-1817 the founders of the United Breth- Protestant Missions Reach the ren Church in 1800.

Mississippi Early Missions in Canada At the beginning of the eight- Protestant missions began in eenth century, small missionary Canada after the expUlsion of the funds called "Pious Funds" were Arcadians in 1710. The Anglicans established to aid the little were the first to enter, in 1710; churches around New York and then followed the Congregational- Philadelphia. With the establish- ists in 1750; Presbyterians in mentof these funds the second cen- 1764 ; Methodists in 1772; and tury of American Missions may be the Baptists, after one or two vain said to have begun. The first one efforts, became established in was sent over from Scotland by the 1778. These beginnings in New Presbyterians, out of which the Brunswick and Nova Scotia were first home mission grant was made attended by great hardships and in 1717, to the First Presbyterian many discouragements. Ministers Church of New York, worshiping were few and hard to get; the peoat that time in the town hall. ple were scattered; the Roman Catholic Church was firmly en- During this second period, there was no organized Home Missions. trenched. The only work done was by local Among the leaders in the far preachers, who at their own expense and initiative made short north in the 18th century were: itinerations into the regions round William Tutly (1710), Henry Alabout. There were no roads, no line (1770), William Black (1772), means of travel, save on foot or James Murdock (1776), and Nicho- las Pierson (1778).

horseback, or along the rivers in Scotch-Irish Immigration crude canoes, or up and down the Between 1730 and 1770, 500,000 coast in small sailing vessels. Scotch-Irish immigrants settled

in New England, Pennsylvania, terians were strong in the section Southwest Virginia, North Caro- at that time. John B. Finley, the lina, Tennessee and Kentucky. By first presiding elder of the Meth- 1763 a Zone of Presbyterian odists, said in 1812: "The County churches stretched from New Eng- is full of Calvinists and Universal- land to the frontiers of Georgia, ists and the Presbyterian influence and these early pioneers had is so great the Methodists can pushed to the crest of the Alle- scarcely live." The first Reformed ghenies and were beginning to Church in Ohio was organized by push down into the valleys beyond. the Rev. Jacob Christman in 1803.

The first to penetrate the wilder- ness were the "Long Hunters," Organization of Mission Boards followed by the surveyors and then During the latter part of this by the settlers. Four streams of second period of Home Missions in immigrants poured through the North America, there were organ- Mohawk Valley, Southwestern ized a number of missionary agen- Pennsylvania, the valley of Vir- cies for church extension into the ginia, and at:,ound the mountains new regions. One of the first was into Georgia and Alabama. the Society of the United Brethren in 1745. Then followed in order In 1790, the first census of the the Committee of the Reformed United States gave to that section General Synod (1786), Episcopal the following distribution of popu- Committee on Missions (1792), lation: Southwest Pennsylvania 62,218, Western Virginia, 55,873, Missionary Society of Connecticut Kentucky (below Licking River) (1798), Standing Committee on 73,677, and Tennessee (1795) 66,- Home Missions of the Presbyterian 549. Church (1802), Massachusetts Settlement of Ohio Valley Baptist Missionary Society (1809), There were few settlers north and the American Board of Comof the Ohio prior to the Revolution. missioners for Foreign Missions In spite of treaty agreements, (1810) .

England held the forts and incited National Events the Indians against the settlers for ten years after the Treaty of Paris. During the last quarter of the The Ohio Company, formed in Bos- 18th century and the first quarter ton, March 1, 1786, bought the of the 19th, a number of important events took place that radically af- Western Reserve. That year Mari- fected the nation and did much to etta, Ohio, was founded and a Con- make possible the great home misgregational church was organized mionary movements of the 19th with 31 members. Eleven years century. Among them the followlater an academy was founded. By ing were the most outstanding: 1800, 35 of the 103 townships of the Revolution in 1776, the adopthe Western Reserve had 10,000 tion of the Constitution in 1789, people. The census of 1800 gave the Louisiana Purchase in 1802, Ohio Territory 43,365 popUlation. The Methodist circuit riders the Lewis and Clark Expedition in went into this section, and by 1812 1805-6, the opening of free lands had an organized conference with in Ohio, and the War of 1812.

30,000 church members, 69 circuits The outstanding home mission- and 100 preachers. The Presby- aries of the last quarter of the

YESTERDAYS IN HOME MISSIONS

18th and the early years of the "The whole country from Lake 19th century were: Francis Asbury Erie to the Gulf of Mexico is a (1772-1816)-first Bishop and valley of the shadow of death.

founder of American Methodism, Darkness rests upon it. It has more Samuel Doak (1775)-founder of than a million inhabitants, and is Washington College, Tenn., Jona- increasing every day from a than Mulkey, Andrew Baker and mighty flood of emigrants." There Edward Kelly, (1776)-pioneer were, he declared, districts east of Baptist preachers in Southwest the Mississippi, through which he Virginia, Gideon Blackburn (1792- passed, of from 20,000 to 50,000 1810)-apostle to the Cherokees people without a single preacher.

in Tennessee, Bishop McKendree These tours of Mills and his stir- (1800) -second Bishop and co- ring appeals led to the great home worker with Asbury, and Peter missionary movements of the 19th Cartwright (1805)-pioneer Cir- century, and bring us to the next cuit Rider in Tennessee and Ken- great period.

tucky. THIRD PERIOD 1817-1917 Migration Westward With the passing of colonial gov- Home Missions Become National ernment and the organization of Following Mills' reports of the the Federal States Government, religious destitution of the new sec- there began a movement of popula- tions being populated so rapidly, tion toward the West. This was there came into existence within greatly increased by the hard times the next few years several home following the War of 1812. War missionary boards and societies prices, the faIling off in trade, the charged with the responsibility of long embargo, the inhuman law of sending missionaries into the new imprisonment for debt, the burden regions. The Massachusetts and of taxation, and the opening of Connecticut Missionary Society, free land in Ohio, all gave impetus under which Mills labored, was al- to this migration, which for a time ready in existence. Then followed threatened to depopulate the At- the organization of the American lantic Coast states. The roads were Bible Society (1816), Presbyterian lined with wagons and people go- Board of Home Missions (1816), ing West. Missionary and Bible Society of Samuel J. Mills the Methodist Episcopal Church The missionary pathfinder of (1819), American Sunday School that period was Samuel J. Mills, Union (1824), American Tract So- the first great apostle to the south- ciety (1825), Congregational Home west. Disappointed in not being Missionary Society (1826), Amer- able to go to the foreign field, he ican Missionary Society of the Re- gave himself to the study of con- formed Church (1826), Board of ditions in his own country. In 1812 Domestic Missions of the Reformed and 1813, he made two journeys Church in America (1831), and from his home in Connecticut as American Baptist Home Mission far west as the Mississippi, and as Society (1832).

far south as New Orleans. Upon The first missionary to labor be- his return to the East, he pled for yond the Mississippi was Salmon missionaries to be sent to the great Giddings, who went out under the and growing southwest. He said: American Board in response to an

appeal from an earnest Presby- the Latter Day Saints, have been terian layman in St. Louis. On the subject of books, magazine November 17, 1817, he organized articles, and missionary literature the First Presbyterian Church of in large abundance. St. Louis, which is the oldest Prot- . Then followed the Bidwell party estant Church west of the Missis- In 1841, the Donner party in 1846, sippi with continuous history and and the gold rush to California in the mother of Protestantism in 1849. For a half century these mithat great western region. This grations kept up until the entire was the beginning of the great West was peopled. century of organized Home Missions, which was to see the Church Church Extension firmly planted throughout the con- During the last century, home tinent and even as far north as missionary work was largely de- Point Barrow, Alaska. nominational church extension. It consisted almost entirely in the On the Trail of the Covered Wagon planting of churches in the new Following closely upon the or- territories and in the effort to keep ganization of these mission boards up with the population in its westbegan the great trek of the Covered ward march. The Church, during Wagon across the continent. One those romantic years, was on the . hundred years ago this year, that trail of the Covered Wagon. As romantic movement began. On new territories were opened up and April 30, 1830, the first wagoners new communities settled, the misstarted from St. Louis, led by W. sionaries planted churches. In fact, L. Sublette, with a caravan of some of these early missionary twelve wagons, twelve head of cat- pioneers, like Marcus Whitman, tle for food, and eighty-one men. were colonizers and active promot- ers of western migration. Whit- About this time there sprang up man's great feat in crossing the that strange cult of Mormonism, Rockies with a covered wagon and which has played such a prominent opening up the Oregon trail to the part in home mission history for a Northwest is an outstanding excentury. Originating with Joseph ample of the place of the home mis- Smith, in New York State one hun- sionary in the early history of the dred years ago this year (1930 ) , West. The history of the West and passing through successive during the first half of the 19th stages in Illinois and Missouri, it century cannot be written without finally found its permanent home giving a large place to those brave in Utah. On July 24, 1847, Brig- home missionary adventurers who ham Young, and his band of work- with unsurpassed courage endured ers and travel-weary pilgrims, the hardness of those rough and stood on a foot hill of the Wasach primitive days, while planting the Mountains, overlooking the great Salt Lake Valley, and exclaimed: Church on the plains, in the moun- "This is the place." Soon after, tains and in the frigid regions of home missionaries began their Alaska. Immigration work among the Mormons of Utah.

The story of its sufferings, the ro- Another movement, which mance of its migration, the re- mightily affected Home Missions markable growth of the Church of and added to the responsibilities of

YESTERDAYS IN HOME MISSIONS

our Home Mission Boards during testify to the work of the faithful this great missionary century, was home missionary of the 19th cen- the coming of foreigners. From tury.

1821-1910, there came to America Women, from the beginning, from Europe a total of 27,870,598 have been in the forefront of all people. Prior to 1882, most of missionary activity, both home and these came from Northern and foreign. Their work was carried Western Europe. After that date, on for many years in connection immigration came largely from with the so-called "men's boards"

Southern Europe. In 1920, the for- of the various denominations. The eign-born from southern and south- first woman's home mission board western Europe numbered about or national society was organized 5,000,000. This influx of popula- in 1877. Since that date, women's tion introduced many new and dif- home mission boards have been or- ficult problems for the Church, as ganized in many of the denomina- well as for the State. Three-fifths tions. The women's boards have of them settled in New England always been interested particularly and the Middle Atlantic states, in specialized types of work, such very largely in the cities, thus cre- as schools, hospitals, social centers, ating both city and industrial prob- and for special groups of un- lems. Missions among the new privileged peoples, such as the Americans have played a large and Indians, Mountaineers, Mormons, important part in Home Mission Alaskans, Negroes, Migrants, Mex- work during this third period. icans and Orientals.

With the Spanish-American War FOURTH PERIOD-1908 in 1898, the West Indies, Cuba, Santo Domingo, Haiti, and Porto Home Missions Become' Cooperative Rico were added to our Home Mis- Not quite a quarter of a century sion responsibility. For 300 years, has passed of this present period, these Islands had been under the but enough has been accomplished rule of Spain and the dominance of in the line of interdenominational the Roman Catholic Church. comity and cooperation to indicate The list of men and women of the new trend in Home Missions.

this heroic period of Home Mis- There is, without question, a "new sions is too large to include in this Home Missions," and the chief brief outline; it would require characteristic of it is cooperation.

pages even to list them. Among The old time rivalry is passing. A the most outstanding names of the new spirit is dominant. Denomina- period were: Bishop William Tay- tional boards are no longer com- lor, Lee, Whitman, Spaulding, Mc- peting as they once did in church Beth, Cooke, Harwood, Jackson, extension, or denominational ex- McFarland, Young, and Kemper. pansion; they are cooperating in The record of their accomplish- a constantly developing team work ments can never be adequately for the conquest of America for written. Today, thousands of Jesus Christ and His Kingdom.

churches, hundreds of thousands of Twenty-seven of the major de- church members, a vast host of nominations, and thirty~three consecrated, able ministers and home mission and church extension teachers, and a magnificent civili- boards are constituent members of zation west of the Mississippi, all the Home Missions Council.

During these first twenty-two North American Home Missions years of cooperative home mis- Congress, and the adjustments of sions, much has been accomplished. churches in small communities by Intensive surveys have been made mergers and exchanges so as to of the home mission fields, a num- eliminate competition and make it ber of states have organized home possible for every community to missions councils, territories have have an adequate ministry of the been allocated to the different de- Gospel. nominations, specific mission enterprises have been undertaken The most outstanding single jointly, important conferences have event in the history of American been held, and many other lines of Home Missions will be the North cooperative missions have been fol- American Home Missions Congress lowed. in Washington, D. C., in December of this year (1930). It will be the In addition to the regular going first time the denominations have program of the Home Missions ever gotten together for such an extended and thorough study of Council, there has been in full op- the common task of Home Miseration for the past three years sions. It will be for Home Missions the Five Year Program of survey what the Jerusalem Conference and adjustment consisting of five was for Foreign Missions. Just points-the organization of coun- what it will mean to the cause will cils in states and regions where be seen later; it should mark an there are none, the every commu- epoch and usher in a new day. nity survey of every state, the INDIAN VERSION OF 23RD PSALM As Translated from Indian Sign Language T HE Great Father above a I'll be afraid not, for it is in there Shepherd Chief is, I am His, between those mountains that the and with Him I want not. Shepherd Chief will meet me, and He throws out to me a rope, and the hunger I have felt in my heart the name of the rope is Love, and all through this life will be satis- He draws me, and He draws me, fied. Sometimes He makes the love and He draws me to where the rope into a whip, but afterwards grass is green and the water not He gives me a staff to lean on. dangerous, and I eat and lie down satisfied. He spreads a table before me with all kinds of food. He puts Sometimes my heart is very His hand upon my head and all the weak and falls down, but He lifts "tired" is gone. My cup He fills it up again and draws me into a till it runs over. good road. His name is wonderful. What I tell you is true. I lie not. These roads that are "away ahead" Sometime, it may be very soon, will stay with me through this life, it may be longer, it may be long, and afterward I will go to live in long time, He will draw me into a the "Big Tepee" and sit down with place between mountains. It is the Shepherd Chief forever.- dark there, but I'll draw back not, Presbyterian Advance.

CONDITIONS AFFECTING

MISSIONS BY THE REV. RALPH E. DIFFENDORFER. D.D.

Secretary 01 the Board of Foreign Missions of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and Ohairman oj the Committee of Reference and Counsel of the Foreign Missio-Its Oonference of NQrth Amef'10d ANY general statement with It is becoming increasingly clear reference to a movement that to far-sighted church leaders that is as world wide and varied the budget system of financing For- as Foreign Missions must, of ne- eign Missions is throwing the cessity, be subject to apparent limi- world mission of Christianity out tations and to possible correction. of perspective in the life and There are some in certain circles thought of the Church. In a world who cannot think of Foreign Mis- that is rapidly becoming a neigh- sions without raising questions re- borhood and will more and more garding its postulates-those fun- come to a common mind, the ex- damental principles which have pression of the Christians of a been the driving power of one of great country like the United the greatest single movements of States cannot much longer be con- modern times. There is no need fined to the small percentages now to consider these questions here, being set aside for Foreign Mis- except to point out that the unique sions in so-called unified budgets.

place of Jesus Christ as Lord and All over the country, questions are Saviour, of the religion which He being raised as to whether or not helped to establish, the Church the meager basis on which Foreign which He called into being, and the Missions are now being financed fellowship and life of which He is will ever bring the world to Christ.

the dynamic center, during recent The comparison of the total gifts months have been the subject of for Foreign Missions with the total more thought and meditation and expenditure of the churches in the prayer than possibly anything else United States shows such a piti- in the religious field. fully small proportion that one This is a good sign, for it is wonders whether the Church is ac- showing that the world mission of tually exercising its most states- Christianity in the future must manlike vision.

have a basis that is entirely defen- While definite figures are not sible intellectually and, at the same available, apparently the Roman time, arouse those definite emo- Catholic Church realizes the strat- tions and attitudes which give any egy of strengthening and extend- crusade its motive power. Con- ing its work throughout the world tacts with rei i g i 0 us leaders in the years following the World throughout the United States dur- War. Its missionary expansion has ing the past year lead me to feel been extraordinary, and one is con- that the spiritual basis of the world tinually impressed with its appar- mission of Christianity is of more ent unity of purpose, its inclusion concern today than ever before. No of the whole world in its activities, survey of Christian activity in and the loyal support given to its America can pass by this factor missionary enterprises. One never without notice. hears, at least on the surface, any 893

quarrel between "home and for- tinent but now the continent of eign" interests. Indeed there is no twentieth century opportunity; the such thing as a foreign mission as upheavals in Latin America; the a little segment of the life of a aggressive propaganda from Rus- "home base." Foreign Missions sia; Japan's concern over "danger- are conceived as propagating the ous thoughts"; the urge for free- faith and establishing the whole dom in the Philippines ;-not to life of the Church in foreign fields. recount the happenings in Europe Some strategy of this sort needs and in the United States. What now to be adopted by Protestant- concerns us is the effect of these ism. conditions upon the world mission Of even greater importance, the of Christianity.

Christian movement is now con- Rapid transportation, increased fronted with a worldwide spread of facilities for communication, the secularism, the core of which is gradual spread of the scientific the propaganda for materialistic point of view through modern edu- Communism. In some respects this cation, and, more especially, the is the greatest missionary move- rapid penetration of western in- ment in the world today, calling dustry and commerce into all the forth more' enthusiasm, devotion world are some of the powerful and self-sacrifice on the part of influences that lie back of what persons, and the spending of more are commonly called "disturb- money than almost any other simi- ances." Russia's efforts to raise up lar movement in modern times. a nation without religion, indeed The strategy here seems to be tak- antagonistic to all religion, must be ing into account the increasing reckoned with. Her doctrines are unity of the world in which we spreading like a praIrIe fire now live with propaganda methods throughout the Orient, Africa and adapted to modern life. Its in- Latin America. In Europe and the fluence is to be found everywhere. United States, they are challeng- Facing these two factors, the ing our complacency.

Protestant mISSIOnary societies Largely because the causes are throughout the world are finding so deep and so fundamental, these themselves increasingly embar- national struggles are sweeping be- rassed and unable to press the ad- fore them old traditions, old habits vantage which the present day of- of doing things, old ways of mak- fers. Difficulties seem to discourage ing a living, the sanctions of an- rather than to incite to greater ac- cient religions, and the hold of tivity and more sacrifice. old-time family control. Vast mul- There is no need to repeat here titudes of hitherto contented and the details of the political, social, inaccessible people are gradually, economic and moral upheavals now sometimes swiftly, taking on new rampant in one way or another, in attitudes toward life. The desire practically all countries of the for the abundant life has seized world: nationhood struggling for multitudes.

existence in China; the Nationalist Quite naturally, these world- movement toward independence in wide unsettled conditions create an India; the revolution in Mexico; extraordinary challenge to the Gos- the new Turkey; the awakening pel of Jesus. National preachers of Africa, no longer the Dark Con- everywhere are writing of evangel-

WORLD CONDITIONS AFFECTING FOREIGN MISSIONS

istic opportunities. Their helpers, ly into a group of modern nations. our missionaries, are calling for Most outstanding of all is Kagareenforcements. wa's "Kingdom of God Movement" Stanley Jones writes about "a in Japan. With his deep, personal, new seriousness" in India. He says Christian experience and his social that for the first time in his ex- passion and vision, the world may perience educated Indians are see realized in this day the larger doubting the hitherto unquestioned evangelism; that is, personal and place of religion in their life. social redemption.

The revolution in Mexico has It is a summons, the like of which the churches in the United gained for the lawabiding evan- States and Europe may not again gelical forces in the Republic a new hear in this generation. This is standing and a new dignity. They the summons to the larger evannever had such an opportunity to gelism, to which Dr. John R. Mott present the evangelical message referred in his address at the Refreely and openly, especially to the gional Retreat Conference near educated groups. Vincente Men- Peiping, China, in April, 1929: doza's recent evangelistic experience in San Luis Potosi can be re- "During my recent journeys, peated in every capital city of which have taken me to all but one Mexico. of the continents of the world, I have everywhere heard in unmis- To launch a five-year evangelistic movement under present conditions takable terms the summons to a in China not only shows the lead- larger evangelism. By larger evanership, the perseverance and deep religious insight of the Chinese gelism I have in mind not only the Christians, but challenges more numerical or quantitative aspect of than ever our fullest support. the subject, but also, and ~ven more, the intensive or qualitative. What certain agricultural mis- Expressed quite simply, this means sionaries are doing in a limited to make Jesus Christ known, loved, way can be repeated anywhere in trusted, obeyed and exemplified in Africa, and must be repeated if individual life and in humanrela- Africa is to develop sanely and ful- tionships."

A MISSIONARY'S PRAYER God of the far-flung Mission lines, grant us who serve Thee in the remote places patience. So much to be done, so few the hands, so short the time. Our souls are on leash-we struggle so.

Forgive us, whose eyes and hearts are full of the vision of the waiting need, if at times we question and doubt–question whether really the Church whose ambassadors we are wants US to advance when the opening ways offer limitless opportunities-doubt sometimes in our weariness of heart.

o Lord, stir Thou the hearts of Thy people at home, young and old-the old that they may give now in this day of Africa's awaiting-the young that they may rise up and say, "Here Lord, am I-send me!"

Our trust is in Thee. As, in Thy name, we have claimed individuals, families, and groups for Christ here in this land, so do we now, 0 God, lay a claim upon individual families, and groups in the homeland, that in this new decade they may dedicate themselves anew to Thee and to Thy Kingdom. With no obstacles before us, 0 may there be none behind!

So we pray, 0 Sovereign God, for Thy blessing upon all of us, and we confidently expect the evidence of Thy guidance and Thy power back in the Church where Thy servants live and work.

Forgive us, Father, if we have been cold, indifferent, dull of heart. In mercy forgive us all our sin. In the Master's name. Amen.-The Drum Call, Elat, West Africa.

OF THE YEAR IN THE

OF WOMEN FOR HOME MISSIONS BY MISS FLORENCE E. QUINLAN E{Cccutiv8 Secretary of the Oouncil oj Women for Home Missions Among Migrants educational problems render most I N 1920, eight women's boards interesting this comparatively new started to function cooperative- sphere of activity. ly in work among the migrant Not a small part of the service family groups in canneries and on is the continuous study of the whole truck farms in the United States. migratory problem and the con- This took the form of a cross be- stant stimulation of local and re- tween a day nursery and a Chris- gional groups to realize the prob- tian social center with clubs for lem and to initiate work in their older boys and girls and mothers. own districts. To the owner at one Beginning in the Chesapeake area, of our stations came the inspira- after a few years work was opened tion for a thorough-going research on the Pacific Coast, and during into the social and educational the past year in Colorado. Fifteen problems of migrant children boards are now financially cooper- through the creation of a research ating. fellowship, and so the young girl During this year, there have who had been executive for two been a score of 'stations: in Cali- summers at the center, a student fornia among Mexicans in lettuce from Winthrop College, South Car- and cantaloupe in the Imperial Val- olina, is doing graduate work at ley, in cotton in San Joaquin Val- Rutgers University, specializing in ley, groups in Kingsburg and Fowl- sociology, the migrant station her er among fourteen nationalities laboratory for developing an edu- including Orientals, working in cational program for migrant chil- asparagus in the Sacramento Val- dren.

ley, and white Americans in apri- In 1919, a survey conservatively cots at Hemet; in Oregon among estimated a thousand trained work- white Americans in hops, and ap- ers as needed properly to reach the ples in the Hood River Valley; in farm and cannery migrants. Since Colorado among Mexicans in sugar then, the number of these has beets; in Maryland and Delaware greatly increased. Is the Church among Poles in tomatoes, beans keeping pace with this increasing and apples, and Negroes in beans, privilege and responsibility?

tomatoes and sweet potatoes; in Among Indians New Jersey among Italians in blue- berry fields and cranberry bogs. A recent report of the Joint Problems of racial and national Committee on Indian Work of the Home Missions Council and the differences, of languages, of nomi- Council of Women for Home Misnal religious affiliation with non- sions summarizes some Indian evangelical churches, lack of ad- items as follows: justment between old-world cus- In a recent article on the American toms and new-world methods, and Indian there is the statement that economic, industrial, social, health, 896

THE COUNCIL OF WOMEN FOR HOME MISSIONS

probably never has there been a race cational training of the boys and girls since time began who have passed in order that they may be economical- through such a series of life-changing ly independent after school, in de- experiences as have confronted North veloping native leadership by giving American Indians in the last three Indians real responsibility, and in pro- hundred years; to-day this race is moting all activities in such a way as being plunged into still another trans- will call forth self-expression from formation. Secretary of the Interior the·se people who have become so timed Wilbur announced a new policy for the and non-aggressive. Professor Ryan, Indian Bureau. "The Indian," he said, himself a devoted Christian, believes "should be developed into a self-re- that the religious and secular work specting American citizen merging must go hand in hand if the Indians gradually with the stock of the nation. are to be rehabilitated.

He should not be regarded indefinitely Organization of an Indian Service as a ward, but should individually be Committee of the Joint Committee to prepared for life among the rest of act as liaison body between ,mission us." Following this statement, and boards and the Government, and the the appointment of Mr. Charles J. mission boards themselves, has been Rhoads and Mr. J. Henry Scattergood effected.

as Indian Commissioners, the public Perhaps the most outstanding prog- has been demanding immediate re- ress in our work in government schools forms in Indian policy and Indian ad- this year has been the working out of ministration. Many have not realized a program of religious education for that the Indian question and Indian Sherman Institute, Riverside, Cali- Bureau are far too involved and com- fornia, largest of schools for the In- plicated to make rapid changes pos- dians. The superintendent signified sible . . . Certain fine achievements his willingness, when a plan for week- should be recognized. day courses in religious education was The Deficiency Bill, providing ad- presented, to give the necessary time ditional money for food and clothing and school credit. The courses began among Indian children and medical in January and have brought forth work among all Indians, has been much favorable C'omment both from passed. Many intricate legal matters the school authorities and the local are being studied in the attempt to committee in Riverside. Nineteen old- simplify them. Emphasis is being er boys and girls taking the teachers'

placed upon vocational training for training course were given practical young Indians, several experts having teaching experience through Sunday- been appointed for this work. school classes of younger children.

Mr. M. A. Welch has been placed in Four scholarships have been secured, the Twin Cities (Minneapolis-St. two of these for Hopis, the first boys Paul) as Guidance and Placement Of- of their tribe to receive higher educa- ficer. Mrs. Ruth Muskrat Bronson, in ti'Oll.

Kansas ,City holds a similar position The Meriam Survey emphasized as for girls. Dr. W. Carson Ryan, Jr., a one of the outstanding needs of In- noted educationalist, has accepted the dians that of associating with white position of Director of Education in people and learning to be at ease with the Indian Service, a matter of deep them. Our Director at Sherman has satisfaction to all. He favors remov- made a great point of bringing groups ing the younger children from board- of white people to the school and of ing schools as quickly as possible and taking the Indian boys and girls to placing them in day schools, using conferences and camps where they the boarding schools for higher and have learned to know friendly white vocational training. He believes in a students. At the request of the school, more highly trained personnel for the Mr. Burnett organized the first Boy entire service, in more thorough vo- Scout troops. He has acted as "Big 2

Chief." These boys have performed the Student Departments of the Y. many helpful pieces of community M. C. A. and Y. W. C. A., the Counwork, and some thirty of them at- cil of Church Boards of Education, tended a Boy Scout camp last summer and the Student Volunteer Movewhere they won special recognition ment. In May, the exchange of for good sportsmanship and efficiency. thought was based upon "A Stu- There was no race prejudice evinced dent's Faith for Today," the leader by either the white or Indian boys. dividing students into four groups: those with an authoritarian back- The program at the Theodore Roose- ground; indifferent satiated stuvelt School, Fort Apache, Arizona, has dents; those in violent reaction to also developed most satj,sfactorily. their background; and skeptical, Many of these children who come from puzzled but reasonably openmindmost primitive conditions have shown ed students. In September, the dismarked signs of development. Some cussion was on the "Basis of Servhave even gone so far as to get up in ice for Students," emphasis being their meetings and ask for a song or laid upon the need to talk to stua game. This is a real achievement for dents as belonging to the human these silent, shy children. Two of the race, not different from others. girls attended a Girl Reserve conference in Arizona this summer. The Of late years it is increasingly girls had never experienced anything realized that Home Missions so wonderful in all their young lives, should be concerned with and reand the white girls felt a great in- lated to not only the religious and spiration in knowing intimately two racial problems and needs of the girls of the red race. nation, but also to the social and industrial. The Students-in-Indus- We see progress here and there in try project provides opportunity developing religious leadership among for a number of students thinking the young people. Haskell Institute, of full-time home mission service, Lawrence, Kansas, had 120 in its especially Christian social service, teachers' training course last year. to have first-hand contact with con- The director is now asking for pro- ditions in industry. Among the orvision for more study for those who ganizations represented in this wish to train themselves for religious project are the Student Departleadership among their people. We have not as yet been able to appoint ments of the Y. M. C. A. and Y. the two directors needed for the stu- W. C. A., the Federal Council of dents of Oklahoma, but are hoping the Churches of Christ in America, very much that this urgent need will American Friends Service Combe met during the coming year. mittee, Council of Church Boards of Education, Fellowship of Recon- Among Students ciliation, and the Council of Women for Home Missions. The Federated Student Committee, which meets three times a The Council of Women for Home year, is the clearing house for Missions is glad to receive names plans and policies of organizations of students-prospective missionthat approach women students, be- ary workers-who would like to ing composed of the committees on acquire personal experience in instudent work of the Federation of dustry as a basis for future service. Woman's Boards of Foreign Missions, the Council of Women for Home Missions, representatives of

YEAR'S WORK OF THE FEDERATION

WOMEN'S BOARDS OF FOREIGN MISSIONS BY FLORENCE G. TYLER Ea:ccutlve Secretary 0/ the F eaerati on 01 Wom r,t.n's ROMds of Forefon Missions 01 North America.

I N REVIEWING the work of pher's College, while Isabella Tho- the Federation of Woman's burn College prepares its students Boards of Foreign Missions of to vie for honors with the men North America for the past year students of Lucknow University, the high lights are perhaps the the women capturing at least a fair work of the Committee on Chris- share of the honors. The Women's tian Literature for Women and College of Tokyo has the largest Children in Mission Fields and enrollment, numbering 400 stu- the World Day of Prayer. Deep dents this year. It has a faculty interest has centered for years com})osed almost entirely of na- around the seven Union Christian tionals, with only five or six Amer- Colleges for Women in the Orient, icans on the staff. Its graduates which have all been able to pur- are serving in almost every field.

sue their courses of study unin- terruptedly in spite of disturbed conditions in China and India.

Ginling College has continued its work in Nanking, the storm cen- ter of the country, under the able leadership of Dr. Yi-fang Wu, the President and successor to Mrs.

Lawrence Thurston who gave DR. YI-FANG WU. PRESIDENT OF wonderful years of service toward GINLING COLI.EGE the building up of the college, and who, more than any other The Federation has played a large person, is responsible for the splen- part in building up and holding the did leadership it has produced. interest of American women in Mrs. Thurston continues at Ginling these colleges, turning into their in an executive capacity, glvmg coffers annually thousands of dol- valuable aid and counsel in the lars, though carrying none of the Department of Education. responsibility for their operation Mrs. Frame has returned to Yen- or actual maintenance.

ching after a year's absence, and In student centers in America, that College continues its work in another committee of the Federa- close cooperation with Yenching tion has been stimulating interest University, in Peiping. in the foreign students who are The India colleges are filled to making their homes temporarily capacity. Vellore is proceeding on in our country, during the period its building program. Madras is in which they are preparing for devoting itself more exclusively to lives of usefulness in their own science and the arts, having given countries. Ten thousand of these over its educational department to students of approximately 80 na- the child of its heart, 8t. Christo- tionalities are forming their im- 899

pressions of so-called "Christian sciousness and the group spirit are America." To have the opportunity built up, while extensive opporof entertaining them in our homes, tunity for the propagation of the and of knowing them as friends Christian religion abounds in the and guests, is one of the greatest all day contact. opportunities ever placed at the doors of the Christian Church, or An interesting study of the at the doors of a people who desire problems of the missionary candithe friendship of the world. The date before going to the field and Foreign Student Committee of the in the first years of work is· being Federation has done a great deal in made by the Committee on Mis- sionary Preparation. The Comthe past year in cementing these mittee will make an effort by the international friendships and giv- case work method, to find why a ing these students, in different cen- goodly number of missionaries do ters all over the country, the oppor- not return after their first furtunity of seeing a Christian home lough; also what preparation is at its best. given to candidates to meet the special problems of the country to The efficacy of the missionary which they go and how much they work of many denominations has know of the cultural backgrounds been increased by making better of the people to whom they are exsocial conditions possible for young pected to minister. The Committee is headed by Mrs. Agnes C. L.. Christians through economic bet- Donohugh of the Hartford School terment. Industrial workrooms have played quite a part in this of Missions. program. To produce marketable Through its Committee on Intergoods at a reasonable price and to find a market for these productions national Relations the Federation has taxed the ingenuity of many stimulates attendance at the anof the missionaries who are deeply nual conference on the Cause and interested in this branch of work. Cure of War, and brings to the at- On the Federation's Industrial tention of mission boards matters Products Committe there are four referring to Peace, Arbitration, women who have had first hand ex- Moving Pictures and Race Relaperience in this line of work in China, and a number of others who tions. have seen these workrooms in oper- The Central Committee on the ation. These women are working through the Federation's Commit- United Study of Foreign Missions, tee toward some degree of stand- while somewhat independent in orardization of this industry. They ganization, its members being aphope to turn the efforts of such in- pointed by the cooperating Boards, dustrial missions toward the type is nevertheless avery vital part of of product most saleable here and the Federation. For thirty years to open new markets for their it has been putting out books for goods in this country. the study of Foreign Missions. This year's books-"A Cloud of Those whose experience is first Witnesses," by Elsie Singmaster, hand tell us that much beside eco- and "The Treasure Hunt," by Mrs. nomic betterment is accomplished Seeback-have had splendid' sales through these workrooms. Neat- and wide use. "A Cloud of Wit- ness is engendered, group con- nesses" will be used as source ma- terial for some time to come. The

FEDERATION OF WOMEN'S BOARDS OF FOREIGN MISSIONS

Central Committee has also pub- magazine reaches approximately lished this year a number of books one million readers, ranging all the for little children, telling of child way from the smallest children in life in many lands in such a way as homes and schools to the soldiers in to have a vital influence on interna- the trenches. It is literally read tional friendship among children. to tatters.

Through the income from these Some years ago, a little boy study books this committee has about twelve years old, who had been able during the past year to just learned to read in one of our render financial aid to the Commit- mission schools in India, came in- tee on Christian Literature for to a mission station begging for women and children in mission "something to read." The mission- lands, and to the Foreign Mission ary searched high and low and Institute at Chautauqua, as well could find nothing to give him but as to the Federation itself. Its the Gospel of Luke and a treatise chief book for 1931-1932, "Christ on smallpox. Today, the India mis- Comes to the Villages," will be sionary can offer The Treasure edited by Mrs. Frederick G. Platt, Chest in English and in six vernac- well known to readers of mission- ulars-Tamil, Maharathi, Guger- ary literature, and will contain ac- athi, Hindi, Urdu, and Telegu- counts of rural work written by while a new edition in Bengali has rural missionary experts in various just been voted by the Committee, fields. together with one in Burmese.

Through its Committee on Chris- Mouhit furnishes reading material tian Literature for Women and for the children of Turkey, and a Children in Mission Fields, the new and enlarged Child Life comes Federation is making possible an to boys and girls in Korea through increasing supply of good litera- aid given by the Christian Litera- ture in China, India, Japan, Bur- ture Committee. Antorcha (The ma, Korea, Turkey, Mexico and Missionary Torch), through the South America, and plans have aid of this Committee, can now been laid whereby its newest ven- reach a wider constituency among ture will be a magazine for the the women of Mexico, and news of African home, of which Miss Jean help and subsidy has just been MacKenzie will be the editor. sent to Guia del H ogar (Guide to This year a campaign for $25,- the Home) -a magazine put out 000 has been launched, which will for one thousand women of seven- enable the Committee to fill up its teen denominations federated for book tables on these countries, and Christian Citizenship and the ob- furnish a more adequate supply of servance of the World Day of reading matter for young and old. Prayer in the Argentine. As a re- While the budget of the Committee sult of the special offering in con- last year did not quite total $10,- nection with the World Day of 000, even this is a big increase Prayer in the United States, the over the early years when the Federation was able to pay over meager sum of $300, gotten to- $4,000 to the work of the Christian gether with great difficulty, was Literature Committee.

used to publish the first numbers of There have been many interest- Happy Childhood for little Chinese ing developments in this field of boys and girls. Today, that little Christian Literature during the

past year, but nothing in all the gifts, and accounts of observance work of the Federation can ap- after the day is over, the making proach the thrill which has come of the program, the planning for to all of those who are closely in authors of the program, the call, touch with the ever increasing ob- the consecration service, the printservance the world around of the ing, and the written accounts, keep Day of Prayer. It is one of the this great day before the Federamost thrilling events in the history tion throughout the year, Federaof the Christian Church. tion travellers who visit foreign lands become messengers carrying At first, the women of America prayed for the women of the world. the news of -the day and its observ- N ow they pray with the women of ance to the four corners of the the world. For approximately earth. forty hours, beginning in the Far East early in the morning, and The observance of this day has ending where the Far West meets brought the Federation in touch the Far East late at night, the with hundreds of local interdecycle of prayer continues. Austra- nominational groups meeting in lian, Chinese, Japanese, Hindu, towns and cities all over the United Persian, Syrian, Turk, African, States for the performance Qf tasks Czech, Canadian, New Englander, which can be done better by church Mountaineer, Porto Rican, Cuban, women working together. The Brazilian, Chilian, Peruvian, Ar- Federation, in cooperation with gentinian, Mexican-all are one the Council of Women for Home that day and all are bound by one Missions and the National Council great chain of prayer around the of Federated Church Women, has feet of God-prayer for a better endeavored to reach these groups world, prayer for better Chris- with the interdenominational detians, prayer for higher service. velopments of Christian missions, and stimulates their interest in the Early in the year, mimeographed copies of the program are sent to causes of peace and Christian citithe mission stations of all the zenship. The year has been one of boards. There they are translated progress, and one which, it is and adapted to the particular needs hoped, will lead on to a fuller realiof each country. Preparation for zation of the opportunities which the Day of Prayer, the flood of lie before all who seek to make a better world.

Suppose we scrapped some .of this terrifying and elaborate machinery, the enormous amount of stuff that is written about financial schemes for churches and the organizations of parishes, and began instead to dig down deep into our own hearts to search ourselves; gave up our ambition and our clerical "side," our wire-pulling and our party propaganda, our ecclesiastical bickering and our place-seeking, our catering to wealth and big names, and to what the bishop was going to think if we did something daring, and all the rest of the unholy sham of it, and for once got down to the business of changing lives one by one? Twelve men rocked the foundations of the world because they gave everything to Christ. Time does not change the law of that kind of energy. What could a group on the same ba·sis do today?-S. M. Shoemaker, Jr.

FROM SAVAGERY IN

What We Saw During a Recent Visit to the Kwato Mission BY DELAVAN L. PIERSON TRAVEL LETTER No. 9 I T IS not often that miracles of seaport. Nothing could surpass the transformed heathen communi- natural beauty of the scene–the ties are seen in the lifetime of azure water from the bosom of one missionary. which rose the emerald isles, cov- At Singapore we received the ered with graceful palms and other overwhelming news of the sudden luxuriant tropical foliage waving death of our beloved friend, the in the breeze.

Rev. Charles W. Abel, of Kwato.* With this message we heard the call of God to visit the bereaved family in Eastern Papua, to see the work of which we had heard so much, and to confer with the missionaries as to future plans.

The readjustment of our itiner- ary took us to Kwato by way of the Philippines, the Celebes, and Aus- tralia. This gave us many glimpses of new fields and forces. Great is the contrast we noted between the ancient and decadent civilizations of hoary Egypt, Mesopotamia, and India, and the primitive savage life of New Guinea. The complex ethnic religions of the Hindus and Buddhists present a very different problem from the simple supersti- tions of the Papuans. The political turmoil caused by the national birth throes of China stand out in sharp contrast to the peaceful stag- nation that characterizes tribal CHARLES W. ABEL life in Papua under British con- As we approached the jetty at trol. Kwato in the Mission launch, Marmari II, we saw hundreds of Our first glimpse of Kwato, the brown-skinned figures waiting to tropical isle at the Eastern ex- greet us. There were little girls tremity of the greatest island in clad in grass skirts, and boys in the world, was through the early loin cloths, older women wore a morning mist as we approached skirt or one-piece dress; men were Samarai, the Government seat and "As th e r eaders of 'l' BE REVIEW know, h e clad in shorts or in a simple cloth :;:~~l1lI~tK"'!n'il d~~d arl~~IIJ~~lieln~~~~ il~Dt~'i>.OD wrapped around the waist and 903

reaching to the knees. A cheer went sadness expressed in a letter writup from hundreds of throats and ten later by one of the Papuan hands waved a welcome as we came girls. This shows a depth of feelalong the side of the jetty. What ing unknown here forty years ago. a contrast to the greeting received by Mr. and Mrs. Abel t when they We gathered together under a visited these islands forty years tree near the shore and we were ago! Then Kwato was largely un- welcomed by one of the Papuan healthy swamp land and the people Christians in a brief address, exof the district were fierce and un- pressing their love for the leader friendly cannibals. Fear of the who had gone Home, and their whitefaced, black-footed strangers gratitude to the Heavenly Father incited them to· hostility and a who had answered their prayers in bringing in safety their friends A .WELCOMING PARTY OFPAPUANS-YEARS AGO readiness to kill and feast if op- from America. Thronging around portunity offered. It was in New us were Papuans-signs of their Guinea that James Chalmers and old savage life still seen in the his companions suffered martyr- elaborate tatooing on some of the dom eleven years after the Abels women and in the great distended arrived. Today the Papuans gave ear lobes of men. Their faces were Us a royal welcome such as might attractive, and strong. They are have been that accorded to the Gov- clean, intelligent and friendly. ernor-General or the Prince of Wales. But beneath the joyful ex- The Old Savage Life terior, with cheers, waving banners, and floral decorations, was a What is the pit from which these Christians and Papuans have been tMr. Abel arrived -in New Guinea in 1890, lifted? The worst conditions, in- Ilnd Mrs. Abel two years later. D. L. P. cluding savage warfare, cannibal-

UP FROM SAVAGERY IN PAPUA

ism and heathen orgies, have dis- fare has been abolished in coastal appeared from the coast towns, districts they find little else to do. through the establishment of Brit- The children run wild, like other ish law and the influences of Chris- animals, for parental discipline is tian missionaries, but the remains almost unknown. It is a part of the of primitive heathenism are still philosophy of heathen Papuans evident in villages of the district. that little or no restraint should be The one-roomed houses are built on put on natural desires, unless these piles about four feet from the happen to contravene tribal cusground; underneath are kept the toms. As a result appetites and chief evidences of the owner's sexual instincts are restrained only wealth-if any–'in the form of by lack of opportunity to indulge OUR WELCOMING PARTY OF PAPUAN CHRIS1.'IANS black pigs. Most houses are shaped them. After marriage agreements like a capital A with a high, have been made, the tribal law of peaked, thatched roof and an en- personal revenge punishes unfaithtrance, three or four feet high, ex- fulness, as it does theft. There is tending the width of the house, The no education in a heathen home benarrow verandah in front is yond that relating to tribal cusreached by a rude ladder or by toms, barter, the means of obtainnotches cut in the trunk of a near- ing food, making canoes and buildby tree-stump. Dogs and chickens ing a house. The signs of poverty have their private entrance hole and general squalor in a Papuan reached by an inclined log. village are oppressive. Money is almost unknown, dog's teeth, shells As to occupation, the women at- and produce being the medium of tend to the gardening and the exchange. preparation of food; men make canoes, hunt and fish. Since war- Their clothing is almost nil. A

grass skirt for the women and a trust and fear of the foreigner; meager loin cloth for the men be- heathen customs and superstition; ing deemed sufficient for all, ex- the vices of the natural man; the cepting festive occasions. The hair witch doctor and the tribal chiefs is "teased out" into great bushy who wished to rule supreme, were balls, sometimes eighteen inches or all united to shut out the light. But two feet in diameter, and in this God was with His messengers and the "dandies" stick feathers and gave them courage, power and proflowers. Other ornaments consist tection. At Maivara, a village near of tatoo marks, anklets and brace- the head of Milne Bay, we visited lets of grass, shell or brass. Feath- the place where, in the early days, ers in the hair denote conquest or God intervened to save the life of exploits,-some of them of an un- Charles Abel. He had left his wife savory character. The religious and first born child in the mission faith and life of the Papuans is boat while he went to try to espractically undeveloped. They have tablish a friendly contact with the no conception of God, but believe villagers. He had gone only a short in witchcraft and evil spirits. They distance on shore when a messenseem to have no form of worship, ger from his wife came in haste, but fear the powers of sorcery, asking him to return, as their baby are under the influence of witch was ill. He turned back, and did doctors and believe in some form not gain an entrance to this village of existence after death. until some years later; then he learned that just beyond the point Warfare formerly provided the where the messenger had reached chief occupation for the men, with him a group of hostile natives lay the making of war canoes and in wait to take his life, as others weapons, in addition to the actual had murdered his fellow missionfighting. Cannibalism seems to ary, James Chalmers. Later when have been fostered by a desire for the people learned to know Mr. flesh to eat, of which there is little, Abel they were ashamed of their and by a spirit of revenge on ene- attempt, and today a church, which mies, a glory in manly exploits, they have built, marks the spot and by a belief in the courage that where his enemies lay in wait to enters the heart of the victor who take his life. devours his enemies. In some tribes a boy could not be initiated Near the village of Lamhaga we into a man's estate until he had saw the grave of an old chief who killed and eaten a foe. The degrad- was for a long time a persistent oping dances and sexual license that ponent of the Gospel. He refused accompanied their feasts were to receive the friendly advances of prompted by a desire to stimulate Mr. Abel and warned his people jaded appetites and were used to against the foreign teaching. Later promote communal life. hard times fell upon the village. There was a serious famine and The Change the chief and his people were in want. As Christmas time drew Among such a people it was not near Mr. Abel said to his wife: "I easy to gain an entrance to preach believe the old chief is in need of the purifying Gospel of Christ. food; we will send him a Christ- Every force but one was in league against the early missionaries. Dis- mas gift of rice."

UP FROM SAVAGERY IN PAPUA

This act of kindness astonished by the works of the flesh-"unthe chief and led him to ask: "Why cleaness, lasciviousness, idolatry, did you, whom I have long opposed witchcraft, hatred, variance, emuas an enemy, show me this kind- lations, wrath, strife, seditions, ness?" This question offered a cov- heresy, envyings, murders, drunketed opportunity to witness to the enness, revellings, and such like." love of Christ, who, while we were The Christians, on the other hand, yet sinners, died for us and who show clearly the "fruit of the Spirloved us when we were enemies. it." The old chief's antagonism was ended; he became a "seeker" and WIT H SOME P APUAN CHILDREN later was baptized as a Christian. He advised his people to do the How manifest Christian love is same and at his death said, "I have in their dealings with one another followed the good way, the Jesus and with their white teachers! way. I am going the long road to Their love for Mr. and Mrs. Abel the place He has prepared, and has been shown in countless ways. there is light beyond. It is my wish Bank accounts are kept by the misthat you too shall follow this way sion for Christians who wish to and meet me at the end of the save something from meager earnroad." ings (two to five dollars a month). Once, when Mrs. Abel was not well, On our last Sunday at Kwato we some of the Christians came to ask attended a Communion service at if she could go to. consult a "wise which forty-six Papuans publicly confessed Christ for the first time and united with His Church. Twenty-four of them were the first fruits from the village of this chief. In all nearly a thousand from the villages of Milne Bay, comprising this mission district, have left the old way for the new. In sixteen centers selfsupporting churches have been established and evangelistic work is conducted by the Papuan Christians in thirty different villages of the district.

Are They Converted 1 But are these former cannibals, ignorant savages and their children, truly converted to Christ? Do they become intelligent Christians? "By their fruits ye shall know them." No one can visit Kwato and the outstations without being impressed by the contrast in the lives of the Christians and the lives of their unconverted neighbors. The latter are characterized

man" in Australia. "Yes," said and to keep their "home of the Mr. Abel, "it would be well, but soul" in good condition as a fit such a journey takes many days "temple for the Spirit of God." and costs too much money!" The Many villagers suffer from yaws, leaders went away and consulted a distressing disease, and from with other Christians. Soon they hookworm. Tuberculosis takes a returned, bringing all their bank- heavy toll and they suffer from books, representing their entire other ailments introduced by white savings, "Here," they said, "take men, or due to a limited and insuf- ficient diet, and to unsanitary conthis, and let mother Abel go; do ditions. Consequently, medical not speak any more about the work, education in sanitary laws, training in the care of children and money!" personal hygiene are very impor- There is a spirit of joy among tant. An excellent hospital has been built in Kwato and as soon as the Christians-a natural overflow- a spiritually and medically qualiing of the spirit of happiness and fied doctor and nurse are found, the g~odwill-that is far removed from opportunity for service at Kwato, the unregenerate Papuan. During and extension health work in the our two weeks at Kwato and in the villages and outstations, will be outstations we never heard chil- almost unlimited. Already the dren quarrel' or saw a sign of petu- Christians who have gone back inlance. VVe never heard a harsh or to the villages to live, have set a unpleasant word; all seemed to new standard in house building and dwell together in unity. Their sanitation. The infant mortality games were clean and exuberant, among the Papuans is very high, full of wholesome laughter and about fifty per cent, but mothers good sport. who have learned at Kwato how to care for their babies have been the The Kwato boys and young men objects of much curiosity as they play an excellent game of cricket show heathen mothers the way to and often win from white teams. bathe their children and to care for But they are more than sports- their health. men, they are Christians. Not long ago the Kwato team was invited The intelligence of Papuan to go to Port Moresby and play against the white team there, many Christians is remarkable as comof them Government employees. pared with their heathen neigh- The Governor, Sir Hubert Mur- bors. The children learn readily ray, sent his private yacht to take the mission boys to Port Moresby. and have retentive memories. Pri- They not only played a clean and skilful game of cricket that won mary schools are held in fourteen the admiration of opponents and onlookers, but they followed the stations, all except the higher Saturday game by giving their personal testimonies to Christ at evan- training classes being taught by gelistic services. They told simply what Jesus Christ had done for Papuan teachers. The lower grades them and their fellow Papuans. are taught in the vernacular, but The Papuan Christians are, as a rule, physically clean and strong. since every small district has its They are taught to bathe regularly own dialect, the mission has adopt- ed English, (not pigeon English) as the general means of communi- cation. Technical and teacher

UP FROM SAVAGERY IN PAPUA

training classes are taught entire- for house and boat building and do ly in English. very creditable work. Since a large proportion of South Sea Island It was interesting and inspiring trade is in copra, (dried coconut to hear these children, many from meat), men and women in thirteen heathen homes, reciting perfectly stations are taught how to care for such passages of Scripture as the coconut trees and how to prepare twenty-third Psalm, and fourteenth the meat for copra. A coconut chapter of John. The truth not plantation at Koeabule comprises only finds lodgment in their heads, some eighty acres and is one of the but takes root in their hearts and best in the district. These indusbears fruit in their lives. A letter tries also develop character and infrom one of the older girls, now a dependence, promote self-respect, primary teacher in the village, and enable them to support their shows real spiritual insight and de- own village churches and schools. sires. She sAys, The spiritual development of the Dear Nanna, I want you to pray for Papuans is clearly seen in their me so that I may stand fast in Christ. knowledge of God, their sense of Last year I left the Lord Jesus and, sin, their faith in Christ as their 0, how wonderfully He has led me Saviour, and in thei·r desire to show back to Himself again. So now I am their love and gratitude by witin His fold, and my heart is so full nessing to others, and by bringing of thankfulness to Him, also now I to them also the blessings of the see the wonderful and deep love of Gospel. Christ and so day by day I ask Him to keep me very close to Himself. I The Papuan Christians are not love to know Him more, as Paul the paid for evangelistic work. Every Apostle says, "I know nothing, save Christian is taught that it is his or Christ, and Him crucified." Dear, I her privilege to witness to others pray over and over again that these and to seek to lead them to Christ. words may take root in my heart. Every Sunday lists are posted, giv- ing the names of those who are to Since the pursuits of war and go out to the villages on evangelisthe trades connected with heathen tic assignments. The others pray customs have fallen into -disuse, for these evangelists and great is and since it is desirable to raise the their joy when they return with restandard of living among Papuan ports of souls won to Christ. Christians, the Mission teaches them to be industrious and to work Congregations of Christians for economic betterment. Prac- have been formed at seventeen statically all Papuans cultivate their tions. They have been organized own gardens and fish for food with into churches with elders to care nets or spears· or traps. This fur- for them. These elders are nominishes only a very precarious live- nated by the Christians and are lihood. They have natural mechan- confirmed and consecrated to ofical ability and some artistic talent. fice by the Mission. Their duties The Mission teaches carpentry, are to see that prayer meetings boat building, blacksmithing and and church worship are conducted printing, to young men. They teach regularly, to keep the church rolls, basketry, needlework, weaving, and a record of church attendance, nursing and simple domestic arts to look after the spiritual welfare to women. Mission trained men of the flock, to receive and transare much in demand by Europeans

mit gifts for benevolence and to gifts for us-taru, yams, coco- keep the church buildings in re- nuts, bananas, chickens and grass pair, to do evangelistic work and skirts-to show their good will.

to send out Christians week by These gifts are out of their pov- week on evangelistic assignments erty, not out of their abundance.

to heathen villages in the neighbor- They are very appreciative of any hood. kindness shown. Recently the el- Elders may be deposed from of- ders of the churches of the district fice for lack of faithfulness: for a met and voted that their congrelapse in Christian conduct, or for gations would be ready to contrifailure to rule their households and bute one thousand pounds, ($5,000) keep them in the Christian path. a year for new equipment needed Church members may be suspended at Kwato, Duabo and other staand denied fellowship at the Lord's tions. They have already given one Supper for lapses in Christian thousand pounds a year for two faith or conduct, but they are not years to pay for the plantations dropped and just forgotten, they that are so greatly needed in the are daily prayed for and followed mission work. Now they have ex- pressed a desire to erect a House up until they are brought back of Prayer in Kwato in memory of into the fold. Three of these back- their beloved Taubada (their sliders came back into the church "Great Chief," Father Abel). on our last Sunday in Kwato. One When we note the meager income couple had been prayed for by the on which wage earners subsist (not Christians for two years. more than ten pounds a year for themselves and their families) and The deep interest that these the frugal way in which they live, Christians feel in the spiritual wel- we are put to shame. If American fare of others is shown by a letter, and British Christians would give written while we were at Kwato, in the same proportion, the coffers by one of the Papuan school teach- of the Lord's Treasury would be ers, Labini. She writes to a friend: overfl~wing-and the windows of Heaven wouId be open to :pour I know you remain in love and prayer to God always for us all here. down an abundance of Spiritual I think you would like to know too blessings. about the Christian work of those who go (Jut to witness for Christ. This year three women gave themselves to The Secret Christ; so I want you to pray for During our visit to Papua we them too, that they may be kept true met a number of missionaries, busi- for Christ and grow day by day to ness men, and Government officials, love Him more and more. A few I who had visited Kwato. All exknew some years ago gave themselves pressed admiration over the work to Christ, but n(Jw they live as heathen and workers and wonder at the people live, who never knew Christ as spirit manifested there. The transtheir Saviour. One woman went back formations wrought in this misbecause she believes in tabosima sion are an outstanding example (witchcraft) . of what a Christian mission may The generosity of Papuans is accomplish. The secret seems to be little short of phenomenal. At va- threefold.

rious villages that we visited, the 1. The one aim is to lead the people came to the boat loaded with Papuans to an intelligent faith in

UP FROM SAVAGERY IN PAPUA

Christ as the Son of God and their ans have learned to sing even beau- personal Saviour. The missionaries tiful oratorios, true and sweetly train the converts for consistent melodious, in four parts. Each Christian Life and for unselfish, ef- noon the Christian Papuan leaders fective service for their fellows. meet for a half hour of prayer on There is no desire to introduce their knees. Is it any wonder that European customs, habits of dress their lives are beautiful, their in- or standards of life, but there is terests worldwide, and their work an earnest effort to develop Christ- effective?

like characters and usefulness, and 3. The Papuan Christians are to form healthful, industrious, self- taught that their dependence is on supporting Christian communities. God, but that each has a responsi- Consequently, schools are estab- bility to do his part in answering lished, not for education beyond his own prayers. This develops a their needs, but to teach them to virile and a practical, not a senti- read and understand the Word mental, Christianity. It promotes of God, and to help them earn a spirit of service and of self-deny- a decent livelihood. Medical work ing giving.

is carried on to promote person- The expectation of the Kwato al, family, and village cleanli- Mission is to extend work into un- ness and health. Industrial work occupied, districts of Papua, of is conducted, not to produce wealth, which there are many. As soon as but to enable the Christians to God opens the way and means are work for their own support, and to provided, it is hoped to establish enable them to give to others in other stations, conducted on the need. Last year the benevolence same principles, with a missionary gifts of these Papuan Christians and Kwato trained Papuans to dewere sent to India, Japan, China, velop the work. Much of the great Moslem lands, and for work among Fly River district is still untouched Jews in New York! and the interior of the island, with 2. Dependence for effectiveness hundreds of thousands of un- is not on fine equipment, large reached heathen, is not even fully financial resources, or on a large explored.

staff of paid workers, but on the While the Holy Spirit of God work of the Spirit of God in the works through the missionaries hearts and lives of men. The mis- and Papuan Christians there is no sionaries spend much time in fear as to the future of this work.

prayer and look to God for the sup- The honored and beloved human ply of every need. Prayer ex- leader has been called Home. The presses the life of the mission. The loss is inestimable, for his wisdom, Papuan Christian gathers twice or his experience, his power, his more daily for prayer and praise. spirit, were felt in every depart- It was an inspiration to hear those ment of the work. But God re- at Kwato each morning and eve- mains and is already showing His ning as they sang in beautiful har- Power in the lives and works of mony some of the great Christian those who carryon. This is a work hymns and then knelt in prayer. in which there is a true partner- Heathen Papuan music is monoto- ship with God and rich blessing nous tom-toming, that is discord to comes to those who enter into this our ears, but the Christian Papu- partnership.

OF AMERICAN

MISSIONS IN CHINA BY THE REV. KENNETH SCOTT LATOURETTE, D.D.

Profes8or of Missions and Oriental Ilistory in Yale University I N FEBRUARY, 1830, there ar- foreign sailors who then thronged rived in Canton the first Amer- the waters in and near Canton. ican Protestant missionary to After the year he was to explore the Chinese, Elijah Coleman Bridg- the shores of Southeastern Asia man. In these days when so many and the adjoining islands for posare tempted to become faintheart- sible openings for future missioned because of the difficulties which aries. Abeel, in spite of the handibeset missions in China, it is well cap of prolonged ill-health which to recall the work of the pioneers, resulted in his death in his early the distance which has been trav- forties, had a share in stimUlating eled in the century, the great interest in missions in Europe, achievements of these years, and, Great Britain, and America, and when contrasted with the condi- was later the pioneer of the famous tions which confronted the mis- and successful mission of the sionary of 1830, the incompara- Dutch Reformed Church in Fukien. tively greater opportunities of Bridgman had a full thirty years to-day. in China. He began The Chinese Bridgman was the product of a Repository, one of the most broad- gauged and useful missionary perideeply religious New England odicals ever published, seeking, as home, of the Evangelical move- it did, to interpret China to the ment, of a New England college, Occident by means of scholarly and of Amdover Theological Semi- articles on the Empire and news nary-a combination which was re- sponsible for many of the mission- of happenings within it, as well aries of the last century. He was as to give information of a more sent out by the oldest of all Ameri- strictly missionary character. He can foreign missionary societies, assisted in the negotiation of the the American Board of Commis- first treaty between the United sioners for Foreign Missions. He States and China, and he had a was given free passage on one of large share in the translation of the ships of the firm of D. W. C. the Bible into Chinese. Olyphant, that Christian merchant Not long after Bridgman came who had fully as much at heart the spiritual welfare of the Chinese as other famous missionaries-in his own commercial profit and who 1832 Samuel Wells Williams, noted had a large part in inaugurating for his Chinese-English dictionary, several of the earliest proj ects of his "Middle Kingdom" (for many American missions in China. years the standard work in English on China), and his services to the With Bridgman went David American Legation in China, and Abeel. On this initial venture, in 1834 Peter Parker, the first Abeel was to give his time for one medical missionary to China, who year, as chaplain of the American achieved distinction both as a phy- Seaman's Friend Society, to the sician and as a diplomat.

912

CENTENARY OF AMERICAN PROTESTANT MISSIONS

It was not many years before (1839-1842) had opened more opother American organizations portunities for the missionary. joined the American Board in the effort to bring the Gospel to the The conditions which faced Chinese. The General Missionary Bridgman and those who followed Convention of the American Bap- him in the first decade of his life tists-for this was before the in China were far from favorable. Northern and the Southern The first Protestant missionary to churches had formed separate de- China, Robert Morrison-sent by nominational agencies-soon fol- the London Missionary Societylowed. In 1833, John Taylor Jones, had arrived in the country in 1807, an agent of the Baptist Conven- less than a quarter of a century tion, went to Bangkok, Siam, before, and only a handful of men and women had joined him. Even where then, as now, there were the few who had come could not all find a foothold in China itself. many Chinese. Before the end of Most of them had to content themthe year he had baptized four selves as best they might with reaching Chinese who had settled Chinese. In 1835, William Dean, outside the Empire in such centers of the same Society, arrived in as Bangkok, Singapore, Malacca, Batavia, and Borneo. In China Bangkok, and in December of that proper only two ports were open to year organized a small Chinese foreign residence, Canton and church, apparently the first for Macao. In Canton foreigners were Chinese ever formed under the au- restricted to a narrow strip along spices of American Protestants. In the river front and outside the 1836, J. Lewis Shuck and his wife, also sent by the American Baptists, city walls-the historic "Thirteen arrived at Macao to attempt to Factories"-and were supposed to work in China proper. The first live there only a few months of representatives in China of Amer- each year. Macao was a Portuican Episcopalians, Henry Lockwood and Francis R. Hanson, guese settlement which was still reached Canton in 1835, and in under Chinese suzerainty. Here 1837 William J. Boone, later bishop foreigners enjoyed somewhat more latitude. It was probably here that, and the real founder of the China in 1814,' Morrison first adminismission of the American Episco- tered baptism to a Chinese, and it palians, arrived in the Far East. was here that he was buried. How- In 1838, there landed in Singapore ever, the Portuguese, being Roman the earliest missionaries to the Catholics, were not disposed to Chinese of the board which the grant much freedom to Protestant American Presbyterians had re- missionary activity. cently formed. It must also be remembered that as early as 1822 or Throughout China imperial 1823 the American Bible Society edicts inhibited the propagation of had been subsidizing the distribu- the Christian faith. It was even tion of the Scriptures among the forbidden to Chinese to teach the Chinese, although its first full time language to the foreigner, and American agent in China was not while Morrison, Bridgman, and appointed until many years later. others were able to obtain instruc- These were the only American so- tors, at any time the officials might cieties represented in China until seek to enforce the prohibition. A after the first Anglo-Chinese war 3

few Chinese could be talked to in- and in port& outside of China, was dividually, and literature could be nonexistent. Foreign medicine prepared and distributed, but even won some approval and helped to in Canton and Macao both of these break down prejudice, for it ap- activities were attended with some pealed to the practical-minded peril and from time to time had Chinese. However, Western med- to be suspended. ical practice of a hundred years Had the government been neutral ago was still very crude and but instead of hostile, the difficulties little advanced over that of China.

would have been far from being re- Antiseptic surgery was as yet un- moved. The scholar-official class, in dreamed of and the use of an- whose hands was the formation of ::esthetics was a decade in the fupublic opinion, was contemptuous ture. The physician from the Occi- of and bitterly opposed to the mis- dent had little to offer the Chinese.

sionary and his message. All for- In these circumstances the mis- eigners and their culture were sionary enterprise was a sheer ven- looked down on as barbarous: it ture of faith in the face of over- was unthinkable that the sons of whelming odds. Only a conviction Han could learn anything from of the need of the Chinese for the them. Christian literature, includ- Gospel and trust in the promises ing the Scriptures, was assailed as of God could hold the missionary being ludicrously crude in style. to his task.

The Gospel was declared to be de- What a change these hundred structive of much that was basic years have witnessed! Today, in Chinese civilization. This, in- American missionaries in China deed, it was, although not always a,re numbered by the thousands in the sense in which its opponents and have penetrated every province believed it to be. Missionaries held of the Republic. Christians in that Christians should not engage churches which owe their origin to in the customary honors to an- American missionaries are count- cestors, and to refrain from these ed by the tens of thousands., It was regarded by the Chinese as is a rare province which does not unfilial and so as breaking one of have American mission schools the cardinal principles of morality within its borders. Some. of the and threatening the existence of American Christian colleges and the family. Christians certainly universities are among the best could not contribute to community in the land and are crowded with festivals in honor of non-Christian eager students. Western medicine divinities, and their refusal to do has made enormous strides and in so was inevitably branded as im- the hands of missionary physicians pious and against all public spirit. -Americans, British, and Euro- The missionary seemingly had peans-has brought healing to mil- little if anything to offer which the lions and has laid the foundations Chinese wanted. Here and there a of a new Chinese medical profes- Chinese was willing to learn Eng- sion. The translations of the Bible lish of the missionary, for this have been vastly improved and might be a door to employment additional ones have been made with a foreign business firm. Be- in most of the chief dialects. The fore 1839, however, foreign com- annual circulation of portions of merce, except in Canton and Macao the Scriptures now runs into the

millions, much of it through the still is, the largest foreign mission agents of the American Bible So- field of Protestant America. When ciety. The Chinese churches are one recalls the cost-in health, in achieving independence in leader- sacrificial devotion, in intelligent ship and, but for untoward political labor, in prayer, and in love which conditions, would have made al- has asked no return but the wel- most as great strides toward finan- fare of the souls for whom it is cial self-support. There are hun- spent-one is not surprised at the dreds of Chinese Christians-pas- results which have followed. Mis- tors, laymen, and laywomen-who sionaries are far from perfect: would adorn the Church of any they themselves would be the first country or age. Men who have to admit their shortcomings. In been profoundly influenced by the main, however, those who have American Protestant missionaries gone to China from the United are active in many phases of States have been a cross-section of China's life. They include such the best of American Christianity.

ministers of the central govern- By far the greater proportion of ment as H. H. Kung and C. T. them have gone from thoroughly Wang, such educators as Chang unselfish motives and have labored Po-ling, the distinguished principal that to the Chinese might come ful- of Nan Kai in Tientsin, James Yen, ness of life.

the creator and leader of the Mass The majority of American mis- Education Movement, F. C. Yen, sionaries went to China after 1900.

the head of the government med- In the first quarter of the present ical school in Shanghai, and such century, from the ·collapse of the business men as those who created Boxer outbreak to the rising tide the greatest publishing house in of nationalism in 1924 and 1925, China, the Commercial Press. Best with its accompanying anti-Chris- of all are the many thousands who tian movement, conditions were have found the secret of the Chris- more favorable for Christian mis- tian faith and through it have been sions than they had ever been, or born into a new life. than they have been since. . The These results, here so briefly and barriers which confronted the first inadequately hinted at, have come, American missionaries had all but under God, through a great out- crumbled. Foreigners might travel pouring of life from this country freely anywhere through the coun- and from other Western lands. try. After the punishment which There is no complete list of those had been meted out to China by Americans who in the past hundred the Powers from 1839 on, and espe- years have spent longer or briefer cially in 1900, for mishandling- for- periods in China as missionaries. eigners, the Westerner could be The number must run into the tens reasonably certain of security.

of thousands. In no other of the Extensive foreign. settlements great regions to which Protestant were to be found not only in the missionaries go-neither in Africa, main cities on the coast but in some the Near East, India, Japan, nor of the chief centers of the interior.

Latin America-have there been The imperial edicts against Chris- as many from the United States. tianity had long since been abro- From the viewpoint of the invest- gated, and ·since 1858 toleration ment of life China has been, and for the missionary and Chinese

Christians had been written into lated rather than curtailed giving. treaties between China and the In these circumstances it is not Powers. The missionary had the strange that the numbers of misprivilege, not usually granted to sionaries, and especially of Amerforeigners of other occupations, of ican missionaries, grew rapidly. acquiring territory outside the We rightly believed that an opportreaty ports. He was allowed free- tunity was ours which might not ly to study the language, and be- be long continued. fore 1925 he had created schools in which every possible facility ex- Since 1924 and 1925, conditions isted for the acquisition of the dif- have altered and here and there ficult tongue and the still more the timorous and critical have difficult written character. talked about "the missionary de- bacle" and "the missionary re- The prejudice against the mis- treat." The special privileges ensionary had by no means disap- joyed by foreigners in China have peared, but it was much less than been attacked by the growing nait had ever been. The old customs tionalism. An anti-Christian moveand institutions which conserva- ment, inspired partly by nationaltism had once wished to preserve ism, has been leveled against the were now 'crumbling and the more Gospel, the Church, and the misthoughtful were asking for help in sionaries, and particularly against building new ones to replace them. Christian schools. Scepticism, re- China was avidly learning from the enforced by the secularism of the Occident, and the missionary, as West, has bred indifference and a Westerner who was available even hostility to religion. Many and eager to teach, was much have believed the Gospel to be a sought after. His schools were futile hope for national regeneracrowded, for they were a source tion, or at best to be too slow in its from which the once despised but working for impetuous youth. They now popular Western learning have turned instead to such panacould be obtained. His hospitals ceas as science and communism. and dispensaries were thronged, Banditry has made life and propfor with the tremendous strides erty unsafe in vast regions. In the which had been made in the second United States, giving to missions half of the nineteenth century has declined. There has been a there could now be no question that sharp falling off in the offering of at least in surgery Occidental prac- life for missions, and there is widetice was superior to that of China. spread uncertainty as to the valid- ity of the Gospel and the value of Many Chinese realized that some the missionary enterprise. There fresh spiritual and moral dynamic has been a marked diminution in was needed if the nation were to the missionary forces in China, and pass successfully through its great problems of readjustment which period of transition, and looked cannot be avoided perplex the wisinquiringly toward the Gospel as est and most courageous spirits a possible means of national as well as individual salvation. In the sup- both among Chinese Christians and porting constituencies in the Unit- missi onaries. ed States missions were more nearly popular than t1ey had ever Yet we need to remember that been and the World War had stimu- this reaction is recent. All of it is a matter of the last ten years, and

ONE HUNDRED YEARS OF MORMONISM

most of it the last five. It cannot, now, moreover, Christian com, of course, be ignored. The reasons munities scattered through thtl for it must be determined, and re- length and breadth of the land, adjustments made necessary by it, ably seconded by scores of Chrisboth in methods in China and in tian schools, hospitals, orphanages, organization and appeal in the printing presses, and Young Men's United States, must be devised and and Young Women's Christian Aseffected. The entire program of sociations. We must never forget Foreign Missions, both abroad and that the need of the Chinese for in the supporting constituencies, the Gospel is as great as ever, and will quite possibly need a more that the obligation upon Christians thoroughgoing reshaping than most to make the Gospel message known of us now are willing to admit. is as binding as it was on the fathers. We have the assurance, We do well to remember, how- moreover, of the guidance of God ever, that, difficult as conditions and the presence of His Spirit if for missions now are in China and we will but pay the price. With more difficult though they may be- these we can not only recall with come-as they probably will-they great gratitude the hundred years are not nearly as discouraging as that are just behind us, but can those which faced Bridgman, look forward with renewed hope Abeel, Williams and Parker. China and consecration to the century is much more open to the Gospel which lies ahead. than it was in 1830. There are ONE HUNDRED YEARS OF MORMONISM * BY THE REV. EDWARD LAIRD MILLS, D.D.

Editor The Oh'~8t1{>n Advooate, Pacific Edition, Portland, Oregon I NA recent review of twenty- eph Smith, the visionary mystic one American cults, Mormon- who founded Mormonism, and ism is recognized. That is un- Brigham Young, whose 'organizusual. A book on modern cults ing genius gave it lasting signifiwhich appeared a few years ago cance, both saw the light of day in had nothing to say about this move- Vermont, only a few miles distant. ment, which is the largest and The leadership of these three unwealthiest of them all. Of course usual personalities made Christian this ignorance is due largely to the Science and Mormonism the two fact that Mormonism has developed leading religious cults produced in principally in the far West. The the New World. Although the lat- East is more familiar with London ter is three times the size of the and Paris than with Salt Lake former, it is not nearly so well City. Mary Baker Eddy, the known. founder of Christian Science, was born in New Hampshire, and J os- Mormon History *For further information, inquirers are re- There are three well defined peferred to the "Story of the Mormons," by W, riods. A, Linn (Macmillan); "The Trnth About lformonism," by James H. Snowden (R. R. 1. Joseph Smith claims to have Smith, Inc.), and "The M,ormon Way," by found the golden plates which, CIaton S, Rice. (Methodist Book Concern, when translated, produced the Portland, Oregon,)

Book of Mormon, near Palmyra, they regarded themselves as the New York, in 1823. April 6, 1830, chosen of the Almighty. The same the church was formally organized sort of reaction which placed the with three congregations and 70 original J'oseph in a pit probably members. At the celebration of the had much to do with putting the centennial last spring, the Joseph- second Joseph in jail. ite or reorganized branch held a communion service in their new At any rate, Brigham Young, million-dollar temple at Independ- who came to succession immediateence, Missouri, at which 7,000 ly after this tragic event, concluded members received communion at that it was useless to try longer to the hands of 200 ministers. This live with the frontiersmen of the group is seldom thought of because Mississippi Valley. He therefore the Utah or Brighamite branch is organized, in 1846, a trek to the so much larger. At Salt Lake City, unknown West, 1,000 miles away. a stately pageant, "The Message of With 143 men, three women and the Ages," was put on in the taber- two children, he started from near nacle for thirty consecutive nights, the present site of Council Bluffs, and, but for the physical weariness Iowa, April 14, and arrived on the of the participants, it would have heights overlooking Salt Lake July attracted capacity crowds for a 24. much longer period. The production cost $60,000, more than 30,000 2. The halcyon period of Morfeet of lumber was used in the mon church life was from 1847 to temporary stage, and of the 1,000 1870. It then had a chance to de- velop in isolation and to fix the participants more than 300 were lines which have been followed singers. since. Brigham Young was the ever-dominant figure, and he brow- The first stages of the movement beat or cajoled the governors, marwere tempestuous, and its promot- shals and judges who were successers were compelled to move from ively sent from Washington to New York to Ohio, thence to Mis- represent the nation. In this pesouri, and finally to Illinois, where riod occurred the massacre at the city of Nauvoo was built. Jos- Mountain Meadows, when a large eph Smith and his brother Hyrum number of immigrants passing soon got into trouble with the non- through Utah en route from Ar- Mormon population of the vicinity, kansas to California were killed, ostensibly by Indians. Many years with the result that they were fi- later John D. Lee, who is generally nally placed in the jail at Carthage, where they were later killed by an thought to have been made a scapeattacking mob. Historians have goat, was executed for his com- plicity in this affair. come to the conclusion that this incident marks the real beginning The work the Mormons did in deof the Mormon Church, because it veloping the country is worthy of gave Smith's disciples a sense of high praise. There is no more the solidarity that comes from per- beautiful city anywhere than Salt secution. Why the Mormons were Lake City, located between the often in trouble with their neigh- Oquirrh and Wasatch ranges of bors is not altogether certain. Un- mountains and overlooking the questionably polygamy had some- Great Salt Lake. It is the center of thing to do with it. More likely an irrigated farming section about

ONE HUNDRED YEARS OF MORMONISM

100 miles long and fifteen miles in lieved in. Visitors to the Bureau width. The blocks in the city are of Information on the Temple ten acres each in size, and the grounds in Salt Lake City are told streets are 100 feet wide between in so many words: "We still be- the curbings, with the sidewalk and lieve in the principle of polygamy, parking taking 32 feet more. Run- but have suspended the practice of ning water in the streets is a it as being inexpedient." Not yet unique featUre. sure of its limitations, the Church 3. The third period dates from tried to place a polygamist, Brig- about 1870, although Brigham ham H. Roberts, in the United Young lived a few years longer States Congress. The public opin- than that. The date is chosen be- ion of the nation was aroused cause it marks the completion of against this by the activity of a the Union Pacific Railway. This committee from Salt Lake City,· ended the period of isolation. Mor- which was composed of evangelical mons could now move easily out of mISSIOnaries. The attempt has Utah, and outsiders began to come never been renewed. A year or in. This period of sixty years saw two later, the evangelicals also the entrance into Utah of the Ro- went too far when they tried to man Catholic church and of five prevent the seating of Apostle Protestant bodies – Protestant Reed Smoot as a Senator. He was Episcopal, Methodist Episcopal, not a p<llygamist, and there were Presbyterian, Congregational and no other grounds sufficient to keep Baptist. Small communions have him out. These two incidents no business there. Even these helped to clear the air by showing standard denominations, with their to each side the ultimate limits of large resources in funds and per- its effective operation.

sonnel, never undertook a more dif- A little later came Bishop Frankficult task. lin Spencer Spalding to the leader- However, the attrition of out- ship of the Episcopal Church, in side civilization upon the Mormon Utah. Highly endowed with intel- "tate has! produced definite and con- lect, imagination and sympathy, "iderable effects. In 1890, Presi- Bishop Spalding saw that the day dent Woodruff handed down a for the lurid militancy of the past manifesto advising the disc<lntinu- had gone and that the time had, ance of the practice of polygamy. come for Evangelical Christians to Probably this was violated for think of Utah as they thought of twenty years following to the ex- China and India, and to seek a tent of at least 100 cases a year; sympathetic understanding of the but the policy was laid down, and it dominant faith. This did not ·mean has gradually won increasing ac- that he was inclined to accept Mor- ceptance until today the occasional monism as a valid revelation of cases of polygamy constitute a real divinity, but rather that he believed embarrassment to the church au- the warfare should be waged with thorities. In 1896, Utah was grant- weapons more consonant with ed statehood under a constitution Christian principles. His lead has that was explicit in affirming the been increasingly foll<lwed by separation of church and state, Christian workers in Utah until to- and forbidding the practice of po- day practically all agree on the lygamy. But polygamy is still be- major elements of his policy.

Peculiar Characteristics Obviously such a belief goes far Mormonism claims to be a re- to show why Evangelical bodies stored Gospel. It affirms that have so far declined to fellowship Christianity was lost from 330 to with the Latter Day Saints. 1830 A. D. The assumed restoration doubtless led to the official A second distinctive feature of name of the organization. "The Mormon belief is the priesthood. Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Apostle Rudger Clawson, writing Day Saints." The so-called "ar- in the Improvement Era for last March, says: ticles of religion," which are dis- Priesthood is therefore not only the tributed by Mormon missionaries, point of divergence between the Church of Jesus Christ of Later Day are innocuous, containing not a Saints and all other Christian bodies, single distinctive Mormon belief. but the very quintessence of this re- This idea of the restored Gospel ligion-the thing without which it has much to do with the building could not possibly exist. Priesthood of costly temples which are not for . . . is authority delegated by God public worship, but rather f.or the to man by which man acts for Deity performance of certain secret cere- in His name in a way that makes any monies which affect only a small act performed by man under this di- percentage 'of the Mormons-for vine warrant as valid as if it were weddings, endowments, and espe- done by the Lord in person.

cially for baptisms for the dead. Results of Christian .Missions These latter are performed by proxy at so much per head. In a Direct results have not been single year there may be as many large in the sixty years during as 300,000 of them performed in which missions have been prosecut- these temples, so that they are by ed. Success in missionary effort no means negligible as a source of decreases in proportion as the re- revenue. ligion approached is related to Polytheism and an exceedingly Christianity. Moreover, the evananthropomorphic idea of God are gelical churches have been spasdistinguishing features of the modic in the prosecution of mission faith. God is a man grown big, work in the Mormon section. Pauand men are gods in embryo. Some city of financial support has caused day they will grow up and populate undue frequency of change of perplanets with their descendants. The sonnel. The resulting impression causal connection of this doctrine locally has not been one of the stawith the belief in and practice of bility of the mission enterprise and polygamy is clearly evident. In the the continuity of a well-planned pageant given at the centennial program. This defect can be remecelebration in April occurs this died only by affording adequate verse relating to Joseph Smith: support to the work and by closer conference and cooperation among Hail to the Prophet ascended to the communions involved. The Ro- heaven, man Catholic Church is perhaps the best organized religious body Traitors and tyrants now fight him in the world. It has been able to in vain, survive in Utah, but not much Mingling with gods he can plan for his brethren, Death cannot conquer the hero more. It makes practically no con- again. verts from Mormonism, and in

ONE HUNDRED YEARS OF MORMONISM

sixty years the Church in Utah has Church. The only courses in Bible not been able to produce a candi- (given near the campus and with date for the priesthood. On my credit) at the University of Idaho, visit to Salt Lake City last June, I in Moscow, Idaho, and at the southwas informed that one young man ern branch of the same institution in Pocatello, are those given by the intends to be a candidate-the first. Mormon Church, non-Mormon It is difficult for people else- textbooks being used.

where to visualize the situation in A number of competent Christian Utah-a population of more than workers met in Salt Lake city last 400,000, and among them only 10,- June to discuss for the Home Mis- 000 Protestant church members, sions Council twenty-one questions 10,000 Roman Catholics, 6,000 respecting the facts, program and Greek Catholics, a total of con- policy of Christian missions in siderably less than 30,000. There Utah. There was no dissent ;from is no Young Men's Christian As- the opinion that Mormonism has sociation in Salt Lake City, with a changed considerably, is still changpopulation of 140,000, or in Ogden, ing, and that Christian missions with a population of 30,000. There are not over a dozen self-support- have been responsible to a notable ing Christian churches in the en- extent for the change that is taking tire State. All the churches must place. work hard to hold their own, for their people tend to move to the So we may wish well our rep- Pacific coast after a few years. resentatives in the hardest mis- There have been some converts to sionary field in the world as they all the churches, and their Sunday- attempt to preach, that the Gospel schools have attracted a consider- "once delivered" has never been enable number of children from the tirely lost, and that certainly it was ranks of people of Mormon stock not restored at Palmyra, New who no longer adhere to the domi- York, in 1823. The fact that after nant church. a century more than 600,000 people think that it was so restored dem- The chief result~ of Christian onstrates the continuing need of missionary efforts among the Mor- evangelical missions. It is our mons are to be found in the social glad privilege to proclaim the good consequences of those activities. news that salvation comes through faith in Christ and not by means Their educational and evangelistic of elaborate ceremonies performed endeavors have had much to do in secret temples. We can mightwith the Mormon movement to- ily help Mormon thinking to make ward inaugurating a fine public the shift from the prosaic, maschool system, with increasing terialistic mood of the Elder Broth- Mormon loyalty to the United er to the spiritual joy and lift that States Government, and with the marked the meeting of the Prodigal growing tendency to exalt the Bible Son and the Forgiving Father. in the services of the Mormon We can give to the succeeding generation a vast equipment in plant and machinery, a great store of knowledge of how to run it, and we can leave for their stimulation centuries of art and literature. But the world will march forward only so far as we give to our children strength of body, integrity of character, training of mind, and the inspiration of religion.-President Hoover.

GREAT WORK OF THE NEAR

RELIEF: WHAT IS TO FOLLOW IT?

BY THE REV. JAMES L. BARTON, D.D.

Chairman of the Near Em Relie!

T HE annual meeting of the committee has been characterized trustees of the Near East Re- by marked continuity of service of lief in New York, February the men who were its founders.

6, 1930, marked the completion of The amount received during the ten years of corporate action in the period from 1916 to 1928 inclusive work of relief in the Near East. was over $91,000,000-a striking The corporation was the successor demonstration of the sustained in- of The American Committee for terest of the people of America and Relief in the Near East, which fol- the world in the humanitarian ap- lowed the Armenian and Syrian peal of remote peoples and of Relief Committee, which in turn great child populations.

followed the Armenian Relief Com- The average cash receipts per mittee. While the annual meeting year for the twelve years was just was the eleventh of the corpora- about $7,000,000. If we separate tion, it marked fourteen years of the six most productive years from unbroken relief operations under 1918 to 1923 inclusive, the aver- essentially the same directors. age per year was some $11,000,000.

The name Near East Relief was The most productive year was given the organization by Con- 1919, when the entire refugee pop- gress, when a Board of 60 charter ulation in' the Near East became members were incorporated in accessible. In that year $19,485,- 1919 by a special act. Twelve of 000 were received. In the single the charter members have died dur- month of March that year the re- ing the decade. Their names are ceipts were $2,988,987.41. This significant of the character and financial statement does not include standing of those who comprized grants by the United States Gov- the corporation: Alexander J. ernment in 1919 and 1920 of $12,- Hemphill, Harry Pratt Judson, 800,000 worth of food stuffs, most- Cardinal Gibbons, Bishop Greer, ly flour, which was used in meeting Cleveiand H. Dodge, William I. the desperate situation in Russian Haven, Charles W. Eliot, Myron T. Armenia during those years, nor Herrick, Henry B. F. McFarland, does it include large commodity Oscar S. Straus, Talcott Williams and other gifts from a great var- and Stanley White. Dr. Samuel iety of sources. If these were T. Dutton had died before the in- added to the figures given above, corporation was completed. It is the total would exceed $110,000,- also an interesting fact that, of the 000.

ten members of the Executive This is a brief backward look, Committee elected at this annual but our interest today lies not pri- meeting, six had served for ten marily in the past but in the years or more. Herbert Hoover futUre. The past has been honor- was a member of the first Execu- able; the future may be no less tive Committee. The work of the notable.

922 The emergency objective which East. They entered at once upon led to the organization has been the task, and for a year and a half reached, so far as the public is con- upon their own responsibility made cerned. The funds in hand and further and more intimate investithe payments yet to come from gations through additional contacts sponsors for children and in pay- with officials and other interested ment of pledges will enable the parties in the Near East. All Committee to place in self-support areas were revisited and condithe last of its wards so that it can tions reviewed and reappraised. say to donors that it has finished The Conservation Committee disits task with honor. covered the beginnings of opera- tions and influences which can be There are, however, other con- completed only by a continuation siderations which it is impossible program. Among the most signifto ignore at this turning-point in the history of the work. Foresee- icant of these are: ing the approach of this period, the Executive Committee in 1926 ap- First.-All countries in the Near pointed a Survey Committee to in- East, with which the Near East vestigate conditions in the Near Relief has had relations, are in East as they relate to the work of complete sympathy, not only with the trustees. This was done with what has been done during the a degree of thoroughness beyond years, but with its present methods all praise. The Survey Committee and with the ideals which it has discovered vast unmet needs which constantly followed and in which could not be met unless there was the governments have become a continuing program beyond the highly sympathetic. These govemergency stage. This conclusion ernments, especially the Soviet Government of Russian Armenia was reached after protracted con- and the Greek Government, are ferences on the field with mis- eager to have the work continue, even after the wards have been sionaries, educators and others. adequately placed. Albania and Among these needs was the desire of the Eastern Churches for aid in Bulgaria, as well as Syria, have promoting unsectarian religious made representations to the Comeducation among their constitu- mittee, assuring it of every posents. This had been begun in the sible cooperation if the Committee orphanages and was being taken will continue work, either as Near up by the ecclesiastics and leaders among the youth of the country. East Relief or as a separate Board, for child betterment, economic and Upon re(!eiving the report of health improvement, and especially the Survey Committee, the Near for the development of agriculture East Relief created a Conservation under modern methods of cultiva- Committee, of which Cleveland E. tion. All of the governments Dodge was Chairman and Dr. Barclay Acheson, Secretary, to throughout the Near East are urgtake up the entire question of un- ing the organization to continue met needs. The Committee was its operations, not as emergency composed of men who are deeply relief, but as a constructive Board interested in the educational, in- cooperating with the governments dustrial, economic, social, health in their desire for modern social, and child welfare work in the Near economic, educational and moral advance.

Second.-The people in all these proven so valuable heretofore in countries, including officials and limited areas. Many of them have leaders as well as the masses, with the languages of the countries, are whom the Near East Relief has in deep sympathy with the ambi- come into close contact during the tions and hopes of the people for last fourteen years, have absolute social and intellectual betterment, confidence in the organization and and are ready to continue, if deall who represent it. They recog- sired, in the same work.

nize that it has had no ulterior Fourth.-All of these Near East motive, and that its work has been countries are entering upon new benevolent, helpful and Christian, periods of intellectual, social and looking to the best interests of the economic change. They are breakpeople in the countries in which the ing with the conservative, hamperwork has been carried on. They ing traditions of the past and are are unanimous in their declara- seeking new methods of modern tions that the work has been full education, social, health and ecoof blessing and that there is much nomic improvement. Many enyet to do. They stand ready, as lightened leaders welcome our individuals and as groups, to co- trusted experts and are ready to cooperate with them in promoting operate wit h the Conservation the higher interests of their people. Committee in organizing and pro- They have observed through years moting forms of work which will the disinterested service rendered benefit all the people as well as the by the Near East Relief and its countries themselves. The people representatives and see in them an are with the new organization.

Third.-The Near East Relief opportunity for realizing higher has raised up and trained a body social ideals for their own people.

of experts on the Near East. By Fifth.-The Near East Relief reason of their years of service and has some 20,000 boys and girls their close contact with the people, who have largely completed their their needs and the resources of practical education in the Near the various countries, they under- East Relief institutions and are stand the economic, social, moral in the process of being integrated and educational conditions and into local society. These, together opportunities that are open for with a few thousands who are still continuation work. These experts in the orphanages, have, with few hoi d positions of commanding exceptions, received their entire leadership in the places in which training for life from the repre- they are now located. They have sentatives of this organization.

a following of Nationals in all They are not hampered by the areas who are eager to see the paralyzing traditions of their fa- principles that have worked so ef- thers. They do not know the age- fectively with the children in the long conservatisms that have pre- orphanages and among those al- vented social, moral and religious ready outplaced, applied in general progress in the Near East. Many to the children of the country. of tbemare well educated in mod- These experts are now available ern methods of agriculture and for continued service if there is a industry and in the use of modern purpose to apply, in the countries tools. In their thinking and out- as a whole, the methods that have look they are Western and pro-

GREAT WORK OF THE NEAR EAST RELIEF

gressive. These children, still gifts have been economically and officially connected with the Near wisely used, and to have confidence East Relief, are in a position to that the work carried on in the become a mighty leaven for perme- Near East has been done upon a ating the society of that country broad basis and that it has been with new, inspiring and construc- done in a spirit of disinterested tive ideas. service. This confidence is of un- tDld value at the present time and Besides these 20,000 children will be absDlutely essential if a now connected with the organiza- general conservation work is to be tion, there are at least 40,000 other undertaken. The organization has boys and girls who have already kept confidence with this public. gone out and have become a part It made its appeal for funds with which to close its emergency obliof the active life of the Near East gation tD its wards, and the public in every country named, including has notably responded. There is Egypt, and in almost every line of a cDnvictiDn that this same public industry. Some of these have al- desires and expects that the fifty ready won positions of respect and or sixty thousand children whom leadership. Their training and the organization has trained shall character are generally recognized be given a chance to use what they as superior to those of others of have already received in leavening their age. There is little tendency the society in all of the countries among these graduates, often of the Near East where they are called "ex-orphans," to return to IDcated. the old life in the static Near East. These 60,000 young people are Seventh.-So far as can be seen, ready instruments for moving their entire countries toward a there is no other body or organizahigher economic and social life and a better civilization, if the old tion. leadership can be retained. In In view Df these and other conview of the comparatively small number of these graduate children siderations, the Trustees of the among the twenty or thirty mil- Near East Relief unanimously lions scattered throughout the voted that a new corporatiDn Near East, there is danger, unless should be formed to carry thrDugh we furnish adequate leadership, the uncompleted work of that Comthat they will be overwhelmed by mittee. February 21, 1930, at 99 the dead weight of the stolid life John Street, New York, where the about them; but with adequate Armenian Relief Committee was leadership they are in a position organized September 16, 1915, the to become a mighty force through- new body was organized under the out all those countries. name of Near East FDundation with the fifteen directors and in- Sixth.-It has been a gratifica- corporators elected: Cleveland E. tion to those who have been con- Dodge, President; Edwin M. Bulknected with the Near East Relief ley, Treasurer; E. C. Miller, Asfrom its beginning to sense the sistant Treasurer and Comptroller, confidence in the organization and Barclay Acheson, Secretary. which appears to be universal The office is at 151 Fifth Avenue, throughout America. The general New York. The FDundatiDn has public seems to believe that its the hearty gODdwill of the trustees of the Near East Relief.

BETHLEHEM'S CHURCH OF THE

BY NANCY VIRGINIA AUSTEN, Fontana, California BETHLEHEM, the little hill trade alive and no doubt gave rise town of Palestine which gave to the manufacture of mother-of- us the year one, is probably pearl rosaries, pins, paper-knives the most famous city in the world. and beads, inlaid woodwork and Its chief glory and significance other relics to delight pilgrims and come from its connection with the tourists. But its streets are pracfirst Christmas, but it entered the tically deserted except at Christpages of history a thousand years mas and Easter when thousands before that as the location of the come to bow before the manger beautiful pastoral of Ruth. It was where, tradition says, the Christalso the home of David. But Beth- child lay. At such times the ordilehem, despite its fame as the home narily quiet streets spring into life of the Royal house of David and and importance with the pomp of the birthplace of the Christ, re- religious parades, the rich silken mained a tiny village until medi- brocades and priceless jewels of eval times when pilgrims began to priestly robes, the flutter of ecvisit the hamlet in such numbers clesiastical banners and the glint .as to increase the population per- of military swords. At first sight manently. we must rub our eyes to make sure that we are not dreaming. Yes, it The present population of twelve is really little Bethlehem filled with thousand or less is made up al- loyal hearts from the distant ends most entirely of Christians: of the earth who have brought Greeks, Latins, French, Germans their gifts of love and devotion to and Armenians who have estab- tbe altar of the Nativity. lished monasteries, convents, -hospitals, schools, industries and or- The center of interest in Bethlephanages there. It seems rather hem is the Church of the Nativity, strange that foreign lands should built over the crypt which was the furnish such a large population for manger of our Lord. This is a little hill town of Palestine where claimed to be the oldest Christian there is practically no business; church in existence. Constantine yet religious zeal alone has for cen- built the first church there in 330 turies carried men and women to A; D;, a magnificent basilica to the limits of the earth and no doubt which journeyed pilgrims from all will continue to do so until the end the countries of Europe. When the of time. The institutions of the Arabs captured Bethlehem they did various Christian sects and nations not destroy the church, probably make up the biggest part of thlil due to the fact that they venerate population . of Bethlehem, but Christ as one of their prophets. strange to say, the whole number Later on the Crusaders regained of Protestant Christians is less the town and rebuilt it, protecting than a hundred. it with a castle which they located near the church. One can find a few pilgrims in Bethlehem any month in the year, This was not, however, the end which fortunately keeps the curio of Bethlehem's troubles. It has suf- )26 fered destruction two or three showered upon the birthplace of times since, and not until the 19th the Christ gifts of gold and devo- century were the Moslems driven tion, sacrifice and adoration.

out, since then the Christians have Almost as soon as we entered the been in undisputed control of the town we came to the quiet square church and the town. There are, in in front of the church around fact, less than half a thousand which the town buildings are Moslems in Bethlehem. grouped: the town hall, the post The town is built on spurs of the office, shops and the simple Arabic hills which jut picturesquely into hotel. Narrow cobblestone streets, the desert valleys toward the J or- quiet and clean, lead off up the hill dan and the Dead Sea depression. from the square. A few silent The sides of the hills are terraced women, regal in their bearing and with fruit and olive trees, vine- splendid in the characteristic and yards, grain fields, and pastures, striking Bethlehem costumes, flit- making it a restful, beautiful spot ted by on homely errands. A boy in that semi-barren district. Sheep passed with a goat skin of water graze peacefully on the hillsides as hanging across his shoulder. A of old; goats, more industrious and man, in flowing aba and bright cot- with true pioneer instinct, reach ton turban and a woman with a up the trees for a leaf or bit of bundle of laundry on her head, green. passed swiftly and silently and dis- The Bethlehem hills divide the appeared into the stone doorway of town naturally into several sec- a stone house. All the houses seem tions, which is really fortunate, to be of stone; even the doorways since it provides the Greeks, and window frames are of stone, Latins, Armenians, French and for lumber is scarce and expensive Germans with natural barriers for in the Holy Land. Balconies often their separate institutions each jut out over the narrow streets with its own national population. from second floors, and strips of The Church of the Nativity has camel or goat hair canvas are fast- seen important functions during ened over the streets from building the centuries of its existence, to building, thus aff,ording a wel- among them the crowning of Bald- come relief from the burning sun.

win as King, on Christmas Day in We paused at the Psalmist's well 1101. Europe's crowned heads have by the gate, the memory of which from time to time tried to outdo made David long for a drink when each other in munificent gifts to he was hiding from the Philistines.

little Bethlehem, the City of David (2 Samuel 23: 14 and 15.) and the Christ: a Byzantine em- A woman came to draw water, peror covered the walls of the and I stared most impolitely at her church with gilded mosaics; Ed- picturesque Bethlehem costume. I ward the IV of England gave it a hope she forgave me if she noticed wonderful leaden roof (which, by my rudeness; however, I am sure the way, the Turks tore off and she was utterly unconscious of the melted into bullets), and thus striking picture she made. Her through the succeeding ages the voluminous skirt touched the French, the Romans, the Greeks, ground; the sleeves of her velvet the Russians, the Germans, the jacket had embroidered cuffs ex- English and the Armenians have tending from the wrist to the elbow

which hung almost to the hem of is under the care of the Greeks, her skirt; coins worn as a necklace Latins and Armenians, each of and a headpiece showed the size of whom guards jealously every tiny her dowry; her hair was piled privilege which has been so hardly high on top of her head and was won through the centuries.

covered with a long shawl-like As we entered the simple, nar- white veil which was pinned under row doorway and looked around her chin, the corners falling al- the hallowed enclosure upon the most to the ground. No d(mbt the undivided expanse of nave, tran- veil protected her hair from dust sept and choir, a feeling of space, of quietness, of sanctity pervaded the sacred place. The mellowed lime- stone columns, the stone floor worn by the feet of millions of pilgrims who for centuries have trod the very spot where we stood, the primitive figures representing the ancestors of Christ and of Joseph and of the disciples breathed a se- cret of the church's antiquity.

Two sets of steps descended from the body of the church to the grot- to underneath where the Christ- child lay on that most memorable night. The grotto has been con- verted into a chapel of the Nativ- ity. Its floor is paved with marble slabs and the stone walls have been lined with marble. Thirty-two hanging lamps filled the little chap- el with a soft radiance and candles flickered in a golden haze. A re- Photograph of Presbyterion Board 01 ForeiY'1i cess in the wall filled with swaying Miss/ons silver lamps proclaimed itself the THE MANGER-THE CHURCH OF l.'HE spot we were seeking even before NATIVITY we caught the gleam of the silver and her neck and shoulders from star set into the marble slab in the sun. Unlike the Moslem veil, front of the altar. We bent over the Bethlehem veil does not cover it and read: Jesus Christus natus the face. Two men sauntered by est hie de Virgine Maria.

with bright orange turbans coiled I turned back the pages of mem- thickly ar<mnd their heads as a ory to the Christmas mornings of protection from the sun, their long my childhood when the Christmas seamless coats fluttering behind story was each year freshly beauti- them in the welcome breeze. fied and endeared. This then was Before us loomed the Church of where the story began; this the the Nativity, the simple mellowed manger venerated through the cen- stone basilica which alone of all the turies, around which have gathered early buildings has weathered the in countless numbers poems, songs, vicissitudes of the ages. The church traditions and prayers. My reverie

MISSIONS A BACKGROUND FOR WORLD PEACE

was broken by the voice of our ocean of adoration and unselfish guide telling us that the silver star devotion which envelopes the had been placed there by the Lat- Christ-child and His birthplace for ins, and that the silver lamps sway- the world at large. To those at a ing gently in the recess were in the distance the star of Bethlehem still shines with a steady light. We do custody of the Latins, Greeks and not care who has the right to polish Armenians each of whom held par- the silver star, who may dust the ticular rights in the chapel and brocade hangings or light the who frequently charged each other lamps. Without any lamps or stars with trying to gain an inch or so or hangings ChTl'istendom would at the expense of the others. The continue to sing: "Joy to the world Latins, Greeks and Armenians the Lord has come." Only to those must keep constant watch lest by guarding the lamps and star and some slip a tiny bit of dearly ecclesiastical prerogatives have gained privilege be lost; for once such ambitions obscured the real lost it can be restored only by bit- significance of the birthplace of the ter fighting. But this backwash of jealous bickering is lost in the wide Prince of Peace.

MISSIONS A BACKGROUND FOR WORLD PEACE BY MRS. SCHUYLER C. WOODHULL President of the Women'g Missionary Society of the Presbyterian Synod oj Minnesota W HEN Mrs. Tsune Gauntlett, Commandments including: "Thou the Japanese delegate to the shalt not kill." fifth Conference on the Cause and Cure of War, held in The early Church was essential- Washington last January, was in- ly a missionary Church. By the troduced to the Conference, she end of the first century the new said: "I owe all my English to the religion had been preached from missionaries in Tokio. We did not Babylon to Spain, from Alexandria start this Peace Movement, it was to Rome. The ancient Roman world started years ago by our grand- was a world without love. The life mothers in every mission station of the Christians· was a life of around the world." This recent love. "Behold! how they love one testimony of a Japanese woman another" was the common exclamagives added weight to the theme of tion. Through all the thousands this paper. of Christian inscriptions in the Ro- man catacombs, not one has been When Christ was foretold in discovered expressing resentment prophecy, He was named the Day- or even reproach. Peace is the all spring from on high who should prevailing note. There can be no guide our feet into the Way of doubt that in theory the early Peace. He taught: "Blessed are Church stood sternly against all the peacemakers"; "Love your participation in war for many genenemies"; "Bless them that curse erations after the Apostolic Age. you." He ratified anew the Ten The positive assertion made by 4

Dymond and others, that for 200 the fourteenth century, a great reyears not a Christian soldier is on ligious movement for peace struck record in the Roman armies, may the minds of different nations of seem strong, but it is .confirmed by Europe. Pilgrims in white gar- Rome's historian, Gibbon. ments mar c h e d everywhere, preaching the duty of Christian After 250 A. D., the demand for peace. In the fifteenth century, the holiness of life was insensibly Moravians took. strong ground transferred from the Church at against war. Then Hugo Grotius large to the clergy. In place of the primitive democracy of the Apos- of Holland raised his voice. In tolic Church, there grew up an ec- the seventeenth century, George clesiastical aristocracy. Wealth and Fox and William Penn became popularity began to flow into the great champions of peace. In once despised Church at Rome. 1905, in New York City, the Then there came a change from Honorable David J. Brewer set the worship of the one God and forth international peace as one of His only Son to the reverence for the objectives of a proposed federacountless intermediary saints, and tion of churches. A campaign in from peace to militancy. At the the interest of this movement has time of the' accession of Constan- since that time been persistently tine, the Roman Empire was in a carried on. In August, 1914, the state of anarchy and confusion. delegates from several lands con- The Church numbered at this time vened at Constance, Germany, to about eight millions. Constantine found The World Alliance for Properceived in the Church a prop to moting International Friendship his falling Empire. On the day Through the Churches. The out- break of the WorId War compelled when he entered Rome as conquer- the conference to transfer its sesor, his hands red with blood, his sions to London, where it completbanner displaying the Cross, which ed its labors. for the first time was chosen for a military symbol, organized Chris- We all know the many agencies tianity surrendered her sublime at work today for peace. The World Court, the League of Nadistinction as the religion of peace. tions, the e'xchange professors, the The fact that, by Constantine's in- Friendship Tours, the Peace Contervention, suppression and perse- ferences, the International Insticution of the Church ceased, has tute held at Geneva every August, blinded Christian people from his and many others. But I place our day to this to the evil that was great missionary enterprise at the wrought. head of all these. Our mission- Unhappily, not even the leaders aries believe, to quote Dr. Arthur of the Reformation broke with J. Brown, that men and women militarism. Missionary activity everywhere have like passions, are was strangled within the Church capable of development, responsive during the period of bloody wars to friendship, worthy of respect. lasting a century and a half. For- They do not go down to other peotunately, the Church has always ple as superiors to inferiors, but secretly cherished Christ's ideals as men to brother men, bearing the of peace. In England in the seventh same burdens and needing the and eighth centuries, war was for same Saviour. They know that a time declared anti-Christian. In

there is only one race-the human Chairma"n of the Foreign Policy race. They spend not a few months Association of New York, returned but a lifetime amid climatic and from the Conference on Pacific Re- unsanitary con d it ion s which lations, having gone to Japan by sapped the vitality of our troops in way of Russia and China, he was Cuba and the Philippines. They asked: "To what extent are the do not forsake their posts in time Christian missionaries to blame of danger. A British Admiral for the Far Eastern muddle?" He saluted a few missionaries who, replied: in spite of the perils which beset I think the answer could be given them, declined to take refuge on in three words: Not at all. But, when his ship of war, and he exclaimed: put that briefly, one subjects oneself "Ladies and gentlemen, your cour- to critidsm for not telling the whole age is magnificent. Men have been truth. The Christian missionaries in given the Victoria Cross for less China have not Christianized China. heroism than yours." Isn't this the However, they have in indirect waysspirit that will make friends of all educational, social and hygienicpeoples? performed for China what seems to me the finest work which has been done No Far Eastern country ever there by any foreign influences whathad a leper asylum, a school for ever. the deaf or blind, an orphanage, or a hospital for the insane,· until the As you go through some of the back Christian missionary appeared. parts of China, seeing a few of the older women and a few of the younger Think of the enlightenment that ones still with bound feet, and com- has come to many people with the pare them with the younger generaintroduction of printing by the tion of Chinese, you realize that, if missionaries, another agency bind- the missionaries had only a tiny bit ing people together. The spirit to do in that great unbinding, not which prompted an educational merely of the feet of the women of China but in a very real sense of the missionary in China to decline a spirit of the women of China, they high salaried presidency of a gov- have performed a magnificent task. ernmtlnt university, giving as his reason: "I want to translate the The Honorable John Barrett, Bible and to train up Christian former American minister to Siam, ministers," is surely the spirit of said that 150 missionaries gave loving his neighbor as himself. him less trouble in five years than The missionary has always stood fifteen business men gave him in for the brotherhood of man, which five months.

implies those relations between na- With testimonies like these, I tions which make for peace and feel convinced that our noble mis- good will. " sionaries are indeed ambassadors When Mr. James McDonald, of peace.

WHAT IS CHRISTIAN EDUCATION?

Religious education in the Christian sense includes all efforts and processes which help to bring children, young people, and adults into a vital and saving experience of God revealed in Christ; to quicken the sense of God as a living reality, so that communion with Him in prayer and worship becomes a natural habit and principle of life; to enable them to interpret the meaning of their growing experience of life in the light of ultimate values; to develop a deepening fellowship with Christ which will find expression in attitudes and habits of Christ-like living in common life and in all human relations; and to enlarge and deepen the understanding of the historic facts on which Christianity rests and of the rich content of Christian experience, belief and doctrine.-Definition approved by the International Council of Religious Education.

MEETING AND AUTUMN CONFER-

ENCE-AMERICAN MISSION TO LEPERS .n. " ; LL Roads Lead to Rome" was evidenced not only by the denomi- the ancient saying. On the national and priv.ate hospitals, but 16th of October all roads led by the Government which he placed to New York for the annual meet- next to the United States in the ing of the American Mission to part it is taking to care for its Lepers. "Conquerors" came from lepers. He credited the Japanese India, Africa, Japan to tell of their Government also with welcoming conquests-conquests over suffer- the teaching of Christianity in its ing and ignorance and disease, leav- hospitals on account of the good ing happiness, health and hope in influence it brought with it, and their wake. The home "reserves" said, "The outlook for ridding were also there in full force with Japan of leprosy is very bright, representative delegations from and I believe it can be done." various points in eight States, to hear the reports of their workers Mr. Delavan L. Pierson, Editor in the field and to tell of their own of THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE efforts at home. WORLD, recently returned from a world tour of observation, reported Dr. Cleland B. McAfee, Secretary as his outstanding impression the of the Presbyterian Board of For- wide prevalence of leprosy, and eign Missions and recently returned how little was being done compared from a round-the-world journey, with what should be done. He astold of his observations of leper serted that the British and Amerwork in foreign lands. He pointed ican Missions to Lepers have inout three important things which deed set the pace in the work being could be done regarding leprosy in done for lepers under a definite every land: first, the spread of lep- plan. It is his firm belief, too, that rosy can be checked by isolation of while it might be that we can lepers; second, as leprosy is not spend money too lavishly for our hereditary the untainted children churches and educational equipcan be cared for and protected ment at home, we cannot do enough from their leper parents; third, to aid the lepers, suffering as they their pain can be relieved and com- suffer, in making them more fort brought to them and "life for healthy and happy and showing the lepers can be made very rich them through our sympathy the by making the love of God a real blessedness that comes through fact to them." Jesus Christ and His love.

Dr. A. Oltmans, Secretary for Dr. George W. McCoy, Director Japan of the American Mission to of the National Institute of Health Lepers and Superintendent of the of the United States, and formerly I-Hai-en Leper Mission Hospital at Director of the Leprosy Research Tokyo, spoke of the progress in Station at Molokai, Hawaii, spoke Japan. After briefly outlining the of the leprosy situation from the work in Japan from its beginning medical viewpoint. In speaking 40 years ago, Dr. Oltmans men- of the trends in dealing with leptioned the lively interest now being rosy today, Dr. McCoy said that 932

CHINESE REDS BEHEAD WOMEN MISSIONARIES

too rigid segregation is not advo- sionary from the Sudan, laid much cated as strongly as formerly as it stress on the efficacy of prayer in causes many early cases to be hid- connection with his work, and Dr. den, but that home treatment, A. D. Helser also attributed the clinics and instruction in preven- success of his work among the leptive measures are recommended. ers in Nigeria to medicine, diet and last but not least, to prayer. Dr. T. A. Lambie, medical mis- CHINESE REDS BEHEAD WOMEN MISSIONARIES T HE New York Times, October Advances were made at the direction 11, published [the following of the Church Missionary Society to dispatch from its special cor- meet ransom demands, but without avail. respondent in Shanghai: The editor of the Christian Cen- Out of the mountains of North Fu- turyadds: kein came the story today of the terrible fate of the two British women It seems clear that no political mis·sionaries, Miss Eleanor June Har- significance attaches to this murder. rison and Miss Edith Nettleton, slain It has been simply a bandit outrage at the end of weeks of negotiations in a notoriously bandit-ridden section with bandits for their ransom. of China. The result, however, is none the less distressing, and will The two women, both advanced in bring a new realization of the danger years and of long mission service which today attends missionary work among the Chinese, were subjected to in that country. keen physical and mental torture and finally, to quote those who attempted It is probable that there will be to free them, "clumsily and brutally many to censure the British consular beheaded." officials for their failure to pay the ransom, $100,000 in the first instance The sufferings of the women were and later $50,000, that might have related by A. J. Martin, British Con- saved the lives of these two women. sul at Kienningfu, and the Rev. Dr. But the problem presented to the mis- Alfred Sills of the Church Missionary sion and political authorities, both Society, who returned from Kienning- Chinese and British, was a terribly fu after several weeks of strenuous difficult one. The C. M. S., although but unavailing attempts to save the as hard pressed for funds as any miscaptives. sion agency, was in favor of paying what the bandits demanded. Its first Chinese 'officials at Kien Yanghsien concern was for the safety of its were informed of the abduction and workers, and its readiness to go to at first displayed indifference, the any length to secure their freedom British investigators said, but after- will be honored in all quarters. But ward sent troops to the area. No the political authorities, although as strenuous efforts were made, however, much concerned for the safety of to release the missionaries. those involved as government agents are, decided against the payment. To More recently the Chinese captors ransom these women, it was believed, ·sent a finger in a letter to the British would be to expose all other foreigners authorities, saying they had cut it in Chinese interior to increased danfrom Miss Nettleton's hand and, un- ger of abduction by bandits. less their demand of $50,000 ransom was complied with at once, further harm would come to the missionaries.

Of THE

Retrospect Gospel of the Kingdom shall be preached in the whole world for a tes- The closing year has been a hard timony unto all the nations, and then one for many people. Readers of THE shall the end come." And not till then. REVIEW do not need to be told of the wide extent and serious character of A. J. B.

the business depression. Million8 of Return of Editor Pierson men and women have been out of employment, and many others have had Our readers will be glad to know of their incomes reduced. Missionary the return of Mr. and Mrs. Delavan boards, and educational and philan- L. Pierson from their long journey thropic agencies have felt the effects, around the world. Their schedule inand of course the weekly religious pa- c1uded Syria, Egypt, Mesopotamia, Inpers and the monthly missionary mag- dia, Burma, Straits Settlements, azines have suffered. Thoughtful China, Korea, Japan, Australia, New observers believe that the tide is turn- Guinea, and the Hawaiian Islands. It ing and that better times will soon was a long tour, involving hard travcome; but many have painful reason eling and the strain of many conferto remember the year 1930. ences and addresses. But it also A review of the year from the view- involved the joy of meeting missionpoint of missionary work is presented aries of whose work Mr. and Mrs. in articles in this issue, and we need Pierson had long known, and with not cover the ground again. Suffice many of whom they had formed ties it to emphasize the hope that Chris- of personal friendship when on furtian people everywhere will approach loughs in America. They brought the new year with a renewal of faith blessing and cheer to hundreds of and consecration. Evangelical religion lonely and burdened workers, and they is being assailed on all sides and world in turn received rich blessing for conditions are seriously disturbing; themselves as they communed with but let us remember that such assaults their fellow Christians both native and conditions are not new. The and foreign, and witnessed the wonchurches have faced them many times der working of the Holy Spirit in before. "But, Lord, Thy Church is other lands. In the good providence praying yet." Let us hear again the of God, they suffered neither illness voice of the Master to His disciples nor accident, and returned in excellent when, 1900 years ago, they went to health and spirits.

Him with sinking hearts and waver- We are sure that our readers have ing faith: "See that ye be not been keenly interested in Mr. Pier80n's troubled: for these things must needs Travel Letters, which have appeared come to pass; but the end is not yet. in successive numbers of THE REVIEW. But he that endureth to the end, the They have showed a remarkably insame shall be saved." Then followed telJigent understanding of the situa- His ringing words to the effect that tion in Asia and the problems now the troubles which so distressed them, affecting missionary work. Other arinstead of being a reason for discour- ticles from his pen will appear from agement and inactivity, were a re- time to time. The service to the misnewed challenge to go forward. "This sionary cause, which he has long ren- 934

TOPICS OF THE TIMES

dered with such eminent ability, will its the respect of the world. It is a be still further broadened and en- great thing to see a revolutionist who riched by the observations and ex- relies not upon the sword but upon periences during his journeys on the moral suasion, even though some of mission field. his followers do not thus limit them- As the Acting Editor was to have selves. In his demand for independ- charge of THE REVIEW only for the ence he undoubtedly represents the year of Mr. Pierson's absence, his edi- Hindus, who form the largest element torial responsibilities terminate with in the population of India. But there the present number. He has found are others. The 70,000,000 Moslems, his work very congenial, and he deeply while disliking British rule, would dis- appreciates the generously sympathet- like Hindu rule more, and they know ic cooperation which he has received that the success of Gandhi's independ- from the office staff, the Board of Di- ence program would place them in a rectors, the Editorial Council, and hopeless minority to their her~ditary many readers of THE REVIEW. With foes. The rulers of the 72,000,000 the background of an experience of 34 people in the self-governing native years as Secretary of a Board of Mis- states look askance upon Gandhi be- ,sions and this additional year in the cause they realize that the security of editorial chair, he is in a positi()n to their thrones depends upon British know the important place that THE protection. The representatives of the REVIEW occupies in the home and for- nearly 60,000,000 outcastes know that eign missionary work of the churches. the justice which they now receive in It is an essential part of that work, the courts and the gradual imptove~ maintained at no small sacrifice by ment in their lot are due to British devoted men and women who recog- rule and would be jeopardized if the nize the value of its service. I ear- high caste Brahmins had the power.

nestly bespeak for them, and particu- The Eurasians, who form a consider~ larly for Mr. Pierson who bears the able portion of the 4,754,000 people heaviest burden, the continued co- who told the census takers that they operation and prayers of all the read- are Christians, would far rather be ers of THE REVIEW. A. J. B. under British rule than under that of Hindus who despise them. The com- Does Gandhi Represent All mercial class, while not numerically India? strong, is influential and fears that internecine strife would demoralize The American people are in danger business if the British were to with- of being misled by the frequently pub- draw.

lished statements on thi,s subject. For There are indeed exceptions to these example, Dr. John Haynes Holmes, in generalizations. Some individuals in his Introduction to Gandhi's Autobi- all these groups support Gandhi's pro- ography, writes of Gandhi as "su- gram. The cla,sses shade into one an- preme throughout all India," "his word other at the edges. But the general everywhere obeyed," and his "person- statement may stand that nearly one al influence over three hundred mil- half of the people of India, while as lions of his fellowmen." The New restive as Gandhi under foreign dom- Yark Times publishes a letter from an ination, fear independence, India's East Indian stating "the country (In- demands at the London Conference are dia) is solidly behind Gandhi's Na- for dominion status. We would not tional Congress." minimize the significance of the inde- We share the general opinion re- pendence movement that Gandhi repgarding the high character and patri- resents, or the reverence with which otic motives of this extraordinary ma>1l. he is rel<arded. But India is not Whatever may be thought of the wis- "solidly behind" him, nor is he "every- dom of his methods, his sincerity mer- :where obeyed." A. J. B.

BY MRS. F. I. JOHNSON, 150 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW

President of the Federation of Woman's Boards for Foreign Missions It was with keen regret that the preceding the Day of Prayer-apeditor of this department found that pointed subcommittees for the set-up credit for the first two methods printed in six districts. in the October issue was not given to Each of these subcommittees Mrs. Fred Rector ·of Pawtucket, R. I. planned for more than one meeting Mrs. Rector is one of the officers in covering the district so that a total of the Woman's Baptist Mission Society thirty meetings were held with an atof Rhode Island. She taught methods tendance of more than 6,000 women. last year in several summer schools. T'oronto, Canada, organized for SUGGESTED PROGRAM FOR eighteen simultaneous interracial WORLD DAY OF PRAYER meetings. An interesting feature of By MRS. S. S. HOUGH these meeting·s was the reading of the Scripture by new Canadians in their Chairman of World Day of Prayer own languages. Committee Los Angeles reports the plan of February 20, 1931 holding a number of simultaneous We are rapidly approaching another meetings rather than a central meet- World Day of Prayer. Reports of the ing, this method having met with observance of 1930 are conclusive much favor and ,success. Twice the proof that the service may be adapted number of women attended and the successfully to any group whether ur- offering more than doubled.

ban or rural by wise, careful, and A Township Meeting in Massa.chusetts prayerful planning begun many weeks in advance of the day. The following "Apparently no one here had ever suggestions have been culled from re- heard of the Day of Prayer but I ports of meetings in crowded cities, found several women who became insmall towns, rural communities, iso- terested at once. With that much enlated frontier places, mission schools, couragement I went ahead with plans. and family circles, among women, girls and children. "We have ten Protestant churches in our township which covers an area Planning in Crowded Cities of about forty-five square miles. That means that some of the churches are How to make the Day of Prayer ef- as far as twelve miles apart and many fective in a large city has been a real of the women have no means of trans- problem for those who seek to hold portathm. Still, nothing venture, one central service. Many cities, how- nothing have. ever, have discovered a better method "One very important thing was to and instead of planning for one serv- find the right place for the meeting. ice which may call out a comparatively The Episcopal church in the main vil- small group they are organizing for lage is very lovely and I found they many meeting·s and find attendance would be glad to have us meet there.

doubled. "Enough of the 'Call to Prayer'

Greater New York organized its were secured to supply the women of General Committee about three months all the churches. The date and place 936

METHODS FOR WORKERS

of meeting was written on each call "We were a gathering of 14 women and bundles of them, together with a in the country but a wonderful spirit few programs, were distributed to of prayer was manifested, so glad to 'key' women. These were given out be able to have a share." in the churches for two Sundays before the meeting and the meeting was "We hope from now on this day will spoken of wherever there were groups always be observed by the women of of women gathered. this small mining and lumbering town on the Pacific Coast." "I had thought possibly twenty-five women might come but fifty women Home Mission Schools Also came, took part whole heartedly and expressed themselves as anxious to re- "The World Day of Prayer for Mispeat such a worthwhile service. Our sions is annually observed as one of offering was over $14.00. We all the greatest days of the year at the agreed that next year we would begin Pattie C. Stockdale Memorial School. earlier to make plans." The program has been so arranged that there could be student group Lonely, Frontier Places Link Up meetings for prayer at almost every hour through the day. Usually we "I write this on the evening of the begin with a before-breakfast prayer Day of Prayer. Our Birdtail Indian meeting, but this year we had early women have just gone home with their breakfast and were ready f.or a servhusbands who brought them with ice of prayer for missions at six-thirtheir dear brown babies. Just a few ty o'clock. In this meeting a talk was of them, but they came the fifteen made upon the significance of this day miles in to Birtle, to join with a few of prayer, and after each one of the friends here in the praise and prayer household had joined in audible petirising from the hearts of women the tion for the great cause of missions world over. we went out to make the whole day, as far as possible, one of intercession. "Our meeting started with dinner for those who had arrived, and then "One o'clock in the afternoon found we commenced our hour of prayer and the women of the Missionary Society song, mingling our voices and lan- joining in a special service of prayer. guages. It was a good hour, for we Even in this remote valley our women ,sang and prayed to Him who hears felt their oneness with the rest of the all tongues, and conue'iCenus to bless praying world, and the work of misall simple, eager hearts. With a cup sions became more real to us all. of tea for all twenty who came together, words of good wishes, our "At night there was a service of ,splendid Indian friends made ready prayer in our chapel at which were for the road once more. As I write present men and women and young they will have reached home. We people. The regular mid-week prayer pray that in their lives and in ours meeting was postponed until Friday Jesus Christ may indeed be lifted up." night so that we might gather to- gether to unite our voices with those "In a lonely corner of our province of earnest souls throughout the world." one woman left alone, went through the program of reading and prayer In one Negro school the four parts and sent her offering of one dollar." of the program were divided with a teacher speaking on each, and students "The daughter from a manse in an offering the prayers. Sometimes this outlying district came to Vancouver school arranges to have only the high to spend the day with a sick mother. school pupils in the assembly room, In the quiet of the sick room they had other years they have the entire school their own prayer service at the same in the chapel. hour the meetings were held in the churches and followed the program This day may be an integral part used in our gatherings." of the program of religious education. The chapel service offers a good time

for the observance. Preparation, how- Committee. This committee secured ever, may be made in the young peo- flags of many nations and made a ple's meeting on the preceding Sun- Christian flag. The Publicity Com- day, and in a faculty meeting. While mittee interviewed the ministers a teacher may have the day in charge, whose services were being broadcast she will wisely ask a few students and asked them to make special an- from the different classes to plan with nouncemimts. They also enlisted the her. Together they will arrange to editors of the church page of daily have students participate. papers and supplied articles about the A Girl's Vesper Service Day of Prayer. Multigraphed letters were sent to every church. The secretary- of young women's work of one of the churches of Winni- The Program Committee adapted peg, Canada, took it upon herself to the program and made assignments. initiate plans for a young women's The girls who had part in the service service. She writes, "I took the ini- held a meeting of their own for retiative early last fall. I obtained the hearsal. To the last meeting of the names of the secretaries of young committees were invited representawomen's work in the Anglican, Pres- tives from all the churches, an attendbyterian, Baptist, Church of Christ ance of seventy-four. This gave and United Church-these together opportunity for the final check-up and with representatives from the Y. W. promotion. C. A., Girl's Work Board, and Baptist Young People's Union, I called to a "The Vesper Service was largElly meeting in my home early in January. attended. There was a vested choir of thirty-six teen-age girls. Immedi- "Enthusing these women and girls ately following the Day of Prayer a to take hold of this entirely new and committee was appointed to plan for untried idea was the hardest bit of the service in 1931."

work I did throughout. From this Visualizations small beginning we tried to widen our scope to include as many nationalities, Many groups feel that visualizing denominations, and clubs as possible; parts of the program helps greatly in this necessitated several meetings. interpreting the message.

"We think the whole success de- During the closing period of silent pended on the two large preparatory meditation and consecration in one meetings. At the first one, held in the church, the room was darkened and an Y. W. C. A., we had about sixteen illuminated cross shone out while the representatives of various organiza- organist played softly "When I Surtions present. There was a great deal vey the Wondrous Cross" followed, of telephoning before this meeting during silent prayer, by the hymn "0 not only to church groups but to na- Jesus I Have Promised," played softly tional groups and to clubs such as on the chimes.

Quota Club (a Business Women's Several groups used an offering Service Club), the Manitoba Teach- service visualizing the objects for which the offering was taken. These er's Federation, and the Manitoba As- are made available for other groups sociation of Graduate Nurses. At this desiring to use them in the future. meeting brief reports were given and They are entitled "A Vehicle of Proga ten-minute inspirational address on ress" and "An Offering Service" ei- Pentecost and the World Day of ther may be obtained from denomina- Prayer. At this meeting it was de- tional boards, 6 copies for 10 cents. cided that our service be a Vesper Service and Committees on Program, The young women of one city ef- Music, Decoration, PUblicity and Ex- fectively combined the Scripture re- tension were appointed. A Ukrainian sponsive reading with the secti~m young woman headed the Decorations "Jesus the Desire of All Nations" in

METHODS FOR WORKERS

last year's pr{)gram, in the following No mortal did invent it, But God by angels sent it, manner: The leader, a girl dressed in white S) deeD and earnest, yet S() sweet and plain. stood behind an altar on which lay a large open Bible with a row of tall The love that it revealeth lighted candles on either side. The All earthly sorrows healeth; national, dress,l!d in costume ap- They flee like mist before the break of proached the altar and looking up into day. .

the face Of the leader, made the ap- When, 0 my soul, thou learnest, This song of songs in earnest, peal-the leader answering in the words of Scripture. Thy cares and sorrows all shall pass away. An American Student-Many of us are not satisfied-everywhere we turn Leader-I will sing unto the Lord we see things that are not Christian. as long as I live. We have been looking at Christ ….. . we see that he has something to give I will sing praises to my God while us. We see that we need Him and we I have any being. want Him. Jesus said, These things have I Leader-In the last day, that great spoken unto you that my j{)y may be day of the feast, Jesus stood and cried in you and that your joy may be made saying, If any man thirst let him come full. unto me and drink. Blessed are they that hunger and thirst after righteous- Sing unto Jehovah a new song and ness for they shall be filled. His praise from the end of the earth; ye that go down to the sea, and all I am the bread of life; he that that is therein, the isles and the incometh to me shall never hunger. habitants thereof. Let the wilderness and the cities thereof lift up their Antiphonal Duet-Art Thou Weary. voice, the villages and the inhabitants A Japanese Student-I am looking thereof sing. for God; can you show Him to me? Leader-So it has been through all Gandhi of India-I have not yet the ages among all the races and na- found Him …… It is an unbroken tions of all lands. torture to me that I am still so far F10r this is life …… to know God. from Him. Philip saith unto him, Lord, show us the Father and it 8ufficeth us. Leader-The whole head is sick and Jesus saith unto him, He that hath the whole heart faint. From the sole seen me hath seen the Father. of the foot even unto the head there In Christ men have found God com- is no soundness in it; but wounds and ing out of the inaccessible distances bruises and putrifying sores. and drawing indescribably near. A Buddhist of China-All my life Jesus said, They that are whole I have been seeking light for my mind need not a physician, but they that and peace for my heart. I have tried are sick. I am come that they might Taoism, Confucianism, Buddhism in have life and that they might have it more abundantly. vain. Leader-Jesus said, I am the light Come unto me all ye that are weary and heavy laden and I will give you of the world, he that followeth me shall rest. not walk in darkness but shall have the light of life. The Children's Hour A Latin American Skeptic-You "For the first two years we held have a song in your heart; ……that only one central meeting for children is why we came to hear. A hidden in Rochester, N. Y. A circular letter voice sings "A Song in the Night." was sent to each church in the city asking that fifteen children from each There is a song so thrilling, Junior department of the Sunday- So far all songs excelling, school be appointed to represent them. We had at each of these meetings That he who sings it, sings it oft again. about one hundred children.

"For two years we have been hold- sonville, Florida. Try it in your coming meetings in four sections of the munity or through a near-by station. city. Early in the year I asked the pastors of four churches near the cen- Printed Material Available ter of each section for the use of their church auditoriums for our meetings. "A Call to Prayer" by Baroness We have always had a cordial response. Van Boetzellaer van Dubbledam, The Netherlands; a special "Call for "A circular letter was carried to Young People" by the same author, each church in the city by the council (both free with orders for p'rograms.) representative, who was responsible for getting the advertising acros,s in The Program-"Ye Shall Be My her church and Sunday-school. Witnesses," by Miss Kathleen Mac- Arthur of Toronto, Canada (2c, $1.75 "If the entertaining church had a per 100). Suggestions for leaders religious work director she, with the free with each order for programs. pastor's aid, attended to the church Special suggestions for young people invitations for the community, either also free. by telephone cr letter, enlisting the cooperation of all pastors and super- A Service of Consecration, "Lookintendents. ing Unto Jesus" by Miss Jean Paxton, of New York (10c, only two being "In one community, two years ago, needed). the pastor of the entertaining church asked the neighboring pastors to come A poster, new design in colors (10c). with their children and lead their groups in prayer. After the children's Seals for use on letters and envehour he called a meeting of the pas- lopes ($1.75 per 1,000, 25c per 100). tors and as a result there were regular community meetings during Lent with Separate sheet of pictures illustrata celebration of the Lord's Supper in ing the projects, same as used on prowhich Methodist, Baptist, Lutheran, gram, may be had free of charge, if Episcopalian, Presbyterian' and Evan- needed. gelical churches united. This union is still in operation for the best inter- "An Offering Service," "A Vehicle est of the community. of Progress" (another offering serv- ice) "A Praise Service." Any of these "Last March, although the rain fell may be had in mimeographed form, in torrents, over' four hundred chil- six copies for IOc. dren of different races representing about fifty churches attended the serv- Order from denominational Mis,sion ices. Children's choirs were used- Boards. simple programs prepared and printed containing prayers adapted for use by LIFE'S SEVEN STAGES children and linking them in friendship with the children of all lands and First Prize Demonstration for Receivraces." ing the Christmas Offering, Chautauqua, N. Y. On the Air By NELLIE E. KUHNS, Erie, Pa. Increasing number,s of radio stations are setting apart some period of The cast requires seven peI1sons as the day for broadcasting a brief serv- Christmas Spirits, with an interpreter ice. Frequently it is the morning de- and supporting characters-IS pervotional hour. In s'ome places it is the s'ons: The Interpreter, the Seven twilight hour. WEAF of New York Christmas Spirits; a very small girl; had a hook-up for a 15-minute Day of a school girl of eight; a girl graduate; Prayer service of eighteen stations two lovers; a mother with baby in from New York to Omaha, Nebraska, arms and smaIl child; a middle-aged and from Portland, Maine, to J ack- woman; and an old lady with white hair.

Christmas envelopes should be given out before this service which is held at the December auxiliary meeting

METHODS FOR WORKERS

when the Christmas offering is to be When the seven Spirits return with received. the offering let them turn and face the audience with the offering plates in Stage setting may be white back- their hands, while those behind them ground with holly wreaths. Soft music on the platform join with them and the may be used as curtain rises, and dur- audience in singing: "Christ for the ing intervals. World We Sing." (Curtain.) Interpreter: Seven Spirits of AN "ABSENT MEMBERS MEETING" Christmas are about to appear. They are the spirits that guide and care for By MRS. P. H. AUSTIN humanity at each of the seven stages of human life: babyhood, childhood, I heard a pastor say that he had youth, lovetime, motherhood, middle- been wondering as to what time of age, and those in the sunset glow. year his parishoners were at home; Each spirit will bring with her some- that in the winter most of them went one representative of our foreign to Florida, and in the summer most fields, of some phase of our work, of them were at the seashore. This standing for the seven stages of wom- set me to wondering just what method anhood we work to redeem and bless. was used, if any, to keep these folks in touch with the home church. And Enter Spirit clothed in crimson lead- then a suggestion came to me as to a ing tiny Japanese kindergarten child; plan for keeping in touch with our Spirit in orange follows with eight- missio.nary women who are away, so year-old school girl with bag of books; that they may realize we as an or- Spirit in green walks beside two lov- ganization, are interested in· them, ers (Hindu maid and man); Spirit in and at the same time guard against blue guides Chinese mother carrying their losing interest in us. baby and leading small child; Spirit in yellow walks beside college girl in Why not have an "Absent Members' cap and gown; Spirit in violet walks Meeting." Gather correspondence with a serious, middl&-aged Korean from those who are away. Ask these Bible-woman; while Spirit in silver to write newsy letters concerning leads a very old negro woman with their surroundings and activities. white hair, but with gay turban and Have excerpts made of personal letneckerchief. When all are upon the ters received by friends of the abplatform in semi-circle facing audi- sentees. Have a message to go. from ence they lead in singing: "In Christ the meeting to these folks and not There Is No East or West." through the secretary.

Interpreter advances and says: Another suggestion would be to "These seven stages of life in our nine- give time in regular meetings for mesteen foreign fields are helped and made sages from the Florida and seashore happy and useful by the offering in folks. This will create a spirit of our Christmas envelopes. Sometimes friendliness and of closer cooperation. they need kindergartens, sometimes day schools, here and there they need It would be practical to ask the aba college, or an industrial school for ,sentees to send back methods which widows, or an orphanage, or a baby- they have seen used in the churches fold and they look to our Christmas they are attending during their vacaoffering to make these things possible. tion time, a poem which they have The seven Christmas Spirits will wait found spiritually helpful, or perhaps, upon you for your offering." a new song.

(Let the Spirits in red and green *** lead the others in taking up the offering, while the ten persons remaining I know not the way I am going, on the platform lead the others in sing- But well do I know my Guide; ing: "Saviour, Thy Dying Love Thou Gavest Me," (verses 1, 3, 4). With child-like trust I give my hand To the mighty Friend at my side. -Ho,vergal.

WOMAN'S HOME AND FOREIGN

EDITED BY FLORENCE G. TYLER, 419 Fourth Avenue, New York, and FLORENCE E. QUINLAN, 105 East 22d Street, New York Executive Secretaries of the Federation of Woman's Boards of Foreign Missions and Council of Women for Home Missions SOME OF THE DELEGATES A'I' THlU IN'l'ERlIACIAI, CONIJ'ERIllNCE IN OBIllRLIN AT WORK FOR CHRISTIAN RACE that the common interests of the dele- RELATIONS gates were many and vital; and the committee which had been appointed By KATHERINE GARDNER to help "break the ice" had no work to do. Associate Secretary, Commission on the Church and Race Relations, Federal Council of The next impression is frankness. The purpose of these interracial con- 1~~y <;,~u;~~r~h~~c~h~~;,,~~,:g~e~·;l~tf.:~dof'i'i:":t Commission.

As one looks back on the Third ferences is to bring together denomi- Interracial Conference of Church national leaders f'Or a facing of prob- Women which was held last June at lems, for the discussion of pDlicies and Oberlin College, Ohio, under the aus- programs and for planning ways and pices of the Federal Council of means for carrying these out in the Churches there are three impressions denominations and IDeal communities.

that stand out with special distinct- At the opening session after a masness. The first of these is fellowship. terly 'Outline of the' general situation, In spite of the fact that the delegates given in a series of thumb-nail were divided racially, that they repre- sketches by Professor Edwin L. Clarke sented seventeen denominations and of Oberlin, the delegates brought out came from nineteen states, north and from their personal experiences simi- sDuth, there was a unity of spirit, a lar difficulties in the life of the church oneness of purpose and an atmosphere and analyzed these to see where and of friendliness frDm the very begin- how church women can become effec- ning of the conference. The small tive in bringing about better cDndi- groups that visited together between tions. These discussion periods were sessions in the comfortable lobby, out marked throughout by a spirit of ob- under the trees on the campus, or jective frankness, with'Out self-decepdowntown at the soda fountain, showed tion or sentimentality.

942 The third impression was the pro- We Recommend: That each local unit examine the groupings for interracial gram of action. The conference find- work to see whether the committees are adequately representative of all groups ings did not merely express the senti- concerned, and to discover ways in which their work can be influenced by the exments of the delegates but gave a perience of interested groups outside the membership of the committee so that the definite outline of work to be under- Interracial Committee shall have the confidence of the whole community. taken during the next two years. Ways of Work From the beginning it was made clear We believe that the best results come that this conference was not an end from meeting concrete situations in the community as they arise, rather than atin itself, but just a part of a long, con- tacking the question of race relations in the abstract or merely setting up special tinued, patient program of education events.

which stops every two years to meas- We need to study ways in which groups have arrived at successful solutions and ure the results accomplished and gath- ask the Women's Committee to make re- ports available to local groups. er fresh impetus and inspiration for We believe that the churches ought to the work ahead. The one hundred and be reminded of the importance of the work of groups of laymen in the developnine delegates who met at Oberlin ment of public opinion in regard to race relations, and in supporting individual went back to their homes, to their members of the church who may find themselves in critical positions in the communities, to their church responsi- life of the community.

bilities with the feeling that each one We believe that members of churches could increase the effectiveness of any had a definite share in the great task community enterprise if they would in- sist that the planning committee include of making America ChrIstian in Race representatives of all racial groups in- volved. Relations. We believe that local groups should Findings study ways in which public opinion may be influenced in regard to race relation- The Findings can best be interpreted ships. (For instance, the use of the by those who shared in the conference press.) experience. Each item in this program of study and action was wrought out We recognize that only by a long conin the spirit of friendly understanding tinued program of steady work which which controlled the discussions. persists despite temporary failure will our community life in its interracial re- In order to carry out this program we lationships measure up to Jesus' definishall have to find a way to bring about tion of the good life. effective participation by both national and local groups. The conference sug- The Conference authorized an urgests careful experimentation in cases gent request that arrangements be where there is joint responsibility. made for accommodation without dis- crimination for all delegates at the If the program of the next conference, North American Home Missions Contwo years hence, is built upon the study gress in Washington in December, and and action which follows the adoption that if such accommodations cannot of these findings, we shall then be able be provided the Congress be held in a to measure our progress and discover city where satisfactory arrangement new ways of work to meet new situations. can be made.

We Recommend: That we ask the What Can We Dol Women's Committee to interest a research organization in undertaking a Adopted by one denominational group before study of the policy and practice of the leaving Oberlin. denominations: We aim to use our denominational In their training of Negro leadership publications-state and national-to for church activities at home and abroad broadcast information about this conwith particular reference to problems involved in isolating racial groups; In relation to Negro women employed as missionaries at home and abroad with reference to opportunities for employment, qualifications of candidates, salary and living conditions, and opportunities for professional advancement.

We Commend the work of the Curriculum Committee in the criticism and preparation of material, and in securing Negro members on denominational curriculum committees and look for report of further progress at the next conference.

ference to show what is being accom- cemmittee. Every effort should be plished. made to have children 'Of all races and nationalities represented on the cem- We will do all we can to continue the mittee and on the program. The rep- effort to secure for all our Negro dele- resentative from each church would, gates, at all denominational meetings, of course, be responsible for interestequality of privilege and treatment as to ing the pa,stor and all those working hotel accommodations. with children in her church, both in Sunday school and in mission bands. We will study the question of race At the first meeting of the committee, representation on our curriculum and a subcommittee on publicity should be literature committees. appointed to care for newspaper pub- licity, posters to be distributed to all We will seek opportunities to report cooperating organizations, anneuncethis conference at local and state meet- ment of the meeting at children's ings. gatherings several times before the Day of Prayer, and all other publicity. We will urge all local Councils or Fed- These plans would be worked out in erations of church women to take active cooperation with the chairmen of the cognizance of the interracial movement young peDple's and the women',s comand to put into their programs a study mittees, to unify the whole observance. of local race relations. Let us remember this is a children's In order to push back the horizons of service and be sure the children have our denominational thinking, we will try a large share in the planning and the to further reading courses through trav- pregram. In addition to their having eling libraries and reading projects. charge of the musical selections, the presentation 'Of the projects and the of- We will urge local churches to stand fering as suggested belDW, they might behind the work of the Urban League be the ushers, perhaps dressed in co-sand National Association for the Ad- tumes 'of different nationalities. Envancement of· Colored People. courage the children to take the initia- tive in deciding time and place for the We will help to arouse a new apprecia- meeting, decoration, ferm and length tion of the achievements of the Negro of service, presiding officer, methods race. of publicity, etc. The majer responsi- bility should be in their hands se that We will seek to secure in church As- they will feel the observance is truly sociations and Federations equality of their own. status for Negro churches. In developing the program let us CHILDREN IN THE WORLD DAY build it areund the theme "Ye Shall Be My Witnesses," the ,same theme OF PRAYER that is being used by all Christians througheut the werld. It may be well Children in the World Day of to appoint a small committee to work on the pregram itself. Boyg and girls Prayer! What a day it would be if who have had experience in arranging children around the world "of every services for their own weekly meetrace and clime" could know about the ings will be helpful. World Day of Prayer and together unite in prayer for love, justice and Hymns familiar to the majority peace throughout the world. What it should be selected. There might be a cDuple of prayers to be read in unison would mean to the children! What it and also 'Opportunity fDr spontaneous would mean to the communities! What praying by the children. Impersona- tion 'Or dramatization will help in it would do in furthering the Kingdom making the hour interesting. In one of Ged on earth!

In arranging for the children's observance of the World Day of Prayer, plans should be made just as far in advance and with just as much thought and care as for the women's and young people's observances. If there is a chairman of children's work in the interdeneminational missionary federation, she is a logical person to chair the cvmmittee in charge. The children's worker in each church in the community, representatives 'of the Girl Sceuts, Boy Scouts, Girl Reserves, Camp Fire Girls and of all the various organizations ,should constitute the

WOMAN'S HOME AND FOREIGN BULLETIN

meeting last year "Art Thou Weary" Prayer: was sung antiphonally by two Negro young girls. One dressed as a pil- We thank Thee, Lord, whose care has grim or traveler carrying a lighted kept lantern came down the aisle singing as she came, being answered by one Our homes in safety while we slept, in the front of the room. In another And pray that through each long, long place, a pageant with children of many races assisting, helped to convey the day idea of world friendship. Some groups Thy loving hand will guide our way. have used the salute to the Christian In school, in play, be near us still, flag: "I pledge allegiance to my flag And make us wish to do Thy will. and to the Saviour for whose Kingdom it stands; one brotherhood uniting all Amen. mankind in service and love." Hymn: "Saviour, Like a Shepherd Lead As a climax to the program, an in- Us." (First verse.) teresting missionary story may be told by one who does this well and who has Prayer: That we may truly live as chila real appeal for children. The mis- dren of Jesus, thinking, speaking, sion boards can supply such material. doing as He would-in our com- "How the Artist Forgot Four Colors," munity. by Margaret Applegarth, in "Missionary Stories for Little Folks," is very At home, At play, appropriate. At school, At church.

A definite place should be given to Hymn: "Saviour, Like a Shepherd Lead the offering, for this is the part of the Us." (Second verse.) program in which the children have an opportunity to express their friend- (Sung by group of children of as many ship in a concrete way. Just before nationalities and races as possiblethe closing hymn is a good time. In dressed in costume.) order that the four projects will be understood, they may be presented by Prayer: That we may live as children of children dressed to represent a Mi- Jesus in our country. grant, an American Indian, a child from the Near or Far East, a student By being friendly to children of all from Japan, China or India. It may races, be found advisable, in order not to confuse the children with ,so many By being kind to the sick, projects, to choose one in the home" By sharing with the children who are land and one overseas for the offering and present those through story or poor, impersonation. By being true Christian citizens, By telling the story of Jesus to chil- Suggestive Program Outline dren who have never heard it.. Quiet music as children assemble. Hymn: "Saviour, Like a Shepherd Lead Call to worship. Us." (Third verse.) Leoadperra: ise the Lord, all ye nations; Prayer: That we may be true children of Jesus in the world. Praise Him, all ye people. Response: By being friends of children of all na- tions, For His merciful kindness is great toward us, By being appreciative of all the things And the truth of the Lord endureth their countries send ctuostuos~s of chil- forever. By understanding the dren of other lands, All : Praise ye the Lord. S By sharing Jesus with all the children of the world.

Hymn: Tune, ,"Tramp, TrllJUP, Tramp." Jesus loves th~· little children All the children of the world: Red and yellow, black and white- All ar e pre ctihoeu sl i titnl e Hcihsi lsdirgehnt ·~f the Jesus loves world.

Impersonations by four children dressed in aPl?ropriate costumes, showing nee?s III the four fields· especially deSIgnated for prayer and gifts: Women's Union Christian Colleges in Foreign Fields, th: ~:d~~fN:: ~~teC~~~~I.can be secured from

Christian Literature for Women and and has public opinion changed as to Children in Mission Fields, the desirability of the other?

Indian Work, What was the reason for not having Migrant Work. the House ratify treaties? Offering: Taken up by four chil?ren Why does "each vote against a treaty, who have given the impersonations. in the Senate, count double"? Why is it Hymn: "We've a Story to Tell to the "more difficult to conclude peace than to Nations." make war"?

Prayer: What was the result of Washington's Our Father as we've prayed today effort to carry out the constitutional pro- We've thought of children far away vision that he should obtain the "advice" In other lands across the sea; of the Senate? How is the Senate's "ad- Help us their loving friends to be. vice" on a treaty obtained now? Can Help all Thy children everywhere the Senate force the President to accept To share Thee and Thy loving care. its advice? Amen. Who chooses the emissaries who nego- EDITH E. LOWRY and tiate our treaties? What has sometimes guided this choice? What are the ad- VIRGINIA KAISER. vantages and objections to appointing Senators as negotiators? READERS' OOURSE How can amendments in the Senate Prepared by National Committee on the indirectly kill treaties? Do treaty Cause and Cure of War, RO<!ID 1116, Grand amendments require a majority or a Central Terminal Building, NE'w York. two-thirds vote? What is the attitude of foreign powers to amendments by the S'EOTION II- Senate? What new method was used by the Senate, to express its interpretation The Treaty Veto of The American Senate of a treaty, in the case of the Briand- by D. F. Fleming. Published by G. Kellogg Pact? Do you think this method P. Putnam's Sons. $3.00. preferable, and if so, why? Is the prac- Dr. Fleming's book has f!ve grea~ ~r­ tice of amending treaties increasing? What proportion of all treaties submittues' it deals with a subJect of IIVlllg ted to it has the Senate amended? Of significance: it is thoughtf.ully con- these, how many were killed by the ceived: it presents thE!; facts III O1:derly amendments? form: it is clearly written: and It arrrves at conclusions. Those who care How many treaties have been killed at all about the operation of the ~rea.ty,~ unconditionally by the Senate, i. e. othermaking power cannot afford to miss It. wise than by amendment? Of the twen- ty killed by the two-thirds requirement, —Charles A. Beard. how many would have been ratified if only a majority vote had been required? The Treaty Making Power.s of the Sfln- ate–Information Service, Foreign Fate of ATbitratiort Treaties Policy Association, 18 East 41st St,. New York, issued October 12, 1928. What special sectional interests are An excellent, easy reference upon the obstacles to the ratification of any arbi- most important points in the above tration treaties: In Maine? In the book. We recommend all readers to South? In California? possess themselves of it. 25c. What provision for the peaceful settle- Queationnalret ment of disputes was made in the Olney- Paunce/ote treaty of 1897? What did on the Senate exclude from arbitration? The Treaty Veto of the American Was the amended treaty ratified?

Senate What international event iIi 1899 gave Secretary Hay confidence that treaties Technique of Treaty Making of arbitration would be ratified by the Why did the men who wrote our Con- Senate? How did the Hay treaties dif- fer from the Olney-Pauncefote treaty? stitution fear a strong Executive? How did the Senate kill the treaties? What is the constitutional provh;ion What did Secretary Root concede in for treaty making; what is the function order to secure ratification of his tTeaof the President; of t,he Senate? . ties? ..

What two things dId the Convention What did the Senate claim a right to stress as "vital to successful diplomacy"? pass on, in the compromise? Has the plan adopted secured the one, What provisions for the peaceful set- ~n I appeared in October; Section III tlement of international disputes were added by the Taft tTeaties? What was wi¥'rhfleea~ui:Ae:riB or similar ones will be the attitude of Lodge and Roosevelt? What amendments were made in the on the program of the Conferpnce on the Cause Senate? Did the Senate then ratify? ani! Cure of War, January 19·22, 1931. Wash· Ington, D. C.; all delegates should be prepared to answer them.

What did the Bryan treaties provide? tion? What was President Coolidge's Were they arbitration treaties? Were view of this addition, as expressed in they ratified? How many nations signed his Armistice Day speech? What was them? our action on the proposal by the Powers, between September 1926 and February What advance was made in the Kel- 1928? logg-Bria,nd treaty of 1928? What was Senator Gillett's proposal? Sum up what the Senate is afraid to What was Secretary Kellogg'S reply to submit to arbitration. the Powers in 1929? What was Mr. Root's suggestion? Our Relation to the League of Nations What influence had the Russo-Japa- What is the present status with renese War on the peace movement in this gard to our entry into the Court? country? What two Americans were especially outstanding in the movement? GOLDEN RULE SUNDAY What three Americans figured most con- Golden Rule Sunday is to be obspicuously in the first public meeting of served again this year in behalf of the· the League to enforce peace? How early under-privileged children of the world. did the break between Lodge and Wilson Among the projects cited for interest occur? What was the attitude by Lodge and Roosevelt to Wilson's fourteen and gifts are the American Indian and points? the Migrant children of Qur land.

In the Commission on the League of All contributions especially desig- Nations, at the Peace Conference in nated will go in entirety to the proj- Paris, what was the most difficult matter to agree upon? What compromise word- ects named. It is hoped many groups, ing was finally adopted? communities and individuals will des- ignate these two projects. Did the Senate wait to give its "advice" until the Covenant was submitted to it? Did it, in spirit as well as in RURAL RECONSTRUCTION IN letter, leave to the President the direct INDIA contact with foreign powers? Did Wilson ever discuss the treaty with the For- The "Rural Reconstruction Unit" is eign Relations Committee? Did he make the goal of future endeavor among the any effort to meet the Senate's objec- Christian Churches in India working tions upon his return to Paris? for village development. To take ten or a dozen villages and place in the What was Senator Lodge's Round Robin, and how many Senators signed it?

How was the Covenant amended in midst it trained staff to care for eco- Paris? How did the request for amend- nomic uplift, religion, education, ments affect the President's influence in health, cooperation, agriculture, indusdiscussing the Treaty of Peace? tries, markets, etc., will revolutionize What did Artlcle 10 of the Covenant provide? Could we have been forced to our method and give us a "drive" tosend troops abroad without our consent? ward a more adequate and self-sup- Did it create a "super-state"? porting leadership in the Church in India. Concentration in a limited sec- After amending the Covenant, did the Senate ratify it? Did it receive a majority vote? tion, coupled with intensive effort, will The World Court render excellent results.

What move towards creating peace ma- At the call of the National Chris- chinery was promised in the Republican tian Council thirty delegates from platform of 1920? India, Burma, and Ceylon met for a discussion on rural reconstruction. What four reservations to the World Those who attended were intimately Court Protocol did Secretary Hughes propose?

How long did the Senate delay before aware of specific practical methods discussing it? and aims. The recommendations cen- What did the Republican platform of tered about the unit mentioned above. 1924 promise with regard to the World Court? What points were covered in the five KEEP THOU THY DREAMS reservations? What was Secretary Kel- Keep thou thy dreams, logg's answer to the request by the other powers that we explain what the reser- The tissue of all wings is woven first of vations meant? How many of the five them. reservations were accepted by the Conference of the Powers? What provision From dreams are made the precious and did they wish to add to the fifth reserva- imperishable things, Whose loveliness lives on and does not fade. -Selected.

AMERICA than evangelicism is building some-

Centennial of Bolivar thing to take its place."-Congrega- tionalist. VENEZUELA is making elaborate preparations to observe this month Awakening Latin America the centennial of the death of Simon Bolivar-one of the most important THE United States is facing figures in the hi,story of the New throughout Latin America the World-who freed Venezuela, Colom- greatest opportunity and responsibilbia, Ecuador, Peru and Bolivia from ity since it first sympathized with the Spanish rule. He visioned another many movements for Latin-American United States of America on the independence. Recent events, particsouthern continent, but unlike George ularly in Argentina, Peru and Bolivia, Washington, with whom he is fre- demonstrate that the people of the quently compared, he was forced to United States should stop patronizing build without supporters from the Latin America by sarca,gtic comment Scottish and English middle class, on "revolutions" and "instability." with their traditions of self-govern- Such a "holier-than-thou" attitude ment. It has taken many years of ed- should be supplanted by a realization ucation for the South Americans to that revolutions like those in the coun- approach our starting point. tries named are inevitable and nat- ural "evolutions" when economic and Evangelism in Latin America political conditions become intolera- LATIN AMERICA is just now in a ble. They express the inherent and po.sition where it is eager to know patriotic desire of the people for repthe real Christ. This is the opinion resentative and democratic govern- of those interpreters most familiar ment. They show stability of ideals with the conditions in South America and purposes, if not of immediate ad- -among them, Prof. Erasmo Braga, ministration.

the leading educator and evangelical People of the United States should layman of Brazil; Dr. John Mackay, awaken to the fact that the chief char- formerly a profes,sor in San Marcos acteristic of this new era is the new University and a lecturer before the leadership of the young throughout youth of university centers in South all Latin America. This youth move- America and Mexi~o; Dr. George P. ment begins with ambitious and pa- Howard, who has been conducting triotic students and reaches up crowded mass meetings in Bolivia, througl:! the younger element occupy- Argentina, and Chile; Dr. Vincente ing positions in governmental offices, Mendoza, pastor of a Methodist church newspapers, business and banking in Mexico City and editor of the Span- houses and educational institutions.

ish Journal of Religious Education; It is not only influencing but even and Dr. E. Stanley Jones of India, shaping the internal and external pol- who recently visited South America icies of the governments to a degree on an evangelistic tour. The oppor- never known before. For this reason tunity might be described as an in- the future of United States-Latin- terim when modern education is American relations will largely de- "wearing away Roman Catholic au- pend on awakening the interest and thority in South America fal' faster cooperation of this powerful element 948

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

in developing permanent United pital was immediately cleaned and has States-Latin-American good-will. – functioned ,since the withdrawal of the John Barrett, in The New York Times. Communists.-New York Times.

CHINA Cihinese President Is Baptized as Christian Schools Forbidden to Ex- Christian hibit C,hristian Litera.ture GENERAL Chiang Kai Shek, Na- tional President of China, was THE Ministry of Education con- baptized a Christian, October 23, at siders that the religious books, Shanghai. The branch of the Chrispapers, magazines and pictures in the tian church into which he was bap- Christian school libraries calculated to tized is Methodist. stupefy the minds of the youth should be strictly forbidden, except those Chiang and his wife arrived early which have to do with selected courses that morning from Nanking. He went on religion related to the study of immediately to the home of his philosophy in senior middle schools and mother-in-law, Mrs. Soong, in the Inuniversities; all others have to be for- ternational Settlement, and there the bidden. simple ceremony was performed in the afternoon by the Rev. Z. T. Kuang, The Ministry of Education refuses Chinese pastor of the Young Allen passports to ,students who contemplate Memorial Church. going abroad and including religious subjects in their studies. The pastor asked the President whether he sincerely desired to become In the China Christian Advocate, a Christian. Chiang replied that he Rev. A. R. Kepler, General Secretary did, whereupon the pastor sprinkled of the Church of Christ in China, re- water upon the young President and ports the following experience- admitted him to the Christian church.

The ,sister of my Associate General Only a few intimates of the Presi- Secretary has been expecting to take dent attended the ceremony. They post-graduate study in America in re- included his brothers-in-law, T. V. ligious education. She made her ap- Soong, Minister of Finance, and T. L. plication to the Government for her Soong, chairman of the Whang-Poo passport. Today Dr. Fan, my col- Conservancy, and the Foreign Minleague, received a letter from the Min- ister, C. T. Wang. All are Christians. istry of Education, informing him that -New York Times. the Ministry will grant passports to students to study abroad ,only upon How Red Indians Prayed for Chinese the condition that they will not include any religious subjects in their Murderers 35 Year. Ago studies. This has become the fixed policy of the Ministry of Education. AMIDST the mingled feelings -Chinese Recorder, Shanghai, Sep- aroused by the tragic murder in te,mber. China of Miss Edith Nettleton and Miss Eleanor Harrison, the real spirit Yale-in-China of The Church Missionary Society and its supporters may be best expressed T HE buildings of Yale-in-China in by a prayer of some Indians in a C. Chang,sha, which were attacked by M. S. Mission in Northwest Canada Communi,sts recently, were damaged thirty-five years ago, when they heard less severely than was at first believed, of the terrible massacre at Hwasang, according to a statement issued by E. in the same Province of Fukien in Fay Campbell, executive secretary of which the latest martyrs have worked. the institution, at the local office in The Rev. R. W. Stewart, his wife and New Haven, Conn. The hospital was two children, and their nurse together entered, damaged and left in a filthy with six women missionaries of the condition, but the campus was un- C. M. S. and C. E. Z. M. S., had been touched, the statement said. The hos- done to death by a fanatical band call-

ing themselves Vegetarians. In his Economic Facts from Japan record of this tragedy, Dr. Eugene Stock, in his great "History of the THE first railway in Japan was C. M. S.," says that when the little opened in 1872. By 1887, there congregation of Indians received the was a mileage .of 641, and twelve thou- news they prayed: "Say it again, dear ,sand in 1929, with over a billion pas- Jesus. 'Father forgive them for they sengers in that year. The first Japaknow not what they do.' 0 Gracious nese-built steamer of 6,000 tons was Spirit, Thou art not quenched by blood. launched in 1898; yet by 1920, Japan's Let it make Thy garden soil strong merchant fleet of three million tons to grow Chinese believers in." ranked third among the world p.owers. The value of manufactured prodcuts Dr. Stock also recorded that the fact increased from 685 million dollars in that the C. M. S. asked for no com- 1914 to three and a half billions in pensation greatly impressed the Chi- 1927. This phenomenal economic prognese authorities. What the Society did ress has been made in the face of fordo was to hold a great meeting for midable obstacles. The country is so prayer for China in the old Exeter mountainous and the weather so ad- Hall, and within the next four years ver,se that only one-sixth of the land they secured nearly fifty recruits for area of Japan is under cultivation. the Fukien Provinee.-C. M. S. Bul- The average farm covers only two and letin. one-half acres, and the crops are con- stantly imperiled by flood, drought, JAPAN-KOREA frost, hail, and typhoon. The ratio of population to the amount of arable Commission on Higher Education to land is the densest in the world, three times that of Germany or India, and Japan twelve times that of the United States. Moreover, the supply of essential raw REPEATED representations from materials is dangerously inadequate. Japan as to the urgency and de- -American Friend. sirability ·of the Educational Commission projected for that country pro- S:ignificant Items from Korea ceeding during this year have led the Committee of Reference and Counsel to ONE of the best taxi drivers in authorize a subcommittee to make ar- Seoul, as well as one of the most rangements for this Commission. The successful, is a young Korean woman. scope of the Commission will include She owns her own car. both collegiate and intermediate school education, and for both women and The average Church attendance is men. It will include theological edu- more than double the membership. cation as well. Effort is being made to secure Christian educators of outstand- The special emphasis which has been ing position in the United States who given Sunday school work is shown by will be competent to deal with the the fact that such schools have inproblems raised in the largest Chris- creased 227% and the membership tian spirit, as well as with the most 215%, in ten year,s. excellent educational background. Invitations have been issued to member- Aside from missionaries' salary and ship on the Commission, but none of travel expense, the cost to the mission these has yet been accepted. Plans for each new communicant received are proceeding for the financing of during the year, was about $74.00. the Commission's activities, and it is hoped that arrangements can be made Although the number of missionfor it to sail early in 1931. The sub- aries has increased only 34% in ten committee charged with the task of years, the number added on confession arranging for this matter consists of of faith has increased 159% in 1930 Dr. Robert E. Speer, Dr. John R. over the number received in 1920. Matt and Dr. R. E. Diffendorfer. During the ten years under con- sideration, the number of missionaries has increased 34% while the number

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

of ordained native pastors increased the "Chauncey Maples," named after 73%. the bishop who lost his life in the lake after nineteen years' service, has been When figures call your attention to sailing the,se waters since 1901. Few the 62% increase in church buildings, craft, including the government boats, please remember that the Korea Mis- will face the perilous and choppy sion has nothing in its budget to as- crossings between the east and west sist in this work. The 57% added com- shores that the "Chauncey Maples" municants are responsible for these still regularly performs. This boat additional churches. was originally not only a means of transport but was used as a floating Perhaps the most encouraging single training college for African students. item in the accompanying comparison of results, is the increase in organized Innumerable are the smaller boats churches from 74 to 138 in ten years. used by practically every missionary -From the Rev. M. L. Swinehart, society. They cruise among the creeks Seoul, Korea. of West Africa, the coast of New Guinea, or, like Dr. Albert Schweit- AFRICA zer's "The Thank You," the gift of Sweden's women, they are to be seen A Successful Union in Sierra Leone on equatorial rivers.-H. W. Peet.

FOURAH BAY COLLEGE is a good Scientists Visit Moravian Station illustration of cooperation in Christian education. On the staff at pres- ON JULY 9 the whole body of the ent are four Anglicans, one Wesleyan, South African Association of one United Methodist, and one Bap- Science set out to visit the old-time tist; and the support comes from the Moravian Mission Station of Genaden- C. M. S., the Wesleyan Methodist So- dal, where some 4,000 colored folk pass ciety, a government grant, an African their lives in quiet content, cut off legacy, and college revenue. from the world at large.

An old student, who took last year As the fleet of twenty-five motorthe London B.A. degree, has further cars threaded its way thl'ough the vildistinguished himself by appearing at lage street, children ran to the roadthe head of the list in the first year side shouting, faces appeared at doors course at the College of Medicine of and windows, for never yet did such Durham University, and in conse- an avalanche of cars descend upon quence being awarded a scholarship. this peaceful settlement. The visitors Canon Horstead says that this success were received by the European minwas "achieved after the very minimum ister in charge. Here hundreds of the of science training in Africa and al- inhabitants of all ages congregated to most the minimum of time in Eng- be present at the arrival of "die geleland."-C. M. S. Outlook. erde mense" (the learned people). In homely language the minister wel- Missionary Boats in Africa comed the scientists, and gave a brief historical survey of the founding of NYASA in Central Africa may be a the settlement, which dates back to lake, but tough seamen will tell 1737. It is a curious coincidence that you they have been seasick on these the day of the visit, July 9, was the waters when they have never been ill anniversary of the actual date of the elsewhere. The first ship of peace to landing at the Cape, in 1737, of the sail on this lake was the "lIala," which first Moravian missionary. The min- Dr. Robert Laws, following Living- ister told of a certain oolored convert, stone's steps, took there in ,sections in a woman named Lena, who had proved 1875. The "lIala" is no more, but the to be a real "Lady with a lamp!" For "Charles Janson," relaunched on the many years when there was no Eurolake in 1885, is still in commi8sion pean pastor at the station she kept for the Universities' Mission to Central Africa. She sank two years ago, but was salvaged. Her bigger sister,

alive the light of the Gospel. The man who "had great authority" under little Bible given to her.by the depart- Queen Candace, who went to Jerusaing missionary in 1744 is still among lem "for to worship" and who on his the sacred treasures of the community. way back to Ethiopia went down into -From the Cape Times in Moravian the water with Philip and was bap- Missions. tized.-New York Times.

Haile Selassie, Emperor NORTH AMERICA I F THE Queen of Sheba could be- Cooperative Adult Edueation hold the million-dollar crowns of gold which were placed, October 21, I T IS interesting that the biggest coupon the heads of her reputed de- herent adult education enterprise scendants in Abyssinia, and witness in the United States concerns rural the ceremonious splendor of the hom- life. The Oooperative Extension Servage paid to her country that has now ice in Agriculture and Home Econombeen admitted to a seat among inde- ics, in every state in the Union, empendent nations, she might be expected ploys 5,800 trained men and women to exclaim, as she did in the presence who serve as agricultural agents, of Solomon's glory, that the half had borne demonstration agents and spenot been told her. But when it is re- ciaiists. The system, including the membered thllt one of her gifts to United States Department of Agricul- Solomon amounted to approximately ture and the state extension services $4,000,000, in addition to spices of in agriculture and home economics, great abundance and precious stones, has a total budget for this year of the crowns of gold and the Kaiser Wil- nearly $24,000,000. It includes not helm coach and the gifts which the only the paid professional staff, but Duke of Gloucester has borne from the also 273,000 volunteer leaders and layonly other Emperor in the West would teachers. The method of work is seem meager to her, however lavish in democratic; needs are appraised, prothe eyes of a modern democracy. grams are made and in large part car- ried out by men and women in the With all this Oriental show, the eyes businesses of farming and horne-makof the new Emperor look toward the ing. Action is coupled with learning. West. He is given credit for securing –Outlook of Missions. the admission ·of his country to the League of Nations and for bringing Lutheran Radio Programs slavery toward its end. He has introduced European teaching in the CONVINCED that religion can be schools of his capital and has sent made a vital concern to men even young Abyssinians to America and during the week, the Lutheran Church Europe for their education in Western is undertaking a new and ambitious ways. He has built roads and shown experiment in religious radio by initihospitality to modern enterprises and ating a series of religious mid-weekly Occidental ideas. broadcasts during the so-called "amusement hours." The program is Though Christianity was not adopt- known as the Lutheran Hour and goes ed before the fourth century, the first on the air over a thirty-four-station, dweller in that part of the world to coast-to-coast hook-up of the Columbia be baptized as a Christian was the Broadcasting System every Thursday treasurer of Queen Candace, whom night at ten o'clock Eastern time. Philip saw sitting and reading in his Other stations will be added in the near future. It is estimated that the chariot on the road to Gaza. So the cost of the project will be approxi- Emperor who kept vigil in meditation mately a quarter of a million dollars and prayer at St. George's Cathedral at a year. The necessary money is being Addis Ababa should have recalled in raised largely through free-will ofhis litany of thanksgiving not only the Queen of Sheba but also the nameless

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

fering,s by members 'Of the Lutheran nDt allow any liquor in their tDwn, Laymen's League and the InternatiDn- nDr would they gD to war. In the oode al Walther League, respectively the 'Of rules adDpted August, 1772, Article 'Official lay and YDuth organizatiDns 'Of 13 was as fDllDws: "We will nDt admit the Lutheran SynDdical CDnference 'Of rum Dr any 'Other intoxicating liquDrs North America. ND sDlicitation fDr intD our towns. If strangers Dr trad- funds will be 'Over the air during the ers bring intDxicating liquDr, the help- programs.-Ch~trchman. ers shall take it from them and nDt restore it until the 'Owners are ready Pioneer Mission in Ohio tD leave the place." A little later they T HE stDry 'Of the Moravian Indian adopted Article 19: "We will nDt gD Mission at Schoenbrunn is a 'StDry to war, and will nDt buy anything 'Of 'Of Christian herDism, rDmance, pathos warriDrs taken in war."-Joseph E.

and tragedy. We.inland, in Booklet.

TD David Zeisberger, John Hecke- welder and their brave coworkers, be- Government Recognizes Negro Educa- longs the credit of blazing the way tion T thrDugh the primeval fDrest, building HE American churches early recDg- nized that the emancipatiDn of the here the fiflst town in OhiD, and here establishing a piDneer center for the slaves brought upon them a special teaching and applicatiDn of the simple prDblem, a duty and an DPPDrtunity.

Gospel 'Of Christ. The Congregationalists, MethDdists, It was 'On May 3, 1772, that Zeis- Baptists, Presbyterians and others berger and a small cDmpany of Chris- have cultivated this field with intel- tian Indians arrived at the Big Spring, ligence, liberal gifts of money and and began the erectiDn of temporary cDnsecrated teachers, and with a large dwellings. On August 23d, an addi- measure 'Of success.

tiDnal cDmpany 'Of Indian converts and The Federal Government, on the their families, numbering over 200 other hand, has lagged behind the sDuls, arrived under the directi'on 'Of churches in fulfilling its educational the Rev. JDhn Heckewelder and the obligatiDn tD this handicapped pDpula- Rev. John Ettwein. At the end of the tiDn group. Yet there seems tD be a next year the tDwn oonsisted 'Of 60 new spirit mDving in WashingtDn, fDr hDuses of hewn timber, besides huts it is annDunced that the Secretary of and lodges; a church forty feet by the InteriDr, 'On the recDmmendation thirty-six feet, and a schDolhDuse. 'Of the Commissioner 'Of Education, has apPDinted a DirectDr 'Of Negro Educa- These Delaware Christian Indians tiDn. The appointee, a Negro, Dr. came with their missiDnaries frDm AmbrDse Caliver, is a native of Virtheir fDrmer MissiDn Towns in Penn- ginia, a graduate 'Of Knoxville CDllege, sylvania, which they had been forced and the University of Wisconsin. He tD vacate because 'Of the encroachments has studied at Tuskegee, Harvard, and 'Of unprincipled whites. Many of these Columbia, and has had broad experi- Indians had their faith tested again ence as a teacher and in social and and again by fire and sword, and thrill- civic work among his race. Until reing indeed will be the stDry of their cently he was dean of Fisk University. lDyalty to Christ amid all the persecutions they endured, when this story Secretary Wilbur of the Department is fully tDld. These rrllssionaries be- of the Interior, in announcing the lDnged to a bDdy which was Protestant creation of the new division of Negro befDre the Reformation. Education, outlines the activities which it will CDver as follows: In reality also the missionaries and their converts at Schoenbrunn formed In realizing these purpDses, the 'Office the first Temperance SDciety and the will endeavor to collect facts 'Of aU kinds first Peace Society west 'Of the Al- bearing directly on NegrD educatiDn, and leghenyMDuntains for they wDuld make pertiomc digests 'Of educatiDnal

literature dealing with or which may be December ses·sion, when it will elect of use to Negro education. The specialist a bishop. He adds: in this office will visit schools and communities throughout the country; make I can name six ordained Indian men contacts with school officials and others who, for India, could be bishops the equal who are interested in Negro education; of the average American bishop. Five attend and address meetings of educa- of these six could tour America and in tional and other organizations on topics the English language represent Indian relating to his specialty; and will act Methodism at its best and highest. They as consultant on Negro education with would be received in American homes, educators and others desiring his serv- institutions, and conferences as cultured, ices. In performing his duties the spe- intelligent and effective leaders. I could cialist will endeavor to confer with and name a second list of seven who under utilize the services of specially qualified the pressure of necessity, such as has persons in the various fields throughout arisen in all ages and organizations, the country; and will attempt to focus could take the task of episcopal leaderon the problems of Negro education all ship and do creditable service. These of the expert knowledge, techniques and two lists are actual and not imaginary. educational forces available in the na- I have carefully set down their names in tion. writing at my desk and have prayer- -Christian Advocate. fully considered their characteristics, in the light of my twenty-six years of Plans for Home Missions Congress knowledge of these men. Every forward- looking, free-minded, prominent Method- ANNOUNCEMENT has been made ist missionary or Indian, familiar with our Indian constitutency, could easily 1"1 of the arrangements for the guess the first six.

Nmth American Home Missions Con- -Christian Advocate. gress for which preparation has been made for nearly two years. The out- For_an Christian College Plans standing facts as outlined by Dr. William R. King, Executive Secretary, THE F'Orman Christian College at are as follows: Lah'Ore, India, has large plans for the future. The College has nearly The dates are December 1-5, 1930. eleven hundred students, forty-five The place of meeting is the Calvary professors and instructors, and occu- Baptist Church, Washington, D. C. pies a site of about fourteen acres in the center of the city. The Presby- The objectives are to consider what terian Church, U. S. A., and the Methis the home missions task, how it odist Episc'Opal Church (North) are should be administered, how it should united in the sUPP'Ort and management be promoted, and how the denomina- of the College. The new plans inv'Olve tions should cooperate in the task. transfer to a two hundred acre site 'On the 'Outskirts of the city ab'Out f'Our The attendance is to be limited to miles distant. The present pr'Operty about 500 official delegates and 300 as- is very valuable and the proceeds from sociate delegates, designated by the its sale are to be invested in the new denominations constituent to the plant. Ten halls 'Of residence will Home Missions Council, the Council house 600 students and there will be of Women for Home Missions and the about thirty residences for teachers. Federal Council of the Churches of The chapel will be the central build- Christ in America, the three bodies ing, and we earnestly hope that the under whose auspices the Congress is spirit of worship, fellowship and servto be held. ice will dominate the whole c'Ollege life. INDIA Lahore, the capital of the Punjab, Bishop-Tbnber in India is a rapidly growing city 'Of more than 300,000 pe'Ople. It is the greatest stu- BISHOP Fred B. Fisher, now sup- dent center in India outside of Cal- ply pastor (If First Church, Ann cutta. There are eight art college·s Arbor, Mich., formerly Bishop of Cal- and seven professional, with between cutta Area, opposes the suggestion that the Southern Asia Central Conference would do well to choose a missionary rather than a national at its

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

6,000 and 7,000 students. Forman Christians who are in a minority in College has about 600 Hindu, 250 Mo- the country. The Palestine Arah Ex- hammedan, 200 Sikh and 50 Christian ecutive, the memorial adds, has not students. We plan for no distinctions a right to act or speak in the name of any kind. Hindus, Moslems and of the Christians here.-New York Christians will live in the same dor- Times. mitories. If India's future depends upon leadeyship, then that leadership Islamic Disintegra.tion above all requires character. This is a day in which religion should be in- "THE solidarity of Islam" is an timately associated with education in expression which should never the training of Indian youth. be found in the thought or speech of Above all, the new college aims to a Christian missionary. Too often emphasize the need for Christ in each have church and convention platforms life-and in our common life and in been given to propagators of a spirit the national life of India. We desire of unbelief in the possibilities of work your prayers and your interest in the among Moslems by referring to Islam new Forman Christian College at La- as a "solid rock." Such an attitude is hore.-President Edmund D. Lucas in not conducive to faith, zeal and in- Women and Missions. vestment in the missionary enterprise.

Ta.gore on OpiUDl Curse Mohammedan leaders admit the lack of Islamic unity. Islam never will be I DEEPLY fet'll in my mind the shame united again. The dismembering of and sorrow of India at being made the Turkish Empire went far to break to act as an agent in smothering with down that religious cohesion of the moral poison the humanity of -some of Moslem world which was the secret of those great peoples whom, in a more its power. With the passing of fortunate period of her history, she Turkey from the place of Moslem leadsupplied with the healing gift of truth. ership went the potency of the Cali- And therefore, all the more gratefully phate. The writer was deeply im- I join my voice to the chorus of con- pressed several years ago by the demnation against the opium traffic message of an experienced missionary raised by the noble band of workers in Palestine who told about the diffiwho are -struggling to clean the his- culties encountered in preaching under tory of man of one of the darkest Turkish regime. Missionaries in that stains which is the most difficult one very locality have now all the opporto efface.-Rabindranath Tagore, Gen- tunities to preach that they can use, eva, Aug. 25, 1930. Letter to Captain and more. The veteran missionary Richmond P. Hobson, President of the hILS lived to baptize Moslem converts International Narcotic Education As- where formerly no man would speak sociation. to him about Christ.

WESTERN ASIA The wall of Moslem unbelief has not been broken down, of course, but there Christians Ask British Not to Quit are plenty of cracks in it. To -say that it still presents a solid front is no Palestine longer correct. Persia, the fair land that fell an early prey to the Moham- BEFORE Dr. Drummond Shiels, medan sword, is now the scene of a Under-Secretary for the Colonies, great spiritual movement. Hundred-s left Palestine October 15, the Society of Mohammedans have accepted Christ of Young Christians handed to him a as their Saviour. Other eastern counlong memorial in which they protested tries can testify that in them also "a against the Moslem demands fur the people for His Name" has been abolition of the British mandate in brought to the pierced feet of Jesus. Palestine. -John R. Turnbull in World Domin- ion. The Palestine Christians are greatly in faV'or of the British mandate because this is the only security for the

Turkey and Greeee Abandon War a people whose poverty allows only minimum demands upon the market. Holiday_ Meat is scarce because farmers slaugh- tered their cattle before entering the ASTEP .of special imp.ortance in in- collectives. Cattle are only 86 per ternati.onal affairs was taken re- cent of the pre-war stand. There is a cently by Greece and Turkey, when shortage of fish, for which one can they mutually agreed t.o discontinue find no real explanation. It is almost h.olidays in their respective c.ountries impossible t.o obtain shoes because which had been Clevel.oping ill-will and hides are as scarce as meat. Furniture hatred. Since the reoccupati.on of seems available only in -second hand Smyrna by the Turks in 1922, each an- markets, and the indescribable assortniversary .of the capture has been ment of "junk" on sale in such markets widely observed in western Turkey. reveal how much little beyond bare ne- The day revived memories of the cessities in food and clothing is being Grreco-Turkish war; it made fresh produced in Russia. old hatreds and in general became a grand time to rattle the sabre. Greece, A woman physician whose income on her part, had a day of mourning amounts to fifty-five dollars per month, for the loss of Smyrna when, again, and whose real income after dues, fuel was piled on the flames of the taxes and forced government loans are old Turko-Greek feud. But the two na- subtracted is only twenty-seven doltions have liquidated their differences lars, reports that she must hire a maid and -signed a treaty of friendship. The for the purpose of standing in food two governments have further dis- lines for her and she estimates that cussed h.oW t.o devel.oP closer relations. it requires six hours per day to secure Since these tW.o h.olidays tended t.o only bare necessities.-Christian Cenbuild ill-will rather than g-o.od-will it tury. was mutually agreed to di-scontinue them after this year. Dr. Mott'. Conferences in Great That such a move can be made in the Britain Near East speaks much f.or the new mentality that is developing there. It DR. JOHN R. MOTT'S report of his is another illustration that practical experiences in Great Britain in -statesmen, even where .such bitter- meeting -students and laymen interestness has reigned between national and ed in missionary work-indicates that religious groups, can appreciate the the field problems which are giving nece&sity of building constructively most concern to the British boards infor peace.-Christian Century. cluded education and literature, and the evangelistic m.ovements in Japan, EUROPE China and India. Some of the prob- lems that emerged m.ost strongly in his Dr. Reinhold Niebuhr on Runia many conferences with both the stu- dent and lay groups were: rfHE doubts which arise in the minds .of foreign observers, among How to develop a dependable eco- nomic base for what we see coming. which we consulted many technicians and specialists whom Russia is em- How to get more of tlie front line ploying by the hundreds, relate to the men and women to hear the call and reefficiency rather than the energy with spond. which the Russian experiment is being undertaken. A superficial view How to give an adequate interpretaof the RU&sian scene seems in fact to tion that will arrest the attention and yield one outstanding impression of stir the whole being of the people who inefficiency. The endless queues of must be lifted and moved if we are waiting people bef.ore every store to accompli.sh greater things. show that producti.on and distributi.on are inadequate even to the needs of How can we enlist the men and women of largest affairs who have Christian relationship but are now

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

negligible as a force in this work of bility for maintenance and supervision Christ. of the schools is thus incumbent upon the church. How to multiply the number of apologetic pens and voices for a time ISLANDS like this. Lepers at Oulion. Philippines Dr. Mott stressed very strongly the feeling that he found again and again No MORE called the Island of Death the great desirability of a larger de- it is now named both privately gree of unity and cooperation in mis- and in the press, "The Island of Hope." sion work. And we are glad to notice, that in- stead of being brought by main force, Jugoslarian Ohureh Stabilized as in the days gone by, patients ask to be sent here; so many more seem to THE church situation in Jugoslavia recover in Culion than in any of the has been stabilized through the pas- other leprosariums. Of course with sage of the new law signed by the the number of doctors and nurses and King, chartering both Lutheran and all the best facilities both as to hos- Reformed churches. The charter calls pitalization and general treatment, for the estabJi.shment of independent and with an unexcelled laboratory, it Lutheran organizations using the Ger- ought to be so. Millions have been exman tongue Jind the Slovak tongue, the pended in equipment. Protestant Church 'outside of the Lutheran being established as a single The physical aspects of the colony Reformed unit. have also materially improved, more adequate housing and much better Particular features of the new law buildings are being added constantly, include the right of the Church to ac- and the new roads are opening the quire and hold property, the granting island's interior, so that a good many to the Lutheran Church of the Augs- autos, mostly converted into jitneys, burg Confession a periodical subsidy are giving the people a chance to get from the State, the amount of which away from the rather crowded center must be recommended by the church of Culion, and this has added to the authorities to the Ministers of Finance general well-being. and Education for inclusion in the budget of the Government. Church We have for some years had two buildings, structures used f,or humani- country chapels for those of our memtarian and cultural purposes, the bers that have moved out, and the bi.shop's headquarters and parish number is steadily growing, though houses and parsonages are exempt it does not seem to affect the number from all taxes and imposts. The elec- attending the main church. tion of the head of the Church must be corufirmed by the King. The pas- Many of our best workers have been tors are exempt from any sort of civil able to return to their homes this year. service which may be considered in One dear deaconess had brought 19 opposition to the teachings of their re- souls to Christ in the two years since ligion. she was converted, and the others had all been used to the measure of their Religious instruction is imparted by gifts. One deaconess has been able to the pastor and, in case there is no pas- bring her whole family and many tor, by an acknowledged teacher of the neighbors to Christ, since she returned Lutheran faith. The Minister of Edu- home. Others are writing hopefully cation outlines a plan for religious in- of their efforts in the same direction struction in agreement with the stand- from a number of provinces. Thank ards of the Board of Education. The God, while we miss them greatly here, creation of parochial schools is de- the Lord is using them elsewhere, and termined by the church authorities He gives us the privilege of always subject, naturally, to confirmation by having eagerly attended training the Ministry of Education. Responsi- classes for new workers. One brother,

an elder, was a long while Sunday- work has prospered and made an school superintendent in his home amazingly large contribution to the church, and has been offered the pas- Oriental life of Hawaii. Within the torate. From Davao in the south to past ten year,s, 2,680 adults and 7,010 the furtherest part of the north they children have been baptized, and go, and God goes with them. We are $364,000 actually invested in church so thankful for the privilege God gives and parsonage property, a considerus to bring these dear ones to Him and able portion of that sum being raised to prepare them to be living witnesses locally.-Jay S. Stowell, in the Chrisfor ,our Master.-P.F. Jansen, in The tian Advocate. Philippine Presbyterian. GENERAL Missions in Hawaii " 0 "One Book for All People" NE Book for All People" is the ON A day in April 1820, there ap- theme for Universal Bible Sun- peared off the shores of the Sand- day, which occurs this year on Dewich Islands a boat carrying fourteen cember 7. The American Bible So- Congregational missionaries. Within ciety has mailed to thousands of pasthree months of their arrival they had tors throughout the United States the king himself reading the New an interesting brochure on this theme. Testament in English, and in a short by the Rev. James I. Vance, D.D., pastime, with the aid of a passing mis- tor of the First Presbyterian Church sionary from the South Sea Islands, of Nashville. Universal Bible Sunday they had reduced the native language aims through directing attention to to writing, and the printing press its notable passages, its majestic literwith which they were equipped was ature, and its sacred message to deturning out not only Webster's spell- velop a greater dependence upon it ing book in English, but an Hawaiian recognizing it to be preeminently the primer, the Sermon on the Mount, the "One Book for All People." Gospels, and finally the entire New Testament in the Hawaiian language. Faith and Order COllllllittee Meet The forty years of Hawaiian history THE Continuation Committee of the following 1860 were for the most part Faith and Order Conference conyears of reaction and change. In 1862 vened in Murren, Switzerland, August more than one-third of the Hawaiians 26-29. Strong men, and busy men, were church members; forty years were there who were willing to give later (1902) only one-tenth. In the their time and thought in serious busimeantime, large numbers of non- ness. Whatever lethargy and indif- Christian Orientals had found their ference to Faith and Order there may way to Hawaii, particularly after be among the rank and file of the 1876, when a reciprocity treaty with Christian communions, there is no the United States rendered the sugar doubt of the earnestness and strength industry profitable. At that time the of conviction on the part of some of total population of the islands was the great leaders of Christendom toonly about 57,000, the Hawaiians hav- day. From the prominent communions, ing greatly decreased in numbers, a east and west, Orthodox and Free circumstance which should not be Church, came men who believed in charged to the missionaries, as the this thing and who,se spirit could not native decrease had been amazing dur- be quenched by temporary repulses or ing the forty-two years of pre-mission- delays. One could not meet and hear ary contact with the white man',s dis- these men without being conscious of eases and vices. their earnestness, vision, courtesy and For a generation now the Methodist faith-yes and their infinite patience Episcopal Church has been specializ- and love. . . . Unanimously it was de- .'i~g in Oriental work in Hawaii. The cided to begin plans looking forward

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

to another world conference to be held The Life and Work Committee not later than 1937. It was the most important action at MUrren. This is THE meeting at Chexbres, Switzer- a spur to the investigations of the land, in September, of the Continu- various commissions now at work. It ation Committee of the Stockholm will focus the attention of the Chris- Conference 'On Christian Life and tian world on this quest for unity- Work, was attended by more than 75 in which quest some of us believe with representatives of world-wide church all our hearts.-Bishop Warren L. Rog- groups. The Lord Bishop of Win- ers, in The Churchman. chester, acting as chairman of the Executive Committee, played a very Eva Clark Waid Memorial Fund for important role. The Lord Bishop of Chichester, Dr. Bell, whose services as World Peace Secretary of the Lambeth Conference alone would entitle him to wide recog- THE Eva Clark Waid Memorial nition, likewise contributed mU.£h. So Fund for World Peace, which the did many others, including Bishop Am- Council of Women for Home Missions mundsen of Denmark (this year's is raising, has been growing through preacher at the League of Nations), the summer months but is yet far Archibishop SOderblom of Sweden, Dr. from the $10,000 goal. Now that the William P. Merrill, Bishop Warren S. busy season for Christian work is Rogers and Dr. S. Parkes Cadman of here again, friends .of the cause of the United States, Professor Wilfred peace may show their love and loyalty Monod and Pastor J ezequel of France, by sending a gift to add to resources Dr. Adolf Deissmann, Dr. Stange, Dr. for spreading knowledge of the ac- Siegmund-Schultze and Dr. Hinderer c'Omplishments and things yet to be of Germany, Professor Alivasatos of accomplished in the establishment of Greece, Professor Choisy of Switzer- peace on earth and goodwill to men. land, and Dr. G. F. Barbour of Scot- land. It was a meeting in which, in Wars and rumors of war from near spite of many debates revealing dif- at hand and from the utterm'Ost part ferences, practically all important ac- of the earth bring to us a realization tions were finally unanimous. that the "King's business requireth haste." This part 'Of "the King's busi- As its name implies, the Life .and ness" can be best furthered by edu- Work Movement, which came into be- cating people away from war psy- ing through the memorable conference ch'Ology to thoughts of peace. at Stockholm in 1925, concentrates on the practical tasks of the churches. One of the finest agencies to ac- In it practically all of Protestantism, complish the desired result is the Na- the Anglican churches, and the Orthoti.onal Committee on the Cause and dox bodies of Europe are united to a Cure of War, which will hold its next degree nowhere else realized in of- Conference in Washington from Janu- ficial bodies. ary 19th to 22d. At that time the absence of our afore-time leader, Mrs. What the League of Nations is in Waid will be felt keenly. Her wise the realm of politics, the Life and judgment, brilliant mind and buoyant Work Movement must become in .the faith will be s'Orely missed. It would realm of church cooperation. The cause be a real satisfaction to lovers of of peace, as well as the all-embracing world peace, and to her personal cause of the Kingdom, demands infriends as well, if the announcement creasing practical m.oves in the direcof the completion of the fund -bearing tion of this kind of international her name could be made at that time. Christian cooperation. Its cost is re- latively small; its product is already Gifts, large or small, may be sent significant; its promise is distinctly to the Council of Women for Horne heartening to lovers of the universal Missions, 105 East 22d Street, New Christ.-Henry S. Leiper. York.-Florence E. Quinlan, Secretary.

WORTH

Any books mentioned in theBe columns will be forwarded by us on receipt of price.-THE REVIEW.

G. Campbell Morgan, the Man and His Prayer. By W. E. Orchard. 135 pp. Ministry. By John Harries. 252 pp. $1.25. Harper. New York. $2.50. Revell. New York. There cannot be too many good Campbell Morgan is one of the nota- books on prayer. And this is a good ble preachers of this generation. No one. The famous London preacher has other living minister has been heard some peculiar ideas on other subjects, by more people of all denominations but this little volume shows that he and in a larger number of cities in knows prayer. He discusses its phi- America and Great Britain. He repre- losophy, practice and power, its thesents a type of which Protestantism oretical and practical difficulties, and does not have enough and for which, the various forms of intercessory, unfortunately, it makes no official pro- mental and mystical prayer. He brings vision-namely a mini,ster of excep- the reader into the inner chamber of tional pulpit power, freed from the Christian experience, face to face with parochial exactions of a local pastorate Christ. The book can be carried in a and devoted to a ministry at large. pocket and read with profit at a;}y Great preachers are few and should available time. not be monopolized by rich city congregations but should be used for a wider Affirmations of Christian Belief. By Herapostolic ,service for the inspiration bert Alden Yantz, Ph.D., 114 pp. $1.00. of many pastors and congregations Macmillan. New York. throughout the country. This is a small but weighty book The present volume describes such by the professor of the philosophy of a ministry. It can hardly be called a religion and Christian ethics in the dispassionate biography, nor, as its Graduate School of Theology in Obersubject is still living, a complete one. lin College. The sub-title is "Essays The writer is an enthusiastic admirer Toward Understanding Spiritual Perof Dr. Morgan and he can see only sonality." In six thoughtful and sugperfection in him. He has given us, gestive chapters, the author state,s the however, a remarkably interesting nar- beliefs that he firmly holds and that rative of a man whose natural gifts he deems essential to an understandfor public speaking, he began to ing of the Gospel of Jesus. Not all preach at the age of thirteen, have the essential affirmations of Christian been developed and supplemented by belief, but those that ani discussed hard and unremitting study. Dr. Mor- are helpfully treated.

gan is preeminently an expository Life of PhlIllps Brooks. By William Lawpreacher, and hundreds of thousands rence. 151 pp. $2. Harper. New have found their hearts burning with- York.

in them as he has opened to them the Phillips Brooks was one of the most Scriptures in Sunday sermons and influential Christian leadens of his in week day conferences and Bible generation, and his influence still classes. In his sixty-eighth year he abides. He was big in person, in heart, is apparently as vigorous and eloquent in brain, and in spiritual force. He as ever. We are grateful to Mr. Har- could not have a more competent biogries for this graphic account of a rapher than his distinguished succes- great evangelical ministry. sor in the Episcopal diocese of Mas- 960

BOOKS WORTH READING

sachusetts. BishQP Lawrence bas of thQse given under Missions. How- written with sympathetic recognition ever, if one desires to' know the opin- of the great gifts of his subject. One ions of the famous and the less known, rises from the perusal -of this admir- (such as Bishop Kilgo, Harrahan, able biography with a fuller under- John Plato, Raans, BiederwQlf and standing Qf a remarkable preacher, Coolidge) the bQok may be Qf inter- and with a strengthened faith in the est. A redeeming feature is the fact beauty and power of the Gospel that he that all of the qUQtations are con- so eloquently proclaimed. To him, structive and nQt destructive of faith "religion," says Bishop Lawrence, in the GQspel and its PQwer untO' sal- "instead Qf being a phase of life, a vation. S. M. ZWEMER.

creed, or a system Qf theQlogy, was The Korean Church and the Nevins Meth- life itself; a power transfusing and ods. By Charles Allen Clark. 278 pp. trans1iguring the whole personality." $2.50. Revell. New York.

Mahatma Gandhi-His Own Story. Edited The authQr is prQfessQr in the by C. F. Andrews, 371 pp. $2.50. Mac- Union Theological Seminary at Pyengmillan. New York. yang. As a Presbyterian missiO'nary Whatever differences Qf QpiniDn who has lived in Korea for twenty- there may be regarding the wisdQm seven years, he has participated in Df his methDds, nO' Dne can dDubt the most of the movements described in character and the single-hearted de- his treatise.

vQtion to' an ideal of this extraDrdinary Two things make this an important man. Dr. J Qhn Haynes Holmes, of volume for friends and students of New York, whO' writes an Introduc- mISSIons. In the first place, it deals tion of eighteen pages, goes sO' far with Korea, a field where missions as to characterize him "as Qne Qf the have had marked -success. A history supremely great persDnalities not only .of the NatiQnal Presbyterian Church Df his own but of all time." Many is given, tracing its development frQm bOQks and innumerable articles have 10,000 to 160,000 members in thirty been written abQut him, and nQW we years. The story of the remarkable have "his Qwn stQry," edited by his growth Df this Church in self-gQvern- c1Qse friend and devQted disciple, C. ment, self-support, and self-propaga- F. Andrews. It is a human dDcument tiQn shQuld be an inspiratiQn to all whO'

of absorbing interest, not only re- are interested in the spread of the counting the outward events of Gand- Christian faith.

hi's life but disclDsing his mQtives, In the second place, this volume his aspirations, and indeed the very treats fully the much-discussed "Nevi- SQul of this remarkable leader 'Of mil- us Methods." Since the success of the liDns Qf men and worrien. The book KQrea MissiDn is attributed largely is Dne of the nDtable autDbiographies to their use, students Qf missions will of literature. wish to benefit from this careful docu- mented study. D. J. FLEMING. The World's Best Religious Quotations. By James Gilchrist Lawson. 192 pp. $2.00. Revell. New York. This Believing World. By Lewis Browne. 347 pp. $1.00. Macmillan. This is a disapPO'inting bQDk in many ways. The aim of the authQr Written in 1926 by a yQung rabbi has not been attained. Some Qf the of 29 years, this bOQk on "the great qUQtatiDns are inaccurate, SQme un- religions of mankind," has been re- printed 16 times and is nQW reissued labeled, and, in SDme extraordinary in this cheaper editiO'n. It is brilcases, mislabeled. The adjective, re- IigIQus, is too narrow fDr the scope of liantly written, but frDm a Christian viewpoint it is very unsatisfactory, as the CQntents. Under Bible, Christ, and might be expected from a rationalistic Sin, the quotatiDns are cO'mmonplace Jew who rejects everything superand nQt arresting. The same is true natural in the Old Testament as well 6

as in the New and who sees in Jesus and reverent gratitude 'Of vanished only a man of "extraordinary person- worshippers and make any page alive ality." with them 1" the author modestly asks. Well, he has done it beyond any Glimpses of Grandeur. By Frank Dur- other writer .on this subject with mard Adams. 234 pp. $2. Harpers. which we are acquainted. The book New York. is notable for its range of thought, its accuracy of scholarship, its catholicity The author, who is minister of the of ,spirit, and its beauty of diction. Universalist Church of Our Father in Detroit, here attempts to make real Ten Thousand Miles With a Dog Sled. and vivid the earthly life of Jesus. Hudson Stuck, D.O., F.R.G.S. Sec- He says that his "primary purpose has ond Edition. 420 pp. $4.00. Scribbeen, not to produce another formal ners. New York. biography of Jesus, but rather to present a series of consecutive pictures Missionary itinerating, with its throwing into sharp relief the most hardships and perils and 'yet its JQYs significant scenes and characteristics and its values, has never been more of His ministry." In doing this he interestingly portrayed than in this has used his imagination in enlarging bQok. The author is the Archdeacon incidents and filling in backgrounds. of the YukQn, of the Protestant Epis- There is an occasional opinion from copal Church. For many years he has which we dissent, but the general tone ranged over the vast region in the of the book is reverent and devout and interior of Alaska with his message the author has evidently sought to ex- of the love of God in Christ. His alt Christ. narrative is a stirring 'One, abounding in informatiQn, in incident, in graphic Procession of the Gods. By Gaius Glenn description and in evidences of the Atkins. 577 pp. $3.00. Richard R. blessing that the Gospel brings to Smith. New York. lonely, isolated people. This is an exceptionally interesting The first edition was published in book on the religions of the world, by 1914. As it was n'O longer obtainable a minister who, after successful pas- and as the demand for it was renewed, torates of Congregational churches in this second edition has now been is- Providence and Detroit, is now pro- sued. It is a volume of permanent fessor in the Presbyterian Theological value, an epic in missionary literature, Seminary in Auburn, N. Y. His f'Or- a tQnic to faith, and an unconscious mer volumes, notably "Pilgrims 'Of but none the less splendid witness t.o the Lonely Road," "Modern Religious missionary devotion. Cults and Movements," and "The Making of the Christian Mind," have taken A BUSINESS OF YOUR OWN high rank in religious literature, and this one, we think, is destined to be- Material depression turns people's mind to things come a classic on the subject. With spiritual. Our country needs WHOLICSOME and rare insight he portrays man's faiths CHRISTIAN books. We publish and import them. and superstitions and aspirations and We list ONLY books which are true to Bible. gropings after God from "the dark Some 600 titles in Fiction. Fine Religious Books. and the dawn" through Egypt, Baby- AGENTS WANTED in ALL SECTIONS. BIG lon, Nineveh, Persia, Greece, Rome, COMMISSION. ASK for CATALOGUES. Arabia, India and China, to the su- TERMS. etc. preme revelation by the prophets and apostles of Palestine and the incarna- WM. B. EERDMANS PUBLISHING CO. tion of Jesus of Nazareth. It is a 234 Pearl Street, Grand Rapids, Mich. moving story of the struggles of the human spirit, "if haply they might SOMETHING NEW! feel after Him and find Him." "How Syat_atlcDailyBeadiagCards can one recapture the awe and fear NBW ~ S~stftJt l!!..nas;s to Rev.ratio.. How to read your Bible once each year in 16 min~ otes a day. A PRACTICAL GIFT to Your Friends.

eo_plete Set – Priee $1.00 FREE DiseounttoDealers. AgelluWanted SAMPLE BIERMAN P. 8TlEINBOBN, DirirlIJufor Addl'essP.O.BOX ARP.7n CHICAGO, ILL.

Please mention THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD in writing to advertisers. OOMING EVENTS Norah's Victory. L. A. Barter-Snow. 262 pp. 28. 6d. Pickering & Inglis. December 7-UNIVERSAL BIBLE SUNDAY. London.

November 30-December 5–NORTH AMER- Nella. J. Goldsmith Cooper. 159 pp. ICAN HOME MISSIONS CONGRESS, Is. 6d. Pickering & Inglis. London. Washi!lgton, D. C. 'Orpheus, Myths of the World. Padraic December 11_12-INTERDENOMINATIONAL Colum. 327 pp. $5. Macmillan. New CONGRESS ON MEN's WORK, Cincin- York. nati, Ohio. 'Old Chickweed. E. A. Bland. 220 pp. January 3-10-FIRST ANNUAL NATIONAL 28. Pickering & Inglis. London. CONVENTION OF EVANGELISTS AND CHRISTIAN WORKERS, Moody Memo- l'rocession of the ·Gods. Gaius Glenn A t- rial Church, Chicago, Ill. kins. 577 pp. $3. R. R. Smith. New York. January 13-COMMITTEE OF REFERENCE AND COUNSEL, Atlantic City, N. J. The l'reacher and His Missionary Message. Stephen J. Corey. 221 pp. Cokesbury January 13-16-FOREIGN MISSIONS CON- Press. Nashville. FERENCE OF NORTH AMERICA, Atlan- tic City, N. J. ………………………………………………

January 19-22, 1931-CONFERENCE ON Are You Sick? THE CAUSE AND CURE OF WAR, Wa&hington, D. C. Are You Discouraged?

January 20-21, 1931-COUNCIL OF Are You Financially CHURCH BOARDS.OF EDUCAT~ON, In- Distressed? dianapolis, Ind.

NEW BOOKS Affirmations of Christian Belief. Herbert YOU NEED Alden Yantz. 114 pp. $1. Macmil- lan. New York. GOD aDd MAN Community Religion and the Denomina- A Devotional Manual for Daily Use tional Heritage. J. R. Hargreaves and others. 150 pp. $1. Harpers. New By BLAIR SCOTT York. ~ It reveals to you the spiritual law of God, Mahatma Gandhi-His 'Own Story. Edited "Lunder which the Master met and overcame by C. F. Andrews. 371 pp. $2.50. Macmillan. New York. all beliefs of the flesh and particularly those of SUPPLY AND HEALTH. Glimpses of Grandeur. Frank Durmard Adams. 234 pp. $2. Harpers. New (Pages 22, 23. 24) York. For Bible References, recording God's available Hinduism Invades America. Wendell SPIRITUAL SUPPLY, UNLIMITED Thomas. 300 pp. $3. Beacon Press. SUPPLY AND CONTINUED SUPPLY. New York. (Pages 12I.13z) Hands Aronnd the World. Archer Wal- lace. 134 pp. $1. R. R. Smith. New For Bible References, bestowing Christ's HEAL. York. ING POWER ON ALL WHO BELIEVE.

Indian Islam. Murray '1'. Titus. 250 (Pages III'II3) pp. $4.50. Oxford University Press. New York. Whatever your problem– THIS BOOK Life of l'hillips Brooks. William Law- rence. 515 pp. $2. Harpers. New By the Grandson of Walter Scott York. Unveils your God-given heritage of Dominion Lettice Martyn's Crusade. Flora E. Berry. Limp, Rouad Coraers, 'I.SO 255 pp. 28. Pickering & Inglis. Lon- don. :—– ORDER BLANK G. Campbell Morgan, the Man and His SEND TO YOUR BOOKSELI ER. or Ministry. John Harries. 252 pp. $2.50. Revell. New York. FLEMING H. REVELL COMPANY, 158 Fifth Avenue, New York. "Ma," the Heroine of Calabar-A Biog- raphy of Mary Slessor. Esther E. Please send me, postpaid cop_ _ Enoch. Is. Pickering & Inglis. Lon- GOD AND MAN, by Blair Scott. don. Name __________________________ Merry and Sherry. M. E. Drewson. 96 pp. 18. 3d. Pickering & Inglis. Lon- A d d u : s s_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ don. enclosed.

Please mention THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD in writin~ to advertisers. 3 THE KING'S BUSINESS, $1.50 {;othforlsave The Missionary Review of the World, $2.50 j $t.00 7he Two Magtuinea May Be Ordered Sent to Different Addreuea THINK OF IT! SOc. EXTRA WILL BRING YOU THIS BIBLE FAMILY MAGAZINE FOR A YEAR The King's Business is the official magazine of the Bible Institute of Los Angeles, devoted to helpful Bible studies, editorials and contributed articles on Biblical themes of vital interest.

The King's Business carries a most thorough treatment of the International Sunday School Lessons. This de- partment is under the direct supervision of Dr. J. E.

Jaderquist, the managing editor who has had a wide experience in the preparation and publishing of Sunday DR. W. P. WHITE School Literature. DR. 1. E. JADERQUIST Editor F M th $1 TRIAL { THE MISSlONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD our on s, . OFFER THE KING'S BUSINESS Managing Editor 00 NOTE. Each magazine will be mailed to subscribers direct from its own office of publication. Postage extra to foreign countries: The King's Business, 25c. Missionary Review of the World, SOc.

Address orders to either office.

THE KING'S BUSINESS II THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD 536-558 South'Hope St., Lo~ Angeles, Calif. 156 Fifth Avenue New York, N. Y.

A SUGGESTION I Plan to give a friend, a relative, or a mlsslOnary—as a Christmas gift–a subscription to THE PRESBYTERIAN It's early MAGAZINE, whose visits during the year will bring not but only a reminder, twelve times, of your friendship and love, but interesting and inspiring reading. intentionally so Enroll their names at once and your Christmas shopping is no longer a worry …… the December, Christmas I Number, will be mailed together with a Christmas card just before Christmas.

MAIL COUPON TO 1505 RACE STREET, PHILADELPHIA, PA.

Please send THE PRESBYTERIAN MAGAZINE for [ II 1 year, @ $$21..5000 to: 3 years, @ [ lVame: ____________________________ Name:________________________ Address ____________________ Address _____________________ Sender______________________________________ Address The Indispensable Official Church Magazine as a Christmas Gift lIIi~liIIJIliIIJIliIIJIJlJlJllIIJIJIlIIlIIlIIlIIlIIlIIlIIliIIJIlIIlIIlIIlII~JIJIlIIlIIJIJllIIlIIiliIIJIlilililillllllll~ Please mention THE MISSIONARY RlCVIlCW OF THE WORLD in writing to advertisers.

The Missionary Review of the World — September 1925

HISTORIC "CAMBRIDGE SEVEN"AS THEY ARE

GOD'S QUESTION TO THOSE WITH KONEY "THEN WHOSE SHALL THESE THINGS BE"

Who is to administer your property T Whether you have little or much, in any case, it is a trust that God has committed to you during your lifetime. You may administer it conscientiously and wisely, but your responsibility does not end with your summons into the Master's presence. You must pass on your trusteeship to others. You may do this in such a way that your property will continue to help carry out God's plan for the salvation of men or you may leave the money behind so that it will become a curse to those who misuse it and to others who come under their influence. Have you ever thought of making the Board of Directors of the MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD administrators of at least a part of that money with which you have been intrusted?

The REVIEW is a nUssionary educational institution of nearly half a century standing. It has proved its value in service to the cause of Christ at home and abroad.

The REVIEW keeps over 10,000 Christian leaders informed as to the needs and progress of mission work in all lands.

The REVIEW stimulates Christians to pray for the fulfilment of Christ's program for the world.

The REVIEW inspires men and women to give of themselves and their substance to help carry out Christ's great commis- sion.

The REVIEW enables pastors and other leaders to instruct their peoplc and to work effectively for missions.

The REVIEW keeps missionaries on lonely frontiers in touch with the thoughts and experiences of workers in other fields.

Money invested in the REVIEW thus continues the work of Christ in these and in other ways. The Board of Directors are members of various branches of the Church, and are accustomed to administering such funds. They take their stewardship seriously.

(Concluded on page 659) THE MISSIONARY Review 0 f the World DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Editor CONTENTS FOR SEPTEMBER, 1925 Page FRONTISPIEICE ••••••..•.••.•.• TEE CAMBll!IDGE SEVEN AS THEY ApPF.AR TODAY EDITORIALS •….•••••.•..••.•..•……..•..••………•…………..•.•. 661 FORW.A.Rl) MOVIDMENTS IN CHINA THE AFRJC'ANS AND TEE PORTUGUESE MODF.&N:rSM AMONG MOSLEMS TEE FUTURE POPULATION OF AMERICA THE S,TORY OF THE CAMBRIDGE SEVEN ……………. HENRY J. CoWELL 669 A 1'emarkable recora of earl'll British volunteers who have served the missionary cause successfully for forty years.

SOUTH AMERIOA AND MISSIONARY WORK •…………. ROBERT E. SPEER 673 A record of'some impressions by delegates to the recent missionary congl'ess at Montevideo, UrugiUly.

A WillTE-TURBANED LEJ.ADER IN INDIA ………… _……. H. A. POPLEY 679 The encouraging, inspiring story of Dr. K. T. Paul, onc of the outstanding Christian leaders of India.

SOME IMPRESSIONS ON A WORLD TOUR ………… WILFRED T. GRENFELL 688 The well-known pioneer of Labrador, who has recently returned fl'om a tour of the world, writes his views of foreign missionary work.

PEACE AND RELIGION IN THE PACIFIC ………………•. D. J. FLEMING 692 An account of the religiOUS aspects of the Institute on Pacific RelMions, recently held in Hawaii.

A KOREAN'S OWN STORy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . REPORTED BY ONE WHO KNEW HIM 695 A quaint and inspiring personal history of Mr. "Kim Evident Help"-his conversion and christian experience.

BEST METHODS ……… _…………………. EDITED BY MRS. E. U. CRONK 704 WOMAN'S FOREIGN MISSION BULLETIN ….. EDITED BY ELLA D. McLAURIN 711 W1O'MAi{ 'S HOME MISSION BULLE,TIN …… EDITED BY FLORENCE E. QUINLAN 714 NEWS FROM MANY LANDS • _.. _.. .. • . . . .. .. . . . . . .. .. . . . . . . .. .. . . . . .. .. . . . 717 THE MISSIONARY lJIBRARY •…..•.•…..••………… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 733 TERMS: $2.50 & year. ($2.00 in clubs of five.) Foreign postage, 50 cent.. Single copi8l, 25 cantil. Publiabed monthly. Copyrigbted, 1925, by M[SSlONARY REVIEW P1!1lLISBlNe COlO'ANY, INO. AJI rights reserved.

THE :MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING COMPANY, Inc.

Robert E. Speer, President William I. Chamberlain, Vice..President Dela.van L. Pierson, Secretary Walter MeDongaH. Treasurer Publication omce, 3d & Reily Sts., Harrisburg, Editorial and Business omce. 156 Fifth Avellue, P&.. Z50." copy $2.50 a year New York City Entered as ••cond-el…s matter at the Post Omce, Harrisburg, Pa., under Act of March 3, 1871> WHAT HAVE YOU PUT IN YOUR WILL1 (Concluded frmn page 65'7) Let your money continue to work for these objects after you have gone.

Like other educational and missionary work, the REVIEW needs an endowment or capital fund, the income of which will supplement the receipts for subscriptions and advertising.

These receipts are not sufficient to pay the cost of publication any more than tuition fees in a Christian college can pay all the running expenses and enable the college to be effective.

The REVIEW gives more value than is paid for by the subscribers. It furnishes a volume of 1,000 pages with maps and illustrations, postpaid to any address for $2.50. A commercial publisher would charge $12.00 to $15~OO for the same-sized volume.

Missionaries, ministers and women workers cannot pay such a price, therefore, the REVIEW needs an endowment of $200,000 the income from which will meet this deficit.

Are you a Christian steward of God's bounty? You may make a gift outright to the endowment fund of the REVIEW; you may purchase an annuity that will pay you regular interest during your lifetime, or you may make the REVIEW a beneficiary in your will, so that the Directors will administer the legacy for the benefit of Christian missions. Provision may be made to pay the principal to any other Board or benevolent cause in case the REVIEW should at any time cease to carryon its missionary work under the present auspices.

Will you think this overT Pray it over. Act on the suggestion now!

Form of Bequest I, …………………….. give and bequeath to the MIS- SIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING COMPANY, incorporated in 1916 under the laws of the State of New York, the sum of …………•… dollars for the purpose of publishing the MISSIONARY REvIEW OF THE WORLD as an interdp'lominational,· Evangelical, Christian, Missionary magazine. The receipt of the Treasur~r. will be a sufficient discharge to my executors for the payment of this bequest.

nfEMI_SSIONARY

EVIEW'

VOL. SEPTEMBER, 1925 NUMBER XLVlII NINE ]1~ORWARD MOVEMENTS IN CHINA nAS TIME passes without new and serious outbreaks between for- eigners and Chinese, hope grows that better counsels may prevail and peace may come in China. An important step in this direction is the ratification (August 5th) of two treaties between China and America, France, Japan, Italy, Great Britain, Portugal, Belgium and the Netherlands. Chinese Minister Alfred Sze at Washington declares that this inaugurates a new regime for the relations between China and other nations-substituting reason, justice and friendly understanding for oppression, intimidation and force. One treaty relates to customs tariff and the other to general principles and policies to be followed in matters relating to China. It is expected also that a mixed court, possibly presided over by a Chinese, will investigate the responsibility for the recent conflicts in Shanghai. The Chinese have many just grievances but they are amenable to reason and will respond to friendly and just treatment.

Among the causes of the present Anti-Christian Movement in China, Mr. T. Z. Koo includes the following: The growth of Nationalism, especially since the establishment of the Republic; the growth of national education; and the growth of the Christian religion in China. The development of nationalism has been a natural result of the awakening of the people by their contact with the West and with the ideals of liberty and national rights. This nationalism is manifested in the patriotic student movements for united action against foreign domination, in the revival of old Chinese religions and a restatement of their religious and ethical values; in the attempt to preserve the intellectual resources and heritage of China; and in the communistic movements which young Ohinese have fostered as an antidote against the aggression of the European nations. These communistic movements are generally anti-Christian and anti-religious.

661

The introduction of a modern national system of education, inaugurated in 1905, has involved many changes in Chinese ideas and methods especially in regard to international relationships, industries and government. The growth of Christianity in China (says Mr. Koo) has been so rapid, and the influence of Christians has been so great, that non-Christians have become alarmed. Tolerance and indifference are no longer possible.

The first expression of the Anti-Religious Movement in 'China (at Peking in 1922) was short lived. 'l'hen Rnssia's influence began to be felt and resulted in the organization of the Anti-Imperialistic Federation last year. About the same time the Anti-Christian Federation was revived in Shanghai by a student who had been expelled from Shanghai College. This Federation publishes a weekly paper called The .Awakened which is openly opposed to Christianity and has a wide circulation. The Federation opposes all religion as superstition, opposed to intellectual and social progress, a breeder of strife and destroying self-reliance. Against organized Christianity the opposition is based on the contention that Christianity lS an ally of imperialism and capitalism, is dogmatic and unscientific, meddles in politics, is split up into innumerable sects, is an agent of Western agg-ression and denationalizes its converts. The Awakened devotes much of its space to attacks on mission schools, Christian literature, Christians in general and the Church. This Anti-Christian Movement is a sign of the transition period through which China is passing and involves the whole question of the relation of the old to the new and the East to the West. European nations have exploited China and Christianity is misunderstood in consequence.

The general movement in China is forward but the leaders are still groping blindly for the light. The fault is largely that of those who have misrepresented Christ and Christianity. The first need is that professed followers of Jesus should be truly Christian and should stand squarely and fearlessly by His principles. Adherence to truth and justice, a manifestation of brotherly love and a life of unselfish service, the spirit of Jesus Christ, with dependence on the power of God-not on money, men or armaments-will do more than anything else to win the Chinese to Him Who lived, taught, died and rose again that they too might have life. As Mr. Koo truly says it is not the method of modern salesmanship that will "sell" our religion to the Chinese; the "power of God unto salvation" is the power to cut loose from selfishness, strife, sin, to stand for truth, righteousness and love at any cost and to live the Christ among men. This is a time to pray most earnestly for the missionaries and for the other Christians in China.

EDITORIAL COMMJjNTS

MODERNISM AMONG MOSLEMS CHANGE is inherent in Christianity for it is a religion of progress. The Founder himself predicted new light that the early disciples could not bear and greater works in the future than He had performed while on earth. The prediction has been amply fulfilled and every land where the Gospel of Christ has been freely proclaimed and truly accepted has progressed in knowledge, in liberty and in social betterment. Islam on the other hand is a religion of fixed ideas and methods. It has no place for further spiritual enlightenment or social progress beyond a limit set by the Koran. Islam modified by modern ideals ceases to be Islam. This is illustrated today in Egypt and Turkey and other Moslem lands where new ideas of liberty and education, new social customs relating to women, and new laws governing the relation of Church and State, are revolutionizing Islam as it is practiced. These changes have been largely brought about by contact with Occidental civilization and with Christian ideas and example.

Recently Moslems of Egypt, and especially the Superior Council of the conservative Moslem University, Al Azhar, have been aroused by the publication of a book on "The Principles of Government" by Sheikh Ali Abdul Razek Cadi of the Mansura Mekhama Sharia Court. This sheikh contends that Islam is only a religion to guide personal conduct and not for state statutes. This extreme view of the separation of Church and State has aroused intense opposition among orthodox Egyptian Moslems-particularly the ideas that the Caliphate is not an indispensible Islamic institution and that the practice of polygamy should be abandoned.

This is only one sign of the changes taking place in Mohammedan thinking. Still more radical ideas are finding expression in Turkey, in spite of much opposition. The Angora Government has not only undertaken to separate Church and State and has banished the Caliph and abolished the Caliphate but is now pursuing a more liberal policy in regard to mission schools. For example, St. Paul's College in Tarsus that was closed by government order in May 1924 was reopened in April of this year by order of the new Minister of Education, Hamdullah Soubhi Bey. His remarks at the Mission Meeting in Constantinople are significant of the changed attitude of more enlightened Turkish Mohammedans. ~ He said: "The Turkish Government is a friend of American schools. We want our children to go to American schools and to learn American culture. There are, however, certain restrictions-since the Turkish Government has secularized its schools we expect foreign schools to do the same.

t< Turkey is a nation being born today. She is not facing East as is Persia and Tunis. Rather has she faced in the opposite direction-to the West. It is from your books, your influences that we have gotten the ideas "Reported in a letter from Rev. Paul E. N!Ison of Tarsus.

that inspire our present effort to establish democracy. Our faces are toward the West.

"Ten years ago if a Turk wore a hat on his head instead of a 'fez' his head would have been cut off. But today the situation has changed. We llave not lightly entered on this road-we have fought for it, planned for it, died for it. And we are determined to go on.

"It is our desire that our children know America, and that they love America. Your schools are new schools-we want them. You have helped us in the past-your schools will help us in the future 1"

Turkey is endeavoring to establish a democracy. What her future will be no one can prophesy. There are difficulties in the way, for Islam is essentially autocratic and many of its ideas and customs are contrary to modern standards. But patience and the Power of God can accomplish wonders.

THE PORTUGUESE AND AFRICAN LABOR F OR some years severe criticisms have been passed by travelers, officials and missionaries on the Portuguese methods of enforced labor in Angola and the East African Oolony. In many cases t>nforced conscription has practically amounted to slavery. African chiefs have been obliged to supply a certain number of laborersmen and women-to work on roads and plantations. These natives are often sent away from home-sometimes long distances-and their wages are held back. The result is that laborers are not sent home after their contracts expire; many of those who return are broken in health and others die from ill-treatment.

There seems to be something in French and Portuguese colonial policy that makes their administration of primitive peoples very unsatisfactory. There was for a time much criticism of the French in Madagascar and there is still much to be desired in the improvement of the French administration of the New Hebrides. But the Portuguese Government is even more selfish and neglectful of the interests of the natives under their control. Officials favor the planters and Portuguese colonists and seem to consider the native Africans as so many cattle to be used as beasts of burden and slaves to develop the country for the white man. Protestant missionaries have found many of the Portuguese policies very detrimental to the education and Ohristian development of the natives.

Edward A. Ross, professor of sociology in the University of Wisconsin and the author of books on Mexico, Latin America, Ohina, and other lands that he has visited, has recently visited Angola and Portuguese East Africa to inquire into the methods of employing Jabor there. He has presented his very careful and comprehensive report to the "Temporary Slavery Oommission" of the League of Nations. The report has been forwarded to Portugal and the reply of that government will be taken up at the meeting of the Oommission next year.

E'DITORIAL COMMENTS

Angola is a dependency of Portugal in West Africa having an area of 484,800 square miles (eight times the size of New England or fourteen times the size of Portugal) with a population of 4,119,000 (one fourth less than Portugal). Professor Ross went to Africa at the request of Americans interested in Africans and gathered his evidence between July 19th and September 3d last year. With him was Dr. R. Melville, Cramer of New York, a physician. Neither of the men is connected with any religious or missionary or business enterprise so that their investigation was unbiased. They made their studies independently and interviewed many natives, Portuguese, other Europeans, native evangelists and missionaries in widely separated villages, reporting the experiences of from six to seven thousand natives in three different provinces.

These inquiries reveal the fact that women with babies on their backs or with child are obliged to work for the Government building roads for as much as five months at a time. They are paid little or nothing. Some planters claimed that they "bought" their native labor from .the Government and that they were practically slaves. Many men are deported to San Thome and never return to their homes. Some contractors flog their men and otherwise ill-treat them. Children are forced to leave school and to work at home because their fathers have been sent away to work on plantations. It is said to be a mistaken kindness for a mission school to train skilled workmen because these are taken by the Government and compelled to work without pay for a long time.

Professor Ross concludes that this form of native labor is practically state serfdom and in many cases is worse than slavery. Wages are withheld or embezzled, contracts are disregarded, skill is discouraged, much of the work done is unnecessary, the native police abuse their authority for purposes of lust, spite or extortion. There is now no channel through which the complaints of natives may be brought to the attention of officials so that wrongs may be righted. As a result many natives are emigrating to Rhodesia and the Belgian Congo, and some districts are becoming depopulated.

Further investigation should be made and pressure should be brought to bear on the Portuguese Government to remedy tllese abuses. The natives may be encouraged to thrift, to better methods in farming, to the development of industrial arts and to the pursuit of elementary knowledge in the mission schools. The brighter, more industrious youths may be taught carpentry, masonry, poultry raising, metal work, brick-making, spinning, weaving, sewing, housekeeping and gardening. This knowledge will not only greatly benefit the natives but will also enable them to give their products to the outside world.

The leading Protestant missions in Angola are American Board (Congregational) and Methodist Episcopal, the British Baptists and

Christian Missions in Many Lands (Plymouth Brethren) and the South Africa General Mission. A few missionaries are also maintained by the Christian and Missionary Alliance, the Seventh Day Adventists, the Angola Mission and the Mission Philafrican (Swiss). Reports show a total of 186 missionaries in Angola in forty resident stations, 940 native paid workers, 120 churches and a Protestant Christian community of 35,015.

In Portuguese East Africa, the leading societies at work are the American Board, the Methodist Episcopal, Free Methodist, Church of the Nazarene, Church of Scotland, Holiness Mission, Society for the Propagation of the Gospel, Universities Mission, Wesleyan Methodist, Suisse Romande, and South Africa General Mission. The total foreign staff numbers 109 in 25 stations, the native staff 627, churches 273 and native Christian community 30,755.

If these societies can work together through the International Missionary Council they should be able to accomplish much for the betterment of political conditions in Portuguese territory. Under the guidance and power of the Spirit of God they can achieve still greater things for the moral and spiritual benefit of the Africans, individually and collectively.

FUTURE POPULATIONS IN AMERICA W HAT will be the popUlation of the United States one hun- dred years from now? We cannot tell but it is interesting to note that from 1790, the date of our first census, to 1860, the rate of growth was steady, at about three per cent a year. Following the Civil War the rate fell and remained nearly constant nntil 1910, at two and two-tenths to two per cent a year. Between 1910 and 1920 it was about one and four-tenths per cent. Professor Whipple of Harvard, in his second edition of Vital Statistics, holds that this is not a temporary incident of war but is the beginning of a long period of slower growth. He believes that the annual increase will probably not again exceed one and a half per cent per year. Even one per cent, however, means a growth of 270 per cent in one hundred years. At the rate of one-half per cent increase per year the population of the United States would be 175 million in the year 2020.

Last summer at the international conference at Amherst, a Columbia professor prophesied that a century hence the population of the United States would be as large as the present population of China, approximately 400,000,000. On the other hand, Professor Pearl of Johns Hopkins University has worked out a mathematical formula based on the populations of the United States from 1790 to 1910, and has constructed a sigmoid curve which shows that the point of inflection was passed in 19H and that a population of 200,000,000 will not be reached until 2050.

If}25] EiDITORIAL COMMENTS

. TIle ~l!ssell Sage Foundation, in its studies of the future popula- tion of Greater New York, has concluded that by the year 2000 there will be a population of 28,000,000 in the Metropolitan area. The Foundation is now at work discovering how many prisons and houses of correction there will be in this area seventy-five years hence to care for those who are allowed to grow up in ignorance and vice.

How wisely and with what profit and anxiety are Ohristians studying the long future? What will be the situation seventy-five years from now when great groups of people have come here from all the world?

Will the dominant influence be Ohristian or non-Ohristian? How are Ohristian forces preparing for the future ¥ Whatever may be the increase in population, the responsibility of Ohristians will be multiplied by that increase. In the centuries to come, if things continue as now in the face of these growing populations, what dangers will be faced and escaped' What civil wars may threaten the land 1 What foreign complications may arise to embarrass us? What social upheavals may break forth like slumbering, volcanoes? What new and sudden tests may come to this democracy? What dangerous caste systems may be produced by pride and wealth? What heavy chastisements may be visited upon the land if the people forget or neglect God? What painful recon- structions may be necessary if men trample the Golden Rule under their feet1 What industrial revolutions may spread terror in the business world? What new and secret combinations between politics and religion may prove as dangerous as shells whose impact not only destroys but whose expansion spreads poisoning gases and fire over wide areas ~ These questions suggest a hundred others that arise to perplex American Ohristians, as they contemplate the spirit- nal work that must be done and gird themselves for their strenuous future tasks.

It is fortunate indeed that our home missionary societies are working in happy harmony for the spiritual conquest of the con- tinent and face the future bravely with leaders who are studying the future with meticulous care and shaping their course on the favorable winds of heaven. Whatever the changes may bring and whatever open doors God may present, these missionary groups will grow in strength, in wisdom, in grace and in holy vision as the decades pass, and their contribution to the Ohristianization of the people in Amer- iea and abroad will be traceable to the beginnings that have been brought to spiritual fruitage and that will eontinue to yield thirty, sixty and a hundred fold in the years to come. c. L. W.

" OAMBRIDGE SE,VEN" FORTY YEARS

0HAS. T. STUDD }rIONTAGUE Bl-~ AIfCI-IAMP STANLEY P. SMITH ARTHUR T. POLHILL-TuRNER W. W. CAS S:F:LLS D. E. HOSTE (~ECIL POLRILL-TuRNER

Story of the Cambridge

A Thrilling Record of Seven UniL'ersity l'IJen and Their Missirna'ry Service BY HENRY J. COWELL, LONDON, ENGLAND FOR encouragement and emulation, and for the praise of God, it is well for us to recall the great happenings of the past. What , the Lord hath done, He can do again. It is not in Him that we are straitened, but in ourselves. Twoscore years ago there took place an event which is a wonderful experience of, and testimony to, the marvelous power of the Spirit of God.

Forty years ago a band of seven young British missionary volunteers set sail for China. Five of them were graduates of Cambridge, while the other two were British Army officers. It was stated that "no previous band had ever set out in the midst of such extraordinary manifestations of interest and sympathy." After the lapse of full forty years, all the seven men are still alive, and what is more remarkable, they are all still active in Christian service.

The "Cambridge Seven" consisted of the fall owing: Charles T. Studd, B.A., a member of the well-known cricketing family. In 1879 he was captain of the Eton Cricket Eleven and in 1883 of the Cambridge University Eleven. He was also a prominent member of the All-England team. Stanley Smith, B.A., of Trinity College, Cambridge, was a firstrate oarsman, and was" stroke" of the Cambridge Eight in 1882. Rev. W. W. Cassels, B.A., of St. John's College, Cambridge, was curate of All Saints, South Lambeth. D. E. Haste was the second son of Major-General Haste, of Brighton. Montagu Beauchamp, B.A., was son of a sister of Lord Radstock. Cecil Henry Polhill and Arthur T. Polhill were sons of Captain F. C. Polhill, at one time member of Parliament for Bedford. Both were on the Eton Eleven and, later, on the Trinity Hall (Cambridge) Eleven. The story of "the Cambridge Seven" is bound up with a time of spiritual revival-such as we are longing for today. From November 5th to 12th, 1882, Messrs. Moody and Sankey conducted a mission at Cambridge that was wonderful in its results. This was only the beginning, for there followed two years of remarkable revival among undergraduates of the university. In November, 1884, the British world was astonished to learn that C. T. Studd and Stanley Smith, the one a first-class cricketer and the other an equally outstanding oarsman, had volunteered to go as missionaries to China. Before 661

sailing, the two young men undertook an evangelistic tour, and held meetings of thrilling interest at Aberdeen, Edinburgh, Glasgow, Greenock, Newcastle-on-Tyne, Leeds, Rochdale, Liverpool, Man- chester and Bristol. The meetings at Edinburgh led to the great work among stUdents, carried on for so many years by Professor Henry Drummond.

Eventually the five other Cambridge volunteers decided to join Mr. Studd and Mr. Smith, and a series of farewell gatherings were held at Edinburgh, Cambridge, Oxford, and finally in Exeter Hall, London. All went to China under the China Inland Mission.

Dr. Eugene Stock, the historian of the Church Missionary Society, has recalled that the year 1885 was specially notable for three events in the foreign mission enterprise-the murder of General Gordon, the murder of Bishop Hannington, and the going forth to China of "the Cambridge Seven." "The influence of such a band of men going to China as missionaries," writes Dr. Stock, "was irresistible. No such event had occurred before, and no event of the last century has done so much to arouse the minds of Christian men to the tremendous claims of the field and the nobility of the missionary vocation. Deep spirituality marked most emphatically the densely crowded meetings in different places at which these seven men said farewell. No such missionary meeting had ever been known as the farewell gathering at Exeter Hall in February, 1885."

The dedication of Mr. Charles T. Studd to the mission field, and the conversion of Mr. Hoste were the direct results of D. L. Moody's evangelistic work; indeed, all the members of the band were directly or indirectly influenced by this great evangelist.

A marvelous work of grace went on for months in Scotland following the visit of Messrs. Studd and Smith, accompanied by Mr. Reginald Radcliffe. The university at Edinburgh, and the allied medical schools, with from 3,000 to 4,000 stUdents, were shaken to their depths. The work spread to all the other universities in Scotland; and then, as the students separated, it spread far and wide until the whole country was affected. Conversions were numbered by the thousand, and scores of men offered themselves for medical missionary work.

Even this is not the whole of this wonderful story, for a great worldwide missionary movement, which arose out of the action of •• the Cambridge Seven," is still exercising its beneficent and farspreading activities. One of the early leaders of the Student Volunteer Movement writes: "' The story of the Cambridge band, particularly the account of the visits of a deputation of these students to other British universities, made a profound impression on us. Here really was the germ-thought of the Student Volunteer Movement."

Shortly after the sailing of the Cambridge band, J. E. K. Studd

THE STORY OF THE CAMBRIDGE SEVEN

(now Sir J. E. Kynaston Studd), brother of C. T. Studd, was invited by Mr. Moody to visit Northfield. Dr. Arthur T. Pierson was also present at the Northfield Conference that year, and largely moved by J. E. K. Studd's story of what had happened in the universities of Great Britain, the Conference issued a stirring appeal for missionary workers. That "Letter to Believers in Jesus Christ the World Over," adopted at the suggestion of Dr. Pierson on August 14, 1885, stirs the heart strangely. It recalls that it was at Northampton, Massachusetts, that" Jonathan Edwards sent forth his trumpet peal call- ing upon disciples everywhere to unite in prayer for an effusion of the Spirit. That summons to prayer marked a new epoch in the Church of God. Mighty revivals of religion followed, and the spirit of missions was reawakened."

From the closing passage of this" Letter," I quote these words: Above all else, our immediate and imperative need is a new spirit of earnest and prevailing prayer. The first Pentecost covered ten days of united, continued supplication. Every subsequent advance may be divinely traced to believing prayer, and upon this must depend a new Pentecost. We there· fore earnestly appeal to all disciples to join us in importnnate and daily sup· plication for a new and mighty effusion of the Holy Spirit upon all ministers, missionaries, evangelists, pastors,' teachers, and Christiftn workers, and upon the whole earth, that God would impart t.o all Christ's witnesses the tongues of fire, and melt hard hearts before the burning message. It is not by might nor by power, but by the Spirit of the I..ord, that all true success must be secured; let us call upon God till He answereth by fire.

In the following summer (1886) the Student Volunteer Movement was born at the Student Conference at Mount Hermon, Mr. Moody's school for young men. In the fall of that same year John N. Forman and Robert P. Wilder, both sons of missionaries and Princeton graduates, went forth on a visit to various colleges and theological seminaries in America. This mission lasted from October, 1886, to June, 1887. They visited forty-four institutions together, and then separating, Mr. Forman visited fifty-two and Mr. Wilder sixty-six, making 162 in all. These visits resulted in 2,267 students (about three fourths men and one fourth women) personally signing the declaration~ "I am willing and desirous, God permitting, to become a foreign missionary."

Four years later, Robert P. Wilder arrived in England and was taken by Dr. Eugene Stock to the Keswick Convention. As chairman of the Saturday missionary meeting, Dr. Stock called upon Mr. Wilder to speak of what had been taking place amongst the students of America. Eventually, as an outcome of Wilder's work, a Student Volunteer Missionary Union was formed in Great Britain.

The interlacing and interlocking of this remarkable story as between England and America is wonderfully interesting. It shows once more that cooperation between these two great Ohristian nations is not only desirable but happily almost inevitable. D. L. Moody went from America to England; "the Cambridge Seven" sailed for China;

J. E. K. Studd went from England to America; Hobert P. Wilder went from America to England; and as a result of the organization of the Student Volunteer Missionary Movement in both countries the whole world is encompassed with missionaries of Christ.

One of the original" Seven" wrote at the time of their departure for China, "The Lord gave Us souls both on board the steamers and at each place we stopped at. Landing at Shanghai, on March 18th, meetings were arranged for us there. Some said, 'Ve will give you a year, or at most two years, and then we shall see you aU backgoing home again.' " The croakers and the pessimists were wrong -not for the first time!

The Band landed at Shanghai on March 18, 1885, and before leaving for their fields all put on Chinese dress in accordance with the custom of the mission.

Here in brief is the subsequent record of these seven men who, with the joy of the Lord for their strength and His power for their stay, have been proclaiming the unsearchable riches of Christ for full forty years.

Charle's T. Studd worked with the China Inland Mission for ten years, then for ten years in India; finally he started the Heart of Africa Mission, which has since developed into the "Vorld Evangelization Crusade. He is still actively engaged in labors in the centre of Africa.

Stanley Smith, liaving put in forty years' continuous service, is still engaged in evangelistic work in China.

D. E. Hoste also has an unbroken record of work on the field and succeeded Hudson Taylor as General Director .of the China Inland Mission. He has recently undertaken a world tour in the interests of the work.

W. W. Cassels, after ten years, was consecrated the first Bishop in Western China by agreement between the C. I. M. and the C. M. S. He is still actively at work on the field.

Montagu Beauchamp (now Sir Montagu Beauchamp), after being engaged in pioneering work in China for thirty years, returned home on account of his wife's health. He served as naval chaplain in the Great War, and is now secretary of the Army Scripture Headers' Society.

Cecil Polhill studied the Tibetan language and worked on the borders of Tibet. He now resides in England, but visits China at short intervals to engage in evangelistic work. One of his daughters is married to a missionary. schoolmaster at Suiting, in the far west of China.

Arthur Polhill has done a good deal of pioneering work, and has llooperated extensively with Bishop Cassels. He is at present in England on furlough, but after forty years' service is as keen as ever, and he is hoping to return to China in September.

America and Missionary

Impressions Made on Delegates to the Congress at Montevideo BY ROBERT E. SPEER, NEW YORK D ELEGATES from the United States to the Congress on Chris- tian Work in South America (Montevideo, March 29th to April 8th), after leaving the Congress attended the meetings of Regional Conferences in Buellos Aires and Santiago and then sailed from Valparaiso on April 29th. Before reaching Montevideo they had attended the meeting of the Brazilian Conference of the evangelical churches and missions at Rio and had come overland to Sao Paulo, the second city in Brazil, to see Mackenzie College and the other work in this great center of the coffee trade. Accordingly the delegation had had opportunity to see something of conditions in four of the ~outh American countries, Brazil, Uruguay, Argentina twd Chile. There were, moreover, six specialized groups in our delegation representing education, medicine and hygiene, literature and publication, women's work of all types, the Indians, and general evangelistic work and mission policy. Each of these groups was expected to study its special field for the benefit of all the delegation, and each one had unusual opportunities for doing so. Two days after leaving Valparaiso the deputation was to divide, part returning directly to the United States but the larger part to visit Bolivia and Peru, leaving the steamship Santa Elisa at Antofagasta and going- from there to La Paz and Cuzco and Arequipa by rail. It seemed desirable to crown the daily meetings held on the Southern Cross which the deputation had held on their way from New York to Brazil with a closing meeting on the Santa Elisa, to gather up the fresh impressions of the two months.

These impressions were stated very freely but those who spoke did so with the declaration that they had not had time to weigh their judgments and review all their experiences and would not wish their first impressions to be regarded as final. In seeking to give a summary of what was said, it will be fairer not to attach the names of the several speakers. Not all found time to speak but those who did speak from each group were the following: Education. Dr. Frank K. Sanders, formerly President of Washburn College and Dean of the Yale Divinity School and now Secretary of the Board of Missionary Preparation; Prof. D. J. Fleming of Union Theological Seminary; Prof. H. A. Holmes of the University of New York; Prof. W. W. Sweet of De Pauw University; Dr. Wade C. Barclay of the Sunday School Board of the Methodist Episcopal Church.

Medicine and Hygiene. Mr. E. S. Gilmore, President of the American Hospital Association and Superintendent of the Methodist Episcopal Hospital 673 2

in Chicago, and Dr. Max J. Exner, Secretary of the American Association of Social Hygiene.

Literature and Puhlication. Dr. Orts Gonzale~, Editor of La Nueva Democracia.

Woman's Work and Y. W. C. A. Mrs. Francis J. McConnell, Mrs. Robert E. Speer, Mrs. James S. Cushman, Mrs. D. J. Fleming.

India.ns. Mrs. Walter H. Rowe and Miss Edith Dabb. General Problems. Bishop F. J. McConnell, Dr. S. G. Inman, Mr. R. A. Doan, the Rev. Albert E. Day of Canton, Ohio, and Mr. F. P. Turner, Secretary of the Conference of the Foreign Mission Boards of North America.

These were the friendly and sympathetic visitors whose first and unreviewed impressions it may he worth while to record.

"My first impression,H began one of the educational group, "is of the many good mon here in South America with whom we ought to work. Of course we met the best and the most friendly men in government education and public life and perhaps we had exceptional opportunities of access, but I wonder whether our missionary work might not draw closer to these men and help them and be helped by them. We were greatly impressed by their quality and their spirit and aims. For the most part they are already aloof from the Roman Catholic Church and their ideals of freedom and progress are in close accord with ours. We ought to be working together now more than we are."

"My interest," said the next speaker, "was primarily in the Indians and one sees at once the lack of integration in the whole problem. The character and status of the Indians differ in the different countries. Some of these countries have a true conception of the problem and are earnestly dealing with it and elsewhere it is conceived in a totally inadequate way. In some cases the distinctness of the problem is realized and elsewhere it is not. As you go home will you not turn attention to this problem of at least 10,000,000 Indians in South America 7"

"What we have seen," remarked the third speaker, "shows that in this work persons count. The personal touch means more than anything else. Impersonally our problems are much the same. The problem is one of persons. And the persons here are now accessible to the right persons from without or within. In each country there are some leaders awake to the social and religious problems. As we think and speak of South America at home we must keep in mind these men and women."

"It was a revelation to me," said one of the women, "to feel the touch of the women of Chile and a few other women with the human problem. They were thinking and feeling with the best women of all lands. But then there were few such women, and there was a great gulf between them and the mass of women. They feel keenly the smallness of their numbers and some of 'them are discouraged

SOUTH AMERICA AND MISSIONARY WORK

but there are able aud trusted leaders who will not lose heart, like Madam Mesquita of Brazil and Gabriela Mistral, the Chilean poetess, and Dona Eudalia of the Club de Senoras and Senora Elena Oliveira de Castro of the National Council of Women in Santiago. Also I was _distressed at our Protestant neglect of beauty in our bare worship and our poor barren churches. Protestantism at home has been very negligent of the right and use of beauty and it has been even more so here. :Most of the people of our evangelical churches are poor and their houses are bare and it is true that much of the Roman Catholic Church adornment is tawdry and ugly but nature is beautiful here and the Spanish tradition has so many elements of beauty in it that I wonder if we could not make more of it."

"I have the same feeling," replied another woman. "The government and Roman Catholic school buildings which we have seen were so much more beautiful than our mission schools. Why do we sacrifice color and beauty so for our Puritan barrenness 1 I want to get pictures and beautiful adornments for our schools. I don't believe we use beauty enough in the cultivation of the soul."

"Women have been gaining their rights st.eadily in South America," added the former speaker. "In Chile under the new laws women now control their own property and have equal control of the children. In Argentina, however, we were told that three quarters of a wife's earnings can be taken to pay her husband's debts."

"As to the hospitals," said one of the medical group, "I have seen some of the best and some of the worst I have ever seen; some that would compare with our best at home and some that are beyond all condemnation, with wretched sanitation and with shameless crowding. The doctors are good but the great weakness is a lack of nurses. In consequence there is no competent post-operative care. The great need is for the development of a trained nursing profession such as the Rockefeller l!'oundation is helping to develop in Rio. And poor nurses are due in fact to the attitude of South America to women. The doctors don't regard women as equal or efficient. There is no greater need in South America than for nurses and nursing schools. I can't conceive of a more powerful Ohristian agellCy than a company of nurses."

"We have had an enlarging experience," said the next speaker. "It is a good discipline to try to come into sympathetic understanding with a continent. As for me I go back with a far greater hope than ever before. The problems of social health are more even than I had supposed. The price which South America is paying in preventable sex diseases is colossal. But there are true leaders and real movements under way to deal with these evils. In Chile they have now a law requiring a certificate from a state examiner of good health on the part of both parties before ch-il marriage. These countries are looking for the best experience of other countries in dealing with these problems. We need to keep in friendly association with them with more freqnent interchange of thought. Thus we shall spread the processes of social evolution."

"As for me," one of the educationalists continued, "I have as yet not so much impressions as interrogations. I wonder why we can't provide more adequate educational plants. ~With two or three exceptions all the mission institutions we have seen were inadequately equipped. Can't the Boards unite and do together what they can't do alone 1 And how can we produce more leaders both in the Church and in society? And ought we not to send out to our institutions young people with more adequate equipment~ These are some of my questions. As yet I have questions but not answers."

"That is my position too," added one of the laymen. "I remember something that Dr. Ernesto Nelson of Argentina said at Montevideo on 'The Night of the Open Heart,' 'A believer who is a rascal is a thousand times more harmful than an atheist who lives a Christian life.' You remember he told us that Christianity is a discredited banner in South America. How can we overcome all this with a moore powerful leadership 1 Also I wonder if our methods which accept our denominational distinctions are right. I don't like the Findings at Montevideo on Cooperation and Union because they assume the continuance of our denominations. I think they should all be one and that we ought to begin at home."

"My impression," said one of the home pastors of the group, "is of the great amount of moral and spiritual idealism which is not being capitalized for the Kingdom of God. We need missionaries to reach idealists outside of any church. In the interest of general evangelization I would do more to reach these leaders."

"I ask myself," said a home teacher, "how we can help South America when we get home. "Ve owe South America a better understanding in the United States. There is so much that is good that we ought to appreciate and praise. I am going to try to make my students see this as well as the other side."

"I have seen nothing more beautiful," said one of the women, "than the affection and joy of the girls in the Y. W. C. A. in Santiago. Their interest and devotion were lovely. These girls of South America are eager for friendship and responsive to every effort to provide for them what our own girls have at home."

"What a treasure we shall always have now in our new friendships," added one of the men. "We should keep these alive. It has been a joy to meet these good men. At the same time I would qualify a little what is said about the leader class. As a matter of fact here, as in the United States, any men and women of intelligence and character can rise to leadership. Perhaps the most influential woman in Chile did not come from a family of social position or wealth.

1925J SOUTH AMERICA AND MISSIONARY WORK

We do well in our mission work to lay our emphasis on work for the great body of the people. As to our teachers I too would pre- pare them better for specialized teaching but it is easy for teachers to lose sight of the fact that persons, more than subjects to be taught, are the important thing."

"Well, I could make criticisms on what we have seen," said another, "but I would say only one thing, that it seems to me that what is needed in South America is some of the courage of Paul in these Nicodemus leaders. Many of them are in sympathy with our evangelical churches and their principles but are not ready to make the sacrifice of open avowal. How are we to get churches for this class until some of them boldly do what Paul did in identifying him- self with the church of the despised and the poor1"

"This trip has been a delight to me," said another member of . the group. "I have seen how mi.ssionary work begins and how necessary it is to begin right, even if it means slower growth. I realize the importance of this especially in the matter of self-support. To do for people what they can and ought to do for themselves is an injury and not a kindness."

"I come home loving the women and girls of South America," said another of the women, "especially of Chile. I have been dis- appointed in the churches of fo1ome of these countries but since I have seen the girls I have taken fresh eourage. I observe that the women leaders in the mission work and in many other aspects of life in some of these lands are the graduates of our mission schools."

"What the missions have done," said the last woman who spoke, "is the miracle of the loayes and the fishes. And the results are just now beginning. From so little that we have given, as yet, far greater things are already appearing. I think we should study the needs of Christian mystici:;;m in our Protestant worship and its forms. Also we should see that these girls so eager and friendly de- Rerve what they are reaching out for. In education they certainly deserve something better than goes under the name of 'university' in some of these countries."

"Of my impressions," said one of the group, "I would speak of three. First, I see more clearly than ever the value and necessity of the work of the Committee on Cooperation in Latin America and I appreciate what Dr. Inman and Dr. Orts have done. Second, I too wish we might reach influential leaders but I remember that the New Testament was written in the language of ordinary men and that the Gospel took hold of the mass of human society. Don't let U8 be afraid to go down to the peon and the roto. And third, we are asking too much of our missionaries in the way of sacrifice."

"Now," said the last speaker, "we are going home to be a company of advocates of South America. Ve have got a great deal of good andrpade many friends .. The great South A.merican papers

could not have been kinder to us than they were and we have helped the leaders of the national evangelical churches to realize the real purpose of our missionary work' and to see more clearly the ideal of it all which is to be realized in their absolute independence and authority. We have done our best to help them to see that the missions and the home churches are eager to have them take the leadership that we may follow them. The Congress at Montevideo and the regional conferences whieh preceded and followed it have made it clear how great is our duty at home to work together with one another and wi.th the South American Ohnrehes. They laid out a dozen more tasks whieh they wish us to undertake with them. If anyone thought that we are not wanted in South America or that our work is done, these congresses put au end to that misconception. They called for a quadrupling of our cooperative work. Let us go home to summon our churches to respond to the call which we have heard set forth with sueh urgency and friendship and good will."

These were first impressions. One may be sure that some of them, at least, will remain as permanent convietions.

FOURTEEN POINTS ON FOREIGN MISSIONS 1. Every book in the New Testament was written by a foreign missionary, 2. Every letter in the New Testament that was written to an indi- vidual was writen to a convert of a foreign missionary, 3, Every epistle in the New Testament that was written to a church was written to a foreign missionary church.

4. Every book in the New Testament that wa~ written to a com- munity of believers was written to a general group of foreign missionary churches.

5. The one book of prophecy in the New Testament was written to 'the seven foreign missionary churches in Asia.

6. The only authoritative history of the early Christian Church is a foreign missionary journal.

7. The disciples were called Christians first in a foreign missionary community.

8. The language of the books of the New Testament is the mission- ary language.

9. The map of the early Christian world is the tracing of the jour- neys of the first missionaries.

10. Of the twelve apostles chosen by Jesus, every apostle except one became a missionary.

11. The only man among the twelve apostles who did not become a missionary became a traitor.

12. The problems which arose in the early Church were largely questions of missionary procedure.

13. Only a foreign missionary could write an everlasting gospel.

14. According to the apostles, missionary service is the highest expression of Christian life. :-William Adams Brown.

A White-Turbaned Leader in

An Account of the Life and Personality of K. T. Paul, of the Y. M. C. A. in India BY REV. H. A. POPLEY, MADRAS, INDIA Religiou s Work Dfrpartment of the National Y. M. C. A.

I N ORDER to understand truly a man and his make-up it is neces- sary to go back to the influences which shaped his career. This is the more important in a land like India where group and family life play so large a part. With this in mind I attempt to give here some account of the personality and career of my friend, K. T. Paul. "K. T." as he is familiarly called, the white-turhaned chief of the Indian Y. M. C. A., is today an outstanding na tional leader in India, and an international personality who is known and respected throughout both Europe and America.

K. '1'. Paul was visit- ing Erode in connection with the w 0 l' k of the Nat io n a I Missionary Society wh011 I first met him.

Next I saw him in Trivan- drum in December, 1910, at the second meeting of the General Assembly of the South India Unit~d Church.

This occasion was a potent KANAKARAYAN T. PAUL factor in determining the Genera] Secretary, National Council of Young Men's course of my own life and Christian AssociatioDs of India and Ceylon. A uni- rerslty man. experienced in Civil Rervice. a.n acknowl- our mutual relationships. edged Jeader of Indian thought, and a 'Worker whose ability has been proved in great tasks.

'fhe United Church had then been recently organized by the union of a number of' Presbyterian and Congregational churches, and the problem of a common liturgy for our church services was before us. "K. T." sounded the note which has been distinctive of him all through, the note of a natural and national method of self-expression for the Indian Church, and urged that a liturgy should be prepared which should not be a mere copy of Western forms, but should have its roots in the ancient religious traditions of the land. At the next assembly, in 1912, 679

at the instance of Mr. Paul, a new committee was appointed to attempt to bring together the material for such a liturgy. As I was made covener of the committee, this brought me into close and intimate association with him. We also got together in connection with the new rural work inaugurated by the Y. M. O. A. At that time I was working with the London Missionary Society at Erode, and it had become clear to us that the economic betterment of the Christian community in the villages required the or- ganization of cooperative credit societies. The first Rural Y. M. C. A. Secretary was stationed at Erode.

In June, 1914, the South Iudia United Church appointed a small committee to cOllsider organizing an evangelistic campaign through- out the whole Church. Mr. Paul was a member of that committee, of which I was convener. Our first meeting was held at the old Paul farmhouse, two miles from Salem, a most charming spot, where I first made the acquaint- ance of Mr. Paul's family. This old farmhous~, which THE MOTHER OF K. T. PAUL had been for three generations the homestead of the Paul family, was a long, low, thatched building in a typical South Indian farm.

A small irrigation stream ran through the property and watered the rich rice lands. A big well on the land at that time was not in much use, as it needed a considerable expenditure of money to deepen and improve it. Magnificent mango trees yielded the luscious variety of this Indian fruit for which Salem is famous. To the west could be seen the well-wooded Shevaroy Hills. Around were other smaller ranges of hills. Salem ·with its 60,000 inhabitants lay two miles off, hidden away in the groves of mango, tamarind and cocoanut. .

To understand K. T. Paul the rural life in ·which he was born must be understood. He is a son of the soil, with a deep interest in aud an experimental knowledge of agriculture. He represents the best traditions of the South Indian rural middle class with its natural culture and dignity and its newborn aspirations for public life. He was reared in the class which has produced some of the greatest saints and poet-philosophers of the old bhakti school of Tamil Saivism and Vaishnavism, and which forms the backbone of South Indian philanthropy and commerce.

A WHITE-TURBANED LEADER IN INDIA

The ancestry of the Pauls contained elements that helped to form the warp of his charact.er. On the paternal side his grandfather was a Hindu, a Reddy by caste, an indigo merchant, and a native of Cuddaph in the Telugu districts. He was working as an agent for an European firm whose headquarters were at Chittoor. He was known as a very trustworthy man, and later he moved to Chittoor, where he became the head agent (or dubash) of the firm. There he joined the Roman Catholic Church. He had three sons and a daughter, whose name was KeturammaI. She became a nun and rose to be the first Indian lady superior of the convent at THE HOME OF K T. PAUL AT RALEM. INDIA Omalur. The youngest son, David, was the father of K. T. Paul. The grandfather married twice, and the children of the first wife were driven out by the stepmother. David became an attender on a salary of seven rupees a month at the Collector's cutchery in Chittoor. He worked his way up to the position of head clerk to the sub-collector and became Huzur Serishtadar' of the cutchery2 at Salem, a position he retained for eighteen years. He was an entirely self-educated man, with a remarkable personality, and had great influence throughout the district. His opinions are quoted frequently in the District Gazetteer and he took a prominent part. in the revenue settlement of the district He became a Protestant and died in 1878. K. T. 's grandfather was always held up to him as an outstanding man of unusual ability and a great benefactor.

1 Head accountant. 'CQllector's I)fllee.

People all over the district speak of his kindness, and the beggars :still sing folk songs which tell some incidents of his life.

K. T. Paul's ancestry was no less remarkable on the mother's . :side, in whom two interesting families came together. The first is that of Velayutha Tambiran, whose son, Satthianathan, became catechist in the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel. His :son, Dr. S. B. Kanakarayan, was a graduate of the Madras Medical College, and was one of the earliest medical men sent out to pioneer "V-,restern medicine in the mofussil. He built the first government hospital in Pollachi and was very much respected. He married Hannah, the daughter of Gingee Thomas, an owner of surf boats, in which the cargo and passengers of ships used to be landed at Madras before the harbor was built. The father of Girigee Thomas was a Roman Catholic and a non-commissioned officer who died fight- ing under Lord Lake in 1801. It is probable that from this fact Gingee Thomas received his name, as Lord Lake had much to do with the capture of Gingee Fort. Gingee Thomas was a writer of Tamil verse and he put the Old Testament into verse after the model of the Rama Nataka·m (Drama of Rama).

Hannah Ammal, K. T. Paul's maternal grandmother, was a woman of remarkable personality, sound judgment and high ideal- ism. After the Salem riots in 1882, she was prominent in the effort to secure harmony between the Hindus and Moslems. After the death of David Paul in 1878, when K. T. was only two years of age, Hannah Ammal managed the whole of the family property and took charge of the family till K. T. came of age. She was a member of the Anglican Church and a great friend of Dr. Bower, t4e chief re- viser of the Tamil Bible. She was educated by Mrs. Anderson, the wife of the founder of the Christian College, Madras, and was one of the few Indian women at that time who knew English. In those days when journeys had to be made by road, she used to go fre- quently to Madras.

Kanakarayan Thomas Paul was born on March 24, 1876, and was named for his two grandfathers and his great-grandfather. He was the only child of the marriage; his mother was only seventeen years of age at the time of his birth, and his father died two years later. One of his earliest recollections is that of a visit to Dr. Bower at Madras, when the veteran Tamil scholar took bim on his knee and blessed him. Another memory of this period, when he was six years old, recalls the gruesome Salem riots in 1882, when the Hindus completely demolished a large Moslem mosque, and a number of people were killed.

One of the greatest influences in young Kanakarayan's life was that of his grandmother, who used to read with him the Tamil versions of Pilgrim's Progress, the Holy War, and other books. She was always warning him of the evil of scandal-mongering, which

A WHITE-TURBANED LEADER IN

was entirely taboo in their family. Davamoni Sastriar, one of the family of Vedanaiyayam Sastriar, the great Tanjore Christian singer and poet, was a great friend of his grandmother and a con- stant visitor to the house. The songs of the poet were often sung, so that Kanakarayan came to have his great love for and familiar- ity with Tamil poetry and song.

In 1886 at the age of ten he was taken to Madras and joined the school department of the Christian College, then under the prin- cipalship of Dr. Miller, another of the great influences that moulded his life. While he was in school in the year 1887, on account of the conversion of a Brahmin student, all the Hindu boys left the school and college. .

Sarasvati Sastriar, a Christian sadhu,· came and stayed at the Thottam in Salem, as the Pauls' house was called, for six months, and Kanakarayan became his disciple, acting as his serva.1t, as was the ancient custom of India. Sarasvati Sastriar was a great Telugu singer, and it was through him that Kanakarayan gained his knowledge of and love for Telugu literature. He was different from the ordinary sadhu, a Vigorous and active man who threw himself into all kinds of social service, as well as engaged in religious medita- tion. He also did a good deal of medical work wi.th Ayurvedic medicines, of which he had a fair knowledge.

In 1889 Kanakarayan went to the London Mission High School, Salem, where that fine teacher, P. Sundram," introduced him to the masterpieces of English literature. At this time, he came into intimate contact with Asirvatham David, the headmaster of the Lon- don Mission High School, Coimbatore, with whom he read Dickens, Chalmers, and Cardinal Newman. He passed matriculation at the age of fourteen, and then went to Salem College. Here he was drawn into the whirlpool of Indian politics in company with his classmates, B. V. Narasimham, C. Rajagopalachary, and B. Danaraja Rao. He and B. V. Narasimham, a Brahmin, started a Bible class which met regularly at the Thottam, and continued throughout their course in tbe Christian College, Madras. They also studied the teachings of the Brahmo Samaj and the beautiful Tamil songs of the old Saivite saints. One of the little group decided to join the Christian Church, and all of them have been profoundly influenced in their lives and characters by the personality of .Jesus Christ.

Kanakarayan went through his course in the Salem College with distinction, winning a government scholarship for the graduate course. He studied there the works of Herbert Spencer, Huxley, Romanes, Henry Drummond, John Morley, Benjamin Kidd, Dr. Carpenter, and other religious and philosophical writers.

He returned to the Christian College, Madras, for the graduate course. In his class, in addition to his Salem .classmates, were R.

8 Ascetic.

Narayana Iyer, who passed into the Indian Civil Service and became a judge, V. S. Azariah, who became the Bishop of Dornakal, A. P. Patro, now Minister of Education in the Madras Government and knighted, Venkata Reddi Naidu, late Development Minister of the Madras Government, and recently made a knight, and P. J. Devasagayam, now the principal of the London Mission High School, Coimbatore. Among the Salem group C. Rajagopalachary became an outstanding national leader and Mahatma Gandhi's principal lieutenant, a man of high idealism and unblemished character. B. V. Narasimha Iyer was a leading lawyer and a member of the old Madras Legislative Council. During his graduate course in Madras, Kanakarayan decided to join the College Church, Madras, connected with the Presbyterian Church. His grandmother, though a staunch Anglican, respected his decision and joined him at his first communion. He was brought into close contact with Rev. W. Kellett of the Wesleyan Mission, a man of deep spiritual insight and great influence with young men. Politics, social reform and Tamil litera- ture were tpe principal interests in his life. At that time Pandits Suryanarayana Sastri, Natesa Sastri, Kanakasababathi Pillay, Sundram Pillay and Swaminatha Tyer were doing great work for the Tamil classics and in current Tamil literature.

Kanakarayan went into the law college and at the same time took a position as clerk in the secretariat, and so got a thorough grounding in office work and method, which was to stand him in good stead in after years. At the close of his law course he resigned his work in the secretariat and went back to Salem, where he took up farming for a year. Then on an urgent request from his old friend, P. J. Devasagayam of Coimbatore, he went to the London Mission High School as a teacher, and in 1900 took his Licentiate of Teaching, passing first in the Presidency. After his normal course he accepted the position of headmaster of the Punganur High School of the American Arcot Mission. At this time he received an offer of an assistant inspector's position from the Government. On consulting Dr. Miller about this offer, he received the characteristic reply, "Surely you would not consider going down from Christian education to a government inspectorate." That settled the question.

In his eighteenth year he had been recognized as head of the family in Salem. The turban was placed on his head and his grandmother blessed him. Shortly after, his grandmother passed away, and his mother took her position in the family. In 1899 he was married to the daughter of Narasingha Rao, Sub-Registrar, Tiruppatur, after an engagement of two years.

In 1903 Dr. Miller offeretl him the position of tutor in the Christian College and he accepted. It was the beginning of a new era in student work in Madras. The influence of Larsen and Hogg was effecting great things and he worked with them. At this time

A WRITE-TURBANED LEAD.l!JR IN INDIA

also with Devadasen David, an old friend, he started the paper Christava N esan, which expired in two years, leaving them the poorer in pocket, but richer in experience.

In 1905 a conference of leaders of the Indian Church met at Serampore under the inspiration of G. S. Eddy, who said to him, "We had to come all the way to Serampore to know each other." At this conference the National Missionary Society of India was organized, and K. T. Paul was made Honorary Treasurer and later Organizing Secretary. During his holidays he went about all over India, organizing branches of the Society in the different churches. In 1907 he became the first full-time Secretary of the Society and K. T. PAUL. HIS WIFE. SON. DAUGHTERS AND A WOMAN RELATIVE returned to Salem to live. As Municipal Councillor and District Board Member he gained experience of the work of local self-government. For five years he worked strenuously for the National Missionary Society, placing that fine society on a stable foundation in the hearts of Christian young India and coming into intimate contact with the missionary and church leaders all over India. His life was a hard one, as he was frequently away from home on long journeys and had to endure the discomforts of third-class travel and lodgings in all sorts of places. This was the period when he gained his wide and intimate knowledge of the economic and spiritual condition of the Christian community from Peshawar to Cape Comorin and from Bombay to Barisal.

In 1912 he was chosen to accompany John R. Mott in his

all-India tour during which the United Missionary Councils were organized throughout India. At the Conference of the Y. M. C. A. Secretaries at Puri, on the East Coast, famous for the great temple of Jaganath, the first Y. M. C. A. Conference he attended, he was offered by E. C. Carter the position of Associate General Secretary of the Y. M. C. A., with especial reference to the development of rural work. For one year he travelled throughout India, coming into close contact with the Y. M. C. A. work in every part and in ]913 he took up the work of organizing the Rural Department of the Y. M. C. A.

The period of preparation and training in K. T. Paul's life had been a long and a full one and he had gained wide experience in many spheres of life. He had already won a position of leadership in the Indian Church and had shown himself to possess resource and judgment to a remarkable degree. In 1909 he took a prominent part in the negotiations which led to the formation of the South India United Church and was the first Indian to be elected President of the General Assembly of the church in the year 1912.

In the 'year 1913 he started the rural work of the Y. M. C. A. in the districts of Coimbatore and Cuddapah, in South India, and so began to work out his great idea of rooting the Y. M. C. A. in the rural communities of India, and of helping to solve some of the economic problems of the rural Christian community.

Then in the year 1914 the Great War broke out and E. C. Carter did one of the finest things in his career. He deliberately gave up his General Secretaryship of the Y. M. C. A. with the object of leaving K. T. Paul in a position of leadership and responsibility in the movement and so K. T. Paul became the General Secretary of the Indian National Council of the Y. M. C. A. From 1917 onwards, F. V. Slack was with him as Associate Secretary. The self-effacing and disinterested work of these two American leaders has meant a very great deal to the movement in India. It was under their leadership that the foundations of the Indian Y. M. C. A. were laid and by their inspiration that its Indian leadership was made secure.

Throughout the war years the work of the Y. M. C. A. went forward by leaps and bounds under K. T. Paul's guidance and the lessons of his earlier experiences in many different spheres now came to fruition. He showed himself a wise, capable and resourceful leader, never allowing the external developments of Y. M. C. A. work to get too far ahead of the steady internal development of the organization, even in the hectic years of 'the war. At his instance a number of fine Indian young men were enlisted in the service of the Y. M. C. A. and the Indian Y. M. C. A. took on more and more of an Indian character. During this period also he helped to start the Christian Central Bank to finance the cooperative societies started by the Y. M. C. A. among the poor Christian communities

A WlItTE-TURBANED LEADER iN

and the depressed classes. He also occupied prominent posltloiiS in the important councils of the Church throughout India.

As the war drew to its close and politics came to the forefront, the public life of the country drew his attention more and more. He came to be recognized as an outstanding leader by all the different communities throughout India and was one of the few Indian Christians to take his stand against communal representation for the Indian Christian community. He was an associate of Lionel Curtis in his work on the Reformed Constitution and in 1919 at the invitation of the English National Council and the International Committee of North America he made his first voyage to the West. During his stay in England he gave evidence before the Joint Committee on Indian Reforms, emphasizing again his point against communal representa:tion, a position to which many Indian Christian leaders are now rapidly coming. He returned to India at the close of 1919 to face a period of reduction and reconstruction in the work of the Y. M. C. A., and of unrest and disturbance in the political world. He was one of the first to foresee the necessity of a radical curtailment of the war-swollen work of the Indian Y. 1L C. A. and worked steadily to the end of retaining all that was valuable and f'ssential and to the lopping off of everything that was not vital.

Throughout all this he had many interests in the public life of the country and in the work of the Christian Church in India. During his visit to London in 1919 he was responsible for establishing the Indian Students' HosteJ in the old Shakespeare Hut, behind the British Museum, a piece of work that showed his farseeing vision and statesmanship. Since then he has made two other trips to the West and has become well-known to Y. M. C. A. leaders throughout the world.

There are criticisms made of his work, as of that of every great leader, but none can fail to rec,ognize that to him perhaps more than to any other single individual the Indian Y. M. C. A. owes its present position of national leadership in thought and service. His friends believe that his work is only just beginniug. It may be that this whole period has been the preparation for a national service of even greater usefulness. Whatever and wherever it may be, we feel confident that God has not yet finished with K. T_ Paul and that the future which lies before him is full of infinite possibilities of service.

Bishop Fred. B. Fisher, of the Methodist Episcopal Church in India, says that the kind of missionaries needed today are those with an absorb- ing love for God and for their fellow men; with absolute freedom from racial or national prejudice; freedom from religious conceit; those who have a true social vision; a confidence in the greatness of Christ and in His ability to supply every human need; those with humility and a will- ingness to give up personal control of the enterprise.

Impressions on a World Tour·

A Letter from Dr. Wilfred T. Grenfell of Labrador ON my way to Labrador, I had to pass through this harbor (Sydney) and found myoId friend, Capt. H. Donald Mac- . Millan, with his two boats here against the wharf on their way to the North Pole. He invited me to join him and he offered to land me at one of our hospitals (Battle Harbor, Labrador).

Of course, impressions grow cold in time. Our thinking machine is a machine-the most wonderful on earth–and in the bustle of these days it gets as clogged up as the Norwegian telegraph stations did with messages when Amundsen and his crew turned up safe again not long ago.

I must try and write you a line from the rail–who can say when I shall be near a post office again 1 By me is the Naval Flight Lieutenant in charge of the airplanes! We have been talking of ice landings from the air. In the paper today is a notice of the death of his flying chum, Lt. Com. Chase, godfather to his son, who crashed and was killed in Honolulu (an unusually expert flier). Who knows anything on earth7 Is the atom something or nothing moving round in a circle? Am I sitting on this raiH I believe I am-and that's all that any man can prove. This is an age of faith, and we know it.

The first great lesson ,ve picked up from "goiug round the world" was this-what a heap of people there are in it! Howextraordinarily alike they are at heart! When you get through the pachydermatous covering, all are human, all are capable of good and evil, of joy and sorrow. But, above all, all are able to help forward the Kingdom of God if once they grasp the meaning of our stay on earth. Egypt, Sudan, Palestine, Syria, Mesopotamia, Iudia, China, Japan, Oanada and the United States of America-rioting, murders, suffering, sin, sorrow, joy and accomplishments or failures. We saw them all. Sometimes the world did seem to us upside down-what must it seem to God above f But I am a surgeon. My first job in life has been to do as good work as I can to prolong human existence on earth. I've been discouraged sometimes, especially when I had to try, at great expense, to send back again to his family the drunken and dangerous animal who has come under my care only because of his own viciousness. But as I was in hospitals all around from New York and London to the Rockefeller Hospital at Peking, I saw men-IDen like myself, patiently trying to tackle just such jobs, and that not for money- *Written from. on board the ship Bowdoin} Sydney, C. Po, June 26. 1925. Dr. a.nd Mrs. Grenfell have recently returned from a world tour and he here gives bis imvressions or the foreign missionary w(Jrk and some lessons he learned.-EnITOR.

688 but because they believed human life is 'North while. If they saw as God sees, would they think so ~ That's the second great secret-it is because they do see as Christ saw, that they stick to their work. They believe that God needs men-that in Egypt he needs Egyptians-though, just as we were going to be guests in Sir Lee Stack's home at Khartum, a lot of half-educated Egyptian boys murdered that noble man. They believe that in India He wants Indians-though we saw thousands of painted, panting, perspiring fanatics night after night at places like Conjeeveram, guilty of every kind of disgusting and imbecile superstition, defiling that exquisite God-made environment far into the hours of rest and darkness. The same is true in China. In spite of those who still believe that Emopeans and Americans gouge out children's eyes for medicine, and in spite of those who perpetuate the bestial cruelties of the Boxers or the little better negations of all human likeness to God in the shambles of Canton, the missionaries still believe that God wants Chinese. So in the loneliness, and amid the difficult and often hostile and dangerous surroundings, men are as full of fun as a sand hoppel', and as full of simple human emotions as, shall I say, men in ,Vall Street or in an "orthodox" congregation jiscussing creeds and church rituals in safety and comfort at home.

Men and women, young and old, rich and poor, some are at work out there, receiving enough to live on as they.have a right to do- but not growing rich on it-and always capable of doing more if only they were given more to do it with, for money gives freedom and relief from worry. But what a number are out on the mission fields simply because they have the true knight's vision, viz: that the best place from every point of view in which to pass our years on earth is where the job is hardest and where we are most needed by man and God. There is where the real challenge of Christ comes-not a challenge to "know" and "understand" all the philosophic or phys- ical problems about Jesus Christ which we cannot know till we have crossed over, but a challenge to understand what we may know by following Him. C That was a great. lesson. In a city away up from Nanking, I lived with a man who went there with three others after only one "foreigner" had been kno,vn to enter the eity and he had been promptly killed by the crowd. My friend and his three friends were only saved from the same fate by the fact that the governor had learned from the death of the other (whose life was not lost) that it meant less trouble to kick the neweomers out alive-which he did at once. These brave men went baek two years later-all four. Two are now gone to the last Home, but one-my host-still lives in that city-a lovely home–a hospital-orphanages-churehes-native pas- tors-sehools-and when the last bandit army attaeked the city, he received from the Chinese governor-though not a Christian-the 3

TItE MISSIONARY REVIEW 01<' 1'111<; wUHLu

offer of every soldier in the city to protect the mission station. He has lived to see that-and be is a volunteer missionary–a rich mem- ber of a banker's family from New York City!

I was walking in a city with another missionary-a young uni- versity man. We were hunting hand looms. For, like Gandhi, whom I met in India, we in Labrador are preaching our Gospel in one way by giving the people industries so that the message of love may come through enabling a mother to feed and clothe her babies rightly. We found in one home a Chinese actually making forty yards of home- spun by hand in a day! I bought that loom, at once, for Labrador. My missionary friend (away up the Yangtze River and right in the line of fire between the now fanatical and rampant Yunnanese and Oantonese) promised to see the matter through and send the loom prepaid to Labrador.

"How much will it cost~" I asked. "Nothing at all," he replied. "Booh. It will cost quite a lot."

"Not one milleme. I've always wanted a hand in your work in Labrador, ~, he said.

"But I can't allow a married man on a missionary salary to do it. " "Well, if you must have it," he said, "I do take a salary and live on it-to be like the rest. But that leaves me still my own income to put into the mission budget here. "

He won out. The loom won't cost Labrador one cent! And . . . well . . . I got a blessing, not because he told me that he believed in anything, fundamental or modern, but just because he showed me that he had the same spirit that kept Jesus Christ in Galilee till His enemies crucified Him. That is what is wanted and what exists in the "mission field." I rerkoll. that what my missionary friend believed was right, though he didn't tell me what it was. He believed a good deal more I am sure than Thomas or Judas-or even James and John-when the Master first called them to be His knights and chevaliers and to go out to preach the Gospel and heal the sick.

The only force in the world today capable of saving the world is the force of love. Anyone" going round the world" with his eyes open, and an observing mind can see that. I say anyone. Force has been proved a failure. Why worry with a demonstrated failure? r~ove-the greatest thing in the world-is the only force that can save the world. It not only can do it, but is doing it. It is under- .mining the middle wall-the wall of convention, of ignorance, of distrust, of superstition; that Vall cannot be knocked down. But as you go round the world, you can see that this wall is being under- mined, and you can see also who are doing it. It is the men and women who possess not intellectual infallibility but the loving spirit of the Christ and who possess it wlque ad mortem. They will have not only the Crown of Life, but theirs is the ~rown of this life.

SOME IMPRESSION8 ON A WORLD TOUR

I came away from some of these men and women of whom I had never heard before and I knew that I had been in real communion with the living Lord. They are men and women like you and me. That was the second great truth we learned. That is why God needs human life. That is why it is worth being a surgeon to repair the physical machines and so enable them to go on serving a little longer the man inside, whose service God needs.

Isn't there anti-religious feeling in Russia ~ Isn't there anti-religious propaganda in Ohina? Isn't there more anti-Ohristian fighting force being used today than for many years?

Thank God there is. The Devil is switching his tail around at last-some one is really treading on it. It is better to be killed while you are alive for doing things than to be dead 'while you talk about doing them.

Still quietly sitting by my side on the rail is the Flight Oommander, who, in spite of the death of his chum by crashing from the air, in spite of the news of the terrible dangers of landing on sea ice, as Amundsen found it-in spite of a wife and three lovely children at home-is as an officer in the navy of his homeland, in the front line of Uncle Sam's fighting forces, going to take his life in his hands over the polar sea and do his hazardous duty without even thinking of the danger or talking about the sacrifice. ,Von't he have a good time! What does Christ expect of you and me~ (To be concluded.) The Twenty-Third Psalm An American Indian's Version The Great Father above is a Shepherd Chief. I am His and with Him. I want not. He throws out to me a rope, and the name of the rope is love, and He draws me, and He draws me to where the grass is green and the water not .dangerous, and I eat and lie down satisfied.

Sometimes my heart is very weak, and falls down, but He lifts it up again and draws me into a good road. His name is Wonderful.

Some time, it may be very soon, it may be longer, it may be Ii long, long time, He will draw me into a place between mountains. It is dark there, but I'11 draw back not. I'll be afraid not, for it is in there between the mountains that the Shepherd Chief will meet me, and the hunger I have felt in my heart all through this life will be satisfied. Sometimes He makes the love rope into a whip, but afterwards He gives me a staff to lean on.

He spreads a table before me with all kinds of food. He puts His hands upon my head, and all the" tired" is gone.

My cup He tills till it runs over. "That I tell you is true, I lie not. These roads that are" away ahead" will stay with me through this life, and afterward I will go to live in the" Big Tepee, " and sit down with the Shepherd Chief forever.

and Religion in the

The Religi011s .Aspects of the InsWllte on Pacific Relations BY PRO}<'ESSOR F. D. }'LEMlt-;G, PH.D., NEW YORK adventure in friendship for the entire Pacific area was re- cently held in Honolulu, Ha"waii (June 30 to July 15, 1925), called the "Institute on Pacific Relations," when more than a hundred active and about fort.y associate members met together from nine Pacific countries. The groups numbered as follows: Australia, 6; Canada, 6; China, 13; Continental United States, 28; Hawaii, 16; Japan, H) j Korea, 6; New Zealand, 11; Philippines, 3; members at large, 3; total active mombers, 111. The American group included representatives of labor, business, the press, education, political science, religion, and other fields of activity.'" The Institute had its roots at least five years back in a proposal for an international Y. M. C. A. conference. But in time the conception was transformed to the broadest possible basis, unlimited by race, creed, color, or political position, and with the object of promoting an impartial, frank, and thorough research into vital and urgent Pacific questions. Although the Association thus obliterated itself, the Institute was made possible by its quiet, efficient, and international service, and the members were chosen by representative committees gathered through its influence. A wide range of political, economic, social, and cultural questions were considered. Snch topics as the following were discussed: immigration regulations and policies j the industrialization of the Far East; extraterritoriality, cnstoms control, tariff revision and foreign loans in China; treatment of resident aliens in the countries of t~e Pacific; standards of living in the Pacific; Il ational economic • c~ C. Batcheldor, expert on Pacific eommerc.e, former U. S. "'!'l'adf:: Commhvdoner and Com~ mercial Attache. India and ChJna, New York; Dr. George H. Blakeslee, professor of history and international relations, Clark University, Worcester, Massachusetts; F. S, Brockman, associate general secretary of International Committee. Y. M. C. Aq New York; Dr. N. li". Coleman, presi~ dent of Reed C011 ege. Portland, Oregon; F. M. Davenport, membf'r of Congress, professor of law and politics Hamilton College, Clinton, New York; Miss "Mary Dingman. industrial work secre~ tary, Y. W.' c. A. world committee, New YorIr; Charles H. Fahs, librarian, edltor, geographer, New York; Dr. D. J. Fleming, professor of Missions Union Theological Seminary, New York; George Gleason, secretary Y. M. C. A., Los Angeles; Dr. H. H, Gowen, professor Oriental languages and literature, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; Alfrea Holman, editor, San Fran- C18CO Bulletin, San Francisco, CaJifornia ~ Stanley K. Hornbeck, DoltU(',al e(~onomlst and expert on foreign affairs, lecturer on Far East, Harvard; Dr. Paul HutChinson, editor, Chicago; Dr. Jeremiah W. Jenks, political economist, professor o~ government and pubH(' administration, director of Oriental commerce and politics, New York OniYersity, l'cw York Cit.y;' Dr, S. G. Lowrie, professor of political science, University of Cinc;innati. Ohio; H. N. Lynch, vice-president and manager San Francisco Chamber of Commerce, 8R.u Fran('Jisco; Mrs. Parker S. Maddux, political and social worker, San Francisco; Dr. Robert E. Park, .I?rofes~or of sociology, ~niversity. of: Chicago research director Race Relations surve,y on PaCIfIc Coast; Dr. F. Rawlmson, c(lltor Chinese'Recorder and "China Missi.on Year Book"; C. H. R()wel1, editor, writer ani] lecturer, Berkeley. California: Paul Scharrenberg, secretary-treasurer California. State Federation of Labor, San Francisco, California; Dr. Alva W. Taylor, secretary Board of Temperanc(! and Social Welfare, DiscipIes of Christ, Indianapolis, Indiana j Dl',". P. J, ~r('at, professor history, Stan!o:z:d University, Palo Alto, California; Dr. Ray Lymar; 'VIlb.ur, pre~ldent of Leland Stanford Jr. Umversity Palo Alto California; WilHam Allen WhIte, edItor. Emporia, Kansas Ga,'":'ctte; Dr. C. 0.. Wilson: publicist, 'professor of International Law, Harvard, C~mbr!dge, M~ssac~llsetts; Dr. W. W. Wil1oughby, professor of political science, Johns Hopkins TTnr~ersltYt n.dv~sor ChInese government, Baltimore j Dr. Mary E. WoollE'Y. president of Mount Holyoke college, Souto Hadley. Massachusetts.

692 and commercial policies; methods of international cooperation about the Pacific; facts and implications of the present situation in China. .11ost of these questions had their legal, financial, social, psychological, educational, and religious aspects.

Among tIle more specifically rpli~ious topics were: the application of the teachings of Buddha, Confucius, and .Jesus to the problems of interracial and international relations; the function of religion in bringing' about the solution of the problems of the Pacific; the political relations of foreign miRsions; and the foreign missionary as an interpreter between peoples.

The chairman, President Ray Lyman Vilbur, said in his closing address; "One thing that has impressed us all, I think, is that there is a great place for religioll in the study of problems such as we meet when we come together on a common ground to study nations and races."

This judgment very likely came not so much from any obvious and formal part that religion played in the Institute, as from the general temper and spirit which characterized the whole gathering. At the beginning brows were knit and inter-group suspicions were not unknown. Before the two weeks of unselfish effort in the spirit of friendship under a common roof had ended even faces showed that tensions had been relieved. Attitudes, points of view, and determinations had changed. Some came acknowledged pessimists with reference to certain situations and went away with hope. Some who r,ame thinking of millions en masse as "Japanese," or "Chinese," or "American," went away after such vivid and inspiring personal relationships that forever certain problems will be seen against a background of individual Japanese, Chinese, and Americans.

This Institute brought together mell and women of widely vary- . ing thought and experience who gained much from contact and exchange of views. Idealists and those more identified with religion learned better to take into consideration hard facts and the inertia of human nature, to realize that each situation has had a life history and cannot be suddenly changed without reference to this. It is a complex and difficult matter to work out human brotherhood 1Il treaties, laws, and actual practice.

On the other hand, realists may have discovered that they do not actually see the world until they see it in the context of its faiths and aspirations. In no place did this appear more plainly than in the illuminating survey of the history' of the development of cooperation between countries of the Pacific along scientific lines. Confidence in the ability of men to work together is an essential factor for the solution of human problems. Such confidence religion can supply. If practical men are looking for practical steps that may be taken in certain inter-racial problems, they should welcome an informed exposition of those religious forces which may be enlisted

in an effort to make divergent races recognize each other as brotherly members of one human family. All too often in the West there is a tendency to act as if economic forces were the only ones to be considered, when it can be shown that in many cases human emotions are the driving forces of conduct. The Chinese members of the conference explained that the good-will of the Chinese people is more important than the material advantage of the moment gained from retaining unjust treaty rights.

The Institute, for the most part, centered on specific living issues and situations about the Pacific rather than upon abstract or general principles. Those who had convictions about the place their religion can play in establishing human values sat about the conference table along with earnest men and women whose primary contributions would come from other aspects of life's experience and thought. Light on the question was what was wanted, be the contributor economist, publicist, editor, or religionist.

In spite of this free and open field for contribution from religion, it mus! be confessed that the Institute left much to be desired on this side. The inquiry with which the sessions began-as to what the teachings of Buddha, Confucius, and Christ can contribute to the solution of the problems of the Pacific-was dropped almost immediately. In part this was because of the general plan of concentrating on specific issues and situations. But in part, also, it was because most of the various religions about the Pacific did not have those present who were qualified by personal loyalty, depth of experience, and scholarly knowledge of the religion concerned to represent them. Some might say that their religion refuses to submit to this pragmatic test, that it has to do with the life beyond, and that it has little concern with affairs this side the grave. Some might assert that modern Buddhism is largely parochial, lacking international yision, and that it is not now working for international harmony. Prof. M. Anesaki, of the Imperial University, Tokyo, while admitting this, insists that "this does not mean that the Buddha religion has never had or never will have a claim or bearing upon international relationships."

One unusual feature of the Institute was a daily period of meditation held each morning out on a quiet and shaded hillside from which the waters of the Pacific could be seen. For fifteen minutes there was silence preceded only by the reading of some sacred or other inspiring writing. Leaders were chosen from the various religious faiths present, and the readings were from Buddhism, Oonfucianism, modern poets such as Browning, Wordsworth, and Emerson, as well as from the Christian Scriptures. In that fellowship was produced a temper and a spirit which, if they became general, would give an atmosphere in which the most irritating of international difficulties would find readier solution.

A Korean's Own

Mr. Ki1n Evident Help Writes of His Christian Experience TRANSLATED BY ONE WHO KNEW HIM H OW shall I, Kim Evident Help, ever repay the goodness and love of the teacher who has used unstinted effort for me these many years 1 You are our first father-preceptor. As one gently trains and nourishes children you have made disciples of us, receiving us as beginners in the faith and baptizing us. Year after year you have gathered us' into one school, leading us onward with many and m::),rvelous methods of instruction. Truly the hammer that beats out the fine gold of instruction is in the sentence you once gave us, "Do not drive sheep but lead them." For seven or eight years in this cave-on-Mt. Sinai-like retreat I have received from your lips the treasures that came forth after you had, in your own mind and heart, understood the deep spiritual truths of God's word. I am no longer Kim (metal), I am Keum (gold) and through God's tempering I desire to become fine gold.

How can I repay the grace I have received? I am still a child in the faith, what can I do? Though I desired to repay. it with a gift, how could I do so ~ I have nothing. Though I would repay it with mental effort, how could I ~ I forget so easily. With my bodily, strength what could I dof Nothing at all. But I can commit you to God and the Father of our Lord who can give all things abundantly and by prayer in the name of our Lord Jesus I can ensure to you all blessing and prosperity in this world and eternal blessing in the world to come.

You have asked for the story of my life. It is difficult to speak of my own affairs. There has been too much that is unworthy. Do not judge me harshly as you read, nor be all.xious in your heart because of doubts my words may raise. Only pray for me. I, also, desire to trust only the grace of our Lord and so I write, but I must close before I have written all. Time will not suffice. I write as God has given me light. I am now meditating on Matthew 5: 3-11.

BEFORE I WAS A CHRISTIAN My earthly home is in the district of Peaceful Valley. I am the unwcirthy son of Mr. Kim Established Peace, the illustrious scholar. In my early youth with no particular educational advantages I passed my time partly in study and partly in work in the fields. When I reached the age of twenty-four great disaster befell my house. My wife died of typhus, the water-spirit disease, leaving two little girls aged five and one respectively, and only seventeen days later my mother also departed this world leaving me with two little sisters, fi95

aged ten and one. Typhus is a contagious disease and others would llOt come near me. For three months I saw no one but these four gmall children. We lived in a lonely countryside. In those days there was no such thing as sugar milk in tins for motherless babes. In summer and winter, through sweltering nights and shivering days in my poverty-stricken house I cared for these children with my own hands. Nearly a year I spent with weeping infants beside me in indescribable filth. How could a man care for them properly7 In all this time there was not one who visited me with so much as a bowl of water to help me. Certain ones did come from time to time making pretense of assistance and having first well filled their own stomachs came with empty words of comfort, but what did that avail1 In less than a year all the children were dead. One after another they died and I buried them with my own hands in shallow graves upon the mountain side. And all the while the typhus in my own body made me ill. By our Korean custom a man may not marry within three years after one of his parents dies and so for three years I lived alone making my clothes and food with my own hands. So evil a life it was, I cannot tell about it all. And in that time I was beset with temptations and fell into deadly sin. Hut after the three years I married again and having secured an excellent wife I was comforted. Yet the seeds of disease remained in me and I had malaria for three years and moreover there were internal abscesses for four months from which I nearly died. Children were born to us but they died from time to time as soon as they were born until in bitterness of mind, because she was not a son, I called my one remaining daughter "Wretched Puppy," though in these days, since we became Christians, we have changed her name to "One IJove."

At loss what to do for a livelihood I thought for a time of being a doctor and studied the uses and meaning of drugs and roots and herbs for some months. But in Korea we think that all things are regulated by geomancy and so, fool that I was, for three years I studied the laws of the wind and the water spirits and indicated auspicious grave sites on the mountains for a price and in my avariciousness even caused ancestral graves to be moved and disturbed, representing to the families that the sites were not favorable and indicating others for large money. At that time a daughter of my first wife died. She was the wife of Elder Plum, and in great distress of mind I then heard the Gospel for the first time for the elder was a believer and my daughter was buried according to the Christian custom with Scripture readings and exhortation and the singing of hymns. For ten years I had served the seven stars, the spirits of heaven and earth, I had worshipped the Herdsman star in the constellation of Aquila on the 7th night of the 7th moon and kept the fifteenth day of the first month …

1925J A KORE,AN'S OWN STORY

I BECOME A CHRISTIAN These were the circumstances. Mr. White Harvest, the seller of Christian books, came to the house of Mr. Brilliant Jade where I was staying and explained the Gospel. I heard from him that Jesus believers had no traffic with spirits or idols, nor did they pay attention to the disposition of wind and water spirits (which the Chinese call feng-shui but we call poongsoo) nor do they use fortune-telling nor observe lucky and unlucky days. I heard the testimony from many other believers also and 1" said to myself, "If this is not a proper doctrine, can it ever prosper'" Yet we Koreans have a custom of repeating a spirit charm when we have an evil dream or are confronted with some untoward circumstance. We say, "Sa pool pum chung," which means, "Evil cannot harm the upright." This I repeated seven or eight times in the presence of these friends to avert the ill omen of this new doctrine, so foolish was I, and blind. They urged me to buy Christian books and read and when I would have replied to their exhortation with stubborn argument, they themselves bought and gave me the Christian books and I began to read and from that very time my father began to put obstacles in my way. I was ashamed and fearful because of my sins. I was afraid also lest I become a criminal in the eyes of the civil law by taking up a new religion. There were no pocket Testaments in those days so I must needs hide my large Testament in my bosom and read it betimes without my father's knowledge. I read it in moments of rest from my work about the farm. I read it when I was treading the rice huller with my foot on the lever-beam and my eyes on the Scripture. I read it when taking the ox out to graze on the hillside. So intently did I read, indeed, that only when I heard the warning shouts of other men did I look up to see that the ox had wandered into the standing grain and was eating it wastefully. So I lengthened his tether and tied it more firmly to the stake and … continued to read.

I SUFFER PERSECUTION My father attempted to prevent me from becoming a believer in many ways again and again. Upon a day he sharpened his sickle alid locking himself tightly in his room he said, II Be a Jesus believer if you will. I will starve myself to death!" Beg though we might, not for a moment would he open the door. vVas I not in an evil plight and dilemma ~ If I said I would not believe in Jesus it would be a sin against God. If I persisted in being a bBliever my father would surely die of self-starvation. And if he died how could I any longer live 1 What could I do ~ There was nothing else to do. I said, "Well, then, I will starve myself too for my father's sake." So I began to fast. On the next day I suddenly remembered the four idols which were worshipped in our house. I arose and burned them with fire and again lay down to die and my mind was at peace. But on

the morning of the third day of my fast the thought came into my mind that I ought not to allow my father to die so, that I ought frequently to go and remonstrate with him and urge him to take food again. So I went before his door and besought him to open it. "Will you go no more to the Jesus church 7" he asked and I answered equivocally, "Punish me if I do." He said, "If you will go no more to them, I will get up and eat," and forthwith he opened the door. Father and son, we called for food tables, together, and sat down to eat but our throats were tense with emotion and hot withal and we could not eat and our tears fell together and watered our food till it swam with tears. Then when we had wept together our throats were loosened and behold, we could eat. And so it was on the first following Lord's Day also. But my father missed his idols and he was white with rage and fear and again he persecuted me and beat me with the little wooden table from which we eat our food. Then my wife urged me to leave home for awhile until my father should grow calmer and less violent. So I left home, intending in a few days to return, and my wife made up a little bundle of things for me and came with me to the river side about two miles away and there we wept much together and parted. So I came over the mountains seventy-nve miles to the city of Great Hill to the house of Deacon Plum, he that once had been a leper but by the grace of God the disease was stayed. And I attended church in the schoolroom without walls which was then used as a church and I heard a missionary preach from the words, "If any man love father or mother more than me he is not worthy of me." They were the words of our Lord and the preacher said we might have to leave our pa,rents for Jesus' sake, but my Korean friends said, "You cannot do so. It is not Korean custom. " Yet after many days it came about as the missionary had said. At that time I first met you, and learned that you were called the pastor of our district and I was comforted by your sympathy.

Then I went back to my father but though I exhorted him and prayed for him he would not believe in Jesus. -Wherefore I thought within my mind, "Did I not really deceive my father that time when I imitated his fasting haIf-heartedly and made equivocal words to him T" So I made no words to anyone but I went to an empty house and for three days I fasted in secret again. And after a little my father's heart was touched and little by little in one way and another. he thought favorably of the Doctrine. Never would he admit that he accepted it but he spoke of it with favor to others, yea, even urging them to become believers and he showed love to the Christian brethren. I would not leave him alone but accompanied him wherever he went, to win his heart and once when he was at the home of my younger brother he said to me, "You ought to be with your family instead of remaining here with me. " So he sent me back to the city of Peaceful Valley where my family was but he himself remained

A KOREAN"S OWN STORY

with my younger brother because he had a concubine there and her son also. But though he would not be persuaded to be a Christian indeed and put away his secondary wife, my bosom swells and I cannot control my emotion when I recall his loving thought for us and the falling of his tears. When I visited him he would spread mats and say, "Have your worship here," encouraging me to pray also. He seemed to be fast becoming a Christian but, alas! for the things that were done on that day when you came to a neighboring village and, desiring to make it easy for my father to learn the doctrine and believe, sent a horse and groom for my father to bring him thither for a conference. He might have become a Christian but for the fact that there was an evil enemy among his cronies.

A malignant enemy he was, who followed along procuring barley wine for my father to drink by the wayside, and working subtly upon his mind in this way and in that prevented him from believing and took him away from us. Oh I an evil enemy indeed that old man of my kindred was, an evil enemy.

I BEGIN TO ·WORK I have passed lightly over the time in which I was away from home because of the early persecution. At that time a Christian brother whose name was Kim Holy Three, knowing of my persecution and distresses, took me to the village of Seven Valleys and every night I went to the church to pray. Many temptations I had in prayer; and in grief and sorrow for my sins and under conviction and compulsion I confessed them there publicly to my shame and disgrace.

r became a teacher of our language to a missionary newly come from America. Alas that I was away when he was stricken with the fever disease and departed from the world but when r returned and heard from his wife that among his last words he had said that he loved me, his teacher, r was touched and sorrowful beyond words. And afterwards r became teacher to another missionary newly come until such a time as he for some reason unknown to me, returned to America. Then there arose in my mind the tormenting thought that it was because of my unworthiness perhaps that one who had so loved me had died and one had left our land, and though I was thereafter called to take up the work of an evangelist in the years which followed, the thought would not leave me. I learned in after years that the wife of this missionary who had returned to his native land was ill with an evil disease of which she died in a hospital. As her last act she sent me a card with a picture of the hospital upon it and writing in her language and those who could read the Western writing said that she too said that she loved me. So I was grieved again by death but comforted with love.

It was my custom when starling out to visit the churches under

my care to bid him a respectful farewell and go. There came the day when for the last time I heard him say, "Return in peace of mind and body!"

I remained away for a month on that trip and I had planned on my returning way to stop at a church only nine miles from my home and spend three days there in pastoral work but the desire to see my father again pressed upon my mind like hot coals, so much did I love him, so I hastened on and I reached home long after the night had fallen. Then I learned that for eight days he had lain as one dead and only that day had he roused himself to say, "My boy comes home today." At that very moment I passed across the threshold to greet him but not even that one night did he linger for my ministration and exhortation. Before the dawn light.ened the East he had passed beyond and I heard from him no reassuring word that he was saved. For this have I not sorrow in my heart unceasingly until this very day~ DURING THE INDEPBNDENCE lfOVEMENT For s.everal years I continued as an evangelist in charge of churches and my interest grew with the progress of the work. In the meanwhile another evangelist had had the advantage of going through the Theological Seminary and because he had received ordination and become a pastor he superseded me in the work. And this thing too was a grief to me that another should take over my work but in my inmost heart I was glad and thankful that it could be so and that one more fitted for the work than I could take it up.

And then came the "Man-sey" year. "Man-sey" means "ten thousand ages." In your language you Ray" Hurrah" and we used this word to shout "Hurrah for independent Korea!" what time we heard that the independence of our country had been announced by those who had the matter in hand. There was no evil in our thought, only a'thrill brought by the word" independent" and with the others I, too, shouted" Man-sey." Therefore because of the shouting and of the tumult which followed I also became acquainted with prisons. This was the manner of it.

Many church workers and leaders had been imprisoned but I was yet at liberty and I thought to visit certain country churches which were bereft of leaders and spend a Lord's Day there. I had gone less than five miles when one overtook me, coming swiftly after me from the city and saying it would be better to remain at home. So I went back with him but I thought to myself that it would not be right to do nothing at all so I, too, shouted, "Man-sey."

Then the police and soldiers seized me and took me away for examination and they said, "Who told you to do thus and so~" thinking by my answers to fasten upon the missionaries the blame for the independence movement. But I answered truthfully, "No one." Then they said, ""Vith whom did you consult before you shouted

A KOREAN '8 OWN STORY

Man-sey~" And to this I answered, "With whom does a rooster consult when he wishes to crow ~"

Yet as it matter of fact there were three reasons why I shouted "Hurrah!" 1. The pastor and elders of my church had been imprisoned without cause. 2. I had a mind to go under arrest and have fellowship with their sufferings. 3. I wished that my country might be free if that were possible by the will of God. These answers were given to those who questioned me aud they were printed also in the papers following my examination.

When I was removed from the prison at — to the prison in the Capital, in response to questioning I made the following replies which were recorded in the prison books.

1. To the question, "What have you to say in regard to your sentence" Y I replied, "The sins which I have committed in the fifty-one years of my life could not nearly be atoned for by even fifty-one years of hard labor. Therefor my first thought is that only one year at hard labor is light punishment for such shameful sins especially when I earn a glorious name (of patriot.-Ed.) thereby."

2. They asked me what I thought of the majesty of the law and I replied that I had studied and pondered and learned the solemn words of the law of God but that now for the first time through many police examinations, through my shackles, in the midst of lamentations of fellow prisoners and by the anguish of sympathy with their suffering, I had learned the meaning of law experimentally in my own body.

3. They asked me why my people were doing such ungrateful things in spite of all the material improvements which Japan had made in the country and whether I had not been impressed by these improvements. I replied that I did not know all the inner meaning of the independence movement but that I was much impressed by the railways, the highways, the prison equipment (Italics ours.-Ed.) and the laws and rules of government.

4. They asked me what I thought about Korean independence. I replied that my idea was that if independence were sought in a selfish spirit it were an evil thing but not if it were desired in order that the business of the kingdom of heaven might prosper.

5. They asked me what, in my opinion, should be the relation between Koreans and Japanese. I replied, "In matters of education and agriculture and industry and commerce our relation should be that of parents and children and in any other matters one of brothers and sisters."

For a year in prison every day at a fixed hour we prayed, whereever we were and for this we were excessively abused and persecuted. Moreover at a time when it was exceedingly difficult to secure a copy of the Scripture, through the kindness of Pastor —, who secured permission to interview the prisoners and learn their wants, I obtained a large-print Bible which I could read without glasses and many of us read a little each evening but the time for reading was aggravatingly short. I had had no theological training and had long wished for an opportunity to study the Scriptures, especially the book of Romans, so every morning just before we were taken to our tasks I quickly read one verse and fastened it in my mind, reciting it

over and over again in the workroom all day long as I worked at weaving nets and paper hats. Thus I meditated over it and learned it little by little until after eight months I could recite fi'om the first through the fifteenth chapter and then at night when others were in distress because they could not sleep I could think through my fifteen chapters in one way and another and who can measure the boundless joy and glory it was to me1 Because I was so occupied with my Scriptures I seemed to become an especially hateful person in the eyes of those who were over me. Before I could recite through the sixteenth chapter of this lovely Epistle to the Romans we heard rumors of impending release and this was an anxiety to me because I was afraid that we might be released before I had time to learn it all! But as it turned out we remained two months longer and I did learn it all and I lived Romans day and night and finally when I went out from the prison I thought to myself, "This is my treasure. Daily I will recite it to myself and to my children also." But alas for our frailty! After my release it was not so because I am old and forget so readily. I could not recite it all and only the footprints of divine grace remained in my mind.

My BIBLE INSTITUTE EXPERIENCE The day of all my life which seemed to me most blessed was when at the age of forty-one my son was born. But when six years later I lost him, I did my church work sick at heart and each time on my return from making a circuit of the churches I visited his grave and wept. I did this until once God rebuked me there with thoughts which came into my mind for I said to myself, "Vile wretch! Your son died because of your sin, and disease inherited from you but God's own Son, Jesus, without sin or disease, endured for you on the cross infinite agony pouring out blood and sweat and crying out 'Eli, Eli, lama sabachthani.' He died there for your sin. What was the suffering of God Who saw His only Begotten Son dying there so¥" Immediately I prayed in confession and thanksgiving and from that time until now I have never visited the grave. I had learned the inner meaning of "God so loved the world tha.t He gave His only begotten Son."

Some of my temptations were ridiculous as I think of them now. Seven or eight years ago at a Bible Conference all the evangelists and elders had each one subject to teach and it was so announced on the hour-card pasted up on the notice board on the wall. But my! name was omitted and the people from my district noticed it and I was ashamed before them and that year I studied the Scriptures at the conference in much confusion of mind and I made confession to the pastor, saying, "This has been a grievous trial to me but I see that the principle is true that whatsoever a man soweth that shall he also reap." Again at the conference the next year when everyone

of the officers had one or two subjects to teach and were so posted on the hour-card, my name was not there. But I only praised God, for I had learned,my lesson of humility.

This year the district which I served as evangelist called its own pastor and I was chosen elder in my own church and served in that office. I desired to study again at the Bible Institute but I had no funds and my mind was disturbed. And it fell out that while I was so disturbed at that very time I received a request from the pastor to take charge of the Sunday service and preach. I preached, but because I preached from a mind that was not at peace I said things which I should not have said and I made the minds of my hearers heavy. This was a temptation and a sin. I have repented since, and I have studied at the Bible Institute with all my strength. I have received great blessing and by the grace of God have finished one course and become a graduate. One word of the instruction I received in this Institute I have not forgotten. It has stirred my zeal. In the first year of my studies here in reviewing the life of Duff, a missionary to India, you quoted his words, "Until now we have only been playing at missions. " It was a great incentive to me.

I have finished all my words. I have spoken at your request but I think that it is all a useless and profitless sound. Yet I see in my experience seven things as I have reviewed it here. I see the leading of the Spirit; the temptations of the devil. I see God looking after me in the wilderness. I see the valley of the shadow of my own anxieties. I see the all-sufficient grace of our Lord and the love of God in sending ministering angels. I see that the grace which I have received of Him has been mysterious and beyond all bounds.

Peace be unto you in the Lord, Kim Evident Help bows respectfully.

SOME QUESTIONS FROM: KOREAN STUDENTS Many will be interested in questions from Korean students that give insight into what some Christian students are thinking.

1. If God ereated us, then who created God' 2. What do you mean when you call J eaus the Son of God f 3. Do the ideas of Jesus agree with war' 4. What is Christian socialism' 5. Was not the lifting up of Moses' rod before the people idol worship' 6. Would Jesus have been crucified, if according to God's will, Judas had not betrayed Him 1 7. What proof is there for the virgin birth' 8. Is Christianity necessary if socialism be realized' 9. Is it necessary for one of true aetions and life to be a church-member, even though he does not attend a chureh 7 10. Please explain the real proofs for the truth of the Old Testament. 11. Who created the devil' 12. With Korea's conditions as they are now, is there not some other cause for divorce than adultery' 13. How can I explain heaven and hell distinctly so as to remove all doubt' 14. What are the best ways to explain the miracles of Jesus to an unbeliever'

t BBST

=e L ~"wu : _au aca aua aac EDITED BY MRS. E. C. CRONK, 721 ;fUHLENBURG BLDG., PHILADEI.PHIA, P..

MISSIONARY GUESTS IN OUR many stories that lend themselves to OHUROHES effective monologue presentation.

The people of various nations and Recently a Christian professor from races may be presented to congrega- a college in India came to America. tions, Sunday-schools, missionary so- His experience might be presented to cieties and 0 the r organizations a Sunday-school by a monologue on through a earefully planned Guest this order: Program. ,'All my life I had dreamed of Some churches are located where America. In my own life I had never they may haye gllllsts from various known the worship of idols. My falands. In cities in which there are ther was a Christian minister and my eolleges and universities, the Sunday- grandfather and my mother were school may invite a foreign student or Christians also. Tn my boyhood there a group of students on Sunday. Five came to me an offer of government or ten minutes of the assembly period service. Some of my friends counmay be given to introducing the stu- selled me to accept it. To them it dents and hearing a brief message seemed to hold promise of rapid adfrom them. Care must be taken in vancement to a brilliant future. I observing time limits. Members of counselled with my Master and I the school should be invited to meet heard Him speak to me and the voice the students after the service. Per- of my own soul spoke, that above all mission for a dinner invitation should else for me, was the call to preach the be arranged. Even in communities true ftospel. It was not easy to get whcre there is no college or univer- my education, but I had great joy in sity, representatives of other lands my work and at last my course was may be found in various callings, who finished and I was called to a profeswill be glad to speak for a few mo- sorship in a Christian college. Then ments of the land from which they I married a lovely Christian girl of come, and of their impressions of India. America. "About three months later an op- Monologues portunity came for me to come to America for further study. It was Another plan is to have a series of hard to leave my wife, my home, my short monologues given by members college, my friends, my own land, but of the school or society, in costqme, my wife agreed that such an oppor- one monologue being given at each tunity must not be cast aside. Amer- meeting. The literature headquarters ica .was the land of my dreams. By of the various denominational Boards way of America my Christ had come have monologues printed in leaflet to me. In India only a few among form. Additional material may be the millions were Christians. America prepared by each church for its own was a Christian land. I must study use. The careful study necessary for there. the preparation of a monologue that "With many heartaches but with is really accurate is a valuable factor eager joy in my heart I sailed for in missionary education. There are America. In ecstasy I gazed at the 704

1925'J BEST METHODS

glorious Statue of Liberty as we come to know the America which is neared the shore. My instructions the land of their dreams."

from the American Mission Board On another day the monologue of were to comc to Board Headquarters. a bride of India or a bride of Japan* A furloughed missionary of the Board may be given. From the textbooks met me and proposed that we should on South America and Mexico other first gct our lunch. I longed to talk monologues may be arranged. An with my friend, and looked around orphan of the Near East, a child from eagerly at the hurrying throng on the a Japanese kindergarten, a student streets. In some quiet place we would from Vellore Medical School or from sit down together to eat and to talk. some other Union Christian College He entered a door and I followed. of the Orient may be introduced into " 'Get out of here,' shouted one the series of monologues.

of the waiters at me. 'No "niggers" A missionary guest introduced in can eat here.' this way each Sunday for several "I drew back in astonishment. I months will make possible the effec- did not understand. My companion tive presentation of various phases tried to explain. llnd fields of work.

"'My friend is from India,' he Furloughed Missionaries said. 'He is a professor in a college.'

"The waiter shook his head as he "No missionaries ever come our continued to bar the door. way," complained one superintend- " , We will go elsewhere,' said my ent.

friend qruetly. "There is such a thing as arranging " At another eating place we had a to have missionaries and missionary similar experience, and again at a .leaders sent your way," suggested anthird. Then my friend stopped at other superintendent. "When we bea store and bought bread and fruit gin to make our plans for the year saying, 'We will go back to the Board we write to Board Headquarters and Rooms to lunch.' ask for as many missionary visitors as we can have during the year. Then "There we sat down together and I we trv to make their visit worth while. ate my first meal in America, the land We s~e that they are met and well of my dreams. cared for and give them a good chance to rest. When they speak to , 'I did not understand then. I do our Sunday-school and congregation not understand now, hut the loneli- we line up our people solidly behind ness is passing away. The long days them in their work. Usually there in a rooming housc were hard at first. are a number of large gifts from in- I longed to enter a Christian home, to dividuals as a result of such visits, in meet Christian people. Gradually I addition to a general increase of inhave learned to know a few. After terest and contributions. We are almany months I was invited to be a ways on the lookout for a chance to guest in one Christian home and then have as a guest a missionary, or any in another. I was asked to speak in one who has visited our mission some of the churches and there I found the real America of my dreams, fields. " and the real America .has been kind to me and now I feel at home with Pictures you. As I stand here in answer to In certain Sunday-schools and the invitation of you who are the real churches the plan of having a mis- America, there is in my heart a long- sionary guest for a day or a month is ing that you and I may understand carried out by having a picture frame the feelings of those newcomers who with a hinged back placed in a promarrive day by day, some of whom are inent position. 'rhe committee in not so fortunate as I, for, while they • Literature Headquarters. 723 Muhlenberg Building, Philadelphia, Pa. Price 3 cents each. live in this great land, they never 4

charge place a picture in the frame to send the books on to the next point each Sunday as someone introduces according to instructions. the guest by telling some of the interesting items about his work. Some- Each auxiliary was allowed to keep times different members take part in the books for three months, but as such an introduction, each telling an the number increased the library was incident. The picture may remain divided and sent out in sections. until a new gue~t is welcomed at some later meeting. The hinges on the back The report for the first year shows simplify the matter of changing pic- a total of 446 books read as follows: tures. J'apan on the Upward Trail ………. 20 'rhere are many other plans for The White Queen of Okoyong …….. 28 varying the presentation of guests. The Crusade of Compassion ……… 15 At one meeting a representative of The Alaskan Pathfinder _………… 17 the children's missionary society may Wayside Sowing … , …………. _.. 32 come with a message. At another Ann of Ava .. _…………….. _. .. 22 time a member of the young people's Uganda's White Man of Work…… 12 society may be a special guest at the Woman and the Leaven in Japan _… 13 meeting of some other organization The Moffats ………. _….. _. . . . . .. 25 to tell a missionary story. Bishop Hannington …………….. 13 Blackbearded Barbarian …………. 22 Be on the loo~out for interesting Livingstone the Pathfinder ………. 2,6 possibilities· in missionary guests. A Gentleman in Prison ………….. 2,5 Book of Missionary Heroes ……… 14 CIRCULATING MISSIONARY Missionary Readings ……………. 15 Chinese Diamonds ……………… 15 BOOKS How I Know God Answers Prayer… 31 Ancient Peoples At New Tasks . _… 3 The Library Committee of the World Friendship, Inc. …………. 5 Canada Branch of the Evangelical Frank Higgins, Trail Blazer ……… 7 Church has been especially successful China's Real Revolution …………. 6 not only in getting missionary books A Noble Army _. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 51 into its library but also in getting Love Stories of Great Missionaries…. 29 them out of the library into the homes of its members. One year ago this 446 committee began its work with an appropriation of only $10.00. Individ- Comments received from various ual gifts of interested friends in- churches are an indication of the increased the fund to an amount suffi- terest aroused: cient to purchase twenty-four books_ 'fhe committee was instructed to se- RODNEY: "We would be pleased to get lect missionary books that were more books. They were liked by all who read them. Every ODe spoke of the 'Book 1. Interesting and readable. of Missionary Heroes' as being extra good. 2. Instructive and full of reliable 'Livingstone, the Pathfinder,' also was fine."

information. ELMWOOD: '" Ann of AYa,' and 'Mis- sionary Readings,' are wonderful.' " In each book purchased a pocket was pasted, containing a card on MILVER.TON: '" The Moffats,' 'Blackwhich the name of each reader was bearded Barbarian,' and 'How I Know God to be written. Answers Prayer,' were enjoyed by all who read them." A letter was sent to the borrowing auxiliary as the books were mailed; Er,MIRA: "The ladies seem to like 'The also a copy of the full list of books White Queen of Okoyong' best, and then available and the rules and instruc- , The Alaskan Pathfinder' and ' A Noble tions to be observed. A card for re- Army.' They seem to be just getting interport was included. ested. This was something new for them. When one reads a book she tells others There was no charge for the books, about it and they want to read it too." the only expense to the auxiliary being the amount of postage required After the second reading campaign Elmira reports: "The little book entitled 'How I Know God Answers Prayer' is a wonderful little book. I am sure onr ladies enj oyed reading the books yery much."

CREDITON: "Thank you very much for books loaned to us. I enjoyed them very mueb and read them all, and some twice."

CHESLEY: '" Love Stories of Great Mi.- sionaries,' . Chinese Diamonds' and 'Frank Higgins, Trail Blazer,' were marked with

19251J BEs'r METHODS

this notation, "rhess three books met with Classes and teachers may come for a the greatest favor.' " Sunday to study some particular THE SUNDAY SCHOOL EDITION phase or field of missions in this room One Sunday-school varied its mis- where special helps are available. By sionary program by presenting a spe- fitting up such a room and keeping it cial editiol! of its local newspaper. A up today some earnest worker may frame about 6×8 feet covered with a help to bring a real missionary messheet represented the page of the sage to an entire Sunday-schooL The paper. A boy or a girl stood in place plan is simple, inexpensive, workable. for each column and spoke the news 'l'ry it in your church.

of that column. WHEN YOU STUDY MEXICO On one day the first column told of Many of the churches will be havthe splendid experience of one church ing mission study classes on Mexico in stewardship j the second gave a during the year. You may increase short, pithy paragraph oil the mean- the interest by inviting the children ing of consecration; the third re- of the congregation to a pinata. lated a missionary story j the fourth and fifth represented cartoons in During the Blue Ridge Conference which one being dressed as a boy from of the Missionary Education Move- the coal mines told of his life under ment, the class in Missionary Educa- the earth, while, beside him stood an- tion of Boys and Girls gave a demon- other boy costumed as a protesting stration party to the boys and girls bag of missionary money which was on the conference grounds. Miss to be spent on a non-missionary pro- Norwood E. Wynn, missionary to ject. Mexico from the Methodist Episcopal Headlines may be printed and Church, South, a member of the class, placed above the heads of the col- was in charge. As many paper bags umns, and two frames may be used as there were guests were prepared.

instead of one, thus displaying four The bags were filled with sweetmeats, pages of a newspaper. nuts and fruit, and hung high on a rope above the children's heads. A MISSIONS ROOM FOR EVERY Clustered around them were tissue SUNDAY SCHOOL paper cut-outs and fringes of attrac- By EDWARD H. SMITH, Fooehow, China tive colors and designs. The eager Everyone knows how difficult and guests arrived, full of curiosity to often ineffective is the work of the know what a pinata was. They heard substitute teacher in the Sunday- some interesting stories about the school. boys and girls of Mexico. Then they were blindfolded and given a stick One way of meeting the absentee with which they tried to hit the paper bags. There were many happy shouts teacher situation is to have a Missions of laughter as one guest after the other had a try. Then the rope was Room, fitted up by missionary lead- lowered and as the paper bags were ers, with maps, pictures, charts, curios broken, the goodies flew out in all diand other objects of missionary edu- rections and there was a joyful cation and interest. You will likely scrambling for them. Shouts of be surprised when you begin to make laughter could be heard all over the your collection to find how many conference grounds and many interthings are available. A room made ested spectators gathered to enjoy the attractive by flags and pictures makes fun. Of course they too learned more boys and girls eager to see what is behind it all.

Each Sunday one or more classes about. Mexico incidentally. Such an may have a lesson in the Missions occasion furnishes an opportunity for Room. If a teacher is sick the class telling missionary stories, displaying may come for a number of Sundays. pictures of Mexico and of missionaries

and their work, with many other leaves of green. There was a small features that are educational as well Buddhist temple and a cherry tree as entertaining. In a real Mexican garden with mirror lakes. Cherry pinata the goodies are placed in an trees were made by cutting the earthenware crock which is to be branches of growing trees, stripping broken by the stick but paper bags them of leaves, and pasting paper make a very good substitute. blossoms on the bare branches. At each station pictures of the mission· Invitations for such an affair may aries working there and of various be written or printed on a cut-out de- features of the work were shown. sign of a Mexican sombrero. In addition to the goodies of the pinata AFTER SEVEN YEARS champurada may be served. It is made from ground corn and water, By MRS. JOHN BRATTON flavored with cinnamon and sugar and cocoa. President of Woman's Auxiliary of the Synod of Virginia A JAPANESE TEA PARTY A.bout seven years ago the leaders In past days if girls were in busi- of the Woman's Auxiliary in the ness they were not in the Missionary Presbyterian Church in the United Society. Now hundreds of societies States realized that some of the womhave their Business Women's Divi- en of the chu,rches were interested in sion. The active Business Girls' Cir- one cause and some in another but cle of the' First Christian Church of that only a small number were inter- Chattanooga, Tenn., recently gave a ested in all of the causes and intelli- .Japanese Tea Party which combined gent concerning them. After thought valuable educational features with and prayer and consultation, the delightful social opportunities. Auxiliary Circle Plan was inaugu- rated. It has now been i1~ operation In order that the members may about seven years. come directly to the meetings, supper is always served before the regular Mrs. John Bratton, President of the meetings of this circle. At the time Woman's Auxiliary of the Synod of set for a program on Japan, the usual Virginia, tells so'mething of the plan supper gave place to a special Japa- and the results following its adoption. nese tea. All the members of the circle wore Japanese costumes and wel- There is a common old saying to comed the guests. At an artistically the effect that" The proof of the puddecorated table ,Japanese tea was ding is in the eating." If this is true, served in Japanese cups. as all housekeepers are ready to tes- . tify, practically all of the churches The meeting was held in the large of our denomination have proved that Sunday-school room. At the end of the Auxiliary Circle Plan is the very the room appeared in large yellow best plan of all, for practically all of letters, "The Land of the Rising them have adopted it in their organi- Sun. " The lights were shaded in zation for women. yellow. For weeks in advance the girls made Japanese decorations, In the feminine phraseology of the which transformed the room. cook book it might be stated in this way: Each mission station of the denomination in Japan was represented. A INGREDIENTs.-Every woman and rice field was reproduced in minia- girl in the church. ]<~irst, break up all ture. Green crepe paper, cut and existing organizations into individual fringed, made the growing rice, with bits. To this add every other woman tiny Japanese dolls representing the and girl in the congregation. Mix workers. thoroughly and divide into groups. Use sufficient prayer and Bible study 'fhere were palm trees with trunks to permeate every individual. Season covered with brown crepe paper, and to taste with mission study and the study of the benevolent causes of the

BEST METHODS

church. Sweeten with a sauce of a hile who is willing to use her car for the social meeting now and then. Serve Lord'8 work. at least twice a month, first as a whole and then in groups. Whatever you 5. Someone who is especially interested in do, don't let it get cold. Keep hot nIissionary litel'ature and mission stUdy. with continued interest in order to get the best results. Satisfied users 6. A woman who has a home large enough are the bel;lt advertisement of this to entertain social meetings. recipe. This is literally what we have done and what we are doing in the 7. A woman who has domestic gifts and Auxiliary Circle Plan in the South- who WIll serve as chairnIan of a committee ern Presbyterian Church. for luncheons and social affairs.

THE AIM.-In formulating a plan At first there may not be enough the aim was "A II the women of the women of these types to go around, church studying, working, praying but as leadership develops, women of for all the causes of the church." varying gifts will be discovered.

METHOD OF PROCEDURE.-First: All The annual shifting or changing existing organizations are disbanded. the circle membership is one of the Every woman or girl in the church is best features of the plan, since it preenrolled as a member of the Auxiliary vents cliques, fosters more general by virtue of her church membership. acquaintance, and gives opportunity The second step is the division of a for the development of initiative. the membership into circles. All the circles are made as nearly equal as This change is usually made by possible in spiritual, financial, and committee of the outgoing and incomsocial gifts, and each circle has its own ing officers. chairman. In forming the circles the exceptional members are first selected OFFICERs.-The general officers conand placed in groups to which it is sist of a President, Vice-President, evident they belong-high school girls, Secretary and Treasurer, with the business women, 8hut-in members and secretaries of the benevolent causes others. The remaining names are di- of the church whose duty it is to provided into gronps such as: a. Aetive; mote interest in the causes they repreb. Medium; c. Indifferent. sent.

The names of these workers are MEETINGs.-One day of each week written on slips of paper. Each group is named as Church D~y. On Church being put into a separate basket, the Day of the first week there is an circle chairmen draw from each Executiye Board or Committee meetbasket in turn. This method assures ing. During the second week the full each chairman a circle of average Auxiliary holds a business meeting. a.bility. Usually after the first year The third week each circle holds a the ehairmen of circles give to the meeting of its own and on the fourth president a confidential list of the Church Day of the month the Auxilmembers of their circles with not only iary holds a program meeting and a, b, and c, written opposite the social hour. Many auxiliaries combine names, but if an~' member has shown the auxiliary business and program decided ability along any line a note meetings, since the business, having is made of that fact. We try as far been thoroughly discussed at the as possible to have in each circle thc meeting of the Executive Board, will take only a few minuteI'!. My own following: Auxiliary also changes the order of Church Day, having first, Executive 1. A spiritually minded woman who is a Board, then Circle and then Auxil- Bihle student. iary. In this way matters of great importance are first discussed at the 2. A tither. Board meeting. and then taken by the 3. A liberal giver who has means. chairmen of circles to their circle 4. A ,,"('mall with 3. consecrated automo· meetings, thoroughly discussed there, and finally voted on at the Auxiliary meeting. In this case that fourth Church Day may be used for mission

study, Bible study, some special sew- AllXilia~y member· 1918 1924 ing for the orphans, town nurses, ship . . . . . . . . . White Cross, or other work. 46,788 103,045 Total gifts ….. $433,601 $1,4]2,608 PROGRAMs.-There are always mis- Amount per capita $9 $14 sionary or allied programs at the 21,196 Auxiliary meetings. All the benevo- No tithers …… None reported 2,312 Bible Study lent causes are studied. Special Classes ……. None reported ~mphasis is placed on systematic Bible study and each Auxiliary is expected l"oreign Mission to have at least two mission study classes each year, one on home mis- Study Classes. . 622 2,345 sions and one on foreign missions. 2,274 Home Mission Each circle is a law unto itself in so far as programs are concerned. The Study Classes.. 567 General Auxiliary publishes a sug- Other results are as follows: gestive Year Book of Programs for 1. It is putting responsibility upon both auxiliary and circle meetings. the individual member instead of up- on the general officers. . FINANCEs.-The budget, after hav- 2. It is increasing our sense of ing been adopted by the Aux~liary, stewardship, not only of money, but is apportioned among the CIrcles. of all that we are and possess. Voluntary pledges are made by the 3. It is teaching us, not only the individual members to meet the importance and efficacy of prayer, amount called for. Three special of- but bow to pray. ferings are made during the ~e~r­ 4. It is teaching 11S to do less readthe thank-offering for Home MISSIOns ing and more studying of our Bibles. in November, the self-denial offering 5. It is proving to us the imporfor Foreign Missions in February, tance of being vitally interested in and the birthday offering in May Ollr church and its work, and informed which goes first to one benevolent as to its needs and achievements. cause and then to another. We be- 6. It is deyeloping leadership-exlieve that by educating our members in stewardship and in the needs of ecutive leaders, prayer leaders, Bible the church both their hearts and their and mission study leaders, program purse strings will be opened. leaders.

7. It is showing us that there is a place for every woman in the church in its service; that God is asking of each of us the same question He asked Moses, "What is that in thy hand 1" REsULTs.-The following table of -time, business ability, personality, comparisons give results that show onportunity for intercession, a home, far better than any words what the an automobile-all may be used in plan has done: His service.

THE MISSIONARY'S PLEA Will you not pray for us 1 Each day we need Your prayers, f€lr oft the way is rough and long, And our lips falter and forget their song, As we proclaim the Word men will not heed.

Pray for us! We are but vessels frail; The world's appalling need would crush us down, Save that in vision we behold the crown, Upon His brow who shall at length prevail!

Not yet the crowning! Fields must first be won, Lives freely yielded, martyr blood be spilt, Love east out fear, redemption blot out guilt, Ere we behold the Kingdom of God's Son.

We shall behold it! Lo, His Word stands sure, Our King shalI triumph in a world set free.

With joy His chosen ones His reigtl .shall see! -Authar Unknown.

Pray for UB, friends, that we may still endure!

Woman's Foreign Mission

EDITED BY MISS ELLA D. MAcLAURIN, 25 MADISON AvENUE, NEW YORK CITY "A CHAT WITH HOME BASE tives for supreme sacrifice, by furnish- HISTORY MAKERS" ing carefully outlined and well pre- By MARY LATHROP BISHOP sented programs, by aiding in an intelligent understanding of the mis- To those who attended the memor- sionary task. Our major problem able Washington Foreign Missions would be on the way to solution if we Conference in J"anuary, it will not resolved to recreate the impressions seem strange that we of the Home left upon us by the addresses in Base fellowship meet through the Washington, and to proceed to harmedium of the printed page for an monize plans with the magnitude of informal chat concerning the great our task. issues which we were asked to face at that time-issues so grave and of such Our Task significance that we said one to an- The work of the Home Base is not other, "Nothing can ever efface from limited geographically by any pre· our memories the challenge, nor from scribed area. The organizations in our consciousness the sense of personal each Board exist that the needs of responsibility." the foreign field may be presented to It is always helpful to define and the constituency., Whatever prob.

evaluate aims and to review the facts lems await solution overseas should which have contributed to our selec- be of concern to the Home Base.

tion of objectives. The purpose, as The present year is one of special given in the call of the great Conven- significance to all missionary organi- tion, was to "enlarge the interest and zations. The progress of events af.

deepen the conviction of the Christian fects all Christians everywhere, and people at the Home Base as to their nothing can be alien to our interest.

Foreign Missionary responsibilities Helen Barrett Montgomery writes: and obligations." The question we "The present is a period of need, such ask ourselves is, How fully is this as the world has never known. Every purpose being realized through our ef- support on which man trusted has forts? Are we sharing with our con- broken down, civilization, law, order, stituency the knowledge of the magni- government, education. Unless there tude of the task of women who are is help in Christ, there is no help for seeking to interpret by love a living the world. The whole Gospel is needed Christ to women and children in for- for the whole world, and it must be eign lands through the lives of our given by the whole Church."

ambassadors for Christ 1 After those If space permitted, many startling days of fervent zeal and enthusiasm, facts from all lands might be mar- have we the deep settled conviction shaled, showing the awakening of that the "note of immediacy" has womanhood to new ideals of service.

struck T That a Program of Action is The spirit of nationalism is taking called, for by the very events which possession of India's women as well are daily passing in review? as of her men. In the vicinity of There are certain developments in Bombay and Poona, certain Hindu foreign fields that are affecting our women are working out a scheme of whole problem, and perhaps it may be education for girls starting with the just now the privilege of the Home primary and continuing through Base history-makers to awaken a new three years of college grade. .AB we interest by supplying adequate mo- think of India with only one woman 711

in a hundred literate we must needs create public opinion and to change lift our hearts in prayer and effort deplorable conditions, it is faced with for India. Turkish women are throw- the failure of America to protect its ing aside their veils and looking out children.

upon the world with new eyes. C.h::is- tian. Burmese women are orgamzmg Some Avenues of Service for service. Chinese women are tak- The source of strength at the Home ing leadership in all departments of Base lies in the fact that women, when activity, physical, social, religious, enlisted in a great cause, form a vast medical, economic. Japanese women working unit moving forward with the are receiving recognition in important urging force of a, great enthusiasm. It is woman's way to concrete her positions as leaders. task and to attack her problems with vigor. The Institute for a Christian In that great country which is in Basis of WorId Relations recognized the public mind so prominently to- this characteristic feature in woman's day, Chinese women are recognizing work and made very definite recomthat women are as important as the mendations, in June of 1924, dealing men to the future stability, improved with our specific work as a missionary society, and higher ideals of a nation, group. We do well at this time to and, with fervor, they are entering refresh our minds with the viewpoint into their heritage. A missionary of this conference :-" That all groups writes, "If we are to establish the launch a study along broad, con- Christian Church in China we must structive lines of international relatrain the women." One of China's tions, emphasizing the inherent congreat problems is its untaught chil- nection of missions to these reladren. Of 99,000,000 children of tions" : – " T hat the mISSIOnary school age only 4,218,695 are in groups study the economic factors afschools, and only 125,513 in Christian fecting the Christian basis of world schools. "Not one in a thousand of relations so that they shall clearly China's girls are in school or in Chris- understand the interrelation of ecotian homes." This is God's chal- nomics and missions" :-" That Chrislenge to American women. China is tian women study their general attistepping into the international arena. tudes and policies in relation to these We must give liberally. We must matters, realizing that they need to pray sympathetically. We must help develop right attitudes toward poli- sacrifically.

Chua Labor Child labor is a new problem in tics, to become informed, and to use human affairs, for ancient history has the vote as part of their Christian no such record. In" Milpstones, " service to help make the government which is being published by the Fed- Christian, to insure that those who eration of Women's Boards of Foreign represent them in the government ex- Missions, the Council of Women for press their ideals and spirit."

Home Missions, and the National It is encouraging to note that Wom- Board of the Young Women's Chris- en's Boards have given sympathetic tian Associations, we read: ' , There support to the great movements of is an immediacy about a child welfare. the day, such as the Women's National program that exists with reference to Committee of Law Enforcement, the no other." The following paragraph Cause and Cure of War, the child is of special interest: ' ,We come into labor question and to an intimate close contact with this problem study of the burning vital issues that through our foreign mission work-in are affecting the foreign field in this China, for· example, where the church crucial hour.

is taking a stand for the protection We are trustees of a great task with of children in industry. However, in a wonderful heritage and have an en- the e:ffQrtl$ of the Chinese Church to trusted opportunity. The supreme

WOMAN'S FOREIGN MISSION BULLETIN

motive and compelling force is to en- be;ged by a prince in West China to throne Christ in politics, in commerce, take home to his little son. in industry, in social and civic life, and in p''''sonal, national and inter- lt is hoped that a Chinese edition national rdations. How may we of Mrs. Peabody's" Prayers for Little achieve our objectives? Children" may be undertaken soon after Mrs. MacGillivray's return to Agencies of Progress China, as she says that the prayer life of little children in China has al- There are agencies of the Federation of Women'8 Boards of Foreign most no help even in Christian homes. Missions which are striving to answer The notable achievements of Miss this question, "agencies of progress" dealing with the problem of program Laura White, that well-known pioneer making and presentation and of better in this branch of Christian service, far publicity, with deputation and sum- antedate any enterprise of this Commer conferences. There are local Fed- mittee, yet from time to time the erations and Committees charged with honor of aiding her in her splendid responsibility and there are Cooperat- efforts to enlighten the mothers of ing Committees. From the Cooperat- China through her widely known ing Committee for the Women's magazine Nu Tu Pao, the Woman's Union Christian Colleges in Foreign Messenger, has been in our budget. Fields comes a stirring message written by Miss Florence G. Tyler, Exec- Not long after Happy Childhood utive Secretary. became an accomplished fact, our at- "The great campaign for the Union tention was called to the needs of the Christian Colleges of the Orient has Japanese women and children. Japan, made possible splendid buildings on unlike China, is a literate nation, yet seven new campuses in India, China, the dearth of simple, practical Chrisand .Japan. The lists are full, the tian books and magazines, suited to waiting lists lengthen, opportunities the needs of Japanese mothers and come apace. Graduates are joining- their little ones and available for the the ranks of Christian leaders and poorer classes, is almost unbelievable. the futUre is full of hope. For a number of years the Com- "The women of America can hel p mittee has been aiding the Society for their sisters in the Orient. Budget Christian Literature in Japan in the needs are pressing. You Have Built publication of two monthly magazines, – Will You Maintain?" quite widely used by Christian teachers and colporteurs: Shokoshi The Committee on Christian Literature for women and children reports (Children of Light) issues 10,000 some achievement. Miss Alice M. copies each month, which are used in Kyle, Chairman, explains the objec- mission Sunday-schools and in homes tives in an article soon to appear. of varying degrees of prosperity and Miss Kyle tells us that Havpy Child- "Ai No Hikari" (Light of Love). hood, a monthly magazine for Chinese children, which celebrated its 10th In India has been made our latest birthday in March, has an edition and perhaps most adventurous exwhich now reaches each month abont periment. There are in India over a 10,000 homes, where at least 60,000 million boys and girls of school age. readers, old and young, welcome this Many thousands of these are taught to little visitor. It goes into almost read English. This youngest "enture every province in China. Marshal of the Committee The Treasure Chest, Feng has taken it for his soldiers, was launched in 1922 and met gratifyand a worn and tattered copy was ing success.

Who will pray for the abundant showers of interest and money which shall make this wilderness of poten- tialities and shut-in lives blossom as the rose? EDITED BY FLORENCE E. QUINLAN, 156 FIFTH AVENUE, NJi'W YORK CONFERENCE OF CONFERENCE Women. It was decided to limit the LEADERS discussion to these topics and to the By GILBERT Q. J:..:d30URD, general subject of conference method- ology. Secretary, Committee of Arrangements One evening was spent in group There were one hundred and one present at the conference of confer- discussion in which groups representence leaders held at Asbury Park, N.. J., May 6-11, 1925, the majority iynogunfgor.epiegonp~me 'isssiwoonrsk, , home mreilsisgioionus~ beIng there for the full time. Every- and one who was present for the entire conference felt that it was a meetinO" educatlOn dIscussed the four topics of unusual significance and impOl:: tance. At the closing session it was mentioned above, or such o·f them as voted unanimously to hold a similar conference in the same place next time perInitted. A definite attempt y.ear and at approximately the same time, the same Committee of Ar- was made to find out how these topics rangements being continued with power to make any necessary changes affected the respective groups. This in its membership. The same plan of w?rking through existing agencies was done by discussing concrete cases WIll be followed in promoting the conference as was followed this year. rather than mere theories.

To report the conference is diffi- The following morning the entire cult because it was the sort that needs conference began the discussion of to be attended to be appreciated. The race relations as an example of how meetings were all conducted on the a topic Inight be developed in a condiscussion method under the able leadership of Professor Harrison S. ference. Early in the session one of Elliott of Union Theological Semi- the delegates brought the discussion nary. A questionnaire was sent out to a definite issue by submitting his in advance to determine the general own personal problem. Living in a areas of discussion. The finest spirit New Y?rk suburb ~hich is rapidly was shown through all discussions developmg, he asked lf as a Christian and there was evident everywhere a very earnest desire to find out "how he had any right to join with others OUr conferences may help people to to keep the real estate men from sellfind a more Christian way for the ing to Jews. For the rest of that day and part of the next, the conference world." settled down to hard, thoughtful dis- The first sessions were devoted to cussion of this practical problem. It was not intended to settle the prob- lem, but the discussion brought out the principles involved in clear light and showed possible factors in the situation which might be used to work out a solution.

No attempt was made to discuss the other three major problems as time did not perInit.

finding out just what are the prob- The discussion of summer confer- lems of the present day that are so ence methodology consumed most of important that they must be brought ~he ,remaining time. It was surpris- before summer schools and confer- mg to find how much in common ences. These were boiled down to there ,~as between the various groups four: War and Peace; Standards of which m themselves are very differ- Success and Profit Motives; Race ent. Practically eve r y type of Relations; and. Problems of Men and conference was represented: Chau- 714 tauqua, Y. M. C. A., Y. W. C. A., as typified by Kobe, Japan, where in Missionary, Religious Education, the slums a little band of Christians Young People, Fellowship, etc. strives for better things and has The chief things discussed were the looked to America as a land of Chrisuse of the "discussion method" and tian helpfulness, looked to America the extent to which the delegates as a land of justice and brotherhood, themselves should determine the pro- looked so once but looks so no longer, gram and direct the activities of the and now doubts and cannot underconference. Testimony was given to stand, and wonders if no land is the s u c c e s s of the "discussion really Christian. method" and to a very large cooperation between delegates and leaders in These gates were opened. Shall the determining the conference curricu- King of Glory come in 1 Can He lum and in directing its activities. come in until ChrisCs Church does more than in the past ¥ Can our con- The closing session of the confer- ferences help people to find the truly ence on Sunday night was a never-to- Christian way for the world? Such be-forgotten occasion. A deep sense thoughts as these were in the hearts of spiritual values had been running of each as Dr. Ralph E. Diffendorfer through the entire conference. From closed the conference with prayer. time to time there had been periods of silence in which to seek divine aid. What was accomplished? Not Face to face with some of the most much that can be reported. Much challenging questions of the day, the that will bear fruit in the future. As delegates had felt drawn together in one present has said, "It was not a a common desire to seek added spir- conference for passing resolutions itual power for tasks too great for but for making them." The great mere human strength. Then, too, responsibility of conferences became there had been times for the giving more clear than before. It seemed of thanks for many things. The last clear to most of those present that if hour of the conference was reserved the conferences of the churches are to for a devotional meeting nuder the leadership of Miss Rhoda McCul- continue to be places of real leaderlough. "Lift up your heads, 0 ye ship they must deal with the great gates, and be ye lift up, ye ever- problems of the day which were conlasting doors; and the King of glory sidered at Asbury Park. There was shall come in." This was the theme. frank admission of failure to accom- With the assistance of four of the plish all that needs to be done and a delegates, there were lifted up for the sincere desire to find new methods to group four gates, each giving the increase the efficiency of conference vision of a great field: the vast army procedure. The outstanding conclu- sion reached was that more conferof eager young people, chafing at restraint, yearning for things high ences among conference leaders were and noble and often impatient with absolutely essential; hence the dethe Church, yet willing to serve if cision to meet again next year. given the chance; the Negroes of our land, accomplishing much, yet failing MORMON STATrSTrCS-1924 in many things, living among the whites and yet apart, pressing up, From the Annual Report of the but often unjustly thrust down; the Utah Gospel Mission: women and girls in industry, bound 'round about by a great system, all MORMON ORGANIZATIONS too often un-Christian, handicapped by low wages and long hours, U. R. Total tempted on many hands yet striving for justice, and love, and Christian Alabama …………. 13 3 16 fellowship; the lands across the seas 23 Arizona …………. 23 6 Arkansas ………… 5 1 79 43 California ……….. 46 33 7 Colorado . . . . . . . . . . .. 24 19 o ,Connecticnt …..•…• 3 4 30 Delaware •……….. 0 0 21 Florida . . . . . . . . . . . .. 26 4 Georgia………….. 21

P. R. Total Name-HeadQ'uarters Idaho ………….. . 9 9 1B In United States, MiBaiort- Mem~ Value of Illinois …………. . 18 Property 45 63 Can. and Mexico arie,~ bers $289.114.04 Indiana ………… . 15 4 19 California – Los 23,021..17 66 75 Angeles 125 8.625 110.410.26 Canada-Toronto 71 716 232.818.55 Iowa, …………… . 9 26 40 Central States- 8.712 88.694.57 Kansas …………. . 14 4,689 82,535.76 Kentucky .•………. 30 2 32 Independence .. 158 5,141 64.066.14 5,599 102.385.44 1 12 Eastern States- 23.047 15.'184.12 4.977 Louisiana ……….. . 11 Brooklyn …… 142 2.683 Maine ………….. . 5 12 17 Northern States – Minnesota ……..•.. 3 8 11 Chicago 127 Maryland ……….. . 5 1 6 Northwest'n States -Portland .•.. 99 Massachusetts ……. . 7 9 16 Southern States – Michigan ……….. . 9 96 105 Atlanta •…… 197 M!ssissippi ……… . 13 MU3S0UTl ••••••••••••• 25 2 15 Western States – Montana ….•……. 18 11)5 130 Denver ……. 96 Mexican-EI paso, 9 27 Texa' …….. 76 Nebraska ,..•……… 8 20 28 Totals …….. 1.092 64.189 $1.008.230.35 Nevada ………… . 8 8 In }I~oreig11 Lanil8 New Hampshire ….. . o oo Armenian 2 164 $450.00 5 5.670 78,518.17 New Jersey …..•…. 3 2 British Mission .. 151 1.621 55,284.95 New Mexico ……..• 7 7 Danish Mission .. 24 468 1.242.95 3.189 57,229.02 New York ………. . 12 8 20 French Mission .. 30 1.621 52,774.43 17,823.30 North Carolina …… . 17 17 Netherl'nds Mission 61 485 Norw'g'n Mission. 17 51,497.79 North Dakota ……. . 1 3 4 S. Africa Mission. 18 11.102 53.350.17 Ohio …………… . 10 2,051 46 56 Swiss and German Oklahoma ……….. . 11 22 33 Mission …… . 226 Oregon ………….• 17 9 26 SwedIsh MIssion .. 30 Pennsylvania 15 19 34 Totals in Europe 559 26.371 $368.169.86 Rhode Island ……. . 1 2 3 The Ioland Missions 1.115 $40.911.18 13.083 195,830.00 South Carolina …… . 23 23 Australian Mission 41 Abandoned 164 150.575.66 South Dakota ……. . 2 2 Hawaiian Mission. 6o1 5,184 Japan ……•… 3.402 92.789.24 Tennessee ……….. . 9 1 10 1,721 13.4·03.70 New Zealand ..•. 45 1.051 24,853.52 Texas •………….. 28 8 36 Samoan Mission .. 44 Utah (only R. counted) 3 3 Tahitian Mission 11 Vermont ……… ·· .. 5 Virginia ………… . 18 5 Tongan Mission .. 19 1 19 Totals …… _. 220 26.780 $518.383.30 Washington ……… . 28 IS 46 Joseph Smith birthplace farm, 1 Sharon, Vt. ……………… Washington, D. C. . .. . 1 20.000.00 West Virginia ……. , 11 11 22 Joseph Smith home farm, PaI~ 20.000.00 myra. N. Y. …………•.. Wisconsin ………. . 8 20 28 Wyoming (not Western) 8 1 9 Hawaiian Islands 16 2 18 Total missIons property held .. $1,934.763.51 Canada (not colonies). 16 90 106 635 762 1,370 Program Suggestions GrB,nd total of both, 1,370; (125 more Program on Farm and Cannery than 1923 list). Migrants. Full text of hymns, Scrip- ture passages, prayer and recitation. leU "~Utah Mormonism; "Roo-Rear· Various topics for short talks, referganized or Josephite. ences being giten for developing the program. Two illustrations; 3 cents, And from figures given by Presi- $2.50 per 100. dent Heber J. Grant at the conference in Salt Lake City, April, 1925, Stereopticon Lecture, Farm and as reported by the Deseret News, the Cannery Migrants. Full text accomfollowing: panies 59 pictures. Rental: $2.00 for a meeting, plus transportation one MISSIONS way and cost of replacement of any slides broken. injured or missing. Total missionaries out from home regions, 1,871; of members in these The Kingdom of Love. Pageant on missions, 117,340; property held by Farm and Cannery Migrants by Ruth Mormonism in these missions, $1,934.- Mougey Worrell. Given at Northfield 763.51-nearly two millions of dol- Home Missions Conference, July, lars' there are 24 "missions," with 1924, and' Home Missions Institute, 654 '''branches,'' and figures as fol- Chautauqua, August, 1925.

lows:

FROM .MANY

JAPAN-KOREA support, it is utterly unable as yet to undertake the full responsibility of ATokyo and Santa Barbara self-extension. This is the opinion of N incident which occurred in ~v. W. H. M. Walton, who, writing Tokyo on JUly lst received but m . the Church Missionary Gleaner, ?are mention in the cable news, yet it pomts out three great groups in IS of very great significance says The Japan among whom evangelistic work Christian Advocate, "in its bearing IS greatly needed. First, is the alupon international relations and upon the whole question of world peace. most unreached rural population. July ls~ was the first anniversary of Again, in the city of Tokyo today the. Umted States immigration act whteh so outraged the national pride there are more students of higher of the Japanese by its discrimination grade than in the whole of the British against persons of their race. 'rhose Isles. They come from all over the a~it~tors who find their advantage in Empire and indeed the Far East. stlrrmg up hatred of America planned Take the four largest universities with to. hold public meetings in Tokyo on a student popUlation of 33000· with thIS ,unhappy anniversary, at which the exception of one definitely'ChrispaSsIOnate oratory should do its utmost to keep the old sore open and in- tian hostel, a few Bible classes and flamed. But something happened. a C. 11. S. Chinese Student Mission On the eve of the anniversary the without a missionary, nothing is being American dispatches brought the done to win these future leaders of news of the earthquake at Santa Bar- Japan for Jesus Christ. The third bara. The hearts of the Japanese group is the 46,000 men, women and were touched with sympathy for those children whom modern industrialism who were suffering from a disaster has brought into the factories which similar to that which devastated exist today. Tokyo and Yokohoma two years ago. One of the announced 'humiliation' Won Through Children meetings was called off because of popular sympathy with the earth- MEETINGS for mothers accomquake sufferers, and the others were pany the kindergarten which scantily attended and devoid of en- American Methodist women are conthusiasm. Too many people in Tokyo remembered the promptness with ducting in Hakodate, northern Japan. which America opened its heart when that city was in ashes and ruins. Miss Goodwin writes: "The mothers When America acts like a Christian toward a non-Christian nation she seem to be enjoying their meeting:> discovers that the Golden Rule is no dead letter." very much, and we have had splendid attendance. One of the women has begun to go to church since the meet- ings started. She is nWoteamCahyrnisotitabn~ but is eager to learn.

able to do as much real, definite evan- gelistic work among the mothers as we long to do, but we can act as the connecting link with the church. The Unreached Groups in Japan children are taught to pray in the , . kindergarten and many of them pray at home, some also asking a blessing THOU.GH the .Church III Japan to- before each meal. The prayers of the children will help in the evangelizad~y IS. practIcally. self-governing, and IS rapIdly advancmg towards self- 717

tion of the homes." Among the moth- attendance of 30 and there were also ers of the children in the main kinder- six night schools with an average at- garten Miss Goodwin has started a tendance of 27. He says: Bible study class. One woman has become a Christian and she has "It is evident that this rapid influx of brought in others. Koreans, and its wide distribution through. out all parts of Japan, create a missionary Children's Views on Religion situation which calls for something much mOre radical and extensive than the churches ASUNDAY-SCHOOL worker asked in Japan and Korea have yet realized." some questions about religion in the class rooms of the secondary Korean Out-Station Clinic!! schools in Osaka, now the fifth large~t city in the world. Some 9,064 boys D R. NORMAN FOUND, a Methodand, girls were questioned. It was ist medical missionary in Konglearned that the parents of 7,973 were ju, Korea, is planning to organize a Buddhists, 387 Shintoists, and 329 number of clinics at out-points beyond were Christian. The number that the city in which he has his headthought there was a supreme being quarters. There are six main roads were 6,694, but some 1,276 misguided leading into Kongju. The plan is to ones said that. there is no God. select a village with a church about About 1,044 were in doubt and did not five or ten miles out along each road answer. Again 7,522 felt that there and hold there clinics on regular was some need for religion. When schedules, so that the people of the asked as to their preference 3,157 countryside may depend upon the wanted to be Buddhists and 1,513 place to be served on a regular date like Christianity. The others were in by either Dr. Found or his Korean doubt. The Bible had been read some- assistant. This is an experiment in what by 1,371. medical out-stations which has prob- ably not been tried on any other mis- Koreans in Jap8.Jl sion field.

E IGHTEEN years ago when the In a recent itinerating trip of about Y. M. C. A. sent a secretary to two hundred miles in this territory, work among the Korean students in Dr. Found discovered many small Tokyo there were only a few hundred villages where his services were very Koreans in Japan; at present there welcome. Going from village to vilare about 150,00,0. Regularly organ- lage he performed many minor and ized church work was not begun until major operations, most of them hav- 1912 when the Methodist and Presby- ing to be done in the street, because terian Councils united in sending a there was no clinic to which the pastor to the Christian students in patient might be taken. He carried Tokyo. In 1918 the pastor reported along with him two large boxes of that the Korean congregation was the medicine and they were practically third largest in the city. In 1921 the empty when he returned to Kongju. direction of the work for Korean students in Tokyo was transferred to the A MissioJ1ary Educator Federal Council and its field extended to include all Koreans in Japan. R. TWENTY years ago a Korean coun- A. Hardie, who, at the request of the try preacher asked John Z. Moore, Council, has made a survey of the missionary, for $1.50 a month to pay situation, reports that under the care for sending his boy away to boarding of Pastor Pak, a Korean, there were school. But after thinking it over he 12 groups, having a total enrollment changed his mind and asked that the of 333 adults, of whom 62 were bap- money be used for a school in the viltized. Six of the groups had Sunday- lage, for his son and other lads. The schools for children with an average school was opened with five pupils and one teacher on wages of $2.50 monthly. Now that school has grown

NEWS FROM: MANY LANDS t19

to 160, with three or four buildings of the benefits the Samoans have derived and a kindergarten of seventy pupils. from their teachers-the missionaries from The boy for whom the school was England. started is now at the capital, himself a teacher in the famous Pai Chai High Indians in Fiji School. In Pyeng Yang, the large city of the north, there is a Methodist LARGE numbers of the Indian high school, with a Korean principal colonists in the Fiji Islands sufwho was graduated at Ohio Wesleyan fered greatly under an indenture and Columbia, and linked with it are system which has now been done awav lower schools with 4,000 pupils. Not with. Rev. A. W. McMillan, who was long ago on a Japanese national holi- for seventeen years a missionary in day the Governor General, Baron India, and is now representing the Saito, formally presented Mr. Moore New Zealand Y. M. C. A. in work for with a silver vase bearing the Em- these Indians, says: "Since the abolipel'or's crest, and an illuminated tion of indenture, the people have scroll, setting forth the reason for scattered far and wide as independent awarding the imperial honor, namely, settlers. The Rockefeller Foundation "For having rendered distinguished has recently treated scores of thouservice in educational work for many sands of hookworm cases free of years." Mr. Moore has met the finan- charge, producing a marked improvecial cut in the work of the schools ment in the health and the spirits of ordered by the Methodist Foreign the community_ In many ways things Board by pledging from his own sal- are changing for the better. There is, aryan amount for the schools equal however, only one government prito four fifths of the amount given by mary schooL The missions (especially the mission for this purpose last year. the Methodists) are doing good pio- neer work, and the people themselves ISLANDS OF THE SEA are making brave efforts to run 'panchayati' or committee-managed Tribute to Samoan Missions schools, some of which receive a grant- in-aid from Government. Hakim Din. THE following letter was recently a well-educated Christian Indian, who received at the office of the London has been headmaster of a large high Missionary Society from Major-Gen- school in Sialkot, in the Punjab, and eral G. 8. Richardson, Administrator his wife, have now gone to take charge of Western Samoa: of the school carried on by Austrailian Methodists at Lautoka, and another I would like to pay a tribute to the Indian, a graduate of the Allahabad great work that has been done in Samoa Agricultural Institute, is doing good by the L. M. IS. I see evidence everywhere work in agricultural training. of the influence of your early missionaries who have left a permanent mark on the NORTH AMERICA character of the Samoan people, who are today a God·fearing, law·abiding and lov- Radio and Family Prayers able people. The administration of these islands is facilitated by the past efforts of A NEW invention is helping to rethese missionaaries who sacrificed themselves vive an old custom. "The Mornto bring out the conditions which now exist ing Watch," a service broadcast daily in this Territory. I cannot pay too high a by the Boston Y. M. C. A., has been tribute to the far-sighted policy of the attracting increasing interest. Promipioneer missionaries. Their wisdom and nent ministers lead the services for organizing ability is seen today in the the thousands who listen in. Through Samoans gradually learning to control their letters from professional and business own affairs, with a desire to live as Samoans, people, farmers, shut-ins, and from and not aspire to become Europeans in their old and young, it has been discovered outlook, habits and customs, but to work that a great many New 'Englanders out their own destiny under conditions best welcome this reversion to the habits suited to their individuality_ Their desire and efforts to spread the Gospel to other islands in the Pacific is proof of their Christianity having become a real thing in their lives, and a remarkably convincing evidence

of their forefathers. One letter reads: MacMillan and the Moravians "The Morning Watch is inspiring to all of my family. I now feel that my I N THE radio messages announcing day is started correctly, and my the safe arrival of the MacMillan optimism is maintained at one hun- Arctic Expedition at Hopedale on the dred per cent." coast of Labrador Commander Mac- Millan paid the following tribute to Christian Endeavor Convention the Moravian missionaries there: "Had it not been for the Moravians, DENOlIINATIONAL leaders out- whose service with utterly inadequate lined plans at the Thirtieth In- funds is little short of marvelous, ternational Christian Endeavor Con- there would not be an Eskimo alive vention in session at Portland, Ore- on the Labrador Coast today. Our gon, July 4th to lOth, for a closer cor- men attended service here in a spotrelation of the Christian Endeavor less little church with sand on the program of service and the general fioor, women in combination of native plans of the denominational leaders. and foreign costume on the right and Conferences held at the convention men with their best red tapes tying in marked a decided advance in the co- the tops of their sealskin boots on the operative programs, according to re- left. One Eskimo word makes a line ports. Christian Endeavor topics of an ordinary hymn. Congregational have been arranged so as to dovetail singing by Eskimos is the chief feainto the programs of Bible Study, Mis- ture of the service. W. W. Perret. in sionary Education, Stewardship and charge of the mission has done im- Evangelism of denominational groups. portant work in botany, climatology The theme of the convention was and ornithology, and is of the utmost "Fidelity to Christian Endeavor assistance to Koelz, of our party." Principles. " Emphasis was placed upon the evangelistic, community and A Papal Mission Board missionary activities of churches and the part played in these programs by THB Roman Catholic Church in the the Christian Endeavor Society. The United States is organizing an event of greatest interest was the re- American Board of Catholic Missions. tirement from active service of Dr. The plan, authorized by the hier- Francis E. Clark, who forty-four archy, is a final step in putting Cathyears ago established the Christian olic affairs upon a sound administra- Endeavor Society at Portland, Maine. tive and business basis. Two or three Dr. Daniel A. Poling, co-minister of years ago a welfare conference was the Marble Collegiate Church, New formed, and later national councils of York, was elected President of the Catholic men, and the same of women. United Society. Dr. Clark was elected 'l'be new board will bring under one President Emeritus. In honor of his head the missionary efforts, together long service on a non-salaried basis, with the great federations of volunthe trustees have arranged to estab- teer organizations. In the main, the lish what is called the Dr. Francis E. Catholic system now is like those of Clark Recognition Fund of $100,000, other great religious bodies, even to whose income will be devoted to the the employment in some cases of idensupport of Dr. and Mrs. Clark so long tical names. Some years ago a Cathas both shall live. After they have olic extension society was founded in been called to higher service the fund Chicago. Its success has been marked, will be known as the Francis E. Clark and it is to be employed as the organi- Memorial Fund, the income of which zation through which the new board will then be devoted to the extension is to function. Following the Chicago of Christian Endeavor work through- venture came one for foreign missions, out the whole world. fostered largely from New York. That work also has grown rapidly. Part of the new work to be entered upon, it

j925] NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

is said, is in behalf of the thousands educational, civic, and welfare of Mexicans who come into the United agencies has been organized and un· Htates.-Missionary Herald. del' this body county committees have been established in sixty-three of the New York City Japanese counties of Kentucky. From the first I ~TEREST is being shown by the the Commission focused its attention Presbyterian and Reformed upon education as one of the strategic Churches in the 4,000 Japanese who points and the results of this work are in New York every year, many of have been gratifying. Through the them remaining for a long term as efforts of the Commission it is becomresidents or for study. It is estimated ing more common in Kentucky to call that at least 3,000 travelers from the Negro citizens to render service on sunrise kingdom pass through the city juries. Getting his cue from a State annually. Most of these are young interracial conference where this mat· men, very few being married, and of tel' was emphasized, a Negro lawyer the latter class 131 have families. demanded and obtained for his clieut 'fhat these people may be rightly in- a trial by a jury composed entirely of fluenced and have upon them the im- the Negro race. What the reaction press of Christian institutions it is of the lawyer was when the jury con~ proposed says The Continent, to form a center where they may come in con- victed his client in less than five tact with the people of the churches minutes and sentenced him to the who are concerned for their moral penitentiary for a term of three years may be easily imagined.

and spiritual uplift. To this end in 1909 a Japanese Christian Association ABlerican Conference on Airiea was formed, which carried on an in- T HE Africa Committee of the Comstitutional work for both men and mittee of Reference and Counsel women and was interdenominational has called an open conference on in character. Three years later a Africa to be held in the Kennedy School of Missions, Hartford, Ct., building on West 123d Street was October 30th to November 1st. Some leased. Now this work has so en- of the subjects to be considered at larged that it is contemplated taking this conference, which will be atover a larger building which, with its tended largely by representatives of equipment, will cost at least $200,000. mission boards having work on that A large number of persons have al- continent, will be "Present Situation ready enlisted to make possible this in Africa," "Educational Objectives new enterprise. The present Japa- in Africa," "The Education of Womnese membership is 200. This, it will en and Girls, " "Cooperation for be noted, is an institutional church, Africa and Africans," as well as and is not related to the Y. M. C. A., problems in hygiene and public the Y. W. C. A., or the Japanese Stu- health, languages and literature, and dent Christian Association, which has in the reaching of the people in large a national membership.

Interracial Work in Kentucky cities and mining centers of Africa.

Plans will also be made looking to- I NTERRACIAL work in Kentucky ward the "World Conference on was started under the auspices of Africa," to be held during 1926. the State Y. M. C. A. some five years Among the missionary and educa- ago with the avowed purpose of "cul- tional leaders who will address the tivating better relations between the conference are: Dr. Thomas Jesse races and improving the condition of Jones, educational director of the the Negro along lines agreed upon by Phelps-Stokes Fund, Dr. Homer L.

the Interracial Commission." Since Shantz, of the United States Depart- that time a strong State Interracial ment of Agriculture, Dr. J. H. Dil- Commission representing religious, lard, president of the Jeanes and 5

Slater Funds, Prof. Dr. Westermann, ket, but the bearer of glad tidings is of the University of Berlin, Rev. also there with his healing message."

Thomas S. Donohugh, associate secre- tary of the Methodist Episcopal Al….kan Gifts in Time of Need D Church, and Mr. J. H. Oldham, of R. GRAFTON BURKE, Protes- tant Episcopal missionary at London.

Among Philadelphia Jews Fort Yukon, Alaska, writing weeks afterward of the fire which destroyed ry1HE open-air meetings conducted in the mission house and left fourteen 1. Philadelphia during the summer persons homeless, says: and fall by the Jewish Evangelization But for a most generous and gratify- Society have been espeeially suecess- ing response by the people here and at ful, in the opinion of the Director. Circle and Beaver we should have been in Another test is the enmity they have a bad way. Johnny Fredson's father, old aroused. A Jewish newspaper in the Fred, whb tears in his eyes came early in city urges the opening of more re- the morning after the fire with a pair of moccasins for me and $5 for Mrs. Burke.

ligious schools and centers to offset He had been saving it for a long while, and nothing would go at all but that we "the unfair and offensive propaganda take it. Then Captain McCann and the of the missionaries." This item in steward, Mr. McIlvane, on the last boat The Bulletin, the quarterly of the So- out, left generously of their food supplies ciety reveals the fact that the work and blankets. You should have seen the Indians bringing moccasins to church the of the witnesses for Christ among the following Sunday. A clothes basket full Jews of that city is telling to some was given. Pillows they made from the extent on the Jews. That the methods feathers of Alaska geese, the pillows in- are "unfair" is merely the false itialed in red tbread. Our natives gave Mrs. Burke a piece of brilliant purple velvet for judgment of Jews who hate the Gos- a dress. And I now have several caps and pel. This is the cry whenever Chris- toques. An Indian woman meeting Grafton tians attempt to instruct Jews in the (age,1 sevell) recently said, "1 am making Gospel of Christ. " The offense of the you a parka." To which the little fellow jauntily replied, "All right. I have four cross," has not ceased. already, but you make it and I'll sell it for grub J "

AlIlong the Papago Indians SOUTHERN ARIZONA forms the LATIN AMERICA tribal headquarters of these In- The Mexican Separatists T dians, among whom the Presbyterian HE so-called "llexican Catholic Apostolic Church," which, aban- Board of National Missions is finding a fruitful field. In the seventeenth doning the authority of Rome and the century Spanish missionaries visited celibacy of the clergy, calls for re- and baptized them, and then departed, ligious services in Spanish, was re- leaving their crosses, beads and amu- ferred to in the June REVIEW. Dis- lets, with a pagan people. In 1903, turbances in various centers have been the Presbyterian Papago Mission was reported. The Roman Catholies at opened in an Indian camp adjacent to once organized a "National I,eague Tucson. Many of those Indians have for the Defense of Religion." The more permanent residence on the schismatics took eharge of their first desert south and west of that city. church by force in the city of Mexico, There are some fifty villages on the and there was blood shed in the aet of desert. The missionary has to travel doing it. The Roman Catholics say hundreds of miles in his ministry to they are ready to defend everyone of these people. Five ehurehes have their ehurch buildings by foree, and been established, one in the village of by the shedding of blood if it is neees- Tueson, and four on the desert. " The sary. The Government took the bootlegger, the gambler, the leader of church building away from both sides vice," says The Presbyterian, "is and is going to convert it into il pushing his wares in the desert mar- museum of fine arts, but it gave two

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

churches to the schismatics which it in jail, with nothing to eat. "Give up had taken from the Roman Catholics the Gospel or starve," was the ultisome years ago. The latest report is matum offered by the priest and other that the Romanists have adopted a persecutors. ' ,We will starve then," new attitude, and are planning an replied the Indians. The superinteneducational campaign among their dent of the mission, on hearing of the people in which the Catholic Bible arrest of these converts, followed on and Catechism are to have wide and after them, taking, food with him; free distribution. Nothing, according and this food which he brought them to Rev. P. R. Zavaleta, a Presbyterian was the first that they had eaten in minister, will delight Perez, the leader five days. By going from one official of the schismatics more, for he well to another, he succeeded in securing knows that the Roman Catholic policy their release. These Indians erected will not bear a measurement by Bibli- themselves an adobe church building, cal standards, and that the Mexican capable of seating 1,000 persons. populace enlightened by the Word, will pronounce against it. Political Enndty in Brazil Women in Cuban Church W R. SCHISLER, educational mis- • sionary of the M. 1<J. Church, THE Protestant Episcopal Convoca- South, in Uruguayana, Brazil, after tion of the District of Cuba, meet- writing of the practical difficulties ing in Havana in June, voted with which the recent revolutionary dispractically no opposition, to admit turbances in Brazil placed in the way women as delegates to the meetings of of the school work, continues: "The Convocation, and to permit them to enmity in these political disputes enbecome members of parish vestries ters everything. Even Church affiliaand mission committees. This step tions take a secondary place. Political has been proposed several times be- opponents are usually bitter personal fore, but has always been defeated, enemies. A family will not have a and is rather significant in view of doctor unless he is 'of the same politithe Latin-American background. As cal party. Even in commerce the lines yet woman suffrage has gained no are very tightly drawn. Almost all foothold whatever in Cuba. relations are determined by political beliefs. Naturally during these revo- Indian Converts Loyal lutions all this is much worse. The great loss in lives in this strife results REV. W. F. JORDAN writes of the not so much from actual combat on way in which the Indian peons the battlefield as from individual disin Bolivia have received the Scrip- putes among neighbors. We missiontures and built a church under the aries and most of the native pastors auspices of the Canadian Baptist Mis- keep ourselves entirely out of all these sion. They have also been persecuted disputes. In this way we are prepared for their faith. A group of men- to help either side whenever we can. landowners and others-entered a But how difficult it is to reach people town and severely beat the men who with the Christian message when their had invited the mission to Collana. hearts are full of hatred for their They then took four of the Indian neighbors. Practically all the men go converts to the town of Calamarca, armed with long knives or revolvers where they put them in jail, with and many times both. They seem alnothing to eat. The following day ways to be in fear of their enemies. the helpless Indians were started on 0, how this country needs the Christ! foot, in charge of some soldiers, to ~he It is only as they learn of Him in town of Sicasica, seventy-five mIles spirit and in truth that they will be away. They were given no food en led out of these conditions." route, and on arrival they were put

EUROPE tendom is to be the work of the near Britioh Boxer Indemnity future. The recent conference at WHEN the bill was before Parlia- Malines is of particular interest. The ment providing for the remission representatives of the English Estabto China of the balance of the British Boxer indemnity, amounting to over lished Church and of the Oatholic £11,000,000, to be spread over twenty- Church decided not to issue any statethree years, all the leading British ment until the official joint declaramissionary societies which have work tion shall be issued. Meanwhile, howin China passed resolutions stating ever, there is an optimistic ring to the remarks made by Cardinal Mercier."

their definite intention not to make THE application for any share of the re- Protestants in France mitted portion of the fund, which may American MeAll Association, be applied to educational purposes. appealing for further support of They also state that even if grants are its work, says: "The question of the offered them they will not accept them ability of the French Protestant except with the full approval of the Church to support the Mission Popu- Chinese. laire is frequently raised. There are Dr. Henry T. Hodgkin, one of the still too few people who realize the secretaries of the National Christian proportion of France's population or Council of China, has stated with 39,000,000 even nominally connected great clearness the principles which with any church. A recent authority should be borne in mind in the dis- gives the following figures: lWman posal of these large funds. He urges Catholics in good standing, 7,000,000; that absolutely everything depends Protestants, 500,000; unchurched, upon the way in which the money is 31,000,000. 'We are,' writes M. Con- used, and that not only will no good nier, 'a very small minority almost be done but positive harm will be done swamped by the great mass of the if any ground is given to the Chinese people, scattered all over the country, for thinking that the money is to be which makes both organization and used to further British interests in the gathering of statistics very diffi- China. cult. In France there are approxi- . mately 1,200 churches or mission cen- Church of England and Rome ters belonging to different church THAT the promoters of the meeting unions, sects and! home mission so- "to reaffirm the principles of cieties, where 900 pastors are at work Protestantism, " which was held in (nearly 100 churches are without pas- London March 31st and described in tors). In the Alsace-Lorraine, 190 the June RiE;,VIEW, had good reasons pastors have charge of 256 churches.' There is no question of the consecrafor their action is evident from the tion and generosity of the noble little following quotation from The Com- band of Protestant churches, which monweal, a Romanist paper in Amer- supports a missionary on the field for ica: "Recent books issued by the So- every twelve pastors at home and ciety for the Promotion of Christian Knowledge (English) do homage to gives 16 1/8 per cent of all money the Virgin Mary in a way that would raised to missions, in contrast to the gratify Saint Bernard; and historical 8 1/3 per cent given to foreign mislearning, as it is carried on at Cam- sions in this country."

bridge and elsewhere, has so thoroughly altered views of the religioU'> Religions Future of Poland A revolution that the old-time animus POL,rSH author, K. W. Stezelec, writes in the Watchman-Examhas practically disappeared. These are all encouraging signs-even if iner of conditions in his native land: they do not, as yet, warrant the be- "Poland has many native radicals lief that a vast re-cementing of Chris- who are fighting for a division be-

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

tween the church and state, and more Russian Church Dilemma than one third of the population belongs to various non-Roman Catholic I N THE death of Patriarch Tikhon religions. When these forces unite in the already split and disunited politics against the Roman Catholic Russian Church is confronted with a national party a revision of the con- new and very serious crisis, in the stitution will occur, and most of the opinion of most Russian editors comarticles which deal with religion will menting on the new situation. Stanbe cancelled. The American friends ley High, also writing in The Chrisof Poland believe, according to the tian Register, says: evidence, that the Radicals will conquer, organize a strong government The "Living Church" leaders-Grasnitwhich will be able to give instructions sky, Vidnesky, and others-may be expected to the Roman Catholie Chureh as to to reassert themselves to gain control of the what publie morality, liberty of con- machinery of the Church. The Soviets, if science, and freedom of religion are. they believe such control would split the Everybody who knows Poland and its people will witness that the Polish Orthodox Church, win probably support farmer, just as the worker in the city, would cheerfully submit to the will of these leaders. But it is significant that the the Government against the will of the people of Russia-vast numbers of them- Roman Catholic Church in helping to have no less a loyalty to the (;nurch than assert the right of the civil authorities before the revolution. Persecution, ap· to maintain religious freedom. A parently, has served to make the religious fundamental law, whieh the church people even more religious. Their support eould not twist in favor of persecu- will not be forthcoming for a new set of tion, as the present religious para- leaders unless those leaders have at heart graphs of the constitution can be t.he real interests of the Church in Russia. twisted, is needed." And the Church, in Russia today, is keeping religion alive until that time when a less violent government will make it possible for the religious forces of the West to extend help to the Russian people.

AFRICA Africa's New Peril Greek Church Backs Y. H. C. A. SECRETARY LERRIGO of the American Baptist Foreign Mis- THE National Young Men's Chris- sion Society uses these words in an tian Association of Greece was or- article in Missions to describe present ganized early this summer when commercial conditions. He says: prominent citizens from Athens and "The world has discovered Africa and other cities met American Y. M. C. A. its riches. Foreign peoples of all naleaders at Kifissia and formulated the tionalities are entering in great numbasis of the movement. A former bers to exploit the new continent. mayor of Saloniki, leading merchants, The British Colonial Under-Secretary, bankers, ship operators, ex-royalists Major Ormsby-Gore, states that two and Venezelist ministers were among years ago Uganda produced ninety the delegates. The Metropolitan of bales of cotton, last year 137, and this Athens, titular head of the Greek Na- year the production will be 200,000. tional Church, who was present with Radium-bearing ore has been found his vicar, referred to the Y. M. C. A. by Belgium, the diamond and copper as an organization which, "through mines are being rapidly developed, its regular program, disseminates a while in certain colonies of West practical Christianity without empha- Africa exports are increasing at the sis on dogma or creed." He said that rate of sixty per cent a year. The the official church welcomes the Asso- work of our missionaries has been ciation and considers it a valuable made doubly, nay trebly, difficult by ally, because its spirit is the spirit of these new contracts with the outside Christ and it offers a practical means world. But the importance of tlteir of saving the nation's youth. work is emphasized by the urgency of the situation which is being created.

A race is taking place between the to a report made by Mrs. R. B. Kipp, godless forces of commercialism and missionary of the Methodist Episcopal industrialism now exploiting the land Church in that district, to the Board with such startling rapidity, and the of Foreign Missions. These African spiritual efforts of the representatives Christians have raised money to send of the churches of Christ who are try- one of their own pastors to a distant ing to capture the hearts, lives, vil- outpost in Angola. "People are comlages, social systems and tribal organ- ing to us from long distances asking ization of these primitive peoples for for teachers and pastors," says Mrs. God ere they go down into the pit of Kipp. "This last week two men destruction before tlJe invading ava- came forty miles with the news that rice-led hosts. " 130 of their fellows had given up their idols and want someone there to "Food for Souls" teach th"m. They say that if the present location of their village does r'f'HE book depots conducted by the not suit the missionaries, they will .l Egypt General Mission bear thes() indicate another to which they will move. At another point where there words on their signboards, and many is a cluster of small native villages questions have been asked as to the which have hitherto been considereci meaning of the phrase. The depot in heathen, twenty-one men have prom- Alexandria is located in the heart of ised to begin building at once a house an exclusively Moslem quarter. Dur- for clJapel and school, if we will send ing the last· few months, from this a teacher. The women and children center every shopping street in Alex- want to help also. At Quessua, after andria has been in process of being several days of prayer and preaching visited, and many hundreds of books, and instruction, one hundred persons mostly Genesis and gospels, have been were added to the roll of preparatory sold to Moslems. Douglas Porter, who membership in the Methodist Episcois in charge, writes of the daily vis- pal Church and twenty-seven were reitors to the depot, and continues: ceived into full membership re- "On Wednesday evenings we have a cently. " lecture, attended by numbers varying from fifteeJ;l to thirty, sometimes using Rift' Christian Converts the magic lantern, which is very popular. Occasionally the lecture is in THE military difficulties which both English interpreted, when we have France and Spain have recently had the very welcome help of Chris- been having in the Riff region of tian friends in Alexandria who have Morocco give special interest to the become interested in the students. report by Rev. Edwin F. Frease, mis- After the lecture, questions are asked sionary of the Methodist Episcopal which sometimes would puzzle a theo- Church in Algiers, of the annual meetlogical professor. Admission is by ing of the North Africa Conference ticket. This is really only a notice of held at Fort National, one hundred meeting, but it helps to make an im- miles east of Algiers City. Among the pression. Moreover, every boy is cases of conversion reported at the there not attending a public meeting, conference he mentions a stalwart, but by invitation. These students tall, Kabyle mountaineer, his wife and are really the key to Egypt's political only child, and two upstanding young problem. " men, who are very different now from their Riff kinsmen in Morocco still in African Home Mi••ions mediawal Moslem savagery. "'Of the same sturdy stock, but this time in AHOME MISSIONARY SOCIE- Algiers, were baptized five of the TY, to be known as the "Society older girls of the Kabyle Girls Home, to Aid in Evangelization," has been nine of the older boys from the AIorganized by the African Christians in Quessua, Angola, Africa, according

NEWS FROM MANY LtANDS

giers Boys' Home. All were baptized "Within the last few veal'S Turkish at their own request, after elear evi- students who received their education dence of conversion and careful teach- at Robert College have become ining. Could you but see the contrast fluential, " she said. "Before the between these girls and boys and their Young Turk Revolution of 1908 Abless fortunate brothers and sisters in dnl Hamid refused to allow Turks to the mountain villages!" study at the American colleges, but since then we have had Turkish stu- O;{ A.hanti Missionary Meeting dents and the oldest of them are now March 11th a gathcring was in a position to advance our educa- IJeld in Kumasi, the famous West tional ideals in Turkey. There is now African city, which may well mark an a Turkish university ,'vhich is training epoch in the history of Christian both men and women, while Robert .Missions there. It was but an old- College and the Constantinople Colfashioned missionary meeting, famil- lege for Women have a far larger iar to American Christians, but a proportion of Tnrks in their student nove':ty to the audience which filled bodies than ever before. " the spacious new church for this publice meeting on a week-day at which Aid for Assyrian Church the ideals of missionary enterprise were set forth by their own leaders. TWO representatives of the ProteR- With one exception all the speakerR tant Episcopal Church have gone were natives including NanaPrempeh, to Mosul, about two hundred miles ex-King of Ashanti, recently returned north of Baghdad, to render aid to from exile. Very modestly, yct with the Assyrian (Nestorian) Church, at real dignity, did he preside over the the earnest request of the authorities enthusiastic assembly, taking a keen of that Church. They are the Rev. interest in all that was said and done. John B. Panfil, who goes to direct edu- A Canadian missionary writes: cational work among Assyrian clergy, and }lr. Enoch R. Applegate, who is The more one comes into contact with to develop and supervise secular eduthe Ashanti people the more one is im· cation, and in other ways assist the pressed with the potentialities latent in them people and strenghten and restore the as a race. In spite of all that has been work of this very ancient Church. achieved they are not yet fnlly aronsed. During the World War the Assyrians There are signs of a great spiritnal awaken· took part with the allies, against the ing near at hand, at which those who live Turks. Since then they have been to see it will have reason to marvel. driven out of their mountain homes by boundary disputes between Turks, THE NEAR EAST French, and English. Since 1913 they have decreased from 200,000 to 50,000. Turks in ADlerican Schools "Unsettled conditions and oppres- sion," says The Living Ch1tr~h, "have MRS. GEORGE HUNTINGTON, interfered with education, and have oj' wife of the Vice President of course interrupted the preparation of Robert College and daughter of Cleve- men for Holy Orders. The leaders land Dodge, who returned from Con- of the people recognize the need. The stantinople in July, was quoted in the office of Patriarch, which is heredi- New York Times as saying that the tary, is now held by a lad of seventeen, educational situation in "Turkey is who is being educated in Canternow better than it ever has been as a bury." result of the willingness of the Mustapha Kemal Government to cooperate Arabia After Twenty Years with the American colleges. For the first time influential Turks are now MRS. E. E. OLOOTrr, treasurer of sending their sons and daughters to the American Christian Litera- American institutions and are en- ture Society for Moslems, has recently deavoring to develop Turkish schools and colleges on American models.

visited the missions in Arabia of the E. Dewey, Methodist Episcopal mis- Reformed Church in America. She sionaries, were assigned to fight the compares conditions now with what plague in a group of villages. For she found in a similar trip twenty two weeks the representatives of these years ago: three religions struggled together, do- ing all that they could for those who It was a joy to shake hands with a were ill and applying modern methods few converts and some inquirers and to of warding off the disease among those realize that there haye been some "sweet who had not been attacked. first-fruits" even in Arabia, where an open confession of Christ leads to certain persecu· , ,A hundred times since then, as we tion and sometimes even to death. . ….. have traveled through the district," says Mr. Dewey in reporting the in- Tvcnty years ago no missionaries were cident to the Board of Foreign Mis· allowed to locate in Kuweit, and thc col· sions, "we have been met by a judgporteur had been put to sea in an open boat ment of the work we have done. shortly before we were in Arabia. What Hindu and Moslem alike say to us a contrast now in the two good hospitals, 'That was the sort of work Jesus two excellent missionary homes and three taught men to do.' " This furnishes rented buildings, as well as in great friendli· further proof of what workers in ness of the sheikhs of recent vears. India say so often; namely, that Dr. and Mrs. Grenfell had be~n in Baghdad thoughtful Indians are making the just before us and Dr. Grenfell has quoted principles of Jesus the test of con- Bishop Gwynne as saying that "the stone duct. wall of Mohammedanism is being under· mined by loving deeds and Christ'. Spirit in "The Children's City" illuminative lives." ONE of the great problems of India INDIA lies in the people formerly called Eurasians, but now known as Anglo- Madl'a.. Governor on Missions Indians. A great contribution to the solution of this problem has been made H IS EXCELLENCY THE GOV- by Dr. Grahame, who is described as ERNOR OF MADRAS in a rc- "one of the most brilliant missioncent address at Coonoor, said: aries of the Free Church of Scot- land. " In 1889 he and his wife went I sometimes think that we who stand to Kalimpong in the eastern lIimaoutside are not sufficiently interested in mis· layas, and a strong Christian comsion work and do not pay sufficient gratitude munity has been built up there among to the workers. If we hear of any sudden the people of the mountains. He deed of heroism or if we hear of the story carried in his heart, however, the of saving a life in which courage is dis· memory of the waifs of mixed parentplayed, if we hear any story of a romantic age whom he had seen on the strcet" adventure of exploration under conditions of of Calcutta, and in 1900, with the great danger and difficulty, we are at once help of the Governor of Bengal, he thrilled and rightly thrilled, but do we opened at Kalimpong a home for six always recognize that side by side with us of them. Today the "St. Andrew's in our daily life are living a body of men Colonial I-ffimes, " generally known as and women who are daily leading lives of "the Children's City, " have a populaheroism, who are living far away from their tion of 625 boys and girls, with a homes—-and in homes not always such as community of seventy-house moththey would have chosen in the land of their ers, teachers, and others-who minisadoption-far away from their friends in ter to them. The Queen Mary School isolated posts and having none of the is one of the largest and most efficient amenities of lifet They are often called secondary schools in BengaL The upon to meet sudden epidemics, and all this twenty cottages are scattered up and they are doing quietly and unostentatiously, down the mountain-side, each a real year after year, giving the very best of their lives. We do not always pay to them the gratitude which we ought, and which on behalf of those outside the mission fiold I am so anxious to offer this evening.

Three Religions Fight Oholera DURING a recent outbreak of . cholera on the Birbhum district of Bengal, India, a Mohammedan, a Hindu and the Rev. and Mrs. Halsey

1925J NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

home under the care of a good mother. precaution was taken to screen the The children are taught the dignity royal traveler from public view. The of labor. The old boys and girl~ aeroplane was placed in the aeroscattered over the world, look back on drome so that the door was on the far Kalimpong with loving thoughts. side from the onlookers, and no men were allowed in the vicinity. The Indianizing Church Council" Maharani arrived in a closed motor- car with blinds drawn tightly, the car AT a recent meeting of the Bombay drew up close to the machine, and Council of the new United Church Her Highness, very heavily veiled, of India (North) the most important stepped out. The pilot stood with his discussion was on the relation of for- back turned so that he could not see eign missionaries to the Church Coun- his distinguished passenger j he had cils at present being formed. The de- previously instructed the Maharani's cision reached was as follows: "(1) English lady companion how to get Ordained foreign missionaries shall be into the aeroplane, and when he heard admitted to the roll of ministers only the cabin door close and was told that under Article XII (g) with regard to all was right, he climbed into his own the admission of ministers from other place and made the ascent. Thus communions. When so admitted they maintaining strict purdah, the Mahashall be full members of the Council, rani of Bhartpur and her attendants and be under its discipline, and shall made a flight over the old imperial cease to be members of any other city of Delhi. On landing, similar similar Church Court. (2) Whereas precautions were observed." under the above section it will be necessary for ordained foreign mis- The Late C. R. Das sionaries to sever their connection with their own Church and whereas AMEMORIAL service for the late it is realized that, on account of their C. R. Das of India was held in peculiar relation to their mission com- International House, New York City, mittees, there will be difficulty in the in July. The Dnyanodaya of Bombay case of some in severing their connec- gives this estimate of him: "Probtion with their own Church, the Coun- ably no man in recent Indian history cil may annually elect as correspond- has stirred so much animosity as did ing members, with the right of vote, the late Mr. C. R. Das whose sudden not more than three ordained foreign death took place at Darjeeling last missionaries, provided no rcpresenta- week. Criticized mercilessly by those tion is secured under the above sec- of his countrymen who swore by Nontion. " There was some discussion of cooperation, because he sought to a compromise measure which placed make use of the Councils in ac- Indian and foreign ordained minis- cordance with his own lights and his ters on exactly the same level, but only own conscience, Mr. Das was fired into three of the fifteen present voted for with equal severity by the Europeans it. and their sympathizers who were so often infuriated because he differed at Purdah in an Aeroplane least as much from them-probably a great deal more. One of his greatest THE presence of an English aero- achievements has been that he helped anut in India led the Maharaja of to bring home to Mr. Gandhi as prob- Bhartpur recently to take a short ex- ably no one else did, the utter imcursion in the air. His wife, the practicability of much of his policy Maharani, then wished to do the same. and compelled the iron will of the The Foreign Field says: "The diffi- :lHahatma to agree to the Swarajist culty was that Her Highness keeps course of action in recent months strict purdah and the trip had there- …… All impartial witnesses of the fore to be so arranged that her 'se- battle he has fought will agree that clusion' should not be violated. Every

there was a vein of noble idealism in idge on July 20, 1925 directed Secre. many of his public utterances, and tary Mellon to remit the balance of that his handing over all his property the Boxer indemnity fund, amounting for the beneiit of his countrymen, an to $6,137,552, to be used in the pro· act he performed several months ago, motion of scientific education in was one of the mo~t characteril'ltic China. The money will be turned things of his whole career." over to the trustees of the China Foundation for the Promotion of CHINA Education and Culture composed of nine Chinese and five Americans China Inland Mission Jubilee created by mandate of the President of China on Sept. 17, 1924, for the THE sixtieth anniversary of the custody and control of the remitted founding of the China Inland Mis· funds. The funds are to be used for sian has been wideIv celebrated. On the" development of scientific knowl. edge and the application of such June 25, 1865, Rev. J. Hudson Taylor, kno'ledge to the conditions in China through the promotion of technical following a call of God to reach in· training of scientific research, experi. land China with the Gospel, wrote in mentation and demonstration, and the margin of his Bible: "Prayed for training in science teaching, and to twenty·four willing, skillful laborers the advancement of cultural enter· at Brighton. " This number was prises of a permanent character, such asked for in order to supply two for as libraries and the like." each of eleven provinces still without a missionary, and two for Mongolia. Chinese Bible Pictures God's answer finds partial expres· REV. E. G. TEWKSBURY, secre· sion in the following record of that tary for China of the World's mission to the end of 1924 :-More Sunday School Association, writes: than 2,000 missionaries sent out in 60 "All Sunday·school work must in· years, of whom 1,134 are still on creasingly become indigenous, if it is active service in 15 provinces, besides to root and grow in the Orient. Not Chinese Turkestan and the borders of only in the Lesson Note preparation Mongolia and Tibet; $15,000,000 re· but also in pictures is the China Sun· ceived and used in the work; present day School Union seeking to make its stations 258; out·stations 1,764; material more indigenous. A Chinese chapels, 1,518; hospitals 13; dis· Christian artist has been employed on pensaries 91; schools 545; paid full time especially for this Bible il· Chinese workers 2,211; voluntary lustrative work. It will be interest· Chinese workers 2,150; churches ing to watch his work, as he attempts 1,165; communicant members 64,350 ; to make the Bible live for his coun· baptized in 1924, 5,779; baptizer! trymen. There is but little hope that since commencement of work 104,820. the majority of the present genera· tion of adult illiterates can ever learn Balance of Boxer Indemnity to read fluently with the old Chinese characters, nor, for that matter, with ONE of China's chief reasons for the Roman or any other phonetic considering America her friend alphabet. They must depend for their has been the well·known decision of knowledge of the Bible on the spokeu Congress in 1908 to reduce the share word or their memory, unless in some of the United States in the Boxer In· way we can tell them the Bible stories demnity by about $10,000,000, and to without words. The Sundav School request the Chinese Government to Union is making an attempt to do use the money for educational pur· this, at least with some of the Bible poses. In consequence, Tsing H ua stories, and in this attempt we are College, from which so many Chinese students have come to the Uniterl States, was established. Acting on a second Congressional joint resolution, passed May 21, 1924, President Cool·

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

following out a Chinese proverb which study tendencies and developments in says' A thousand words are not equal the Christian program throughout the to one look.' " world. The President, Vice-President and Secretary-Treasurer, respectively Shanghai Opiu:m Raid a Y. M. C. A. man, a China Inland missionary and a Presbvterian mis- THE 1925 report of the China In- sionary, constitute the ex"ecutive com- land Mission contains the follow- mittee with the addition of one repreing significant statement: " Reports sentative from. each of the other misfrom many provinces tell of vast areas sions or churches. A recent subject given over again to the cultivation of for discussion was, "What can we the poppy, and evidence is constantly foreign Christians in Chefoo do to forthcoming to prove the existence of better conditions during the coming widespread organizations for the summer 1" The main issue considered smuggling of the drug. In one house was the control, limitation, or elimiwhich was raided in Shanghai an nation of bars and brothels opened for astonishing series of secret passages the patronage of American sailors. were discovered with cupboards containing opium valued at $1,250,000. Chinese Bible Study Methods Documents revealed an immense organization for the import of opium DAVID R. PIPER, in an interestfrom abroad. In one of the contracts ing article in the New Century seized the following words occurred: S. S. Teacher's Monthly, quotes a mis- 'The navy, army and police will gen- sionary from Siam, who said: "China erally assist in the protection of the is the coming Christian nation of the goods. ' The names of firms at Con- world; the Chinese Christians put the stantinople, in Switzerland and in teachings of Christ into practice in all Japan, as well as Chinese, were men- their daily relationships more perfecttioned. A telegraphic code for deal- ly and more sincerely than any othel' ing in opium, heroin, morphia and Christian people the world over." cocaine was found, as well as con- rfhe explanation of this and similar tracts made out in dollars, yen, sterl- statements Mr. Piper finds in the ing and Turkish currency amounting methods which have been followed for to millions of dollars. Such cases years by Chinese Sunday-school throw a glaring light on the scandal- classes, and which are described in an ous proceedings connected with this article in The China Sunday School baneful traffic. Even the present J mtrnal: The lesson period opens hostilities in China are being called it w"ith presentation of a problem based 'drug war,' since the various war on the lesson truth, but taken from lords, with the honorable exception real life, which the class immediately of Marshal Feng, are said to be re- begins to discuss. If the claRs is large sponsible for nine tenths of the com- it is divided into groups of five or six, pulsory cultivation of the drug in and since there is plenty of time, with that country. " no half-hour limit as in American Sunday-schools, the groups reassemble A Christian Fellowship Group and continue the discussion by means of group spokesmen giving to the AN organization bearing this name, whole class the best points brought composed of nearly one hundred out in the group discussion. This, the missionaries and foreign Christian leaders of the China Sunday School business people, has been formed in Union believe, accounts for the high Chefoo, China. Its purpose is to un- quality and thoroughgoing sincerity derstand the points of view of the displayed in the lives of Chinese various elements that compose it, to Christians. They study Bible truth discuss common problems, and to always in its actual relation to their real life problems.

Demands on Mis.ion Schools countries were present, and it was re- ported that there are one hundred SPEAKING especially of conditions Presbyterian denominations in the in the Island of Hainan, the world-twenty-nine on the continent Board of Foreign Missions of the of Europe, eleven in Great Britain Presbyterian Church in the U. S. A. and Ireland, fourteen in Asia, sixteen says in its latest report: "China's in Africa, thirteen in North America. only hope is in the kind of men that The rest are in South America, the the Christian schools are producing. West Indies and Australasia. An in- Mere education will not produce the teresting development was the recomresults; in Hainan some of the worst mendation of the business committee grafters are graduates of government that the eastern and western sections schools; two of the leaders of bandit of the executive commission appoint armies in Hainan are graduates of committees to confer together and regovernment middle (high) schools. port their findings to the next con- A school without Christianity fails as ference on the subject of an Alliance a rule to prepare public-spirited, creed. There was by no means honest and efficient leaders. The unanimity in the Alliance favoring Chinese, people are now realizing this the forming of a creed, or a declarafact. Officials and gentry, prominent tory statement of faith. This was business and professional people, are favored largely by men from Amersending their children to the mission ica. schools as never before. The crowd of students which yearly gathers for Our Unfinished Task the entrance examinations in the middle schools of Kiungchow City il- AFRICA contains 42,000,000 Molustrates the Chinese determination hammedans. to get an education which will fit them for the modern world and pre- Of the 3,600,000 people of Madagaspare them to be leaders in the future car, 3,000,000 are heathen. Republic. The student class is changing :faster and absorbing more new Siam, "Kingdom of the Free," has ideas than any other class in China. 87,000 Buddhist priests and 13,000 Their school books and equipment are Buddhist temples. beginning to compare favorably with those found abroad. The demand Multitudes among the 340,000 Inupon the mission schools has been far dians of the United States still believe in excess of the accommodations and in the old pagan faiths of their anit has been very difficult to meet the cestors. arguments put forward by some of the parents, who have illBisted on the Of the people of India, 216,000,000 schools taking their boys. The prob- are Hindus, 69,000,000 are Mohammelem has been to sift out not only good dans, 11,000,000 are Buddhists, 10,- students, and worthy ones, but to try 000,000 are animists, and less than to admit those to whom the mission 5,000,000 are Christians. could look forward for the leadership in the churches in Hainan." In our Philippine Islands there are 300,000 heathen animists, 500,000 GENERAL Mohammedans, 1,500,000 independent Catholics and 8,000,000 Roman Catho- Pan.Presbyterian Oonference lics. The population as a whole totals about 11,000,000. AT the meeting of the Alliance of Reformed Churches Throughout China still has more than 300,000,- the World Holding the Presbyterian 000 adherents of heathen religions. System held in Cardiff, Wales, in J'une, 323 delegates from twenty-three More than 118,000 Shintoist temples and shrines are to be found in Japan. Buddhist temples total more than 70,000. These two religions number at least 72,000,000 of the 77,000,000 people.-The Continent.

MISSJ[ONARY

'Ihe Syrians in America. Philip K. Hitti. very few Protestants identify them- 12mo., 139 pages, 1 map, 7 illustrations. selves with any church. The Syrians $1.00. New York. 1924. in America are widely scattered; they were members of an Evangelical This volume of the Racial Studies church in Syria which was the only in the New American Series should one of its kind, and they are confused find a cordial welcome among all in- by the multiplicity of denomination8 terested in Christian work among the and do not know where they belong. immigrant peoples in the United There has been little systematic effort States, both because, it releases an- on the part of the Protestant churches other of the valuable manuscripts of America to win even those who originally prepared for the Inter- have come as Protestants. Thus the church World Movement, and because work of foreign missionaries is set at of the real contribution which the naught by the indifference of Ameribook makes to our knowledge con- can Christians to their immigrant cerning the subject. neighbors. Although the Syrians are great readers, the only religious liter- Although Syria was the birthplace ature available for Syrians in their of both Judaism and Christianity, and own tongue is that published by .the "has been of greater significance to Russellites. Dr. Hitti points out that mankind, spiritually and materially, "kindliness, free from condescension, than any other single country in the and readiness on the part of ~;merican world," most Americans know little congregations to extend the hand of about modern Syria or of the people fellowship" are proper agencies of who live there, and still less concern- missionary work among them. "After ing the thousands who have left that all is said and done, " he remarks, "it land to take up their abode in Amer- is not the pastor, the religious worker, ica. Dr. Hitti was born in Mt. or the official representative of the ~banon, was partly educated in church, but the ordinary man and Beirut, and is now serving his people woman with whom the immigrant there, but he spent much time in deals that is going to determine his America where he earned unusual attitude toward Christian America." scholastic recognition. His description of the life of his countrymen, K. D. M. both in Syria and in the United States, is vivid, interesting and true. Dia~nosing the Rural Church. C. Luther Those interested in foreign missionary work in Syria will read with Fry. 234 pp. $1.50. New York. 1924.

profit Dr. Hitti's account of the effect This painstakingly accurate study of Protestant missionary effort on the is of especial value to denominational religious situation in Syria as well as executives, field secretaries, and pas- on the lives of those who have emi- tors of country churches. As Profes- grated to America. sor Franklin H. Giddings says in the While most of the 200,000 Syrians foreword it is: "An outstanding ex- living in this country retain their ample of the best scientific workman- allegiance to their old world faiths, ship. These findings are significant- whether to the Greek Orthodox, l1ar- and in certain instances perhaps un- .

onite, or Greek Catholic Churches, or expected, and a bit startling. They to the non-Christian Mohammedan, add richly to our knowledge of this Druze or Nusayriyyah faiths, while field."

733

The main divisions of the subject mighty have rejected it. Many outare" Measuring the Church" j "Comparing Individual Churches"; and castes in India have become educated "Comparing Church Life Past and Present." In estimating the worth of and have risen to distinction. The the church in the rural field, which includes the open country and the wonderful story of the "untouchsmall town, the author rejects the money measure, and the number of ables," their down-trodden life and members, as the best criterion, advocating instead the test of attendance the effect orfeatdhiengG. ospWelitahmouotngunthdeemr~ as the most accurate gauge of the is worth effectiveness of the church. standing these submerged millions at J. F. R. the base of the Indian pyramid, one The Expectation of Siam. Arthur 3. Brown. 12mo. 204 pp. Illus. Paper, 50 cents; cannot understand the present or the Cloth, 75 cents. New York. 1925. future of India. Siam is unique as a mission field in that it is exclusively the field of the The Gospel Romance in the Huts of the Presbyterian Church in the U. S. A. Punjab. Howard E. Anderson. Dlus. The American Bible Society does col- 12mo. 133 pp. $1.25. New York. 1925. portage w'ork j otherwise the Presbyterians have the field, north and south, These pen and ink sketches show to themselves; and they have done a the outlines, the lights and shadows, remarkable work, as Dr. Brown clear- of missionary life among North India ly shows. peasants. The chapters are readable pictures of what the missionary saw The book is a readable and reliable in five and one-half years-including history of Siam, its people, progress, a wedding and a funeral, but chiefly races, religions and missionary work. everyday scenes in the villages and The people are simple and childlike jungles. Buddhists and Animists. The royal family has been friendly to Christian Hero Tales from Mission Lands. W. P. missions and has helped financially Nairne and Arthur P. Shepherd. 8vo. the hospital and educational work. A 238 pp. $1.75 net. New York. 1925. remarkable line of American missionaries-such as Abeel, House, Taylor, We realize more fully the great MacGilliway, Dodd, Dunlap, Briggs number of true heroes in the mission and McLean- have done pioneer fields as we read these brief biographwork and have borne the burden and ical sketches written for. adolescent heat of the day. The story of their boys. The twenty-two heroes whose discoveries, their hardships and their stories of brave adventure and sacritriumphs are here briefly told to in- fice are told here are Columba of spire the reader. In this little volume, Iona, Eliot and Bompas among the many will find fascinating excursions American Indians; Morrison, Moule, into a little-known mission field. Taylor, Stott, Hill, Peill and Jackson of China; Schwartz, Edwardes and India's Outcastes. Rev. W. S. Hunt. 12mo. Pennell of India; Mrs. Judson of Paper. 112 pp. Is, 6d. London. 1925. Burma; Hannington and Stewart of Africa; Armstrong and Booker Wash- The great Christward mass move- ington among the American Negroes ments in India have been and are and the native Christian converts among the outcastes of the villages. Lomai of the New Hebrides, Han-Ue- The poor and ignorant, the despised Lan of China and Sundar Singh of and weak have been ready, as in for- India. mer days, to accept the Good News where the rich and learned and These area very few selected al- most at random f,rom the possible missionary Hall of Fame.. The sto- ries are well told, with historic intro- ductions and questions, but they serve better to give adult teachers the main facts of the heroes' lives than as inspiring thrillers for adolescent boys. There is not enough of the detailed dramatic incident to captivate story revolves about the taking of the attention of the average energetic moving pictures. Highways and youth of today. Ford cars, railways, the camera- these devices of civilization and the Little Children of Mission Lands. Mary changes implicit in them seem to have Entwl<tle. Illus. 12mo. 199 pp. $1.75 interested the young people to whom net. New York. 1925. I loaned the book-these, and the mis- sionary adventure. They expressed 'I'he life of babies in China, Africa, surprise at the roads and the auto- Persia, South Sea Islands, North mobiles in Africa, and one and an- America, Arabia, India, Japan, Green- other said that the book certainly did land, Syria, Jamaica and elsewhere is make a fellow think about being a described for children of primary age. missionary. This comment, I feel 'fhese interesting facts about homes, sure, would please the author more clothes, games, food and habits will than any other of the favorable comgive mothers and teachers excellent ments. I suppose this is the hidden material with which to help the chil- ivory of her own quest. J. K. M. dren of America and England become friends of the children of other lands.

Today'. Supreme Challenge to America. Yourself and Your Body. By Wilfred T. Rev. J. F. Love. 12mo. 101 pp. $1.25. Grenfell. Illustrated with drawings by New York. 1925. the Author. 12mo. 324 pp. $2.50. New York. The secretary of the Southern Baptist Board of Foreign Missions makes As a Christian thinker and worker, an earnest appeal for a g,reat forward a physieian and a father of boys, Dr. missionary movement. America has Grenfell tells, in a fascinating way, unusual resources, position and abil- the story of the organism and the ity for leadership. Striking facts are functions of the human body. His presented in an impressive way that purpose is to impress on youthful and will prove very helpful to pastors in ignorant minds the wonderful and inpresenting the challenge to their con- tricate body that the ego inhabits· gregations. he unfolds the laws that must be ob: served to keep it in health and ready The Quest of the Hidden Ivory. By for the highest service. His story is Josephine Hope Westervelt. 12mo. 226 simple, though many of the terms used pp. $1.75. New York. 1924. are so teehnical as to need explana- tion to young people; many of his 'I'his story about Africa East is a 190 pencil drawings are unique and juvenile and a good one. 'fhe ad- humorous, but they truly illumine the ventures, and these are many, proceed text. against a background of an authentic Africa. :Miss Westervelt has known First Dr. Grenfell des:)ribes the how to pack her fiction with fact, so marvelous living machinery of the that the reader is truly enriched in body and shows the difference between knowledge. the body and the spirit or ego that inhabits it. Next comes a m'ore de- The tale is about hidden treasure tailed account of the framework and and danger and heroic achievements. how it is built, the units that make up The heroes are boys of the high school the skeleton; the motors (or muscles) age; the properties are not skimped- are described, the wires of communicaeither of animals, savages, forests, tion (nerves), the life fluid (blood) saial'is, pigmies, or other desired and the pump, pipes and furnace African ingredients. There is a faith- that comprise the eirculating system ful dog. There is a witch doctor and and maintain health. The" building a black queen. But to these Miss department" relates to food and its Westervelt has wisely added the use; the "department of public fresh interest of these commercial ad- health and disposition of refuse " reventures which are so large a factor fers to the digestive system; the in the life of modern Africa. The "sentinels" are the ears, eyes, nose the China Inland Mission. On a and the senses of taste and touch. "faith" basis the income of the mis- The chapter on "overalls" relates to sion is now over $800,000 a year and the skin and its care. Then comes a the total number of Chinese baptized description of the talking machine and in these missions has grown to 105,- the reproductive system. The final 000. The number of converts has chapter deals with" Defenses and De- doubled in the last ten years.

fenders "-glands, diseases, vaccines, antitoxins and other preventions and Education in East Africa. Report prepareu remedies. by T. J esse Jones for the Second C()lnmis- sion of the Phelps·Stokes Fund. Maps There could scarcely be a more in- and IIlus. 8 VO. 4,16 pp. New York and teresting and practical book on the London. 1925.

subject for those who wish to teach The second Education Commission the youth to understand and to care sent to Africa under the auspices of for their bodies. Dr. Grenfell men- the Phelps-Stokes Fund in cooperation tions the theory of evolution as being with the International Education held by some people but he does not Board, traveled around the continent champion the theory or dwell on it. but spent most of its time studying Missionaries will find valuable sug- conditions in East Africa – Kenya gestions here for teaching physiology Colony, Uganda, Tanganyika, Nyasato those who are ignorant of it. The land, Zanzibar, Rhodesia, Basutoland, book will help many to make the most Portuguese East Africa and Abysof life here, though naturally it does sinia. The result is a very complete not refer to the importance of the life and careful report of present condihereafter. tions, the government school system, How to Live. By Irving Fisher anU. Eugene the mission schools, European in- Lyman Fisk. 8vo. 541 pp. $2.00 net. fluences and excellent summaries and New York. 1925. recommendations. It is full of in- formation and sage advice, worthy of The fact that in the past ten years the attention of every missionary, adthis book (now revised and enlarged) ministrator and government interhas passed through seventeen editions ested in Africa. is enough of a recommendation. It is a non-technical compendium of The Lost Treasure of Umdilla, Annie M. rules for healthful living and has Barnes. IIIus. 12 mo. 224 pp. $1.50.

been prepared in collaboration with New York. 1925.

the Board of the Life Extension In- Mollie and Billy Stewart, two stitute. The chapters deal with air, young people, who went to visit food, poisons, activity, individual and Africa with their father, had some public hygiene and other subjects. strange experiences and some exciting Among the new topics discnsRcd are adventures. The story is interestingly aviation, birth-control, bootleg-liquor, told for 'teen age boys and girls and and vitamines. Special chapters are carrje~ a stirring missionary message.

devoted to the effects of alcohol and without moralizing.

narcotics, tobacco, how to avoid coldH, exercises, infection of ton~ils and Nature's Mighty Wonders. Richard New- ton. Illn8. 12 mo. 184 pp. 18, 9d net. teeth, organic diseases and eugenicR. Glasgow. 1925. Missionaries and households will -find here very valuable and diversified in- This new edition of an old book of formation for themselves and thcir sermons for children by a famous neighbors. preaeher of the past is run of beau- tiful, helpful thoughts. The sun, Our Magnificat. Pamphlet. 6d. China In- moon, stars, light, air, clouds, trees land Mission. London. 1925. and flowers are all used to teach A jubilee peon of praise on the lessons applicable to all ages, times occasion of the sixtieth anniversary of and races.

The Missionary Review of the World — September 1913

Missionary

CHINESE CHRISTIAN CHURCH ~THE THE CHURCH AS IT WILL BE ]L. Afr-CHURCH ANGLICAN ~AS ATION COUNCIL iJLIT CHRISTIAN ENDEAVOR ~~lS LESSONS j1 METHODIST Y. M.C.A.

WEEK OF PRAYER INSTITUTE hJa"-. ~ GRACE CHURCH BIBLE STUDY A CHINESE VIEW OF THE CHURCH IN CHINA-AS IT IS AND AS IT SHOULD BE 1. The first diagram represents various denominations loosely bound together by various union Ail- ~t t:l BAPTIST organizations. 2. The second diagram shows a united church, sepal-ately organized in each province but united by a central body-one body in Christ and severally members one of another. ® of the World ~ Vol. XXXVI, No.9 SEPTEMBER, 1913 Vol. XXVI, No. 9 Old Series New Series Signs of the· Times TIMPORTANT QUESTIONS IN JAPAN a defective sense of religious re" HE recent conferences of mis- sponsibility on the part of church- sionaries in Japan have empha- members. More intensive work must sized the urgent need for at least 500 be done among communicants.

more mlsslOnaries. Foreigners and A recommendation was made by Japanese leaders are agreed on this the Japanese Conference and was point. Missionaries with special qual- heartily endorsed by the joint con- ifications are required for pioneering, ference of missionaries and Japanese for educational work, for training for a great forward movement by all teachers and for other tasks that at denominations, to have as its objects present can not be successfully done first, a deepening of the religious ex- by Japanese. A Christian university perience and life of the Church itself, is also loudly called for and a Chris- and second, a widespread presenta- tian college for women. tion of Gospel truth to the whole At the same time that this appeal non-Christian community. This is to is made for numerical and financial be carried out under the continuation reinforcements, the still greater need ;:ommittee of Japan during the com- is recognized for more spIritual ing three years.

power, for clearer spiritual vision and This continuation committee is for more complete consecration. to consist of 45 members, 15 each ap- Another recognized need in Japan pointed by the Federation of Churches is for a greatly increased force of and the Conference of Federated Japanese Christian evangelists-at Missions, and 15 additional members least one to. every ro,ooo people, or to be appointed by the other 30.

5,000 evangelists. These men and I. The committee is to serve as the women should be supported by the organ of communication between the native Church. If this is to be done Edinburgh Continuation CO)'t"'1"!ittee the Olristians in Japan must be im- and the ecclesiastical, _ ,lllssionary bued with more of the spirit of self- bodies in Japan. _ sacrifice and giving as a Christian 2. To consider sucr' matters as grace. At present there seems to be affect the welfare of the whole Chris- The editors .seek 10 preserve accuracy and to manifest the spirit of Christ in the pages of this REVIEW" but do not acknowledge responsibility for opinions exprest, nor for positions taken by contributors of signed articles in these pages.-EDITORS. tian body, and shall undertake work brought their food and cooked it, referred to it by any body of Christian meanwhile studying Genesis, Exodus, workers. Judges, Isaiah, Matthew, Mark, Luke, John, Church Government, Shorter 3. To appoint, when invited to do Catechism, and Biblical Geography. so by the Edinburgh Continuation Evenings were devoted to popUlar Committee, one or more persons to meetings, and at one of these a rice attend meetings of the Edinburgh merchant declared that he had re- Committee as representatives from solved to give a tenth to the Lord Japan. during the year, but on figuring up his profits he found that he had not CHRISTIAN GROWTH IN KOREA done this, and he decided to pay an additional sum to the Church. "The A FEW years ago there was started devil came and tried to tempt me; saying 'You can not afford it, you will a campaign for "a million con- have to build a new store and put on verts" during the year in Korea. a tin roof; tin is expensive; save the While that result has not been, money'; but I would not let the devil reached, remarkable progress has been deceive me. If only we would pay made-and in spite of the Japanese all that we promised to the Lord the accusations against Christians. It is Church would not be in debt." now estimated that there are 125,000 baptized members, and as many more At one service at the Central probationers and adherents of the Church at Pyeng Yang, 100 new be- Christian Church in Korea. The ex- lievers stood up to signify that they citement of the great revival has had determined to follow Christ, and died away; the chaff has been blown during the week about lOO more were from the wheat, and the work is now added to the number. An unbeliever, on a solid basis. The Koreans are who attended the meetings, was so reaching out their hands for the much interested in what seemed to Gospel, and there are more open fields him so unbelievable a movement, in that land than the present mis- that he called on Kil Moksa, the sionary force can enter. The Koreans pastor of the church, and asked him are naturally spiritually minded. They why it was that so many were willing readily take up the work of the to adopt the new religion, when so teacher and the evangelist; and it has many of the leaders were in trouble. been suggested that, in the providence of God, they are to become the evan- Among Japanese in Korea, too, gelizers of the Orient. there is an important Christward movement. Since Korea became a part The Church has not been injured, of Japan, the Japanese are flocking but has rather been strengthened by thither in great numbers, until there the trial through which it has passed. are now 250,000 in the country, and At one of the men's conferences held more are coming. The material relast January, 140 men were present, sults of J fpanese dominion and even studying 12 days. They came with the distinctively educational. work are sacks of rice, bowls, spoons and chop- good, but the spiritual influences sticks tied to their backs. They were are evil. Christian workers can do too poor to go to the inn and board at the rate of ten cents a day, so they

OF THE

nothing in regard to the political quently, on the one hand, there are policies of Japan, but they are work- the polytheists, and on the other, ing to bring the Japanese in Korea the atheists. to Christ. Several churches have liCen organized among them in the "Christianity exercises a powerful hrgcr cities, and they seem to be influence upon the people. It teaches 11 lOre readily reached than their self-control, a virtue most needed in brethren at home. The great impor- a community where men and women lance of this work in Korea will be have free intercourse. It also teaches recognized when we realize that these righteousness and honesty, by which Japanese are the most important per- men learn to despise money not sonages in the cities in which they rightfully earned. Incalculable will are located, being political, financial, the benefit be when children are and industrial leaders. The influence taught the doctrines of a progressive of such Christians as Justice Wata- religion. For the welfare of China, nabe and his wife are great, and the we feel that attention should be paid Japanese Church in Korea is steadily to the religious aspect of her national growing. development."

LIGHTS AND SHADOWS IN CHINA Idol worship is decidedly on the wane and is generally in disrepute THOSE who hoped to see an ideal among educated Chinese. At the time republic estabiished in China, by of the Boxer movement, many tem- ples were converted into schools and ideal methods and a united people, others were commandeered as police have been disappointed. Rebellion- stations. Many a child learned his rightly or wrongly-is rending the "A B C" under the gaze of sightless republic. Dr. Sun Yat Sen and idols, and faith in them as gods be- President Yuan Shih Kai are at gan rapidly to wane. "The revoluodds; the South is against the North tion, however, has given idolatry a and China's bitterest foes are those sudden and permanent eclipse from of her own household. The govern- which it will never recover," writes ment troops have thus far the upper Rev. Warren H. Stuart of Hangchow hand, but the victories do not reunite in The Christian Observer. The new the divided young republic. officials not only do not worship the idols but in some cases have issued In the meantime, progress toward vigorous orders against the peoples' Christian ideals continues. An edi- worshiping them, under penalty of torial, in a recent issue of the !VIinli- fine. In Hangchow the idols are be- ing given over to the moles and bats, pao, a leading vernacular paper of the dust and the rats, and their tem- ples are put to better use. In Can- Shanghai, shows the spirit of the ton some 400 images were beheaded times. The Chinese editor says: by a military mob. In Changchow, a Buddhist center, the soldiers had or- "The Chinese religion has no pur- ders to clear certain temples of their pose compared with that of a modern idols, including those of the city temreligion. It teaches idolatry and su- ple. They first made a speech to the perstition. Against it the more intelligent class of people revolt. Some of them have even gone so far as to renounce all forms of belief. Conse-

idols, telling them to get ready to Christ within the lifetime of many die. If they were good, they said, of the missionaries of to-day."

their souls would go to Heaven, and Rev. F. M. Wilson, superintendent if they were bad they would go to of the Delhi district, also writes that hell. They then shot them in the the cry of the multitudes in the vil- head, and after that put chains lages rings in his ears, weighs down around their necks and dragged them his heart by day and disturbs his down and out. slumbers at night. "There 'are now in the Delhi district," he says, "more CHRISTWARD MOVEMENTS IN than 8,000 people who are ready to tear down their idol shrines, and to TO INDIA accept Christ. They are pleading for u the poor the Gospel is baptism. But I have to pass them by, as at present we can do no more than preached." Those who are rich to care for the Christians we have.

in this world's' goods and are satis- fied with earthly conditions are al- ways difficult to reach with the Gos- Recently I was enabled to spend eight pel of eternal life and earthly sacri- days in the villages of two sub-cir- fice. But the poor and the outcasts cuits, and baptized I,009 people, wit- listen eagerly to the message of hope. nessing the destruction by their for- Recently, in India, there have been mer worshipers of more than 20 signs of new mass movements among shrines. I received, on this visit, the outcasts. Rev. John Lampard, of appeals for Christian instruction from the Methodist Mission in Gujerat, re- more than 2,000 in new villages."

ports that large sections of the 60,- In the Northwest India conference 000,000 of "untouchables," or out- last year, 15,000 new converts were cast peoples, are moving toward baptized. These are self-supporting Chris tianity. and many support their own pastors.

"In some districts," he says,"the applicants for baptism are numbered RELIGION AND POLITICS IN THE T by hundreds, and in some by thou- BALKANS sands! There are missionaries who HE principle that "to the victor make a tour of their districts, baptiz- belong the spoils" too often raises ing eager candidates at places where a hostile discussion among allies as to there are workers stationed, but al- "who is the victor." It has proved so most daily such missionaries have to in the Balkan States with the result say 'No' to requests-for teachers, that Bulgaria has been humiliated by schools, and actual baptism-from vil- her former allies and with the help of lages too far from present centers to Rumania. It is to be regretted that be worked. It seems, by no means in the peace negotiations the sugges- outside the bounds of possibility that, tion of Mr. Bryan was rejected that if the Christian churches were strong a clause be inserted guaranteeing reli- enough to receive and give Christian gious and civil liberty to all the inhabi- instruction to all such as they come tants of the Balkan States. The forward, we might see the whole of oppression of the . Jews in Rumania the outcast peoples of India seeking is well known; Greece has just ex- to enter the door of the Church of pelled a protestant missionary; Servia

does not wish mIssIonary work on union. In the Assembly of the carried on in her Albanian territory Church of Scotland it was stated that and the atrocities committed by it had become their duty to satisfy Bulgaria on Greek priests seem to be the high ideals of Christian freedom altogether too well authenticated to entertained by the United Free admit of doubt. Church and to that end the Church While .the former allies have been of Scotland must secure such a modi- disputing over the spoils, Turkey has fication and readjustment of the his- exultantly recaptured Adrianople. toric relation between church and The leading powers of Europe seem state as will forever put at rest any to be powerless in establishing order, suspIcIon that Scotland's national for they are unable to reach a satis- church is in any way subservient to factoiy understanding. Never was civic control. The representatives of there a clearer proof than now that the committee who spoke before the war brings out in men the most devil- Assembly of the United Free Church ish instincts. Bulgaria seems to be most showed that the Established Church culpable in beginning the recent con- meant to frame for itself a new con- fEct in atrocities committed and in stitution which it would reserve the refusing to arbitrate claims until her right to alter as it pleased without position becomes hopeless. The con- consulting parliament. Every speech ditions of peace in the Balkan States in the discussion was in favor of pro- have not been fulIy settled but include ceeding with negotiations upon this a curtailment of the territory claimed understanding.

by Bulgaria, the payment of an REFORM IN KONGO ATROCITIES indemnity, a guarantee of the lives THE chariot of real progress makes and property of Greeks and Servians haste slowly. Those who have in Thrace, and the free exercise of been cheered by the hope of a new religion, the use of their own language Persia, or a new Turkey, a new Rus- and education. Peace and barmony sia, a new China, or a new Mexico, would be promoted if the regions in- born in a day have been doomed to habited by Bulgars, Serbs, Greeks and disappointment. There may be sud- Albanians could each be assigned to den outward changes but time is re- their several nations. quired to educate a free people, to FCHURCH UNION IN SCOTLAND change national ideals and to develop ROM a distance the differences character.

that divide many Christians seem Ten years ago the newspapers be- small. Some divisions have come in gan to be filled with stories of atroci- the heat of battle and have become ties committed in the Kongo State historical but wholly unnecessary. where the natives were opprest, en- One such division is that between the slaved, tortured, mutilated and killed Presbyterian sects of Scotland. This in the greedy efforts of the Belgian year the two great Presbyterian Gene- rubber companies (with the late King ral Assemblies were established and Leopold at their head) to obtain the United Free Churches meeting in riches through "red rubber." T'he Edinburgh adopted without a single testimonies of missionaries and trav- dissent, the report of their committee elers was so overwhelming and con-

vincing that the indignation of the growth of the school during the ten Christian world was aroused. Pres- years of its existence. Ten years ago entations were made to the govern- at the Northfield Summer School there ments of Great Britain, United States, were 235 present, while this year there and Germany but diplomatic delays, were 658 registered. national jealousies and fear of meddling made it seem that nothing would A notable feature of this year's be done. The Kongo Reform Asso- registration was the increased attendciation was formed in Great Britain ance of young women and girls. The with Mr. E. D. Morel as secretary text-book prepared for next year by and moving spirit. The Christian the United Committee on Mission men and women of England were Study is Mrs. Raymond's "The King's enlisted to enter on a crusade of great Business." The study of it will no difficulty and delicacy that seemed doubt produce greater efficiency in almost hopeless. For ten years they Women's Missionary Societies and kept up the fight against business greed speedier accomplishment of the busiand a king's authority. They have ness of missions. The next generanow seen the result of their labors in tion ought to feel the benefit even more the transfer of the Kongo State from than the present. the late King to the Belgian State, in the appointment of a Belgian investi- WORLD CHRISTIAN CITIZENSHIP gating committee and in the enactment of radical reforms. This is a CLEANSING the outside of the lesson in perseverance. cup and platter is important, tho Conditions are not yet ideal in the not the most important business for Kongo State. Native tenure of land the Christian, the Church or the nahas not been recognized by specific tion. The ideas and principles advolegislation but open murder and mu- cated by the second World's Christilation and slavery have ceased. The tian Citizenship Conference, which work of the Kongo Reform Associa- met at Portland, Oregon, July 1-8, are tion has been completed and it has noble and beautiful and if carriecl disbanded. Let the Putumayo atroc- out would make ideal conditions of ities in South America !lOW receive life, social and political. The subjects attention. of international peace,the family, Capital and Labor, Education, Prison WOMEN'S SUMMER SCHOOLS OF Reform, Temperance, Social Service, immigration, the Sabbath, etc., were T MISSIONS discust in section conferences and HE growth of mission study is in mass meetings. Able men and one of the most encouraging signs honored Christian leaders presented of the times. Laymen, Student Vol- high standards and practical suggesunteers, young people and women tions which every friend of man and have prepared their own text books lovers of God would wish to see carand held their conventions and their ried out. What is needed is the dyannual classes for leaders. The list namic that wil1 make these ideals efof registered delegates at one of the fective. This dynamic is to be found Summer Schools of Women's Foreign only in the Spirit of Goel through Missionary Sociert:ies indicates the personal surrender to J eSllS Christ.

MASUMI HINO AND HIS

The Jady in the center is Protes.c;or Hino's mother; his wife is on the left, and a Japancse maid holds the youngest of tbe six children OUGHT JAPAN TO BECOME A CHRISTIAN NATION?

A COMPARISON BETWEEN CHRISTIANITY AND OTHER RELIGIONS BY PROFESSOR MASUMI HINO, KYOTO, JAPAN. 'Dean of the Theological Department at Doshisha University ~N 0 land can compare with spiritual and intellectual status of the ~ Japan in the various people, and especially upon its power to lead and enlighten the nation in the 1 forms of religion flour- way of truth. The fittest will survive. The best way to judge whether or not ishing side by side. We Christianity is really the fittest is to compare its salient characteristics with '.8. have not only the native those of the other three principal forms of religion in Japan. religion in the form of Shinto Shinto, but also the fuUy naturalized First, with reference to Shinto. Confucianism and the highly differen- This cult is the natural expression of the religious feeling of a simpletiated and improved Buddhism with its minded, primitive people who em- bodied those natural feelings in I3 principal sects or denominations.

Even Mohammedanism and Mormon- ism are said to have entered the country at times. With these forms of religion Christianity must live side by side, and its future depends solely upon its own merit to assimilate the

temples and festivities and gave the what would you say of a man 40 highest expression to hero worship and years old who still keeps up his youthardent loyalty to their ruler. It is ful fancies and considers and acts as simple and beautiful in many ways, tho his father were the greatest man just as are the psychical states of a boy in the world, thus failing to recognize twelve or thirteen years of age. It his duty to other men? rests upon simple trust in good human nature. However good Shinto may be, (c) Shinto stands for polytheism there are reasons why men of expe- which in Japan stands side by side with rience and hardened discipline fail to skepticism and religious indifference. credit to Shinto the possible dominance If you ask a Shinto priest how many in the future over the hearts of the gods there are he will with no hesita- Japanese people. These reasons are tion tell you in an orthodox fashion mainly three: that there are 8,000,000 of them, whether he really believes it or not. (a) Shinto has no system in its Plurality of weak and imperfect beings teaching. It is a mixture of many good means much. But when it is the quesbut crude ideas; it is a compound of tion of unification we want only one various untutored religious feelings. God, perfect in love and power and One can not point out one prominent wisdom. To have many tiny gods is cardinal doctrine by which others may just as bad as to have many women be unified or to which they may be controlling one family. A baby's dress, subordinated, or through which they however handsome and useful it may be interpreted. This kind of might have been in its day, can and naive unsystemized religious teaching shall no longer be used for a full and feeling, however they may com- grown man. mand the respect of an ordinary people, will not certainly satisfy the Confucianism highly educated and seriously minded. Second, Christianity should be com- (b) The most characteristic feature pared with Confucianism which has of Shinto, namely, intense patriotism, trained the Japanese people in its is certainly good, but it is a question moral life more than has any other whether it can be the basis of all single force. We owe it much. Its moral actions. Is patriotism as basal insistence on righteousness, its revas is righteousness or goodness in the erence for order in State and society, govern.ment of one's conduct? When and its emphasis on the sense of honor left loose and undisciplined it is apt to and on fidelity to friends is the crown become exclusive. It should be dis- of its teaching. Yet there are reasons ciplined before it can receive the high- why we can not think that Confucianesf dignity, or some other virtue should ism will be the ruling force among the take its place before a sound and well- Japanese people of the future. A balanced personality can be realized. feudal system is no longer the indis- It is all right for a boy of twelve to pensable form of social and political think that his father is the bravest of life. Feudalism stands on the basis of mankind and for him to be devoted to the relation of the ruler to the ruled. his father alone. It is more than right; In other words, it assumes a graded it is admirable and charming. But society. But there are many people

JAPAN TO BECOME A CHRISTIAN NATION?

besides soldiers. At least more than upon angels and witchcraft to carry half of the race require some humane on their business transactions. So treatment. Women and children, for some of the final conclusions of Bud- example, have some fine feelings dhism may be obliged to meet similar which no man can wisely ignore. fate. I need only state three reasons Furthermore, tho Confucianism is a to show how Buddhism will fail to be common-sense morality, teaching fair the supreme spiritual force in Japan.

and square dealings with every man, (a) It places insufficient insistence it, nevertheless, fails to meet the on the ethical life of man. Its insis- people's yearning after the eternal tence is rather centered in the effort values. Man is not satisfied by this to lead people away from illusion to world of light, color, sound, measure- insight, which consists in the belief ment and weight alone. This inability that not only the objects of sense and of Confucianism to satisfy the trans- the categories of understanding, but cendental element in human nature also the ideals of reason that have to will cause it to fail to control the do primarily with human will and de- Japanese people. sire, are all an illusion. In other words, Confucianism as an institution has its interest primarily is not so much already gone out of the life of the ethical as intellectual. Christianity, Japanese people. That is why many when negatively stated, aims to redeem consider it a sort of philosophy rather man from sin. Positively viewed it than a form of religion. The Japanese aims at the union of man with God government, in calling the convocation whose nature and being is interpreted of the ministers of three religions in in the terms of human personality.

February, 1912, did not include Con- Buddhism teaches ethics, but the chief fucianism. They did not recognize it interest is not there. Ideals and aspi- as an organization. rations as well as passions of hate, love, sorrow, joy, are illusions due to Buddbiam the wilful human nature and the work- Thirdly, as for Buddhism, historians ing of the Karma. Ordinary morals of religion agree that, next to Chris- can not easily be built upon this kind tianity, this is the most developed reli- of world view.

gion in the world. But it is quite dif- The positive side of Buddhism is to ferent from Christianity. Its final teach that beyond this illusive world conclusion in regard to the estimate there is a world of eternal light and of the-world and human life is quite joy. Yet Buddhism has not been very contrary to that arrived at by Chris- successful in teaching to common mor- tianity. The conclusions of Christian- tals the content of that light and joy.

ity are mainly positive, aggressive, Generally that belief is exprest in social; while those of Buddhism are terms of mystic obscurity which can mostly negative, contemplative, static not be translated into man's common and deeply pessimistic. Will sound- experience. Buddhism has been potent minded and well-balanced men in this in teaching the Japanese people the twentieth century take full interest in imperfections inherent in this world.

the Buddhistic point of view? The It has led many into the world of twentieth century no longer depends imagination and of art. It is, however,

this lack of zeal ami interest in the This poet lacks the vitality and tact common affairs of man and of the to produce it in practise. world that is bound to cause Buddhism to fail to be a supreme spiritual Christianity the Religion Eor Japan power in the· hearts of the Japanese people. Each of these three religions has .done much in leading the Japanese (b) Take again Buddhism's valua- people along moral and religious lines. tion to the individual, which is mini- Confucianism has played the part of mized in Shinto, and Confucianism as the giant in our ethical history. Budwell. In Buddhism the individual has dhism has been practically the sole no reality except as a model, accidental ruler in the religious sphere. Personbeing. He merges in the absolute and ally, I owe much to all three. It is not the whole. You can hardly find a difficult to find good things in any reliplace for him. In fact, the individual gion that has been devoutly believed in will is the root of evil according to the by a large number of people. Human Buddhistic view. So it can not meet nature is too good not to produce the need of the growing generation some good when a number of people that now seems to delight in the asser- devoutly bind themselves for some tion of its own will. common purpose, as in any religion. Yet what we want is not one that is ec) Again, there is the lack of vital- good here and another that is good there. We want the entire structure ity in Buddhism. The popular form good and sound. The chief question of this religion teaches the immortal- is whether any of the three religions ity of the soul not because the present above mentioned is able to meet the life on this earth is full of light and pressure of the twentieth century life life, but rather because it is altogether problems. Good tiles and good nails too unsatisfactory to meet the human in a decaying house will not save the need. So Buddhism's immortality is house. vVe need a strong structure, based on the pessimistic view of life. supported by steel and stone. It is Buddhism stands at present in the Christianity (a robust religion) alone popular mind for death rather than for that has the promise. Christianity has life. Buddhist temples are the edifices proved itself to be life and power. It for dead people. The chief business is able to meet the demands of the of the Buddhist priest is supposed to coming generation in Japan. Note consist in taking care of funeral ser- its adaptability to every circumstance. vices and the observance of the an- A religion that has passed through local niversaries of the dead. Most people restrictions and racial limitations and in Japan belong to the different Bud- yet has vitality enough to maintain its dhist denominations largely because main assertions, will always be supreme these care for the dead and will bury over the hearts of men. Both assimiwith honor and care for the graves. lation of the new forces and adapta- tion to the new circumstances are re- There is a lack of real life in the quisite for the future religion in Japan. effect of Buddhist teaching. If Shinto Christianity has manifested this power. She is not in her dotage as Buddhism may be compared to a boy of 13 and seems to be. She is too much alive, Confucianism to a soldier, Buddhism may be compared to a disappointed poet creating an ideal world in religion.

too plastic and vigorous to be killed sive of Korea and Formosa. While by any trouble that confronts her. the population of the Empire is be- tween 50,000,000 and 60,000,000, it is Nate, too, Chistianity's recognition increasing at the rate of 500,000 a of the value of the individual. God is year. There is only one Protestant thought of in the terms of a person. Christian among 700 people. Is not This means that according to Chris- the task laid before the Japanese Christianity, a person has in some sense the tians enormous indeed? I do not say highest value. The Christian sense of that it is unbearable, for God will never the value of the individual human order us to bear burdens that are really being is strong. This human self unbearable. Yet the struggle that the is interpreted in ethical terms. Chris- Japanese Christians have fo carryon tianity is not a shallow religion with a is tremendous in the face of the discheap Gospel and a skin-deep theology. parity between the Christian and non- She has tasted the deep human ex- Christian forces. The way open for periences; is convinced of the endur- Christians is not merely to increase the able value of the individual. There is number of nominal Christians, but also the social nature of Christianity. rather to raise up strong and well- It is an aggressive religion. It is a equipped, wide-awake Christian leadmissionary religion. The most charac- ers. In feudal times it was the half a teristic features of Christianity to be million forming the Samurai class that felt by non-Christians in a country guided the entire nation. So must it like Japan are the frequent meetings be with us in our policy of Christianthat are held in the Christian churches. izing the Japanese people. The task Christianity is an expanding religion. is laid upon us of training up strong Christians form companies and share ministers. Theological education, their troubles and joys together. In therefore, is an imperative need in this way the evils are lightened and the carrying out the plan of the Chrisjoy and strength of life doubled and tianization of the Japanese people. even trebled. All the best forces in Christian education has not kept pace man lightened and clearly known may with secular education. Tokyo Imbe assimilated and utilized in Chris- perial University spends every year tianity as they can not be in other $650,000 and the 'Kyoto Imperial Uniforms of religion. And it is because of versity spends nearly as much, while Christianity's strong social nature. a Christian University like the Christianity will win the hearts of the Doshisha, spends but little over Japanese people. It is the only religion $25,000. Christian theological educathat seems to have vitality enough to tion is neglected most. The School of meet the spiritual needs of the present Philosophy or Letters in the Imperial and coming generations. Ultimate University of Tokyo and Kyoto comvictory is sure. paring most closely to Christian theo- logical education, spends each year 18 Meanwhile, however, the task is to 20 times more than the Doshisha great. The burden laid on the compara- Theological School. Yet this and tively small number of Christians in other theological schools offer great Japan is enormous. At present there opportunities for training leaders in are not more than 80,000 Protestant communicants in Japan proper exclu-

great thought and life. The Japanese one-tenth of the amount is designated government expresses its good will for the training of ministers. An ad- toward Christianity, as to all other ditional sum has been subscribed to the religions, respecting and protecting the theological department by Christians Christian work. The mood of the in Japan.

people has changed in the past few Has Christianity any good prospect years from the materialistic to that of in Japan? Fortunately the Japanese a longing after the supersensuous and Christians come mostly from the mid- transcendental. Especially is this true dle classes and are far more influential among the youth of the land. The in proportion to their number than country is wide open. Christians have they would have been had they come fair play. The time is ripe for Chris- from the lower classes. Note what tianity to make an advance. Chris- influence Christianity has exercised in tians have come to feel the critical and changing the conceptions of God in imperative need of theological educa- the past 2S years in Japan. Examine tion. what power Christians have had along It was about half a century ago that philanthropic and social lines. Notice the first Protestant missionary landed what a mighty Gospel Christianity has in Japan. Ministers who first entered preached to the women. Yet after all the field are now about 60 years of is said about the worthy work that has age and they are dropping from the been done by Christians in Japan, the li~e one after another. Their succes- amount of work set before us is altosors must be raised somewhere. gether too great at present to be met Strong ministers can not be had merely adequately. Christianity will ultimatefor the praying. A strong ministry ly win the hearts of the Japanese can never be had without adequate people. Japanese soil is rich and open. theological education. The Doshisha God is the ruler of this world. The Trustees have decided to make a for- sound has its echo. The seed brings ward movement in the' equipment of forth its fruit and deeds of love will the theological department. The always call forth noble deeds in re- Japanese government has given its sponse. What Christians in England sanction to the Doshisha's plan for a University. The alumni of the Dosh- and America do and how they pray isha have pledged their Alma Mater will decidedly affect the work on the a contribution for this purpose and other side of the globe.

A UNION CHRISTIAN COLLEGE FOR JAPAN DUPLICATION of effort in a few tion as the nucleus of a future inter- missionary centers has been one denominational university. For the present the union school is carried cause of criticism at hnme. Another on at the Meiji Gakuin, in Shiba, and step toward union work in Asia is the the faculty includes teachers of the beginning of a Christian college con- Presbyterian Meiji Gakuin, of the ducted by Baptists and Presbyterians Tokyo Gakuin (Baptist), and of in Japan. The schools of these two the Japan Baptist Theological Semidenominations in Tokyo have united nary. their college work into one organiza-

CHANNING M. WILLIAMS, OF

CHRISTIAN, PIONEER, SPARTAN BY REV. WILLLUI ELLIOT GRIFFIS, D.D., L.H.D. Author of "Verbeck, of Japan," "Hepburn, of Japan," etc.

F t?e. four. great pioneer and, not least, the first missionaries on the grounds, Rev. John Liggins, in mO ~ mlSSlOnanes i nth e May; Rev. C. M. Williams, in July, . Japan of 1859, Chan- ning Moore 'iVi11iams made the longest record ~ of service. Three of them served in China, and in all they gave for Christ and humanity 14.2 years of missionary service, 125 of which were for Japan. But vVilliams, under God, led all, in his 61 years of consecrated service. Two, who came later in Japan have completed 50 years of toil. Dr. David Thompson and Dr.

James H. Ballagh still live in the har- ness.

Those were the days of very small things and of prodigious hard work.

Then, the Episcopal Church in Japan consisted of fewer churches than there are fingers on one hand. How different to-day is the "plant," with its cathe- dral, scores of churches, schools, hos- pitals and thousands of communicants! CHANNING MOORE WILLIAMS On my arrival home from Japan, Protestant Episcopal Bishop of Japan in 1874, I used to wonder at what seemed to me the strange indifference r859, and Bishop Sherehovsky, the of Episcopal churchmen to their mis- great translator, were all of this house- sion in Japan. I asked myself, "Do hold of faith.

they know what a noble representa- Later indeed, one or two helpers tive, even tho alone, they have on the came out from home, but, like Liggins, field? Are they blind to their oppor- were invalided and returned after a tunity? Have they forgotten how few months. The cry of Williams highly Providence has honored them for fellow laborers, continuing long, in making their church, in a three-fold was virtually unheeded tmtil' 187!.

sense, the pioneer in Japan?" Then, the lonely pioneer, having For behold the shining list! Com- wrought single-handed and with one modore M. C. Perry, in 1853; Town- brief vacation home in 1864, to be con- send Harris, in 1885, our first envoy; secrated as Bishop, toiled incessantly Rev. Dr. E. W. Syle, naval chaplain until 19IO, when mind and body failed, who, from the deck of the U. S. S. S. he laid down his arms, after 64 years Powhatan, in 1858, in writing home, of service as Christ's soldier, in China plead for the best men and material; 1.nd Japan.

Long will it be before Williams' wholly among those he came to save. name in the Mikado's Empire fades He needed no garb or class or token of away, for with Brown, Verbeck, and profession, to be recognized by the Hepburn, he is reckoned as one of the Mikado's subjects high and low. He "Seijin"-a title nobler far than a traveled in third dass cars, and put decoration of jewels can suggest. The up in cheap native inns, for he loved word is applied only to those who are the Japanese people; and, they quickly reckoned great and righteous beyond found it out. compare. To a name once set in this Hall of Fame, in which shine those of No wonder that "globe trotters" come back and say that they "see few A CONFERENCE: OF THE S. P. . E., C. M. s.~ AND AMERICAN EPISCOPAL MISSIONS IN JAPAN Bishop Williams is seated the second from the end at the reader's right Confucius, Iyeyasu, and Mutsuhito, evidences of Christianity in Japan"- which are names to the Japanese like so modest are the hundreds of church Moses, Columbus, and Lincoln, one edifices and so Spartan-like is the need no more add title or explanation, simplicity of many missionary lives. than to Isaiah, Shakespeare or Wash- Williams was deacon, presbyter, ington. That is what it means to a bishop, and again man in the ranks, or working pastor. He lived on Japanese, when he speaks of the four Japanese food, thriving on it until American "Seijin." 80 years of age. He rarely patronized foreign hotels, but lived a life of Williams, despite his patriarchal humility and simplicity. Why? In white beard, was unknown by face to order to save every coin possible to most foreigners in Japan, because this Christian Spartan spent his life almost

CHANNING M. WILLIAMS, OF JAPAN

give to the work. Having no wife or The maid, who brought his food and family, his living rooms, except for the waited on him, insisted among her photographs of the mission families, companions that this guest was no including always the children and ordinary person, but must be a man babies, were so simply furnished as of high distinction. Many a time was to suggest a barn, or a monastic cell. she laughed at for her earnestness, Yet he was hospitable, in the best because her guest's dress was very sense. A dinner in his rooms was an ordinary and his modest bearing was event to be remembered for its flow of vastly different from that of most soul. persons of importance. One day, how- ever, she saw in a native newspaper One guest tells the story of his the photograph of three of "Japan's warm welcome, when a newcomer.

THE GENERAL SYNOD OF IHE PROTESTANT EPISCOFAL CHURCH IN JAPAN (NIPPON SEIKOKWAI) MEETING IN TOKYO IN 1911 He was taken home by the Bishop, Seijin from America." Verbeck, went to bed and slept soundly. On Hepburn and Williams. Recognizing awakening in the morning, he found the face of her friend, she shouted for that he had occupied the only bed in delight, waved the paper triumphantly the house. His host, the bishop, had and stood incarnate as the spirit of "I slept like the Japanese on matting- told you so." covered floor, between two Japanese quilts. There are other ways of preaching the gospel than by word of mouth. "A city set on a hill can not be hid." Unconscious influence may be none From time to time, this tireless human the less potent than that felt, noticed, pendulum vibrated between his house or measured. at Osaka and his work in Kyoto. He put up occasionally at a certain Japa- "Nor, knowest thou what argument nese inn, obscure, cheap, and clean. Thy life to thy neighbor's creed hath lent."

Once a native village physician, his own testimony, given years aftervisiting a friend in Tokyo, heard that ward, he dated his conversion from there was to be a Christian festival in his first sight of Bishop Williams. the neighborhood. Interested to see one and learn what the new religion If Christianity, in one of its myriad might be, he went early and stood be- phases, be "a glorified childhood," fore the beautiful Holy Trinity Bishop Williams exemplified it, Church-which we know was reared tho in doing it he lengthened mainly through the prayers, toils and the year limit of the Japanese gifts of Bishop Williams. It happened proverb,-"The sage (Sei-jin) keeps to be Christmas Day, and the rain was the child's heart until he is 60" faIling heavily. The approach of a -by at least 20 years. With Christlong train of jin-riki-shas, filled with like wisdom, he rightly appraised theIr children, coming toward the church, spiritual value, as dearly as he loved, apparently as happy as they could be, the children. To-day the Episcopal attracted his attention. He noticed Church in Japan owes much of its alongside of them "an old foreigner," strength to this trait of the Bishop, walking and talking to the children as fulfilling the promise of Psalm xcii: tho he were just about their age. He 13, 14. In place of the loaves and had an umbrella raised and the rain fishes, he carried in his pocket a favorwas pouring from it, but so eager was ite sort of Japanese candy to delight he in his chat with the children, that the little folks. Then he enjoyed seehe seemed to have forgotten any dis- ing their faces illuminated with smiles. comfort from the weather. Evidently the old man had given up riding in his Few preachers in Japan could hold vehicle, to enable two more little folks an audience of young persons, and to ride. As they came into the church, transform their lives as could Bishop "the old foreigner," still in the midst Williams. A native auditor, now himof them, joined his laughter with self an eloquent minister of the gospel theirs, until within the inner doors. and potent with voice and pen, says, Then, all was quiet. After robing, he "To him it was as if God were always spoke on the grace of humility, to a present before him. When in the pulhushed audience. pit . . . how his fingers trembled, his silvery white beard shook, how Now this mature listener and edu- much power and dignity there cated man had read much in the clas- was in his voice . . . Every word sics about humility, but here was a and act was a real prayer." teacher who embodied the grace itself. Pondering on the theme and its new Even the dumb creatures rejoiced exemplar, and recalling the proud, when he was near. "Our little consequential exteriors of government brothers of the air" knew and loved officers and high ecclesiastics, he said him. They came daily to his window to himself, "If this be Christian humil- and fed from his hand. No Noah, or ity, then Christianity must be the true Elijah, or temple worshiper offering religion." Soon after, this keen ob- the ritual doves, felt more deeply with server became a member of the the creatures whom Jesus told His Church of Christ, and, according to disciples to behold and consider. How tenderly pathetic, it seemed to those left behind, that after the good bishop

CHANNING M. WILLIAMS, OF

had passed away, the little birds came envoy, Robert Edmunds, to Asia. This daily for months to the window, ex- was when our flag had but half the pecting to meet the open hand and number of stars which it bears in its wondered why no food was there. blue field to-day. At 20, he entered Yes, even the birds mourned him. the College of William and Mary, at Williamsburg, Va. It was during his Let us look at that beautiful life, so college course that President Fillcomparatively eventless, so intent, so more's expedition to Japan was sent without fame or observation, yet so out, under Perry, and came back fruitful. Congregations abound, peacefully victorious. After · two which he gathered and nourished.

A CHnI STIAN LECTURE I N THE OLD ASSEMB LY H ALL) ST. MAR GAR ET'S INSTITUTE The principal is on the platform. The whole school meets once a 'weck for Christian talks. All come,. altho attendance is v oluntal"Y.

Since 1866, the date of his first bap- years spent in the theological seminary tism of a convert, hundreds, perhaps of Virginia he was ordained deacon thousands of souls have hailed him in July 1st, and appointed missionary to life as their father in God, and China, sailing November 30th. The churches, schools and hospitals stand voyage, via Sydney, lasting 210 days, where he wrought. ended June 28, 1856.

Channing Moore Williams was born Immediately att!l-cking the Chinese in the city of Richmond, Va., J11ly IS, language, he secured a basis of 1829, under the Presidency of Andrew scholarship in "Japan's Latin," which Jackson, who sent the first American enabled him, in later years, to trans-

late into the insular language the time to time, glittered in the sunlight. grand cadences of the Book of Com- At first, nothing could be done in mon Prayer. It is hard to conceive of anyone becoming a scholar in the the way of teaching, preaching or written language of Japan, who has propaganda; so, at the language, withnot had a good grounding in Chinese. out help of grammar or dictionary he In 1857, he was advanced to the went. While patiently toiling in the priesthood in the mission chapel at caissons and crypts of preparation, Williams heeded the call of the ST. JOHN'S CHURCH, KYOTO, JAPAN foreigners at Nagasaki and began di- vine service. In I863, they built a Consecrated, May 16, 1907 church edifice, the first of Protestant Christianity in Japan. Not until Feb- Shanghai, by the Rev. Dr. Boone and ruary, 1866, did he have the joy of for two years more labored devotedly baptizing his initial Christian convert, in the gospel. Shiyomura.

Ordered by the Missionary Com- Bishop Boone of China having died, mittee in New York to go to Japan, the General Convention in 1865 elected Williams obtained passage in an Mr. Williams as missionary bishop of American war vessel, in June, 1859. China and Japan. Obedient ,to the The tradition is that he made friends call, he returned to America, and in of all on board, from the Captain to old St. John's chapel, in New York, the cooks. When he set foot on the on October 3, 1866, under the hands of soil, at Nagasaki, the anti-Christian Bishops Hopkins, Lee, Johns, Payne, edicts hung on the notice board all Whipple, and Potter, received formal around him. The wooden tablets consecration to his new office. Rewere weather-beaten and in some cases turning to China in 1868, he began the almost rotted by age, but the thick, labors of the episcopate over a vast black, glossy ink, freshly applied, from territory, which to-day is divided into four districts, each with its bishop. Later he returned to Japan and made Osaka the See city. Being relieved of the oversight of China in 1874, his title was Missionary Bishop of Yedo.

I knew him best and saw him often- est between 1872 and 1874. I remem- ber, as he joined with uS,-a handful of missionaries and Christian people -that, tho then not much over 40, he seemed to me, about the eyes, like an old man-from his long study over Chinese characters and Japanese books. But when he moved about, his vigor and spryness were apparent to all. We knew no denominations or partition walls in those days, when no churches existed and persecution was

CHANNING M. WILLIAMS, OF

still the rule. Swords were every- translations of portions of the Bible where worn and the century-long and Prayer Book, and established the legacy of hatred of Christianity made First Episcopal School for Boys. In the life of a convert a very uncertain 1873, the anti-Christian edicts disapasset. peared like Arab's tents. The bishop's eyes twinkled. We all rejoiced. What There were stars yet to shine in his yesterday had caused the Japanese to crown of rejoicing, but the situation shiver, was now a theme for happy was at that time very nebulous. How- jest and made them very approachable ever, a handful of converts had been by the Christian teacher. gathered in Yokohama, the Mikado A GRADUATING CLASS OF ST. PAUL?S COLLEGE, TOKYO Five of these young men were candidates for the Christian ministry. Great things were expected of this class of young men.

had officially accepted a copy of the Signs of promise and progress be- English Bible, the English Church gan to appear and to multiply. The Missionary Society had broken reapers soon trod in the steps of the ground, and in 1870 the first confirma- sowers. In 1874, St. Paul's School tion had taken place, when four Japa- was founded in Tokyo and Dr. Lannese Christians had the hands of the ning's dispensary, lattr to become a bishop laid on their heads. No time hospital, was begun in Osaka. St. was ever lost, whether success or fail- Agnes' School for Girls was opened in ure seemed the issue of the hour, for the same great commercial city, and in the busy veteran brought out tentative 1877 St. Margaret's School began in

Tokyo. Now, there was for the give his all to the work. Under Bishop the care, not only of individuals Bishops McKim and Partridge, he but of churches, so that in 1887, while served right loyally during 20 years the walls of Holy Trinity Church in more and Japan knew no more de- Tokyo were rising, the English and voted worker for Christ. – Amerian Episcopalians uniting, there was formed the Nippon Sei Ko Kwai, At 8r, after weeping that he must or Holy Catholic Church in Japan. leave his work, because of failing Two years later, Holy Trinity church powers and from sheer inability to edifice was completed and consecrated. labor longer, and yearning to die in The Empire knows no finer schools Japan and leave his body to mingle than those of the Episcopalians in with the soil he loved, he yet decided Tokyo. to go home. He hoped thus to make room for one more missionary, who "Blessed is the man that has found should come out in youth and strength. his work. Let him ask no other blessedness," wrote Carlyle. Bishop Wil- V'hen at home so great was the liams saw that, for and by him, inten- contrast between the comforts prosive cultivation was best, rather than vided by loving hands, and his selfsuperintendence, and so he resigned chosen ascetic rigors of life in Japan, his bishopric. All agree that this that, as his mind failed, he imagined man's finest powers were with individ- himself dwelling in the Imperial Paluals. His own plea was also, for a ace at Kyoto. Even with waning conyounger man, for he was then 60 years sciousness, he could not forget Japan, old. His also was true mission-craft. the land of his love. He hoped, by such action, to stir up the church at home. Yet for four A Japanese Christian pastor, who years, the office remained vacant, tho loved "the good old Bishop," as father Bishop Hare, of South Dakota, visited and friend, voiced Japan's sorrow: the field and made confirmations. In 1891, the number of communicants "Oh land of Japan, I grieve that thou art denied the honor of giving a was 4,000. small corner as the resting place of this Meanwhile the bishop, who had great saint, your firm friend. But when we think that his spiritual instept back into the ranks, did not fluence will live forever, in many souls, for a moment intermit his labors as and be borne on to future generations, preacher, pastor, teacher, and trans- thy sons rejoice that thou hast an enlator. He traveled in third class cars during monument of Bishop Williams and lived frugally, so that he might more glorious than chiselled marble."

A JAPANESE CHRISTIAN

Among non-Christians there is no true family life as Christian5 understand it THE KUMAMOTO BAND IN RETROSPECT A CHAPTER IN THE HISTORY OF CHRISTIANITY IN JAPAN BY KOZAKI KIRMICHI,* TOKYO, JAPAN J£U ]NDER the influence of the following conclusions: "We must Captain ] anes, a n have strong men. Vve can get them American teacher in only through education and that of the Kumamoto school, the Western type. We will, therefore, a group of 35 young build a school." men students assembled on the Hanaoka hill overlooking the Everybody in the city was on the city, to organize and pledge themselves qui vive to know what the institution to work for Christ and their country. would be like. As it happened, cir- This was called the 'Kumamoto Band. cumstances favored the project, for a few years before, the famous Yokoi In 1868 the Daimiate of Kumamoto, (Shonan) had, after consultation with tho hitherto second only to its neigh- the almost equally famous Katsu, conbor, Kagashima, in influence, unfor- trived to send his two nephews, Satunately incurred the displeasure of heida and Takei, to a naval school in the central government and fell into the United States. In 1869, Takei disgrace. Determined to regain their was obliged to return home on account position, the wise men of the Daimiate of weak lungs, and hearing of his put their heads together and came to return, the Kumamoto Daimyo sum- * Translated freely into English by H. Pedley.

maned him to a council and earnestly in their reading of the Confucian ciassought his advice in regard to the pro- sics, while Mr. Yokoi decided as to the posed school. He told the council that quality of voice. The announcement the first thing that should be done was of these tests aroused no little indigto secure a competent teacher from nation, for it was accompanied with a abroad, one to whom should be given rumor that only good-looking youths the sole charge of the institution, and would be accepted. I took the examisuggested that Dr. Verbeck of Naga- nation with but little hope of passing, saki be consulted. for, in spite of a fair knowledge of the classics, I was halting in my speech, A letter was accordingly sent re- and my voice was far from good. questing Verbeck to secure a teacher With me in the examination was anof samurai rank, as neither a farmer other boy who seemed to have just the nor a merchant would be tolerated! proper requirements, for he read well, In his reply Dr. Verbeck regretted and in clear and distinct tones. Judge that there was no samurai class in the of my surprize then, when it was made United States, but recommended a known that he had failed while I had military man as a substitute. This passed. Afterward I learned that I was approved, and the negotiations had had a friend at court-the teacher were turned over to the Secretary of of Chinese-who had put in a good the Reformed Dutch Church in New word for me on the ground that York. Henry Scudder, the well-known altho not gifted in speech I had other missionary to India, was in the city at qualities that entitled me to admission. the time, and hearing of the need in Kumamoto, suggested his son-in-law, We entered the school to find that L. L. Janes, recently graduated from Captain Janes was practically the West Point. Dr. Verbeck favored the whole institution, altho nominally in candidate, but as the latter had just charge of the curriculum and boarding been appointed to garrison duty in department only. A graduate of West Alaska-newly acquired from Russia Point, his regime was from first to -it was necessary for him to have last military. Smoking and drinking his appointment cancelled by the were forbidden and punctuality was military authorities. His request for strictly enforced. The rising hour this was granted and with his wife he was six A.M., no later, no earlier, and arrived in Japan in the summer of when the bell sounded every student was required to bound from his bed. 1871• At seven, all filed into the dining room The choice of students for the new and breakfast was begun and ended together. Gymnastics followed, then school was a problem, as under the the regular school routine from eight feudal system not more than 50 could to twelve, and from one to four, Capbe chosen annually from each Dai- tain Janes never spared himself during miate, and there were more than 500 these hours. Every night the roll was clamoring for admission. The en- called, and by ten o'clock every boy trance examination was unique. A was in bed. Everything was done at good voice, together with fluency in the ringing of a bell, and wo betide reading, was deemed essential for the the tardy student. West Point was in study of English, so the teacher of Chinese was requested to test the boys

KUMAMOTO BAND IN

evidence everywhere and as I think of us into a saner condition of mind.

it now every day was fulI of interest He gave us an idea of world politics for us. and pointed out the evils of clan Moral education was on an entirely government, the need of its abolition, different basis. The concrete or scien- and of our working for a united tific studies were under the supervision country. These thoughts changed the of Captain Janes, but the 'abstract current of enthusiasm and ere long branches-ethics, etc., were, by the ex- we were going through the community press orders of the' Daimiate, to be talking of world current£, abolition of taught on the basis of Confucianism. the clan system, a united nation, etc., Every Sunday was devoted to the and all the time getting well laughed study of the Chinese classics, under a at for our pains.

Mr. Takezaki, pupil of the famous Then, seeing that we were running Yokoi (shonan), and thus in parallel wild again, Captain Janes took another lines, as it were, Oriental ethics and tack and called our attention to indus- Occidental science moved along to- trial pursuits. What Japan needed, gether. Captain Janes was troubled he said, was captains of industry over this division of the physical and rather than politicians who were at spiritual, but was apparently helpless. best little more than a necessary evi1.

The odds were against him. The pu- I f we would do the best thing for our pils of the school had been brought country we would fit ourselves to be up to regard Christianity as one of industrial leaders, encouraging the in- these heresies not worth troubling crease of wealth, and thus laying the about, and that while the West was foundation of a strong army of de- advanced in things scientific, in morals fense. Then he clinched his advice and religion she was but a babe in by glowing reports of the shipbuilding comparision with the East. Then and manufacturing industries of again, Yokoi Takei, who, in spite of America. We were carried away by his six years in America, seemed ab- this suggestion and ere long each one solutely ignorant of Christianity, was of us had made choice of his future fond of telling the boys that the latter occupation. Ichihars chose medicine, was a religion for know-nothings, and Yokoi the navy, Kanamori shipbuild- below the dignity of a samurai. Thus ing, and I machinery. As I think of from the very beginning we despised it now these choices were the first the religion of Jesus. steps along the path that was surely From the time of entering t~le leading us to Christ.

school, all the students were ambitious Later on the Captain talked to us to become officials, and the official air on higher themes. He told us that was in evidence everywhere, even in material civilization was al1 right in its the small boys of fifteen or sixteen. way and necessary, but of vastly great- Discussions on the political situation of er importance was the cultivation of the day were long and fierce, a punitive character. Without that the strongest expedition to Korea being one of the nation must go down. A nation was topics that excited great interest. Cap- great only as its individual citizens tain Janes, worried over the turn were morally strong. England stood things were taking, did his best to lead in the foremost rank because of her

famous men, and Switzerland, altho were missing a treat. Ere long the the smallest country in Europe, main- Captain opened up a preaching service tained its independence through the on Sundays, and from week to week integrity and ability of its citizens. the attendence increased. Then I be- Education and religion, he said, lay at gan to hear from Miyagawa, Ichihaha, the very heart of a nation's greatness. Ebina and others that while the It is easy to imagine how this kind of Chinese teacher's exposition of Con- talk took hold of us and fired our fucianism was good, Janes' teaching imaginations. Our industrial castles of the Bible was in a class by itself.

faded out of sight, and we became One day a number of the fellows enamoured of education. Religion dragged me unwillingly to the Bible had so far been at a discount with us Class, and Captain Janes was so over- but some of the boys resolved to inves- joyed that he mentioned me by tigate it, so they asked the Captain to name in his prayer. To say that I was teach them the English Bible. He angry gives but a faint idea of my consented and from that time on every feelings. I glared at him as he prayed Wednesday night was set apart for and muttered under my breath- Bible study. "Well, you have cheek." A moment One of my companions tried to in- later, to my amazement the tears be- duce me to join the class on the gan to rain down the Captain's face.

ground that as Christianity was the I was moved more than I cared to ac- basis of Western civilization it ought knowledge, for altho knowing nothing to be studied. I flatly refused, how- of and having no use for Christianity, ever, for as a Confucianist I had been I realized that this man was desper- taught that heresy of any kind was ately in earnest.

beneath my notice. Another came In the fall of I875, I4 or IS students to urge that the class would give so made profession of their faith and at much additional English, and besides once began to evangelize others. I assist so greatly in the study of English continued firm in my opposition, how- literature, that all ought to join, but ever, for I felt that it was rank super- again I refused, saying that no one stition to think of God as talking to trained as I had been could possibly man, and that there was neither sense think of studying sacred writings with nor reason in religion. The new con- a view to self-interest. verts entered upon a course in Chris- Thus I continued strong in my op- tian evidences with the Captain, and in position, but in the meantime the class the discussions that followed between continued to grow. The students real- them and me, I found myself gradually ized their obligation to the Captain, worsted, and finally came to the point who had acceded to their request pure- where I realized that they had laid ly out of good will and they deter- hold of certain truths of which I was mined to make the class a success. entirely ignorant. Compelled in sheer Soon it began to be spread abroad that self-defense to study for myself, I Christianity might be of little account, pored over Bushnell's "Natural and but Bible study was certainly interest- Supernatural" and found the argument ing. A little later it was said that so convincing that I simply had to those who did not attend the class give up my former loose and rambling

KUMAMOTO BAND IN RETROSPECT

style of argument. Then I was indeed to throw in my lot with the others, but in a sad plight. I swore never to give my only reply was, "It is all right to in. Defeat was not to be even thought make a study of Christianity, but of, so I went to the Captain and asked as for becoming a Christian, nothing him to lend me some books opposed to of that kind for me. I decline, out and Christianity. He hadn't any, so I was out, to become one of the band." at the point of despair. Just then I recollected reading somewhere that The 30th of January arrived and on Herbert Spencer could give me the that day, 1876, 35 students pledged help I needed, so I resolved then and themselves to the propagation of there to utilize the first opportunity of Christianity in Japan, and affixed their going abroad and sitting at his feet. names and seals to the following docu- ment: The upshot of it all was that the strain became too great and I took to "Our eyes have been opened by the my bed, sick in body and in mind. study of Christianity, and along with Then the boys began to come around, increasing admiration and gratitude for ostensibly to inquire after my health, this teaching, we strDngly desire that it but really to convert me. They gave may be proclaimed over the whole Emme not a moment's peace. They would pire in order to dispel the ignorance of sit by my bedside and say, "Kozaki, if the people. The latter have no idea of you don't believe in Christianity you its beautiful content; they are steeped will go straight to perdition" and I in prejudice and worn-out ideas. It is, would snap back at them, "Just as therefore, our bounden duty as patriots soon go to perdition as not." to espouse with enthusiasm the cause of Christianity, and in nD uncertain terms Gradually Christianity took posses- make known its fairness and impartialsion of the school. On Sundays over ity. For this purpose, then, we have asroo attended service, leaving not more sembled on Hanaoka, and we henceforth than ten or a dozen in the dormitory. dedicate ourselves to the above cause, In the course of time, Miyagawa and and assent to the fonowing articles: Ebina began to substitute for Captain Janes in Bible class work. Prayer "1. All who have embraced the Chrismeetings here and Bible classes there tian faith are to be brotherly in their rekept the boys busy. Sometimes the lations to one another, free to admonish, prayer meeting continued till daybreak, ready to cooperate, and by forsaking evil and some of the students made a prac- and turning to the good, carry out in tise of rising at midnight to discipline practise the faith they profess. themselves by splashing themselves with ice-cold water. Study was "2. Those who, having once embraced thrown to the winds even when exami- this faith, fail to realize it in practise, nations were near. The days were are guilty of deceiving both themselves given to prayer and the Bible. The and Heaven above, and are certain to be climax came with the resolve to repair punished by the latter for their sin. to Hanaoka hill on January 30th and there organize into a band pledged to "3. Since at the present time the mawork for the spiritual interests of jority of our people are opposed to Japan. From all sides I was besieged Christianity, the lapse from faith of even one of our number not only invites the scorn of the multitude, but frustrates the very purpose for which we are banded together. How great need there is, then, of caution and perseverance."

"Signed,"

Sunday, January 30, 1876.

Among the 35 who signed the above one who was impartial, I used my inpledge there were not a few who to- fluence in the interests of peace. Fiday occupy prominent positions in nally Yokoi was locked up at home and Japan. Among these may be men- forbidden to go outside on any tioned Kurahara, Ikwaku (prominent account. in politics) ; Kanamori Tsurin (Government agent in the promotion Tokutomi was called to strict acof national thrift); Ebina Danjo count oy his father, who told him that (well-known pastor, preacher, and under no circumstances would Chrisauthor); Yokoi Tokio (author and tianity be tolerated, every religious ex-M. P.); Tokutomi Iichiro (editor book he owned was burned, and he of Nation and member of House of was repeatedly reprimanded. No Peers); Ukita Wamin (editor of the wonder the poor lad, who was not Sun and professor in Waseda Uni- more than 13 or 14, had for a time to versity) ; and Ichihara Seiko (manager bow his head and submit to the ineviof the Bank of Japan in Korea). table. Kanamori, summoned into the presence of the professor of Chinese, The members of the band were soon who was his relative, had emptied upmade to realize that they were not to es- on his devoted head the vials of the cape persecution, and that by their ac- latter's wrath. He was denounced as tion they had already stirred up a hor- a traitor to the sages whose learning net's nest in Kumamoto. A rumor was he had imbibed, and was otherwise circulated to the effect that the young abused. Listening patiently to the end, men were planning the overthrow of he ventured to raise his head and mildthe Emperor, and the setting-up of a ly ask: "Teacher, have you ever read republic. Regarding Christianity as the Bible?" and was met with the consynonymous with the hated repub- temptuous retort: "Why should I read licanism, the indignation of all patriots such rubbish?" To this Kanamori at the rumor knew no bounds. Parents replied: "Is it fair to denounce Chrisgasped in amazement when they heard tianity without having looked at the of the famous pledge and summoned Bible? Is this not opposed to those their boys home. Confusion became foundation principles of investigation worse confounded, baffling all descrip- which you have always urged so tion by either tongue or pen. Men in strongly upon your pupils?" Struck high places strained every nerve in as it were by a bolt from the blue, the opposition to the band, and in the case enraged professor could only exclaim of Yokoi Tokoi, son of the famous in his wrath: "You fool!" and send Shonan, his friends and relatives him out of his presence. Argument worked themselves up into a perfect failing, violence was resorted to and, frenzy at the disgrace involved in the like Yokoi, Kanamori was put in soliyoung man's decision. The fathers. of tary confinement and fed upon three the city came to him and used evety little rice-balls a day. Miyagawa and form of persuasion to induce him to Ichihara were carried off by their parrecant, but to one and all he turned a ents to their home at the foot of the deaf ear. Finally his mother threat- volcano Aso and were kept under ened to destroy herself if he persisted, strict surveillance. but even this failed to move him. As During this excitement, the foreign

KUMAMOTO BAND IN

school virtually took a holiday. Altho terness of the prospect before him, and one whole class was put in solitary declared he was ready to die rather confinement, the fiery hand of the op- than live on as at present. I was pressor was not yet stayed. Realizing astonished enough to hear him go on that violence might frustrate their like this, and finally, after repeated purpose, some resorted to argument, remonstrances I succeeded in persuadbut in almost every case they met with ing him to give up that idea and to defeat, and in consequence raged more accompany me into the country. I did fiercely than: ever. At that time I not spare myse1 f for those Christian certainly was no Christian, for it boys, altho as yet I had not become one seemed to me absurd that God should of their number. appear in the form of man, sending His son to earth, and that Jesus should One day in March, 1876, I attended die on the cross. On the other hand, Captain Janes' Bible Class and after I did not openly oppose the new faith, it was over he said to me, "You have. and it seemed to me the extreme of been looking into this matter a good high-handedness on the part of rela- while; haven't you yet made up your tives to crush out freedom of religious mind to become a Christian?" I rebelief, when such freedom was the plied as usual, "None of that for me, birthright of every individual. Ac- thank you." Then he talked to me for cordingly, my sympathies went out to a long time about the cross of Christ, the persecuted students, and I am com- but .my only answer was, "I haven't pelled to believe that this was another the slightest idea of what you are step in the direction of my becoming driving at." Then he expatiated at a Christian. "The blood of the mar- length on that passage in 1 Cor. 2:11 : tyrs is the seed of the church," and in "For who among men knoweth the proportion as the persecution became things of a man save the spirit of the vigorous, chivalrous spirits in the com- man which is in him? Even so the munity were led to take up the cause things of God none knoweth save the of the opprest. spirit of God." He afterward prayed earnestly on my behalf. The spiritual Strange to say, my house became the uplift of that hour left an indelible meeting-place of the Christians. impression upon me and I felt the Known to be a non-Christian, 1 wa,; awakening of soul within me to be above suspicion, so the boys came and near. Often I engaged in prayer, and went freely. Then I became involved then at last the light broke in upon me. with 'Kanamori. He had been a long I was the last one to join the band, and time in confinement, had no books to Ebina Danjo more than to anyone else read, in fact had no resource but am I indebted for his efforts in bringprayer, so I determined to rescue him. ing me into the fold. One night I secretly got him away from his house and took him to the ;fhen it was noised abroad that bank of a small stream nearby. It Christianity had gained a foothold in was pitch dark, a dreary rain was fall- Kumamoto, missionary Stout, of the ing, and Kanamori had about reached Dutch Reformed Church, together the limit of endurance. He lamented with Pastor Segawa, came from Nahis hard fortune, sighed over the bit- gasaki to conduct services in our city. Since these men had been introduced

by Dr. Verbeck, the natural thing for without any hesitation. We desired us would have been to receive baptism very much to be baptized by Captain from Mr. Stout, but turning our backs Janes, and to be sure that he was mak- upon him we finally arrived at the ing no mistake, the latter wrote to his Doshisha. The reason for this lay in friend Davis and received a reply that the contrast between the personalities in special circumstances, the adminis- of Verbeck and Stout. The latter tration of the ordinances by a layman stood for the widest freedom in mat- was quite valid. Thus on April 4, ters of faith, lectured to his pupils on 1876, the members of the band were higher critical lines, when dealing with baptized by the Captain, and after- the Old Testament, and in general in- ward all partook together of the com- troduced us to the new thought of the munion. At that time we innocently West. He ridiculed scholasticism, was thought that any Christian could ad- an ardent admirer of Henry Ward minister the ordinances, but later we- Beecher, took especial delight in read- caused a pretty row in the Doshisha ing the Christian, Union and Bush- by our disregard of the practises in nell's words, and on the whole was vogue at that institution. We met looked upon as having heretical ten- regularly on January 30 of each year dencies. On the other hand, Verbeck to celebrate the Hanaoka covenant, and was gentle in nature and accessible to at the same time observed the com- all. The two men 'were thus antipodal munion at the close of the service. The in their mental and moral makeup, teachers of the Doshisha protested and as we had been brought up under strongly much to our astonishment, Captain Janes, we did not easily be- and Dr. Davis was called in to mediate.

come intimate with the man who came He was in exceedingly hot water be- as Dr. Verbeck's substitute. cause of his letter to Janes on the sub- At that time an Episcopal clergy- ject, but he explained to us that in a man named Oudray, came to Kumam- place where there was no ordained oto, and he was of the sectarian, intol- man, a layman might officiate, but as erant type. To our faces he said: there were many ordained men in Ky- "To become Christians you must be oto, the proper thing was to ask one baptized, according to the mode of of them to officiate. This view of the our church. There are many so-called matter was new to us and we accepted churches in the world but ours is the it, altho unable to comprehend its ne- only true fold. All others are false." cessity. As I think of it now, those We were filled with resentment and were indeed days of happy ignorance Miyagawa even went so far as to en- on our part.

gage in a fierce war of words with In June, I~76, the Kumamoto for- him. Before this, in 1874, Neesima eign school was closed for two rea- had returned from America, and in sons: (I) because it had become Chris- the following year, the Doshisha was tian, and (2) because Captain Janes'

founded. Captain Janes held both term of service had expired and a Neesima and Dr. Davis in high esteem number of middle schools had been and often spoke to us about them, started, thus obviating the necessity of saying that they were men under continuing ours. Thus the majority whom we might continue our studies of the graduates of 1875 and 1876-

I BECAME A

about 40 in all-found the way opened and regulations were drawn up, the for them to go to the Doshisha. Up to use of tobacco and liquor was prothat time, those students who had been hibited, other abuses were rectified and closely confined in their homes were the whole atmosphere of the school not a few. Yokoi barely secured per- was made over. In addition to this, mission to graduate with his class, and Kurahara and Ichihara organized Kanamora was in worse condition still. temperance and anti-tobacco societies. It is not to be supposed that as a band Severe penalties were also laid upon the 40 stndents attended the Doshisha. idle and vicious students. Thus, with They arrived there in groups of two the lapse of time, the Doshisha began and three, and mutual was the surprize to look like a genuine school, estabwhen all were assembled. We had be- lished on principle. In the summer of come acquainted with the train through 1879, IS members of the band were the reading of one of Mr. Fukuzawa's graduated. Kanamori went to Okabooks-"World Achievements"-and yama, Yokoi to Imabari, Ebina to Anboarded it with trepidation at Kobe. naka, Ukita to Osaka, and all engaged We had not much more than taken our in either religious or educational work. seats when the next station, Sumiyoshi, At the request of Yamazaki, now dead, was reached. Ishihara, who evidently I arranged to go to his home, thought he was on a fast express, Mizusawa, for evangelistic work, but imagined we had arrived at Kyoto, so circumstances combined to alter my he called out excitedly, "This is Kyoto, purpose, and I went instead to Tokyo pile out, boys, quick!" There was a to assist in the work of the Congregageneral rush to the platform, where we tional churches. discovered our mistake and returned shamefacedly to our seats. We were The influence of the Kumamoto certainly a happy-go-lucky lot. band upon the Kumiai (Congrega- tional) body was very great. If that The views of the band as set forth body has seemed to make especially in a letter to the authorities of the rapid progress, it has been due in large school were acted upon, and after the measure to the services of that first manner of the 'Kumamoto school, rules group of graduates.

HOW I BECAME A CHRISTIAN BY MASIH PARSHAD/ OF INDIA ~I T has become a fashion such a view. This is undoubtedly an with non-Christians, es- age when the Arya Samaj and other pecially i:n India, to at- reform movements have taken up the tribute ignoble motives cudgels on behalf of Hinduism, and to anyone who enters when Mohammedanism has contrived the fold of Christianity. to get rid of many of the most glar- In their estimation, an honest con- ing defects which v. ere repugnant to vert is extremely rare, but the writer the conscience. But reformed Hinbelieves that his life gives the lie to duism has been powerless to check • The auth()r of this article is a young man who was baptized by Re,. A. T. Cape.

the growing influence of our Lord ary Society, whose kind treatment and Savior upon the educated classes can be well exprest in the words, "1 in India. was a stranger and he took me in."

I was born in 1885, of a res!.Ject – He introduced me to Rev. A. T.

~ble parentage, in the village of Sa Cape, of the Vesleyan Mission, Be- gri, Ramalpindi district, Punjab. My nares, now stationed at Jubbulpore, grandfather, Meleta Wazir Chand, and after a careful examination of was an extra assistant commissionier, my case, he decided to baptize me.

and was highly respected by the local Since that time our friendship has government officials. He left three grown into relationship, and 1 feel sons heirs to an enormous landed toward him as toward a father. He property. Of these, one is practis- has spared no pains to help me on ing as a lawyer in Ramalpindi, the in the struggling career which falls I>econd is a grad1late and a clerk in to the lot of every convert. He is the civil court of the district judge, my friend, philosopher, and guide.

and the third, my father, is the head- After baptism I was literally flooded master of the Government SchOOl, with letters urging me to recant. My Gujarkhan District, R.unalpindi. friends and relatives appealed to me was brought up in an atmosphere in the name of that sacred word pa- surcharged with Arya ideas, and had, triotism, as tho Christianity and love naturally, a great liking for boob of for one's country were mutually ex- a controversial nature. Such readLlg clusive. But my attitude as a 01ris- led to doubt and skepticism. But tian toward the national movement (God be thanked), the study of com- was even worthy of their admiration.

parative religions, personal touch with· At last they chose a more subtle in- those who represent Christ in India strument for the purpose of winning (notably, the Rev. J. H. Martin), im- me back. They tried to play upon prest me greatly, and 1 was forced my most tender sentiments by ask- to admit the uniqueness of Christ's ing me to come back for the Rake message. My three years' study in of my mother, whose hopes were the Gordon Mission College, Ramal- centered on me, and who was sure pindi, is mainly responsible for my to receive a rude awakening from her conversion. Many times I felt 1 fond dreams, as the result of my ec- was being drawn toward the Master, centricity, as they called it. But it but I tried to resist, because I feared was all in vain. By God's help, I lest my openly embracing Christian- remained true to my colors. I am ity might lead to disastrous conse- now studying in the Allahabad Chris- quences. My parents' threats and tian College, and the people at the my claim to ancestral property jumna have influenced me much by weighed heavily with me. But God their Christian lives. I feel proud fulfils His purpose in many ways. At and think it a privilege to be a stu- last I made up my mind that I could dent of that flourishing institution, disregard my conscience no longer, the jumna college. May God help and I decided for Christ. I went t6 me in my Christian life, that the fu- Benares and happened to meet Rev. ture may see in me a worthy disciple W. Cutting, of the London Mission- of a worthy Master.

A CHRISTIAN PRINCE IN

REV. LOUIS MEYER, D.D.

BY MRS. T. C. ROUNDS, CHICAGO Superintendent of the Chicago l-Icbrcw lviission "Know ye not that there is a Prince and a great man fallen this day in Israel." -II Sam. 3: 38.

I]TJHESE words came to 1883-1884, Wurzburg 1884-1885, and us as a telegram bear- I-Iaile 1885-1887. He became espe- ing the startling. intel- cially interested in surgery and served ligence that Dr. Louis as "volunteer" in the Royal Surgical Meyer, one of the most Hospital at Halle. There he con- noted Jewish Christians tracted blood poisoning at a post of the present day, had exchanged the mortem section in 1887 and the physisorrow and suffering of earth for the joy and rest of heaven.

Altho Dr. Meyer's illness was of eight months' duration, this news comes as a shock and grief to his numerous friends, at home and abroad, who have been praying that if it were the will of the Lord, he might be raised up to complete what seemed to be an unfinished work. We will not attempt to enumerate all of Louis Meyer's various activities for the advancement of the Kingdom but wiII mention the following facts to give some idea of his "labors more abun- dant" during the twenty-one years of his Christian career.

Louis Meyer was born in the small town of Crivitz in the Dukedom of Mecklenburg-Schwerin, in Northern LOUrs MEYER Germany, on August 30, 1862. His Late Associate Editor of THE M,SS,ONARY parents, who were well-to-do Hebrews, REVIEW OF THE WORLD determined to give him a good secular cians thought only a long sojourn upon education, and at an early age he was the Ocean could restore the weakened sent to the Gymnasium in Parchim, nervous system. Thus he laid aside Mecklenburg (an institution between the practise of surgery for a time and an American College and a Univer- went upon the sea for almost four sity), from which he was graduated in years. He served first as steward, 1882. His own inclination drew him then as chief purser upon the to the study of history and literature, Delcomyn, Dunedin, Bedford, and but the fact that a Jew had, at that other steamers, thus seeing almost time, no hope of gaining any official every part of the world. His health position in Germany, caused him to having been fully restored, he came begin the study of medicine at the Uni- to the United States and soon went to versities of Berlin 1882,1883, Marburg Cincinnati, Ohio, to again take up the

practise of surgery which he laid aside study Jewish Missions, a subject almost five years before. God ordered which he had commenced to invesotherwise. The unbelieving Jew was tigate in 1896, when the Presbytery converted and joined the Reformed assigned that subject to him for his Presbyterian Church in Cincmnati. historical essay for licensure. He searched the libraries of Harvard, He was baptized in 1892, by Rev. J. Yale, Boston, and New York, making American Jews and American Jewish E. Smith, D.D., of the Clinton Street Missions his special study. Jews and Reformed Presbyterian Church, whose Christians soon began to come to him oldest daughter became the wife of for information, and the MISSIONARY the young Hebrew Christian in 1898. REVIEW OF THE WORLD, The Jewish Era, and other German and English At the urgent request of his Chris- Missionary magazines published many' tian friends, Mr. Meyer gave up his of his articles. In 1901 he was invited medical career and became a mis- to be one of the speakers at the Messisionary to the Jews in Cincinnati. anic Conference in Park Street Church Tho he met with much encouragement, Boston. In 1902 he was one of the he was conscious of the need of better speakers at the Jewish section of the training for the preaching of the Student Volunteer Convention of Gospel and went to the Reformed Toronto, Canada. In 1903 he was the Presbyterian Seminary in Allegheny, organizing secretary of the Interna- Pa., from which he was graduated in tional Hebrew Christian Conference 1897. A call from the Lake Reno congregation, near Glenwood, Minn., at Mountain Lake Park, Indiana. before his graduation, was accepted, In 1902 he furnished the tables of and Louis Meyer was ordained and Jewish Missions for the Atlas of Misinstalled in January, 1898. He was sions by H. P. Beach, which he revised the first Hebrew. Christian minister of in 1904 for the New Encyclopedia of the Reformed Presbyterian Church. Missions and again in 1910 for the In May, 1900, he accepted the call to "WorId Atlas of Christian Missions." In 1905 he wrote the article on Juthe larger congregation at Hopkinton, daism for the textbook of the Student- Iowa, to which he ministered until Volunteers "Religions of the Mission- February 20, 1906. During his pas- field." torate a fine large church of brick and stone was erected and opened practi- In February, 1906, Mr. Meyer cally free of debt. Four young men accepted the offer of the Chicago Heof that congregation consecrated them- brew Mission to become their Field selves to the service of the Lord in Secretary. His report to the Board the Gospel ministry. In 1901 the of Trustees for the first eleven months Presbyterian Synod of Iowa made Mr. reveals his incessant labors and wide Meyer a trustee of Lenox College of usefulness in this field. He says:- Hopkinton, in which capacity he A part of the II months for which served until 1906. He taught also the I am to report to you at this time History of Missions, which formed a was spent abroad. On March 17, part of the curriculum in Lenox Col- 1906, I sailed for Southampton and I returned to this country on July 22d, lege from 1902 till 1905, inclusive. During the years in Hopkinton Mr.

Meyer continued in larger measure to

A CHRISTIAN PRINCE IN

having visited England, Ireland, This was especially hard on me on Scotland, Holland and Germany. account of much sickness of my chil- While the chief purpose of my journey dren. Then it was peculiarly difficult was attendance at the Seventh Inter- for me to perform my preparatory national Jewish Missionary Con- studies and my literary work. But ference which was held at Amsterdam, I knew of these difficulties before I Holland, on April 24th and 25th, and entered upon the work, and I counted at which I represented the Chicago the cost before I accepted the position.

Hebrew Mission and the Covenant The Lord has been very good to me Mission at Pittsburgh, Pa., I, at the concerning these things and has made same time, acquainted myself as the burden easy. The encouragements thoroughly as possible with the condi- of the work have been numerous and tion of the Jews, the work and meth- great. I sum them all up in the one ods of the different Jewish Missions, sentence: Everything proves to me that and the general attitude of Christians I am doing the Lord's work. Hence toward the Jews and Jewish Missions His blessing has been upon me and in the different countries which I His help has been freely given. I visited. have found many more open doors Immediately after my return from than I expected to find, and when I abroad I commenced my work of remember that I am engaged in a new addressing Bible Conferences and and hitherto untried work I am churches wherever the Lord opened the amazed at the success (speaking from door. Thus, the privilege was granted the human standpoint). There is an to me to speak in behalf of Jewish ever-increasing readiness in the Missions at Lake Orion, Mich., at Christian churches of our land to hear Lake Winona, Ind., at Beulah Park, the Jew and Jewish missions discust near Cleveland, Ohio, and at many and the stirring influence of the Holy other meetings, and since July 26th Spirit in behalf of Israel is felt in I have spoken in Ohio, Michigan, every denomination. Prayer for Indiana, Illinois, Kansas and Pennsyl- Israel is increasing. The religious vania. Several of the Bible Training papers of the United States are de- Schools of our country have welcomed manding articles on Jews and Jewish me and given me an opportunity of missions, and congregations every- addressing their students, the Bible where are beginning to come to a Training School at Fort Wayne, Ind., consciousness of their responsibility arranging for a course of lectures. for the Jews whom God is bringing The privilege of addressing the stu- to us.

dents of the Reformed Presbyterian "Hitherto hath the Lord helped us,"

Theological Seminary at Allegheny, and I look into the future in faith, Pa., was also granted to me, and expecting great things of the Lord arrangements have been made by Prof. in His work among Israel. H. P. Beach of the Department of Missions at Yale University for an Mr. Meyer was also editor of the address to the students of that famous Missionary Department of the Jewish and infl uential divinity school on Jan- Era, the quarterly magazine of The Chicago Hebrew Mission, and is a uary 17th. It would take too much time to mention the different places where I addrest congregations of dif- regular contributor to the Christian ferent denominations, but let me Nation. In 1900 he began to be a simply sum itp my experiences of the frequent contributor to the MISSIONpast months in a few words: I can not deny that there have been ARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD and in 1909 became one of the associate some discouraging features to my editors. In this capacity he rendered work, the greatest among them, almost continuous separation from my family. very valuable service as translator for

the General Missionary Intelligence For four years Mr. Meyer traveled department, as editor of the Jewish as Field Secretary of The Chicago Missionary News and as compiler of Hebrew Mission, visiting all parts of mlsSlOnary statistics. Dr. Meyer the country from Maine to California, was also a frequent contributor to the not as a collector of funds, but as Glory of Israel, Pittsburgh, and Zion's lecturer to create an interest in Jewish Freund, Hamburg, Germany. work in general. His labors resulted in stimulating much personal work in Dr. Meyer has never published the organization of local missions, and any account of his conversion and has in strengthening the heart and hands always been reluctant to enter into a of those engaged in missions already discussion of this most important established. event of his life. He was reared as a German Jew, but was well acquainted In May, 1909, Dr. Meyer was ap- with Christianity and its doctrines, pointed by the General Assembly of having read the New Testament in the Presbyterian Church in U. S. A. Greek in school. As a student he be- to take charge of the Jewish work came a Rationalist and was sometimes inaugurated by the Board of Home even ashamed of his Jewish birth. His Missions in its Department of Immi- uncle, the celebrated missionary of the gration, intending thereby, as Dr. Presbyterian Church 6f England in Meyer supposed, to prosecute a gospel London, Rev. Theodore Meyer, visited work among the thousands of Jewish frequently at the home of his brother, immigrants flocking to our shores. But Mr. Meyer's father, but, having after two years he withdrew from promised not to discuss religion dur- this local effort and gave himself once ing these visits, was faithful to his more to the national field. promise and never spoke of Christ to his nephew. He prayed, however, Dr. Meyer possest an unusually according to his later testimony, espe- clear head, a very retentive memory, cially for this nephew who visited him a logical mind. His brain was a store frequently in London. In Cincinnati, house of facts and figures on the Jew- Mr. Meyer selected the Covenanter ish problems of the day and On general Church for his study of the English missionary intelligence, which he could language, because the Psalms were quote at a moment's notice. He was sung and the worship was very simple. a statistician of acknowledged author- The sermons which led him to Christ, ity in the United States and abroad, step by step, were a course of lectures and was exceedingly accurate and careful in colIecting his material. Dr. by Rev. J. E. Smith, D.D., on "Christ Meyer's wife used to rally him in their early married life for spending so in the Book of Leviticus." His con- much time over statistical tables, but version, therefore, should be an en- he replied: "These are my capita1." couragement to every faithful preacher One gentleman used to refer to him of the Gospel, proving that no "special" as "a walking thesaurus." Especially sermons are needed for cultured Jews, was he noted for the methodical and that the Gospel is still "the power arrangement of his papers. He never of God unto salvation to everyone that was at a loss to find a letter or paper believeth, to the Jew first and also to of any kind, so accurately were they • the Greek."

A CHRISTIAN PRINCE IN

filed and indexed. It was a rare thing "None of us had any idea whether to find a converted Hebrew of whom any of the students would attend. We he could not tell all about his birth, counted upon a number of those from his conversion, his baptism, his occupa- the Theological Seminary, who Know tion and his ministry. me, and upon some of the people of Dr. Meyer was also a devout and Princeton, but all of us agreed that intelligent student of the Word and a McCosh Hall, which seats 600 people, man of prayer, as all his sermons and would prove rather large for the occa- lectures clearly evidenced. His writ- sion. Thus the hour for the meeting ings showed a very clear and forceful came and 10, there were less than 50 style so that no one ever had to guess chairs vacant in the hall and a large at his meaning. crowd of students had appeared. Our Altho a man of rare ability, he still harpist and our singer, two good at times showed much timidity and Christian ladies, proved a success and fear, so often found in magnetic their earnest music was well received. speakers. This is brought out in a Then I was introduced. I commenced private letter written from Princeton, with a broad history of the Jews, past N. J., where at the invitation of Mrs. and present, speaking about 20 minutes W m. Borden he gave three lectures in without revealing my real purpose, and McCosh Hall, February 13, 18, and 20, the audience followed me with interest.

19I I. The story of these meetings, Suddenly I closed my narrative and I not written for publication, is best told went on somewhat like this: 'Jewish in his own words as showing his con- History is true. I t is recorded in the scious lack, but which the Spirit Old Testament. The Old Testament seemed to 'make up to him. was closed at least 2,500 years ago.

"Monday, February 12th, I was very Whence did its writers get the knowl- tired and worn out, and I was very edge of such history which is peculiar nervous as I looked forward to the and extraordinary? By divine inspi- first meeting. I was to face the stu- ration. Then the Old Testament is the dents of the University of Princeton, Voice of God.' While I was develop- and I was deeply conscious of my lack ing these thoughts, some of the stu- of knowledge, of my German and Jew- dents who had been lolling in their ish brogue, and of my general insuffi- seats, sat up and leaning forward, ciency. The notices sent out, which I began to show sign of special interest.

had not seen before, and the special "Then once more I turned to Jewish program for the evening made me history and asked the question, 'What afraid that the audience might lose does it teach us?' My answer was, 'It sight of the spiritual side of the meet- teaches us that the master sin of men is ing. But, at the same time, I was the rejection of the Lord Jesus Christ.'

conscious that many were praying in It began to grow very still as I was behalf of the meeting and for me, thus appealing to everyone present.

and I decided to trust and do what I Just as I closed the appeal and was considered my duty to my Lord, espe- ready to finish, the great bell of the cially since Mrs. Borden had given me University struck nine, and everyone complete liberty concerning my ad- of the strokes was clearly heard amid dress. the stillness. It was like the call of the

Lord. It was of His ordering for I The interest was intense and I had had not known of the existence of the to answer questions for 30 minutes clock. Deeply stirred myself, I was more; even when I had my overcoat silent while the clock was striking. on and was in the hall some new ques- When it had ceased, I simply said, tions were asked. In walking home Amen. For a little all was silence. with me, Dr. Van Dyke said that he Then two students arose and, as their had never seen anything like it in the fashion is, showed their approval by Graduate College, tho the dinners are applause, and in a moment the hall monthly and they send for great men resounded with the clapping of hands, and speakers. I answered him that it the Christian men and women, the was not the speaker, but the subject professors and the preachers present and the Lord behind it. Praise the joining in it. But I sat down not even Lord for His goodness." acknowledging the applause, because On April 28, 19II, The Dubuque the praise belonged unto the Lord. German Presbyterian College con- "Two most appropriate pieces of ferred the degree of Doctor of Divinmusic followed and the meeting came ity upon him. On May 22, 191 I, he to a close. A crowd surrounded me. sailed for Stockholm, Sweden, to at- Professors and preachers, men and tend the "Eighth International Conwomen, came to shake my hand. An ference of Jewish Missions," from old man whispered in my ear, 'Your June 7 to 9, 19II, in which conference message was from the Lord. To Him he took a prominent part. be praise.' Then came the students. Upon the departure of Dr. A. C. The first was a Senior. He was from Dixon of Chicago Avenue Church to Cincinnati and wanted to tell me that take the pastorate of the Metropolitan he had only come because I was adver- Tabernacle, London, Dr. Meyer was tised as from his city, but, he added, appointed June I, I9II, to succeed him 'The Lord has spoken to me to-night. as Executive Secretary of The Fun- I will serve Him in the future more damentals,' to edit papers in connection earnestly.' Other students followed with a fund created by "Two Chrishim, among them an unconverted]ew, tian Laymen;" to furnish in a series of a Senior, who was quite timid and did volumes statements of the fundamennot know what to make of me. Then tals of Christianity "to every pastor, came two gentlemen, to invite me for evangelist, missionary, theological stu- Wednesday night, 7 o'clock, to be the dent, Sunday-school Superintendent, guest and speaker, on a subject of my Y. M. C. A. and Y. W. C. A. secreown choice, at the Graduate College. tary in the English-speaking world so "February I6. Last night was a far as their addresses can be obtained." grand opportunity. All the students of In this capacity his services were inthe Graduate College were present and valuable, and he had the fullest confiwore white vests and gowns, so that dence of the Board of Trustees. In a I had to put one on, too. The dinner letter written since Dr. Meyer's death was presided over by Professor Van to a private party, by Mr. Thos. E. Dyke. Then we adjourned to the Stephens, manager of The Funda- Library, where I spoke 45 minutes, mentals, we have the estimate of one by order, on 'Our Jewish Immigrants.' who was closely in touch with him:

A CHRISTIAN PRINCE IN

"I wish to add a word of deep everything that wealth could provide, appreciation regarding the life and he gradually grew weaker and on Friwork of Dr. Meyer. He was faithful day, July IIth, at 10:30 A. M., the and conscientious to the last degree. spirit took its flight. He was "at We shall surely miss his painstaking home with the Lord." oversight of our work, his visits to the office, his helpful counsel, his prompt- About two weeks before he passed ness in correspondence, and the great away he said feebly to his friend, Mr. care which he always took to reply so Lyman Stewart, "I have never been fully and accurately to every inquiry. sorry for the cross which I had to He had a heart of love and tender carry in the persecution of my people." sympathy, and in more than one sense he was one of God's chosen people." A few days before death he said something in Latin. When asked what Thousands of testimonials from he meant, he smiled and replied: "Tell readers of The Fundamentals attest Mrs. – – – 'The battle is over, the the helpfulness of the articles in the victory is won.''' five volumes which he edited. Tho for three weeks he had been In June, 19IO, Dr. Meyer was blind, with great self-control he conappointed to prepare a paper on "The cealed the fact from his wife, who Jews" for the Committee of the was constantly by his bedside, lest it World's Missionary Conference, held should distress her. at Edinburgh, Scotland, June 14-23, 19IO. He attended this Conference As he neared the heavenly shore himself and took a prominent part in his face lit up as with a beatific vision. the discussions, delivering a. special His blinded eyes now open, evidently address on "The Jews." caught the face of his Savior, for he whispered "Christ"-then later "Pa." The last service that he was able to (This was his father-in-law, who had render to his dearly beloved Chicago led him to Christ.) It was beautiful Hebrew Mission, with which he was that he should see his Savior first, always in sympathy, was his attendance then he who had led him to Christ. at the Quarterly meeting of the Board, October 9, 1912, at which time he was An aged mother in Berlin, a wife happy in his suggestions and counsel. and three children are left to mourn his loss with an innumerable com- On the third of November, while pany of friends to share in their grief. Dr. Meyer was arranging to attend the The funeral services were held in Quarter-Centennial of The Chicago· Pasadena, on July 14th. Hebrew Mission, to be held November 4, 1912, he was stricken down by hem- The Chicago Hebrew Mission and orrhages of the lungs. In about a the MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE month he recovered sufficiently to take WORLD will especially miss his counsels the trip to California and remained in and aid. The whole Christian world a sanitorium at Monrovia for seven and the Church of Christ are richer for months. Altho he was under the care his life and service and will greatly of skilled physicians and nurses, and feel the loss caused by his departure. With the coming of our Lord we shall was ministered to by kind and lov- again greet him and rejoice in his joy ing friends, who furnished him with when together with him we shall be "forever with the Lord."

REAL HEART OF THE MISSIONARY PROBLEM *

BY ROBERT H. GLOVER, M.D.

HEN we have listened the tomb. "For we know the grace of our Lord Jesus Christ, that, tho He EWl to stirring missionary was rich, yet for your sakes He be- addresses and have came poor, that ye through His pov- been given new visions erty might be rich." Jesns was poor, of lands beyond the seas, with their dark- literally poor. He chose to be so. He ness and suffering and despair, when was born in a stable. He wore coarse we have faced the stupendous prob- clothes. He ate common food. His lem of a thousand millions still home, while he had one, was that of unevangelized, and have reviewed a peasant, and many a time later He many phases of missionary work, had not where to lay His head. Fi- the question arises, "What is the nally He was buried in a borrowed real heart of the missionary prob- tomb. And this literal poverty was lem ?" Is it a problem of men? Or part of the price He paid for the one of money? Or of method? It in- spiritual riches He has purchased for cludes all these, but it is morc. When us.

we have prest past all secondary con- His personal milliStry involved siderations right home to the heart of physical weakness, weariness, hunger the matter, I believe that in its last and privation, and still greater suffer- analysis we shall find it a problem of ing of mind and heart. As He in- love-personal love for the Lord Jesus cessantly "went about doing good,"

Christ. And why? Simply because ministering physical and spiritual heal- the very soul of missions is sacrifice, ing to thousands. it meant the pouring and love is the supreme and only mo- out, little by little, of His own life and tive that can impel to the sacrifice in; strength, His spending and being valved. spent for others. In life, in death, He The spirit of missions is just the saved men at the cost of Himself.

spirit of Jesus Christ, and His was "He saved others, Himself He can not essentially a spirit of supreme self- save. "

sacrifice. Those words, "He saved Listen to His own words, "Except others, Himself He can not save," a corn of wheat fall into the ground flung derisively at Jesus as He hung and die, it abideth alone, but if it die upon the Cross, were after all the ex- it bringeth forth much fruit. He that pression of a profound truth. Had saveth his life shall lose it; he that the Lamb of God in retaliation to that loseth his life the same shall find it."

mocking cry corne down from the Such is the law of the kingdom of cruel tree, onr salvation would never God. Such is the law of missionary have become an accomplished fact. He life and labor. Well did the old Bap- has saved us, but it cost Him His own tist missionary 'Society adopt as its life to do it. symbol an ox standing between a Nor was this spirit of self-sacrifice plow and an altar, and underneath the confined to His death. It entered into words, "Ready for either or for both."

His whole life from the manger to And when we quote the expression, .. An addre!';s delivered at the New York Convention of the Christian and ].fissionary Alliance, October, 1911. "The blood of the martyrs is the seed face is that we can not. N Dt merely of the church," let us regard it as no is this clearly demonstrated by the mere sentiment, but as actual fact. actual facts of the missionary enter- We praise GDd for the missiDnary prise to-day-its insufficient fDrces, its graves as well as the missionary sta- embarrassed treasuries, its inability to tions, knowing that each of those pre- overtake the needs and opportunities CiDUS lives laid down has contributed abroad-but it is equally plain fDr the to the coming of the Kingdom of reason that such easy accomplishment Christ. of the task is contrary to the very Divine law of missions-the law of I believe there is need to-day to re- sacrifice. "He saved others; Himself emphasize this principle of sacrifice He can not save." No more can we. in missions, as one that is fundamental, essential, vital. God never intended we should. It We live in an age in which self- would be to leave out of the missionsacrifice is by no means popular. The ary enterprise that which is its very aim and effort are to eliminate sacri- essence and glory. God laid the founfice and to indulge ease and selfish dation of this work of world redempcomfort. This same tendency is creep- tion in sacrifice when it cost Him His ing into Christian churches and homes, only begotten SDn, and He will finish and producing a spirit of complacency it by no less worthy a spirit or costly instead of CDncern with regard to. mis- a means. siDns. If individuals are not seriously disturbed or inconvenienced, can wear Yet thousands of individuals and as gDod clothes, live in as comfortable churches, professing allegiance to homes and spend as much for pleasure Jesus Christ, are practically denying or the whims of fashion; if home to millions of their fellow men the only churches can stilI be as imposing and opportunity of salvation through as luxuriously furnished, and as well Christ, simply because they refuse or equipped with musical talent; and if fail to meet this question squarely on denominationalism can still be every- its only true and adequate basis of where maintained, and every small self-sacrifice. In the light of the town and many a mere village can world's unsupplied need and the have its three or four churches, each church's unproffered resources it has with a mere handful of worshipers- still to be said, in plain honesty, that if, I say, all these interests can be as- the church as a whole is only playing sured, and the pittance that is Dver, at missions as a sort of diversion inof men· and money, will suffice to stead of making the enterprise its subreak the Bread of Life to a thousand preme business. millions for whom nothing is prepared, then the missionary proj ect will I want to bring this question to bear receive a unanimDus vote of approval. upon those who are gathered here. In a word, if we could save the hea- Have we the missionary spirit? Are then by the mere passing of a reso- we in this enterprise to the extent of lutiDn, without any appreciable sacri- any real sacrifice? Men are constantly fice, without its costing us, we would. asking, "Do missions pay?" The But the hard fact which we have to. question we would do better to ask is, "Do missions cost?" There is a standpoint, of course, from which the

question as to whether missions pay again, at the risk of incurring to him- may legitimately be asked and an- self the criticism and displeasure of swered. But our concern at this mo- others-all for the sake of imploring ment is not with the returns but with and securing aid for another in the sacrifice of missions, and from this want.

viewpoint missionary enterprise is not What was it that won for that man's meant to pay, it is meant to cost. request a full and satisfactory re- I ask reverently, did missions pay sponse? "I say unto you, tho he will Jesus Christ? No, they cost Him His not rise and give him because he is life-blood. How much have they cost his friend, yet because of his impor- us for love of Him? I wonder if tunity he will rise and give him as some of us under grace are not falling many as he needeth." It was the ele- short of David under the law, in seek- ment of self-sacrifice which made that ing to offer unto the Lord of "that prayer effectual. It was the thought which doth cost us nothing," or very of the lengths to which the man out- little. side had gone in his concern for an- Now, there are three great outlets other that made it impossible for the of missionary energy generally spoken man inside to refuse his request, how- of, namely, by praying, by going, by ever reluctant he at first was to rise giving. Let us think for a little of from his bed. That man stirred his this feature of sacrifice in relation to friend by bestirring himself. Just so each of these in turn. shall we stir God when we bestir our- I. The first outlet of missionary en- selves unto prayer. God's complaint ergy is by praying. is that "there is none that stirreth up I place prayer fi rst because it be- himself to take hold of Him." We longs first. Missions are not prima- can not blame God for seeming to be rily a matter of men, or money, or apathetic while we are apathetic. God method, but of the unhindered out- waits to see in you and me His own working of God Himself, and such concern and solicitude for the hea- outworking is always called forth pre- then. Like the man abed in the par- eminently through prayer. Prayer is able, He wants to provoke us to earn- the greatest power in the kingdom of estness, to sacrifice, to importunity in God. The appeal for intercession prayer for souls who are starving for should, therefore, be placed before the Bread of Life, and then He will even the appeal for men and money. rise and give us for them as many But notice that an essential element of loaves as we need.

true missionary intercession is the Beloved, have we prayed? Have we sacrifice which it costs. "prayed earnestly"? Have we "la- Our Lord has furnished us with a bored fervently in prayer"? How model for such prayer in His parable much has prayer for the souls yonder of the friend at midnight. It tells in the darkness cost us-in time, in of one who so took upon him another's strength, in self-denial? Any hours need that he rose from his bed and of deep concern? Any sleepless went forth through the darkness, at nights of wrestling? If our prayers an unseasonable hour, to the house of have cost us little they have availed his friend, there to knock and knock correspondingly little. God is seek-

REAL HEART OF THE MISSIONARY PROBLEM

ing intercessors. Oh, let us enter the amid hardships and dangers, if these honored list! "other sheep" are to be brot<ght in.

2. The second outlet of missionary I will not lower my appeal by mak- energy is by going. ing the missionary life appear to be an vVe may sit back comfortably and easy one. True, it has its decided sing: compensations, and even pleasant fea- "Vaft, waft ye winds His story, and tures, at times. Yet the true mission- you, ye waters, roll, ary life calls for self-sacrifice. It Till, like a sea of glory, it spreads ought to be so. But shall this fact from pole to pole," deter you? It is said that Napoleon's but that doesn't solve the problem. appeal for recruits for his army was The only way that the wind and in the words, "Come and suffer!" waters can carry the Story the world Ought missionary appeal to assume in around is by carrying forward men the followers of Christ a spirit less and women who go to tell it. We noble, less worthy than that of the can not stay at home and save the common soldier? heathen. . Here again does our Lord furnish Young man, young woman! May us with an inspired model, in His not you be among those whom the parable of the Good Shepherd, so in- Lord wants to go? Have you asked delibly imprest upon our memories by Him? Have you offered yourself? Sankey's immortal hymn, "The Ninety Is the sacrifice too great, the cost too and Nine." You remember how one dear, for His' sake who has done so of those verses runs: much for you?

Some must let go. Parents are called upon to lay their children upon "Lord, whence are those blood-drops . the altar for this blest work. They all the way, are not to be denied their part in the That mark out the mountain's track? precious sacrifice. I tell you that it is the fathers and mothers whose boys They were shed for one who had gone and girls are out on the fighting line who know best how to hold the ropes astray, by prayer, and sympathy, and sacri- Ere the Shepherd could bring him ficial gift. If God is asking you, dear father, dear mother, for your son or back. daughter as a witness for Him in some Lord, whence are Thy hands so rent and torn? They're pierced to-night by many a thorn."

Such was the path the Master trod; f()reign field, I pray you refuse Him must not His servants tread it still? not, but willingly make the sacrifice, Missionary life and labor demandsac- and you shall share the resultant joy rifice. and reward.

Some must go-cheerfully leaving Some must help go. Churches, as homeland and loved ones and fond well as parents, have their definite part associations, and surrendering bright to play, by sending forth workers, if prospects and cherished plans-go to the rank$ on the mission field are to face uncongenial climes, and difficult b~ filled up. Who shall be sent? The languages, and strange peoples, to live no-goods and cast-offs? Those who and toil patiently and perseveringly, can easily be spared because of infe-

rior gifts and abilities, and who never Men and women! How much have would make their mark at home? we really given? Have we cast in That is not the way it appealed to "out of our abundance," or "out of the church at Antioch. They sent our penury"? Are we trying to serve forth Barnabas and Saul, their very God, satisfy our conscience and save brightest and best, the ones most es- the heathen with our spare cash or sential, as it seemed, to the church at pin money, or are we measuring up home. And God blest and multiplied to the New Testament standard, that church in consequence, and let it "Freely ye have received, freely give"?

displace the more seifish and narrow- If we look for our Lord's model for minded church at Jerusalem as the this third outlet of missionary energy, great home-base of the missionary as in the former two, I think we have movement. "There is that scaW:reth it in His parable of the Good Samari- and yet increaseth; and there is that tan. That poor victim of the thieves withholdeth more than is meet, but it lies before us again in the picture of tendeth to poverty." Would that fallen, suffering, doomed humanity in many a modern church would take a India, Africa, Olina and every other page out of the book of Antioch's ex- heathen land. Vhat are we going to perience! do about it? Some of us, with the 3. The third outlet of missionary Scribe and Pharisee of old, are going energy is by giving. to pause for a mere passing glance But we need, like those of old, to and then "pass by on the other side."

have our offerings of gold and silver We are going to forget this vision of weighed in the scales of the sanctuary, sorrow and despair, as we pass out in order to estimate them at their true into the rush of business and the swim value. Jesus still sits over against the of pleasure in this mighty metropolis, treasury, watching the offerings of because we shrink from the cost of His people. How different His esti- doing our duty. But others, thank mate of them from that of man! "Of God! will be found alongside of that a truth I say unto you that this poor Good Samaritan, whose heart was widow hath cast in more than they all ; moved with compassion, who with for all these have of their abundance eyes and feet and hands hastened to cast in-but she of her penury hath the rescue, who freely gave his time, cast in all the living that she had. his strength, his sktll, his money, yea, Here is the very same principle again, his very self, and who saved a lost this time applied to giving-the prin- soul by the sacrifice of giving.

ciple of sacrifice. With Olrist the And now, beloved, if you have fol- question was not "How much has each lowed me through this theme, 'and one given?" but "How much has each with me have seen that missions have one reserved?" For only this latter a soul, and that that soul is sacrifice, question brought out the point of im- and that every output of missionary portance, namely, as to what each of· effort, be it by prayer, by going, by fering reaIIy costs its offerer. It is .iving, involves and demands self-sac- not giving any two mites, but giving rifice, then I believe you will agree the last two, that puts us jn that with me that the real heart of the widow's class. missionary problem is love, since love

REAL HEART OF THE MISSIONARY

alone is equal to the sacrifice that is love." Have you noticed that? Those called for. Christians' profession of love was tested and confirmed not by any quan- Listen to the familiar Word of God. tity of verbal assurances, but by the "God so loved the world that He gave practical matter of their money offer- His only begotten Son." "God com- ings. If that may be the way Christ mendeth His love toward us, in that adjudges our profest love to-day, how while we were y"et sinners Christ died does each of us stand before Him? "If for us." "Christ ioved the church and ye love Me," says He, "keep My comgave Himself for it." What church mandments." To Peter He said, did Christ love? Was it the church "Lovest thou Me'~,·, Then, in proof already saved, and cleansed, and sanc- of it, "Feed My sheep I" And the tified, and radiant in His beauty? No, same Master looks down to-night upon but it was the poor, vile, sunken sin- those myriads of ';other sheep," wanners who through His sacrifice, His dering still without a shepherd, and outpoured life, were to be lifted and cries, "0, ye, who profess your love transformed into such a church. And to Me! Give ye them to eat!" remember that some members of that church yet lie undiscovered amid the A ship was returning from distant gloom and vice of heathenism. Christ goldfields when, on nearing port, she loves them. He gave Himself for suddenly struck a rock and began to them. He longs for them. But only sink. The passengers were forced to as the love of Christ constrains us to strike out for themselves and try to the sacrifice invoived in seeking and reach the shore. One strong man was finding them shall He see of the tra- preparing for the plunge when a va:il of His soul and be satisfied. friendless little girl stood before him. "Oh, sir," she cried, "will you save Love is the supreme motive to all me?" A struggle was on in that man's true sacrifice. It was love that mo,ed heart. Around his waist was strapped the Friend at midnight, the Good a belt filled with gold. It represented Shepherd, the Good Samaritan. "Love hard toil behind and pleasures and never faileth." Nothing less will comforts before him. But there stood avail. And if you are lacking the the little girl, helpless, pleading. One missionary spirit you are lacking love. thing was sure-he could not save both. Which should it be? A mo- Conversely, sacrifice is the supreme ment of hesitation, and then with a test of love. "Hereby perceive we the resolute will he loosened the belt and love of God, because He laid down flung it down. "Come, little one," he His life for us; and we ought to lay responded, "hold fast around my down our lives for the brethren. But neck!"-and with his living burden whoso hath this world's good, and he plunged into the waves and finally seeth his brother have need, and shut- reached the shore. He lay for a while teth up his heart of compassion from unconscious after his exhausting efhim, how dwelleth the love of God in fort, but when consciousness returned him?" and he beheld that little maid bending tenderly over him and looking with Paul's explanatiun to the Corinthi- loving gratitude into his face, he ans for sending messengers to receive their missionary offerings was that he might "prove the sincerity of their

thanked God that he had played the to thank God for the grace and courman and had had courage to save a precious life even at the cost of his age given you to make the right gold. choice to-night! F or "they that be Beloved, that man's decision is wise shall shine as the brightness of thrust upon more than one Christian with whom the great choice is be- the firmament, and they that turn tween the selfish use and enjoyment many to righteousness as the stars for of gift, of gold, of life, and the rescue of precious souls through the sacrifice ever and ever." of these. But when you reach the other shore, saveq by His grace from "Oh what joy it wiil be, when His face the rolling bil1ows, and shall see by I behold, your side radiant souls saved out of heathenism by your sacrificing gift Living gems at His feet to lay and effort, how it will deepen heaven's down! joy to you, and you will never cease It would sweeten my bliss in the city of gold, Should there be any stars in my crown."

May that joy be ours, not for our sakes alone, but for theirs, and for His!

SOME MISSIONARY MOTTOES , 'UNLESS Jesus Christ is Lord these, and except the old man be of .all, He is not Lord at all." changed within, all these adventitious "It is the m*issi*on *of the Church trappings will make him a more potent force for evil." to give the whole Gospel to the whole world." "If we *** in our re- "We cannot *ser*ve *God and mam- have not enough mon, but we can serve God with ligion to drive us to share it with all mammon." the world, it is doomed here at home." *** * "Love never *ask*s, how much must "This is a lost world to be saved, and not simply an ignorant world to I do? but how much can I do?" be educated." *** *** "You might as well try to cure "The Gospel of Jesus Christ is not small-pox by scenery, as to try to save only a Gospel for all men, but it is the world by improvement of environa Gospel tor the whole man." ment."

*** *** "The man who does not believe in "The question is not, How much foreign missions had better bum up of my money will I give to God? but, his New Testament, for it is a record How much of God's money will I of foreign missions." keep for myself?"

*** * * * "Doing nothing for others is the "Missionary history is a mystery undoing of one's self." until it is read as His story." *** "We have g*iven* t*he Orient war- "With God go over the sea; withships and telephones, steam cars and out Him not over the threshold." sewing-machines, and silk hats, but its inhabitants are none the better for * * * "What I spent I had-what I kept I lost-what I gave I have."

AMONG AFRICAN

P"GES FROM THE DIARY OF MRS. STUART WATT * iA] FTER we had received the sun was declining about four to the intimation, at Zan- five in the afternoon. In the dark of zibar, of the murder of the night they were continually growl- Bishop Hannigan and ing about, and sometimes attempted his 40 followers, we to put their heads under the tent. I felt more eager than had been successful in securing one or ever to hasten on our way into the two fowls from the natives, and these interior and deliver the Savior's mes- I kept in an open box over which some sage. It was this spirit, and with wire netting had been securely nailed. unfaltering faith in Divine protection, I had this brought into the tent every that gave Mr. and Mrs. Stuart Watt evening before tying up the tent doors. the courage to go forward in God's One night a leopard drew out the box name into the wilds of East Equato- with his paw, tore up the wire netting rial Africa, where for a quarter of a and devoured my stock. Later, while century they labored to spread the I was watching by the side of my hus- Gospel of Christ's redeeming love. band's bed, I found another of these beasts poking his nose underneath the It was in 1885 that the young mis- tent. The danger seemed so great and sionaries landed at Zanzibar, and be- imminent that I roused my sick husgan a pioneer work among savages. band from his sleep; and, putting the They had cheerfully resigned a happy rifle and cartridge bag in his hand, I home in Belfast to obey the Master's pointed to where the leopard was trycall, to endure incredible sufferings ing to gain entrance. Altho very weak, and perils hardly surpassed in the he raised himself on the bed, slipt annals of missionary endeavor. Their a cartridge into the rifle and fired at first year in the African field was the spot indicated. in the morning marked by many thrilling experiences our men saw traces of blood in the that might well have daunted them. grass, but no carcass could be found." Their little son died of jungle fever, and they narrowly escaped a similar Such were the scenes the young misfate themselves; but there was never sionaries passed through during their a thought of turning back. first year in Africa, and to which they were eager to return after being inva- Before passing to the more impor- lided home. And return they did in tant period in the story of Mr. and 1893, this time with even a more ad- Mrs. Watt's pioneering missionary venturous purpose in view, for wherework, it may be of interest to describe as they had first gone out under the some of the conditions in which they auspices of the Church Missionary lived during that first year. Society, now they proposed to go for- ward independently and alone into an "At one time Mr. Watt was taken unopened country. Missionaries and very ill while we were still living in government officials alike urged Mr. a tent. The country was infested with Watt to renounce such a dangerous leopards and lions. Even in daylight proj ect, and especially he was warned we used to see them, occasionally quite near to our tent, especially when • IN THE HEART OF SAVAGEDOM. By Mrs. Stuart Watt. Edited by her husband. Bvo, 472 pp. 70 illustrations. Marshall Bre>thers, London and New York, 1913. 7s, 6d, ..et.

not to take his wife and children into numerous, and through the night could the hostile wilderness.. "But," says be heard growling, sniffing, and howl- Mrs. Watt, who entirely shared her ing about the camp. husband's views, "nothing could quench the ardent desire which was in It would be interesting to trace the his heart, to carry the Gospel to the progress of Stuart Watt and his famiunopened parts of Africa. No fear of ly through the wilds, their miraculous death at the hands of the savage, nor escapes from these wild beasts and dread of falling by malignant fevers treacherous savages. They finally on the way, could swerve him from the reached the site where a home and work which lay before him, and which mission were to be established in a he recognized as having been assigned country teeming with savage Wakamto him by God." To the natives of the ba, who did not want them there, and coast it was something unprecedented threatened that if they attempted to see young European children taken building they would all be dead in into the wilds of savage Africa. three days. "We found them endeav- oring to poison our water, but provi- What would be the fate of these dentially our supply was drawn from little ones if she were taken away, was an overflowing spring; their designs a harrowing thought to Mrs. Watt and were ineffectual in that direction " her husband during their long journey into the unopened wilderness, but their When the savages found the white reliance on Divine mercy was so com- man was determined to remain and plete that they went forward cheer- build there, the petty chief of the disfully to fulfil the work to which God trict sent word that he desired to make had called them. Suffer the children blood-brotherhood with the missiondid, from hunger and thirst, like the ary. Mr. Watt, thinking that it might rest of the party at times, but none give him more influence over those perished, and far from being con- wild, nude savages, consented to this sidered a burden in the work they loathsome ceremony. Despite the· might well be counted as a valuable blood covenant the majority of the asset. For to the savages they were savages resented their presence, and always objects of curious interest and interfered with the building, but the helped to establish friendly relations chief remained true to that solemn between the party and the often hostile compact under the severest ordeals, natives. and aided them many times.

On the march toward the interior As soon as the mission buildings they passed through scenes of deadly were completed Mr. Watt at once beslaughter where bones and skulls of gan the difficult work of reducing to human beings were lying about in writing the language of the tribe, and great numbers. This was the work of by dogged persistence the many obstathe Masai, a fierce and bloodthirsty cles were gradually overcome. Crowds tribe of marauders. On one occasion gathered daily to watch the doings of the caravan narrowly escaped an en- their new neighbor. As soon as he counter with a company of perhaps a could master a few broken sentences he described to the curious savage thousand men belonging to this tribe. visitors, his purpose in coming among them. On these occasions he always Lions, leopards and hyenas were

AMONG AFRICAN SAVAGES

took the Bible in his hand, and told which surrounded them, and I could them that the message he delivered to not help thinking that, ere the mor- them was not his own, but was taken row's sun would rise their mutilated out of the Book, which was the re- remains might· be scattered about the vealed will of God. These people station."

spread the news far and wide about It was a period of great anxiety, the Book, and oftentimes a number but the missionaries' faith in Divine of old men came many miles to ascer- protection was supreme and unshaken, tain what the Book said upon various sO that when an armed escort was of- subj ects. Even the servant problem fered by the British representatives, to aided in spreading the Word, for these take them to the nearest fort they de- children of the jungle could never be clined the offer. They had firmly re- prevailed upon to remain more than a solved to "stand or fall in the position few weeks, before they obeyed the call to which God had called us, being as- of the wild and abruptly vanished. sured that He would, in His own way, "Hundreds of men thus passed a few direct the issue of affairs in accordance weeks with us, and then went their with His will."

way, all having heard the message of Having reduced the language of the the love of God in Christ Jesus." Akamba to writing and thus opened Once the natives sent one of their the way for the Messengers of the shrewdest men to seek employment at Gospel, and feeling acutely the urgent the station, that he might spy out needs of the great unoccupied country things and arrange to surprize and around them, Stuart Watt appealed massacre the white people. "At every to the Church Missionary Society of convenient opportunity, we spoke to Mombasa to establish a mission station him of the love of N'gai to all man- there. Bishop Peel came over to look kind, as manifested in this Son Jesus over the ground, ~nd eventually a mis- Christ. In a short time he seemed to sion was established where for several become quite attached to us, and even- years two missionaries labored, but the tually told us of the secret purpose for station was finally abandoned. "In which he had been sent, and revealed that vast expanse of heathendom we to us every plot and stratagem of the were left without any brother mission- natives, so that, under the blessing of aries, save Johnston and Evans from God, we were enabled to frustrate America, who clung to their post with their fateful designs." commendable fortitude."

An occasion of especial dread fol- But the reward came at last to the lowed the attack on a small govern- faithful. A long period of famine, ment post near the station by the which destroyed thousands of natives, Akamba when all the trained soldiers brought a blessing in its train, for it were massacred. A party of 60 men softened the hearts of the savages and sent to bury the dead was forced to many were won for Christ. "I shall retreat and flee for their lives. ever remember the way in which our "My heart sank within me," Mrs. little church was filled to overflowing Watt says "as I looked into the bright with the sadly emaciated elders of the happy faces of our little ones, who tribe who had come to pray to God were oblivious to the terrible danger for rain and to hear the glad news of a

Savior's love. Never before had they "There is in the heart of every savage bowed the knee to Jehovah. In former not only a belief in God, but an unutyears they had gone to the rain-doctor terable craving to know Him. and given him their sheep and goats, That intuitive hankering of the soul that he might unlock the windows of can, only be satisfied in a knowledge heaven and bring rain upon the thirsty of the revelation of God in Jesus earth. Now they had come in their Christ, and of the pardon and recondire distress to make their wants ciliation which Christ has purchased known to God and to hear His voice for mankind. If God's people were, but from the book. The hush that fell on for a single decade, earnestly and inthose Gospel meetings can never be tently devoted to the fulfilment of our exprest. Sincerity was stamped on Lord's last injunction, astounding. reevery visage. What work God wrought sults would follow, and the tribes oI by His Spirit among those aged men Africa would flock to Christ as doves we know not. Hundreds of them said to their windows, and nations would that they had been led to know the be born in a day." Lord Jesus and had received Him as their Savior." "In the Heart of Savagedom" is a remarkable narrative of heroism, suf- The period of famine humbled the fering and victories won through faith. wild Akamba race, they lost their To have ventured into a hostile, unhaughty mien and proud bearing, and opened country with a family of young at the Gospel meetings exprest repen- children, and there establish a mission tance for the life of plunder and amid a dense population where every rapine they had led. The old chief- man was a murderer; to have gained tain with whom Stuart Watt made their friendship and brought hundreds blood-brotherhood when he first to a knowledge of Christ's redeeming entered the country, came boldly out love, here indeed is a monumental and profest to accept Jesus Christ achievement, that for all time must as his Redeemer. He was baptized with a number of others before a great a shine among the starry deeds of misassemblage of natives, in a river near the mission, and from that time led a sionary history. And after quarter consistent Christian life. of a century of intense, health-wreck- ing labors in the African wilds, Stuart Few realize, says Mrs. Watt, how Watt and his wife are not ready to longingly the unreached heathen look relinguish their task, but are looking for some tangible revelation from God. hopefully forward to a return to the field for fresh conquests in His name.

BRAINERD'S WORDS OF DEVOTION "I wanted to wear out my life in His service for His glory. I desired nothing so ardently as that God should deal with me as He pleased. I rejoiced in my necessity of self-denial! I cared not where or how I lived or what hardships I went through, so that I could but gain souls for Christ."-DAvID BRAINERD.

If all Christians had this passion the world would be evangelized in a single generation.

OF THE EAST *

BY JAMES S. GALE, D.D., MISSIONARY IN KOREA mO NE firm conviction that of committee and assembly-apparatus dominates the East is and what not. It wearies the soul and the existence of God. dissipates the spirit of meditation. Certainly He exists; Let's get alone with God." who can deny it? The real problem is how to Another conviction that holds the Oriental in its grip is the fact of sin, attain unto Him. Va- and that sin in some way shuts God rious and often pitiful are the ways out. Confucius, the Great Master, employed to reach Him, and to get says: "He who sins against God finds His peace established in the soul. The no place for prayer." We might say Koreans' name for God is Hananim, in the New Testament language: "The the One Great One; and as the name wrath of God abideth on him." Sin suggests He is the summun bonum, the is a great reality to Asia, not sin just aim and obj ect of mortal existence, but as it is explained in the Bible, a slight-_ the way to Him is fiercely obstructed ly different phase of it, and yet sin.

and beset by a thousand impossibilities. Its awful form moves across every In Korea, as elsewhere, the terrestrial human life, bringing in its rear deadly pathways to the lonely hilltops are accompaniments. How shall we get often worn by feet that would rid of it? is a burning question that seek a celestial way to God. Their touches all conditions of the day. Sin hearts seem to say that He dwells in may be bought and sold; sin may be the quiet, somewhere. atoned for; sin may be hoodwinked Only yesterday the abbot of one of and cajoled; sin is a great and awful the largest monasteries, near Seoul, fact. Sin with its brood of ill-luck, called on the writer and exprest his and misfortunes, and sorrow, and regret that life was so broken in on tears, accompanies this mortal exist- by the noise and confusion of the ence, says the Buddhist.

world. "I would like to get away," To the Confucianist it evidences said he, "to some silent retreat, and departure from the Five Principles of there give my whole time to prayers Worth: Love, Truth, Good-form, En- and the service of the Buddha." Not lightenment, and Faith. How to rid only among the Buddhists, but among oneself of the results of sin that enve- Confucianists as well, is the idea of lop human existence as the serpents stillness and quiet associated with God. enwrap Laocoon is a great question.

Many Oriental seekers after God stop His frequent way is an entente cordiale their ears to the clangor and noises with the ruling spirits thereof. He that beset the public pathway and seek gives them food and drink, says many the untrodden road. prayers, offers prostrations. He has A saying of a great Confucianist planned, too, a method somewhat like teacher, So Kang-ch'uI, who was a the scapegoat of Leviticus. At his contemporary of Villiam the Norman, New Year seaSOn he writes out a list of runs thus: "God listens silently and temptations and errors that are likely to without noise; in the vast solitudes beset his pathway, and has them placed where shall I find Him? Not in the in the inner heart of a straw manikin.

heights nor in the far distances, but He encloses a little money also, and in the quiet of the human heart." then calls on any daring passer to Perhaps one of the things that the accept of his forbidden fruit and all East finds most wanting in Christian the evils that go with it. This scaven- propaganda is the quiet that it has ger of the gods, who has no soul worth associated with the eternal quest. speaking of, comes digging about Recently one of the leaders of the among these cast-off spiritual rem- church in Korea said: "This is not nants for the few stray cash that ac- religion, all this noise and confusion company them, and takes with them • From the Bible MISIla.ri..".

all the evils that accrue. Thus are the reflected in the classics of Confucius, fruits of sin transferred from one to and are well known to the multitude: another. He that would enter into the kingdom of the gods must overcome. The writer, speaking of the scape- goat to a class of men, said that it My friend Keel who, as a Taoist, represented the removal of sin far out used to spend a hundred days ill of the camp and away into the un- prayer, poured cold water over his known. He remarked that some head to dissipate the sleep that would Western interpreters thought it meant attack him like an armed band. He an offering to Azazel, a field demon, conquered and felt the joy in his soul. but this at once brought down a gener- To overcome in the realm of the spirit- al protest from the clas.s, which said ual has been one of the purposes of that that was never God's way of re- Asia, just as the West has busied itself . sisting devils. That was the old pagan with fighting through ice packs and way. The scapegoat, they held, must hummocks for an ideal point called be interpreted by the enlightened con- "the pole." All Asia has not fought science to mean simply the departure and suffered for such ideals as these, of sin from the sinner, and by no but its "holy men" have. means an offering to a demon. In the pathway of ease and self- Another conviction held fast by Asia delight the meditative hearts of Asia is, that man must suffer many trials see no hope. How truly, with these and must overcome temptations 'to convictions in hand, are the thinking reach the place of peace. "Ko-jin ones prepared to appreciate the book kam-nai" (if we are patient with the called the Bible when once they come bitter, the sweet will come) is an old squarely up against its announcements saying of the East. These sayings are and invitations.

THE PRESENT SITUATION IN JAPAN * BY REV. DAVID SPENCER. D.D., TOKYO, JAPAN ~I T is but 50 years since at once to manifest itself in earnest. ~ Japan emerged from a Foreign ideas swept in and were eager- state of feudalism, her ly appropriated. The borrowing from China and Korea which had gone on whole life drawn from for a 1,000 years now ceased and the government turned to the West for the musty past. There light. From America it borrowed models for its schools, its agriculture, ;s were then no schools, postal, telegraph and telephone sys- terns; from England those for its navy, no code of modern laws, its railway and steamships; from Germany its medical training and no modern facilities for travel and army; from France and Germany its judicial system; and from all the world commerce. The people were sharply its modern art, science, industries and the like, of necessity following its divided into clans hostile to each other. teachers somewhat slavishly at first, hoping for time to digest and assimi- There was no constitutional govern- late all this flood of new ideas, for not everything could be done at once. ment. There were no unity of social The departments most immediately or political life, no deliberative assem- blies. Religious forms and emblems existed on every hand, but the actual molding power exerted by religion upon the people was slight indeed. A recreant priesthood had become cor- rupt, profligate, ignorant, licentious.

Unrest was wide-spread. The time for a revolution had come, and it began * From Men and Missions.

PRESENT SITUATION IN JAPAN 6gr

demanded were those of Education, by education and by the new emphasis Communications, and Military, and placed upon commerce to a position of these have made the greatest power, but without moral change to relative progress. Material develop- lit him for his new and immensely ment naturally found ready wider responsibilities, while the Samusupport, to the neglect of the spiritual. rai, the soldier-scholar, is the police- The dangers arising from the pressure man, the officer, or the school-teacher. of a restless and aggressive neighbor The Court remains conservative and on the north, or a decadent one on the old-fashioned, as witness the recent west, were ever more apparent than Imperial funeral; while the rest of the those arising from the drifting of the people, under the influence of modern whole people into materialism, skepti- schools for half a century, are far cism and agnosticism. Consequently more liberal and progressive. From the military party has attained great an absolute monarchy, then, Japan has influence, and two victorious wars now become a constitutional governhave contributed mightily to the dom- ment; the people elect representatives inance of this party, retarding desir- to a Diet constitutionally empowered able development in other lines. Great to make the laws, subject to the apwar debts have brought burdensome proval of the Emperor; but in fact the taxation. To meet such conditions, Diet is ignored, overawed or defeated industries must be developed. As a in one way or another by the Bureaurecent writer puts it: "The rise of cracy. A people attaching the highest Japan, which has become the leader of importance to ceremonial politeness the East, is the result of no magical find it impossible to maintain their powers, but the fruit of study, in which ideals amid the onrush of the electric the books of the East played little car, the telephone, wireless, and at! part. A more difficult problem is to that belongs to this commercial age. maintain the position already won and The idea of an Emperor descended at the same time secure the happiness directly from the gods, and therefore of the people. The government of the worthy of worship, clashes with the new era will have to deal with growing idea of physical science as taught in domestic discontent. Taxation is op- the schools. The demands of the civil pressive, poverty is great; the man- law that the rights of the individual hood, the womanhood and the child- must be respected clashes with the hood of Japan are being sacrificed to demands of customs centuries old the idols of unbridled industrialism; which sink individual rights in the and in spite of all the national finances rights of the family. In dress, in are unstable. The elder statesmen, like the Russian colleagues with whom language, in literature, in art, in comthey have discovered a spiritual as merce -and cosmetics, in politics and well as a political affinity, have struck poetry, rice and religion, Japan is in a at the discontented with an iron hand; transition stage and is seeking to adbut the statesmen of the New Japan just herself wisely for her future and will have to work out some better gospel than Imperialism and repression if highest development. the new Japan is to win through her In the midst of such a clash of arms troubles." and ideas the claims of religion usually Social and Political Problems get scant recognition, and superficial observers have long been saying that As a consequence of this hasty the Japanese are not naturally a reliattempt to adjust Occidental ideas to gious people. If they are not, whence Oriental conditions the most contra- the thousands of temples and shrines, dictory conditions have arisen. The the priests and rich paraphernalia; merchant, lowest in the old social scale and seldom reliable, has been raised and what meant the millions of prayers throughout the empire for the recovery of the late Emperor, such appeals to

the gods as have seld~m before been environment, and for this peace is esknown? sential. The sensationalists who cry "war J war J" are the enemies of Japan. The Outlook In education, she must greatly multi- ply her schools of high grade and make This readjustment must go on, and them more practical, and must provide the resultant institutions will depend adequate moral instruction. In religion, largely upon the forces which direct the tide seems to be turning. The that readjustment. It is impossible to old Buddhism into new life, and the separate the religious question wholly Buddhists are imitating Christian from the political, social and industrial methods to a degree at once interesting conditions. Japan has long tried to and ridiculous; but while this may give find the soul-rest which she seeks. to the old faith a new lease of life, She first thought to find in universal the battle of the future for us may education the uplifting and strength- not relate chiefly to Buddhism. The ening power she needed, and she has following from the pen of Count Herworked the school system till, in I91O, mann Keyserling contains a sugges- 98 per cent. of the children of school tion: "The soul of Japan is patriotism age were in attendance upon the -not spiritual religion like India, nor schools. But education has not brought the striving to express the idea of cosrest. She next turned to the military mic harmony in actual life as in China; power, for she must defend her nation- patriotism is the deepest as well as the al life, and won great victories; but one real thing in Japan. Now to this these victories brought debts, heavy reality the Shinto religion corresponds taxation, and still greater unrest. Mor- very much better than either Buddhism al conditions have not improved. The or Christianity, tho they are unquesstruggle for existence is greater than tionably the deeper forms of faith. ever. Yet improvement is going on. Therefore, a wise government could In politics, "an autocratic, irrespon- not possibly do better than encourage sible beaureaucracy which, happily, the Shinto religion whenever the occahas outlived itself, is now tottering sion presents itself; it is the best means toward its fall," and the people will to stimulate what is deepest in the win greater power. In finance, the Japanese. On the other hand, if new government is determined to re- Shinto be indeed the best expression of duce taxation, ease the burdens of the this its traditional form will present people and promote national well-be- itself whenever deep emotions are coning. In industries, attention is being cerned. A curious illustration octurned to the necessity of building upon solid foundations, of observing curred only the other day. The stustrictly the demands of business integ- dents of bacteriology at Tokyo erected rity, of working together for the com- a shrine to the celebrated Dr. Koch. mon good. Factory laws are being I do not think those highly educated enacted, and the laborer protected as men believed for a moment that Koch a valuable unit of society. In military had become a god, but the erecting of affairs, the army and navy are being developed to the highest state of effi- the shrine was the most natural exciency-a necessity so long as condi- pression for them of their reverence tions in the Far East remain as they for a great man. And I feel sure that are-and the military party maintains the fact of their having erected it undue influence because of these condi- reacts on their minds and souls, so that tions. But the one thing for which they now are following in the foot- Japan prays is for continued peace. Her future as a nation depends upon steps of the master (Koch) with a her being able to develop her institu- twofold enthusiasm and energy." tions both at home and in Formosa and Korea, adjust herself to the new Recent events have given great emphasis to Shinto, tho already de- clared by Imperial edict not to be a religion at all, and with this faith

PRESENT SITUATION IN

Christianity may count upon having complex Chinese rates of exchange a sharp contest, as also with the wide- require accountants specially trained in spread agnostic and materialistic spirit them, one might expect to find Chinese of modern Japan. men so employed; but this is a totally Some leading men in Japan have different proposition.

been thinking seriously of late, and one Sweeping statements condemnatory result was the "Three Religions Con- of a whole people are wrong, whether ference" of March 25, 1912, in which the statement has reference to their "the new government has given un- honesty, their social purity, their reli- mistakable evidence of a friendly atti- ability in business contracts or other- tude toward Christianity and a dis- wise. The Japanese are not all honest.

position to emphasize the place of reli- but as a people their standing will gion in society in a broad and liberal compare well in this respect with any spirit. All the forces of her new life other non-Christian people.

should lead her toward the Christian Their social life is far from ideal; faith, and will ultimately do so if those but can Americans afford to boast and responsible for the Christian propa- to institute comparisons unfavorable ganda do their duty toward her." to the Japanese? The women of Japan are as a class as virtuous and as Misconceptions About the Japanese faithful to the marriage relations as To write satisfactorily of the present are the women of any non-Christian situation in Japan is no easy task. No people, and one can not but admire writer or speaker can in a single article their patience, their loyalty to the home or address so outline conditions here as and their fortitude under trials which not to leave incorrect impressions at would severely test the mettle of any some points. Beyond this real diffi- people. culty of correctly representing Japan, because of the complexity of the tran- Nor are the Japanese as a people sition stage through which she- is pass- dishonest, tho there are aggravating ing, there are many false statements cases of violation of contract among made concerning the people-their them. I know business houses all over honesty, their social conditions, their the land which are considered as relibusiness integrity, and the like, which, able as are the best of those of Europe tho repeatedly contradicted by plat- or America, and I know individual form and press, stilI persist. Japanese who are as scrupulously exact in dealing as is any man of any For example, it is repeatedly as- clime or race. There are firms and serted, even by some who have trav- men not so reliable, just as is the case eled in the Far East, that the J.apa- in other countries, but these are not in nese are so dishonest that they are the majority anywhere. compelled to employ Chinese accountants in their banks to insure their One serious fault on the part oE integrity. I have lived in Japan nearly 30 years, have traveled the length and those who would judg-e accurately of breadth of the land, have dealt with the present situation in Japan is the scores of Japanese banks, and I can fact that they do not sufficiently take challenge any man to find a Chinese into account the past history of the employed in any Japanese bank in Ja- Japanese-the effect of heredity. They pan proper. They are not employed have seen first China and then Russia there and have not been. In a /oreig11 humbled by Japan, and they jump to bank brought over to some open port the conclusion that Japanese advanceas a branch from some banking institu- ment in every department of her nation in China in earlier years, or in a tional life parallels that which they think her military glory has demon- strated.

Japanese bank in Formosa, or China, The Christian Forces or Korea, where many Chinese are Christianity has already made great customers and where the exceedingly inroads. The changes leading toward

the Christian goal are everywhere forces with which we have to contend manifest in the present-day Japan, and are vastly greater than is commonly there is much to encourage. Thirty supposed. A recent careful and sysyears have seen immense changes. tematic canvass of the field reveals the Then we had scarcely a church build- following situation:- ing in the land; now I,600 of them. Then very few acknowledged our I missionary to I2S,000 population. Lord; now there are 84,000 Protestant I Japanese preacher to 50,000 popumembers. Then scarce an ordained lation. native minister; now 665. Then the I Japanese worker, all told, to only Sunday-schools were close to the 36,000 population. missionary's home; now there are I Christian worker to 920 popula- I,8so of them. Then the scholars in tion. these schools were largely the pupils I meeting-place to 25,000 populain the few Christian schools; now we tion. have IOO,ooo such children in the At least 40,000,000 of the people Sunday-schools, and when 12,000 of have had as yet not one fair chance to them gathered in one hall in Tokyo know Jesus Christ or to hear of His recently it made an impression that salvation. The wide-spread opinion in has been lasting. Then not a self-sup- America that the work in Japan is porting church in the land; now 174 about done is very largely wrong. We of them, and the church is steadily greatly need help in this battle, espegrowing in power. ciall~)' for the next decade. The posi- tion of Japan in the Far East, the But the task ahead of the Christian entire situation demands mighty prayer worker is increasingly difficult. The and united effort.

BIBLE SCENES AND CUSTOMS IN KOREAN LIFE* BY MRS. W. A. VENABLE HE Bible student in~ them feel that the mISSIOn of the Peninsula people is spiritual rather mT Korea is almost con- than political. stantly reminded of the striking resemblance of Again, Korea is largely a country l Korean scenes and cus- of hins. The view from a mountain- toms to those of Pales- tine with which the top resembles earth waves. The words of the Psalmist, "As the hills are round Bible is so vivid. Perhaps somewhat about Jerusalem, so the Lord is round about them that fear Him," are often to this is due the ready response of the brought to mind, and a walk in the fresh morning air makes the fancy Korean to the Bible message. of "the little hills rejoicing on every side," quite real. 'Korea, like Palestine, A glance at the map shows a simi- has a distinct wet and dry season, and to a less degree, "early and latter larity of natural position between rains." Farming is one of the chief occupations, and the expression from Palestine and the Land of the Morning the first chapter of Isaiah, "As a lodge in a garden of cucumbers," presents a Calm; Palestine, by her geographical vivid picture to the Korean mind. In raising rice and other crops, they alposition. was in the center of that won- ways have a lodge, a rude affair of derful Mediterranian life which yet thrills the student of history; and Korea occupies a like position with reference to the Asiatic powers.

Politically, too, the comparison is very striking. Korean Christians fre- quently refer to this, and many of • From the Missionary Survey.

SCENES AND CUSTOMS IN KOREAN LIFE

four poles supporting a straw mat, for The question of eating meat offered the keeper of the field who from this to idols is a vital one to the new Chris- slight shelter frightens the birds from tian. Here in our own congregation, the grain. After the crop is harvested, new converts have been offered meat this lodge is left to the weather and which had been used as a sacrifice in nothing is more typical of dilapidation. ancestor-worship, and Paul's counsel· The grinding of grain is said to be has been quite pertinent. Concubi- done by the same method as that em- nage is another question which bothers ployed by the women of Palestine. It many a would-be church member.

is common to see the "two women Taking off the shoes as a mark of grinding at a mil1." The well is a respect is a constant practise. Here, familiar part of the setting of Bible too, mourners are hired.

stories. And here, too, it is woven in The father of the home is an abso- with many stories of the people. Wells lute ruler, and Koreans are not 8ur- are usually in common, only a few in prized that Benjamin, as the father of a village, and about them the women 10 sons, and probably nearly 40 years gather bearing their earthen water old, is referred to as a "lad" and sub- jars, and here much of the village gos- ject to his father's wishes.

sip is related. This affords opportu- The Mosaic law of the relatives of nity for telling these thirsty ones of the a murdered man avenging the crime, Water of Life. Jacob does not meet tho an unwritten law here, is practised.

Rachel at a well in Korea, nor men Murder is very uncommon. Here, rarely go to a well when women are too, debt descends from father to son, about. and may cause a whole family to be Salutations in Korea savor of those seized. Slavery also exists.

of the Bible, and the Korean knows Lazarus laid at the rich man's gate that the errand of the seventy was is a familiar sight. Beggars will sit truly urgent when Christ commanded at one's gate or door-step until noticed, them to "Salute no man by the way." all the time crying their distresses in Here it is first in the code of ethics. wailing tones. However, compared You may steal from your neighbor and with Palestine, beggars are few. Le- be respectable; but you must not fail pers are very common in southern to greet him properly. The most com- Korea, tho they do not cry, "Unclean, mon greeting, "Are you in peace?" unclean." reminds us sadly that many are saying. Young women cover their heads and men wear long robes. Women are "Peace, peace, and there is no peace." essentially keepers at home. The Hospitality is extended to anyone, greatest bJessing a woman can know is that of bearing a son. and it is easy for the Korean to understand how unbidden guests were al- These are only some of the resemlowed at feasts of the Bible narratives. blances observed by a comparative The crowd of sightseers is always a newcomer to Korea. There are doubtpart of a Korean feast. less many, many more. Are they not One appreciates the importance of rather interesting? The greatest resemhaving his lamp ready as the Wise blance consists in Korea's attitude Virgins, as, except in the main streets toward the One God, or "Hananeim" of large cities, the lantern is a necessity (One Great One), as contrasted with on dark nie:hts. nations about her. It is not at all uncommon, however, to hear Koreans The custom of bidding guests to a wedding feast after all things are pre- in their public prayers now, ask that pared, is found here. Runners are this people in so many ways like the sent out with a message not unlike the Children of Israel, may not turn away "Come, for all things are now ready," from God. God grant that in this, and should "all with one consent make there may be no possible comparison excuse," the feast would certainly not between the people of Palestine and lack guests. those of Korea.

AFRICAN'S STORY OF THE PRODIGAL

(!JI T is not some stranger (young man) with lots of money to who comes to speak to spend ever lack for friends? But his you this morning the money finished, and the famine came words of God, but only in a line. Then he went to his friends, I, Iso, who for four who had been as many· as mandioc years has been speak- leaves. And what did they say to him ing to you these same when he asked for a little food? Thev words, and who has been teaching you asked him, "Do we know you? Surely from the beginning of Jesus Christ. you must be some stranger, for ycu Listen, then, to your elder brother. speak our language badly." Then he became as thin as my little finger, be- Some of you here are those who try cause in that land there was not any to follow Jesus, but others of you do food. Finany he went to one of their not know Him or His Father, so I have chiefs, like our chief Lonjataka (who a word for all of you. First of all, I was sitting on the platform), and said want you chiefs and elders, you women to him: "I am dying with hunger. and children, sitting here all rubbed Give me some work, that I may not with your "ngola" (red paint) to listen die." So this chief gave him the to the message the only Son of God filthy task of looking after some wild sends to you. So spread wide your pigs which he had tamed, but the pay ears while I read to you from the was so small that he had to eat the Book of God. mandioc peelings which the pigs left.

(Here he read Luke IS:4-24.) Then he grew homesick, and went back to his father. He went back God's Desire for Man ragged and dirty and thin, but his father had not slept in bed since his Many of you think that God has no son had gone away. An day and an desire for people to be saved. But do day he sat in the doorway and watched you not see that your own witch-doctor out the path down which that son had gives medicine only to those who are gone away; then, when the sun set he sick? Because you have not yet wished just stretched himself out there by that to be saved, you are not able to recog- door. So, farther away than anyone nize God's desire for you. Those else could see, the father saw his son Pharisees thought God wanted only coming. and ran to meet him with the good people to be saved, so the wonderful joy. The son tried to tell Lord had to tell them these three par- of his sorrow, but the father shouted ables, so that all people would know to the slaves to bring clothes and rings that He is running over with longing for adorning his son, and to kill quickfor the bad folks to be saved. ly the fatted animals. Then they danced and ate and lau,g-hed and their You were just now at the beach, and stomachs sat down with joy, for the sawall those people baptized. That one who had been dead had been means that the Shepherd of men has awakened. found 160 of His sheep who were lost in the woods. You know nothing Wandering Sheep about heaven, but I know that to-day the angels are leaping and shouting Now, you who steal and fight, you with joy because all these have come who used to kill people, you are that back again to their home. child who wandered away. You were not so bad when you were children. That younger brother started out to You didn't buy medicine of the Bon- kang-a when you were babies, that you do just as his stomach liked. And how might kill other children; but now you about the people of that strange country-were they slow to make friends with him? Mongo! Did a bosekota * Sennon preached by Evangelist Iso Timothy at Monieka, Africa, just after 160 people had heren baptized, August 11, 1912. This sermon was preached during Secretary Corey's visit to Monieka. There was a great audience. which overflowed the large mud and thatch church. Iso spoke in Lon· kunda. and A. F. lIensey translated the message. Reprinted from The Mission",.:! [ntelligencer. do that very thing, so you are the lost If some of you do not watch your sheep. But never forget that God is thoughts, you are going to spoil your searching for you, and that He will hearts in searching for clothes and never forget you. .If you repent, He other things of the white man. These will never say to you, "Go away, you j" are good things, but do not think that nor will He ever remind you of your eternal1ife is hidden away in the white sins. If He were like, people He man's "benkoto." Did you ever see a would remind you of how many people baby born with clothes on ? We shall you killed in the rubber wars, but He go back to God just that naked. forgets as well as forgives.

I know that you think you are all We Are People right just as you are, with your dozens One more message is there in my of wives, with your wicked moonlight heart,and it was taught to me by the dances, and your secret "belenga" with eleventh line of this third division of the witch-doctors. But God tells me the Book of Colossians. You know to remind you that the sheep who wan- that the traders and State officials call der in the forest soon die with the cold us "nyama"-beasts, animals-but our rain if they are not caught quickly missionaries forget the color of our by a leopard, and that the younger skins and tell us that salvation is a brother's friends turned away from matter of the heart. They have taught him when he needed them. Don't us that the Church does not belong to think that you are to'o wicked, for the them, nor to any other man, but to hearts of those who were baptized to- Christ our Lord. day were just like yours, but think only of Jesus, who spreads out His Our Elder from America is with us hands toward you as One who prays, here to-day. When he was in his own and entreats you to give Him your land, Brother Corey heard that we stomachs (hearts), saying, "Come were accepting Jesus Christ, he woncome, come!" dered, and was glad. When some peo- ple said that it was just like throwing Now, so many of you have just be- money in the river to try to make new come Christians, and none of you have people of us, he told them always that been following the Master very long, we were people, just as they were, and so I want all here who are called by that we were part of the one Church. the holy name of Christian to listen while I read them some words from Here in Monieka you are proud be- the Book of Kolosai. cause you belong to the Elinga people, (Here he read Colossians 3: 1-17.) and some of you scorn the Mbole and Take Care the Mkundo and the Bokala and the , Now, a beautiful thing for us to Mbengi. ,Shall the white people call remember about baptism is that it is not only the division line between the us their brothers and sisters in C1'h0ruismt~ world and life, but that it is also the and we despise our own race? 0 resurrection of the spirit. So Jet us really do as the Book says, and stop wa joi O! We are penitent of our terthinking always of the things that are rible sins, and full of zeal for service, low. You young men desire each of but if we divide into classes in this you a wife, and that is a praiseworthy wish. But you have no money to buy Church of the Master, it will never be a wife, ,so your h~athen mothers will a great Church. .

To-morrow we must part from Ejimo Mpela (Mr. Corey), but in the never-ending mercy of our Father, we refuse tobuy you Christian wives, and shall all meet together afterward in will try to get you to accept a heathen heaven, and no one will ask from what woman. Get along without a wife, for tribe or race we came.

in heaven· they will neither buy nor So my last word to you is this: If sell wives, and there will be no· mar- we love God, let us love also onr riages. brethren.

EDITORIALS

A DEPARTMENT OF METHODS ers. who will help to shape the policy of this magazine and to make its work T o have something to say worth more effective at home and abroad. saying is of first importance to Already some of the most effective a speaker, but to know how to say it speakers and writers on missionary so as to produce a desired effect is topics have signified their readiness to almost equally important. To engage serve, and we hope to be able to anin a noble enterprise is a prime re- nounce the full plan next month. quisite to those who would make their lives count for God, but to know how FACTS FOR FUEL to make every effort tell mightily is necessary for success. High ideals Every third person who lives and are desirable, spiritual power is the breathes upon the earth is a Chinese. sine qua. nMt, but practical methods make the progress more sure. Every month in China, 1,000,000 souls pass into eternity. Beginning with the October number of the REVIEW we plan to conduct Ten thousand foreign missionaries a department of Missionary Methods are needed in China, if there is to be for Workers at Home. This will in- one for every 25,000 of the populaclude plans and suggestions for pas- tion. tors, missionary societies, young people's organizations, Sunday-schools, In the United States there is one and laymen. The department will be Gospel worker or evangelist to every conducted by Miss Belle M. Brain, 48 people. author of "Holding the Ropes," etc.- a woman of wide reading and experi- One thousand five hundred and ence. She will search the horizon far fifty-seven of the 2,033 walled cities of and near for ideas and plans that have China have as yet no resident misproved effective and for charts that sionary. Tens of thousands of towns may be useful in awakening interest and villages have no center of Gospel and in achieving other desired results. light. No province is adequately Any of our readers who can contribute worked. useful suggestions to this department will confer a favor by sending them Even after a century's work, out of to Miss Brain, College Hill, Schenec- every I,()()() people 999 have no Bible, tady, New York. even if every copy printed were still in use. The program for the October Department will consist of charts and China is under the hammer and the suggestions that have proved effective devil is an active bidder. in stimulating interest in missionary books, periodicals and leaflets. Plans I can not, I dare not go up to judgwill be given that have introduced ment until I have done the utmost God such literature into Sunday-schools, enables me to do to diffuse his glory societies, and homes. Many a worker to the world.-AsABEL GRANT. will find new joy and power in service with such help from those who have The most pathetic feature of the had wide experience. The editor will condition of the heathen is their igwelcome comments on this department. norance of their need.-RoBERT E. SPEER. A MISSIONARY REVIEW COUNCIL Missions have weight with you just "IN a multitude of counsellors there in proportion as you are interested in is wisdom." Recognizing the God.

truth of this saying, the editors of the The disasters of the world shock REVIEW plan to form a council of us, but the wail of the lost does not leading missionary workers and writ- even disturb the profound slumber of many churches.

Hear this cry of a Hindu woman, "0 God, let no more women be born in India!"

WORLD-WIDE

MISSIONARY NEWS JAPAN AND KOREA Japan and her subjects are to re- ceive a different treatment at the Religious Statistics of Japan hands of Americans than is accorded to Europeans. It is quite impossible THE following official statistics of for the Japanese to understand that religious bodies in Japan have what is done in California can be done without the full consent and been published by the Japanese Bu- approval of Washington. reau of Religion: Furthermore, Japan is in a state Christians ……………… . 140,000 of unusual unrest; the late change of Buddhists ……………… . 29,420,000 rulers and an unwonted freedom in Believing Buddhists …….. . 18,910,000 criticism of the Government have Shintoists ……………… . 19,390,000 brought the nation into a very sen- Believing Shintoists ……… . 710,000 sitive situation. In this connection Temples with priests …….. . 72,128 it is of interest to note that at the Temples without priests ….. . 37,417 Continuation Conferences recently held there was practical unanimity in It is especially remarkable that of the view that the force of evangelisthe adherents of Shinto, which is the tic missionaries should be as speedily State religion, so few are Shintoists as possible doubled. by conviction and in fact (that is "believing"), but it is declared to be What Are Japanese Women Like? true, because every official, officer, and teacher, must be a nominal UMEKO TSUDA, the "American- Shintoist, tho he may be a Bud- ized Japanese woman," as she dhist in reality. Of the temples is known in Japan, has come to without priests, large numbers are America on a visit. She is the closed, and many others abandoned president of the Japanese Young as speedily as possible. Women's Christian Association, which she represented at the con- The number of Christians reported ference of the TorId Student Chrisis supposed to include Roman and tian Federation, held lately at Lake Greek Catholics, but the enumeration Mohonk. She is the founder and is incomplete. Baptized Protestants president of a College for Girls in alone number over 80,000, and with Tokyo. Miss Tsuda was one of the adherents must reach about 120,000. first five Japanese girls who were Roman Catholics report 65,000 (in- sent to America in 1851 to obtain cluding children), and Greek Catho- their education, she being only six lics claim 30,000. This would make years old at the time. She received a total nominal Christian popUlation elementary education in Washington, in Japan of over 200,000 men, wom- D. C, and later was graduated from en and children. Bryn Mawr College.

Influence of California on Missions in "I am very sorry that our women are so misunderstood by some Amer- Japan icans," said Miss Tsuda. "To some Americans Japanese women seem to HE injurious effect upon mis- be meek little things without any T sionary work of the recent ex- high ideals. These Americans have citement over the California land a poor opinion of our women because bills is reported by Rev. John L. they met women of the lower order Deering, of the American Baptist and thought that they represented Mission in Japan, who says that the all Japanese women. If Americans engendering of such a spirit of illwill as has been manifest can not be easily removed. This is largely traceable to the extreme sensitiveness of the nation on the question whether

really knew Japan they would have and a congregation of 300. Fortydifferent ideas. Our women are of eight were baptized at one time. strong personality. They do not This is not an unusual incident. talk much, nor do they dress conspicuously, like some of their West- New Lines of Work in Korea ern sisters, but they think more than many of their Western sisters, and T HE work of opening and sustaindress more gracefully." ing preaching places has largely been done by the missionaries; and An Interesting Japanese Tribute so great is it that in many places they can visit the people but twice CHARACTERISTIC Japanese a year. The conviction is growing idiom translated into English that the missionaries should give phraseology makes a peculiarly in- their time more largely to training teresting combination. From Port the native teachers and pastors to Arthur, Manchuria, Rev. A. V. Bryan go out among their own people and sends an especially attractive speci- enter the many open doors. The men of this sort of Japanese-English plan of those most active in this in an essay written by one of his method of work is to teach a class students. of 20 for a month and send them out; while they are out, another "I think the only arm (weapol1) similar class is taught and made of religionists is their kindness (or ready to go on the return of the love). They rush even into savage former. This process is to continue places with that arm, and triumph as long as necessary or possible. everywhere. If they had lost that powerful arm they would have fallen But the very latest phase of work into unfortunate fortune in those of the Christians in Korea is with places. I know many missionaries the heathen children. This began had died in uncivi'ized parts. for sake in the south of Korea, and is rapidly of their faith, but I mean if they extending over the whole country, had lost the kindness in their minds promising very much. Heretofore, they must have died much more." the missionaries have given their at- tention almost exclusively to the The teacher's comment is: "If bringing of the adults into the such a thing does not make a mis- church, and the Sabbath-schools have sionary happy, he ought to be kicked. consisted almost entirely of the chil- What is all the routine and fatigue dren of native Christians. The new compared with such a testimony as movement collects the children of this from a non-Christian?" heathen parents, under the general supervision of the missionaries, but Eager for the Gospel in Korea under the immediate care of the na- tive church. The church sends its THE following incident told the own members among the heathen of writer by the chief actor in it its own city and into the surroundwill show how readily the Koreans ing villages, and opens a school. The receive the Gospel. The missionary Christian members actually go into and his native helper were belated the llOll-Christian homes and lead the one night among the islands, and children of those homes to the school, put ashore for the night. They remaining at the service to assist preached to a chance crowd that and support the teacher. Some gathered to them at the landing, churches are conducting fr0111 six to evening and morning, and left tracts eight of these schools on the Saband a manual showing how to con- bath-of from 60 to 200 members. duct services. In a year the mis- One group of missions added 2,200 sionary returned, and found a con- scholars to its rolls in this manner gregation of I 50 gathered. There is now at that place, three years after, in a year. These children are first a Christian church of 125 members, won, and then their parents.

WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY NEWS

. Koreans Goin~ as Missionaries ferellt churches, some of them speak- MORE than 100,000 Koreans have ing three or four times to interested emigrated to Siberia, and the audiences. Important conferences movement thither continues on a were also held with the Korean and constantly increasing scale. Korean with Japanese workers, as well as colporteurs of the Bible Society, with the missionaries and members of seeking to furnish their expatri- the Korean Sunday-school Associaated countrymen with Scriptures, tion.

are imprisoned by Russian police THE CHINESE REPUBUC and their stock of Bibles confiscated. But they persist in preach- Christian Officials in Kwan,tun, T ing in prison, and writing Scripture HOSE who have investigated tell us that 6S per cent. of the prestexts on prison walls for the edification of prisoners to come. Mr. Kim ent officials in the Kwangtung prov- -a successful school teacher, the ince are either members of Christian head of five country schools, which churches, or in such close connecon his conversion became five tion with churches that they call churches as well-crossing into Si- themselves Christians. A district beria on evangelization excursions, magistrate, formerly a preacher, says has lain in Russian jails four differ- that no item of business is transent times for preaching the Word. acted in his yamen on Sunday. He Nevertheless, he has left behind him holds religious services and still in Siberia seven different Korean preaches as opportunity offers. Anchurches, founded through his ef- other man is prefect in the same forts. yamen where, more than a dozen years ago, he had been beaten 500 Sunday.school Commission in Korea blows on account of his connection I N the first part of April, Sunday- with mission work. The commis- school Commission NO.4 visited sioner of education is dean of the Korea. On their arriv:lI the party .Canton Christian College. The pro- split up into divisions, which visited vincial judge is a Christian, the son nearly all of the more accessible of of a preacher. The man in the the mission stations in Korea, and Foreign Bureau, who conducts the after these trips to the interior sta- business with consuls of other coun- tions the members of the commis- tries, was the principal of the high sion gathered in Seoul. school of the Southern Baptist Mis- On the afternoon of the 19th a sion. This list could be extended, great demonstration and parade waf but the above is sufficient to show held by most of the Sunday-schools how strangely different is the pres- of the city in the grounds of the ent from even the near past when, North Palace. Each school, on en- with the exception of a few minor tering the grounds, reported its num· postal agents in the country, you bers to the marshals at the gate, and would scarcely find anywhere a the total reached almost 15,000. The Christian occupying an official posi- many streaming banners and the tion.-The Chinese Recorder.

thousands of men in snowy white A Remarkable Chinese Chri.tian with the women and children in their S parti.colored clothes, made an im- HI KWEI BIAO is one of the great evangelists of the district of pressive sight. Still more impressive was the volume of sound which Chuchau, where he has given the rolled out when the Lord's Prayer strength of his years in the service of was repeated in union and when the Christ. He was baptized by Dr.

hymns were sung. Macklin, of the Foreign Christian On Sunday the members of the Missionary Society,. in Nanking, in commission were assigned to the dif- 1888, at the age of '43, and has done

splendid work, especially during the fest faith in Christ, he petitioned for last five years, first as pastor, later divine help in their distress. God as evangelist at large. During the heard the prayer and the young man's recent revolution and its battles, Shi life was saved.

was used in a remarkable manner for When everything had quieted down.

the preservation of the city of Chu- in the city, Shi went among the sol- diers of the new republic and preached chau. Vhen the first war cloud arose to them with great power and re- markable acceptance. Twenty-three over the land and the people began to flee, Shi persuaded the Christians of these soldiers have been baptized to remain in the city, showing them since. that every place was likely to have danger, and that faith in God would Shi now has charge of the evangelkeep them best on known ground. He istic work in N antullg-chau. He is a also persuaded the newly elected city remarkable, spirit-filled man.

judge to accept the place of president The Roman Catholic Church in China of the local Red Cross Association.

When the rival leaders of the repub- "CATHOLIC MISSIONS", the lican forces in the city were likely to monthly magazine of the society precipitate war within the city and for the Propagation of the Faith, in sacrifice innocent lives, Shi was asked New York, has published a mOst inter- co accompany and aid the missiona- esting Census of the Church in China, ries in an attempt to intervene between I9IO. According to it the following the rivals. "Let us pray," said Shi, orders and Catholic Foreign Mission- before they started, and those three ary Societies are at work in China: words were often on his lips in the next Jesuits (in Chi-Ii and Kaing-Nan), dark days. Often he would lead the Lazarists (in Chi-Ii, Kiang-si, and missionaries on to their knees, and Che-kiang), Franciscans (in Shensi, then he would walk forward with per- Shansi, Shantung, Hupt and Hunan), fect faith. God heard him. Hostili- Augustinians (1ll i 1unan) , Domini- ties ceased temporarily, and finally cans (in Fl1chau and in Amoy), Mi- permanent peace was gained for the lan F. M. S. (in Honon and in Hong- city. All felt that, under God, Shi kong), Paris F.M.S. (in Manchuria, had saved the city from the hands of Kwei-chan, Szechuan. Kienchang.

the spoiler. Yunan, Kwan-Tong, Kwang-Si, and The great Christian has never had Tibet), Scheut Belgian F. M. S. (in a fair education, is frugal in his Mongolia, Sin Kiang, and Kansu), dress, and lives very simply. There- Rome F. M. S. (in Shensi), Steyl fore, the learned and the rich among German-Holland F. M. S. (in Shan- his heathen countrymen have not tung), and Parma F. M. S. (in Ho- taken to him as others do. But in nan).

the days of peril, they forgot all pre- The Roman Catholic Church in judice .against him, when a young man China has 49 bishops, 43 Apostolic of the educated class had been caught Vicariates, 3 Apostolic l:'refectures, in a traitorous act. His friends, who and 2 Dioceses (of Macao and IE).

were the most influential people in The European priests number rA30 the city, tried to help him, but failed. and the Chinese priests 700, so that Then they came to the missionaries the total missionary force is 2, 179.

and to Shi. When they requested The number of Christians in 1910 is them to go before the military author- given at 1,364,618 .and the number of ities, Shi rose and took off his hat. baptisms at 95,382 from 1909-1910.

He had kept it on in the presence of Thus, we are told, there was one Ro- the great men, but now he was first man Catholic priest for every 187,371 going into the presence of his God, Chinese or for every 627 Chinese with bared head. In the presence of Christians, while one out of every 299 the influential men who had never pro- Chinese belonged to the Roman Catha–

WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY

lic Church. The Catechumens in 1910 map of China-the one mission-sta- were 407,785, the pupils in the 5,262 tion in the empire, Canton, being schools were 93,858, the ecclesiastical easily indicated on the general map students in 64 seminaries were 1,684, of Asia. Then drawing attention to and the churches numbered 6,891. the contrast at the end of these 74 The extent of the benevolent and years, he said that last Sabbath not charitable work of Roman Catholics less than 3,000 congregations of in China becomes apparent from the Cbristian people would be worship- fact that they report 260 Orphan Asy- ing God in Cbina. Mission stations lums, 37 Hospitals, and 90 other Char- and out-stations number about 4,000, itable Institutions. with about 15,000 Chinese helpers, 550 Chinese pastors being set aside Literature for Oriental Women for the work-all these apart from OUR missionaries all over the Orient the missionary staff. Referripg to will welcome the new commis- the province of Chekiang, he showed sions that are to come about as the re- that last year it contained no fewer sult of the action taken at the Inter- than 896 chapels, with 1,400 Chinese denominational Conference of Wom- helpers, and at least 20,000 Christian en's Boards in Philadelphia. The im- communicants.

mediate emergency in China is being Great Demand for the Bible met, to some extent, by the publication of a magazine financed by the CHINA continues to show an ex- Christian Literature Society, and traordinary interest in the Scripedited by Miss Laura M. White, of tures. Writing from Shanghai, Dr. our Nanking Girls' College. The first G. H. Bondfield reports that the isnumber is just off the press. This will sues from the Bible House there for be a union publication, used by all the month of April alone exceeded Christian workers. The college girls and graduates are now at work trans- 317,000 volumes. During the first lating and adapting stories, articles on four months of this year 158,000 teaching and on mothering, and re- more books were issued than during ligious articles. So we are not only the corresponding four months of bringing out a magazine that will be 1912. The increased demand is not of present great usefulness, but we are merely for Gospels, but for Bibles thus training young women who will and Testaments; nearly 5,000 more be the future editors for the great Bibles and 6,600 more Testaments have been called for.

republic. Are we not wise to be first The New Woman in China I in the field with a magazine, which, T is certainly true that the edu- while not neglecting matters of every- cated women of China are making day interest to the hearts of women, a name and a place for themselves, shall furnish only what is wholesome and are working hard to better the and sane, together with Christian condition of woman as a whole. A ethics, clean stories and healthy fun? visitor to that country to-day will Thank God we are in time in China! find Chinese women as the heads of At present this publication will be is- hospitals and in some cases also con- sued only in Mandarin, or easy Wenli, ducting nurses' training-schools. They but this touches IS out of the 18 are principals of large government provinces.-World-'W'ide Missions. or private schools for girls, and many A Strikinlr Contrast of . them are doing excellent work.

A few young women have graduated HOLDING in his hand what he from American colleges, but the ma- believed to be a copy of the first jority of principals and teachers are modern missionary atlas-published the products of mission or govern- in 1839-Mr. Marshall BnlOmhalI, ment schools. The very wealthy, of B.A., remarked that it included no course, have private tutors, and some

of the women most zealous in found· , Famine Feared in China A ing schools for girls have been from NOTHER famine is threatened in China. A cable message from princely families. The ladies in their homes, are also ·Bishop White, in charge of the An- working for reforms, and thousands 'glican Mission' in Honan Province, signed petitions sent to Englitnd pro· says: "The famine is very severe.

testing against the opium trade which •All Honan is involved. Faifong very, that country forces on China. They serious.H It is said to be caused by are forming anti-cigaret leagues and extreme drought. For several years holding meetings, at which some of crops have been poor. Last summer them preside, and speak with great rain failed entirely in Honan. A intelligence and dignity.-Popular missionary writes that starvation is Science Monthly. staring many people in the face.

Activity in South China INDIA, BURMA AND CEYLON REV. A. A. FULTON writes from The Stronghold of Hinduism Canton: During the past year I built four churches, with Chinese co- T HE stronghold of Hinduism is operation, and we are building two in the hearts of the women, and more, and plans are laid for begin- till we have Christian mothers we ning work on others as fast as the Chinese can raise funds. Never have can not have a Christian race. The we had such opportunities as at this time. At no time could I leave my effect of Western secular education field in better care and entirely in charge of native forces. I have four is that the majority of men of the strong ordained men in my field, and the work will be placed in their care, higher classes lose the religion their and no foreigner need visit the field during my absence. That has not mothers have taught them, and have been the case heretofore. Again I shall have some strong facts to put nothing to put in its place; and so before the Church as to the fruitfulness of this work. In my field is a are, as Pundita Ramabai says, "withpresbytery composed entirely of Chinese members. . At a recent meeting out God, going down socially and I was only adviser, and they elected their own moderator, appointed com- morally, and becoming very irreligimittees, reported a home missionary ous.H There is an open door for societj organized, to which $500 was work among the low-caste women. paid in last December, and they have Down-trodden and despised, the Gosa sustentation fund of $1,400 in bank. pel message comes to 'them as a blest Two able young preachers were ordained and five young men taken ·hope, and many thousands might be under care of presbytery. The 16 churches reported 624 adults and brought in if we could supply teach- 160 children baptized last year. I began in that field 20 years ago ers.-Life. and Work. ' with four poor shops for chapels and 40 scattered converts. I feel The Blight of Islam that we have not a week to lose, much less a year. The next five H£NDUISM, as I see it to-day (says years will be of supreme importance Rev. N. L. Rockly, in an article in foundation work in China. They in the Mas/em .World .on "Islam in have the highest regardEor America: Oudh"), is. not the Hinduism I met and this is a .big asset. ;25 years, ago, and i.t is not the same .th3.t the next generation of mission- -raries. must face. It is on the' wane. can see for .it only three goals ahead-Infidelity, Mohammedanism, Christianity–.:.and its best votaries' of to·day can ncit yet say among which it will pitch its latest tent. . . . Thus, many, many Hindus are being surely drawn into the Mohammedan net. They themselves may ha:~ly subscribe to any part of the creed, but their children will go fatther, and maybe become engulfed: in its

WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY

rigidity. If they do, they will be fur- The plan contemplates the bUilding •ther away from Christ than they now of a van and fitting it up with beds, are as Hindus. 0, Church of God, table, lockers for clothes, bedding awake to the situation! and provisions-everything required To Work for Low Caste. in an itineratlng tour. The idea has been in practical effect in some other 'THE Cockin Argus brings news of a large conference held at Erna- missions. A careful investigation has culam, the capital of Cochin State, to convinced our missionaries that the concert measures for the uplifting of introduction of the motor car would the Pulayas-a class of low caste greatly increase the efficiency of the people who number in all about 300,- work, promote the health of the mis- -000, and who are known as siaves sionaries and enlarge the sphere of operation.-United Presbyterian. and do the work of slaves in Tra- vancore and Cochin. Over 2,000 What the Bible Did for 'Him A PuIayas attended the conference at N Indian gentleman, holding a responsible position under governwhich was present also a number of Christians, including Europeans, and ment, in the Northern provinces of Hindus of Cochin. A memorial in- Behar, and about to be transferred tended for submis5ion to the Dewan to another district, was recently in- (prime minister) of Cochin, to permit vited by his friends to a farewell them to use the public roads and meeting organized in his honor. In thoroughfares, and to admit their reply to their many eulogies he had children into government schools, was but one thing to say: "If I possess read, and was signed by some 700 any of the virtues my friends attribute Pulayas. It may be observed that, to me, I owe them to Christianity, tho the Pulayas are known as slaves, and especially to the Motihari Bible- their lot has not been so hard as the class." This unexpected tribute, com- expression "slaves" conveys, for a ing from such a source, made a deep good majority of them have always impression on the 80 educated In- been in the service of Christian mas- dians who heard it, and forms a strik- ters, who treat them kindly. ing testimony to the steady growth in A New Step in India Mi••ion Work influence of the Regions Beyond Mis- sion in Behar. ALL our missionaries in India, other than those in school and Motihari, a town of 15,000 inhabimedical work, spend, from three to tants was virgin soil, like the rest of six months a year in itinerating work. The problem of transportation is a the northwest corner of that province, big one. Seven of our districts have when Harley College men entered communities of from 4,000 to 12,000. Think of what it is to superintend it 12 years ago. Not long afterthe work in anyone of these. Think ward, this students' Bible-class began, of what it is to go from one place to and ever since it has attracted an inanother in the terrible heat, in the creasing number of educated young slow-moving, jolting ox-cart. To men, typical of the many in India to- day who find no message in Hinduism, altho still bound by its rigid caste.

break camp and go from one center Bombay Social Service League S to another and set up camp requires OCIAL service and community hygiene have taken hold on India about a day, losing 30 to 40 days in the camping season. The motor also. From the Dnyanodaya} pubwould enable the missionary to reach lished in Bombay, we quote the folthe'most remote out-station in the lowing: cooler hoors of an evening, hold two "The twofold object for which the or more J,$ervices that evening, and Social Service League, Bombay, has the next Inorning, and return before been ,started is: in the first place, to the great 4leat would set in. undertake social and humanitarian

work, including mass education, sani- boys, once pupils of the Sorabji tation and hygiene, social purity School, are now witnessing a glorious work, reIref of distress, and the confession of Christ in spite of loss of propagation of the ideal of social home and friends and in the face of service and universal brotherhood; bitter hatred and opposition. Among and, in the second place, to infuse the girls too are secret believers, but public spirit into our young men by they are too timid yet to make an giving them an opportunity of doing open confession of their faith in humanitarian work of one kind or an- Christ. other under the guidance of experienced workers and thus gradually to Mrs. Sorabji and her two daughtrain them to be serviceable to their ters, who are helping her, are also fellowmen in a useful and efficient conducting three other schools, one manner." for Parsees exclusively, another for Hindus, and a third one for Moham- More than 300 v~lunteers have medans. In them western methods are joined the organizatIOn, each of used with encouraging success. These whom promises to give at least one schools are doing much good intellechour a week to its work. The nature tually, socially, physically, and, above of the work that will be assigned to all, spiritually. In the Parsee schools each volunteer will be determined the children of that proudest and most according to individual inclination inaccessible of the races of India reand aptitude. For the proper distri- ceive instruction in the Bible, recite bution of work the whole corps will verse after verse of Scripture, narbe divided into bands, each band be- rate the Gospel stories, and, with ing in charge of a senior volunteer. reverently bowed heads, whisper the Monthly lectures will be given by ex- Lord's prayer. These children, even perienced workers on the theory and if not converted themselves, will surepractise of social service. ly prove a power for good as they grow up, but if converted, they will The Sorabji School in India make most valuable workers for the Master on account of their racial ABOUT 30 years ago Mrs. Sorabji, capability. the wife of Rev. Sorabji Kharsedyi of the C. M. S. (one of the first An Outcaate'. Prayer three converts to Christianity from Zoroastrianism) founded the Victoria REV. H. WHITEHEAD writes in High School in Poona, India, for the the C. M. S. Review: "An uteducation of the English-speaking terly uneducated man was converted Parsee, Hindu, and Mohammedan the other day, and brought over with children of the upper classes. Its ob- him ISO people. When the Tamil misject was primarily to afford a Chris- sionary went to him he first tried to tian education to those who would get him to learn the Lord's Prayer. otherwise have attended Government It was an utter failure. The man schools from which all religious tried hard, but could not manage it instruction had been eliminated, and at all. He said it would not come. also to draw together the children of Then he asked the old man to say his all those nationalities which make up own prayers in his own way, and what the body politic in India. The school he said was this: 'Oh, our Father, has succeeded beyond all expectation, who art in heaven, You are our and for 30 years has held its place Father, we are Your children. Keep among the foremost of the educa- us well. Heal my rheumatism and my tional institutions in India. But great- child's boil. Keep us from all wild er than the educational have been the animals, the bear and the tiger. Forspiritual results, and many a pupil of give us our sins, our quarrels, angry the sclrool has been brought to Christ. words, all that we did since morning. Mohammedan, Parsee, and Hindu Make us good. Bring all the castes to

WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY

kneel to You and call You Father.' of suitable age are members of the Well now, you might search through church. The number of non-Chris- the whole of our English Prayer-book, tian boys is small. The older boys you might ransack all the liturgies of have taken active part in the religious antiquity, and you would not find a services of the college and the city more simple, touching prayer, one church, attending the latter even dur- that was more appropriate to these ing vacation time. All the teachers poor people, than that simple prayer are Christian men. Biblical instruc- of a man who could not say the Lord's tion is given in every department of Prayer." . the school. A weekly Y. M. C. A.

Converted by a Dream service has been maintained by the boys, and they attend Sunday-school LAST October a whole family- in the city church. father, mother and five children -was admitted into the church by MOSLEM LANDS baptism at a place called Turkalagu- A New Christian College in Turkey demo Of this family the Rev. M. Sadhuvu writes: "It is now 21 years since FORTY years ago, George C. Raythe first people were baptized in that nolds, M.D., was sent to Van, In village. Altho some of his relatives have been baptized in the meantime, extreme eastern Asia Minor, to open this man was a bitter opponent of the a new station. This city, ill the Christian religion and hated to hear heart of ancient Armenia, and close the name of Jesus Christ. About a to the Russian border, has been called year ago he fell very ill and had an the "Sebastopol of the Armenian attack of pleurisy. One night he had Church." There work was started in a dream. He saw a man clothed in the midst of intense opposition, but white standing before him and heard from the first it has made wonderful him say, 'Call the schoolmaster to progress. Twice Dr. Raynolds' life come and pray with you and you will was threatened; once he was left for recover.' He sat up and waited eager- dead by the roadside, bearing a dozen ly for the dawn, and then to the as- wounds, but despite alI this within tonishment of all he begged them to five years a church was organized, call the schoolmaster to come and then came a hospital, a boys' high pray. The master came and prayed school, a girls' high school, and a by the bedside, and from that day the great system of outlying churches sick man began to recover. After and schools, until Van has become that he and his family placed them- one of the great centers of the Amerselves under instruction, and in due ican Board in Turkey. For years time I was privileged to baptize Dr. Raynolds and his associates have them." urged the Board to raise the grade of the high school to that of a col- Progress in Siam and Laos lege, and this the Prudential Com- mittee has recently voted to ·do. An AT Sri-Tamarat the Christians have appropriation from the higher educa- erected a new church, a substan- tional endowment fund of the Board tial brick building, laid with cement was made, conditioned on a certain and plastered inside and out. The sum being raised by individual entire cost of the building was given friends. The project is practically by the Christians, with some help assured, so that we can say now that from the missionaries. One native the Board has added another Chris- Christian business man, the only tian college to the six already exist- member of the congregation having ing in the Turkish Empire, and which considerable means, gave one-third of are bound to become a mighty factor, the cost of the building. not only for the vitalizing of the At the Prince Royal's College, Oriental churches, but for the Chris- Chieng-mai, Laos, nearly all the boys tianizing of large areas of Moham-

medanism.-American Board Quar- the children from visiting the meetterly. ing rooms of the missionaries on Village Work in Turkey Sabbaths and festivals.-Zionist Ga- zette. I N Turkey the village laws of hospi- tality are such that the missionary I Per.ia Values Mission School. receives a warm welcome from the N one year recently, of 220 stuchief or from any householder whom dents in an American high school he chances to meet as he approaches. in Teheran, Persia, 128 were Mo- The leading men of the place also hammedans, about three-fourths of come in after the evening meal, to do them from the nobility, and several honor to the guest and to hear news of them had royal blood in their from the outside world. They will veins. The prime minister of Persia follow almost any lead in the conver- also thanked the head master of the sation, for the guest is treated like a school in the name of the nation for prince. There is a much· greater the work that had been done. "The straightforwardness among them than schools in our mission," said a misamong thecity folk. Theyaremuchneg- sionary at Teheran, "have had more lected, for the Mohammedan system evangelistic results than any other has failed to provide thousandsofthese department of work." It has long villages in Turkey with any schools been a saying among Persian Moor preaching. It is among these village hammedan religious leaders that if people that the cult of Ali, with all anyone takes up Western education, its pagan and mystical elements and even to the extent of learning a with its kinship to Christianity has European language, he becomes an made its greatest progress. These infidel from the Mohammedan point people recognize and honor Moham- of view. med, yet they have a religion quite AFRICA differ~nt from Islam. They believe Another African Church A in incarnation. They have a sacra- LITTLE negro Baptist Church at Wathen, on the Kongo River, esment almost identical with our Lord's Supper. Their faith is a strange blend tablished last year 52 new outposts.

of animism, mysticism, worship of Ali The Church maintains 196 evangel- and ideas taken from Mohammed and ists; 92 of them being supported by Christ. In Turkey and Persia there the congregation and 104 being volun- are probably over 2,000,000 Alevis, tary workers. One out of every ten and yet scarcely any work has been of the 1,995 members is an evangel- done among them. ist. Is there a church in all this land Opposition in Jerusalem of Christian civilization that can match the record of this negro church in the AN influential committee has been midst of heathendom? appointed in Jerusalem to combat the practise of sending Jewish children The Part Played by Mi.sionari.s L to Christian missionary schools. This ORD CROMER has written an introduction to "Down in Darkpractise had assumed such serious proportions, despite the existence of est Africa," recently published by good Jewish schools, that the mem- an English missionary, John H. Har- bers of the Jerusalem branch of the ris. The London Spectator, in re- Palestine Teachers' Union decided to viewing the book, says, among other take energetic steps to counteract it. things: "Missionaries err sometimes, ~any Jewish schools have now de- no doubt, through misdirected zeal clared their willingness to accept a and well-meaning but mistaken preju- certain number of Jewish children at dices, but we must protest, with Lord present attending missionary schools Cromer, against the absurd idea- without payment. Juvenile clubs generally to be found in uninfonned, have also been organized to prevent stupid, or cynical persons-that the

WORLD-WIDE MISSlONARY

humane and truly imperial services the catechumen classes are taken up, of missionaries do not enormously and they are so universally attended outweigh the mistakes. Missionaries that practically every boy in Luebo were at one time the chief explorers knows the Catechism. At 2 P.M., an and geog-raphers of Africa, and the evangelistic service is conducted in the greatest of them all, Livingstone, main shed. The daily attendance is could scarcely be matched in any about 400. The rest of the day is sphere of life for high enterprise and mapped out in the same systematic scientific competence." way until 7 P.M., when Luebo joins the world in prayer, and from many WEST AFRICA sides come the songs of many wor- shipers in praise to the one only and A Boy Preacher in Africa true God. On Saturday, at II A.M., the workmen are dismissed for the T HE marvelous possibilities of week. Christian work in Africa are just beginning to be appreciated by the "The regular morning service on Church of God. Dr. William Mor- Sunday averages in attendance 1,000. rison, of the Southern Presbyterian At 3.30 P.M., the Word of God is Church, tells of a community in Africa studied in Sunday-school, and a few where he found a chapel erected by the Sundays ago this school reached 1,227. natives, with a boy twelve years old as The boys meet in two· Covenanter . their teacher and minister. This boy Bands in the afternoon, one going to had attended a Christian mission the village for a lookout service. At school for a brief time, and on being 7 P.M., the natives are again in prayer, taken to his home by his parents, began and at 7.30 the missionaries come toto teach his little companions how to gether for their English service. read by writing in the sand. The men of the village gathered around, and Liquor Traffic Ended stated that they could not allow the boys to learn something that they did SINCE February I, 1913, absolute not know; so the boy became the prohibition of the sale of alcohol teacher of the men. Finally they said to the natives of the Kongo region has to him : "You be our teacher and been enforced. There are heavy penleader and we will erect a chapel for alties attached to the violation of the you so that you can do the work as it is prohibition laws made necessary on acdone by the Christian missionaries." count of the ravages caused by the Thus this young boy was teaching his consumption of trade rum and gin whole village the knowledge of the among the natives. This liquor traffic Gospel as he had learned it. There came principally from Germany and are hundreds of other villages wpere Belgium. Other portions of the Dark the people are just as anxious to know Continent are sadly in need of the the Truth.-The Christian Observer. same prohibition. In the British col- onies of Southern Nigeria, the Gold A Day at Luebo Coast, and Sierra Leone, the importa- tion of spirits rose in the six years, REV. ]. W. ALLEN writes in the from 19Q6-19II, from 4,700,000 gal- Christian Observer: "At 5.30 lons to 6,800,000 gallons. It is a A.M., the morning bell arouses the shameful fact that this destructton of people of the mission, both mission- the African through strong drink is aries and natives to the duties of the caused by citizens of so-called Chrisday. At 6, in the big church shed, and tian nations. throughout about 30 villages, well attended morning prayers are held. Briti.h Weat Africa Then the workmen go to their tasks, the pharmacy opens for treatment of T HE comparative importance of natives, and at 9 the schools for the British West Africa in relatIOn to natives open, continuing till II, when the other dependencies of the Crown is a fact often lost sight of. The

African Mail says the West Africa prayer movement, which arose five dependencies are, in' combination, in- years ago, is under the supervision of comparably the most important of our the Methodist missionaries. The na- tropical and semi-tropical spheres of tive women are said to have wonder- Imperial activity. Their admimstra- ful power in prayer.

tion is the biggest responsibility which the nation has incurred in the govern- From Slave to Schoolmaster A ment of subject races-India, of MONG the Matebele Christians there is perhaps no man better course, excepted. The total area of British West Africa is 444,342 square known or more respected than is miles, just short of being four times Shisho Maya, the pastor and schoolthe area of the United 'Kingdom, with- master of Entabanendi, one of the in 30,000 square miles of the area out-stations of the Hope Fountain covered by the South African Union, district. Shisho was captured in one larger than the Rhodesias, twice the of the wars of the Matebele with the size of the Uganda Protectorate and Mashona people and brought from his East Africa Protectorate respectively. home to become the slave of a Mate- But when we turn to populations, the bele master. As his master wished relative importance of British West him to earn money he allowed him Africa is still more significant. Brit- to come and work at Hope Fountain, . ish West Africa numbers 20,176,635, where he was employed to mind the while the South African Union num- pigs, then in the missionary's house, bers only 5,973,394 (white and colored and later as a wagon-driver. After included), Rhodesia 1,593,676, Ug-an- he had been some time at work his da 2,843,325, East Africa 2,651,8g2. master decided to have him back with In fact, the whole of British Afrjca him, and came to fetch him. He -other than West Africa-consisting pleaded with his master to be allowed of the South African Union, Basuto- to remain with the missionaries, but land, Swaiziland, Bechuanaland, Rho- without avail until some other natives desia, Nyassaland, Uganda, EastAfrica pointed out that, as the lad's heart and Somaliland-only numbers a total was set upon staying, he would be of of 15,043,503 inhabitants against Brit- little use to work in the kraal. The ish West Africa's 20,176,635. British matter ended in his remaining, and he West Africa is also the most densely showed such promise of future usepopulated part of British Africa, the fulness that one of the missionaries, average being 45.4 (in Southern Niger~a the average is 98.4) per square the late Rev. D. Carnegie, took him down to Lovedale, and at the famous mile, against 12.6 in the territones of institution there he was trained, and the South African Union, 12.7 in during that time baptized. Shortly Uganda, 10.2 in East Africa, 3.6 in after his return to Matebeland the re- Rhodesia. bellion broke out, and he stayed in A Praying Queen Bulawayo until it was over. He then T HE native women in the Trans- came back to Hope Fountain, tJ:Iis vaal (says Sunday at Home) have time as teacher. So successful was a prayer union, with 800 members, he in his work and so strong his in- scattered widely over that part of South fluence for good that when it was de- Africa. To the annual conference cided to open a station at Insiza, one dusky delegate went, as a repre- Shisho was the man chosen for the sentative of the Queen of Swaiziland, work. After two years of painstak- making a difficult journey of four ing toil he was recalled to Hope Foun- days in order to attend a series of tain,and was sent to start the impor- prayer meetings. After this woman's tant out-station of Entabanendi, return to the Queen's kraal, the Queen where he has labored since 1909. He gathered some of her women together, is building a strong church there, and and held a prayer meeting. The is doing excellent service both as

WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY NEWS 7I I

evangelist and teacher.. Shisho mar- Arrangements have been made by ried a Matebele maiden of high birth, the Directors of the Norwegian Mis- after a romantic courtship, during sionary Society, the Paris Evangelical which he had to overcome the oppo- Mission, the Friends' Foreign Mission siti.on of the girl's relatives to the Association, and the London Society umon. to send simultaneous deputations to oOne of Livingstone's Bearers Still Living Madagascar this year in order that, NE of the faithful black fellows in consultation with the missionaries who helped to carry the em- and the leaders of the Malagasy Chrisbalmed body of Livingstone across tian churches, they may devise mea- Africa to the coast, is still alive. This sures for closer and more helpful man's name, given in baptism, is union in service.

Matthew Wellington, and he is still THE OCEAN WORLD living at Freretown, British East Singapore Praying for China Africa. He has been in the public service for 23 years, and has lived HE Malaysia Message says: "We a consistent Christian life. For some T do not recollect ever having seen years he was in the employ of the the Chinese people of Singapore so imperial East Africa company, and deeply interested in anything Christian he had charge of a farm at Mom- as they were over the call from the basa, which received and accommo- Goverment at Peking for prayers to dated rescued slaves. For the last be offered by the Christian churches eight years he has bee~ employed in for the welfare of the Chinese repubthe public works department as a lic." With but a brief period in which supervisor of road work. Old age to give notice, the service held at the has lately necessitated retirement. He cathedral was spendidly attended, and is in full possession of his faculties, a united service held by the Methodists and takes much pleasure in talking and Presbyterians on another day was of his connection with the great mis- crowded. The Chinese consul-general sionary. He is a widower, and has attended both services, and at the lattaken charge of his four grandchil- ter made an address expressing his dren. conviction that dependence upon God must be the foundation upon which The Latest From Madagascar to build a nation. He concluded by THE news from Madagascar tho saying, "The large attendance of this shaded by frequent references to evening proves that we Chinese have the unsatisfactory relations between an increasing faith in Christianity, and the mission and the local French as a result, Christian work in China authorities, is nevertheless full of will receive greater encouragement in cheer. In the Betsileo country, where the future. May God bless China, in former days Christianity made its and may the five-colored flag of the way mainly among Hova settlers and republic be found on the face of the the freed slaves of the Hova people, globe for all time." the Betsileo themselves are beginning to wake up. The difficulties with the New Zealand Missionary· Association T French officials, which have been very HIS year the New Zealand Church Missionary Asociation attains its keenly felt, especially in the country districts, have at least been materially majority. It was founded 21 years lightened. In December the Gover- ago by Dr. Eugene Stock and Rev.

nor-General, after many months of Robert Stewart, and it is signalizing correspondence, decided to legalize the the occasion by a Forward Movement.

Christian Endeavor Societies and the Hitherto it has aimed at supporting United Assemblies of the Churches in the living agents whom it has sent various districts, and thus removed from New Zealand (two C.E.Z.M.S.

one serious cause of irritation. missionaries are supported by this as-

sociation); henceforward it will also and they decided to have a collection try to meet some of the needs of the for the society. They did well; and work abroad, and, therefore, aims just before he left to come home they now at raising money for the support took their second collection, which of native evangelists in India, Africa realized £133 2S. 3d. He thought the and China, and also for the building missionaries had a right to ask why of a New Zealand ward in the hospital things at home were as they were. at Kerman, in Persia, and the upkeep "Why should there, be talk of some of the beds in it. For this t is asking 30 of us being laid aside before we £500 a year extra from New Zealand. feel that our work is done? Is it in us that the fault lies?" Mr. Lawrence Satan Posing … an Angel of Light gave the following sentence from the report of the present governor of "0 NE of the most barefaced and Papua: "It would probably be quite mean proposals which we have safe for a white man to travel unarmed heard for many a day," says the from the Purari Delta to the Gentian Australian Christian Warld, "was boundary, far safer than to walk launched at a public meeting in through some of the cities of Europe the Perth Town Hall in fur- and Australia, and this is largely due therance of the social service work to the efforts of the London Missionof the Salvation Army. The speaker, ary Society." after extolling the work of the Army, suggested that the govern- The Filipino Church ment should open homes for inebriates. The speaker had large interests S IMON IGLORIA, the last man in public houses where the inebriates to be ordained in the Philippine are manufactured, and he generously Islands, heard and accepted the Gossuggested that the public should be pel when he was a constabulary sol~ taxed to take care of the finished arti- dier in 1904. Returning to his home cle which 'the trade' had enriched it- in Lucban, Tayabas, he began to study self to produce. At the meeting of and work for the mission; He has the Alliance on the following even- spent four years in Ellinwood Bible ing the mayor, Mr. J. H. Prowse, re- Seminary. Since he was graduated ferred to this magnanimous suggestion in 19J2, a call came from the Evanin scathing terms as did also the Han. gelistic Association in Hawaii for a Dodd, one of the members of the minister to labor among the Filipino' Government, who pointed out that Jaborers, who have g'one there, to the every trade and profession should be number of 10,000. This was placed taxed to support its own wounded and before him, and was accepted, Mr, disabled. The proper people to pay Igloria sneaks English and Spanish for inebriate homes were the public- excellently and fluently, besides five house keepers and those pecuniarily of the Filipino diatects. His ordinabenefited by the trade." tion took place on February 5, last. He is the first foreign missionary of Papuans Giving to Missions the nascent Filipino Church.

REV. W. N. LAWRENCE, of A Moslem Colporteur in Java Port Moresby, recently said that one of his old Papuan teachers came REV. W. H. WILLIAMS. Bible to him some time ago to ask if it was Society agent at Batavia, has re~ true that the society was in debt, and cently written home: why the people had not been asked to help. His reply was: "I have never "It was a sttan'ge coincidence when felt justified in appealing to you- I landed in Java about a year ago you are so poor, you have so little." and was unfastening my baggage; to- The teacher said: "You ought to have gether with 6 :tasesof 'Scriptures, to done it." He consulted the teachers aa be examined' by the custom house officers, thai:' Arab: next to ine was

WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY

opening several huge boxes of books, where missionaries of the society which, on examination, I noticed were make it possible for every immigrant filled with copies of the 'Koran. As to receive a copy in his own lan- I looked at my stock of Bibles, and guage. Another missionary of the then glanced at the cases filled with society carried over 4,000 volumes to Korans, I wondered which should win, seamen on vessels in the harbor.

the Crescent or the Cross. Should During the quarter, Bibles were this beautiful island remain under the placed by the N ew York Bible So- blighting influence of Islam, or should ciety in every room of the dormi- the Son of God be enthroned in the tories of Columbia, Barnard, Teach- hearts of the people, as their Lord and ers' College, and the New York Uni- King?" versity. When the Christmas baskets News from the South Seas were sent out to the poor, the New York Bible Society furnished over T HA T the days of triumph in the 7,000 volumes, that were placed in Pacific Islands did not end with as many baskets. When the families John G. Paton and James Chalmers who received these baskets opened may be seen from the following letter them, they found not only material of Rev. Philip Delaporte of Nauru, food for the body, but a Book to Marshall Islands: give mental and spirilual food.

. "God's richest blessings have ap- parently sealed our labors on Nauru. The American Bible Work Thirteen years ago we were glad to DURING the year 1912 there was an have 50 people come to our services; increase of 358,409 in the circuto-day we count often 1,100 on a Sab- lation of the Scriptures by the Amerbath morning. Not a single person ican Bible Society. The total for the could then read or write; in fact the year ending December 31, 1912, was Nauru language had not yet been put 4.049,610 volumes, bringing the total into writing. To-day not a man or issues of the society in the 97 years woman, under 40 years of age, unable to read can be found on the Is- of its existence to 98,268,715 volumes. land. They have now a Nauru trans- Many will be astonished to leam lation of the New Testament and Psalms besides a hvmn book and a the number of families found without number of school bO'oks. One of the Bibles in America-in the Northwestfinest church buildings in Micronesia ern Agency, 14,480 families; in the has been put up at a cost of nearly Western Agency, 8,223 families; in $4,000, nearly $3,000 of which was the Southwestern Agency, 24,037 contributed by the natives themselves." homes. This is a mere fragment of the whole story, but shows the neces- sity of this vital Home Missionary AMERICA work. Four hundred and twenty- eight persons were occupied in the Bible Distribution in New York City service of the society in this home AT a recent quarterly meeting of distribution of the Scriptures, in ad- the managers of the New York dition to those employed by the Aux- Bible Society, annonncement was iliary Societies.

made that more than 91,000 volumes Wars, revolutions, and tumults in of Scriptures had been distributed foreign lands did not prevent an in- during the last three months by the creased circulation of the Scriptures.

society. This distribution was in 36 In China alone 1,368,189 copies were languages, and is the largest distribu- pnt in circulation. Eight hundred and tion of Scriptures ever made in the ten persons were occupied in this work same length of time in the city and in foreign lands, making a total both harbor of New York. More than at home and abroad of I,238 workers 25,000 volumes were furnished to im- in the service of this society, of which migrants landing at Ellis Island, 002 were paid colporteurs, the others

being what are termed correspon- the Labor Temple in New York City, dents. in the establishment of Labor Sun- day and in other efforts to help the The total receipts of the society for Church and the workingman to uncurrent work were $6or,966-49 and derstand each other, is well known to the total expenditures $757,942.75. readers of the MISSIONARY REVIEW.

The United Missionary Campaign Bisbop Brent on Immigration T HE central committee of the BISHOP BRENT, of the Philip- United Missionary Campaign is pines, recently came from Europe making extensive plans for the cam- to this country in the steerage of the paign of next winter, which is ex- Cunarder Caronia. There were over pected to include 2,500 missionary con- 1,400 in the steerage-Britons, Scanferences and to be followed in March dinavians, and others largely from by a simultaneous every-member can- the north of Europe. On arriving, vass of practically all the evangelical the Bishop declared that he had endenominations of the country. At joyed the trip as much as any he had the last meeting of the committee, the ever taken. "If the people with whom decision of the Protestant Episcopal I had personal contact," says he, in Church not to participate was an- writing to The Outlook} "are typical nounced, and in consequence Bishop of those who have been coming here A. S. Lloyd, president of the Protest- recently, the country has no' cause for ant Episcopal Mission Board, who apprehension." This, of course, aphad been elected chairman of the cen- plies to immigrants from northern Eutral committee, offered his resIgna- rope. With those from southern Eution. Dr. Arthur J. Brown, secretary rope the Bishop feels that we have a of the Presbyterian Foreign Board, very serious problem. The loutish was elected in his stead and accepted and filthy personal habits of many of the office. George Innes, the secre- these immigrants, he asserts, and their tary loaned to the campaign by the seeming lack of intelligence, are mat- United Presbyterians, reported the ad- ters for our Government's consideraherence to the plan of 16 denomina- tion and action. Certainly the probtions in the United States and Canada, lem is, as Dr. Brent adds, quite as which number 15,000,000 communi- grave as that of the Japanese immicants in 200,000 congregations. gration question. The Japanese are far beyond these southern European Mr. Stelzle', New Field immigrants, he believes, both in viril- ity and decency.-The Outlook. THE Rev. Charles Stelzle has re- signed as superintendent of the Dr. Stearns and Missions Bureau of Social Service of the Presbyterian Board of Home Missions, and T HE gifts to Home and Foreign will become a "consulting sociologist" Missions sent through Dr. D. M. for national church organizations, so- Stearns, of Germantown, during the cial service agencies and industrial past year have amounted to $56,781.36. enterprises. This probably is the During the past 24 years the amount pioneer effort in this direction, espe- thus given has been $677,633.12. cially in regard to religious organiza- Well may we say: "This is the Lord's tions. doings; it is marvelous in our eyes" (Psalm lI8: 23). This missionary Mr. Stelzle, formerly a machinist, service has been in spite of the fact became a preacher after 12 years' ex- that Dr. Stearns himself was laid aside perience in the shop, for the purpose of trying to break down the antag- by illness for II weeks last year. Over onism .existing between the workingmen and the Church. He organized one-fourth of the amount given has the Department of Church and Lahar come from Dr. Stearns' own congrefor the Presbyterians. His work in gation-which is neither large nor

WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY NEWS

wealthy. Among the missions assisted have a1l left the station and come into are: The School for the Blind, ) eru- town, fearing they may be taken from salem; The Arabian Mission; The ' their homes by these terrible Oroquis- Mildway Mission to Jews; Missions tas. We have not let our girls go out in Armenia; Presbyterian Mission, for anything for several days, save to Urumia, Persia; Woman's Union Mis- go to church.

sionary Society; Pierson Memorial "I am afraid of some of the feder- Bible School, Korea; China Inland als, too. Some days ago a group Mission; Ramabai's Mission, India; passed our girls on our way to church Mission to Lepers in India and the and said: 'We must go to Colegio East; South Africa General Mission; Morelos next to get girls, for they are Christ's Mission, New York; Central very pretty, etc., etc.' Unless some American Mission, etc. strict discipline is put over these ir- Canadian Presbyterian Meeting regulars we will have trouble with them." A MEETING of very unusual lll- terest was held by the Presby- T Inquirers in Brazil terians in Toronto during the first HE Gospel is taking hold of the week in June. Through the gener- people in Brazil. That is evi- osity of ten men who had seen the denced by the numerous inquirers who value of such a gathering, ',it was come to the home of the missionaries planned to bring together fro~ all and ask them to help them out of parts of the Dominion, with all ex- their doubts and difficulties and make penses paid, every minister-active or plain to them the Way of Life. Among retired-missionary, professor, boarel the inquirers who recently came to the secretary, foreign missionary on fur- home of a Methodist missionary was lough, with their wives, and a layman a prominent professor of one of the from every field for a Pre-Assembly government schools in the city. An- Missionary Conference. Special em- other was a young priest who was phasis was laid upon the spiritual side graduated from the Theological De- of the meeting which is sure to have partment of the University of Coim- large results. bra seven years ago. During his stu- dies he began to see that in many re- Evil Conditions in Mexico spects the Church of Rome is not in S OM'E idea of the condition of af- line with the Bible, The more he read fairs in Mexico can be gained the Bible, the more his doubts in- from the following extract of a letter creased, especially when he became from one of the missionaries in Aguas aware of the immoral lives of the Calientes: vast majority of the priests. Finally "Aguas Calientes has not been in he fell himself, and, condemned by hIS such bad condition as now since I own conscience, he had no peace and have known it. Four hundred of could not find it in his Church. – One Careveo's men are here living in cars Sunday morning, when he felt espe- at the station. They are doing as they cially miserable, he decided to go to please. An awful looking set of men, the Methodist Church and seek help They drink and shoot and insult wo- there. T,he preacher's subject was men on the street and it is said that spiritual blindness as illustrated by they have succeeded in carrying to the Israelites and their leaders at the their quarters by force a number of beginning of Isaiah's prophecy and girls. Our day pupils, girls between the remedy. Deeply moved, the priest 12 and 16, were insulted and chased sought the preacher after the service en route to their homes and to school and talked with him for two hours in such a way that many of them about the difference in the faith of the did not come to school Friday. Protestant and Roman Churches. Then "vVe hear every day of many sim- they knelt in prayer, and humbly and ilar cases, The women, Mexicans, with tears the priest told God that

he was In the dark and asked for "Christ, the Master Teacher;" "Trilight. umphs of the Bible;" "The Sabbath- school as an Educational Force;" "A His struggles have been long and World-wide Vision of Sabbath-school hard. He has fully resolved to leave Work;" "Pestaiozzi, the Educator;" the Roman Church, surrendering his Zwingli, the Reformer" (two adcredentials and explaining that he has dres~es, one in German and one in become a Protestant, but he does not English, with a walk from the convenyet know what his future will be. He tion hall to Zwingli's monument, and desires to learn English that he may placing thereon a wreath with approstudy the rich English Christian liter- priate exercises); "The Menace of ature and to become a missionary Mohammedan Problem;" "The Sabeither to the Portuguese in the United bath-school of Four Centuries;" "The States or to the Portuguese colonies Open Door in China;" "The Opporin Africa or to the inhabitants of Por- tunities of Adolescence;" "The Onetugal itself. Thus the Spirit is using ness of Believers;" "The Sabbaththe preached Word in Brazil, as else- school and Missions;" "How to Hold where. the Young People in the Sabbath- school ;" "The Sabbath-school and EUROPE National Life;" "Our Source of Power;" "Sabbath-school Achieve- The Cause of Medical Missions ments in Missionary Fields."

THE remarkable headway made by A "Waste Paper Saving" Scheme medical missions in the cause of Christ, was described by the chair- O N behalf of the London Hospital, man, Dr. Wm. Gauld, at the recent the Daily Chronicle is carrying annual meeting of the Medical Mis- out a schem-e for collecting waste sionary Association. A few figures paper and cardboard-old newspapers, contrasting 50 years ago with to-day, circulars, and other debris, and disgreatly emphasized this. Whereas then posing of the waste for the benent at there were only 30 medical mission- the hospital. Sacks are provided and aries, there are now about 11,000 in collection will be made by vans within all parts of the world following in the an eight-mile radius of Charing Cross footsteps of the Master-healing the -friends outside the radius forwardsick and preaching the Gospel. The ing their full sacks by rail, carriage report presented by Dr. James L. Max- forward. The Chronicle remarks: well contained the following state- "The scheme will afford many a ready ment : "For the first time in the his- means of getting rid of old papers, tory of the association we are able to and at the same time friends will have speak of the training home being per- the satisfaction of knowing that they fectly full. 111e have 18 rooms for have clone something for a great hospistudents, and they have been occupied tal." since the end of last year. Ve had the largest entry of first year's men The Infidel Converted we have ever had . . . If this standard is kept up, and as the course is FEW men have been honored and one of five years, this would give us praised as the Swedish poet at the end of four years, the housing Strinclberg, who died in Stockholm of about 28 men. a short time ago. He was, alas, a leader of modern anti-christian AWorld's Sunday-school Convention thought, for he had declared war MONG the topics considered at against Christianity and against al- the World's Sunday-school Con- most all ideas and fundamental prinvention in Zurich. Switzerland, July ciples of society. He railed frequently 9 to 15, are the following: "The Sab- against the Bible and was a rationalbath-school and the Great Commis- ist and an infidel. sion;" "The Sabbath-school and the Christian COJ1(J1H'st of the iforlcl;" The H('rlincr Tap:ch/att, a German

11)13/ WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY

daily which is recognized as being ascertained that of the adults who are under Jewish influence and which can addicted to drink, 90 per cent. con- not be accused of being friendly to- tractecI the habit when they were at ward the Bible and religion, thus told school. Out of 18,134 schoolboys in the story of the last hours of this the Moscow province from the ages famous poet: "It was Monday even- of eight to thirteen years, 12,152 (or ing, about 9 o'clock, when Strind- 66 per cellt. ) have taken to drink; berg regained full consciousness. He and Ollt of IO,404 girls of the same took hold of the Bible which had been ages, 4,733 (or 45 per cent.) also at his side all the time (since he take intoxicating liquor too freely.

became sick), and said with an au- Such an appalling state of things is dible voice, 'I am through with life, a grave reflection upon the religious the account has been closed, and this teachers of the "Orthodox" Church.

(pointing to the Bible) alone is We may well be thankful for the truth.' After that he did not speak Bands of Hope in our own land again, but smiling during the few which are doing such splendid work remaining moments of consciousness, in guarding our little ones from the he pointed out that he wanted the insidious snare of the strong-drink Bible placed upon his breast when habit.

life was extinct." Dangers of Mormonism Thus, the poet, leader of infidelity JT is said that the Swedish govern- and opponent of Christianity during ment proposes to set apart 10,000 his life, died with a testimony to the kroner to warn the Swedish people by truth of the Word of God upon his lectures and literature against danger- lips. "0, the depth of the riches, ous and dishonest Mormon propa.

both of the wisdom and knowledge of ganda; and that the Norwegian gov- God I how unsearchable are His ernment is to appropriate 8,000 kro- judgments, and His ways past finding ner for the same purpose. Mormons.

out I" who are American citizens are being "T The Bible in Russia expelled fr0111 the former country.

HERE is no country in Europe It is no wonder that such steps are where there is such a hunger taken against Mormonism when the and thirst after the Word of God as real nature of this religion and sys- in Russia." Such are the striking tem becomes more apparent. We, on words of Rev. John D. Kilburn in a this side of the water, on whose terri- recent letter. He goes on to say tory and in whose nation this evil that he has known poor peasants institution is firmly planted, are travel for nine or ten miles, and give guilty of dangerous apathy.

the last kopeck they possest to get MISCELLANEOUS a Gospel. It is, as he also remarks, a sad fact that this desire is not Spreading the Word of God so widespread as it was; but still the remarkable hunger remains in large DURING this century, the British measure. The Government is in and Foreign Bible Society has some regions helping forward the work of supplying the people with sent 71,488,000 copies of the Scripthe Scriptures, by allowing packages tures into the world. More than 90 to pass over the railways free of per cent. of these books were sold, charge, and by granting free passes tho generally under cost price. It to the colporteurs. has expended during the same twelve years about $15,000,000, while it has received as income, induding returns from sales, about $14,500,000. To Child.Drunkards in Russia meet the difference, an accumulated THE British Consul in Moscow bas reserve fund has been used, and thus reported that the Town Council expansion has been possible. In the recently made an inquiry _into the past twelve years, which are one- causes of <lrunkenness; and it was ninth of the society's existence, it has

sent out nearly one-third of its entire gifts t.o Wooster University of Ohio, issues. Versions in 86 fresh lan- of whIch he was the chief benefactor. guages have been published. These He made a tour of the world a fe~ include 69 for the use of missions years ago, erected a hospital in Korea· promoted by British or American so- and gave other benefactions. We need cieties, IO for German missions, 3 l1lore Christian laymen of like calibre. for French, 3 for Scandinavian, and 1 for Dutch missions.- Among the 69 Henry Wright Duta of Uganda new versions published for British or American societies, 25 were for T HE church in Uganda has suffered Episcopalians, 12 for Presbyterians, a heavy bereavement in the death 5 for Congregationalists, 4 for Bap- of the Rev. Henry Wright Duta, one tists, 3 for Methodists, and 20 for of the converts and one of the most more general use. The British and prominent leaders in the Church. In Foreign Bible Society has never yet November, 1880, he and another lad refused to publish a duly authenticated were seized and bound and taken off version of the Scriptures in a new to an island because they refused to tongue. It has never yet refused to go to the Mohammedan prayers and print such editions of the Scriptures said that the religion of Jesus was the as missionaries have declared to be only true religion. On Easter Day, necessary for carrying on their work. 1882, he was baptized, after which he . But it has never before had to face returned with Hannington's party in such immense and imperious new de- the summer of 1882, and shared the mands as are knocking at its doors severe persecutions which the Church to-day. In the year 1900, the society suffered at the beginning of Mwanga's sent out 4,914,000 copies of the reign. His was the first of three Scriptures, but in the year 191 I it names which were subscribed on a letter addrest to the Committee in sent out 7,394,000 copies. May, 1887, while the persecutions con- Truly, the work of the Bible So- tinued, in which the words occurred; "Mr. Ashe has told you how we are ciety is of enormous, yea, incalculable, hunted, and burned in the fire, and value to all nfission work throughout beheaded, and called sorcerers, for the earth. the name of Jesus our Lord. And do you thank God who has granted to us OBITUARY NOTES to suffer here at this time for the Gospel of Christ." Louis H. Severance of New York He was one of the first band of six ON June 25th, one of the leading whom Bishop Tucker set apart as Presbyterian layman died sud- lay evangelists in 1891 during his first brief visit to Uganda, and one of the denly in Cleveland, Ohio. Mr. Sever- first to b~ consecrated to the ministry. ance was Vice-President of the Stand- He has mdeed fought under Christ's ard Oil Company and a large giver to banner, as he promised to do 31 years missionary and educational interests. ago and has continued Christ's faith- ful soldier and servant to his life's Mr. Severance was over 70 years of end. age but was active and capable. He was a member and elder in Woodland o Dr. W. B. Boggs of India Avenue Church, Cleveland, but in re- NE of the most efficient and best cent years he resided in New York known American Baptist mis- City. Having abandoned the business sionaries in India has recently passed connections with the Standard Oil away in the midst of his work. Dr. Company whereby he had accumu- Boggs went to India in 1878 and had lated his fortune, Mr. Severance de- thus labored there for 35 years. He voted practic::l1ly his entire time to was stationed at Ramapatnam, South the business of his church's Boards of India. Foreign Missions and of College aid.

In the past year his gifts to Presby- terian colleges through the College Board totaled $190,000, not including AND MISSION LANDS HANDBOOK OF MODERN JAPAN. By Ernest tinental languages are mentioned. W. Clement. Revised and enlarged. American students will find many 8ur- 8 vo., 436 pp. Map and illustrations. prizing omissions (such as books by $1.40 net. A. G. McClurg & Co., Chi- Drs. Watson, Gordon, Pierson, and cago, Ill. Matt) and there are a few unfortu- This is without doubt the best, nate errors (as when "Christus Rcmost comprehensive and up-to-date demptor," by Mrs. Helen Barrett handbook of modern Japan. Its pop- Montgomery, is entered as by Bishop ularity is attested by the eight edi- Montgomery), and some volumes of tions through which it has already little general importance are included passed. It was first published ten apparently because· they refer to deyears ago and the present, ninth, edi- nominational work in special fields (for tion is revised and has additional example: S. P. G. Mission work in chapters on the Russo-Japanese war Guiana, L. M. S. New Guiana Misand on Greater Japan. Mr. Clement sion, For Christ in Fuhkien-C. M. describes briefly the country and peo- S., etc.). ple, their traits and customs, industries and commerce, history and prog- Dr. Weitbrecht's bibliography will, ress, government and laws, language however, be very useful to students and literature, education and art, re- and the descriptive notes are most ligions and missions. The volume is helpful in determining the character and relative value of the volumes.

packed full of reliable information.

HlNDUISM-ANCIENT AND MODERN. By].

A BIBLIOGRAPHY FOR MISSIONARY STUDENTS. A. Sharrock. 12mo, 237 pp. 26. 6d. net.

Edited by B. A. Weitbrecht, Ph.D., S. P. G., London, 1913.

D.D. Paper cover. Published for The special feature of this study Board of Study for Preparation of Mis- of Hinduism is that it is viewed in sionaries, by Oliphant, Anderson and the Light of the Incarnation. The Ferrier, London, 1913. author has endeavored to throw light This is a carefully selected list of on both religions for Hindus and books on missions, phonetics, lan- Christians. Mr. Sharrock, who has guages, religions, geography, and an- been a missionary in India for over thropology education and hygiene, 30 years, sees not only the polytheism prepared with notes under the di- of the Vedas and the beautiful philos- rection of the secretary of the British ophy of the Upanishads, but also Board of Study for Preparation of the hideous vices of Hinduism. A Missionaries. Many sub-topics are study of this volume shows how pos- the work of specialists, and the work sible it is for different students to is well done. gain entirely distinct and opposing The list is not for the general pub- views of the religions of India. Mr.

lic, nor for workers at home, but is Sharrock's description and interpretafor student volunteers. It is, there- tion are clear and illuminating. He fore, not as complete as that published also gives a very strong presentation in the Edinburgh Conference report. of Christianity and its message to In- More attention is also given to dia. Students of comparative religion British publications than to American and missionaries to India can not do books of equal value-as this list is better than to read thoughtfully and particularly published for British stu- carefully this brief bl.ltcomprehensive dents. Very few volumes in con- handbook. – SPJRlTUAL CULTURE AND SOCIAL SERVlCL pd of Jes,us Christ. The first exposes By Charles S. MacFarland. Second l:<.dition. 222 pp. $1.00, net. Fleming the teachl11gs of Pastor' Russell, and H. Revell Co., New York, 1912. the second deals with the revival of Romanism. Dr. Haldeman never hesi- A soul-stirring and bravely written tates to speak out forcefully in his book, advocating a line of spiritual development which must alike benefit antagonism to anything that he rehumanity and the Church of Christ. gards as error in faith or practise. The author deplores the false culture so prevalent in our day which re- NEW BOOKS moves us from the world, divides humanity into selective groups, and DLGEST OF ANGLO-MOHA2'.IMEDAN LAW. By widens the gulf between men. "We Sir Roland Knyvet Wilson, Bart., M.A., are the marvel of the world in build- LL.M. Fourth edition. Thacker & Co., ing up a nation out of all the peoples London and Calcutta, 1913. of the earth. But do we not regard and use these peoples as the builders A TURKISH WOMAN'S EUROPEAN IMPRESof our highways and tillers of our ground, rather than weaker children SIONS. By Zeynel Hououm. Edited by of God to be helped and uplifted by their strdnger brothers?" We can Grace Ellison. 3s. 6d., or 5s. Seeley not say "Our Father," unless we regard every human being as our Service & Co., London, 1913. ' brother. Do we speak of the "class" of people in our church, and the KURDS AND CHRISTIANS. Edited by the class we want there? "We have no Rev. F, N. Heazell and Mrs. Margoright to interpret our individual life upward, and then interpret our liouth. 16mo, 239 pp. Wells Gardner, brothers' lives downward. . . . Elec- Darton & Co., London, 1913. tion of any kind is ultimate atheism. You are God's child; so, then, is the MOHAMMEDANISM: TBE SOURCES FROM humblest servant in your house." This WHICB IT SPRANG, THE IDEALS WInCH is a work of profound thought and fearless expression, which points the IT TEACBES, AND TBE RESULTS WHICH way to a broader and nobler social IT HAS ATTAINED. By the Rev. Raymond service in developing a higher type of spiritual life. P: Dougherty. 33 pp. Albert Academy CHILDREN AT PLAY IN MANY LANDS. By Press, Freetown, Sierra Leone, 1912. Katherine Stanley Hall. Illustrated. 8vo. 104 pp. 75c., net. Missionary Edu- THE PASSING OF THE TURKISH EMPIRE IN cation Movement, 1912. EUROPE. By Captain R. Granville Baker. These novel and attractive games will provide novelty and instruction to 12mo, 335 pp. Seeley, Service & Co., children in the home, the Sundayschool and mission bands. They will London, 1913. also make more real the lives of "other bemA AND THE INDIANS. By Edward F. boys and girls," and will increase sympathy with those of foreign lands. Elwin. 352 pp. lOs., 6d., net. Murray, "MILLENNIAL DAWNISM." By 1. M. Halde- London, 1913. man, D.D. THE SOUL OF INDIA: An Introduction to TBE SCARLET WOMAN. By J. M. Halde- man, D.D. lOc. Charles C. Cook, New the Study of Hinduism in Its Historical York, 1912. Setting and Development and in Its These pamphlets deal with movements antagonistic to the simple Gos- Internal and Historical Relations to Christianity. By G. Howells. 623 pp.

55., /tef. James Clarke & Co. London 1913. "

AN HEROIC BISHOP: TBE LIFE-STORY OF FRENCH OF LAHORE. By Eugene Stock. 128 pp. 2s., net. Hodder & Stoughton, London, 1913. THE LI~E OF A SOUTH AFRICAN TRIBE. By Henn A. Junod. Vol. 1. The Social Life; Vol. II. The Psychic Liie. ISs.

each vol. Published at N euchatel and by Macmillan, London, 1913.

KONGOLANV: A Book for Young People.

By Kenred Smith. Introduction by Sir Harry J ohnsoll. 2s., 6d., net. Carey Press, London, 1913. TilE THREE RELIGIONS OF CHINA. By the Rev. W. E. Soothill. 324 pp. 6s., net. Hodder & Stoughton, London, 1913.

THE HISTORY OF THE JEWS IN CHINA. By S. R. Pelerman. 95 pp. 25., net. Mazin, London, 1913.

ABORIGINES OF SOUTH AMERICA. By the Late Colonel G. E. Church. Edited by Sir Clements Markham. 314 pp. lOs.

6d., net. Chapman and Hall, London 1913. '

The Missionary Review of the World — December 1912

SEA PROTESTANT MI5510Nb

IN THE.

TURKI5H EMPIRE.

• MISSION ,sTATION:;:'

~~~~~~~~~~~~ ,: IA TRfBl2'OHD '_. , .'

.. ' …….. _*,;,,- ~ rRIfRUM .(..'– *,,~ …………

•: -<> '. ,•, '..,.'~–.'"', , •• l.t M~ D .( BAr.HIlAD ", N 5 EA … '" ' ……" ,, , E ypT A RA B . '",-……… __ ……

A :PRAWN 'FOR"'THE fIt1,S!oIONA'RYREvtEW O'F THE WORL.D:'

MAP OF TURKISH EMPIRE

SULTAN'S PALACE ON THE BOSP H ORUS, CONSTANTINOPLE

Missionary

e ~ of the World VOL. XXXV. No. 12. DECEMBER, 1912 VOL. XXV. No. 12. Old Seri.. New Series Signs of the Times ITHE BALKAN WAR AND MISSIONS holy war, and even the bishop of the T is difficult to estimate the effects Russian Church in New York City of such a great war waged so invoked the blessing of God upon the rapidly and so fiercely. Undoubtedly Bulgarian arms, and with vivid imagione of the immediate results will be nation has pictured the Russian Cross Moslem alienation and the feeling on placed triumphantly upon the mosque the part of the Turks of the bitterest of St. Sophia (formerly a Christian hostility. The work of the mission- church), in tbe heart of Constantinaries, which has brought them into ople. The Turks resent the kindly personal contact with the Mohamme- ministrations of the Red Cross Sodans, and by way of evangelization, ciety, because of the symbolism of its must, for a time, be suspended. As name, for they hate every form of the a result of their defeats, the Moslems cross, and they have attempted to will be for a long time to corne in a form a Red Crescent Society of their sullen and angry mood. Their na- own. tional pride and their religious predominance in European Turkey have While the immediate results of this been broken. They now fear that their war must be turmoil and suspicion ancient and cherished mosques in and hatred, with possible destruction Adrianople will be utterly demolished of missionary property and loss of by the Bulgarians, and Constantinople life, the eventual and far-reaching efitself has been .thrown into panic. fects will be propitious. Constantin- Altho most of the Turks realize the ople will be humiliated, if not actually Itafian war and the Balkan war have captured. The illusion of Panbeen prompted by political and selfish Islamism will be checked, and, permotives on the part of neighboring haps, destroyed. Orientals instinctnations, yet they must feel that these ively accept the accomplished fact are the last angry thrusts of Christen- with stoicism. If the Bulgarians are dom in attempting to drive back and victors, it is the decree of God. Thus overthrow Mohammedan government. Islam will lose its absolutism and its Indeed, the kings of the allied states proud spirit of domination, which is have declared their invasion to be a held by the masses of Turks without personal conviction or reasoning faith.

The editors seek to preserve accuracy and to manifest the spirit of Christ in the pages of this REVIEW, but do not acknowledge responsibility for opinions exprest, nor for positions taken by con· tributers of siiDed articles in these pages.-EDITORS.

The Bulgarian Government is more College and of the American College tolerant and friendly toward mission- for Women. There are also several ary work than either the Austrian cr other missions in the disturbed territhe Russian. The Bulgarians always tory. STEPHEN VAN R. TROWBRIDGE. recognize the great debt which they owe to Robert College as the one in- PAN-ISLAMISM AND THE BALKAN stitution where their young men were WAR trained during the seventies and eighties for building up the new na- THE war between Turkey and the tion. Translation of the Bible into minor powers of the Balkan Bulgarian was accomplished by a committee of missionaries and native help- Peninsula will no doubt give great ers, and in most all the Bulgarian impetus to Pan-Islamism. Religious homes copies of the Scriptures are feeling will be aroused whether Turnow found. The people have wel- key conquers or is conquered. The comed this great gift which has come struggle is one between nominal through the Americans. But while we Christian forces and a Moslem state. try to see in this titanic conflict some future blessing and some final good, Observers of the undercurrents of we can not avoid the sad conviction political and religious feeling in India that, like the Crusades, this invasion and the Middle East have watched by the allies is utterly unchristian. with some apprehension the progress The methods of war are barbarous, of Pan-Islamism caused by the and Christ can not be conceived of as course of events in Persia and the countenancing the awful bloodshed, now finished war between Italy and the burning of villages, and the wide- Turkey. The Indian Mohammedan spread plundering, but to the Balkan Press, the pilgrims returning from people and to the Greeks this war is Mecca, and Arabic and Turkish agiinvested with sacred sanction. They tators have spread the belief among look upon it much as some northern the vast Mohammedan population of men have always looked upon the Asia, and especially of India, that a Civil War in America, as a great sac- conspiracy exists among the Chrisrifice in a just cause. But, mixt with tian Powers of Europe to destroy the these humanitarian motives there are few Mohammedan States and annex the most ppwerful motives of national their territories. Does not the war ambition and revenge, so that it is hard now raging in the Balkans look like for us to believe that the war was a confirmation of such a conspiracy? altogether unavoidable. Mohammedans in general are con- The American Board has estab- vinced that they have been abominlished work at Samakon and Philip- ably treated lately and that this has popolis (the ancient Philippi), in Bul- been done by a previously arranged garia, and in the cities of Monastir agreement of the Powers. The Mosand Salonica (ancient Thessalonica), lem Press in India has been denouncin Macedonia, and at Kortcha, Al- ing the British policy in Persia in bania. Constantinople is a great mis- bitter terms, while the Moslem Press sionary center and the seat of Robert at large seems to desire the proclama- tion of a Holy War. It looks to the Amir of Afghanistan as the leader of such, because Afghanistan is the last of the really independent Mohamme-

OF THE TIMES

dan States. Its Moslem priests are Heeding the urgent appeals of influential and powerful, and under Mr. Griffin the Synod of the Gold their preaching the turbulent fanat- Coast District took the initiative step icism of the people has greatly in- in the great campaign among these creased of late. There is danger that heathen and against Islam.' Two the Amir may listen to the flatteries missionaries, two out 'of her all too and, inflated with pride, may assume small staff of eight Europeans, were the championship of the Moslem set apart for pioneer work in the world, tho at present Pan-Islam· Northern Territories. Soon a third ism seems to lack both militant capac- European may follow them.

ity and practical cohesion, which are At the same time a well-equipped necessary for a Holy War. Training College, supported by local A FORWARD MOVEMENT IN WEST funds, is being erected. God willing, AFRICA it will send forth a stream of native DURING the past few years the agents and ministers, who will also 'Wesleyan Methodist Church of be supported from local resources, to assist the missionaries in the far England reports more results in Af- Sudan. Thus the native churches of rica than in all their other fields put the Gold Coast have started a great together. More than half of the in- forward movement in the battle crease has been in West Africa. against Islam. God bless them. This year's total increase has been 1600, of which the Gold Coast con- ABUDDHISTS CONVERTED IN BURMA tributed g60. N extraordinary spiritual stirring of "dry bones" of Buddhism is It is natural that under these cir- cumstances the Wesleyans are plan- taking place in the Hinthahdah dis- ning a forward movement "in the Hin- trict, in Burma. For some two or terlands of West Africa, where the three years past a very prominent heathen tribes are rapidly becoming Buddhist priest has been traveling Mohammedan. The Northern Terri- through the length and breadth of the tories of the Gold Coast beyond Sa- country, exhorting the people to ab- laga have been selected. They are stain from animal food and to live still virgin soil, and their hundreds pure lives. Other priests followed in of thousands of pagans are still un- his footsteps. Then a hermit began touched by Islam. No missionary to lead a movement toward holiness ever penetrated the dark region until of life by means of self-denial, soli- this year, when the chairman of the tary meditation, and giving for re- Gold Coast District, Rev. W. R. ligious and charitable purposes. He Griffin, accompanied by a native min- had secured over 3,000 followers, ister,. pushed his way north for about when he met a catechist of the So- 600 miles as far as Navoro on the ciety for the Propagation of the Gos- borders of the French Sudan. pel, who told him of Christ and the Everywhere he was well received. way of salvation. By the grace of Everywhere the country is open for God, the Buddhist hermit has been unlimited missionary advance, while converted, and is seeking prayerfully there is imminent danger of Moham- and faithfully to lead his followers medan advance and conquest. to Christ.

Miss Susan E. Haswell, a veteran discourse on the four noble truths by missionary in Burma, came among Ananda Metteya (Macgregor), of these people and was able to lead Burma. Mrs. Rhys Davids, who is them on in the way of salvation. She a quite well-known scholar, gave the found a surprizingly large number of presidential address, in which "our earnest spiritual inquirers, and she theosophical friends" were referred states that in So years of missioaary to and Christ and Buddha were se- life she has never known such a lected as examples of great teachers.

wide-spread movement Godward The Buddhist Society's general sec- among the Buddhists. In Prome, the retary gave an outline of Gautama's Baptist missionary told her that there life, while the next speaker spoke of a Buddhist priest was the head of a England's great need of the gift of new sect seeking for righteousness, Truth, and of "the omniscient eye of and that one of the priests who had the all-pervading tenderness of Bud- joined the sect had become a Chris- dha." A lady followed, a traveler, tian. He was baptized at the annual who stated that she was not a Bud- meeting of the Prome Baptist Asso- dhist, but that having counted over ciation. At Pegu, another Buddhist forty religions in America and then priest has abjured idolatry and has gone on to Burma, and watched the taught his 200 followers to do like- joyous Burman, she had discovered wise. In consequence, he and his that these forty religions had each followers have been publicly excom- borrowed something from Buddhism!

municated by 200 Buddhist priests, Other speakers followed, each prais- who assembled for the purpose. ing Buddhism and affirming that Bud- Surely, God is working among the dhism has a message for Western Buddhists in Burma. countries. N a discussion was allowed, but it was announced that an open BUDDHISM IN LONDON weekly meeting is held on each Lord's Day, at 6 :30 P.M., at 19 Buckingham A WRITER in an English mis- Street, Strand.

sionary magazine of very recent We have called attention to the date describes what he calls the "lat- spread of Buddhism in England and est and most instructive addition to in Europe before (see MISSIONARY the 'May-meetings' of London town, REVIEW, April, 1911, page 315). Is viz., the Buddha Day, which was it not tllpe that this Western "Budarranged by the Buddhist Society of dhism," with the partially kindred Great Britain and Ireland." At the movements of Theosophy and Chrismeeting some eight or nine speakers tian Science, be more carefully discoursed to perhaps 200 hearers for watched by Christian leaders? two hours on Buddhism as the solution of life in the twentieth century. EVIDENCE OF PROGRESS IN CHINA On the chairs were pamphlets setting WHEN the missionaries of the forth the work and aims of the Bud- Southern Presbyterian Church dhist Society of Great Britain and went to Suchien in 1894, they were Ireland, and the need of a central driven out of town by the officials and Buddhist hall in London after three by a mob that they had collected.

and a half years' work, and also a Later they were able to rent rooms in

an old inn where the work was car- to leave and entrust the work to the ried on for three or four year!>. When three native helpers, who were yet the people learned who the mission- untried. It was planned that the three aries were, the property was secure, helpers should move into Kyelang but the opposition to the work re- and the outstation at Tschott should mained. During the first ten years not be abandoned.

more than ten or twelve were received While these plans were under con- into the church at Suchien, but during sideration, the enemy made an attack the last ten years 250 have come in. upon the work. Its leader was the At Hsuchoufu the missionary women Thasildar (president of the country), were recently ordered away on ac- who naturally is an enemy to the mis- count of increasing turbulence. The sion and its enlightening work, which Chinese general placed a special train diminishes his influence. Two years at their command, sent a guard of sol- before he had publicly preached com- diers, and his own wife and children plete separation from the Christians, along with them. when the people assembled for the A great spiritual movement at Chao- Lama dances. N ow he ordered Ge- cheng Sha, about thirty miles north pang, the Hindu god which is most of Pingyangfu, in the province of feared in that neighborhood, brought Shan-Si, is reported by the mission- from the temple and conducted in triaries of the China Inland Mission. umphal procession thro~gh Kyelang Between 500 and 600 families are re- and the part of Lahul which is in- ported to have put away idols, and the habited by Buddhists, who were people show great eagerness to buy obliged to sacrifice, much against their Christian books. The missionary serv- inclination, to the god, and finally in- ices are attended by crowds, and the stalled in the palace of the Thasildar.

officers and members of the Church It is reported that the Thasildar first are deeply stirred, so that a great spanked the mighty god most thor- spiritual awakening seems to be at oughly with his slipper, thus showing hand. One class of inquirers numbers utter contempt, and then, fearing that already 42, and other classes are being the god might send some evil or a organized. sickness, reconciled him with a fine GOOD NEWS FROM TIBET present. But the Buddhists, who sur- round the mission, paid little atten- THREE years ago, when the Mora- tion to the god. Then the Thasildar vians reluctantly decided upon sent for the Skuschog (holy man) retrenchment, Kyelang, the station in of Hemis. Both went from village West Himalaya, was condemned to to village and the Skuschog was over- lose its European missionary. Kyelang whelmed with rich presents, while lies between the Rotang Pass to the smoking altars ornamented the roads south and the Baralacha Pass to the upon which he traveled, for the Sku- north, and is cut off from the rest of schog is to these people the incarna- the world all the winter months, and tion of a god. But the holy man during that lonely season the mission- prophesied that no snow would fall ary, Mr. G. Hettasch, began to pre- until he had passed over the Rotang pare for the time when he would have Pass-and the snow did not wait-

that cooled off the enthusiasm of the as recently as 1903, the presiding people somewhat. The Skuschog did missionary, Braches, wrote that he not at all oppose the missionaries, as was in fear of the breaking up of the Thasildar had expected, but he the work, and was earnestly praying became quite friendly with them and for a revival. In 1904 there were often visited them, tho he did not only IS baptisms, and in 1905 only give them any opportunity to speak 44, but from 19OO on the number of to him concerning his SOUl's salvation. baptisms became more satisfactory The missionaries worked on faith- (1906, 141; 1907, 113; 1908, 146; fully, but sorrowfully throughout that 1909, 286; 1910, 107; 1911, 221), lonely winter, until, after three amI and the Dumber of native Christians one-half months, the first mail brought had increased to 3,250 at the close them the news that English friends of 1911, of whom 1,045, or almost had promised to provide the necessary one-third, were baptized within the means for Kyelang for another. The last five years. The number of cate- Lord had answered their prayer, and chumens from the Dyaks is 689.

missionaries and native Christians The last reports from the mission- joined in glad thanksgiving. A year aries in Borneo show that the fire of later, in the fall of 1911, Missionary the revival is rapidly spreading, and Hettasch left for home and the work that inquirers in large numbers are remained under the care of the native asking for instruction and baptism.

helpers throughout the winter, pros- They are pleading for reenforcements pered .and guarded by the Lord. and for the founding of a new mis- sionary center in the interior; stating GLAD TIDINGS FROM BORNEO that the rapid spread of Islam also ONE demands a more energetic and ag- of the most encouraging fields gressive missionary work. New of the Rhenish Missionary So- schools are being opened in many ciety is the island of Borneo, ·the places and are well attended. In largest island of the East Indian some places the heathen clearly show Archipelago. Commenced in 1842, that they no longer trust their gods among the Dyaks of the southeastern and idols. Baptisms are quite fre- part of the island, the first efforts quent, and here and there a chief, met with little success. In 1859, the more or less known, is found among Dyaks rose in rebellion, in reality those who by baptism publicly confess against the Dutch Government, but their faith in Christ. Even in Band- the missionaries were the sufferers. jermasin, the port of southern Bor- Seven of them were killed, the rest neo, which has been considered the were forced to flee, all stations being most difficult station on account of burned down, and the work was en- the mixed population, there are great- tirely interrupted until 1866. From er encouragements than in any pre- that time on the missionaries have vious year. The hour of victory seems labored on steadily, but amid such to be approaching throughout the difficulties and with such small nu- island of Borneo, but more laborers merical success for many years that are needed at once.

WHITE TOWER OF SALONICA, THE PRI NCIPAL PORT OF

This is the ancient city of Thessalonica. It has recently been captured by the Greeks. The Tower was fo rmerly called "The Bloody Tower: '

A TYPICAL TOWN IN THE MOU NTAINS OF BULGARIA It is in these rugged regions that the hardy soldiers have been trai ned who now have won such unparalleled victories.

TYPICAL BULGARIAN

A BA ND OF BULGARIAN SOLDIERS

NEARER EAST

BY REV. GEORGE F. HERRICK, D.D., FORMERLY OF CONSTANTINOPLE LAMES long smoth- any true interpretation of the sig- nificance of the great conflict. The mF ered have suddenly history of nations and races of men broken out in fierce is a mighty tree. Its roots run deep and wide-spread con- and wide and interlock in the rich flagration in south- eastern Europe. Like soil of human passion, good and subterranean fires, only close observ- evil.

ers knew that the outburst in earth- The four states now uniting to quake and flame was but a question of crush out the life of the Ottoman time. And even close and expe- Empire by the rush and clash of rienced observers quite miscalculated armies were but as yesterday peoples the military strength and skill of subject to the Ottoman power.

Bulgaria and her allies, and the Greece first, fourscore years ago, weakness of Turkey, whose reputa- then much later, easily within the tion as the possessor of a large army memory of men still living, Servia, composed of first rate fighting ma- Montenegro and Bulgaria became in- terial, disciplined by German officers, dependent of Ottoman rule. During was regarded all over Europe as well the centuries of their subjection to established. the Turks they suffered cruel oppres- What is the significance of these sion and their religion was the object amazing events so near at hand? of the contempt of their conquerors.

What is to be their influence upon That they should, when they be- the increase and the ultimate triumph came free, erase from their mem- of righteousness and the Kingdom ories the wrongs they had suffered of God in Europe and the East? and be really friends of the Turks Is this conflict .a religious war? would have been a moral miracle.

Is it a life and death struggle be- Always expect the Oriental to play tween hostile creeds? To these ques- double. The smile he wears may be tions some ,answer, "Yes ;" others the sheath of a dagger. Till it is answer, "No." There is truth in opportune to strike he is apparently bC)th answers. It is Christian against your friend. Interest and oppor- Moslem and there is a strong appeal tunism may veil plans of revenge made on both sides to religious long cherished and never forgotten.

passion. The ferocity which actual Russia has for more than two hun- war lets loose is intensified and em- dred years cherished the purpose bittered by religious fanaticism. But some time to seize Constantinople and this fierce struggle is not, in fact, a make it her southern capital, and· to religious war in any such sense as add the northeastern provinces of the Crusades and many of the wars Turkey to her empire. She has of central Europe in the sixteenth hitherto, by the opposition of the and seventeenth centuries were re- western powers of Europe, been ligious wars. balked in all attempts to achieve her Certain facts imperfectly known on purpose. Greece and the Balkan this side of the Atlantic, or half for- states have for many years cherished gotten, form an essential basis for plans for increasing their territory

and their national importance at the division of the spoils of war will be expense of Turkey, but have been a baffling problem for those states held back, like hounds in leash, from themselves, as it will be for the Great rushing upon their ancient foe by the Powers of Europe. Alas! and alas! overmastering influence of the six the needless effusion of human Great· Powers. blood!

There is an Arabic proverb which Now turn to Turkey and let us says, "God postpones; he does not give, in few words, a statement neglect." The proverb seems to ap- of the conditions and events which ply also to eastern peoples, great have made possible the unnatural and small, whose national aspirations temporary coalition of Greece and have been long stifled but never the Balkan states. crusht or abandoned. It is not yet four years, till next As a matter of fact, the leaders April, since the reign of Abdul on both sides of the states now at Hamid II ended. The readers of war, are men who care vastly more these lines are invited to apply a for material gain than they do for powerful stimulus to their imaginatheir ancestral faith. Their faith is tions and so try to gain some faint often but a loose cloak worn in idea of the condition in which that public, sometimes a slogan with disastrous reign left the Empire of which to spur on the laggards of Turkey. Throughout the third of a their people. In words, in mani-" century of that reign no man walked festoes, and proclamations they are erect. He looked to right and left, superlatively religious and patriotic, as we do to escape automobiles while in fact they are but personally when crossing Broadway or Fifth ambitious, and their vision is limited Avenue, to see if he was watched by by a purely material horizon. a spy. All enterprise was stifled. Hopelessness, blank despair, reigned The four States that have suddenly everywhere. Thousands of good jumped upon Turkey have no aim in men were in exile. common except just now to crush their former oppressor and bring about bet- Within a century the empire had ter conditions in Macedonia. But for undergone seven major amputations. many years, more than half a cen- Its population had been reduced onetury, the hostility, largely on religious half. The Powers of Europe had an grounds, between Greeks and Bul- unwritten and uncompleted undergarians in Macedonia, has been standing as to the disposition to be greater than that between either made of what remained of the muti- Greek or Bulgarian and the Turks. lated and moribund body. A mighty It is this hostility, breaking out again host of officials were parasites suckand again in actual slaughter, which, ing away the best blood of those coupled with the weakness of the races. Turkish administration, has, for years, made Macedonia the danger What magnificent courage it rezone of Europe. quired for a few men, scattered and hidden within the empire, secretly Victorious in the present war, tho working with exiles in the various the attacking powers may be, the countries of Europe, tQ 1,tn<1ertake to

restore and foster new life in their designs, looking toward the increase fatherland. of their power.

It was a forlorn hope. The task The Turks will scarcely weep over was complex; it was tremendous. one result of this war, if such result The record of April 13th to 27th, shall follow, that is, of setting all I 909, of the constitutional army, Europe by the ears, of arraying Chris- is one of the most brilliant in human tian against Christian in internecine history. Niasi, Enver, Mahmoud strife. They looked in vain, a year Shevket, became names to conjure ago, for European intervention in their with. The people of Europe, of the behalf to stop the piratical raid of Great Powers and the smaller Powers, Italy into North Africa. They have those now at war with Turkey, were again appealed to the Great Powers to compelled to sympathize with the control the ambitions of the Balkan heroic endeavor of the young Turks. States. This time also the appeal has They seemed to have forgotten their been in vain. The neutrality of Rou- well-laid schemes for the dismember- mania can be justified; it can be ap- ment of the Ottoman Empire. plauded. The "neutrality" of the Great How shallow the sympathy of Eu- Powers is quite another matter. Would rope for constitutional Turkey actual- that the implacable jealousies that ly was became soon evident. There have long exhibited Europe as a big was nowhere patience with the mis- group of armed camps-a condition takes the young Turks made. They the astute Abdul Hamid always knew were bad mistakes, no doubt. They how to manipulate in his own interest tried to weld all races into one Otto- -might so far give way to a united man nation. Shevket Pasha made and effective purpose to secure the spectacular exhibition of the strength permanent triumph of justice throughof the reorganized army in the disas- out the nearer East as speedily to end trous attempt to reduce by a cruel ex- this dreadful war. ercise of force the Albanian and Arabian mountain tribes to "normal We cannot read the record of the order." The crowd that yesterday ap- future. But even if the worst should plauded, to-day cry "Down with the come for Turkey and the Turks, Turk-turn him out of Europe I" and their empire were dismembered, still those millions of men are The charge, honestly made by Mos- there, and among them everywhere lems, a charge based on ample evi- are, living and working in their indence, is that the Christian Powers terest, American missionaries, educaunscrupulously grasp after self-ag- tors, physicians, philanthropists, in grandizement. The Moslem thinks that whose sympathy and help the Turks the Christian claim, e. g., as voiced by have learned to confide. It is through Italy in her invasion of North Africa, these influences, increasing and exthat Europe is desirous of elevating tending year by year, that by us the the people of the East, of extending work Europe fails to do for Moslem the area of Christian civilization, is races will finally be accomplished. but a thin veil hypocritically flaunted NOVEMBER lIth.-Such details as we have concerning the war now waging before the world to cover their selfish iQ southeastern Europe amply justify

General Shennan's famous three- sorely chafed under the imperious word definition of war. "Masterly commands of those Powers. They are strategy," "military glory," "national men, not children, and now, flushed rejoicing over victory!" This is what with victories, bought with blood, they the world hears echoed from the seat defy divided Europe.

of war. But to what point have we come in But five facts, with their ugly faces, the progress (?) of civilization when glare at us from those battlefields, viz.: a war like that now raging is possible?

Justice is conspicuous for her ab- Is it not high time that the nations of sence from that part of the world, and Christendom should unitedly resolve her place is usurped by hatred and re- and decree that this shall be the last, venge. the final sacrifice to Mars which shall Bulgar and Turk have vied with deluge the fairest fields of our planet each other in a wild beast death with human blood? Let us have grapple. peace, peace in fact, peace based on Scores of thousands of Christian righteousness and love, peace every- and Moslem youth, the hope of their where.

people, will return to their homes no It is hazardous to prophesy, but it more. looks as tho from this war would Hundreds of thousands of'innocent emerge results like the following: men, women and children are to-day The Ottoman Empire will hereafter homeless, weeping, starving, bereft of be bounded by a line extending from all that makes life worth living. the Black Sea to the Marmora, in- The entering into Constantinople of cluding the defenses of Tchatalja, pos- the Turkish army, beaten, starving, sibly a hundred miles further west, uncontrolled, fleeing before their ex- including the old Turkish capital, ultant foe, as the result of the final Adrianople, and Rodosto on the sea.

battle, involves awful peril to human The very important port and city life, not of foreigners, but of Chris- of Salonika will be lost to Turkey, tian natives, in the city of Constan- and for possession of it will appear tine. three claimants, viz.: Bulgaria, Greece, The problem as between Bulgarians and Austria.

and Greek-can it be solved? In Con- No agreement concerning Constan- stantinople are very few Bulgarians, tinople seems to be possible except to but there are 200,000 Greeks residing leave it to the Turks. It can not be there. permanently made a free city. Some Why should the armies of the allies solatium must be given to Russia.

enter the capital city? Will forcing What will it be? Persia?

the Turks to drink the very dregs of Finally, what most appeals to us is the cup of wormwood give promise of the evidence accumulating in recent more. abiding peace in the years to years which compels a confident ex- come? pectation that the peaceful and That the allies are bound to act in- friendly influence of Christian Amer- dependently of the Powers is not sur- ica in what remains of the Ottoman prizing. For many years they have Empire will be greatly increased.

CALL OF THE

UNOCCUPIED MISSION FIELDS IN WESTERN AND SOUTH WESTERN ARABIA By REV. JOHN C. YOUNG, ADEN.

ROM the Gulf of found its wilderness even less inviting than the barren Hegaz, but they have mF Akaba in the North to partly occupied the more Southern the Straits of Bab el parts of Aboo Areesh and Tehamah, Mandeb in t1!e South, of which the principal ports are Ho- there is a coast line deidah and Mocha. The former is of 1,300 miles from now the large and wealthier town, which practically nothing can be seen altho from its association with the but fiat, · sandy desert and rocky coffee bean, Mocha is still the better wilderness. known. Many people have heard of Niebuhr's disagreeable "incidents" Then from Perim in the West to there, when the story spread like the Kuria Muria Islands in the East, wildfire that he was going to poison there is another 800 miles or more, all the Moslems with serpents prenear which, except at the Wady served in spirits of wine. mouths, it would take a microscopic eye to discover a green field or a ver- From Sheikh Said, which overlooks dant plain. the Straits of Bab el Mandeb, until the Kuria Muria Islands are reached, In the North the Desert of Sinai the voyager can see little or no green meets the Hagaz, which has Yambo except close to Aden. Mirages, rocks, and Djeddah for its ports, and, desert sand or salt marshes are all apart from the desert itself, probably that can be discerned,. apart from a has the most arid, least fertile part of few fishermen's huts and coral divers' Arabia for its interior. shanties.

At Djebel Aseer the huge crescent- When, however, the traveler has shaped range of mountains, which cfOssed this uninviting belt of nearly hems in the Hegaz, takes a sharp turn toward the sea. The Turks have

A GROUP OF VILLAGERS FROM: AN ARAB TOWN level sand and salt-laden scrub, he As a rule the tribesman of South meets, at a distance of from 20 to 100 Arabia is a jealous, quarrelsome man, miles from the coast, great black rocks, placed like sentinels to chal- with whom tribal revenge becomes a lenge his approach. These passed, and the mountains climbed, he at once sacred duty and in the carrying out finds himself on a rich plateau where of which he will stoop to any depth almost anything will grow: and large and use the most deceitful means. fields of jowari, wheat and barley, Too often family blood feuds and spreading vines and shady fruit trees tribal qurrels are kept going by tne teU not only of a plentiful water sup- women, for having nothing better to ply and fertile soil, but also of a most do, they stir up strife and foment industrious people. mischief, till sorrow comes to their own door and then they do it more Physically, the Arab of South and than ever. "For the female of the Vvest Arabia is short in stature, with species is more deadly than the a wiry frame and is capable of great male." endurance. He frequently has a Jewish cast of face. and when the Arab In those parts of Arabia with woman of the interior is placed which I am acquainted, woman's side by side with her Jewish sister it hatred and woman's fanaticism adis almost impossible to distinguish be- vance in proportion to her ignoranc~; tween them. When a Jew from the consequently, it is by no means an interior has his distinguishing curl of uncommon thing for a woman's jibe hair taken away he can generally pass to be the cause of a neighbor's death muster for an Arab. and the real reason for a tribal war.

The people are divided into two Many villages have not one inhabiclasses: Kabilis and Rawis-a fight- tant who is able to read or write, ing class and a working class. consequently the people are dependent on wandering minstrels and other beggars for news of the outside

CALL OF THE

MOKALLA-A NEGLECTED OPPORTUNITY ON THE AF.AB I AN COAST world and, as their credulity is very Sayyid's grave. Yet despite the fact great, they are ready to believe the that most male children have their most absurd stories and drink in the heads dedicated to the local Saint, most incredible tales. Niebuhr re- and wear a lock of hair on their peats the story of two beggars who crowns to show that they are so dedihad asked charity from the Governor cated, the people are most fanatical of Taez. As only one of them re- Moslems, arid whether they be Sunnis ceived a dole the other went to the or Shiahs, Shafais or Zaidis, Sufis or tomb of a local saint named Ismael Hanafis they are always ready to as- Malik, a former king, and asked him sert defiantly that there is no deity for aid. Whereupon Ismael stretched but God. out his hand from his tomb and gave the beggar a letter with an order for Even the better class, who are, as one hundred crowns. The story goes a rule, quiet and self-contained, seem that on careful examination it was to want only a single spark to infound that the dead king had actually flame the wildest excitement of their written this order with his own hand, nature, and then they are so changed and sealed it with his own seal, con- that they appear more like maniacs sequently, the bill had to be cashed, than men. If a Christian boldly debut in order to prevent such a call clares in a public place that Jesus upon the treasury being repeated, the Christ is the son of God, the audience Governor had the tomb enclosed with will leave, like a knotless thread, crya thick wall. ing out "become a Moslem, become a Moslem,': or for a space of many Saint worship is common every- hours they will join in the cry "La where. In fact there is not a single ilah illa Allah" .(There is no deity town in South Arabia and scarcely a but· God-There is no deity but village that does not owe its rise to God"), and those that a moment bethe presence of a Saint's tomb or a fore appeared to be the most kind

and courteous gentlemen will seem Like Micah, the Ephraimite, they the most lost to reason. halt between two opinions yet try to "All their lives, through fear of . grip them both, offering sacrifice death, they are subject to bondage." both to God and to Mammon. In To keep off the djinns and evil spirits fact there is no joyous occasion upon many wear charms containing a verse which there is no sacrifice and there of the Koran and these mystical signs is never a treaty signed or solemn * * III. III which I interpret thus: compact made between two tribes or reading from right to left: "I am the even between two individuals without bright and the Morning Star, true a sheep or a goat losing its life with A TYPICAL ARABIAN STRONGHOLD representative of God the Father, God the usual formula, "jn God's name" the Son and God the Holy Ghost, being repeated. and God the Father, God the Son and God the Holy Ghost are one Difficulties in the Way of Occupation God."* Thus far I have not found one who can logically refute this in- When we begin to ask ourselves terpretation, altho the CadEn tells me why these lands have not been enthat these signs were engraved on tered by the Christian Church, we are Solomon's signet ring. forced to confess that it is largely because the Church has been daunted In certain districts few, if any, by difficulty. people will go out after dark lest the djinns should get hold of them and Dr. Harpur, of the Church Misfor fear of these evil spirits a ring sionary Society, who is now . at work must at once be drawn round any- in Egypt, and his plucky, devoted one who has fallen down in an wife, were the first missionaries in epileptic fit. modern times to attempt the pene- tration of Arabia. Choosing Dthala • The Star is the Shield of David, and was, in the Aden hinterland as their future therefore, originally Jewish.-EDITOR. home, twenty-six years ago, they

CALL OF THE ARAB

settled down in the Ameer's country DANCING GIRLS OF ARABIA and found the people on the whole very friendly-far more friendly than ish Lutheran Church, tried to. begin they had expected. Daily, by caring work in Mukalla, next to Aden the for the sick and wounded, they were principal town in South Arabia. Beincreasing the number of their fore going thither he received from friends when a far too timid Govern- Col. Ashby, the then First Assistant ment ordered their recall in the midst Resident in Aden, a cordial letter of of the hot weather. As a result, Mrs. introduction to the Sultan with whom Harpur nearly lost her life in the he lived for a time. Then when he terrible journey from Dthala to the had made many friends in the place coast. and thought that he could with safety bring his household goods from Syria, Had there been a John Lawrence or an Andrew Fraser, as resident in Aden, or had there even been a sympathetic first assistant resident in charge, there would have been a different story to tell, and the useless waste of time as well as the large expenditure of treasure involved in marking out the frontier would not have been required nor would the scuttle policy have been entered upon that brought so much discredit to the British name. As a civilizing force one Medical Missionary is still as good as a regiment of soldiers.

The Rev. Oluf Hoyer, of the Dan- A TYPICAL ARABIAN COUN·TRY VILLAGE

he left Mukalla for Hebron, hoping ing permission from anyone he and soon to return with his whole family. his party settled in a village half-way In the interim, however, another king to Sana and for a time everything had arisen and a new First Assistant seemed to go well. Though a conse- resident was settled in Aden who not crated believer and a whole-hearted only refused to give him a letter of Christian man, he seemed, however, commendation, but who even went so to lack worldly wisdom, and having far as to say that he must not go. more zeal than discretion, more faith The missionary went, but in conse- than penetration, it was not long be- quence of the action of the Assistant fore the Turks brought him back to Resident, the Sultan said that he Hodeidah where he died of fever.

. could not allow Mr. Hoyer to settle The militant female workers, who in Mukalla without a letter from went out to be his co-workers, started Aden. He was shipped back in an Bazaar preaching in Hodeidah, but Arab dhow to "the cinder heap" were at once deported from the where he arrived in a most pitiful Yemen.

state owing to the want of cover, Mr. Camp did not live in vain; his the salt spray and the pitiless rays of heroic life and noble death opened a tropical sun. the question of a Christian's right to The third attempt to enter Arabia preach the Gospel, and it is generally from Hodeidah was made by Mr. understood that Mr. Moser, the Camp, an American carpenter, and American Consul who was sent to in- his wife, who took with them a blind vestigate the cause of his ill-treat- Syrian girl as their interpreter. They ment and death, secured from the came down from Jerusalem and Turkish Government permission for settled in Hodeidah where Mr. Camp missionaries to establish schools in worked, as his Master did, at the the Yemen and do other mission work carpenter's bench. Then without ask- of a non-controversial character.

A cell )"ANY OF JBWS IN ARABIA

CALL OF THE

AN ARABIAN MOS2UE How to Establish Christian Work has the art of asking questions and of raising a spirit of enquiry among Frontal attack with prior publica- his hearers, it will not be very long tion oJ plans rarely succeeds in actual before someone has the moral courwarfare, but even the Gibeonites age to own himself a disciple of overcame the Israelites with guile. our Lord Jesus Christ. When Moses said to his brother-inlaw, "Come with us and we will do The church can have no easy you good," he received a point-blank method in her dealings with Islam, refusal but when he asked him to and should never leave to individual come and be eyes for the children of enterprise what she ought to do as a Israel in the wilderness it was not body. The command was "go ye," to very long before Hobab's name was all the disciples, not "go thou" to only included in the list of the Hebrew one. Self-supporting mi~sionaries are travelers. wanted, and the more of them the better; but like Keith Falconer they I cannot, therefore, help commend- ought to come to Arabia or any other ing the method of Oluf Hoyer, who moslem land, with the Church's benewent to Hodeidah and quietly opened diction resting on them and with the a carpenter's shop: There he put definite assurance that the Church is a Moslem workman in charge and praying for and will continue to pray placed Scripture portions, New Tes- for them. For then the missionary taments and Holy Bibles into book- can cases already made for sale. He introduced other literature gradually, "v.,relcome each rebuff until he has now a fair-sized book That turns earth's smoothness shop, a good reading room and a Christian character established in that rough; fanatical town. If a medical mission- Each sting that bids not sit nor ary should now follow him, one who stand, but go."

Then he can dare and "never substance, light and heat are in the grudge the throe" as he knows that sun, and how fire, combustion and "the effectual fervent prayer of a heat are inseparably connected, he righteous man availeth much," and need not fear to bring forward the that all things will work together for doctrine of the Trinity. The adhis own good and God's glory. vance of science has undermined all other religions but leaves Christianity Preparation of the Mi••ionary on the Rock of Ages.

The greatest barrier to the speedy When Hannibal was thundering at entrance of the Gospel into Arabia the gates of Rome, the Roman Senate is the carnal portion of the Arab's decreed that Carthage should be atcomposition. The missionary must, tacked. This was done and the Cartherefore, come out "thoroughly fur- thaginian power was effectually nished into all good works" and es- broken. Are the children of this pecially furnished with a knowledge world always to be wiser in their of his own Bible. With God's Word generation than the Children of hid in his heart and knowing that Light? While Islam is invading "all Scripture given by inspiration China, attacking Japan, spreading of God is profitable for doctrine, re- over the Eastern Archipelago and proof, correction and instruction in riding rough shod through Africa, righteousness," he need never fear shall the Christian Church wring the Moslem's question: "Sole Maker her hands and cry: "What can I do?" of Heaven and Earth; how should he have a Son who hath no consort?" It is our first duty to plant th€; Seeing. that an illustration is more to cross once more in MukalIa, to unfurl an Arab than logical sequence, and the Christian Church's banner once remembering how space, ether and more in Sana. Since it is not by gravitation are omnipresent; how might nor by an army but by God's Spirit that Islam can be won, we AN AItAB WEDDING IN THB INTERIOR

A T:E:NACrOuS SCOTCHMAN AND H1S USE OF THE l31l3LE

must send messages and messengers aroused will sink like Galilee's waves along that Hegaz railway to Me- at God's command. The Moslem will dina and later to Mecca. Then let us take refuge in Allah against the Mismake no tarrying in our occupation sionary and will then listen to his of Jiddah, for when this has been message and finally will embrace his done the victory will soon be ours faith. Has not the time come to ocand the great opposition at first cupy the mission field in Arabia?

A TENACIOUS SCOTCHMAN AND HIS USE OF THE BIBLE NE of the speakers at usual preliminary message, "God's man is coming." Then he asked the mo .~ the annual meeting of cannibal chief-but let himself tell the British and Foreign the story: Bible Society was Dan- iel Crawford, a native "I wanted to get his side of the '.FiV of Greenock, in Scot- story, .and wonderful indeed were the land. In 1889 he emigrated to Africa, reasons he gave for massacring the settling finally in Katanga, which is whites. Then I started to read from situated in the southeast corner of the Bible. 'I don't know that book,' the Kongo Free State. There he he interrupted. 'It's a foreign book.' translated the New Testament into As he was waving me out of his den Luba, and parts of the Scriptures into there flashed on me from back someother tongues. It was an undertak- where in the book of Isaiah the words, ing worthy of a tenacious Scotchman, 'Go tell those smoking firebrands.' I for certain of the verbs with which he found the passage and said: 'You had to deal have 23 tenses and there think this a foreign book. Why, your are nouns with 19 genders. name is in it !' You should have seen the man, his canine brow wrinkled in This Spring, Daniel Crawford came the concentration of his thought. His back to England after an absence of name there! A foreign book which· is 23 years, and he tells the story of his a sort of cannibal directory! He broke adventures and of his labors to Chris- out with, 'Is there anything more tian audiences for instruction and for about me, the Smoking Firebrand?' encouragement. At the meeting of In a flash I remembered that grand the British and Foreign Bible Society old phrase-and thank God I knew he told the following remarkable where it was, for I had preached on it story: two Sundays before-'Ye were as brands plucked from the burning.' I A cannibal chief, black and ugly, drove that shot home. 'Anything who had received the name of "Smok- more?' asked the cannibal. 'Yes,' I reing Firebrand," had slain and eaten plied, 'this. "Others save, plucking 67 Belgians. Mr. Crawford went on them out of the fire."'" a message of conciliation to the robber's den-sending beforehand the

A STORY OF MISSIONARY

ANMAD is a station of stood nobly at the place of Christian duty until the outbreak was abating, i iMi Zenana Bible and Med- until aid could come from the nearest ical Mission in the station, Nasick, many miles away. Presidency of Bombay, She bore all the responsibility, the Western India, whose anxiety, the dread of death's pres- , orphan school, after ence, the pangs of heavy sorrow. She endured, until the visitation was alyears of faithful, prayerful labors, most passed away, until the doctor from Nasick arrived, and the sanitary contains 206 pupils and whose work is commissioner, then she broke down, and the physician had to fight strenuspirituaIly most encouraging. Of its ously for the life of the noble woman. He succeeded, by the help of God, three lady missionaries, two came in but Miss Harris had to leave the sta- tion, and was ordered to rest comcontact with a dog which had rabies pletely in bed for six weeks and then go home to England, if fit to travel. and had to undergo treatment at the The cholera, caused by one of the Pasteur Institute at Coonor. On their wells which had become poisoned from a flooded contaminated river, return; both were taken ill with which found its way through an un- suspected fissure in the trap rock of ptomaine poisoning. One passed the ground, has gone. There were away, the other, while mercifully 46 cases in all, and I7 deaths, chiefly spared, was forced to return to Eng- among the smaller orphans. But what a story of grim tragedy and of land. Thus Miss Harris was left Christian heroism. An orphan school with more than 200 children, a depleted alone in charge of the large family. staff of missionaries and one sorely burdened, physically weak missionary She was not very strong. The hard- standing resolutely at her post. Then, in the midst of the peace of the Sabships of the work had given her a bath Day, there breaks forth a pesti- lence, which in a few hours sweeps "weak ,heart." Yet, she undertook away many young lives. And through it all, the one frail woman the great responsibility without mur- stands at her post, completely ex- hausted, but taking no rest, until the muring, and God sustained her. danger is past and she herself col- lapses. What a story of Christian All went well until June 30, 19I2. consecration and of the power of the grace of God! 11 was the Lord's Day. Sabbath quiet prevailed and the girls had at- tended the services in the church in the morning, when suddenly there broke forth the dreaded enemy chol- era. The virulence of the attack was appalling – no human remedies seemed of the slighest avail. In a .few hours many young lives were swept away. During the terrible 24 hours of that Lord's Day there were 31 cases of cholera and 12 deaths.

Girls who had sung their Sabbath songs in the church in the morning, were being put into their coffins when the sun was sinking, and sent out to the cemetery. And through it all, one white-faced, frail English woman

EXPERTS IN

THE MEETING OF THE CONTINUATION COMMITTEE AT LAKE MOHONK. SEPTEMBER 26th TO OCTOBER ls.t, 1912 BY REV. JULIUS RICHTER, D.D., BERLIN, GERMANY Vice-Chairman of the Continuation Committee HE second meeting of sionary Society; for Director Dr. Boegner, Mr. Daniel Couve, secretary mT the Continuation Com- of the Paris Missionary Society. mittee of the Edin- burgh World Mission- It would be difficult to give a com- ary Conference was plete record of the four days' meet- held at Lake Mohonk ing. l!1c agenda of each day being Mountain House from September very full and the majority of the 26 to October I st. Readers will re- members, besides being kept busy in member that the first meeting was special committees of different types. held at Bishop Auckland, near Durham, in North England, 1911. For 1. Dr. John R. Matt's Tour Round this second meeting, held in America, the World. At the meeting of the eight of the British and nine of the committee in I9I I, the chairman, Dr. continental members had crost the John R. Mott, had been requested Atlantic, a remarkable proof of the by a unanimous vote to devote a value attached by the members them- greater part of his time and strength selves to the meetings of the com- to an extended visit on the great mittee. As the ten American mem- mission fields. After careful conbers were all present, 27 in all took sideration, he had accepted this inpart in the meeting. Three deaths vitation and had made the preparahad occurred since the meeting at tions for this new trip round the Bishop Auckland: Dr. George Rob- world, with his final energy and son, this unwearied, faithful organizer broadness. As he was to start immeof the Edinburgh Conference, had diately after the Lake Mohonk meetpassed away quietly after a prolonged ing, this trip, of course, was one of illness; Dr. A. Boegner, the fervent the big themes of the discussions. and eloquent director of the Paris Dr. Mott is intending to spend eight Missionary Society, died quite sud- months, from October, I9I2, to May, denly in the pUlpit at the end of one I913, in Asia, and to visit during this of his great sermons; Bishop Yoitsu time Ceylon, India, China, Japan, and Honda, the first Japanese bishop of Korea. His plan is to hold twenty the Methodist Episcopal Church, had conferences with picked and experibeen called away after a short illness. enced missionaries and native leaders, Besides, Dr. Eugene Stock, the able one in each of the great, characterishistorian of the Church Missionarv tic mission fields, to be followed probably by national conferences in Society, had resigned because of th~ India, China, and Japan. For these conferences in prolonged deliberations infirmity of old age. For all, besides with the mission boards of North Bishop Honda, substitutes had been America, Great Britain, and the conchosen in time: For Dr. Robson, Mr. tinent of Europe, he has drawn a Duncan MacLaren; for Dr. Eugene comprehensive questionnaire review- Stock, the Rev. C. C. Bardsley, hon- in~ all the great and difficult missionorary secretary of the Church Mis-

ary problems of to-day, leaving it at Committee primarily for the purpose the discretion of the committees pre- of creating as soon as possible an in- paring these conferences on the field ternational committee more or less to select from this big program those representing the whole constituency of points which are of special impor- the Edinburgh Conference and in- tance for each individual field. From vested with a certain degree of au- the point of view of a better com- thority by the mission boards and mon understanding and closer co- societies. There was practical operation among the forces, the gen- unanimity among the members of eral secretary of the World Students' the Continuation Committee on two Christian Federation, he plans to hold points: as that the Continuation a comprehensive evangelistic cam- Committee as well as the pt:ospec- paign among the students of Asia, tive international committee could specially those scores of thousands of never become an administrative or students in the government institu- governing or money-collecting body, tions and universities, and he has but is a consultative and coopera- invited his friend and fellow-worker, tive committee; by that to the dele- Mr. Sherwood Eddy, to accompany gates of the Edinburgh Conference him round the world for this impor- it would be of primary value that in tant evangelistic campaign, but not the committee, whatever its name and for the work on behalf of the Contin- functions may be, the spirit of Edin- uation Committee. Great expectations burgh should be preserved. In are entertained by the Continuation view of these facts the Continuation Committee with regard to this world- Committee was convinced that even wide tour, the first of its kind. Be- more important than the speedy for- sides the inspiration which the per- mation of an international committee sonal touch with the chairman of a was the continuity of the work begun world missionary committee, chosen at Edinburgh, and that if the men by . the unanimous and enthusiastk. who really know the situation in the vote of the most representative world different parts of the home constitu- missionary conference, will give to the ency were doubtful as to the prac- lonely missionaries in trying and ticability and usefulness of that difficult work, we hope that the re- transformation, it is better to wait sult of the tour will be a closer for some years until the situation has touch between the missionary asso- become clearer and an easy way for ciations on the field with the Con- that transformation has opened, than tinuation Committee at home, and that to wreck the continuation of the so the scattered missionary forces Edinburgh Conference. . In fact, tho of the churches and societies repre- many of the members of the commit- sented at Edinburgh will be better tee approached the discussion rather coordinated and be brought into closer hopefully, the close study of the sympathy. situation disclosed so unsurmountable 2. Transformation of the Continua- difficulties and so evident dangers tion Committee into an International that at the end none felt at liberty to Committee. The Edinburgh Confer- maintain any radical proposal. It was ence had instituted the Continuation resolved that five Americans and two

EXPERTS IN CONFERENCE

British members be added to the be reported that this year for the committee, so bringing the number first time in Great Britain, too, a of representatives for the United conference of the secretaries and rep- States and Canada up to fifteen and resentatives of the mission boards those of Great Britain to twelve. The has been held at Swanwick and that five new American members chosen it has appointed a special committee unanimously by the committee are on missions and governments. In view the Right Rev. Bishop Lloyd, of the of this situation the Continuation Protestant Episcopal Church; Mrs. Committee did not yet see its way Henry W. Peabody of Beverley, clear to appoint a further committee Mass. ; Rev. Dr. Mackay, of the Pres- for the same object. For questions byterian Board in Canada; President which evidently call for international Dr. Mullins, of the Southern Baptist treatment it thought best that the Church, and Mr. Earl Taylor, of the three national committees should co- Methodist Episcopal Church. operate ad hoc and that the Continua- 3. Formation of a Special Commit- tion Committee, by its chairman and tee on Missions and Governments. secretary, might help to organize this Twenty-five continental societies hid cooperation. It was decided that submitted a request to the Continua- the Continuation Committee itself tion Committee that an international would deal with exceptional cases committee dealing with questions on only. Such an exceptional case was missions and government should be before the Continuation Committee formed. In North America this pro· with regard to the 106 Korean Chris- posal had been heartily approved, and tians condemned by the Japanese the American Secretaries' Conference courts under charge of attempted meeting each January had dissolved high treason. The Korean and Japa- and discharged its special committee nese missionaries had opened up cor- on missions and government in the respondence with the Continuation expectation that the Continuation Committee and unhappily· this corre- Committee, either itself or by a spe- spondence had been published in the cial committee, would take up these newspapers of the Far East. In view delicate negotiations. In the course of the fact that the case is closed now of this discussion there was a unani- by the judgment passed in the Japa- mous conviction that negotiations be- nese courts, the Continuation Commit- tween missions and their own govern- tee resolved to address a letter to the ments should in each case be taken Japanese Ambassador at Washington.

in hand by the special committees of 4. Special Committees. As the those countries themselves. So the major part of the preparation of the American Committee on Reference Edinburgh Conference had been done and Counsel has given again and by the special committees laying their again valuable assistance in matters comprehensive reports before the con- pertaining to the foreign office at ference, so the Continuation Commit-'

Edinburgh; the German Ausschuss tee has thought it wise to appoint has in the same way proved an in- special cOllUlUttees to continue, in part dispensable help to the German mis- at least, the work of those eight com- sionary societies. Happily, it could missions and. to concentrate on the

difficult and complicated questions of a unanimous basis of statistical re- the missionary situation. Ten such special committees have been ap- search has been agreed upon. Any pointed, (a) on survey and occupa- tion; (b) on medical missions; ( c) comprehensive future statistics shall on the Moslem question; ( d) on . educational missions; (e) on train- comprize five chapters: (a) missions ing-schools for missionaries on the field; (f) on uniformity of statistics, of the Protestant churches in non- (g) on principles underlying the rela- tion of missions and governments; Christian countries; (b) missions of (h) on the church in the field; (i) on Christian literature; (k) on coopera- the Roman Catholic church in non- tion .and unity. Each committee brought in a report either of the Christian countries; (c) missions of work already done or taken in hand or proposed for the next year. The the Greek Orthodox church; (d) mis- discussion of these reports occupied the committee for a large part of its sions among the Jews; (f) work of time. It would be premature to give now a comprehensive report of all Christian churches in Latin America commissions. Any work planned and undertaken on international lines re- and the Philippines. quires a good deal of careful planning and preparation. For as the mission- 5. The German Ausschuss (Com- ary boards and societies have lived without touch and more or less iso- mittee of Reference and Counsel) lated for several generations, their conception and ideals have developed had laid before the Continuation Com- in different directions and some time is needed until in each particular field mittee a memorandum regarding the of research they understand each other's views and plans and results. next TVorld Missionary Conference, So in almost all commissions some time has passed before the work and three German cities, Hamburg, planned really got shape and a clear way of investigation opened up. Of Berlin, and Barmen, had reinforced special interest at Lake Mohonk, there were the resolutions passed upon the it by formal invitation. Hamburg proposals made by the special Com- mittee on Uniformity of Statistics. promising $25,000 to finance the con- It is well known that just in connec- tion with statistical principles there ference and hospitality for 2,000 dele- had been a wide divergence between the ideas of the American and the gates. On the other hand, Toronto, European statisticians. Happily, now in Canada, even before had ex- tended a hearty invitation to the next general missionary conference.

It is a surprizing fact that now, only two years after the Edinburgh Conference, such a general interest is awakened in looking forward to a possible future conference of equal size. Perhaps no other single fact proves so evidently the deep and lasting impression of the Edinburgh Conference and the high expectations roused by its proceedings. Yct, how- ever kind and welcome these mani- fold invitations were, the Continua- tion Committee felt that only the broad outlook on the missionary situ- ation throughout the world and the deep conviction that a further general missionary conference was indispen- sable in the interests of the Kingdom would be a sufficient basis for even undertaking the neceS~a,ry steps g( I •

EXPERTS IN

preparation for a future conference. ship of an international magazine is Tho there was a general conviction too heavy an additional burden for that some time there must be a fur- the general secretary of the commit- ther missionary conference of the tee, who is expected to deal with all Edinburgh type, the Continuation the general interests of its world.- Committee did not yet see clearly wide work and to be in close touch just of what character that confer- with all its ten special committees.

ence should be and when it should So the Continuation Committee unan- become a necessity. So, under hearty imously resolved that an associate sec- ::Ippreciation of the kind invitations, retary be appointed as soon as possi- the committee postponed its decision ble.

for later reconsideration. All the 7. General features of the Lake more the committee felt it to be in- Mohonk meeting. Perhaps even more dispensable that at not too late a important than all the special items date it should itself hold a further on the agenda of the Lake Mohonk meeting. Here, too, two German conference were some comments cities, Herrnhut, the cradle of Prot- which came out very prominently in estant missions and of the Moravian its discussions. The first was a Church, and Bethel, near Bielefeld, strong desire that the relations of the the center of the great philanthropic Continuation Committee to the mis- institutions of Pastor von BodeI- sionary boards and societies should schwingh, eagerly competed with Hol- be as close and cordial as possible. It land for the honor of inviting the is a new departure that the Edin- next meeting. In view of the fact, burgh Conference has created an in- however, that the meeting hardly can dependent international committee be convened before the end of Octo- with a broad outlook on the world- ber, 1913, at so late a season even the wide mission field and in the expecta- German delegates thought it wise tion that it shall exercise influence to go to a city with large hotel ac- on the development of the missionary comodation. So probably the next movement. The actions of such an meeting will be held at the Hague independent committee might well be or at some other city in the Nether- watched with some surprize by the lands. missioary boards. At Bishop Auck- 6. The report of the general office land, after a careful review of the of the committee at Edinburgh con- situation, the Continuation Committee tained many items of general in- had resolved to work on quietly and terest. The International Review of unostentatiously for some time so as Missions, started by the Continuation to convince the boards by actual facts Committee under the able editorship that it was wilIing and able to render of its secretary, Mr. J. H. Oldham, them useful service. Yet the experi- has found a wonderful response. Al- ence of a year has taught the com- ready about 4,000 subscribers could mittee that the missionary boards be reported. Evidently a large expect it to come forward from its scientific quarterly of this type is position of reserve and to join hands in general demand in the missionary with them. Of course, the Continua- world. Yet the work of the editor- tion Committee is only too glad to

do so if the missionary boards are to understand not only each other prepared to accept its cooperation. but the views of the churches which Happy and hopeful as has been this they represent, as never before. Thcy development, another experience is see that God has His work, His deof even greater value. In the Con- voted servants, His rich blessing in tinuation Committee there are repre- these churches just as well as in sentatives of the most divergent their own, and tho never losing sight churches, high Anglicans and Evan- of the differences which divide them gelicals, Presbyterians and Congrega- in the special character and the tionalists, Methodists .and Baptists, tradition of their own church, they Lutherans and Friends. And these feel that below these dividing lines representatives of the most diverse there is a d~eper foundation of types of evangelical Christianity work common faith, common love, and comtogether in harmony and a freedor!} mon hope. So from the happy exwhich would have been regarded as perience of possible and fruitful coimpossible five years ago. As leaders operation in the foreign field, even of all these churches for days sit 1:0- across the denominational boundary gether considering the same que~tions, lines, we come back to our deplorable discussing the same problems, puzzled home divisions with a new intense by the same difficulties, animated by feeling of this anomoly and with a the same enthusiasm, sustained by new hope that they will at last be united prayer and praise, they learn overcome.

CAUGHT IN HIS OWN TRAP* WENTY years ago a wasted. It was best to listen-and then change the subject. fTl young theological stu- dent was pastor of a One day an old "sea-dog" was tell- small village congrega- ing how, with his own eyes, he had tion on Cape Cod, in a seen the failure of Missions in the neighborhood saturated South Sea Islands. The young paswith infidelity and intensely anti- tor ventured to remark: "How did missionary. you happen to visit those islands, where the people were all savage can- Several retired skippers of the sail- nibals, so that no white man could ing ships that had made voyages safely set foot on their shores?" A ';around the Horn" and had come sheepish look came into those foxy back laden with whale-oil and spoils old eyes of the skipper, as he stamof the Orient were the oracles of the mered, "They-they were cannibals community. The young theologue until the missionaries went there and soon found that time spent in argu- civilized them up a bit." ment with them was worse than • From "The Evolution of New China," by William N~ Br~wster~ a missionar~ to the Cbin~e, br fublished Eaton & Mains! New York,

TIME IN TH'E: DAY

A SOCIAL SETTLEMENT .IN THE SLUMS OF OKAYAMA BY MISS KATE G. LAMSON, BOSTON Foreign Secretary of the Woman's· Board of Missions (Congregational) m. T o the followers of the 1896 a private house was rented in Nazarene opposition is the heart of the most destitute section only a call to effort, of the city. and so when, a little over twenty years ago, The condition of this district was described in a "History of the Relief — as a young missionary Vork in Japan," published two years of the American Board, Miss Alice ago by the Home Department of the Adams passed through the slums of Bureau of Local Affairs (Japanese), Okayama one May day, and heard the in which two pages were given to an jeers and taunts of the children at the account of this work. "Hanabatake is despised foreigner, a firm resolve a slum with 1,500 inhabitants, .in the awoke within her to do something for eastern suburb of Okayama. The the uplift of these people. uncleanliness and the irregularity of The first step was to gather the the habits of the people were former- children for a Sunday-school within ly beyond description, not to speak of the hospitably open door of a mission- their criminal deeds. It is no easy ary home. This effort revealed the task to ameliorate the lives of such importance of a steady, continuous people, who are callous to warning work every day in the week conducted and seem almost incapable of repent- in the midst of the people it was her ance and reform." In such sur- desire to reach. The second step, roundings a primary-school was therefore, followed naturally. In opened. Six years later, property'

was bought and in addition to the years. A free bath was conducted for primary-school, night-schools were the children of the neighborhood, and opened for boys and girls, the latter from 50 to 70 would enjoy the privi- being only for the teaching of sew- lege in the course of a single day.

ing. After several years the boys' That in some cases the bath was "per- night-school was finally closed, but sonally conducted," the accompanying ·illustration will show.

The latest addition to the many ac- tivities of this busy settlement is a day nursery. It is fascinating to see the happy faces of the little ones shel- tered and lovingly tended through the day, while their mothers are at work earning the small sums which, in many cases, must support the family.

The affection with which they evi- dently regard Miss Adams and their Japanese caretakers, their en- joyment of simple games and occupa- tions such as the older ones can participate in, give powerful testi- mony to the happy family life lived day by day in those two or three small rooms.

The day-school, which last May was numbering 79 pupils (more than half of them boys), is a conspicuous DATB TIME IN TilE liiSSION feature of the work. The parents of these children toil in factories, col- the primary- and sewing-schools con- lect garbage and serve in various ca- tinue with unabated vigor and in- pacities as day-laborers. Great pov- creased numbers. Day classes in sew- erty exists among them. Some of ing were organized for the girls and their so-called "homes" are not large manual training was introduced for enough for all the family to lie down the boys. at the same time upon the floor. The Soon the physical needs of the sick difficulty is overcome in a unique prest so heavily upon the heart of way, part of the family doing day- Miss Adams that in 1905 she opened work in the factories while part are a dispensary for their relief. This on night duty. On a holiday when small beginning soon proved inade- work stops and tired nature asserts quate and by much personal effort, itself, some of the family go to a in which Japanese friends were large- neighbor's, as floor space will not suf- ly enlisted, funds were secured for a fice for all to sleep. The children simple hospital building. In the dis- come to school at unseasonably early pensary over 3I,000 patients have hours as its open playground and been treated during the past seven atmosphere of freedom and good will

A SOCIAL SETTLEMENT IN THE SLUMS OF

make it a far more desirable place opportunity to minister, to pour one's than the makeshift home or the self out for those whose need is so street. The fun in the playground great, is the chain that binds to their sometimes grows noisy, but so long post Mr. Kodama, the assistant as it is good-natured it is not checked.. teacher, and the devoted staff of Jap- When the schoolroom is reached quiet anese helpers. The work done has and order reign. Nowhere else have been of a character to attract the atwe seen two classes being taught at tention of the Japanese people all once by the one teacher. The arith- over their own Empire and in Amermetic class was given a sum to do ica as well. It has blazed a trail while the reading class, on the other hitherto unexplored in Japan and the SLEEPING· TIME IN THE DAY N U RSERY side of the same room, tried to de- highest appreciation has been exprest cipher the Japanese script. When accompanied by Government grants the results of the figuring were ready and the gifts of many private individto be made known, the reading class uals. These gifts, coming largely wrote out the curious characters to be from non-Christian sources, are not sure that their composition was un- usually made applicable to the rederstood. ligious work, which is the heart and motive of all that is done at the The Hakuai Kwai, or "loving-all Hakuai Kwai, but are directed to the institution," as the settlement is now relief of physical suffering or to the called, offers no shining bait of silver betterment of social conditions. 0r gold to hold its workers in its Without the Christian foundation, service. Hardly a living wage can it however, none of these things would return for devotion unstinted and have come into being and the results Christlike. Only the richness of the

achieved would have been impossible ing of father, mother and two chil- to reach. This fact is not lost upon dren, came under the influence of the the observant Japanese. institution. The parents had never Their appreciation of personal been married. The father was a service and of praiseworthy under- gambler, and the family were in takings was shown over twelve years such abject poverty that their only ago by the formation of a society in possession was one towel, the com- Osaka with a membership in every mon property of all. The older part of Japan. The object of the so- girl, who was a pupil in the ciety is to seek out marked instances day-school at Hakuai Kwai, labored of individual or organized work for with her father to persuade him to social betterment and to make public give up his gambling, and in order to recognition of them. The men who keep him at home in the evening organized this society come from the made a practise of teaching him each higher classes, but it is very demo- night what she had learned through cratic in its operations. Last year 48 the day. At length both parents be- people received their recognition .and came Christians and could not be these. represented every class of so- satisfied until a proper marriage cere- ciety. One was a jinrikisha man, sev- lUony had been performed. The eral were boys who had done much daughter is now the wife of a Chris- for their families, others were clerks, tian man. . They live in two good business men and teachers, anq one rooms in a respectable neighborhood was Miss Alice Adams. The notice and are out of debt. The mother, that this honor was to be accorded who works in a factory, lives such·a came in great formality when .she re- faithful, consistent Oldstian life that ceived a summons to appear before she is indeed "an epistle, known and the Mayor in best attire to' receive the read . of all men" with whom she gift of the society. This gift was a comes in; contact. When any unwel- writing-box of shitan (a very hard, come task is to be performed at. the dark wood) with a silver plate on the factory it is often said, "Give.it to inside of the cover giving the name that old woman to do; she is a Olris- of the society and the date. At the tian; Olristians will do anything.'~ same time a memorial was presented, One of. the neighbors of the institu- bearing the seal of the society at the tion was a blind woman, a beggar, top and outlining the aims of the set- whose fatherless boy came to the day- tlement work, as well as what had school. . While under its influence he been. accomplished by it. The docu- became ashamed to beg and when he ment closed with expressions of high left school, just before graduating appreciation of Miss Adams's work. from the primary course, he went to The Mayor called special attention work in. a factory to support his to the fact that this was the action of mother. Later he became an earnest prominent and representative people, Christian and on leaving the factory not in any sense a local testimonial. took a position as janitor at the settle- The results of this work are seen ment. By studying half of the day in the redeemed lives and the charac- he was graduated from a bookkeep- ters transformed. One family, consist- ing. school . and after working five

A SOCIAL SETTLEMENT IN THE SLUMS OF OKAYAMA 9I I

years with one firm he has now gone Miss Adams' small errand boy and into business for himself. The old general factotum is worthy of honmother is a most earnest Christian orable mention. His father and and is often overheard praying aloud mother quarreled and ran away from ° when she supposes herself to be quite home leaving him, at the age of two alone. The gratitude she expresses at years, in the care of his grand parsuch times is extremely touching. ents. The grandfather had come IN THE DISPE N SARY OF THE MISSION Another family, the father of which from a good family but in his boywas a drunkard, were in great pov- hood had so fallen into sin as to beerty. Under the influence of the come disowned. He sank lower and settlement workers both of the parents lower until he became a resident of became Christians. All four children the slums. He is a gambler, and his have been in the school, but are now wife is a drunkard. Sotaro, who is able to aOttend other schools. The now ten years old and very small for oldest boy is preparing for Salvation his age, is an exceedingly bright boy Army work, while the second girl is with singular immunity from the vices studying to be a Bible woman. The of his elders. His manners are most family are now in comfortable cir- courtly. He bows to the floor in the cumstances, have moved away from doorway as he comes for orders in the slum district, and take care of one the morning. He blacks boots, runs of the chapels in the city. Every errands, goes on such responsible morning they have family prayers in business as the payment of bills, i~ which each one takes part. prompt, diligent and trustworthy in

everything. Not a moment is wasted. about and given full opportunity for For compensation he receives 25 cents investigation he was told of one case a month with which he goes at once after another of lives redeemed from to purchase stamps that he may put sin and of sterling character built up every cent into the postal savings from seeming ruin. He replied that bank to be used for his further the Imperial Government is aware education. of this outcome of distinctively Chris- tian work and knew that such results A representative of the Government are achieved only as a result of recently visited Hanabatake to inspect Christian work. the work of the institution in certain of its departments. As he was shown STRATEGIC POINTS IN MISSION WORK IN EGYPT N intellectual awakening inquiry is over the whole nation of Egypt. The opportunity is vast. I4AJ evident everywhere in Native Christians see it, and they " Egypt, not only in the are binding themselves into prayer . great centers, but also circles to pray and work for Moslems in towns and villages specially. throughout the whole country. Many Moslems say that if Again, there is the development of the Koran is a language of religion the native church. It is the effective it should have a practical meaning, means for the evangelization of intelligible to all. Others are dis- Egypt, tho the home church must tinguishing decisively between the bear the chief burden in finance and Koran and their traditions, denying leadership for some time. Native the latter the dominant place for- Christians must be taught their remerly assigned them. "Back to the sponsibility for their native land and Koran" is the cry heard in addresses, must learn to use their special knowlread in books and pamphlets and daily edge of native instincts and aspirapapers, and having become rather tions in the spread of the Gospel. universal in the ranks of Islam. Native workers must be trained and the spiritual forces in the native There is also a great evangelistic church must be vitalized and quickopportunity. The opposition of Islam ened. To that end American misat the present hour arises from the sionaries must be added to the presknowledge of the progress of Chris- ent staff, and leaders of Christian tianity and of the presence of a crisis thought and Bible study sent out which demands decisive moves. But for a short time each year. Thus, an the very opposition of Islam to the immediate aggressive movement, Gospel awakens inquiry among the worthy of the situation, may be masses, and more Moslems are at- started, and Egypt be taken for tending churches, are coming to the Christ. And if Egypt is thus conmission boats or to the missionary's quered, the intellectual and religious house, are reading his Book or books, center of Islam has been taken. than ever before. The movement of

NON-CHRISTIAN TEACHERS IN MISSION

BY REV. E. M. WHERRY, D.D., MUSOORI, INDIA, WOODSTOCK COLLEGE N India, perhaps, more tant cities on the frontiers, especially I. iJI than in any other in the Northwest, bordering on the country, ignorance has Sikh States and the Moslem lands been regarded as the of Central Asia, as yet closed against mother of devotion- the missionary of the Gospel, there – especially as necessary seemed to be no avenue of approach, to popular subservancy to the control except the school. The pioneer mis- of Brahmins and Mullahs. Hence, the sionary of the Presbyterian Church simple req~irements laid upon the in America, the late Dr. John C.

common people, so foreign to the Lowrie, began his work by opening teachings of the Vedas or the Koran. an English school for boys, which at Enough for the Hindu to maintain once gave him an audience and an the social cU!'toms and the service of avenue of access to the hearts of the the household duty. Enough for the parents and relations of his pupils.

Moslem if he read the Kalimah and The school soon became so popular perform the prostrations of the daily as to draw the sons of princes and namaz. To the· preacher of the Gos- noblemen who came to the classes pel, the village Moslem replies, say- riding on horses and carrying um- ing: "Sir, we are unlearned-mere brellas as a sign of their dignity!

animals. We know nothing about re- Thus began the mission schools for ligion except this, that Allah is One non-Christians, which later on were and Mohammed is the prophet of encouraged by the government, now Allah." The so-called learning of increased a hundred fold and culmi- Hindus and Moslems, aside from nating in the many colleges, of which Western education, is exceedingly 5 are Christian, all affiliated to the limited. So great is the obstacle University. of the Punjab, at Lahore.

raised against the Gospel by this al- A similar advance has been made in most universal ignorance, that all every province in India, with 5 uni- missionary pioneers in India began to versities and hundreds of high inaugurate a system of education as schools and colleges for both boys the most hopeful means of breaking and girls, in all of which Western down the barriers of prejudice and and Oriental studies are ·carried on.

of imparting to the minds of the From what has been said as to the children, as yet unblinded by the rise and progress of Vestern educa- darkness of superstition, some of tion in India, it will be seen that even the teachings of Him. who is the in mission schools the teaching staff Light of the World. must have been for the most part • A mighty impetus was given to non-Christia.. For many years there this work by the late Dr. Duff, who were very few converts and these for was the pioneer in the effort to make the most part were, by reason of their the English language the medium want of knowledge, unfitted to be- of all higher education in India. come teachers. At most, it was This movement was so successful as possible to secure a head master and to create a new era in the work of . a Bible teachei'. The missionary was education in India. In the more dis- often unable to do more than conduct

a daily religious service in the school. tably the Brahmo Sarnaj, the Prar- On Sundays the scholars were usually thua Samaj, and even the Arya able to hear a Gospel lesson or to Samaj-all of which have abjured attend a church service. The years idolatry, worship God and in the case went by. Occasionally a young man of some, reverence Jesus Christ as came out and boldly declared him- the greatest of prophets and teachself a convert. Many more in his ers. Go into their houses of worship classes were almost persuaded, but and you will at once feel that this few had courage to face persecution. is not heathen India, and a hope will Many a school was seriously injured at once arise in your heart that the by the general withdrawal of the stu- Spirit of God may yet lead these out dents by their parents. But usually into His full light. the teachers were stedfast and continued to perform their duty and were Weare now ready to ask whether loyal to their missionary teachers, this work of education is worth while. many of them secretly sympathizing Have mission schools and colleges with the converts. The converts been a failure? I believe every man usually became teachers or preachers acquainted with the work now being and many of them still living have done in these schools, many of them been eminent leaders in the mission practically self-supporting, will apwork. But the rapid extension of the prove of the mission school for nonmissionary educational work was so Christian, altho it may be necessary great, that the number of native to employ many teachers as yet num- Christians fitted for the work was in- bered among non-Christians. sufficient to be more than a leaven among the non-Christian masters. It goes without saying that the ideal school for non-Christians is a school The influence of these mission with a Christian staff. There are schools for non-Christians in India some such schools. Forman Christian has been such as to practically revo- College in Lahore is a notable exlutionize the moral and religious ample, where all the professors, exsentiment of the people. Many in- cept two, are Christians. These two fluential persons have been brought are teachers of Arabic and Sanscrit, into the churches and the churches and owe their places in the college have so far advanced as to desire to because no Christians have yet been carryon a propaganda of their own. found to take their places. The ideal This movement began with the of a Christian school with Christian "Home Missions" and "Church Coun- masters for non-Christians is ever besels" and similar organizations in all fore the missions in India, but the parts of India. Then followed the realization ot this ideal is by no National Missionary Society, a move- means easy. ment of very great promise. A few men, under the pressure of But other movements in India, the Home Board, have tried to force which are accomplishing much for the the realization of their ideal, with advance of knowledge and righteous- the result that by offering large salness in India, are the outcome of aries to Christian teachers they have Christian educational influences, no- drawn Christian men away from other mission schools, thus weaken-

ing the sister institutions and at mass has to be educated and it is the same time making Christian men difficult to raise to any high degree so overrate their importance as to of culture. It can not for generations make it hard to retain their services. do much-to influence the higher The truth is there are not enough classes of Hindus and Moslems in men qualified for the work to fill our high schools and colleges. How vacancies, if the non-Christian is to soon could America man its Eastern be removed, and it sometimes happens schools and colleges with professors that the Christian man has less in- and teachers drawn from the colored fluence for the building of Christian schools in South Carolina! These character than the non-Christian low-caste Christians will be raised up teacher whose place he fills. to such place in time, but we must not be expected to replace non- This is a sad fact, but it could Christian teachers in our non-Chris- easily be duplicated in Christian tian high schools in India from those schools and colleges in America or now being educated in the low-caste England. What is needed is patience villages of the Punjab. and perseverance, which will grad- ually, but inevitably, secure a purely God is deeply impressing the high- Christian staff for every school. caste people of India by the liberal teaching of mission schools and by There is a fact which our secre- bur success in educating men of the taries· and mission council must not lowest classes. They are not blind – be allowed to forget. This fact is to the influence abroad in India, and that the great mass of Christians are now striving to retain their in- baptized in recent years have been fluence over the pariah by under- gathered from among the low caste taking to educate him! Let us go on or pariah classes. in India, who are with our schools for all classes and almost entirely illiterate. This rapid believe that the light of the Gospel ingathering has raised the number of will enlighten all dark places until Protestant Christians up to about one India's millions shall rejoice in the million. But this great increase has Light which lighteneth every man. been made within two decades. This A PLEA FOR WOMAN'S EDUCATION IN INDIA I N the speech of the Begum of has done much more harm to men Bhopal before the All-India Mo- than to women. The Begum urged hammedan Educational Conference at careful attention to the preparation of Delhi was an earnest plea for greater courses of study and the training and facilities for the education of Moham- supply of lady teachers; and also admedan girls. The Begum struck a vised the translation into Udu of suittrue note when she said that the his- able books on domestic occupations, tory of the Mohammedan community, such as the training of children, hyas well as daily experience, fully prove giene and technical education. The that it is the neglect and want of due Begum. has embodied her thoughts in attention of men which are responsible .a pamphlet which is being widely disfor the ignorance of women, and this tributed.-Bombay Guardian.

A. SHARP: MISSIONARY TO THE

I1Y MARY E. GEORGE, MONROVIA, LIBERIA HY do the people crowd does not know when she became pos- sest of a desire to wbrk in a misfWl around the doors and sion field; the spirit of missions may windows and push so?" have been born in her. It became ac- asked a stranger visit- centuated in her hospital work, and at ing Krutown, who saw the close of the war she determined to the congregation in an give her life to the uplift of the over-crowded church. black race. She went from the hos- pital to teach in the Freedman's "Krumen hungry for God," was Schools on the Sea Islands off the answer. Charleston, South Carolina. While at work there, she saw Bishop Haven's This was the church founded and call for workers for the African conducted by Miss Mary Sharp. Al- field, and she was moved by the spirit tho seventy-five years of age, she is to turn her face to Liberia. a remarkable example of both physical and mental vigor and activity. Her She went out to Africa under the people not only call her "Mammy;" Missionary Society of the Methodist but they look up to her for advice Episcopal Church, but was transand guidance as children do to a ferred soon after her arrival to the natural mother. She has seen a gen- Women's Society and began her work eration of these simple-hearted, as preceptress in the seminary. This kindly black folks grow up, and they has since been replaced by the College reverence the guay-haired teacher, of West Africa. The pupils in the who has helped to satisfy their "God- seminary were children of the Amerihunger." can negroes who had emigrated from the United States, and the descend- At the close of a church service ants of those who had come in earat which Miss Sharp told her people lier days. While Miss Sharp entered that she would try to get them a new actively upon her work, her heart and larger church, a great crowd of went out to the aborigines of the Kru people surrounded her, some country, and her first experiences putting their arms around her, and were among the Kru people, who all shouting: "Thank you, plenty; have a town on the beach of the you do fine for Krumen, heah ?" City of Monrovia. The building in which they now meet holds about five hundred persons, The Krus are the longshoremen of and it is an ordinary sight to see the coast. They load and unload all crowds outside around the windows vessels and carryall passengers from and doors eager to enter. the shore to the ships, which anchor quite a distance off as there are no Miss Sharp was born in Mont- piers here, and bring all passengers pelier, Vermont, October II, 1835 ; ashore. In the rainy season the water was educated at the State. Normal on the sand-bars is very rough, and School at Mansfield, Pennsylvania; the crossing is sometimes very dantaught several years in Pennsylvania gerous. The life of the passenger is and in the upper part of New York literally in the hands of the Kru boys State; went in r862 into the hospital service as nurse, and served throughout the war of the rebellion. She who man the rowboats. No foreigner hands and say, "Be quiet." She could ride these choppy seas as a Kru would say, pointing to benches, "Sit steersman can ride them. The Mon- down;" and they, pointing to the rovia Bar was unusually bad on the same benches, would repeat, "Sit day when Miss Sharp landed, and down," in the same tone of command. on the way from the steamer to the beach she saw anxiety in the Kru Within a very short time after her sailors' faces as dangerous billows arrival, Miss Sharp went to Krutown bore down upon their boat. One in company with Mrs. Jane R. Robvery heavy sea broke over the boat, erts, the aged widow of President nearly swamping it. Excited excla- J. J. Roberts, the first president of mations were uttered by the crew, but Liberia. There she made arrangenot knowing her danger, Miss Sharp ments with some Krumen to build smiled and brushed the water out of her a thatched meeting house, and her eyes and hair. She immediately agreed to pay them ten dollars in became the center of admiring com- cash. The house was built and the ment, and later in her life she found cash was paid, and this formed anthat her coolness in crossing the bar other link in the chain uniting teacher had won the Krumen's hearts, and and followers closely together. There that they called her "Mammy no fear was a great complaint at this time water." that the employers of native labor did not act squarely, but too generally A few days after her arrival, Miss cheated the laborers, either by giving Sharp was visiting Krutown on the them goods after promising them Monrovia beach, and saw some Kru- cash, or by withholding their wages. men who were cleaning a gun. They When Miss Sharp bargained for the asked her through an interpreter if meeting house and pr~mised cash, she could "make gun talk." She the Krus were skeptical; but when said, "Yes," and, knowing that it they received cash, they said, "This was unloaded, she took it up, put it be God mammy." to her shoulder and pulled the triggers one after another. From that Little, if any, encouragement was moment all Krutown was in love given Miss Sharp in her determinawith the "Mammy no fear water, no tion to give herself exclusively to fear gun." work among the Krus. The opinion at the time was general that the Next Miss Sharp invited the Kru Krus could not be civilized, much less people to come up to the seminary Christianized. The surface indicaafter her school hours. They came, tions were not encouraging, but the first in small numbers and then in hope of any people lies in the uplift constantly increasing crowds. So of the girls. Miss Sharp found that she began nusslOnary work and at her approach mothers would gather found her pupils were very amus- up their girls and run to their huts. ing. They were wild and they No Kru girl, thirty years ago, was would rush in with noise and clamor allowed to go outside of her tribe, like a mob. She would clap her or even to a foreign school conducted hands and say, "Be quiet," and to inside the tribal limits. It was dif~ her amusement, they would clap their ferent with the boys for they followed her in large numbers in her ago, nakedness was the rule; no early visits to Krutown. With a clothing was worn by the children, twinkle in her eye she tells of how and men and women were clad she was once greeted with an offer on with only a cloth girdle about the part of a boy to tell the names their loins. But early in Miss of his playmates. She encouraged Sharp's work the Kru people them- him, and was greatly amused to hear selves voluntarily "passed a law"

such naines as these: "Two pound that no one should come to ten;" "Jack after Supper;" "Bottle church without being drest. Now of Beer;" "Flying Jib;" "Top Sail." one sees men, women and children Since these early days, a great dressed in suitable tropical attire, change has come over Krutown. looking neat, attractive and happy.

Miss Sharp has trained scores of No one would doubt their happiness girls, sending out some as teachers, if he could hear these Kru wor- who are doing excellent work. Her shippers sing the songs of Zion in boys have become teachers, preachers, their own language. It would stir government officials, merchants, and the most phlegmatic temperament and one is a leading physician. She has send a glow of radiance and glory also aided several boys to go to through the coldest heart. And it is schools in the United States. The not all emotion. Thirty years ago, Kru mothers now freely give her Sunday was a day of revelry and their girls for training, being glad disorder; to-day it is like a New to have Miss Sharp teach them England or a Western village.

"book," "sew," "cook" and "God Thirty years ago, it was not an un- palaver." usual sight to see women disrobe and About ten years after building her fight in nakedr.ess in the street.

ten dollar church, Miss Sharp was Thirty years ago, no Christian church compelled to build a larger one to or school existed in Krutown. Miss accommodate her increasing follow- Sharp led the way and now there are ers; and twenty years ago she was four churches and four schools.

compelled to build again, as they Thirty years ago the darkness of re- needed more room. The present pulsive heathenism prevailed; to-day church, which is also used for a there are over a thousand professing schoolroom, is a tin structure and is Christians among the Kru population entirely too small for present pur- of this one town.

poses. It is usually packed with Ask this battIe-scarred veteran people like sardines in a box, and is what is the great desire of her heart showing signs of age, and of the for these people, to whom she has effect of nearly a generation of consecrated her life, and she would climatic wear and tear. answer: "Before I am gathered to A service in this church, especially my fathers, I want to see a large when Miss Sharp is present (and substantial church building with she usually is, unless prevented from school rooms annexed erected for my attending on some unusually stormy people. Then I will say like Simeon Sabbath in the rainy season) is up- of old, 'Lord, now lettest thou thy lifting and inspiring. Thirty years servant depart in peace.'''

POWER OF THE GOSPEL IN

BY WILLIAM COOPER, FORMERLY OF SH ANGHAI ISI· OME years ago a mis· smoking, gambling, and sin of every sionary, when itinerat- kind. At first he met with much ing, visited a large opposition and ridicule from his old town in the northern companions, but by patiently bearing part of the province of all, and by the consistent testimony Kiang-su. His preach- of his changed life, one after aning on the streets attracted large other became convinced of the reality crowds, and many Christian books of his conversion, and desired to foland Gospels were sold. Among those low him as he followed Christ. who heard his message was a man named Ch'en, who, in addition to After six months spent with them, following him about from place to during which time he had nightly place during the day, went each eve- meetings for the reading and exposining to the inn in which the mission- tion of the Scriptures, and some reary stayed to inquire more particu- markable answers to prayer, six or larly into the truth of the Gospel. seven families having put away their idols and turner! to the Lord, he After three days the missionary proposed that they should invite a and his native helper moved on to missionary to visit them in order that other cities, but the good seed had they might be further instructed in fallen into prepared ground, and Mr. God's word and admitted to church- Ch'en continued to study the New fellowship. These young converts Testament which he had bought. Be- had never seen a foreign missionary, fore long, he became convinced that but gladly gave him money to defray this Book contained just what he his traveling expenses to Gank-ing, needed, and what he had for years the nearest mission station, in order been vainly seeking for in the false that he might seek pastoral help for systems of Confucianism, Buddhism them. For such help he was obliged and Taoism. In order to get further to make a journey of 235 miles, instruction, he gave up his position through a country where no railways as a subordinate officer in the army exist, and over the roughest of roads. and went to Yangcheo, the nearest I shall nev~r forget the thrill of mISSIOn station, 100 miles away. joy that filled our hearts on the Sun- There he attended the services in our day morning when, after a week of chapel for some time and began to hard travel, he arrived at that statestify for Christ, but his heart be- tion and told us the good news of came so filled with the joy of the how God had used him in opening up Lord, that, without any suggestion the work in a district we had, up to from us, he felt constrained to go off that time, been unable to visit. After into the adjoining province of An- keeping him waiting for some time, huei to seek his old friends and rela- my colleague was able to return with tives and tell them of the wonderful him, and after spending some weeks Savior Who had saved him. in teaching these young converts, he had the joy of baptizing this God- On arriving at the village where sent evangelist and ten others, as the he had lived in former years, he cre- first-fruits to Christ in that region. ated a sensation by boldly preaching Six months later, 22 others were rethe Gospel of salvation from opium

ceived, and the work has since spread praying for him, and believing that to several other villages. Mr. Ch'en, when he knows what the Gospel really after spending some years evangeliz- is, he will believe it, too. But what ing in another part of the province, about yourself? This good news is returned to that district again, and for you as much as for us." They is still faithfully witnessing for his talked and prayed with this man- Master. Not a few of the converts, who was a member of the landlord's brought in through his labors in the family-day by day, and in less than early days, have passed away to be a week he became converted and then with Christ. joined earnestly with tht: other Chris- The converts were nearly all hard- tians in praying that his master might working tenant farmers, and they met be turned from his evil ways and pur- with great opposition and persecu- pose, and that he misht become a new tion from the owner of the land on man in Christ Jesus.

which they resided. This man, Ts'ii At the end of three weeks Mr. Ts'u Rih-sin, was a very proud Confucian- arrived, and was met outside the vil- ist. He was a literary graduate and lage by his own messenger, of whom was preparing for the kigher exami- he inquired the result of his threaten- nations with a view to becoming a ing message. On being informed that mandarin. none of them had recanted, he was On hearing that his tenants had very angry, and curst them most bit- accepted the doctrines of Jesus terly, vowing that he would make preached by the much-hated foreign- short work of their faith. The mes- er, he was very indignant. He sent senger advised him to wait until he threatening messages to them, order- had heard the Gospel for himself, as ing them to at once give up this new he might then change his mind, add- religion and return to the faith of ing that what the Christians believed their forefathers, but all to no avail. was the truth, and worthy of accepta- He lived several days' journey away tion by all. This made him still more from the district, but used to go angry, and he retorted: "What, have there every year to gather in the you also swallowed the Foreign rents of his farms. When the time Devil's pill?" referring to a very com- came for him to pay his usual round mon belief among the Chinese that of visits, he sent a messenger on be- missionaries carry a supply of magic fore to warn them that if, during the pills, and when they can induce any next three weeks, they did not all re- one to swallow them, they imme- cant, he would come and take the diately become bewitched and believe.

land from them, and drive them from The messenger quietly answered: the place, as he would never tolerate "N0, I have had no medicine, nor the presence of a Christian on his have I ever seen a foreigner, but I land. The messenger went and de- have heard the Gospel, and I believe livered his master's message, but the it, and when you hear it, you will be- Christians said: "Oh, he does not lieve it, too." Such was the simple know what he is talking about. We faith of these early Christians that can net','" give up the Gospel which they dared to believe that prayer of- has done so much for us, and we are fered in the name of Jesus would

POWER OF THE GOSPEL IN CHINA

receive a speedy answer, even tho the scholar and said, "It is all very well, opposition was very great. great teacher, to talk to us in this way. Confucius was a good man, but The Confucianist went on to the where's the power to practise what village in a very bad temper, but was he teaches? If he could rise from received kindly by his tenants. After the dead to-day, I firmly believe he the evening meal, he thought it his would accept the doctrines of the duty to instruct these poor, ignorant New Testament and become a Chrispeople, whom he firmly believed had tian. But altho Confucius can teach been deluded, so he began to tell you many things, he can not save them what Confucius taught, and you. This Jesus, Whom we preach quoted the classics at great length, and in Whom we believe, died on the urging them to at once renounce all Cross for our sins, He rose again false doctrines, and to return tc the from the dead for our justification, worship of their ancestral tablets. and He lives at God's right hand to But the man in whose house he was save us, and He does save us now staying was able to meet all his argu- from our sins. You know what a ments. This man, Mr. Wang, had bad man I was, how I used to gamble, been a scholar in his younger days, drink wine and smoke opium, but and had studied the classics, but now that I have been saved I have during the T'ai-p'ing rebellion he was no desire for those things I formerly carried away as a prisoner and com- loved. This is through the grace of pelled to serve as a soldier for sev- God, won't you accept it?" eral years. After that he took to farming, and having a good deal of He went on talking thus till after leisure during the winter months, he midnight, and the schoIar went away used to spend much time in gambling, to his bed feeling very unhappy, for and became very profligate. He was he had utterly faiIed to convince the the first man in the village to be- Christians of their delusion, and they lieve the Gospel, and at the time of seemed to have somethjng whjch not his conversion he was almost blind. only made them very happy, but The sight of one eye was entirely which had evidently wrought a great gone, and_ that of the other was change in their lives. rapidly failing, but he prayed, "Oh, God, spare the sight of this eye so After a few days, during which he that I may read Thy Book. I do applied every argument and threat he want to know what it teaches." could to induce them to recant, but all to no purpose, as they were quite God answered that prayer, and prepared, if necessary, to sacrifice spared the partial sight of one eye, their farms, but not to part with which was used to such purpose that their priceless treasure; the Spirit of in two years this man had so mas- God wrought mightily on the heart tered the contents of the New Testa- of that proud man, and humbled him ment that he could turn up passages to the very dust before God. on almost any subject in it, and could expound them to the profit and It was the Lord's Day, and at that edification of those who heard him. time the Christians had no place to meet in except the house of Mr. This good man talked to the proud Wang, where the landlord was stay-

ing. They had earnest, believing with joyful hearts, praying with him prayer that no disturbance might be and reading passages from God's made by him, and to their joyous sur- word to him. All the afternoon and prize, he sat quietly through the serv- evening was spent in this way, and ice, the first thing of the kind he the scholar entered into joy and peace had ever seen. He saw and heard in believing. one of these poor, despised men that plowed his fields conduct that service, What a change it brought into his and expound the word of God, and life! His pride was entirely banat the close, he said, "I can not ished, and he became as simple as a understand this, you are an ignorant child, willing to learn from any of man compared with me, how is it the Christians, and instead of cursing that you can talk like that about that the much-hated foreigner, he gladly Book?" "Oh," said he, "it is not I, welcomed him and showed his love but the Holy Spirit, it is all owing in many practical ways. I have travto the grace of God." He took up eled with him for weeks together, the New Testament and read it for eating at the same table, and sleepsome time, and then read the opening ing in the same bed with him, and chapters of Bunyan's "Pilgrim's have watched his subsequent life with Progress," in which he says he saw the deepest interest, and can truly himself portrayed as faithfully as if testify to his sincerity. He iE' inhis life had been photographed. He stant in season, out of season, and was the man with the burden of sin, always has a message-the story of living in the City of Destruction and Christ's love-to tell everyone, rich needing to flee from the wrath to or poor, and the Lord has used him come; and as he read, the tears in leading quite a number of his relastreamed down his face. This proud tives and friends to a saving knowl- Confucianist bowed down before Mr. edge of the truth. Wang and said, "I have been a student of the Confucian classics for He was baptized along with 21 33 years, but I can see that all my others, in the very place where he learning is small (of no account), had vowed to stamp out the Jesus and yours is the great (of su- doctrine, and shortly afterward gave preme importance) learning; will you a piece of land on which to erect a teach me?" chapel, and a substantial donation toward the expense of building it. The Christians loved him very Afterward he gave some more land: much in spite of his previous opposi- the proceeds of which were used for tion, and they gathered around him the general expenses of the work in that place.

VILLAGE IN NORTHWESTERN

BY SAINT NIHAH SINGH m.1-· . SA NAGRI-literally reached the high mark of 350 to 400 Christ's City-situated souls per square mile, and shifted in what fifteen years to the land of hope and promise. All ago was an uninhabited that the would-be colonists had to desert, but which to- pay was their traveling expenses and day, thanks to the Che- a nominal charge of a little over fifty nab Irrigation Canal, has become an cents per acre levied by the Irriga- important world granary, exclusively tion Department for constructing owned by Hindu converts, graphically watercourses, fixing boundaries and tells the tale of what Christianity is surveying fields. In the case of the doing for the uplift of the mentally, very poor settlers, the mission paid physically, and socially submerged even these items. Thus, many native natives of India. Out of the 500 converts flocked into the colony and people who inhabit the village, less settled in the new villages that sprang than two dozen are nonchristians, up with magic speed in the wake of these being three carpenters, one the water brought to the wilderness.

Sikh, two Mohammedans, and three A half-dozen towns in the colony shopkeepers, all of them Hindu Banias are wholly populated and owned by and their relatives, none 'of them Christians.

possessing any agrarian rights in the By nature the native of India is town. Most of the Christian resi- gregarious. Unlike the Western dents either have been raised from farmer, he does not build his house low castes, or are descendants of right on the farm, but a number of pariahs who had flocked to Christ's agriculturists, with a full complement standard. A person can not visit of carpenters, shoemakers, shop- these erstwhile deprest people with- keepers, and hangers-on, all live in a out being imprest with the fact that village adjoining their land. Isa Christianity has injected a new man- Nagri, like all the other villages in hood into their veins, changed their the Ba-r, has been settled upon this ways of life and habits of thought, plan.

brightened their outlook, and brought In order to appreciate "Christ- them a peace and' prosperity unknown town" one must remember that the to their forefathers. . converts residing in it have been re- When the Chenab Colony was cruited from the lowest castes. Most thrown open for settlement, far- of them were churahs, whom the sighted missionaries working in the Hindu social economy everlastingly Punjab seized the opportunity of emi- condemns to do the work of scaven- grating some of their poor, low-caste gers, and whose very touch is con- converts to the Bar-literally desert sidered defiling. Indeed, in some -as the tract was called, where vir- parts of Hindustan, their mere shadow gin soil was being given away for falling on a Brahman, pollutes him.

almost nothing. Consequently, hun- The "untouchables," as the result of dreds of Christian families were taken this ban, live in filth, ignorance and from the congested Punjab districts, poverty, leading an existence whose where the population oftentimes wretchedness it is hard to exaggerate.

The missionaries have succeeded in write, and in external appearance rescuing hundreds of thousands of they look very much the same as do these unfortunate men and women the other farmers in the surrounding from their pitiable plight, and have districts, yet, when you meet them, put them in the way of leading a you can not help but remark that more pleasant, more profitable life. they possess more than the average Just what has been accomplished in intelligence. They take an interest this direction is visualized in Isa in newspapers, which are brought into Nagri. There the ex-churahs have the village and are read by those who changed their old, hereditary profes- are literate. The schoolmaster, a sion for farming, and now employ shrewd, bespectacled young man with others to do kamin-menial work-in clean-cut features, retails the news to their village. Only twenty-four of those who are unable to decipher print the converts own land, the others for themselves. All of the houses working as tenants and laborers. The are built of mud, but in most of them land-owners possess only the occu- you find at least one chair or wooden pancy rights to their tracts, these stool. In some of the residences rights descending to their heirs. The books are also to be found. In the government is the real proprietor of room that serves as joint study and the land, merely leasing it out. Each bedroom to the schoolmaster, I saw of the farm owners possesses one' not only a well-stocked shelf of re- square, about 27.77 acres, with the ligious, moral and philosophical litera- exception of the Sarbarah Lambar- ture in English and Hindustani, but dar, the acting head-man of the vil- also a timepiece. The walls of nearly lage, and another person, each of all the houses are decorated with whom have one and one-half squares. prints and photographs, instead of The cultivators raise wheat, corn, being utterly bare, as they are in cotton, and toria (an oil seed), and the average Indian village home. In- despite the primitive implements they deed, I was amazed to note the in- employ, the converts, who, not many terest that these people take in pho- years ago knew nothing but the tography-almost everyone of them simplest scavengering, to-day have possessing one or more pictures of become successful farmers. Each acre themselves and friends, or of their of land they cultivate yields about residence-an unusual thing in India, twenty-one and one-third bushels of at least among people of their class.

wheat, or twenty-five bushels of corn, The villagers manage to keep Isa a square bringing them a profit of N agri in a fairly good sanitary con- about $133, clear of all expenses, and dition.

the grain and corn necessary to sup- What imprest me most was the port the farmer and his family and fact that these men, as a rule abso- cattle. This is poor, according to lutely illiterate, and everyone of American standards, but it is con- them bearing on his mentality the sidered extremely satisfactory in In- mark of centuries of repression and dia. . the brand of social ignominy, have Only a few of these erstwhile low- succeeded in evolving a model church caste Hindus are able to read and government in the town founded a

little over ten years ago. The head- to which the congregation belongs, has promised generous aid. man of Isa Nagri is Jaswant Singh- It appears to be the custom among the pastor-who, with his white, pa- the people of Isa Nagri to pay onetriarchal beard, bright eyes beaming with intelligence, ready wit and fluent tenth of their annual income toward talk, makes a capable leader. He lives the maintenance of the church and with his wife in a little bungalow its workers. Many pay in kind. When I visited the chapel, a heap of containing two rooms and a veranda, cotton, in its raw state, was lying in built of mud, and quite neatly kept. a mound in one corner of the pul- He is paid $13.33 a month, and has pit, the offering of a reverent soul. an assistant, who also is head master of the boys' school and postmaster of The pastor is quite keen on keep.. the village, a married man, earning ing his marriage and baptismal regisfrom all his jobs combined, $10 a ters with scrupulous neatness and month. A preacher, Munshi Allah care. No less than thirty-three mar- Datta, at a salary of $3.33 per month, riages were solemnized during nine spends most of his time on the road months, last year, while 300 people carrying the light to people in the were baptized. The village has only neighborhood, preaching to them in 500 inhabitants, fully 300 of whom Urdu and Punjabi. There are many are children, and so most of the mar- Christians in near-by villages, Isa Na- riages and baptisms were of people who came to Isa Nagri from the outgri forming the headquarters of the side. The registers were especially propaganda. Everyone of the five interesting, inasmuch as they were church-wardens, induding a treasurer frequently signed by means of thumb and secretary, is an honorary worker impressions by the Indian men and and elected to the office he holds. women, who were unable to write The villagers hold themselves respon- their names. sible for the salaries of the church workers. The chapel is a mud build- Besides supporting the church, the ing, far from prepossessing from the Isa Nagri people maintain two outside, but with a bright and airy schools, one for boys and the other interior. Its walls are suitably deco- for girls-fifty of the former and rated. No benches or chairs are pro- thirty-three of the latter attending vided, the worshipers squatting, cross- these institutions. The Government legged, on the floor, in native fashion. pays a subsidy toward the mainte- These farmers sitting on the carpet, nance of the two academies, which many of them drest in a tahmat- are highly spoken of by the official a long, loose sheet wrapt about the inspectors of schools, but the a.id thus legs-with their heads uncovered, given is very small and leaves the their turbans lying beside them, form vilIage elders to do considerable hard a picturesque congregation. The vil- work in order to meet all expenses. lagers now are bending all their en- There are five classes in each. school. ergies 'to collect funds from among Elementary English is taught to both themselves and converts in the neigh- sexes. Two male teachers are emborhood, to put up a brick chapel, ployed in the boys' school, and a and the' Church Missionary Society, mistress and needlewoman in the

girls' academy. The children look above the other, on their heads, they happy and intelligent. This is par- present a picturesque appearance. At ticularly true of the girls, who ap- each extremity of the town there are peared full of vivacity. Their mis- two tanks for watering the cattle. tress, Miss Utami Boota Singh, a Each house in the village is built in comely miss of nineteen or twenty, the center of a plot of land fifty-five drest in the style generally adopted feet square, tho in one or two inby the Indian Christians-a skirt, stances these dimensions are doubled. blouse and white muslin veil wrapt The compound is surrounded by a about the head but not covering the mud wall four or five feet high, along face-believes in coupling play with one side of which runs the open brain work, and the lassies, therefore, range, where the cattle are kept duare sprightly and active. They went ring the hours they are idle. through a song exercise for my benefit, in which the girls described, with The people of Isa Nagri are simplewords and gestures, all the processes minded. Their ideas of religion are to which the grain is subjected, from far from complex, tho some of them the time it is planted until it is possess marvelous memories, and eaten in the form of bread. Many without making a mistake repeat reof the children have Western Chris- ligious dogmas, word for word, so tian names, and Jacks and Jills, glibly as to give one the impression Willies and Katies, are about as that they are the authors of the common among them as if they had statements they are making. After been born in America. Strange to questioning many of them, I feel consay, altho the little ones have been vinced that most of the converts in given foreign names, their fathers Isa Nagri really believe in what they stick to their old cognomens. Only profess. Indeed, their faith is so two of them have adopted names Ii la deep and abiding that often the pas- Occidental. These are J. Marshall, tor is called in to the houses to adwho speaks English rather fiuently, minister baptism to sickly, new-born babies, lest they may die before being and J. Samuel, an old, white-bearded admitted into the Kingdom of God.

patriarch, both church-wardens. The effect of Christianity has been The village itself is much like other to wipe out many of the old-time prejudices, and you find no caste and towns in the Bar. In its center is no purdah (seclusion of women) obthe communal well, at which a group served in the little village. This is of women, one or two drest in the the effect produced by Christianity Indian Christian, the others in the wherever it gains a foothold in Inregulation Punjabi costume-the pa- dia, and if the teachings of Christ jama trousers, a shirt, and a daupata, served no other purpose than to thus a veil carelessly thrown over the break down the barriers of prejudicial head, leaving the face uncovered- customs, the work of the missionaries may be seen chatting and laughing in Hindustan, as a movement calcuas they draw the water and fill their lated to uplift the nation, would be vessels. As they carry the earthen well worth while. pots, two or three balanced, one

SCENES IN CHINA *

BY REV. J. GOFORTH, HONAN, CHINA Missionary of the Canadian Presbyterian Mission IMPRESSIVE BACK.SUDING, CONFESSION, RESTORATION AND CONSECRATION EA) -""'~ rJ SERIES 0 f special prayer after the forenoon address. . Addressing the Heavenly Father, he ~ meetings was recently said; "If we do not imitate Christ in held at Liuchang, an our homes, we can not save our own families. If we do not save our own out-station in myoId families, we can not save our rela- tions; if we do not save our rela- mission field in the tions, we can not save our neighbors; and jf we do not love our neighbors Changte prefecture. enough to save them, we can not save our country." Then thanking God for – Almost six years had the gift of His son, he said: "My heart was full of evil thoughts, and passed since we had seen these Chris- all my study of the classics could not dislodge them; but Jesus did. My tians. Their welcome was extremely lips were full of filthy words, and Confucius could not dea'nse them; but hearty. They are our children in the Jesus did. My life was full of deeds of shame, and all the precepts of the faith, tho, as the sequel will show, sages could not stop me; but the Lord my Savior did." they had wandered far. Monday, the refining went on. The On the first evening after an ad- elder and two of the deacons were sore troubled. One of the oldest condress on "The love of Christ constrain- verts, awfully broken, confest to opium-selling, drinking, and gambling. eth us," deep feeling was exprest in He further said: "My son will not obey me; but what wonder, when I the prayers, and confession of failure, will not obey Thee. I lost all testi- mony for Christ as soon as I sinned." caused us to rejoice that the blest The first man interested in this re- Spirit was present at this first meet- gion, but always unsatisfactory as a Christian, a man with some scholaring in convicting power. ship .and considerable ability, was bad- ly cut up on Monday, tho he said It was a joy to meet in this little nothing. At night, in his home, he acted like a madman, slapping his own church on the Sabbath, and find it face and calling himself the worst of names. packed forenoon and afternoon. It On Tuesday, during one of the adwas their own church, built by them- dresses, the Lord seemed to search hearts as with a lighted candle, and selves, without foreign aid. After the the people seemed awed in His pres- ence. morning address on Acts 7 :8, the first A Call Heard and Accepted to pray broke down and wept because Even before I started to speak on he had not witnessed Christ's witness vVednesday the people were breaking down while praying. Their hearts in that promised power. The next seemed very tender, and there was was all broken up. Since he first pro- fest to believe in Christ, ten years ago, he had always let the world en- tangle. For six months he had not come to church; to-day he had no in- tention of coming, and was not aware that we had been invited to come and hold revival meetings. This morning he was seized with such awful pains, that he fell on his knees in alarm.

God told him to go to church. As soon as he started to walk the four miles to church, the pain left him. He came in when the address was under way, but there was enough left for the Lord to mightily convict him.

The Confessions of a Scholar God was manifestly with us this first Sabbath at all three services, but I will not mention anything more, ex· cept two thoughts in a noted scholar's • From China's Millions.

an eagerness to pray. They seemed ant with God. I planned a murder, amazed at the Spirit's mighty power but it miscarried; nevertheless, I am to search out all hidden sin. The as guilty as if it had; and I am guilty cheering result to-day was that one of of adultery." With an awful cry, he our high school graduates, a Mr. Fan, said. "I have crucified the Son of a young man of good ability, with a God afresh, and put Him to an open fair knowledge of English, and gifted shame. 0 pray for me I" with a winning personality, said the Lord had moved him to give his life Freed From Bondage wholly to glorify Christ among his fellow-men by preaching the Gospel. Instantly all arose, and prayed for It was with difficulty he was persuaded him, and then burst out into thanksto be present .at these meetings. He giving for God's triumphant grace. had just received the offer of a pay- The deacon said he got all cut up at ing position on the railway, and had the service on Wednesday forenoon, decided to take it. Now he has heard and was perfectly miserable, but that the Lord's voice, and accepts the high- the Devil almost dragged him away, est service. lest he make a fool of himself by con- fessing. He further said that when We were all grieved this day at the he got home he found no relief, never way Deacon Liu Peng Liu acted. He sleeping a wink all night, and never had not proved much of a success as having put in such a miserable time a Christian, and less so as a deacon. since he was born. Being a proud, self-sufficient man, his influence has been exercised in the We were delighted to welcome Mr. wrong direction; hence we were all Horsburgh on Thursday. He came concenied to have him changed dur- to see the Lord's mighty power in ing these meetings. After much per- cleansing and reviving His people. suasion, he came in the forenoon for the second time. We expected him to All through Friday those who had stay at least for the afternoon service. not got right with God had a miser- The elder and others did their best to able time, and, unable to resist any induce him to stay, but he only in- longer, one after another came to sulted them and went home. The terms of absolute surrender to God. elder felt very castdown about it, but One, with a terrific cry, confest to a we comforted him by uniting with fearfully aggravated sin. Deacon Lui him and others in prayer for the dea- 'Nan Yun, regarded as a pillar of the con. My wife withdrew from the church, a man who has given his service to pray for him. My burden tithe since conversion, con fest that he in prayer was: "0 Lord, bring him had allowed the sale of opium in his to terms by making him the most eating-house and shared in the profits. miserable man in this county tonight." At first he said he made a fuss when It seemed God must answer our pray- he found his bookkeeper, cooks, and ers. waiters had begun the sale of opium in the restaurant, but they said, "You On Thursday morning we were all need not handle any· of it, but will glad to see the deacon turn up, look- share in the profits." Besides, the ing so unhappy. He sent in a request Devil said, "You must not press the saying he wanted a chance to confess. matter, lest all your men leave you at This showed God had been humbling this busy season, and then what would him during the night, for yesterday you do?" "On the other hand, the he told one of the brethren that he Holy Spirit," said he, "convinced me would die rather than demean himself of the sin and the hindrance to the by a public confession. After the ad- cause of Christ, but I stifled His dress, I gave him permission, and he promptings." The deacon had for came forward greatly agitated, and, for more than a month stopt the sale taking the chalk, he wrote on the of the opium, but felt he must destroy blackboard: "I have broken a coven- the works of the Devil by a confes- sion. He was so genuinely moved,

SCENES IN

and spoke with such feeling, that it I am amazed at the extent to which made a deep impression on all. the young Christians have gone back to cards and gambling. The daughter of the man who acted like a madman a few nights before, On the second Sabbath, the ninth, slapping his own face and calling him- and last day of these meetings, at the self the worst of names, had been con- morning service, 19 volunteered to stant in prayer for her father during give the tithe. All promised to give these meetings that he might have no so much each year. Even unsaved peace until he got right with God. promised yearly subscriptions for the This night she had the joy of seeing support of the church. The Sabbath him bend, and confess his awful sins. question was taken up with vigor; The previous night she said her father there was not one dissentient voice. humbled himself before her mother, All agreed that if they were to live confessing his unfaithfulness as a hus- right as Christians and glorify God, band, and harmony was restored in they must keep the Sabbath. They their home. I am appalled at the aw- have decided to put up a list of all ful condition of this church. 0 that professing Christians in the church, these facts, which have come to the with space after each name for all light under Divine pressure, might the Sabbaths in the year. Any who humble and alarm those who have had attend will have .a mark put opposite the oversight of this church during their names each Sabbath, and anyone the last five years! But the most who misses several Sabbaths will humbling and alarming fact is that have someone sent to call upon him this church is not a solitary excep- to inquire the reason for the absence. tion. I have found all the sins committed by the heathen, committed in- After the afternoon address on the side the Church of Jesus Christ by "Prayer of Faith," some wept as they His profest followers, and yet His realized how much they had failed in servants, the missionaries, are not the prayer service. Then at their close humbled to the dust nor weep for the they organized into a preaching sohour of the Lord's Zion. ciety, some volunteering five days of free service, some ten days, others In the Refiner'. Fire IS and 20 days. Several promised a month, and one man two months. The first to yield on Saturday morning after the address was Deacon Fan. The evening was entirely given up For days he had been troubled, but to hearing testimonies to blessing renow the pressure burst all bounds, ceived these days. I will only give and he came and flung himself on the the substance of the first seven. Mr. platform in an agony of weeping, and Fan, the student, said his blessing was confest to robbing God of the tithe, of beyond compare. He had been turned service, of the Christ example in his back from worldly ambition to wholly home, where he has repeatedly given dedicate his life to the service of way to fits of temper, in which he in- Christ the Lord. dulged in reviling. "Recently," said he, "when in a rage and reviling vigor- Deacon Lui Peng Lui said millions ously, the one I was reviling taunted could not buy the joy of sins forgiven me, saying, 'Is it proper for a deacon which he had receiv~. in the Jesus Church to revile?' I retorted, 'Yes, it is to revile bad peo- Deacon Lui Wan Yun said God had ple.' " given him new life and new vision; it was life from the dead. All through the day the Lord sat in His temple refining, and men and Deacon Fan was all brimming over women, boys and girls had to get with joy and thankfulness for what right with God and man. One noted God had wrought in his life, in his quarrel was made up amid bitter tears. familv, and in the church these days. He W'as amazed at the way the Spirit revealed every hidden sin, and re- buked it.

Elder Chang said God had revealed not heal lightly, nor put stickingto him his weakness and hypocrisy, and made it so real that his only place plaslers on poisonous abscesses. The of safety was abiding in Christ. knife was the instrument I was prest Mr. Li, the scholar, who had prayed so strikingly on Sunday, said that the to use, but the joy of the Lord would blessing which had come to him w,as that he must drop all else and preach be their strength as soon as they the Gospel. (He is now teaching in a Government school and is a man of obeyed. It was only necessary to see unusual gifts). the happy faces and hear their hope- A young lad said: "The great good to me of these meetings is that I have ful, thankful testimonies at the meetbeen solemnly warned not to fall into the snare of the Devil, and commit the ing to be convinced that the joy of the awful sins I have heard confest these days." Lord had become the strength of His The way of repentance these days people. was the way of Gethsemane and the Cross. It was crucifixion and bitter The good results attained were tears. It was so painful on Friday that my wife, in pity, suggested I greatly helped forward by the service preach more on joy, but I said I dare of song, led by my wife. With the aid of the organ, she conducted these services for about half-an-hour be- fore I spoke. , Now, at the close of the meetings, the people are enthusiastic about call- ing a native pastor, and since we left have called one of myoid, tried evan- gelists to be their pastor. They guar- anteed all expenses and full support.

THE CHINESE REVOLUTION FROM AN EDUCATIONAL VIEW-POINT * BY REV. WILLIAM CLEMENT ISETT I lT)HERE is no doubt "The army of Xerxes that invaded ~ whatever that the Chi- Greece numbered 1,780,000; Ninus nese revolution is sig- and Semeramis had armies of 2,000,- 000 ; Darius met Alexander the nificant. A short time Great with perhaps 800,000 men. But what are such armies as these com- ago the editor of a pared with the millions the Chinese can pour into the bloody field be- prominent daily news- twixt the Pacific Ocean and the Ural Mountains when once the nation is paper said, "The na- thoroughly aroused?"

tions are waiting with bated breath This revolution will change not only the political situation in China, the outcome of the war in China." but also in the whole world.

Another wrote, "We rightfully be- It is not a movement which began recently. More than fifty years ago lieved our own American revolution the seeds were sown when a few Chinese scholars graduated from a salient episode in history. The Occidental colleges. These men stud:- ied the principles underlying free population of the entire United States government by the people, and, true in 1800 was 5,3°8,483. The popula- scholars that they were, they began applying these principles to their own tion of China to-day is more than government. As the number of stu- dents in western colleges increased, 430,000,ooo-that is to say, 86 times as many human beings are directly affected by what is going on in China.

The popUlation of London just a hundred years ago was 120,909, yet a thousand things that have occurred there since Roman days have inter- ested the world infinitely more than all that has happened to China's mil- lions.

* From The Missionary Messenger.

1912J CHINESE REVOLUTION: AN EDUCATIONAL VIEW-POINT 93 I

the movement gathered momentum, ly people in the world. For is not until the axiom again proved true the test of scholarship the ability to that "Knowledge is power," and the successfully apply the knowledge im- power of knowledge is asserting it- parted by teacher to pupi1? The self as it has again and again in this American revolution was precipitated the most interesting of empires. For by excessive taxation; the French China appears to have been immobile revolution by the oppression of the only because her history covers so poor. But the Chinese official has many thousands of years. This revo- grown rich off the spoils of office lution is significant because of its no less than the Manchu; and Chi- magnitude rather than because of its nese and Manchu alike have plun- issues. Dynasties have begun and dered and opprest the poor. Neither ended in the world since history be- of these causes has been sufficient to gan, but the fall of the Manchu awaken the spirit of rebellion. The dynasty affects the world because cause is to be sought in the hearts one-third of the human race is con- of Chinese scholars.

cerned in the issue, and because with- Strange as it may seem, the de- in a comparatively short time that cisive blow against the Manchu dy- vast number of people have thrown nasty, which has been in power since their weight toward progress. I 644, was struck by the late Manchu The subject which I have chosen Ernperor, Kwang Hsu, a scholar of is, "The Significance of the Chinese the first rank. K wang Hsu was the Revolution from an Educational actual ruler of China less than six View-point." I have already hinted months, but during that time his at what this significance is. Educa- edicts rivaled in rapidity the famous tion has always been China's glory, messages of Ex-President Roosevelt, and the educational view-point is the and were far more significant in his- only true vantage ground from which tory-making importance than those to get a clear understanding of the which issued from the White House.

revolution. This emperor was a thorough scholar, The significance of the revolution and during the time of his minority does not lie in the magnificent train- had stored his mind with western ing of troops which a few years ago knowledge, including the principles used bows and arrows and sharp of the Christian religion. When he farm implements, even as some came into power he at once began did in the onslaught against Nan- introducing reforms in order to make king. It is not the skill with which his empire one of the sisterhood of Mauser rifles, Krupp guns, wireless nations. His first step was the es- telegraphy and aeroplanes have been tablishment of an Imperial Univer- used both in defense and offense that sity in Peking, in which modern makes this revolution noteworthy. Its science should supersede ancient significance does not lie either in the classics, and the abolishment of the recall of the man most hated by the time-worn essay on impractical Imperial Government and feared of themes.

all Chinese modernists, Yuan Shi Kai. Kwang Hsu paid. for this stride Its significance is in the fact that for through countless centuries of time- years Chinese young men have been old customs at first with his political studying in Occidental colleges the life, to be followed shortly by his principles which should underlie good assassination; but he has left as an government, and are now applying everlasting memorial the introduction those principles. Its significance lies of modern scholarship into the old- here: That it is an educational revo- est nation on earth. It was this en- lution, thought out by scholars, tering wedge which has split the old started by scholars, and carried to a empire into fragments. Before the great conclusion by the most scholar- short reign of Kwang Hsu, China

studied only the glories of the past. sible to place responsibility where it He only was a scholar who knew ac- belonged. For instance, if a robbery curately what China had been. What were committed no attention would she was then, or might become, had be paid to it by the authorities until no interest whalever. "Knowledge is pressure had been brought to bear by power," and with the introduction of the robbed. He would promptly be knowledge China learned her power. assured that the thieves had escaped She compared herself with other (which was literally true, but not Il",tions territorially, industrially, min- comforting), and that nothing could eralogically, agriculturally, and found be done (which was not true, and the comparison agreeable. There was therefore comforting). If sufficient but one point which brought chagrin: pressure could be brought to bear Modern history revealed her slavery. punishment would be meted out, but For hundreds of years she sat and no one supposed it was necessarily dreamed of the olden golden days, the real thief who was punished. No until she imagined those days were responsibility was imposed or as- running still their happy course. But sumed. A price had been offered to when Kwang Hsu waked her from some one to assume punishment to this dream she saw in him, and in his satisfy the demands of a fanatical clan, her conquerors and enslavers. sufferer who was so unreasonable (!) Like a giant she has risen in her as to demand redress for being im- wrath and smitten with deadly hatred posed upon, and if the price were big the hand that electrified her with enough some man could easily be strength. The pathos has its most fit- found who would be willing to even ting climax in the baby nephew of be put to death if necessary, tho he this great reformer being made to may never have heard of the person proclaim to all the world, "It was all who had been robbed, or know that my fault." Poor little babe! What a robbery had been committed. It is the fault with which you so pa- was a form of life insurance by thetically accused yourself? which one could provide for his fam- Let us turn now to some of the ily better by dying than by living.

practical results of this revolution of This was the old order, which is a nation's scholars. old not only because it was in vogue The immediate causes of the revo- many years ago, but also because it lution .are two: Hunger and Hatred is now superseded by a new. Last -Hatred of the dynasty which by its year one of the missionaries in the impious disregard of the people gov- station where I was staying was erned caused the hunger. But, again, struck by two ruffians while itinerat- I call your attention to the fact that ing in the country, beaten and left it was education which awakened the for dead by the roadside. Scarcely people to the knowledge of the cause had the deed been perpetrated when of their hunger. Graft and political men of the village gave aid to the intrigue made the great brilliant injured man, seized the assailants dynasty of the Manchu race odious and dragged them before the local in the e'es of the industrious millions magistrate. The Governor of the of Chi;a, and the retribution has province was notified at once. He come quickly and terribly. immediately ordered the would-be The first result of awakened scho- murderers -beaten and imprisoned, and lasticism was to reveal the power of called in person at the missionary the people, and the people once compound, placing an escort at the aroused the old order must inevitably disposal of the physician to accom- be at an end. It has taken many pany him to the village where the as- years to awaken this sense of respon- sault occurred, and convey the injured sibility on the part of the people. It man to the city. It must, in justice, has seemed to be practically impos- be said that there were circum-

I912] CHINESE REVOLUTION: AN EDUCATIONAL VIEW-POINT

stances which made this action on dared hope for a constitutional mon- the part of the chief magistrate poli- archy. Whence came the spirit of tic, but it is a straw showing the repUblicanism an10ng a people whose direction of the wind, and those who emperor rules by right of Heaven's know China best can not help being appointment? Less than a dozen years imprest by the fact that even the ago it was the business of the rulers Governor of a great province should, to rule-the ruled were too busy at- for the sake of policy even, take such tending to their own affairs to bother prompt action. In the revolution the with governmental affairs. Even the lives of foreigners were wonderfully Boxer uprising, bringing in its wake safeguarded by both imperial and the exorbitant indemnity tax, was of revolutionary troops. The cause? little concern to the people at large; Diplomacy. But where did the sense the tax being presumably just so of diplomacy awake in the minds of much more graft to fill the capacious soldiers who until recently have occu- sleeves of the local mandarin. It was pied an exceedingly low place in the business of the ruler to rule, as China's social scale, and have been it was the business of the farmer to noted more for their rioting and till the soil. We are even yet asking, brutality than for righteousness or Where was the idea of the republic bravery? The same captains who led born? For answer we must go back them to rob and pillage are now lead- in China's history 2,500 years. China's ing them in the path of order and great sage, the illustrious among obedience. Vhere did it come from? earth's great scholars, Confucius, From the new scholasticism, which gave birth to the Chinese RepUblic.

has raised the ignorant soldiery to the To the disciples of China's great rank of scholar. The system of scholar is to be given the honor of education set forth by China's forming the greatest repuhlic on earth scholars includes military and naval from the standpoint of territory and schools, a university in each prov- population. It could not belong to ince, colleges in every important city, the students trained here, for most high schools everywhere, and com- of China's foreign trained students mon, primary schools for both boys have received their education in Eng- and girls without number. Ade- land, Germany, and Japan, all of quate provision for the complete edu- which .are monarchies, not republics.

cation of more than 50,000,000 pupils Had it been due to the modern stu- have already been made. So thor- dent, the promised constitutional mon- oughly established is the scholastic archy would have been loyally up- spirit in China that it is a mighty held. It is not due to the army, for monument to education to be able to the best trained soldiers are Manchus.

point to the awakening of over 400,- And Chinese have never followed 000,000 people to a sense of national- the lead of the soldier because he. is ism of the most advanced type in the a soldier, as the French and Ger- space of a few years. What a foun- mans have done, but only because his dation, deep, solid and enduring, has cause may be right. The soldier must been laid in ages past! Upon that follow the will of the people. It is foundation is being built a super- not due to the .agitators, even those structure that is worthy of the foun- as eminent as Dr. Sun Yat Seu; for dation, but which can not be too they have appealed only that Manchus heavy for it to bear. may be driven out, and the Chinese Another great result of this scho- put in their places. They have plead lastic revolution appears in the kind only for a change of dynasty. Even of government demanded by this as illustrious a diplomat as Dr. Wu newly awakened people. The wildest Ting Fang said in a recent interview admirer of China's greatness did not that he was greatly surprized at the dream of a republic. He scarcely demand for a republic on the part of

the people, and it was not until he it into the head of this otherwise inwas offered the post of foreign af- telligent person to make such a refairs in the proposed republic that he could bring himself to believe it was mark, and in such a tone? What a reality. The whole world is· amazed possible effect could it have on one's at the turn affairs have taken. digestion to be one of a company of thirteen? It is too bad that the fact I was talking with a Chinese scholar that the day was Friday was not also last summer regarding the political mentioned. and religious situation in China. He was deploring the reign of the It is always an interesting psycho- Manchu dynasty, and lamenting the logical experiment, after such a resubjection of the Chinese race. Du- mark, to wait until the incident is ring the conversation he made this forgotten, and then to introduce the statement: "Confucius taught that subject of the opening of mines in every man, no matter how low in the China. A member of the company social scale, is responsible for the always accompanies one with the gen- eral question, "Do they really have good government of the country. The things to mine out there?" As if people are to see to it that those in all the minerals in the world had been authority are ruling righteously." In put under the sacred soil of the a word, Confucius taught the sov- United States, and "out there" were ereignty of the people, and to a somewhere in space not definitely degreater or less degree the people have fined, as, indeed, it seidom is in the always exercised this sovereignty. questioner's mind. It gives one the This same young man remarked fur- desired opportunity, however, to tell ther, when asked why there was not of the rich deposits of coal and iron, a revolt against the Manchus, that of gold, silver, and copper; enough because the soldiers did not know the not only to supply the needs of China, ancient classics they were willing to but of the whole world for many fight for whatever power paid them hundreds, perhaps thousands, of the most money. "But," said he, years, and to tell how superstition "the time is coming shortly when has kept the people poor when they they will know, and when they do might have been rich if these mines they will join with us scholars in had been opened. Upon this comes establishing our sovereignty, no mat- the question, "Why don't they open ter at what cost." The time of them?" And the reply, "Because it knowing has come, and China is put- would disturb the earth dragon, and ting into effect the teachings of her cause an earthquake"; while the greatest leader, as he is among the chorus responds, "Oh, how silly!" greatest leaders of the world. Isn't it? It makes one long for the time when the Chinese shall be "edu- A third result is the breaking down cated and civilized" up to the point of the walls of superstition. Cen- of knowing how very unlucky it is turies upon centuries of learning and to sit down with thirteen at dinner, study have not been able to eradicate or to see the new moon over one's superstition from the Anglo-Saxon race. I was at luncheon only a short left shoulder. time ago with a number of highly in- But education has revolutionized telligent men and wornen, when suddenly, in awe-stricken tones, one of the superstition which has hindered the company said, "Oh, there are thir- advance in the mining industry, and teen of us at table!" "Oh, well," said the revolution has created a demand another, "two of the children are tak- for the things which the Chinese ing one portion of food between them, earth contains. so it is the same as if there were only twelve." But what in the name It is impossible to separate religion of twentieth century scholasticism put and superstition in China, and when the progressive ideas were promul- gated by Kwang Hsu he ordered that

CHINESE REVOLUTION: AN EDUCATIONAL VIEW-POINT

a number of the temples should be order to do this he has been comcleared of their idols, and the build- pelled to find the very best that those ings converted into modern schools. writings and traditions contain, for The priests of China, who ought to their very best is still far below the be the leaders in purity and right message which he brings. This living, are the most immoral and searching for the best in Chinese despised class in the empire. Yet literature has called the attention of they have a wonderful power over the people. Again, we appeal to the his hearers to the foundation prinscholastic spirit of this great people ciples of their religion, which has to show that in so far as this revo- likewise been their government. Thus lution has touched religion, it has have Chinese classics been placed side been a purifying influence. by side with Christ's teachings con- cerning His kingdom of righteous- It is within the province of this ness, and the very comparison has paper to state the primary reason for awakened a desire on the part of this revolution. The daily papers and thousands of Chinese scholars to esperiodicals have, almost without ex- tablish more firmly the best principles ception, declared that it started by of Confucianism, which, as I have althe government demanding the con- ready pointed out, while clearly stattrol of the trunk line railroads, and ing the duty of the people to the govnegotiating foreign loans for that ernment, yet makes the voice of the purpose; while private companies de- people the deciding factor in governsired to keep the control completely mental affairs. in Chinese hands. The floods in the Yangtze Valley furnished famished And what shalI we say of the inrecruits by the thousands, demanding fluence of those who have come dibread at the hands of those in power rectly under Christian teaching in on both sides with such importunity mission schools, and have learned exthat precipitate action had to be taken perimentally of the freedom in Jesus regarding the foreign loan of $3°,- Christ? At present there are 3,136 such schools, with over 80,000 pupils. 000,000. Eighteen of these are of university This is what historians call the rank, with a thousand pupils; 130 theological and normal training- "immediate cause," but it is not the primary cause. That is to be found, schools, with 2,500 pupils; 438 boardas historians who are reliable author- ing-schools, with over 20,000 pupils; ity will point out in after years, in 2,538 elementary and primary schools, the influence of the foreign mission- with more than 55,000 pupils, etc. ary: The person least of all inter- Wherever Christianity has gone there ested in the form of earthly govern- has gone the spirit of liberty and ment under which he labors; working freedom, and China has more than under all kinds of government, from 500,000 who are openly and on record the Absolute Monarchy of the former as being in sympathy with Christian- Turkish Empire down to the "Might- ity, and studying its doctrines. I be- Makes-Right" government of the sav- lieve I am right in saying that the age African tribe. present struggle for freedom on the part of this mighty empire is due to Wherever he has gone the mission- the unconscious influence of the misary has taught and educated. Carry- sionary body, and to the wonderful "ing the highest principles of Divine power of God's Spirit working sonship and human brotherhood as through His Word to lift one-third his evangel, he has ever sought for points of contact and illustratIOns in of the human family in one mighty the writings and traditions of the movement to freedom and world-wide people among whom he works. In re~ponsibility.

MISSIONARY'S POINT OF VIEW'*

A FIELD PICTURE QF THE REAL MEANING 9F RETRENCHMENT HE missionary sat m The board recognized the justice of his plea for a helper, but not only mT deep thought. The look must refuse that, but did not see how on his face was sad his own work could be maintained beyond expression. In while he was on leave. Perhaps he his hand he held a could suggest a way, etc. letter which he had just been reading. Evidently it had brought him disquiet- So this was the outcome of his ing news. Many minutes he sat long years of self-sacrifice. Worn motionless. Suddenly he fell upon out, absolutely needing change of clihIs knees and began to pray: "0 God, Merciful Father in Heav- mate, he must leave his field without en, have pity upon my poor people! a leader, when the demands were Help me for their sakes to bear this greater than ever. The pleas from stroke. Teach me what to say to the out-stations had been so pitiful th~m. 0 God, spare them this that they had taken his last ounce of trouble. Open the way. Send Thy nerve force. He had dreamed of Spirit upon the homeland, that this reinforcement, and awakened to. regreat sorrow may not engulf us. How trenchment! The fateful word burned itself long, 0 Lord, how long?" iVhen he rose, the lines of care into his brain. Oh, if only the were deepened, and the buoyancy of church members at home could know manner was gone. He acted like an what that word meant to the misold man, stricken with palsy, yet he sionary on the field, surely they would was in middle age and fullness of his never allow it to be heard again! powers. He had come to the crisis in Had they ever practised retrench- ment? The last report said 64 cents his faith. Yes, after all these years of Chris- a year per member for foreign mis- sions-yet the field-work must be tian belief and life and service in crippled! His people must be left-. the mission field, he was now meeting his hardest spiritual test. The His people! That was the crus.hing confidence he had reposed in the thought. It was not merely that they church seemed slipping from beneath should be left without a shepherd; his feet. More than that, the confi- but how could he explain to them?

dence he had known as a servant of What could he say for the Baptists God-the reality of his own personal of America, living in the Christian faith-seemed shaken by this new land of liberty and light? How could he save the faith of his people experience. It was the critical hour. in Christianity, when Christians knew how millions of heathen were dying What had brought it upon him? without knowledge of a Savior, yet ~That was in the letter received that hour from the rooms of the Foreign Society in Boston that had stricken could not give 100 cents a year to him as swiftly and pitilessly as a send the Gospel to them? Again he sank on his knees: jungle fever or the plague? The letter was full of tenderness "Father, forgive them, they know and sympathy, of personal regard, of 110t what they do!"

brotherly kindness. The secretary had done everything in his power to They found him as he had fallen.

~often the stroke. But he was com- Providence spared him the humilia- pelled to say that the Baptists had tion of explanation. His death might not given enough to meet the budget, save his people's faith. For him it that the debt was now very heavy, was not retrenchment, but enlarge- and that retrenchment was inevitable. ment!

* From Missions.

EDITORIALS

SOME DEFICIENCIES IN MODERN 3. The mistake of consulting per- MISSIONARY WORK sonal afiinities-culture, elegant and T HE work of making Christ refined tastes, enjoyment. This is known and worshiped is the greatest work in the world and the the spirit of caste which is the enemy greatest men are engaged in it. But there are some tendencies that need of all true religion. The keynote to be watched and corrected. Among these we note: of all missions is self-forgetfulness- I. The mistake of concentration self-oblivion. instead of wide diffusion. 4. The mistake of undue depend- The error of Babel-aiming to build up gigantic centers of civiliza- ence upon organization-machinery. tion to avoid being scattered and lost sight of. This error has been re- The pnly power to convert is that peated all through history. It has resulted in a great civilization but a of the Spirit of God and the Spirit comparatively limited range and scope. Christ's method is diffusion. works in answer to prayer. The The early church remained in Jeru- subtle and acute Hindus are not salem till driven out by persecution. brought to. Christ by logical argu- Worldly enterprise would concentrate and converge rays into one burning ment or felicitous illustration. A focal point. Christ would scatter and diffuse-make the light less in- young man in the Christian School tense at one point if need be, that it may be spread more widely and the of India who took the prize in darkness be less intense. Christian evidences, confest himself 2. The mistake of selecting special fields, instead of regarding the world unmoved by his studies. as the field. Man's selection is often guided by selfishness or at least The success of missionary work short-sightedness. Fields attract by their climate, intelligence of the peo- has been always in proportion to the ple, comparative civilization, receptivity for the Gospel. God's rule is di- self-sacrifice involved, the dependence rectly the reverse. As Mary Lyon said to her pupils, "Choose work on the Spirit of God, the earnest and that no one else will undertake." If we look for the highest heroism in united supplication of the people of the mission fields we find it in the most unpromising and unfertile fields. God, and the place given to the liv- Allen Gardiner at Terra Del Fuego, W. A. B. Johnson at Sierra Leone, ing and the written Word of God. Coleridge Patteson in Melanesia, John Williams on Tahita, Mackay in Organization, energy, planning, and Uganda. tact are necessary but they are of The fields God has most blest are often the very fields man would secondary importance. A. T. P. have passed by: Madagascar, Korea, Hawaiian Islands, Zululand. THE MISSIONARY REVIEW A Backward Look Over Thirty-Five Years THE type of the missionary maga- zines has changed greatly in the past thirty-five years.

Then men and women who knew how to write well and who at the same time were familiar with mis- sionary principles and work were few in number; now they are a host.

Then the literature of missions was meager and had to be created; now it is practically impossible to keep pace with the output of missionary books.

Then the style of articles printed concerning missions savored of the sermon, the personal letter or an ap- peal; now a literary quality is de- manded, with a strength of purpose and a reliability in facts, that give

missionary papers a value of their TORS to change somewhat the characown apart from their worthy sub- ter of the REVIEW during the coming ject and aim. year-making it somewhat more pop- ular in style and contents, and leav- Then few missionary books and ing the scientific and heavier topics periodicals were illustrated and those and discussions to such quarterlies that used pictures were content with as The East and the West and The few cuts and poorly executed pro- International Review of Missions. ductions; now art and photography This does not mean in any sense a have given us a wealth of diagrams change of viewpoint or a departure and half-tones that make pages at- from the basic principles for which tractive to the eye and bring the we have stood, but rather a presenworld to view. tation of facts and theories in a more popular form-suited to general read- Then Missionary interest was ers, to pastors and intelligent laymen chiefly local and denominational-it and women who seek information was difficult to lead men and women and inspiration for themselves and away from provincialism; today in- that they may pass it on to others. terest is increasingly world-wide and non-sectarian. A FORWARD LOOK Then "Missions" referred almost During the coming year the dewholly to simple preaching; to-day partments of the REVIEW will remain the word includes education, industry, the same. medical work, literature and a host of other branches. The Signs of the Times will dis- cuss briefly the noteworthy move- Then mIssIOnary literature was ments, at home and abroad, that inused chiefly for propaganda-to raise dicate the tendencies and progress of money-and papers and leaflets were the Kingdom of God. given away freely; to-day these publications in book and magazine form The Leading Articles will consist bring prices as high as that paid of strong, stimulating papers on the for other literature and they are spiritual Biblical basis, methods, and worth it. People readily P'joY for the power for missions; the great instruction and entertainment they re- achievements, the heroes and heroines ceive through the modem type of of missions; the life-stories of native missionary books and magazines. Christians; various aspects of non- Christian religions as contrasted with THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE Christianity; brief articles from na- WORLD has just completed thirty-five tive converts themselves; letters from travelers; papers on various years of life. It inaugurated a new forms of Home Missions-frontiers, kind of missionary monthly-inde- negroes, Indians, foreigners, eskimos, pendent, outspoken, practical, with etc.; the achievements and methods world-wide interests, and a literary of local churches and other orgaquality. It has brought to light many nizations in behalf of missions. a worthy cause and noble but unknown worker; it has stood for the The Selected Articles from other spiritual ideals and principles taught magazines and books will keep our in the Bible and has advocated the readers informed of what others are closer cooperation of the Missionary saying and will give a wide range Boards and a more careful study of of acquaintance with many of our conditions and methods. For years best missionary periodicals. there was no other missionary period- ical that discust the science of mis- The Editorials will discuss the cursions on any broad basis. To-day rent thought of the day, the printhere are several monthly and quar- ciples of missionary endeavor, and terly reviews that are devoted to the the standpoint and policy of the REmore scholarly study of the subject. VIEW on various matters. It seems therefore wise to the EDI- The Missionary News will be gath- mosa; Shinto. Politics and Misered most carefully, month by month, sions. will be digested and served up in the most palatable form-condensed, October. Moslem Lands; Turkey, spicy and reliable. Persia, Arabia, etc.; Mohammedan- ism. Greek Catholicism and Greek Books for the Missionary Library Lands: Russia, Greece, etc. Coopwill be reviewed by those who know eration and Unity. missions and know books. The aim will be to keep readers informed of November. South America; Fronwhat is most worth reading and cir- tier Missions in North America. culating in recent volumes that relate Mormonism. Prayer and Missions. to home and foreign missions, non- Christian religions and mission lands. December. The Jews and Jewish Communities; Missionary Literature. The best of writers on this vast Principles and Ideals of Missions. range of ubjects will contribute to The Progress of Missions. make the REvIEW unequalled as a missionary periodical. Photographs, ST. PAUL'S MISSIONARY cartoons, diagrams and other types of graphic art will be extensively used PRINCIPLES, III .to make the REVIEW attractive and impressive. The Law of Accommodation. "I am made all things to all men, that A PROGRAM OF TOPICS by all means I might have some." Paul identified himself with every A general program of topics will class of men whom he met and sought be followed for the year-with a to save. Christian character is someview to covering the whole world in times rigid and frigid in its inflextwelve months. The orcter will be ibility. We know very HttIe about as follows: bending and stooping. We have our inborn, inbred peculiarities; we call January. The World View. The them characteristics because they seem Home Church. Unoccupied Field!;. inseparable from character. Our The Missionary Message. high intellectuality lifts us above ig- norance, our refined taste above February. The Chinese Republic. coarseness, our wealthy associations Chinese Religions. Orientals in above the environments of poverty. America. The Native Church. We are prone to consult our affinities. And so society separates into little March. Mexico, Central America groups of those who are like-minded. and the Vvest Indies. Citv Missions. !3elf-Iove degenerates into selfishness; Foreigners in America. The Social we become comparatively isolated, and Problems of the Gospel. do not touch the great mass of -humanity sympathetically, savingly. April. India, Burma and Ceylon. Hinduism and other Religions of The Apostle Paul had everything to India. Educational Missions. tempt him to a similar isolation and separation. He was a man of royal May. Central Asia. Siam, Laos, mind, enriched with imperial culture. Malaysia. Buddhism. Mountaineers He had refined sensibilities and he in the Southland. ".'as delicately organized. All his emo- tional and affectionate nature was built June. Africa and Madagascar. on the most exquisite pattern. He had The Negro in America. Fetishism. the strength of manly courage and Industrial Missions. fortitude, with the tenderness of womanly sympathy and sensibility. July. Arctic Lands. The Ameri- He was aggressively active, yet his can Indian. The Islands of the Sea. energy and activity were qualified by Australasia. the passive virtues.

August. Papal .and Protestant Such a man was one most likely to Europe. Roman Catholicism. Missionary Conventions and Missionary Reinforcements.

September. Japan, Korea and Forretire into the comparative exclusion Lord all else was consumed. The and seclusion of a few cultured lust of gain, of applause, of pleasure, friends. He might have been at the of office, of power, of achievement, head of an academy, or a court, or all burned as to ashes in those inward an army, but he would have been nat- fires that left only the image of his urally the center of a small circle of Redeemer to survive and glow the intimate associates. more brightly. Of this self-abnega- tion there is no expression more sub- But Paul had beneath his life a lime than that in the epistle to the principle of accommodation. He saw Colossians (I. 24), "Who now rejoice all men in a lost condition, and so ter- in my sufferings for you, and fill up rible was spiritual alienation from that which is behind of the afflictions God that in those measureless depths all comparative differences were lost, of Christ in my flesh for his body's as in the star-sown depths of illimit- sake, which is the church." able space. He forgot his intellectual gifts and graces, his fine sensibilities To be crucified with Christ was a and. selfish affinities in one burning reality to such a man. It meant a desire to save men. To the Jew he cross and a death to self in order to was a Jew, that he might gain the save others. Christ's death saved Jews; to those who were under the no human soul. It only made salvalaw or without law, he was himself tion possible. The word of God is in the same condition, that he might but the declaration of the terms of save them. He sacrificed no princi- salvation. The Holy Spirit must take ple, he denied no truth, he compro- of the truth and blood and apply them mised no eternal verities, but he got to the soul. But how does the apdown to every other man's level and plication come? By human agency. jrom his point of view looked at life The believer is a witness and a herand duty, law and penalty, sin and sal- aId; he tells the story of redeeming vation. love, and he adds his own expeJ:ience to attest the word. The Holy Spirit 4. Seeking the Profit of Many uses that believing testimony to con- vince the reason, persuade the heart, Paul was moved by the Principle and move the will. It may be reverof self-abnegation. "Not seeking mine ently said that the blood of Jesus plus own profit, but the profit of many that the witness of the word, plus the they may be saved." Mark, not even work of the Holy Spirit, plus the his own profit. There are manl who believer, save sinners, for, each in its get where they forego pleasure for own place, all together are used by other's profit, but Paul surrendered God to accomplish the salvation of the even his own profit. He simply lost lost. God might have saved men imsight of himself in his passion for mediately. He chose to do it medisouls. ately. Hence Paul needed to fill up what was behind of the sufferings of Only in the light of this marvelous enthusiasm for God can we interpret Chril't in his own flesh for his body's Paul's self-limitation. HI determined sake. He was ever ready to suffer not to know anything among you with Christ and bear in his body the save Jesus Christ and him crucified." marks, stigmata, of the Lord Jesus. Wisdom of words he could forego lest the cross of Christ be made of Paul's success in evangelism is no none effect. Literary ambition bec- mystery; it is all an open secret. Give koned him on to receive its shining us one man, moved by stlch principles crown, but he forgot all else in that of evangelization, obligation, accomabsorbing passion. He could say with modation, abnegation, and again the Count von Zinzendorf, "lch hab' eine history of humanity shall show a man Passion, und die ist Br, nur Br." (I who in one generation will compass have one passion; it is He, only He.) the known world with the network of his personal labor and make a con- In this flame of devotion to his tinent echo with his testimony I

WORLD-WIDE

MISSIONARY NEWS AMERICA ic~l .administration when they keep wlthm IS per cent. Does it cost so IForeign Students in American Colleges much for mission administration? T is stated that among the regular How much of our money really students at American Colleges and reaches India, Egypt and the Sudan?

universities during the year 19II-12 ':The records of the foreign board, which are published and distributed there were 4,856 from foreign lands. widely throughout the, country show that of every dollar paid into the Mexico sent 294 and the West Indies board treasury, one-half of a cent goes to pay the interest on money 6gB. The Far East sent many, borrowed because of irregularity in the Church's gifts. Eight-tenths of namely, China, 549; Japan, 415; a cent is expended on literature and missionary advertising which bring in Korea, 2 I, and the Philippine I2s3lanpdes~ other gifts. Two and eight-tenths 123, furnishing thus almost cents go to expenses of administra- tion. Of every dollar, 95 9-IO cents cent. of all the foreign students. The go directly to the work. Not 50 importance of making these future cents to get 50 cents there; not i5 leaders of their people acquainted cents to get 25 cents to the field; not $JOo to get $5 into those dark lands. with the Gospel, that they may re- No! It takes less than five cents to get $1.00 to the field." turn well equipped to do something TA Banner Year for Presbyterians worth while for their people, is ap- HE fiscal year of the Presbyter- ian Board of Foreign Missions parent. (North) closed March 31. It was a banner year. The income reached Medical Missionary Conference Meeting the unprecedented total of $2,- THE fifth annual meeting of the Medical Missionary Conference 046,793. This puts the Board in will be held at the Sanitarium, Battle the lead as having the largest income Creek, Michigan, beginning Decem- of any foreign mission board of the ber 31, and holding over January 3. world. For the first time in its his- These conferences have for their tory, it has passed the figures of the chief object the encouragement of the Church Missionary Society of Engmedical branch of missionary work. land. One notable feature of the A very cordial invitation is extended year's giving were the offerings of to all Christian missionaries to at- $596,000 from the women of the tend this conference, all members are church, aside from the gifts of the to be entertained free for one week congregation. The Sunday-schools by the institution. Inquiries may be gave $76,000 for foreign missions. addrest to The Medical Missionary, The Board began its work in 1837. Battle Creek, Mich. The receipts for the first year were $44,548. The Coat of Missionary Admini.tration Each year the officers and members SAYS the Missionary Board of the of the Board devote several days in United Presbyterian Church: June to a conference with the newly "Such statements as these are com- appointed missionaries. The Board monly repeated: 'It costs a dollar to get a dollar to the heathen,' and 'It costs three dollars to get a dollar to the heathen.' The story is told of a man who, having given $5.05 to missions, was asked why he gave such a peculiar amount. 'The five cents is for the heathen, and the five dollars is to get it there,' he said. Business men say it is very econom-

is this year sending 106 new mission- was opened forty years ago, and its aries to the front. Of these China re- influence has been felt all over the ceives a larger number than any other Christian world. field. Twenty-four recruits are going to the 6 missionary districts into The Gospel in Porto Rico which the Presbyterian work in the republic is divided; 7 have been FIFTEEN American missionary so- detailed for service in Africa and 14 cieties have work in Porto Rico. for the 2 missions in India. The They report 167 missionaries, 120 others are divided in small companies church organizations and 9,6g2 com- . among the missions in Japan, Korea, municants. The Methodists report Guatemala, Mexico, Persia, the Philip- the largest membership, 2,524; while pines, Laos and Siam. A number of the Presbyterians are second with those under appointment have not yet 2,415 members. been assigned to any definite field. A New Tribe of Eskimos American Slavery in 1852 and 1912 BISHOP HOLMES of Athabasca T HE Record of Christian Work tens in the March issue of the C. calls attention to the fact that, Jl. S. Gleaner of the recent discovery while the present year is the fiftieth by Mr. Stefansson, a Norwegian an- anniversary of the issue of "Uncle thropologist, of a new tribe of Eski- Tom's Cabin," white slavery is amaz- mos, one thousand strong, in the re- ingly strong in the United States. gion of Copper Mine River, north of Miss Jane Addams has stated in M c- Great Bear Lake (on the Arctic Clure's Jlagazine that little girls of Circle), and another tribe of about incredible youth have been saved from the same number in Victoria Land, white slavers in Chicago. She said, an island of the Arctic Sea. Of the latter it is stated that they still live "Quite recently I visited a home for by their bows and arrows, that stone girls against each of whom stood a implements are still in use, and that grave charge involving the loss of they had not previously seen the face chastity. Upon each of the little white of a white man. beds, or on the chair standing beside them, was a doll belonging to a delit>- Christian Activity of the Volunteers quent owner still young enough to love and cherish this toy of child- T HE Volunteers of America, with hood." General and Mrs. Ballington Booth as leaders, have decided, Is it not time that American Chris- through their Grand Field Council, tians arise and destroy the terrible just held in Cleveland, to appoint coalition of the brewing interests and advisory boards of not fewer than the politicians which is intimately re- five leading citizens of each city in lated to the white slave traffic in Chi- which Volunteers have considerable cago, and probably everywhere else? philanthropic work. The Council also named a board of five mem- Water Street Mission, New York bers of Volunteer organizations to supervise Sunday-school work, which T HE trustees of the old McAuley is growing among Volunteers. Al- Water Street Mission are erect- most 35,000 families were helped ing a new building, and all that IS last year in the poor sections of large needed to finish it free of debt is $25,- cities, and 640,944 persons were fed 000, five thousand of which has been with substantial meals. Homes of subscribed on condition that the bal- Mercy cared for 5,000 women, and alance is raised. The work is not one most 40,000 lodgings were given in that aims simply at the reformation the year. In the medical dispensaries of men, but it aims at their regener- 14,000 new cases were treated, and ation, and it has been the instrument 17,767 old ones cared for, or almost in God's hands for the rescue of thou- 32,000 cases in all. Nearly 1,000,000 sands of drunkards and criminals. It

WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY NEWS

persons attended the indoor Sunday mission for about two months. Thea- and week night meetings, and 2,700,- tres, halls, and churches have been 000 the outdoor meetings. The crowded with people anxious to hear, Prisoners' League, the special work of and the Spirit of the Lord has been Mrs. Booth, has now 72,000 members, working mightily, so that many hun- and of discharged prisoners going dreds have profest conversion. The under Volunteers' care, 79 per cent. work has culminated in the purchase are living reformed lives. By corre- of a Greek church and its transforma- spondence and service the Volunteers tion into a house of prayer, a house are in touch with 80,000 men who are for the Gospel. The friends had been to-day behind prison bars. praying that God would give them a EUROPE place to hold the meetings and reach the multitudes. When they learned Roman Catholic Missionary Education that this fine, large, well-built wooden GERMAN Roman Catholics have church, formerly used by the military, entered upon a campaign of mis- was for sale, Mr. Fetler at once sought to secure it, and, tho others were eager sionary education among their people. to purchase it, he succeeded in getting A year ago a scientific missionary it for £3,800, including the fine piece of land on which it stands and another magazine, Zeitschrift jiir Missiolls- plot adjoining-payment of £1,000 wissenschaft, was founded. Its edi- to be made on purchase, the remainder tor, Professor Schmidlin, is the first in instalments spread over five years. Roman Catholic professor of missions So great was the enthusiasm of the in the University ef Munster. An council and friends that at the first illustrated and well-edited family meeting to consider it they gave and magazine, Die Katholischen Missio- promised £ 700. The property is now nen, was also founded in imitation of theirs." Dr. Julius Richter's Die Evangelischen Missionen. This winter, courses of lectures on missions have been an- A Church Without a Mission nounced for the students of the Uni- O versities of Munich, Strasburg, and UR attention has been drawn to the Reformed Church in Hun- Breslau by Roman Catholic teachers. gary, particularly by the reports of delegates to it from the Presbyterian From September 1st to 3d the first Church in Ireland and the United Missionary Conference (Ferienkurs Free Church of Scotland, which have fur Missionare) was held in Lowen, been published in the denominational at the suggestion of Father Wilhelm papers. Schmidt, of Steyl, the founder of the The church has a history mostly publication Anthropos. It was attended by about 40 delegates from . written in blood and tears, because its missionary societies, universities, and dwelling-place is upon the plains of the Danube, which were the battleother institutions, and a local com- field between Moslem and QIristian mittee in Lowen, with Cardinal Mer- for centuries, and it has suffered hardcier as chairman, and an international ship and persecution from Roman committee, were organized as a kind Catholicism for many years, openly of "continuation committee." Thus, until religious toleration was declared the Roman Catholic Church in Ger- a hundred years ago, and more or less many has begun to interest itself in secretly since that time. It counts missionary education as a help to increased interest in missionary work.

,p Success After Long Waiting almost three millions of souls, and RINCIPAL McCAIG writes to has more than 2,000 ordained men in the London Christian: "Pastor its ministry. Many of its lay mem- Fetler, through the blessing of God, bers occupy positions of great influis touching the heart wonderfully in ence in Hungary, and the church Riga, where he has been holding a buildings are imposing in appearance

and built for large congregations. Its arise between missions and governfive theological seminaries are well ments; (2) the appointment of a filled with students for the ministry. Christian journalist, as an agent to While its worship is marked by the supply the secular press with news most extreme simplicity, the congre- from all the societies; (3) a plan for gational singing, carried on without cooperation in producing and circuchoirs, is hearty and voluminous, since lating missionary literature; (4) a men as well as women take part in it. scheme for a wide policy of medical But there is no public reading of the and general education in China; (5) Scriptures. Sabbath-schools are few, a proposal for raising the woman tho the children attend the regular missionary to the full status in counservices, and the attitude of the cil of her male comrade; (6) the Church and her ministry toward the home base, and how to make it rise observance of the Lord's day is, to to the challenge of the situation. A say the least, quite "continentaL" number of interesting and valuable reports were given from sub-com- And this church, old, large, influen- mittees appointed at the York Contial, has no missionary work at the ference last year, and special attenpresent time! Within her boundaries tion was directed to the problem and live Slovaks, Rumanians, Ruthens, opportunity of China at the present Jews, and Gypsies, whose languages juncture. are easily acquired by her members, who are highly gifted linguists! Her TThe S. P. G. Summer School a.t York geographical situation is such that HE sixth annual summer school Islam offers a continuous challenge to meeting of the S. P. G., held at her ! Yet, no active missionary effort! York, June 29th to July 6th, was pre- sided over by the Archbishop of Recently, a lady, a member of the York. The main features in the Reformed Church of Hungary, has scheme of the school were the daily gone to Africa. God grant that this early Eucharist, Bible-study by Canon prove the first step toward missionary E. A. Stuart, and Intercessions, lecactivity worthy of a church with such tures by many eminent and able men, glorious past and such encouraging and evening conferences. present. Socialistic Sunday-schools EUROPE-CREAT BRITAIN W RITING on the spread of "So- A Notahle Missionary Conference cialistic Sunday-schools," Rev. J. E. Linnell, of Pavenham, says: DURING three days in June a It is stated that" some 13,000 or 14,000 conference of more than ordinary children have already been induced significance was held at Swanwick, to join these; and the movement is Derbyshire, the conference head- ever strengthening itself. These facts quarters of the Student Christian are too horrible to be believed. They Movement. A direct outcome of are true, nevertheless; and any who "Edinburgh, 1910," this gathering will take the trouble to inquire into was I;epresentative of all the denomi- such matters will find that these nations, the secretaries and officials schools, with their blasphemous teachof over 40 different societies meeting ing, their awful catechisms, etc., are, for free discussion and mutual coun- as one may say, "in full swing" all sel. The note of the gathering was over the country. What the fruit unity and cooperation, and the pro- from such seed will be one can not ceedings throughout were marked by imagine without a shudder. Appeals a deeply spiritual atmosphere. Among for help to counteract the evil tenthe subjects and plans discust were dencies of the times are constantly the following: (I) The formation of being received by members of the a body, composed of missionary work- churches.-London Christian. ers and "experienced public persons," to conduct any business that may

WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY NEWS

ASIA-MOSLEM LANDS Christiana in the Turkish Army BiMea Called For in Arabia AN important event took place when, at the beginning of the T HE American Bible Society, with Italo-Turkish war, the Sultan decided the cooperation of the Arabian to call to the colors all non-Moham- Mission of the Reformed Church, dis- medans, both Christians and Jews. tributed 4,550 copies of the Scriptures At one time Christian children were in southeastern Arabia last year. The seized and incorporated in the ranks war between Italy and Turkey and of the J anissaries, but they were conthe disturbances in Persia have pois- verted to Islam at the same time. oned the minds of the Arabs, awak- To-day the Christians are incorpoened a spirit of Pan-Islamism and rated in the Turkish army, but they thus stirred up pronounced opposi- preserve their religion. To-day all, tion to Christian missionary effort. Turks, Jews, Christians, are Otto- man subjects, sons of the fatherland, In spite of these difficulties, how- and called upon to defend it. The ever, great progress has been made Christian communities are no longer by evangelistic and medical tours in insignificant minorities, weakly dethe interior of the country, especially fended by their patriarchs, but vital in the mountains of Oman, where parts of the organism. there are 1,000,000 people. The Khutbas, short sermons prepared in Mos- If this association of Moslem and lem style especially for Mohamme- non-Moslem soldiers develops without dans, are much desired from the col- incident, the brotherliness of the peoporteurs, tho the old suspicion against ples in the Turkish Empire will have any Moslem seen conversing with a taken a great step forward. • Bible colporteur still continues among German Aid Society for Christian these Arabs. Charity in the East A Syrian Pre.bytery AT the time of the great massacres DR. IRA HARRIS, of Tripoli, of Armenian Christians by the writes of the meeting of Pres- fanatical followers of the false probytery in Tripoli: There are thirteen phet, in 1896, German Christians churches, including Tripoli and Horns, founded the German Aid Society for their combined membership being Christian Ch,uity in the East. They 539, with 1,219 church attendants decided to send out two laborers, one, and 1,317 Sabbath-school members. a physician, to care for the sick, and For all purposes the income of these the other, a minister, to care for the churches was $114,856. There were numerous orphans and to ocCUpy 42 additions last year. Dr. Harris Kharput, where American missionarsays that a year ago pastors and ies had been laboring since 1855. people were very enthusiastic and When the new missionaries reached took as their "battle-cry" the stirring Constantinople, the German Consulwords: "A soul for every member General pointed out to them the great of the church." But the churches difficulties and discouragements did not double in their membership. awaiting them, but he was not able Only 42 were received. They felt to shake their faith in the ability of deprest over the outcome this year. God to overcome aiL obstacles. They He says: "One reason for the failure went, in February 1897, to Kharput, is emigration. Out of the 539 mem- where they took care of the poor and bers, 399 are reported as being at the sick, then they rented two houses present in the United States and in New Kharpoot (or Mesereh) and South America. They comprize the commenced the work among the orleading members of the church. Usu- phans. Soon they had gathered 200 ally they are the men. Women and of them, when the Turkish Governor girls remain at home. It is the men peremptorily demanded that the chiIand boys who emigrate, to make money for the family."

dren be sent away. The Lord aided, ceive higher education, the fault is and the work was allowed to go on, not with the mission schools and coltho under tremendous difficulties. leges, which offer every inducement. Again and again the Turkish officials The missionaries would gladly see threatened to close the work, and many times the present number of sometimes the missionaries considered girls in their colleges and training if it would not be wise to transfer the schools. The Isabella Thoburn norwork to the American missionaries, mal school, Lucknow, offers each year who were less disturbed than they. ten government stipends for girls who But the Germans persevered, trusting have passed the matriculation examin God, and now, after 15 years ination. Eight of these stipends furnish Rs. 20 per mensem, and two of work, they have 5 prosperous furnish Rs. 30 per mensem for girls who have some experience in teachstations in Armenia. In Mesereh 500 ing. This year only four students orphans are looked after, while its have applied for these stipends, all schools accommodate more than 1,000 of whom are from the Isabella Thopupils. The 42 German missionaries burn high school. Last year only six and 72 native teachers care for 1,800 of the ten stipends were used, and the orphans in the 5 stations, while teach- year .before only seven of the ten. ers, male and female, in 32 villages The demand for graduates of this are in close touch with the work. A norma·l school to fill positions as large, fine hospital has been built in teachers in schools in all parts of the Marash, while the influence for good United Provinces grows greater year of the work is apparent every where. by year, but the number of candidates The income of the society was $132,- that we have to offer for such posts is smaller each year." 332 in 1911. Christian Ascetics in India INDIA I N The East and the West, Mr. K. Laymen's Conference Proposed for India T. Paul makes a powerful plea for the evangelization of India by AT the request of several laymen the means of an order of celibate who have been attending the Pal- wandering friars. He describes the lavaram Camps of the Y. M. C. A. pioneers of the method who are now of Madras, a general meeting of the at work, and shows that the Order Indian Christian Laymen was con- of the Imitation of Jesus has been vened some months ago, to consider established with the view of developthe feasibility of holding a laymen's ing the work. Two westernersconference, at a secluded outside sta- Brothers Stokes and Western-are tion, to meet the special needs of the now living the life of "celibate wanemployed men with a view to pro- dering friars." Brother We~tern atmote Christian fellowship and unity, tended the Edinburgh World Misto deepen their spiritual life, and to sionary Conference and made a fine create indigenous missionary enter- impression on account of his manifest prise. A committee is now work- sincerity of purpose. Brother Stokes ing out the details of the arrange- has become betrothed to a Hindu ments for the conference. Christian girl, in order that he may be brought into still closer touch with Women Care Nothing for Education the people. He thinks that this mar- riage will be a breach of the "letter" MISS ROBINSON, principal of of his vow of celibacy, but it will the IsabeHa Thoburn College, be a keeping of the "spirit" of his Lucknow, in a letter to the Indian pledge, because it will further the Christian Messenger,. shows what purpose for which he took the vow difficulties confront those who would and bring him closer to the natives. promote the higher education of the women of India. In this case poverty of money is not a chief cause, for money is lying unused. Says Miss Robinson: "If few Indian girls re-

WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY NEWS

After his marriage Brother Stokes the exception of the boarding-schools, can scarcely claim to be a "celibate" training schools, high schools, colstill. While we have no doubt that leges and the Itinerancy, is placed unthese devoted men are doing much der this council.-C. M. S. Gleaner. good, we believe that the Church consists of men, women and children Once Moslem, Now Christian who live in families and need the Christian pastor, who is the head of F MASIH, formerly a fanatical a well-ordered household and lives a • Moslem, but now a missionary to simple, pure, and godly life. his people at Amristar (in the Pan- jab), has recently organized joint Converted Through Reading the Bible readings in. the Koran and the Bible, before assemblages of Mohammedans, AN Indian clerk in a Madras rail- allowing his hearers to decide on the way office overheard the remark respective merits of the two books. that the English Bible was the best The reading has latterly been by book from which to learn English. topics, which method has clearly re- He procured a copy from a friend, vealed the intrinsic poverty of the giving in exchange a volume of Re- Koran from a religious point of view. nan, and set himself to study it, in order to improve his knowledge of Indian Tongues in Roman Character English. Soon, however, the Book gript his attention, and he read it T HE proposal to supersede, for through once, twice, thrice. At length, practical purposes, the complex convinced that Christianity was the characters of the languages of India, true faith, and that Christ was able by the introduction of phonetic writto save him from his sins, he went ing based on the Roman alphabet, is to the missionary who relates the receiving increased attention, as its story, and after a long conversation importance becomes more widely realsatisfied him that his knowledge was ized. That such a measure would clear and experience definite. In the greatly help the spread of education end he joined the church, won "to is beyond question, while the advantwalk after the Lord" through the age of some adjustable system when reading of the Scriptures. applied to forms of speech which have not hitherto been reduced to writing Self-government and Self-extension is equally obvious. In the July issue of the Journal of the Royal Asiatic I N no part of the mission field in Society the subject is discust at India has the native church reached length by Mr. R. Grant Brown, of such a high development as in South the Indian Civil Service, who goes so India, and nowhere else do mission far as to urge that, whatever his organizations affect such large and qualifications, the probationer who deinfluential communities. The nine- sires to understand and be understood teenth report of the work of the dis- in any Indian tongue should, in the trict church council of the Society in first place, receive a thorough train- Tinnevelly reveals steady progress. ing in the science of phonetics. While The society's grant was Rs 26,000; in commending for some purposes the 1910 it had been reduced to Rs 193, Imperial Script advocated by Rev. and ceases this financial year. The Joshua Knowles, Mr. Brown emphapeople's "sangam" (assembly) offer- sizes the value of the system of the ings in the same period increased from International Phonetic Associa;tion, Rs 12,073 to Rs 31,497. The council formulated 25 years ago. is responsible for the oversight of work affecting 65,000 Christians min- Indian Home Mission to the Santals istered to by 46 Tamil clergymen and 800 catechists and teachers. The W HEN Lars Skrefsrud, one of entire work of the mission, with the two founders of the Indian Home Mission to the Santals, died on December II, 19IO (~ee MISSION-

ARY REVIEW, 1911, April, p. 318), it that Rev. E. W. Thwing, an Amer- seemed to some as if the work, com- ican, has been appointed advisor to menced and carried so vigorously and the government in the work of opium faithfufly by him and his helpers, prohibition. Mr. Thwing ~is the would be at least considerably weak- secretary of the International Reform ened. The forty-fourth annual re- Bureau and has been working with port for the 18 months 19IO- the Chinese for 25 years. During 1911, which has just reached us, the last three years he has been giving shows clearly that this has not hap- his whole time to the fight against pened. Skrefsrud was sick for many the opium trade, has founded the months before his death and during National Anti-Opium Society in Pe- those anxious months the steps neces- king, and has taken part in "pipe sary for the securing of the undis- burnings."

turbed continuation of the Mission Shanghai Union Language School were taken. Rev. P. O. Bodding, L Dumka, Santal Parganas, Bengal,. AST February an institution that has been long talked about but was formally appointed his successor, new trustees were appointed, and rules has not before been started was and statutes to be followed in the fu- opened in Shanghai. It was a Union ture conduct of the work were framed. Language School for missionaries. The central management was left in While this school had no formal authe Mission field, but the supporters thorization from the various missions, in Norway, Denmark, and the United the plan had the approval and co- States effectively control through operation of representatives of. the their right to sanction the budget pro- different missions. There was a posals and their duty to select the faculty of fifteen in addition to lec- turers. The response was even more workers to be sent out. The regular Mission work, evange- hearty than was expected for appliistic and pastoral, has been carried 011 cations for registration were received very much as usual in 1911. In the from 130 Mandarian students. Eighty missionaries who had been Santal Parganas district, the old field, driven to take refuge in Shanghai the progress has been very slow, while attended the school. The tuition fee, in the Assam Colony and in Maldah fixt at $5.00, provided for all the and Dinajpur comparatively many expenses of the school as the faculty heathen have been gathered in. A asked for no remuneration. The suctraining institution for Christian cess of the undertaking indicates a workers among the Santals, sorely needed all these years, is now being strong need for a permanent union planned and it is hoped to have the language school.

school at work in 1913 or 1914. The Canton Christian College missionary force consisted of I I T HE latest news from the Canton white and 266 Indian laborers, among Christian College shows that the the latter being 6 native pastors and 3 native doctors. new year has opened with 340 stu- dents in all departments on March 1.

CHINA Of these 129 are in the middle school China's New Campaign Against Opium and college, and 211 in the lower schools. However, the pupils in the W E have spoken of Dr. Sun Yat day and Sunday-schools in nearby Sen's appeal to the British na- villages and in the night-school for tion for the abolition of the opium workmen should be added to the num- traffic already (see MISS. REV., Au- ber above.

gust, 1912, p. 626). We are glad to The fees received from students, note that the young Republic seems covering tuition and rent for the year, determined to commence a stronger and board and incidentals for a half- fight against the evil. It is reported year, amounted to $13,000 gold; Cash

WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY NEWS

receipts from subscribers to the dormi- place to compare with that of Canton tory fund, after completion of the for its size and magnificence. The second dormitory, have left $II,OOO grounds and the buildings of the gold in hand for the third dormitory, temple were invaded by bands of the which is now building. revolutionary army, whose purpose it was to destroy the idols and burn the During the year American givers temple with fire. contributed $17,530 ($7,500 for buildings, $1,000 for scholarship), but The Way the Church Grows money is urgently needed especially on account of the growth of the col- F rVE or six Christian carpenters lege. The Chinese themselves rank and builders of Seoul went down it as the best school in South China, into the country some miles, in the and officials, gentry and merchants are way of their regular business to a sending their sons and are liberally country town where there were no contributing of their means. The col- believers. As the result of their livlege has not been disturbed during the ing Christ and teaching about Him, recent civil war in China, and it has when they returned a few weeks later, been the refuge for the missionaries they left behind them a group of from the interior. Friends of the col- Christians regularly meeting and worlege point out that it can have shiping, a church, in fact. One of 1,000 students in three years, if the most delightful things about it all the accommodations, the teachers, and is, that tho the church thus started, the money for running expenses .are being on Methodist territory, will provided. Day and Sunday-schools belong with that mission, the workin the nearby villages can be quickly men belonged to another denominaextended, since the inhabitants of tion, and everybody is quite happy some of them have broken their idols and satisfied. No idea of trying to and have asked for Christian teachers. swell the adherents or glory of their own church entered their minds, only The Seamy Side of Occidental Influence to save souls for Christ's sake. Do we foreigners leave a group of Chris- T HE Chinese Students' Journal, of tians behind us as results of our la- Shanghai, mentions the fact that bor when we visit a place on busia large foreign distillery at Chaokow ness ?-Korea Mission Field. is now turning out 600 piculs of whisky a day. Opium out; alcohol Church-building in West China in ! So the trading Mammon corrupts and demoralizes. T HE United Methodist Free Church of England has mis- Deatruction of Idols in China sionaries at work among the inhabit- ants of the Rice Ear Valley, West REV. CHARLES BONE, of Can- China, and many of them have be- ton, writing to the Methodist come Christians. These are among Times, says: "The day we have the most independent of the Miao waited for, foreseen, foretold, and ex- Christians, and give frequent trouble pected has come at last. This week, to the missionaries, but they are very in the city of Canton, one of the faithful. They had an old chapel greatest cities in China, and the vast which six times collapsed on account emporium of the South, all the idols of infirmity. Last year they deteriIi the most frequented and influen- mined to build a smaller place of tial of the temples have been dragged stone, but the cost was too great. forth from their dust:covered cor- Friends of the missionaries promised ners into the open-air to be beheadeJ. aid, and the old building was torn A Shing Wong Miu, or temple to down, and a small bamboo and plasthe tutelary god of the city, is found ter building was run up, and shelin almost every walled town in China, tered the people for nearly twelve but r have never seen any other months. Now they have succeeded

in building a comfortable and sub- and think of the pilgrims and mer- stantial house of worship. It has chants exposed to the fury of the stone walls and great wooden pillars, tempest and in danger of death. They and the two class-rooms and the gal- go to the nearest Lama and buy lery can be thrown open into the "paper horses" (pieces of paper with larger building by means of folding a picture of a horse stamped on doors, so that a crowd of one thou- each). In spite of wind and snow. sand can be accommodated on spe- they climb the nearest mountain top cial occasions. There was no supply and set the "paper horses" free. As of timber near at hand, and the coun- the wind carries them away, they try had to be scoured for many miles pray to the great Buddha to lay them before sufficient trees could be pur- at the feet of the weary, storm-stayed chased. Hundreds of men were pilgrims, and to turn them into living needed to bring the wooden pillars horses to bear the pilgrims to their on which the roof rests, and they homes in safety. Mr. French Ridley worked hard. Much of the work of the China Inland Mission has well was done by the Christians themselves, said that likewise we should prayer- who gave over 2,000 days of free fully scatter the printed Word of labor, in addition to more than $200. God, that it may reach the endan- Many of the strong young women gered wanderer and lead him to joined in and took their share of the safety in Christ. given labor. The chapel was opened . on August 12th, in the presence of JAPAN enormous crowds. It is now being decorated by the painters at the ex- Vice in Japanese Cities pense of the Christians of the Rice Ear Valley. LED by the great Count O]{uma, public conscience has been awak- Is Tibet Open? ened in Japan, and the question of the segregation of vice is receiving wide- A MISSIONARY of the Foreign awake attention. When the yoshi- Christian Missionary Society in wara (the vice districts) of Osaka Batang, which is loca{ed near" the and Tokyo were burned, they were frontier of Tibet, reports that it is not allowed to rebuild in the midst now possible to send telegrams to of the city, but were driven to the Chandow in Tibet and that the post- outskirts, and indeed some of the dis- office is open through the whole coun- tricts have not yet been rebuilt. Men try. Thus Tibet can be scarcely of power in Japan are those belong- called a "closed" land any longer, but ing to the Satsuma clan-men who in it may soon have to be called a the days of old Japan stood firm "neglected" land. At Batang the against social corruption and would crowds at the regular services are in- not allow vice districts in the cities creasing so rapidly that it will be of the southern islands. necessary to rent larger rooms and to build soon. Much Christian litera- What Another Statesman Say. ture is being bought from the Bible seller by the natives. It is said that JAPAN has been profoundly stirred the joy of some of these men when by the pronouncement of Count they receive the New Testament in Okuma, the great statesman of the Tibetan characters is almost pathetic "Sunrise Land," who, tho not himself to witness. a Christian, has paid this remarkable' tribute to Christianity; "Only by The people of Tibet have a very the coming of the West," he declares, beautiful custom. When the storm "in its missionary representatives rages and the snow is falling in large and by the spread of the Gospel, did flakes, the people in the border vill- the nation enter upon world-wide ages remember those in the interior thoughts and world-wide work. Chris- tian missionary work did not deepen

WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY NEWS 95

the religious nature of the people, been a Christian six or seven years, but it gave a new ideal to which it has led over 100 women to Jesus. For might aspire, the life and character workers in the "Million Movement" of Jesus." A half century ago Japan small blank-books are provided. On publicly attacked any bold enough to the first page is written the name of profess Christ. The statement of some unconverted friend, and beneath Count Okuma shows the drift of an appropriate Scripture verse. The modern sentiment in the nation. The friend is exhorted and prayed for till mighty force enrolled under the ban- she becomes a Christian, then another ner of the cross numbers about 1,000 name is placed on the second page.- foreign missionaries, 2,000 native Missionary Outlock. preachers, over 600 organized churches, and 67,000 communicants. What Misaionaries Have Done Japan's Debt to America I T is only natural that the Koreans of the interior should think well oJ JAPAN owes to America the open- missionaries. Around Pyeng-yang, ing of the Island Empire to the for instance, the American missionworld; the influence for good upon aries, led by Dr. Moffett, have its political life; the pattern furnished transformed the community. They for her educational system; the aid have brought to the women a received in securing an international new life, and changed their outlook standing; and last, but not least, the from that of domestic drudges introduction of Christianity in 1859. into that of h€lpmeets and com- panions of the men. "My husband It is a remarkable fact that, while is treating me just like the Moksa skeptical travelers are reviling and ( teacher) treats his wife," is now the ridiculing the work of missions, the boast of more than one Korean wom- Japanese themselves bear loud testi- an. They have stimulated a desire in mony to the value of Christianity to the people for education. Where fortheir country. merly the sick rotted away from neg- lected ailments they can now procuH. Infidelity Increasing in Japan modern surgical treatment of the best kind. Further, the missionaries have A CORRESPONDENT in The lifted from the souls of the people the Chronicle of the London Mission- old haunting and terrifying fear of ary Society says that in reading the demons. The Koreans see what has report of the University of Tokyo he been done, and they are grateful for was astonished at the classification of it.-Spirit of Missions. its 5,000 students, according to religious views. There were 6 Confucianists, Sacrifice that Counts 60 Christians, 300 Buddhists, 1,000 atheists, and the remaining more than A KOREAN. lady of great wealth, 3,600 were agnostics. What a pitiful beautifully gowned in shining statement from the center of culture linen and soft silk, stopt her sedan in the new Japan. Only 300 true to chair outside a bookstore in An the old religion of ,the East, only 60 Dong. A friend stopt to speak Christians, and more than 4,600 either with her, and she said, "I have just infidels or agnostics. There ~an be been buying some books to take no doubt that the educated classes home with me to give away to my of Japan are sinking their heathenism unbelieving neighbors." "Where are for infidelity, and are losing their they?" I asked. "In the chair," was former interest in, and sympathy for, the reply. And one of the chair Christianity. coolies, with a very disgusted look upon his face, raised the chair cur- What One Woman Did tain, and behold! the chair was packed full of Mark's Gospel tracts CHRISTIANS in Korea are surely "Doers of the Word, and not hearers only." One woman who has

and hymn books! "But," I said, culties were great. Few cared "the chair is full; you can not get in." "That's no mqtter," she laughed, to listen to the preaching of the "it's only 30 Ii (IS miles), and I can walk." The chair coolies were bid- Gospel; parents were little inden to take up the chair, and they did so rather gruntingly, and the clined to send their children to the lady followed, walking with her woman servant, her face beaming missionary schools; and the chiefs with pleasure, and smiling "Goodbye." Only those who know what soon became openly hostile to the riding in a chair stands for among Korean women can app],"eciate the white man and his work. Attempts sacrifice in this story. "To leave the city of An Dong on foot when were made to get rid of the hated misshe might ride !" exclaimed a bystander. She was past fifty years sionary either by killing him or by of age. putting him out of the country. Yet, AFRICA the truth prevailed, and in 1897 the CENTRAL AFRICA first converts acknowledged the Lord African· Fields White Unto Harvest Jesus Christ in public baptism. Since T 8E missionaries of the C. M. S. in Central Africa are re- that time the work has been rapidly porting openings in the regions around Uganda, where the people extended westward into N. W. Rhoare actually begging for teachers. About 100 Christian Baganda are desia, and southward into Portuguese at present at work, but there are openings for twice the number. In Nyasaland. The D. R. Church of the the kingdom of Baganda is also lack of workers, and now the outside Orange Free State has become retribes are begging for teachers. The Belgian territory adjoining Baganda sponsible for Rhodesia, the D. R. has remained without teachers a long time, the Belgian Government refusing Church of the Transvaal for Portuto allow any to go. These tribes now beg the British missionaries for Ba- guese East Africa, while the D. R. ganda teachers with a European over them. But tho the places are wait- Church of the Cape Colony continues ing, there is no one to send. Truly, the harvest is great, pray ye therefore! to look after the work in British In Ndeje a monthly children's Nyasaland. meeting is attended by 400 to 500 children, who bring in castor-oil seeds, On November 18, 1910, special serwhich are sold by the missionaries. The money thus gained is sufficient to vices in commemoration of the compay the children's teacher. ing of age of the work were held in Ptogress in Nyassaland all the stations. The churches were THE Dutch Refonned Church of South Africa commenced mis- crowded to the uttermost, and the sionary work in Nyassaland 21 years ago. The first station was founded speakers praised God for the marvelat Mvera, 27 miles west of Domira Bay, on Lake Nyassa. The diffi- ous growth of the work during recent years. This growth is well shown by the following figures: 1903 1910 Communicants .. 606 2,709 Catechumen … . 1,325 5,864 Schools …….. . 105 400 Native Teachers. 579 1,376 Pupils ……… . 10,317 45,771 A Brave Nyuaa Christian A NATIVE helper of the Mbozi congregation of the Moravians in Nyassa, British Central Africa, re- cently aided the cause of Christ greatly by exploding an old supersti- tion, under the han of which his people had lived for ages. He dared to ascend the sacred hill where the ancestors of the chief, Maleme, lay buried. Certain death was supposed to come to any rash, disobedient per- son who climbed the hilI. To demon- strate the impotence of the spirits of the forefathers of the chief, the Christian passed all barriers and found the maize offered to the spirits

WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY NEWS

untouched in the sacred hut. Two most important, because it was set lively fowls, one black, the other apart for the discussion of Islam, its white, were scratching about con- progress, its danger, and the means tentedly, the sole living occupants of to be employed in the battle against it. the tabooed spot. Otherwise, nothing In the report of the discussion in this of interest was to be seen. When connection we find the statements that he returned to the habitations in while it is impossible to give exact safety, he created a sensation among figures concerning the progress of the inhabitants. This bold exposure Islam at the present time, none can of the worthlessness of the ghost- deny that its progress is tremendously cult may have a decided effect in de- rapid just now; that the propaganda stroying the power of this old super- in its behalf is chiefly carried on by stition. Arabs and Hindus who live on the coasts of Africa, but that a direct or- WEST AFRICA ganization of such propaganda can not be proved; that the chief power of Growth of the Church in West Africa this propaganda is in the contempt with which non-Mohammedans are T HE Church of England mission- treated and the hope for social and aries entered the African Contin- political gain by the converts; that the ent more than a century ago. Sierra problem before the missionaries is Leone was selected as the field, be- primarily religious, and that Christicause its liberated negroes represented anity must employ different methods over 100 West African tribes, speak- of propaganda than Islam and must ing a variety of languages. They use especially the preaching of the carried, as it had been hoped, the Gospel, the indoctrination of inquirers Gospel with them as they returned to and converts, the education of native their old homes. Thus, the work ex- workers, and the creation of apolotended to other parts of West Africa getic and missionary literature in the until there were 40 Church of Eng- language of the natives. Special emland stations, with about 20,000 ad- phasis was laid upon the necessity of herents after 80 years. The last 20 more aggressive and extensive work years saw a tremendous advance. in the cities on the coast as well as The 40 stations have become 300, and in the interior, which latter, the inthe 20,000 adherents have grown to terior, has been considered as of suover 50,000. The old idol worship preme importance in the present is despised, even by those who have crisis, so that the coast, whence the not been baptized, and a general propaganda originates, has been somemovement toward Christianity has what neglected. commenced. Progress in German East Africa EAST AFRICA T HE (German) Missionary So- Firat Missionary Conference in East ciety for German East Africa, in its report for I9IO, speaks of Africa the Lord's blessing and of the progress and strengthening of the work at T HE First Missionary Conference home and abroad. January I, I9II, for German East Africa was there were 12 stations and 39 outheld at Daressalam from August stations, with 14 missionaries and 12 13 to 19. Delegates represented layworkers, assisted by 72 native helpthe Leipsic Missionary Society (2), ers. The 62 missionary schools were the German East Africa Society (4), attended by 2,675 pupils, of whom the Berlin Society (5), the Moravians 2,227 were heathen. The number of (2), and the C. M. S. (I), while a native Christians is now 1,473, and large number of messages and letters 125 adults were baptized in 1910. The bore testimony to the great interest total income of the society was $56,- which was taken by missionaries and by friends of missions. A number of excellent papers were read and extensively discust. The second day was

573, of which amount $2,170 had been and the Paris Missionary Socontributed in Africa. ciety, have decided to found a Union Missionary Training and Bible School In Usambara the work has been for the training of native teachers in made a little more difficult by the Tananarivo. It is hoped that its puprogress of European culture, but the pils will receive a training which will missionary schools are more crowded not be inferior to that given the puthan ever before, and the Christian pils of the school supported by the congregations are growing in number Government, and that the gathering and in spirituality. Islam is becom- of the future Protestant teachers in ing more and more aggressive, so that one school and in one representative the missionaries in the Bunguland body will strengthen their faith and were forced to speak against it in a increase their usefulness. Hitherto public mass-meeting. The addresses of many difficulties have been caused by the missionaries led to a vote of con- the exclusion of the pupils of Protfidence in them and in their work by estant schools from the secondary the heathen, and the public services Government schools in Madagascar. were crowded during the next months, up to the time when the report closed. Training School for Native Christians In Ruanda the king and his coun- T HE London Missionary Society selors continue to be unfavorable to has established a training school Christianity, so that it has not been at Tiger Klooft which promises to possible to approach, much less to do for the natives of South Africa gain, one of the higher classes. But, what Tuskegee is doing for the Afas in the days of Christ, the common ricans of our Southern States. Its people hear the Gospel gladly, and al- founder is the Rev. W. C. Willoughready seventeen inquirers are prepar- by, who for several years was pastor ing for baptism, tho it is but few of King Khama. He had noted that years since the missionaries entered of several hundred admitted to the the country. Among the 141 pupils Church none had been converted unin the four missionary schools in der his own preaching, but instead Ruanda were forty-eight girls, an under that of native preaching. So amazingly large percentage for a he decided to make it his business to young work, and the number of pupils train up such 'a force. It has also was almost fourfold that of the pre- workshops in which natives are ceding year (thirty-six). taught various trades.

East African Notes The Black Giant Arouled AT Ngora in Eastern Province of I F the heathen are beginning to rub Uganda, industrial work is a pa- their eyes, what shall be said of the tent factor of mission work carried on native progressives-the educated chilby the London Church Missionary So- dren and grandchildren of the first ciety. Its school includes a black- natives to break away from the old smith shop, an 8-acre cotton field, tribal life! There have been some stirand lo-acre potato field~ The British ring events the past three months, and Government recently gave the school the natives have given the whites a 200 acres of land on condition that it rude shock. In January there met in teach agriculture. Bloemfontein chiefs and delegates from all principal tribes south of the SOUTH AFRICA Zambesi. There they organized the Native National Congress of South A Union Bible School in Madagascar Africa. The purpose of this body is to advance the political and economic FOUR of the eight missionary so- interests of the native races. The cieties whose representatives are leaders fully realize that tribal divipreaching the Gospel to the heathen sions and feuds have been the undoing in Madagascar, namely, the S. P. G., the L. M. S., the English Friends,

I2 J WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY NEWS

of the natives in the past. One of the victims naked into the river-the head first objects of the congress is to pro- alone being out of the water-that mote unity among the various tribes, the flesh may become more tender. speaking five or six principal lan- Pere Allaire alleges that he has seen guages. They believe that if the 5,- among the Zolos slave markets where 000,000 blacks stand together and purchasers indicate with chalk the speak with one voice, the 1,000,000 parts or cuts which they wish. whites who now rule the land will sooner or later be obliged to give heed. A Not Clothes, But Tattoo The organizer of this congress is a MISSIONARY heard the folyoung Zulu attorney, a graduate of lowing prayer repeated by Columbia and Oxford. Its president Christian South Sea Islanders at the is Mr. J. L. Dube, another Zulu known close of a service: "Grant, 0 Lord, to many in America. that the good words to which we have listened be not like unto the beautiful A New Pygmy Race Discovered Sunday clothes, which we lay aside speedily and put away till the Lord's DETAILS of the discovery, by day comes again. But let these British explorers, of a new truths be like the tattoo marks upon pygmy race in New Guinea are our bodies, which can not be removed creating a sensation among anthrop- while we are alive." ologists. The names best known in connection with this expedition, our How the Gospel Transforms contemporary informs us, are those of Captain C. G. Rawling, Doctor A Missionary writes from Burma: Eric Marshall, of the Shackleton ex- The chief interest of this New pedition, and Doctor A. F. W ollas- Year's service was the address in ton, of the British Museum. different tongues. I will mention only one, part of which was in English. Captain Rawling was making a The speaker was the Rev. Ba Te, a short trip into the mountains, and Karen, about forty years old. He was while proceeding with his Papuans a lawyer, a dozen years ago in Ranthe leading man dashed ahead. After goon, with a good income. He gave a long chase through the jungle, up his profession and went as a mistwo hillmen were caught, dreadfully sionary to Kantung, on the border befrightened. Captain Rawling offered them a cigaret, but nothing would in- tween Burma and China, at 50 rupees duce them to smoke it. They were naked, except for a grass helmet, a a month. Within the last ten years bag and a tiny strip around the waist. the Christian converts there have They were 4 feet 3 inches and 4 feet come to number 10,000. Mr. Te told 6 inches in height respectively, dwarfs his story eloquently, modestly, making in fact. it appear that the great work was be- ing done by the converts themselves. THE OCEAN WORLD I learned after the meeting that many of the people had banded together as Cannibalism Still Abounding a society pledged to use no intoxicat- ing drinks and to try to do right as far T HE July number of the Revue as they knew, until God should come des Deux M andes relates the ex- and show them a better way. They periences of a missionary priest on bound cotton cords around their the Oubangi, in French Kongo. Can- heads and wrists, agreeing to nibalism of the grossest type abounds. wear them until the divine mes- Human flesh is for sale in the butch- sage should come. When Mr. Te ers' shops and "we have been offered came amon~ them, preaching the goswithout embarrassment a leg or a pel, they said that God had sent him thigh for ten or fifteen saus." This to tell them what they had been waitflesh is usually eaten raw. It is the ing long to hear. They cut the cords custom among the Bonjos to break from brow and wrist and profest arms and legs and thrust the living

themselves disciples of Jesus Christ. instrumental in extending the Indian But the greatest romance of missions episcopate. At Bishop Milman's is not in stories that can be written in death there were only the three Presiwords. It is recorded in the faces of dency Bishoprics and that of Cosuch assemblies as I looked on last lombo in the Province. The vear New Year's morning-strong, fine of Bishop Johnson's arrival in India faces of young men, womanly faces, saw the Lahore and Rangoon bishopin marked distinction from the multi- rics created, and when he resigned in tude of their kind that throng the 1897 there were ten bishops. Bishop streets. True, it was a motley assem- Johnson did much in other respects bly, but it blended into a noble, com- also to promote the organization of posite picture as they sang together in the Indian Church. confident tones, "Jesus shall reign where'ere the sun," and closed with Rev. Thomas Walker the doxology, each in his own tongue, but all in harmony, praising the won- I N the death of Rev. Thomas derful works of God. Walker, of Tinnevelly, the Church Missionary Society and the Indian All One in Christ Jesus Church at large lose one of the ablest and most sympathetic mission- I Nane of the smaller churches in aries in India. He commenced work Hawaii the membership consists as a missionary in Tinnevlly in r885 of 10 Japanese, 9 Hawaiians, 9 and soon acquired such scholarly Americans, r German, r r American mastery of Tamil, under the guidance Hawaiians and 9 Chinese Hawaiians. of the noted Tamil scholar, Bishop On a recent occasion a pastor (who Sargent, that he quickly became a speaks thrice a Sunday), addrest most fluent speaker and writer of that 30 Hawaiians, to a mixed audience difficult tongue. For many years past of Japanese and Portuguese, and he spent not a little of his time in again to a collection of Chinese boys holding conventions for the deepenand girls. Splendid results ensue in ing of the spiritual life, and he be- Christian fellowship. All are one m came one of the most influential and Christ Jesus. best beloved speakers at great gather- ings of Indian Christians and Mis- School Work in Malaysia sionaries. He took a deep interest in the spiritual affairs of the Re- In Malaysia we have a chain of formed Syrian Church and conducted Anglo-Chinese schools in which about annual conferences in Travancore for 4,clOO boys and young men are en- the members of that Church by invirolled. These schools are entirelv tation of its Metran. He was holdself-supporting, not a cent of mi~­ ing such a convention at Masulipatam sionary money being spent on them when cholera seized him. The illness either in the plant or salaries. Of the school at Singapore William T. Ellis proved fatal and he died on August wrote recently: "The notable Anglo- 24, mourned by multitudes through- Chinese school of the Methodists in out the Indian Empire. Singapore and the work that centers in Oldham Hall are doubtless the A Swedish Worker Gone most important single educational facts in the settlement of Chinese in JOSEPH HOLMGREN departed Malaysia." . this life on July 29, I912, in Warm- land, Sweden. Since 1890 he had OBITUARY NOTES been secretary of the Swedish Mission in China (Svenska Missianen i Kina) Bishop Edward Ralph Johnson and editor of the missionary magazine The Land af Sinim. Thoroughly THE death of Bishop Edward consecrated, filled with great zeal, and Ralph Johnson occurred on Sep- well instructed, he accomplished much tember I I. He succeeded Bishop for the cause of the Master by his Milman in r876 and was very largely writings and by his addresses. AND MISSION LANDS THE LIFE OR LEGEND OF GAUDAMA. The that men can produce in contrast to that which is divine in authority and Buddha of the Burmese. By Rt. Rev. power.

P. Bigandet. 2 vols. 267 and 326 pp. THE PROGRESS AND ARREST OF ISLAM IN 8vo. $4.00, net. Triibner's Oriental SUMATRA. By Gottfried Simon. Bvo. Series. Imported by E. P. Dutton & 328 pp. 6s., net. Marshall Bros., Lon- don, 1912. Co., New York, 1911. The last state of the heathen that This work was first printed in becomes a Mohammedan is worse than the first. In the Dutch East Indies Burma, over fifty years ago. It is a the Christian missionary comes into contact with raw heathen, with Moscareful investigation and account of lem Hadjis, and with heathen Mo- hammedans, and the last are more dethe story of Gaudama, or Buddha, graded and hopeless than either of the other two. But in Sumatra, Java, and whose followers number to-day over Borneo there has been done a remark- able work by Christian missionaries 300,000,000 in Burma, Ceylon, Tibet, for the conversion of Moslems, and the story is full of encouragement. China, Korea, and Japan. A third edi- Mr. Simon, who has had eleven tion of the work of a Burmese trans- years' experience as a missionary in Sumatra, has given us a remarkably lator is here published with copious interesting and illuminating book. The English translation is also excellent. and informing annotations. In spite The author first shows why so many of the Dutch East Indies have turned of these notes a glossary is needed. to Islam. There are no Moslem mis- sionaries, properly so called, working "For seven thingies of worlds," says among them, but the traders and of- ficials make it to the interests of the the translator, "he who was to be- native to become followers of the "False Prophet." The sensualism and come the Buddha felt, during that im- superstition of Islam make their ap- peal and the arrogant behavior of mense number of revolutions of na- Moslems toward the heathen leads to a desire for self-betterment. ture, a thought for the Buddhaship In the second section of the volume awakening in his soul. He Mr. Simon unveils the real moral and religious state of the pagans who have began to understand that the practise turned Moslem. He shows the con- fusion of religious ideas that follow of virtues of the highest order was an animist's adoption of the doctrines of Islam and the moral degradation requisite to enable him to attain the that comes to woman. In Sumatra and Java, prostitution is as common glorious object of his ardent wishes, among Moslems as is polygamy, and in some villages the loose customs as and no less than 125,000 Buddhas ap- to marriage and divorce have brought peared during that space of time.

The period of asking openly for the Buddhaship lasted nine thingies of worlds. It was brightened and illus- trated by the successive manifestations of 987,000 Buddhas."

The story, in which there may be a kernel of fact, goes on to describe, in a legendary way, the birth of Thoo- daudana, his marriage, and the won- ders attending the conception and birth of Phralaong-who became a Buddha, called Gaudama.

There is a mixture of beauty and of grotesqueness in the story that is in tremendous contrast to the sim- plicity of the story of the coming of Christ into the world. There is also a mixture of truth and falsehood, of good and evil, in the ideals of Bud- dhism, which, when compared with Christianity, reveals the best religion about promiscuous relations that are ARTHUR T. PIERSON. A Biography by his more disgusting than rank heathen- son, Delavan L. Pierson. Illustrated. ism. 8vo. 334 pp. $1.50, net, and 6s., net. Fleming H. Revell Co., New York. A third division of the book takes James Nesbet & Co., London, 1912. up the conversion of Malaysian Moslems to Christianity. This work is One can not read the story of this most urgent and most encouraging in life, devoted to the service of God, its results-the largest in missions to without being inspired with new con- Mohammedans. We should not speak fidence in the faithfulness of God and of the hopelessness of converting Mos- the truth of His Word. lems until we have more seriously tried it. Read this inspiring volume, pray The boyhood days, the college exto God, and take courage. periences, the early pastorates, and even apparently trivial circumstances, THE :!VI0SLEM CHRIST. By Samuel M. all prepared the way for the world- Zwemer, D.D., F.R.G.S. Illustrated. wide service to which Dr. Pierson 12mo. 198 pp. 35., 6d., net. Oliphant, was called. The book contains dra- Anderson & Ferrier, Edinburgh, 1912. matic incidents, many inspiring pass- ages, some characteristic humor, and Dr. Zwemer has an unusual grasp for pastors and Christian workers of the Mohammedan history, religion, hints that are invaluable. We reserve and character. In his present volume a fuller notice of the book to our he gives a unique essay on the Mos- January number. lem teachings concerning Christ according to the Koran and tradition. DR. PIERSON AND HIS MESSAGE. By J. He shows that while Mohammedans Kennedy MacLean. 8vo. 280 pp. $1.00. believe in Christ as a true prophet, The Association Press, New York, they deny his deity, his atonement, and 1911. his supremacy. A study of the Moslem view of Christ is helpful to all Mr. MacLean has given us a very Christians, and is extremely important sympathetic and interesting sketch of to those who are working for the con- Dr. Pierson's British ministries. Withversion of Mohammedans. Dr. Zwe- out the records or private correspondmer is always interesting, even on an ence to draw from, he had, nevertheapparently technical topic. less, made a volume which has a value of its own. The London Tabernacle OGTLINES OF MISSIONARY HISTORY. By Rev. and Keswick ministries are especially A. DeWitt Mason, D.D. 8vo. 338 pp. emphasized. The larger part of the $1.50, net. George H. Doran & Co., volume is devoted to some of Dr. Pier- New York, 1912. son's characteristic sermons-biblical, practical, and spiritual. There is, perhaps, nothing new or unique about this summary of mission- JUST BEFORE THE DAWN. Life and Work ary history, but it is a good, concise of Ninomiya Sontoku. By R. C. Armaccount of the progress of missions strong. Illustrated. 8vo. 273 PP. from apostolic days up to the present $1.50, net. The Macmillan Co., New time. After five introductory chapters, the author, who is editor of the Chris- York, 1912. tian Intelligencer of the Re{ormed Church, gives a summary of mission- Japan is a nation whose ideals and ary progtess in each of the .principal development are worthy of study. countries of the world, including What was Japan before the missionary North and South America. The view arrived and before the age of enlightis encouraging. He also inserts a enment dawned? This is what Mr. valuable missionary chronology, statis- Armstrong reveals. It is, perhaps, oi tical tables, list of authorities, and an interest to the student of history, index. The volume is rather a careful ethics. and ethnology more than to the compilation than a work of first-hand student of missions, but the light upon know ledge. Japanese character is both entertaining and valuable.

The main part of the book centers are>und the life of Ninomiya Sontoku -a man who was born in 1787 and religious fanaticism, but the need for who died in 1856. He was a reformer missions is great, and there are results who did much to help in the moral that bring joy to the seed-sowers.

and physical betterment of the J apa- THE BLACK-BEARDED BARBARIAN. By nese villages. The book is well worth Marian Keith. 12mo. 307 pp. SOc., reading. cloth; 3Sc., paper, net. Missionary Edu- FETISH FOLK OF WEST AFRICA. Robert H. cation :Movement, New York, 1912.

Milligan. Illustrated. 8vo. 328 pp. The story of the Canadian mission- $1.50. net. Fleming H. Revell Co., 1912. ary, Dr. George Leslie Mackay, is full of romance and adventure. His life "The Jungle Folk of Africa" was among the Chinese and the savages in a marked success. This companion Formosa reminds us of that of John volume is on the same line. It nar- G. Paton in the New Hebrides. rates in popular style the observations and experiences of a missionary in the The present volume is rewritten Kamerun country. The book abounds from Dr. Mackay's own book, "From in anecdote and incident and interest- Far Formosa," and is remarkably ening facts. The humanity of the people tertaining and stimulating. The misis revealed, and the degradation that sionary began his work as a despised results from their fetish worship. The barbarian, hooted at and stoned as he crying need of Christian missions is passed throngh the streets. Some narevident, also the worthwhileness of the row escapes from death read like mirwork that is being done. acles of God's providence. But Mackay persevered, and when he died, after MOROCCO AFTER TWENTY-FIVE YEARS. By over thirty years of work, he left 4,000 Dr. Robert Kerr. Illustrated. 8vo. converts, a college, theological semi- lOs., 6d. Murray & Evenden, London, nary, and four organized churches. 1912. The story of the B. B. B. reads like a novel, and contains no dates, and few Morocco is an interesting country in evidences of its historical character. spite of-perhaps partly because of– its semi-barbarism. The Moor still holds sway, with French influence pre- TWENTY YEARS A KOREAN MISSIONARY. By dominating in international commerce Juan Perry. Paper, 6d., net. S. W.

and politics. Physically, morally, and Partridge, London, 1912.

religiously, the conditions are rotten, Miss Perry gives some fine glimpses and it was for this reason that Dr. of her work in Korea-encouraging Robert Kerr went out to the country work among the women and children. 25 years ago to heal diseases and to The changes are described with some preach the Gospel. He was first sent of the marked movements in which out in r886 by the Jewish Committee she iJas had a part.

of the English Presbyterian Church, PAMPHLETS but later became the head of the independent society-the Central Morocco THE CHURCH OF ROME IN AMERICAN POLI- Mission. . TICS. SC. The Menacee Publishing Co., Auburn, Mo. Life for a Protestant missionary is THE ROMAN CATHOLIC MASS AND THE not easy in Morocco, and Dr. Kerr BIBLE. By Charles C. Cook, New York.

seems to' have suffered from fanatical These two leaflets are chiefly valu- Moslems and from interfering consuls able to those who do not know the and other diplomats. He tells his errors of the Church of Rome and are story in a very interesting anecdotal willing to learn. The difficulty is that fashion, and gives us much valuable many who should know will not read information as to the country and them.

people. His narrative also contains PROCEEDINGS, OF THE FOURTH ANNUAL MEDIsome excellent incidents and touches CAL MISSIONARY CONFERENCE. Battle of humor. Creek, Mich., January, 1912.

The missionary work has met with This conference is becoming more little outward success because of the popular and more important. The re-

port contains excellent papers and ad- A FIGHT FOR A LIFE. The Story of a West African Convert and His Friends. By dresses presented by Dr. Davis, of Frances M. Hensley. With preface by the Rt. Rev. Herbert Tugwell, D.D. China; Dr. W. H. Riley, Dr. J. H. Illustrated. 12mo. 207 pp. Church Missionary Society, London, 1912. Ingram, of North China; Wilfred M. AN ENGLISHWOMAN'S TWENTY-FIVE YEARS Post, M.D., of Syria, and others. IN TROPICAL AFRICA. Being the Biog- . NEW BOOKS raphy of Gwen Elen Lewis, Mission- ary to the Cameroons and the Kongo. MESSAGES OF THE MEN AND RELIGION MOVE- By George Hawker. Illustrated. 65. 12mo, 352 pp. Hodder & Stoughton, MENT. 7 vols. 12mo. $4.00, per set. New York and London, 1912. Association Press, 124 East 28th Street, DAWN IN DARKEST AFRICA. By John H. Harris, F.R.G.S. With an Introduction New York City. by the Rt. Hon. the Earl of Cromer. ARTHUR T. PIERSON. A Biography. By Illustrated. 8vo. lOs., 6d., net. Smith, Elder & Co., London, 1912. his son, Delavan L. Pierson. Illus- THE RENAISSANCE IN INDIA: ITs MISSION- trated. 8vo. 334 pp. $1.50, tlet. Flem- ARY AS·PECT. By the Rev. C. F. An- ing H. Revell Co., New York. 6s., tlet. drews. 319 pp. Cloth, 2s., net j paper, James Nesbit & Co., London, 1912. Is., 6d., net. S. P. G. House, London, A MODERN PIONEER IN KOREA. THE LIFE STORY OF HENRY G. ApPENZELLER. By 1912. KABI CHARAN BANURJI, Brahman, Chris- William Elliot Griffis, D.D., L.H.D. Il- lustrated. 12mo. 298 pp. $1.25, net. tian, Saint. By B. R. Barber. With a Preface by Sir Andrew Fraser. 73 pp. Fleming H. Revell Co., New York, 4 annas. Christian Literature Society, 1912. SUN Y AT SEN AND THE AWAKENING OF India, 1912. CHINA. By James Cantlie and C. LIFE AND LABORS OF BISHOP HARE, ApOSTLE Sheridan Jones. Illustrated. 12mo. TO THE SIOUX. By M. A. D. Howe. 417 252 pp. $1.25, net. Fleming H. Revell pp. $2.50, net. Sturgis & Walton, New Co., New York. Jarrold & Sons, Lon- don, 1912. York, 1912. THE LIFE OF DR. ARTHUR JACKSON, OF MAN- THE DRY DOCK OF A THOUSAND WRECKS. CHURIA. By the Rev. Alfred J. Costain, M.A. With a preface by the Rev. Wil- By Philip I. Roberts. With an Intro- liam Watson, M.A. Second Edition. duction by John Henry Jowett, D.D. Frontispiece. 12mo. 2s., net. 182 pp. Illustrated. 12mo. 212 pp. $1.00, net. Hodder & Stoughton, New York and Fleming H. Revell Co., New York, London, 1912. A CHINESE ST. FRANCIS; OR, THE LIFE 1912. STORY OF BROTHER MAO. By C. Campbell ENGLISH FOR COMING AMERICANS. A Ra- Brown. 2s., 6d., net. Hodder & Stough- ton, New York and London. tional System for Teaching English to ISLAM LANDS. Nubia, the Sudan, Tunisia, Foreigners. By Peter Roberts, Ph.D. and Algeria. By Michael Myers Shoe- 12mo. 82 pp. Association Press, 124 maker. Illustrated. 12mo. 251 pp. East 28th Street, New York, 1912. $2.50, net. . G. P. Putnam's Sons, New BRITISH, FRENCH, AND DUTCH GUIANA. By James Rodway. 318 pp. Illustrated. York, 1912. lOs., 6d., net. Fisher Unwin, London, THE SOUL OF A TURK. By Victoria de 1912. Bunsen. 8vo. 302 pp. Illustrated. lOs., MISSIONS: THEIR RISE AND DEVELOPMENT. 6d., net. John Lane & Co., New York and London, 1912. By Louise Creighton. 16mo. 256 pp. JAVA, SUMATRA, AND THE OTHER ISLANDS OF SOc., net. Holt & Co., New York, 1912. THE DUTCH EAST INDIES. By A. Cabaton. THE CALL OF THE WORLD; OR, EVERY MAN'S 12mo. 376 pp. lOs., 6d. T. Fisher SUPREME OPPORTUNITY. By W. E. Unwin, London, 1911. Doughty. 16mo. 111 pp. Laymen's THE FETISH FOLK OF WEST AFRICA. By Robert H. Milligan. Illustrated. 8vo. Missionary Movement, N ew York, 1912. 328 pp. $1.50, net. Fleming H. Revell CAN THE WORLD BE WON FOR CHRIST? By Co., New York, 1912. PYGMIES AND P APUANS: THE STONE AGE the Rev. Norman Maclean. 12mo. 192 TO-DAY IN DUTCH NEW GUINEA. By A. pp. $1.25, net. George H. Doran Co., F. R. Wolaston. Illustrated. 352 pp. New York, 1912. ISs.. net. Smith, Elder & Co., London, CHINA AND THE GOSPEL. An Illustrated Re- 1912. SOME ZULU CUSTOMS AND FOLK-LORE. By port of the China Inland Mission, 1912. L. H. Samuelson. 83 pp. 3s., tlet. 12mo. 186 pp. China Inland Mission, Church Printing Co., London, 1912. London and Philadelphia, 1912. NINETY-SIXTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE THE OUTCASTS' HOPE. By the Rev. G. E. AMERICAN BIBLE SOCIETY. 1912. Together Phillips. Tllustrated. Is.. net. C. M. S., with a List of Auxiliary Societies, Their Officers, and an Appendix. 8vo. London, Salisbury Square, E. c., 1912. 556 pp. American Bible Society, New York, 1912.

The Missionary Review of the World — September 1910

WORLD'S MISSIONARY CONFERENCE IN

Lord Balfour is in the chair. On his right are Sir Andrew Fraser and John R. Mott, and on his left, Hon. Seth Low and Lord Reay~ In front a.re seated the members of the business committee. with Rev. George Robson, as chairman; Arthur J. Brown, vice-chairman, and J. H. Oldham, secretary

of the World Published by Funk and Wagnalh:c Company (Isaac K. Funk4!:.~sE.~3rSt~~~::,I~~~ice-Pre8., Robert 1. Cuddihy, Treas" Robert Scott, Sec·""

~Or.. XXXIII. No.9 SEPTEMBER, 1910 VOL. XXIII. No.9 Old Series New Series SIGNS OF THE TIMES ROMAN CATHOLICISM LOSING Almost one hundred thousand Roman GROUND IN EUROPE Catholic Poles have announced their separation from the Roman Catholic German religious papers bring the Church, and have founded a new denews of Rome's continually increasing nomination called the Church of the losses upon the continent of Europe. Followers of Mary (Mariawiten .In Germany a surprizing large num- Kirche) . They have a considerable Ger of Roman Catholic priests have number of beautiful churches, large entered the Protestant ranks recently. parsonages, and well-kept cemeteries. Six priests of the diocese of Breslau, The members of the new sect are Silesia, have resigned their offices scattered over the whole country, tho lately and avowcd their purpose of be- their largest numbers are found in coming followers of Luther, and one the big cities, especially in Warsaw of the six is preparing for the minis- and Lodz. It is to be regretted, howtry. The now well-known Thaddeus ever, that the new sect has simply gone Engert, D.D., ane! two other ex-priests from Roman Catholicism into a peof Bavaria, are also studying evan- culiar heresy, because it was started gelical theology, while in Budapest, by Maria Felicia Koslowska, who Hungary, the Lutheran Bishop Scholz claimed to be the representative of ordained two ex-priests a short timc Mary, the "holy" mother of Jesus ago. The famons Roman Catholic upon earth. She stated that some of theologian, Hugo Koch, of Brauns- the divine gifts of the mother of God berg, has published a book entitled had been transferred to her, so that "Cyprian and the Romish Primate" as salvation had now become dependent one of the volumes of Harnack's series on her, and she had been transformed of "Studies in Ecclesiastical History." into the mediator between heaven and It deals with the matter according to earth. A certain Bishop Koswalski the recognized results of historical in- has joined Mary Koslowska, and both vestigation, which are in sharp con- are actively working for a movement trast with the standpoint taken by to lead the Roman Catholic people Roman Catholic authorities in general, away from the l'ope and, as they exso that our readers will not be sur- press it, under the direct rule of the prized to hear that Professor Koch Lord Jesus Christ. In spite of the will no longer occupy the position of fact that the followers of the new a Roman Catholic professor of faith are forced to acknowledge the theology. rule of a woman instead of that of the Pope, the numbers of the Followers In Russian Poland a peculiar Losvon-Rome movement has been started. of Mary are rapidly increasing unto the least the Government has been able the weakening of popery in Russian to do is to grant freedom of worship. Poland, tho not unto the strengthening It is said that the new Premier would of the Protestant forces. not, at his election in June, consent to take office without the assurance from SPAIN AND THE PAPACY the King that there should be this ecclesiastical reform. The Concordat Spain has been one of the most of 185 I made the Catholic Church the backward countries of Europe to cast State Church, and provided state off the fetters of the Papacy, perhaps support for it, protecting Episcopal the more so as once this country was rights and religious orders by law. the right arm of the Romish power in The royal decree of May 3I directeJ the Inquisition. But a new era has the dissolution of all such orders as dawned, and the conflict now is grow- were not authorized by this Concordat, ing hot; King Alfonso has signed the and a second decree removed the most decree limiting the nu,mber of relig- humiliating restrictions from nonious societies and giving all denom- Catholics, permitting them to place inations an equal legal status, which, religious emblems on their places of of course, the clerical party denounce worship, etc. If we may judge at this as a violation of the state constitution. time of the inception of this new move- Senor Canalejas, the Premier, firmly ment we should regard it as the inevitdeclares that Spain's power to regu- able outcome of the progressive and late her own affairs must be wholly tolerant spirit. independent of foreign control. Later, he intimated that the Vatican has con- PORTUGAL AND THE PAPACY sented to negotiate the matters at issue on the basis of state control. Whether One by one the countries of Europe this is the dawn of religious liberty or are shaking off their bondage to the the triumph of religious indifferentism Pope. In Spain and Portugal the and atheism, it is too soon to deter- papacy has maintained a remnant of mine. We incline to think that it is the former supremacy which enabled simply the break of day; that the the pope to dictate policies and progrowing sentiment of the world in cedures to the kings of Europe and favor of liberty, civil and religious, could compel a monarch to come barehas found, even in Spain, a lodgment, footed to ask forgiveness from the and that this most conservative of head of the Roman Church. Italy, papal countries can not evade the Germany, France and Austria have Issue. The status of non-Catholics repudiated the Pope's and his carhas long been in Spain an occasion of dinals' right to interfere in their naloud remonstrances. Not only Prot- tional affairs and have proclaimed reestants and the more advanced of the ligious liberty, including the right of nominal Roman Catholics, but the propaganda. The Pope has "with- Liberal press have been clamoring for drawn" certain statements in the religious toleration and equality. Borromeoan Encyclical because they Bibles have been openly sold in the have given offense to Protestants in streets and bought even by priests. Saxony. Thus he confesses to his Free-thinking has remonstrated, and

19IO] SIGNS OF THE

fallibility. Spain and Portugal have 1920, (4) to promote intercourse be- maintained representatives at the tween missionaries and societies of court of St. Peter and have denied all various denominations, (5) to work but Roman Catholics the right to for closer cooperation and conference, worship and preach freely and with (6) to forward the plan for a per- the sanction of the State. Finally, manent interdenominational and in- these two countries have taken steps ternational committee, (7) to suggest in favor of liberty. In Portugal a such special committees as may be royal decree was recently published needed.

censuring the irregular conduct of the This Continuation Committee, with Archbishop of Braga in issuing an its chairman, Dr. John R. Mott, is al- order from the Vatican regarding the ready planning to secure the formation suppression of a Franciscan review. of a committee which can be the me- The decree also states that the Govern- dium of communication between mis- ment of Portugal intends to safeguard sionary societies and governments in the prerogatives of the crown, and de- matters of common interest. Nine clares that it is "illegal to execute de- special committees have also been ap- cisions that have not been accepted pointed to investigate and report on by the Government." the following subjects: (I) What There is no cause for satisfaction fields now can loudest for reenforce- when national governments become ments and special efforts, and how more avowedly independent of God may the unoccupied fields be most and religion, but there is hope for re- speedily occupied? (2) The most ef- ligious freedom when they shake off fective course of study for the training man-made fetters and make it possible of missionaries. (3) The develop- for evangelical Christians to preach ment of special union training schools and live according to the dictates of at home or in mission fields. (4) The God and of conscience. ideals for Christian education in the THE OUTCOME OF THE WORLD mission fields, the value of higher edu- CONFERENCE cation in Christian work. (5) The development of Christian literature in One of the dominant notes of the the vernaculars. (6) The securing of Edinburgh Conference was the desire uniformity in statistical returns. (7) for more unity and closer cooperation An international committee of jurists among missionary workers of all to formulate the principles underlying Protestant denominations. The Con- the relation of missions to govern- tinuation Committee, numbering thirty- ments. (8) The promotion of mis- five representatives from the leading sionary interest through the secular Protestant denominations and the press. (9) the advisability of pub- principal countries of the world, has lishing the evidence received by the been formed to carryon the work of commission on the "missionary mes- the conference as follows: (I) To sage."

maintain the idea of coordinating This last subject refers to the evi- missionary work, (2) to carryon fur- dence not printed in the report-much ther work of investigation, (3) to of which refers to the damaging effect plan for the next world conference in of destructive criticism and lax

theology among missionaries on tRe RESULTS OF THE LAYMEN'S CAMfield. PAIGN It is devoutly hoped that this Con- Letters have been received from all tinuation Committee will be divinely over the United States, from all of guided in their work and will be the seventy-five cities in which the enabled to suggest policies and take Laymen's 11 issionary Movement held steps which will hasten the establish- their conventions, from ministers and ment of the Kingdom of God. laymen, testifying not only to t:1C in- creased general interest in world-wide FEDERATION AND ITS RISKS missions, but piling up testimony upon testimony of the renewed interest in If any development decidedly marks all missionary and philanthropic work our day it is federation. Dissevered at home. Beyond this, many pastors, bodies are becoming united, and church officers and laymen are testifyexcised branches grafted in again to ing that as a direct result of the contheir old olive-tree. All this is a real ferences there has been a renewed regain, so far as it is a realization of the ligious awakening, increased spiritual noble motto, "In essentials, unity; in activity, and universally a willing and non-essentials, liberty; in all things, voluntary increase in benevolences. charity." If it means small and dissentient bodies of controversialists One manifest lesson of the present merged into large and consentient missionary campaign is the ease with bodies of cooperators and harmonious which God's work may be done when believers; if it saves time, strength and men really understand it with devomoney previously wasted in firing tion and purpose, and the readiness of guns in debate and dissension, anel in men to respond to a worthy challenge. overlapping activity on the same field, ['.'fen like the large, the heroic, the sacwith new amity and comity in all true rificial. No libel is more deadly and work; if federation means this, who deadening than the current view that will not gladly welcome it? men will not give themselves to relig- ious work. Scores, if not hundreds of But dangers lurk even in union, thousands, of men have thrown themwhenever it leads to boastful confidence selves into this service with an abanin mere numerical strength, which don that is equaled in history only by often proves rather weakness; and, the experience of the Crusaders, or by when it opens the way for that official the high resolve with which men have corruption which seems especially the ever faced a supreme moral crisis. bane of colossal organizations. Few men can be entrusted with power. To Another lesson is that of leadership have control of large bodies is a bait and organization. Things do not hapto both avarice and ambition; and pen in the Kingdom of God any more somehow, whatever be our philosophy, than in other kingdoms. There is no it is a lamentable fact that, with size warrant of Scripture or of sense for comes too often the vice of malad- the idea that the Kingdom will ministration and irresponsibility. But, "grow" like Topsy. The world everymost of all, does federation risk fidelity where and in everything waits for and to the truth, tending to sacrifice loyalty upon leadership. This campaign has to vital doctrine for the sake of out- been possible because men were wiIlward union.

SIGNS OF THE

ing to give their ability in leader- was slender hope for completing this ship and organization, subordinating reform, "unless England stops the themselves to the domination of Him flooding of the Chinese ports with who calls men into partnership with opium from India."

Himself, and who by His blessing REVIVAL AT LUSHAI makes even five loaves and two fishes feed uncounted thousands. There are solid signs that the Mas- The work is but in the initial stage. ter's kingclom is extending and deep- The past and the present must be con- ening in Lushai. Several young served to save the future. The Lay- Lushais have gone outside their own men's Missionary Jlovement under country to preach the gospel.

which these primary results have been Four young Christians have just registered must recognize the impera- gone to Burma to tell the good news tive of the obligation thereby imposed. to the Pawis, a powerful tribe who It will not do to lessen interest, to used to be bitter enemies of the abridge service, to millify effort, to Lushais. About twenty-four years economize expression. Vhat has been ago, it is said., that the Pawis killed accomplished has been under the lead from 700 to 1,000 Ll1shais who crossed of an agency able to secure the united over the boundary during a time of action of the Church. The strength famine.

and force of interdenominational union The number of Christians in some has been overpoweringly demon- of the villages of Lushai is increasing strated, as it has been in other phases steadily. We heard a few days ago of concerted Christian a~tion. that in one village there are now 70 CHINA'S TOUCHING APPEAL Christians; in others a wave of re- vival has been felt. On this last tour The Chinese ambassador to the to the villages 141 were baptized.

Christian people of England appealed Over 70 young men have come to us at the annual meeting of the Society at Aijal from many parts of Lushai, for the Suppression of the Opium begging to be taken on as school- Trade. He said there was no donbt in boys "to learn God's Word" and to his mind that the rulers of the Chinese extend His kingdom. One day two Empire were in earnest in their desire came. One of them told us he had to remove this curse from their midst. come four days' journey purposely to There was a growing sentiment in ask to be taken on as a schoolboy. We favor of its total abolition, even in the are anxious that these schoolboys may provinces that were most remote from learn of the Master Himself how to Peking. It was satisfactory to know win souls.

that, from the throne downward, the A second Lushai chief has freed his Chinese Empire was determined to re- slaves in the name of the Lord Jesus.

move the stigma which had so long He has a bitter trial just now. Like rested on her name and injured her many of the chiefs, he has two wives.

reputation in the eyes of Europe. Since he became a Christian he has A group of Chinese students from to put away one. He is anxious for London University seconded their am- us to pray for him. He says the Lord bassador's appeal, maintaining there will help him to suffer.

AN ANTI-CHRISTIAN MOVEMENT IN were instructed in the ceremonies KOREA which form a part of Mohammedan worship, learned how to prostrate The Japan Post calls attention to themselves and how to rise again, but the fact that the attacks of Japanese of the religion itself they learned papers upon the missionaries as oppo- nothing. The mollahs (priests) told nents of Japanese rule in Korea still them that the head of Islam upon the continue, and are now aided by an anti- earth rules in Constantinople, to which Christian movement organized by city all white rulers of the earth come Koreans. A sect has been formed to pay him homage. One day this whose saint is Tangun, the mythical mighty ruler will force the white races founder of the Korean Empire. Its to release the brown followers of Moleader is a certain La Insa, whose hammed. Thus they were taught that name was mentioned a few years ago the acceptance of Islam by brown men as that of one of the participants in the means final national liberty and glory, attempt to murder the former secre- and gladly they accepteu its tenets. tary of war, Kuron Chung-Lyan. Its The pilgrimage to Mecca is undermembership is about 1,500 men, who taken by large numbers of these Moconsider the spread of Christianity hammedan Malays on account of the dangerous to the national life of honors which it brings. During it Korea. Korean papers, however, pay they are plundered and robbed by little attention to this movement, sta- Arabs and priests, but they will enting that a similar movement was joy almost divine honors after their started in Japan when Christianity return. Their brethren will drink the first began to spread, but was soon water in which these pilgrims wash abandoned. themselves, will eat the crumbs which they drop upon the ground, and wiII ISLAM IN THE DUTCH EAST INDIES humbly kiss their feet, hoping thus to share to some extent their holiness. Islam is strong and mighty among the Malays, which form the chief part Many years the Dutch Government of the popUlation of the Dutch East favored the spread of Islam among Indies, and a proportion of these Mo- the Malays of the Dutch East Indies. hammedan Malays larger than that of bl1t at last it recognized its mistake, any other people enters upon the pil- and now it favors the work of the grimage to the tomb of the prophet at Christian missionaries everywhere, Mecca. It is true that these pilgrims and Christianity is spreading among know little of the religion whicl) they the heathen inhabitants of the Dl1tch have espoused. When they accepted East Indies and also among the Moit, a lemon was squeezed above their hammedan Malays. The number of heads in token of the new relation- native Christians upon Sumatra alone ship entered into. They learned the is said to be 90,000, and of these formula, "Allah is great and Mo- several thousand are converts from hammed is his prophet," the first part Mohammedanism, while it is estimated of the Koran, the blessing of the that in the whole Dutch East Indies prophet, and a number of other say- 25,000 Malays were converted from ings, but all in the Arabic language, Islam during this generation. which they do not understand. They

FREE CHURCH ASSEl.{BL,, HALL"

THE EDINBURGH MISSIONARY CONFERENCE BY DELAVAN LEONARD PIERSON It is the policy of the enemy to di- engaged in the campaign than the vide the forces of the great King. It sense of unity in the service of a COI11is the prayer of Christ that His peo- man Lord, and of absolute dependence ple may be united in aim, in spirit, in on the leadership and power of the One their work of winning the world to Spirit. The purpose of the Conference Him as Savior and Lord. Thus the was to emphasize this essential unity World Missionary Conference which and to bring about greater harmony, met in Edinburgh June 14th to 23d, closer cooperation, and increased efficiwas in harmony with the 'prayer of ency among the various cohorts of the Jesus Christ, anel marks an important King's army. epoch in the missionary campaign. It was a great Conference in point This was a great Conference. It of numbers. Twelve hundred regiswas great in its purpose. No work tered delegates came from the ends of could be greater than that of carrying the earth, Great Britain and Ireland, out the great commission of the Son Europe, America, Africa, Asia, Ausof God and Savior of men. No ideal tralia and the Islands of the sea, to disis more inspiring than that of bringing cuss these great problems of .worldall men into harmony with the will of wiJe c·:mgelization. There were as God to save them from the present many fl. :' r',' ":'loffi<:ial delegates, misand eternal power of sin. No need is sionaries, wives t:. f delegates and other more pressing among the Christians visitors beside the generous hosts and

hostesses of Edinburgh and the vicin- every non-Christian mission-field, met ity, all of whom helped to swell the together for a common purpose. There numbers of those who eagerly sought were Christians of every race and color, admission each day to the three large converts from the great non-Christian halls in which the meetings were held. religions-Hebrew, Hindu, Moslem, It was a great Conference because Confucian, Buddhist, Shinto, Animist, all met togcther in the namc of a com- mon Lord, and in the interest of His work.

It was a great Conference in its per- sonnel. Seldom, if ever, have so many prominent leaders, from so many lands, creeds, callings, social and po- litical walks in life, met together with a common great purpose. There were men like the Archbishop of Canter- bury, from the highest ecclesiastical circles of the Church of England, side by side with native Christians, like Thang Khau, from the hill tribes of Assam. There were members of the nobility like Lord Balfour of Burleigh, on friendly equality with those whose only claim to distinction was their kin- ship to Christ. There were political leaders from America like Seth Low and William Jennings Bryan, and re- REV. K. C. CHATTER][, D.D. ligious leaders and writers of world- Indian member of the Continuation Committee wide renown-men like John R. Matt, of its representative character. Every the efficient chairman of the Conferbranch of the Protestant Christian ence; Robert E. Speer and James L. Church actually engaged, to any con- Bal ton. Then there were the honored siderable extent, in world-wide evan- missionaries like Dr. John Ross, of gelization sent leading missIonary Manchuria; Dr. Timothy Richard, of workers from the home and foreign Shanghai; Sydney Gulick, of Japan; fields to contribute to the wisdom of Samuel Moffat, of Korea; Bishop the Conference, and to carry back to Qldham, of Malaysia; Bishop Tho- burn, of India; Archdeacon Walker, of their work larger sympathy, higher Uganda, and Samuel M. Zwemer, of ideals, better methods and increased Arabia. There were well-known and inspiration. The Church of England, greatly honored continentals -men high and low, friars and laymen, the like Dr. Julius Richter, Johannes Lep- Methodists, Baptists, Congregational- sius and Johannes vVarneck. There ists, Presbyterians, Moravians, Breth- were Christian leaders from non- ren and numberless other sects and Christian races-like Dr. Chatterji, of societies from every Christian land and India; Bishop Honda, of Japan, the

THE EDINBURGH MISSIONARY

ex-minister of education from Korea, in English on the part of Germans, as well as others from China and Swiss, French, Dutch, Danish, Scan- Africa. Women leaders also had dinavian, Japanese, Korean, Chinese, their place on the platform and com- Burmese and Hindu were especially mi ttees. remarkable. Some of the speeches were impassioned, many were powerful, all The Conference was great in its organisation and management. It was JOHN R. MOTT, LL.D. no small task to entertain twelve hundred or more delegates and friends, to Chai rman of the Confe re nce, an d of fhe Continuaprovide "stewards"–or ushers-in three halls, for two or three meetings tion Committee . each day, to print and distribute ti ckets of admission to delegates and clamor- were courteous and showed a loyalty ing multitudes, to furnish hand-books, to Christ and a desire to work harto edit, print and distribute a daily moniously for the advancement of His Conference paper, to care for letters Kingdom. and circulars, private conferences, daily luncheons and teas-all without The Conference was great in its friction, confusion or delay. Great promise and its possibilities . If nothcredit is especially due to Dr. John ing more were gained than the meet- ing face to face of these leaders of va- Robson and J. H. Oldham, chairman riolls denominations, it would have been worthwhile. The coming toand secretary respectively of the busi- gether in friendly spirit has broadness committee, and to Dr. John R. ened our sympathies and has enabled Matt, chairman of the Conference. those with varying opinions to see each The meetings were opened and closed others' viewpoints. The frank and on time, speakers were kept strictly to free expression of opinion has clea red their limits, crowds were handled courteously in spite of the great demand for tickets. It was a rare sight to see the crowds eager to pay fifty cents each for tickets to missionary meetings.

It was a great Conference in the spirit and power of the speeches. Probably never before was there a more remarkable series of short, pointed speeches. During the Conference in Assembly Hall there were over three hundred seven-minute speeches and three times as many more cards were sent into the chairman from those who desired an opportunity. Few speakers were verbose, most of them had something definite to say and spoke earnestly and to the point. The command of language and clearness of expression

the air and should make closer coop- The Continuation Committee eration possible. Some of the delegates -notably those from the "high Church But the possibilities of the Conferparty" of the Church of Englancl- ence are to be reckoned by the inhave been subjected to severe criticism fluence of the delegates in thei r own by their brethren for attending such a churches and societies and missions. conference at all; some delegates re- Only as they carry back spiritual gretted the expression by a few speak- power and unity of purpose to their ers of a desire for closer cooperation work, can the effects of the Conferwith the Church of Rome-even unre- ence be extended and continued. The formed-or the evidence of too great greatest sign of promise for lasting resympathy with "higher criticism" by sults and further progress is perhaps others, or too Iowa standard by a few in the appointment of the Continuation educators as to the necessity for Committee. This group of 35 leaders preaching a simple Gospel message, includes ten from America, ten from but, on the whole, the Conference the British Isles, ten from the Contishowed its sympathy with spiritual nent of Europe, and one each from aims and methods, and the speakers Africa, India, China, Australia and most applauded were those who stood Japan. The chairman is John R. Matt. most loyally for the deity of Christ, the authority of the Bible, and the and the secretary J. H. Oldham. The straightforward preaching of the Gaspe. members from America are Dr. T. S. Barbour, of the Baptist Foreign Mis- sion Society; Dr. James L. Barton, of the American Board ; Dr. Arthur J.

SYNOD HALL.. EDINBURGH

1 0 ] THE EDINBURGH MISSIONARY CONFERENCE 65

INTERIOR OF SYNOD H AL L ~ EDI NBUR GH Brown, of the Presbyterian Board; ning, of Holland; Count Moltke, of President John F. Goucher, of Baltimore; Bishop W. R . Lambert, of the Denmark; Missions Director Musta- Methodist Board (South); Mr. Silas McBee, of the Churchman; John R. kallio, of Finland, and Bishop Tottie, Mott, N. W. Rowell, Esq., of Toronto; Rev. Canon Tucker, of the Church of of Sweden. The other members are England in Canada, and Rev. Charles R. Watson, of the United :Presby- Prof. Marais, of South Africa; the terian Board of Missions. Bishop of Gippsland, from Australia; The members from Great Britain are Sir Andrew Fraser, Dr. H. T. Bishop Honda, of Japan; Mr. Cheng Hodgkin, of the Society of Friends; Mrs. Creighton and the Bishop of Chung-Ye, of China, and Dr. Chat- Southwark, of the S. P. G.; Dr. Eugene Stock, of the C. M. S.; Dr. terji, of India. This committee has George Robson, of the United Free Church of Scotland; G. W. McAlpine, power to appoint its own officers and Esq., Rev. J. N. Ogilvie, of the Estab- tt' fill vacancies. lished Church of Scotland; Rev. J. H. The carrying forward to fruition Ritson, of the British and Foreign Bible Society, and Dr. R. Wardlaw of the ideals and suggestions of the Thompson, of the London Missionary Conference as to comity, cooperation, Society. The members from the Continent future conferences, harmonious solu- are Prof. Haussleiter, Dr. Hennig, tion of problems and united action in Herr Wiirz, and Dr. Julius Richter, of Germany; Dr. Boegner, of France; In- such matters as relate to home and .spector Dahle, of Norway; Dr. Gun- foreign governments is left in the hands of this continuation committee.

Its responsibilities are heavy, its op- portunities are great. May God guide its deliberations. .

The Daily Proll'ram The main subjects for discussion at the Conference were the reports of the eight commissions which had been pre- pa red and distributed in advance to each delegate. After a fifteen-minute

devotional service at 9 :45 A.M'J the thoroughness in bringing the gospel to chairman of a commission was given these awakening nations.

twenty minutes to present his re- (3) The time has come when the port at the beginning of the day set Church should enter fields thus far un- aside for that report. Then followed occupied-Tibet, the Sudan, Afghanis- brief, bright, telling seven-minute tan, Central Asia, Central Arabia. If speeches by members of the Confer- the time is not at hand, when is it ence, criticizing, commending, extend- coming?

ing the reports. Finally, at the close (4) If the present situation in the of the afternoon session, the chairman world field is to be met, there must or one of the other members of the be united planning and concerted ef- commission closed the discussion. In fort by all the evangelical forces of the midst of the morning session was Christendom. The united adoption of a half-hour of intercession-Qne of the well-considered plans on the part of most impressive features of the Con- societies represented in this Con- ference. The evenings in Assembly ference would be more than equivalent Hall were devoted to general addresses to the doubling of the present mission- by well-known leaders on such topics ary staff in the field.

as "The Sufficiency of God," "Christ (5) The task before us will not be the Leader of Missionary Work of the achieved without a great increase of Church," and "Christianity the vinal the native forces on the mission field- and Universal Religion." the task is not a European or an The Distribution of forces American task, but is Asiatic and Af- rican. There must be an heroic in- The chairman of Commission I, Dr. crease in native workers.

John R. Mott, gave the following out" (6) There has been a great unani- standing convictions and impressions mity in the emphasis with which mis- as a result of the study of the subject, sionaries and native leaders have ex- "The Carrying of the Gospel into All prest the conviction that the crucial the World": problem is the state of the Church at (I) The vastness of the task of home. There must be a great expan- evangelizing the world-its variety sion of the vitality and selhacrificing and difficulties. The great importance spirit of the Church at home, if there of looking at the whole world as a is to be greater success in foreign unit. fields.

(2) The time is actually at hand when the Christian Church should be- The evangelization of Africa presents stir itself to greater efforts in coun- great problems. The great characteristries where it is already working. The tics of the continent are its large area stupendous changes in these nations and widely scattered population; its many make it important that we should in- languages and dialects-sometimes as many as four in a radius of one hundred miles; fluence them while they are plastic- its political complications due to French before antagonists and evil influences and Portuguese and Spanish hostility to gain control, while there is a respect Protestant missions, and the encouragement and keen desire for Western learning. given by the British Government to Islam There is need of promptness and rather than to Christianity in Egypt and the Sudan. Pagan Africa is becoming Moslem

LEADERS OF THE EDINBURGH MISSIONARY

(See other side for names of officers and copyright notice) Edinburgh, Scotland, June 14 to 23, 1910 President Tile Right Han. Lord Balfour, of Burleigh, K. T.

Vice-Presidents The Right Hall. Lord Reay, Sir John Kennaway, Sir Andrew H. L. Fraser British Executive Committee The Master of Polwarth and Duncan McLaren, Esq ……………….. Joint-Chairmen Mr. ]. H. Oldham, M.A., and Kenneth McLennan ………………………. Secretaries American Executive Committee Rev. Arthur]. Brown, D.D…………………………………………… Chairman Rev. Henry Carroll, LL.D., and Wm. Henry Grant, Esq …………………. Secretaries Continental Executive Committee Bishop Benjamin La Trobe ………………………………………….. Chairman Rev. Julius Richter, D.D……………………………………………… Secretary The Commissions 1. Carrying the Gospel unto all the N on-Christian World.

Mr. John R. Mott, LL.D., ………………………………….. Chairman Rev. George Robson, D.D., and Rev. Julius Richter, D.D……… Vice-Chairmen II. The Native Church and Its Workers. Rev. J. C. Gibson, D.D………………………………………. Chairman Bishop Walter R. Lambuth, D.D………………………….. Vice-Chairman III. Education in Relation to the Christianization of National Life. The Bishop of Birmingham ………………………………….. Chairman Prof. Ed·,vard C. Moore. D.D…………………………….. Vice-Chairman IV. The Missionary Message in Relation to Non-Christian Religions. Prof. D. S. Cairns, D.D……………………………………… Chairman Robert E. Speer, M.A., D.D……………………………… Vice-Chairman V. The Preparation of Missionaries. President W. Douglas Mackenzie, D.D…………………………. Chairman Prof. J. O. F. Murray, D.D……………………………… Vice-Chairman VI. The Home Base of Missions. Rev. James L. Barton, D.D…………………………………. .. Chairman Herr Frederick Wurtz, G. W. MacAlpine, and Rev. J. P. Maud … Vice-Chairmen VII. Relation of Missions to Governments. Lord Balfour ……………………………………………… Chairman Hon. Seth Low ……………………………………….. Vice-Chairman VIII. Cooperation am! Unity. Sir Andrew H. L. Fraser, LL.D………………………………. Chairman Mr. Silas McBee ………………………………………. Vice-Chairman Chairman of the Conference JOHN R. MOTT, LL.D.

Recording Clerks Rev. ]. H. RITSON and N. W. ROWELL, K.C.

PORTRAITS IN THE FRONTISPIECE (I) Lord Balfour"; (2) Hon. Seth Low; (3) Bishop Walter R. Lambuth, D.D.; (4) Bishop La Trobe'; (5) Dr. Eugene Stock; (6) Rev. Harlan P. Beach, D.D.; (7) Rev. James L. Barton, D.D.; (8) Dr. Julius Richter; (g) Rev. ]. Campbell Gibson, D.D.'; (TO) Rev. Arthur J. Brown, D.D.; (II) Rev. H. K. Carroll, LL.D.; (12) Hon. Duncan McLaren"; (13) Mr. J. H. Oldham; (14) Mr. John W. Wood; (IS) Mornay Williams, Esq.; (16) Sir Andrew Fraser'; (17) Rev. R. Wardlaw Thompson, D.D.; (18) Hon. S. B. Capen, LL.D.; (Ig) Wm. J. Scheiffelin, Ph.D.; (20) Rev. Professor George Owen; (21) Rev. Professor n. S. Cairn.'

1 Copyright by Elliott & Fry. • Photograph from Lafayette, London. • Photograph from Alex. Ayton, Edinburgh. 'Photograph by Hardie, Aberdeen. more rapidly than it is becoming Christian. been gathered-an average of one an -Dr. JOHN ROBSON. hour for every hour that Christians have been wurking there! In view of this day In a recent visit to the Sudan, I found of harvest there are three dangers: (1) 55 unevangelized tribes numbering from The revived heathenism. (2) The intro- 500 to 2,000,000 each. This problem must duction of erroneous philosophy, and (3) be met in our generation or these tribes superficial work in conversion and trainwill become Mohammedans. Their mem- ing of converts.-HON. T. H. YUN, former bers are among the most warlike races in imperial minister of education in Korea, Africa.-Dr. H. KAARL KUMM, of the a member of the Methodist Church. Sudan United Mission. "In India," said George Sherwood There are 80,000 Protestant Christians Eddy, "there are still 100,000,000 out among my countrymen, but these are of the reach of any Christian worker. mostly in the large cities. The smaller The door is opening wider every day. towns continue practically untouched. There is especially a great opportunity Very little is done among the farmers and among the students of India, and working men. Buddhism is corrupt, Shinto- among the 50,000,000 outcastes who ism is political, Confucianism merely are ready to come into the kingdom. ethical. The Japanese are discovering that they must have a religious basis as well as South America and Africa are better education. There is need of reenforce- occupied' in proportion to their populaments.-REV. YUGORO CHIBA, of Japan. tion than India. Madras's presidency is the only one that may be said to be prop- Japan is leading the Orient – but erly occupied by missionaries. There are whither? They are losing the old stand- now six native missionary societies that ards, and the question is shall material- are supported, controlled and manned by ism, agnosticism, irreligion or Christian- the Indians themselves.-V. S. AZARIAU. ity sway the land?-REv. ]. D. DAVIS, D.D., American Board, Japan. For Mol1golia, Rev. G. H. Bonfield, of the British and Foreign Bible So- Bishop James W. Bashford, of the ciety, made an earnest appeal. The American Methodist Church, spoke Mongolians were formerly a strong forcibly of the crisis in China. There people; now 75 per cent of the men are are signs of a revolution-political, morally decadent. There are only 10 industrial, educational, and religious. missionaries in Mongolia, and all of A young man went to an exhibit in a these are practically in Chinese terrimissionary school, and came home to tory. Only one colporteur is working say to his father: "China is at the head among the more than 2,000,000 people of the list of nations in two things- wandering about Mongolia. population and resources-and at the foot of the list in everything else." It A similar call was voiced by L. E. was an eye-opener to the young man. Hogberg, the Swedish missionary in Eastern Turkestan. In all of Central . The Chinese are waking up to Asia there are only 20 missionaries. their responsibility, and recently in Peking 400 men pledged themselves to Rev. William Ewing, of the United the evangelization of China. Free Church of Scotland, and Rev. Louis Meyer spoke in behalf of the The great changes give an unparalleled neglected "Chosen People." It is a opportunity in China. The Chinese mind strange reading of the New Testais empty; now is the time to fiII it with ment that would exclude the Jews Christ. The devil is busy; Christians must be busy too.-T. Y. CHANG.

Korea is a "microscopic mission field," for many people do not know where it is. Tn the last 25 years 200,000 collverts have

from the sphere of lllissionary work. be no ground for the impression that The large number of Jews in Arabia, missionaries clo not desire to have the Persia and India are still uncared for. natives become leaders. The general Eight million ot the chosen people are opinion was that it is not advisable to untouched by Christian effort. The work is hopeful. In the last twenty- support the native workers with for- five years it is estimated that 250,000 eign money, but in some places it Jews have been baptized' as Chris- seems necessary.

tians-Cas many as in Korea). In Manchuria idolatry is dead. There A letter from Dr. Gustav Warneck are 30,000 native communicants and 100,- 000 adherents. Of the 30,000 baptized, exprest the conviction that the great not more than 100 came in as the direct result of foreign missionaries' work. Two question is not where are the largest native preachers last year baptized 300 unoccupied fields, but where at pres- members.- REV. JOHN Ross, D.D.

ent do the forces most need strength- In Korea the missionaries do not beening? The answer is-in the Far lieve in using foreign money for native workers. The results of placing the re- East, where mighty nations are emer- sponsibility of evangelizing Korea on the native Church has shown the wisdom of ging into light, and in Central Africa, this policy, and the Koreans agree with the missionaries.-REv. SAMUEL A. MOFto counteract the advance of Islam. FETT, D.D.

God is calling us both to enter new The Native Church fields and to strengthen old missions. We are responsible not only for the unfinished "We should use the term "The task but for the untouched task. Tibet is not the only unoccupied field. There are in Church on the Mission Field," rather Asia also-Afghanistan, Cambodia, Mongolia, Anam, Siberia, Bokhara, Turkes- than "The Native Church," for the tan and South .lrabia-42,0()0,000 people. In Africa there are Somaliland, the Su- Church of Christ is nowhere native to dan, Portuguese Territory, the Sahara, this earth," said Dr. J. Campbell Gibparts of North Africa and the French Kongo-70,000,000 people. son, chairman of Commission No. II.

These lands should be occupied now, The time is coming when missionaries because (1) The greatest plea is not opportunity, but destitution; (2) Christ's will not be the leaders, but only the command is for the universal proclamation of the gospel; (3) Christ's glory is allies of Christ, cooperating with the at stake. These lands are not unoccupied by the devil; (4) it is the glory of Chris- Church in the mission fields. tianity to undertake impossibilities because we believe in an Almighty GOd.-SAMUEL The missionaries should abandon the M. ZWEMER. whole attitude of mind that leads them to look on the native Church and its leaders In establishing the Church on the as inferior. Weare not responsible for all the mistakes that may be made. Christ mission field, the strongest views ex- can be trusted to guide His followers in the mission fields as well as in the home prest were in favor both of working land.-REv. ARTHUR J. BROWN, D.D. for individual conversion and bringing In Japan there are four independent, communities under Christian influence. self-governing branches of the Protestant Church. Among the Methodists the mis- The chief attention of the missionary sionaries are only members of the Japa- nese Conference.-BrsHoP HONDA. should, as a rule, be devoted to the training of native workers, rather than In order to correct the mistake of try- ing to keep the native Church too long in direct evangelistic work. There must swaddling-clothes (r) the secretaries at home should encourage the missionaries

1':DINBURGH MISSIONARY CONF1':RENCE

to counsel more with the native workers; pils to Christ; otherwise they will lack (2) we should teach the Church in the moral strength and courage.-REv. WM. mission field that we depend on them; GOUDIE, formerly of India. (3) the deputations who visit the field should take more time to consult native Only by their Christian religious influleaders; (4) we must study means of edu- ence can missionary educational institucating native leaders. Men are made by tions be justified. The schools and colleges having responsibility put upon them.- are missionary agencies of the Church. REV. HENRY T. HODGKIN, Friends F. M. S. There is no finer field for making a spiri- tual impression on the youth than in the The Church in the mission field should colleges.-PRINCIPAL MACKICKAN, of Wilnever be put in the position of demanding son College, Bombay. a larger share in its own government. Much misunderstanding and friction will Education must be thoroughly Chrisbe averted by taking the native pastors tian or it is a failure. Missionaries can into conference on financial matters. not afford to do only the work of Gov- They will see that there is financial pres- ernment schools. The effect of secular sure and will be more. sympathetic.- education alone is agnosticism or infidel- BISHOP ROBINSON. ity. No man honors another's faith who does not frankly avow his own. The The importance of training native chief duty of Christian educationalists is workers and encouraging all Chris- not the leavening of the non-Christian tians to do evangelistic work was population, but the development of effistrongly emphasized. Dr. George cient Christian leaders.-REv. STEPHEN S.- Heber Jones, of Korea, reported that THOMAS, of Delhi. the remarkable growth in that land was due to the activity of the main Rev. W. H. T. Gairdner, of Cairo, body of membership, and to the fact asked that an official representation be that the Church regards prayer as a made to the British Government primary method of work. In one region against their opposition to Christian in Korea the Christians gave 6,700 missions in northern Nigeria, Hausadays in one year for evangelistic work, land and the Sudan. and the total amount of time given by all Christians was equal to the services "Christian missionary educational of one man for 300 years. institutions have done more to solve the Far Eastern Question in Turkey," Miaaionary Education said Dr. F. E. Hoskins, of Beirut, "than all the gunboats that have ever "The Christian educator is the great sailed through the Straits of Gibralfactor in the Far East," said Bishop Gore, of Birmingham, chairman of tar." Commission No. III. There is need of a great deal more coordination A most pressing need on the mission and planning as to the places in which fields is a superintendent of education to schools and colleges are needed. keep the work up to a high standard, and at the same time to preserve a Christian, Where missionary educators do not spiritual atmosphere.-REv. R. ]. DAVIDknow the language of the people, they are SON, of China. bound to lose in sympathetic touch with their pupils. They do not understand We need two things-cooperation or their thought and are unable to interpret union in educational work and greater truth to them. It is most important that efficiency in teaching and methods.-DR. all teachers in mission schools be Chris- PAUL D. BERGEN, of China. tian, and make an effort to lead their pu- It costs from ten to fifteen times as much to educate a boy in America as it does in China.-HoN. WILLIAM JEN- NINGS BRYAN.

The Miaaionary Measage trine of Confucius, that man's sufficiency is in himself. Consequently the Chinese "The most important point to re- are not willing to come as helpless member in taking the gospel to non- failures asking God for forgiveness and Christian peoples is that their hearts must be changed," said Dr. J. R. Col- power.-DR, J. CAMPBELL GIBSON, of Swalenbach, of Holland. tow. No missionary should go among ani- The Chinese are more responsive to mistic peoples-or any other-unless he has a Christian message that he can spiritual truth than we are. We must deliver with dogmatic certainty. A mis- teach them the spiritual truths of Chrissionary without a definite message from tianity. – DR. ARTHUR H. SMITH, of God is a fraud.-REV. C. H. MONAHAN, Peking. of India. One of the greatest hindrances to the Cannibals and murderers at first ridi- progress of Christianity is that students cule the idea of God's love. They do who go to the West to study return and not acknowledge that they have done say that America and England do not wrong, but the idea that appeals to them themselves practise Christianity, and that is the hope of everlasting life. – DR. teachers in Christian institutions are JOHANNES WARNECK, of the Rhenish Mis- not able to agree on the solutions to sionary Society. their problems.-DR. GEO. HEBER JONES, of Korea. In speaking of the missionaries' message to China, Rev. L. 1. Lloyd, of President Harada, of Doshisha Uni- Fuchau, said that the doctrine of the versity, Tokyo, said that the appeal to Fatherhood of God appeals especially Japanese should be made on (r) John to them because of their reverence for 3: r6-the love of God; (2) on the ancestors and their ideal of filial piety. character of Jesus Christ-as they are They find no difficulty in believing the naturally hero-worshipers; (3) on the doctrine of the atonement. The Chi- Christian life as lived in Christian nese need a revealed gospel, not a gos- homes, and (4) on the fact that they pel of peradventure or perhaps; they can be both loyal Christians and loyal need a definite divine gospel preached Japanese. with a certainty. Few educated Japanese are now de- The Chinese Christians should be voted to their old faiths, but a teacher trained to teach in missioll schools. Too must know as much as possible about many non-Christian teachers are now historic and present-day Buddhism. used. They can 110t give the missionary There are four great difficulties in mismessage.-DONG KING-EN, of China. sionary work in Japan: (1) The supposed conflict between patriotism and Chris- We must teach the Chinese the mean- tianity; but this has been overcome by ing of sin. They have no word for that the example of Christian soldiers. in their language. They respond to the truth when they understand it. No (2) The supposed inability of Chrisnaturalistic religion has dared to hope tian philosophy to solve problems better that God will forgive sinners. This is than Buddhism-this has been met by a new idea to pagan thought. The an- the testimony of modern men. cient idea of God in China was a magnificent conception. We need not preach (3) The supposed femininity of Chrisa foreign deity, but one whom their tianity-this has been disproved by the fathers worshiped. They do not under- heroic character of Paul and. of such stand or worship God aright. The great- men as Livingstone, Gladstone and est" hindrance in China is not idolatry, Roosevelt. Buddhism or Taoism, but it is the doc- (4) The supposed necessity of ascri- bing to difficult doctrines-this is met by holding up Jesus Christ and teaching them that Christianity is, first of all, re-

EDINBURGH MISSIONARY

lations hip to Him.~GALEN M. FISHER, of In dealing with Hindu inquirers we Tokyo. should be ready to acknowledge all that is good in Hinduism. The Hindu mind In speaking of the appeal to Mos- can not readily accept the doctrine of lems, Rev. W. H. T. Gairdner, of salvation by grace. They believe man Cairo, said that we should more often must suffer the consequences of his sin, applaud their monotheism, should in- but when they understand the meaning sist that they go with us step by step of the verse, "As in Adam all die, so in not by leaps and jumps, that we may Christ shall all be made alive," then the show them their wrong beliefs and difficulty is removed.~DR. K. C. CHATpractises, and bring them to believe in TERJ!, of India. the revelation of the gospels because they believe in the Koran. 'vVe must There is a growing desire for the give more fresh thought to the doc- Christ ideal in India, and the revelation trine of the trinity-their great stum- of Christ is what must transform Indian bling-block. thought and life. A Brahman gentleman said recently that the highest ideal India The emphasis should not be on the has ever seen is Jesus Christ on the issues between Moslem and Christian cross.-DR. ]. P. JONES, of India. doctrine, but on the issues between Moslem life and Christ. (1) They can not under- Christianity must be constructive, not stand the fatherhood of God; (2) They merely destructive.~CANoN C. H. ROBINdeny the incarnation; and (3-) the inspira- SON, of the S. P. G. tion of the Bible and the Deity of Christ. The greatest difficulty is, however, that We all agree on the following we, as Christians, are disputing about points said Robert E. Speer in closing: the same doctrines that they deny. ~ S. M. ZWEMER. ( I) Christianity is the final and ab- solute religion, therefore we may fear- The greatest mistake would be to try lessly take the most generous attitude to accommodate Christian truth to Mos- toward non-Christian religions and aclem error.-DR. LEPSIUS, Director of the knowledge their best points. We can German Orient Mission. compare the best in Christianity with the best in other religions, and may "The mIssIonary message best expose our religion to the most careadapted to the Hindu mind," said Rev. ful examination by the heathen. G. E. Phillips, of Madras, "is the old gospel. This does not mean simply de- (2) The question is not so much nouncing idolatry as foolish and sin- what we believe as how we shall bring ful, and proclaiming that those who the world to believe the final and absobelieve in Christ go to heaven, and lute religion. We want to convert the those who do not believe go to hell. most earnest adherents of non-Chris- It means that we must know the Hindu tian religions, and mllst give them our mind and beliefs, and start from the strongest message and arguments. best in their religion to show them the way to God. The Hindu instinct for (3) By the study of non-Christian idolatry is answered in the worship of religions we enrich our own by dis- Jesus Christ who is the image of God." covering truths in Christianity we had never seen there before. The Hindus are not converted by argument but by the power of the Holy (4) Only a world-conquering gos- Spirit. The supreme duty of the Chris- pel can conquer any part of the world. tian Church is to pray for this power.~ The great problems of life can only be REV. W. A. MANSELL, of India. solved by the application of the gospel to the whole life of man.

(:;) For the empowering of the mes-

sage we need the enriching of the schools and revived ancient Moslem rites Christian life of the Church at home. and customs. The people see that the We carry to others no real message, government favors Islam also in that all but the message we know by expe- the government road-making has been rience. Once again the Church is given into the hands of Moslem chiefs, facing the full measure of her duty. not to pagans or Christians. The people From whence is to come the power by think that Great Britain has no use which we may hope to win the world for Christianity. In spite of this favorit- -by applying the whole gospel to the ism all the political troubles in Nigeria whole life of the world-social, politi- and Egypt come from the Moslems-no cal, moral and religious. wars have been caused by Christian mis- sions.-REv. TOM JAYS, formerly of West Mi••ions and Governments Africa.

"Christian governments," said Col. The Swiss missionaries have no trouble Robert Williams, of the C. M. S., with the government in their fields be- "should remember that they are Chris- cause they observe the laws and accept tian first and administrators of govern- the government program and have no ment second. Vie are always safer- political power behind them.-Rev. ARTHUR in Egypt or elsewhere-if we do our GRANDJEAN, Secretary of the Swiss Misduty to God and to man, than if we sion Romande. neglect it. Our position as Christian nations and leaders in the world is The Norwegian missionaries are taught largely due to the fact that we have the to speak respectfully of governments, and open Bible. Mohammedan Emirs they succeed in gaining official sympathy should not be able to stop our Chris- by approaching government officers as tian missionaries from going where tho these officials were ready to do the they ought to go." right and helpful thing and grant what the missionaries want-even tho the mis- Native leaders in India appreciate and sionaries have some misgivings about their respect those who do not shirk their duty willingness.-Rev. L. DAHLE, of Norway. or deny their faith. . . . The strength of Christian missions lies in their volun- Missionaries and secretaries should not tary character. If missionaries were first voice their grievances in the press looked upon as government servants their and public meetings, but should present cause would be greatly weakened. . . . them to the government through the We should have a central representative home board. – HERR BERNER, Private board that can enter into negotiations Counsellor of the German Colonial Govwith governments on all great questions ernment in Missionary Affairs. affecting missions. It is most important that governments be in harmony with It is as much the responsibility of the the missionaries.-Lord REAY, of London. Christian government to promote public morals as it is of the Christian Church Missionaries should not depend on -this applies to opium, liquor, slavery their governments or they will show they and vice, and the time has come when do not depend on God. . . . Mission- the sale of morphia and cocaine also aries should not interfere to protect their should be controlled by governments. converts, but should teach loyalty to There are some mighty questions that government even at a sacrifice.-DR. C. C. could be settled by an international act. WANG, of Shanghai. – BISHOP CHARLES H. BRENT, of the Philippines In northern Nigeria the English Government shows partiality in favor of The British Government still some- Islam. They have opened Moslem times npholds the traffic in strong drink. One chief was deposed in Africa for advising the people not to buy gin. The government also accepts the payment of fines and fees in gin.-DR. CHARLES F. HARFORD, of London.

EmN13URGH MISSIONARY

In Egypt and the Sudan the British presentation of the report of King disregard the Christian Sabbath and ob- Leopold's own commission. serv~ the Mohammedan Friday, which In one missionary's diary were reis to them, not a holy day, but a holiday. corded 1,000 cases of inhuman cruelty. The missionaries are interested in this One official boasted to a missionary, question because (I) of the inhuman- ,saying; "You might as well give it up; ity prevailing and their desire to help; (2) because missionary work has been we make ten Mohammedans to your one hindered and property-rights denied. The proposed reforms are inadequate Christian. The British govern- and their adoption too long postponed.

ment is in danger when they give up one Closer cooperation is desirable be- tween the missionaries in the field and iota of their Christianity. . . . The Gor- the people at home. Trade does not know sympathy or pity. We must come don Memorial College at Khartum ought to the missionary idea for the moral motive and Christian ideals. . . . The to be Christian but it is Mohammedan. friends of missions should give their governments no peace until the needed The Koran is studied four years, but the reforms are effected. Definite instances Bible not at all.-REv. J. KELLEY GRIFFIN, should be quoted with full details, not general accusations. We need a perma- D.D., of the Sudan. nent committee to represent the world- wide work. We need a settled policy in The American nation is interested in our treatment of these questions.-LoRD five propositions; BALFOUR, of Burleigh.

(1) The duty of Christian nations to Coeperation and Unity help forward the educational and moral Sir Andrew Fraser, chairman of development of non-Christian peoples. Commission VIII, opened the discus- sion by saying that the task of winning (2) Christian governments help or the world to Christ can not be per- formed by a dividt:d Christendom. The hinder mi3sionaries in proportion as they loss of energy through divided ef- fort greatly retards the work. There' deal justly with foreigners in their own is to-day a general call for unity from the mission fields, but opposijurisdiction. tion often comes from the societies at (3) Nations must deal justly with each home.

other. In West China considerable progress (4) The influence of governments toward unity has been made in the three provinces containing 80,000,000 people. (1) should always be on the side of the Nine church organizations have formed an advisory board which meets annually; highest and best. They should throw their (2) There has been a division of the influence on the side of temperance. field so that there is no overlapping; (3) There is much union in educational (5) Christian nations should stand as work-a common course of study, a one in behalf of peace-especially with union board of examiners, a common certificate; (4) There is a union uni, each other. They should at least investi- versity, with normal, medical and arts gate and report to an international tribunal before the guns begin to fire. Differences should be settled by right and reason, not by the sword and gun- boat.-HoN. WM. JENNINGS BRYAN.

It is the general view among mission- aries that they should not accept com- pensation from non-Christian nations for loss of life due to riots or murders.- WALTER B. SLOAN, of the C. I. M.

As long as a judge in China is subject to the intervention of foreigners in re- lation to questions among natives, so long will the Chinese be opposed to for- eigners.-JoHN Ross, D.D., of Manchuria.

In discussing the inhumanities of Belgium in the Kongo State, Dr. T. S. Barbour, of the American Baptist M. S., said that there was no doubt possible as to these cruelties, since the

courses-representing four missions; (5) Four other reasons: (1) The saving in There is an exchange of doctors; (6) money; (2) The better division of labor; A mission press doing work for all; (7) (3) The gain in efficiency; (4) The re- A nnion Christian magazine in Chinese; sulting advance in the Kingdom.-REv. (8) A union hymnal; (9) A free inter- G. CURRIE MARTIN, of the L. M. S. change of members; (10) a standing com- mittee on union. The aim is one Chris- We may be loyal to the things that tian Church for China.-DR. O. L. KIL- divide us and yet loyal to those that BORN, of Chengtu, West China. unite us.-THE BISHOP OF SOUTHWARK.

Without adding a man to our force we There is no reason why we should recould double our efficiency by closer produce on the foreign fields the bad cooperation. The first necessity is a state of things at home. Some time ago proper division of the field. Uganda is some missionaries decided on a joint a good example of what may be done. catechism-putting within the body of the Second, we need a free interchange of book the points of agreement and in the full members.-REv. E. W. BURT, of Shan- appendix the points of difference. When tung. the work was accomplished all were struck by the strength of the body of The four Presbyterian and two Meth- the text and the weakness of the apodist missions in Korea-four-fifths of pendix-why not follow the example of the Protestant forces-have satisfactorily modern science and cut out the appendix! divided the territory so that there is no overlapping and no wasted energy. They -REV. ARTHUR J. BROWN, D.D. are now planning a Union Christian University-all have joined except the Angli- The constituency at home desire unity cans.-BISHOP M. C. HARRIS., of Japan and ilnd cooperation. Such a plan in Canada Korea. has had the unanimous approval of the Presbyterians, Methodists, Congregation- The unity of the Christian Church in alists and Baptists. We can appeal to China occupies a leading place in the men to push a united work in the world, hearts of the Chinese Christian leaders. but not to perpetuate competing denomi- We hope to see a Chinese Christian nations. – N. W. ROWELL, ESQ., of Church without denominational distinc- Toronto. tion. (1) Denominations do not interest the Chinese mind. We can not defend We need a Union Committee: (I) For them before the heathen. (2) It is possi- a continued close study of the subjects ble. The difficulties are raised more by presented by these commissions. (2) the West than by the East. (3) It is That we may come to know each other desirable, especially in China, where unity better, continue in fellowship and avoid is loved in nation and family and re- friction. (3) So that the great societies ligion. (4) Now is the time to effect may help the smaller ones in dealing with union in the days of laying the founda- the governments. (4) That in building tions. (5) It is an ideal of Christ to have the great church each workman may his Church one. (6) We are not re- build with reference to the work of his sponsible for a lasting union but for our neighbor.-DR. JULIUS RICHTER, of Gerown actions. (7) This conference should many. recommend that the Continuation Committee investigate and report, after obtaining We desire not a unit, but a unity. We a full and free expression from the Chi- have seen in this conference the divine nese.-CHENG CHING-YI, of China. blessing in many different policies where there has been a loyalty to Jesus Christ There are three reasons why we should and dependence on the power of the unite: (1) The forces against us; (2) Holy Spirit.-BISHOP GORE, of Birming- That the world may believe; (3) The ham. ideal of Christ.-FEv. S. S. THOMAS, of India. There is an advantage in the emphasis on the different aspects of truth commit- ted to different denominations. We can't have too much Christian spirit, but we can have too much of the spirit of the

THE EDINBURGH MISSIONARY CONFERENCE

drill-sergeant. In our work for unity- mission field. Many have failed belike taking honey away from bees-it is cause they were unprepared in everyadvisable to go slowly.-LoRD WlLLIAM thing except a spirit of love. The GASCOYNE-CECIL. British Government is planning to found a special school for its foreign I feel like a lion in the den of many official and commercial agents; why Daniels-so if I must needs roar I will should not the Church have such a roar lovingly. Do not dilute your be- school also? .Na ordained man should liefs. It is not our differences that matter be placed in charge of a mission school so much as the spirit in which they are or college who has not been given voiced. The age of scoffing at each special training in the science and art other's differences is past.-BISHOP H. H. of teaching. MONTGOMERY, of the S. P. G. Women need special preparation as mis- We have unity, we do not wish uni- sionaries quite as much as men. They are formity. We may want intercommunity, often the greatest force in training of the but union is the only thing worth seeking.- young and in elevating the home in non- DR. EUGENE STOCK, of the C. M. S. Christian lands. The awakening of the women of the East is one of the great Preparation of Misaionaries hopeful signs of progress.-Mrs. CREIGH- TON, of the S. P. G. It is difficult to overestimate the importance of adequate preparation While emphasis is rightly placed on the on the part of those who go out to need for thorough intellectual equipment represent Christ in foreign fields. and training, yet a Christlike character and While spiritual equipment is most the indwelling of the Holy Spirit is the necessary and may, in exceptional greatest source of power.-Rev. D. H. D. cases, even make up for lack in men- VILKINSON, of the C. M. S. tal, physical, and other practical training, there is no doubt but that a If my son were planning to enter upon man's or woman's usefulness is vastly missionary work I should say to him: Be increased by a thoroughly and spe- sure you know your Master; be sure you cially trained mind in a strong body. know your Bible; be sure you know what the love of Christ is and that you have ex- Rev. W. Douglas Mackenzie, D.D., perienced this, and have it in your own president of Hartford Theological Seminary, the chairman of Commis- heart.-Bishop J. M. THOBURN, of India. sion No. V, opened the discussion by saying that the gift of millions of dol- While we need to have a lofty standard lars, the prayers of the whole church in the selection of missionaries, we do not and the enlisting of thousands of vol- want the candidates who have the highest unteers were not sufficient to convert ideas of their own fitness. Those who the world. These volunteers need to feel fit are usually unfit. We need men of be trained for their task-trained in sympathy and ideals and consecration even a knowledge of the gospel and how to more than men of great intellectual power. present it; trained in ability to help -Bishop RIDLEY, of the C. M. S. the people to establish churches and educate the future leaders; trained to We need a central bureau for the refill the needs of the particular station cruiting of missionary teachers. By this and work to which each is assigned. means trained men and women could be No man or woman can be too capable put into touch with missionary schools and or too well trained to send into the colleges where their help is needed.-Rev. R. H. DYKES, of Basutoland.

There is danger lest individual mission- aries undertake to do too many forms of work. Each missionary stould give atten- tion particularly to that form of work for

which he or she is best adapted and called spirituality. The great call is for individual of God.~Pril1cipal MILLER, of Madras. and corporate sacrifice. One church set a noble example by sending their curate to The study of the native languages is the front and promising to support him most important and they can only be learned there.~Rev. CECIL BARDSLEY, of the C. from the people themselves. We ought to M. S. have interdenominational language schools ill each country, where young missionaries We must seek to reach and teach the could have at least two years' uninterrupted general public in regard to missions by the study.–Rev. A. B. LEONARD, D D., Meth- use of the daily press. We need a national odist Episcopal M. S. and an international press bureau of mis- sions~not for propaganda but for facts. The Home Base Missionary societies ought to be ready to have the truth told even when it is un- Dr. James L. Barton, of Boston, the pleasant.~W. T. ELLIS, of Philadelphia. chairman of Commission No. VI, opened the discussion by calling at- To secure missionary recruits we need tention to the fact that the resources (I) to convince young people of the need, of the Church are both physical and (2) to show them their ability by God's spiritual and that neither must be help to meet the need, and (3) to awaken neglected. A great field for develop- their loyalty to Christ and His cause. Mis- sion study does not always deepen loyalty. ment at home is the non-contributing We need also a spiritual awakening.- members and churches. In America ROBERT P. WILDER.

one-tenth of the church-members give The Moravian Church has been greatly nine-tenths of the support. Eleven blest in their missionary work. They have dollars is spent on work at home for three times the membership on the foreign each sixty cents that is given to work field that they have at home.~Bishop LA abroad. Some churches pride them- TROBE. selves in being self-supporting when it is as ridiculous as it is fOT one who The reasons why the Student Volunteer keeps poultry to rejoIce that his Movement does not produce more mis- chickens are self-supporting because sionaries is because (r) the pull of the they are eating their own eggs. churches, of professors, of fathers and mothers is against the young people going There are some great needs in the to the foreign field; (2) men and women take too long before they decide what their Church at home to-day. (I) We life work will be; (3) the announcement that mission boards must retrench stops need a change of curriculum in uni- the coming of candidates; (4) there is not versities and colleges to include in- close enough cooperation between the vol- struction in the great problems of unteer movement and mission boards. -TISSrNGTON TATLOw, of the Student Volmissions. (2) We need missionary unteer Movement.

courses in our theological schools. There are three vital secrets of an ade- quate supply of workers: (r) Prayer; (2) (3) We need to realize that the personal effort and readiness to sacrifice, and (3) appeals to the highest motives of Church at home is dependent for its obedience, love, and duty, not on socialistic continuance on the fidelity to the work and philanthropic grounds.-Dr. SAMUEL of extending the Kingdom of Christ M. ZWEMER. throughout the world. Each church should have a live mission- It is wrong for a consecrated man or a ary committee. They should work until consecrated church to be extravagant or each member is giving, praying and study~ careless in the use of money. It is wrong ing systematically. This will strengthen for churches to compete in attractiveness the missions, the churches and the indiof music or in size of congregations. They vidual-Christians.-Hon. SAMUEL B. CAPEN. .should compete in consecration and

EDINBURGH MISSIONARY

The apportionment plan for churches has to a close scrutiny of the ways in which greatly increased gifts. We must set a we may best utilize the existing forces of goal before us, appeal to the heroic element missionary enterprise by unifying and conin men and economize our administration solidating existing agencies, by improving expenses.-Rev. CORNELIUS H. PATTON. their administration and the training of their agents. We have done everything We need more religion in business as within our power in the interest of economy well as more business in religion. It is and efficiency; and in this endeavor we as much a Christian duty to make and give have reached a greater unity of common money as faithful stewards as it is to action than has been attained in the Chrispreach and to pray. To pray and not work tian Church for centuries. is an insult to God.-ALFRED E. MARLING, of New York. But it has become increasingly clear to us that we need something far greater than Messages of the Conference can be reached by any economy or reor- ganization of the existing forces. We need In addition to numerous replies to supremely a deeper sense of responsibility those who had sent greetings to the to Almighty God for the great trust which Conference, the following message He has committed to us in the evangelizawas sent to the members of the Chris- tion of the world. That trust is not comtian Church in Christian lands: mitted in any peculiar way to our mis- sionaries, or to societies, or to us as mem· DEAR BRETHREN OF THE CHRISTIAN CHURCH: bers of this conference. It is committed We members of the World Missionary to all and each within the Christian family; and it is as incumbent on every member of Conference assembled in Edinburgh desire the Church as are the elementary virtues to send you a message which lies very near of the Christian life-faith, hope and love. to our hearts. During the past ten days That which makes a man a Christian makes we have been engaged in a close and con- him also a sharer in this trust. This printinuous study of the position of Chris- ciple is admitted by us an, but we need to tianity in non-Christian lands. In this be aroused to carry it out in quite a new study we have surveyed the field of mis- degree. Just as a great national danger sionary operation and the forces that are demands a new standard of patriotism and available for its occupation. For two years service from every citizen, so the present we have been gathering expert testimony condition of the world and the missionary about every department of Christian mis- task demands from every Christian, and sions, and this testimony has brought home from every congregation, a change in the to our entire conference certain conclusions existing scale of missionary zeal and which we desire to set forth. service, and the elevation of our spiritual ideal. Our survey has imprest upon us the momentous character of the present hour. The old scale and the old ideal were We have heard from many quarters of the framed in view of a state of the world awakening of great nations, of the opening which has ceased to exist. They are no of long-closed doors, and of movements longer adequate for the new world which which are placing all at once before the is arising out of the ruins of the old. Church a new world to be won for Christ. The next ten years will in all probability It is not only of the individual or the constitute a turning-point in human history, congregation that this new spirit is deand may be of more critical importance in manded. There is an imperative spiritual determining the spiritual evolution of man- demand that national life and influence as kind than many centuries of ordinary ex- a whole be Christianized; so that the entire perience. If those years are wasted havoc impact, commercial and political, now of may be wrought that centuries are not able the West upon the East, and now of the to repair. On the other hand, if they are stronger races upon the weaker, may conrightly used they may be among the most firm, and not impair, the message of the glorious in Christian history. missionary enterprise.

We have therefore devoted much time The providence of God has led us all

into a new world of opportunity of danger wherein the Christian Church is being and of duty. tried.

God is demanding of us all a new order Accept our profound and loving symof life, of a more arduous and self-sac- pathy, and be assured of our confident rificing nature than the old. But if, as we hope that God will bring you out of your believe, the way of duty is the way of fiery trial as a finely-tempered weapon revelation, there is certainly implied, in which can accomplish His work in the conthis imperative call of duty, a latent as- version of your fellow countrymen. It is surance that God is greater, more loving, you alone who can ultimately finish thIS nearer and more available for our help work; the word that under God convinces and comfort than any man has dreamed. your own people must be your word; and Assuredly, then, we are called to make the life which will win them for Christ must new discoveries of the grace and power of be the life of holiness and moral power, God, for ourselves, for the Church, and for as set forth by you who are men of their the world; and, in the strength of that own race. But we rejoice to be fellowfirmer and bolder faith in Him, to face the helpers with you in the work, and to know new age and the new task with a new con- that you are being more and more emsecration. powered by God's grace to take the burden of it upon your own shoulders. Take up The following message was also that responsibility with increasing eager- ness, dear brethren, and secure from God sent to the members of the Christian the power to carry through the task; then we may see great marvels wrought beneath Church in non-Christian lands: our own eyes.

DEAR BRETHREN IN CHRIST: Meanwhile, we rejoice also to be learn- ing much ourselves from the great peoples We desire to send you greeting in the whom our Lord is now drawing to Him- Lord from the World Missionary Con- self; and we look for a richer faith to ference gathered in Edinburgh. For ten result for all from the gathering of the days we have been associated in prayer, nations in Him. deliberation, and the study of missionary problems, with the supreme purpose of There is much else in our hearts that we making the work of Christ in non-Chris- should be glad to say, but we must contian lands more effective, and throughout fine ourselves to one further matter, and the discussions our hearts have gone forth that the most vital of all. to you in fellowship and love. A strong cooperation in prayer binds to- Many causes of thanksgiving have arisen gether in one all the empire of Christ. as we have consulted together, with the Pray, therefore, for us, the Christian comwhole of the mission field clear in view. munities in home lands, as we pray for But nothing has caused more joy than the you; remember our difficulties before God witness borne from all quarters as to the as we remember yours, that He may grant steady growth in numbers, zeal, and power to each of us the help that we need, and to of the rising Christian Church in newly- both of us together that fellowship in the awakening lands. None have been more body of Christ which is according to His helpful in our deliberations than members blest will. from your own churches. We thank God for the spirit of evangelistic energy which We advise everyone who canpossiyou are showing, and for the victories that are being won thereby. We thank God for bly clo so to buy the statistical atlas the longing after unity which is so prominent among you and is one of our own prepared by Dr. H. P. Beach and Dr. deepest longings to-day. Our hearts are filled with gratitude for all the inspiration James S. Dennis, and the nine volumes that your example has brought to us in our home-lands. This example is all the which will include the reports of the more inspiring because of the special difficulties that beset the glorious position which eight commissions and the discussions you hold in the hottest part of the furnace at the Conference. (Write to William Henry Grant, Esq., 156 Fifth Ave., New York.)

RELIGIOUS SITUATION IN RUSSIA FIVE

AFTER THE MANIFESTO BY A RUSSIAN RESIDENT OF ST. PETERSBURG "What is the present-day religious who change their religion? Who is to situation in Russia?" is a question that be responsible to the Government may well be asked. Have the prin- for new religious communities? How ciples of religious freedom, promised are births and deaths to be registered?

by the Emperor's manifesto of Octo- If new churches may be formed for re- ber 30, 1905, really been put into prac- ligious exercises, does that include the tise, or do they remain a dead letter? right of propaganda? What is one to Has the situation changed or is it understand by propaganda? If you about the same as before? are allowed to proselytize among the Is it true that the reactionary move- heathen or Mohammedans, should ment is growing in strength? What proselytizing among the members of religious liberties practically exist? the "dominant" Greek Orthodox Can one really leave the Russian Church, whose head is the Emperor, Church to enter another? Can Rus- be tolerated? In the working out of an sians form new independent churches? application of this legislation the more Is the evangelical movement grow- liberal or conservative views of legis- ing? lators will have a wide opportunity for Would foreign missionary societies expressIOn.

have any chance of starting missionary Certainly a great step forward has work among orthodox Russians, or been taken by the grant of a normal among Russia's Jewish, Mohammedan statute which gives rules for the for- or pagan population? mation of dissenting churches-those Does the Greek Orthodox Church who have separated themselves from show any signs of an inner revival or the orthodox Church. This statute has hope of reform? been in force for some years, and, as What is the attitude of the Russian a result, Russian free churches, most- people at present toward religion? ly of the Baptist type, have been There is no doubt whatever that a formed and are being formed, un- great change for the better has taken hindered, both in towns and villages in place. The principles of religious free- various parts of Russia and western dom have been officially proclaimed, Siberia. Some time ago the Meth- and, however much their application odists began work in St. Petersburg may be restricted, they can not be and, by complying with these rules, ignored or abrogated. The difficulty they have not met with much opposi- just now lies in the application of tion. There is no reason why another these principles to the endless details Church should not do the same. J ew- of practical life, and here legislation ish proselytes, however, who wanted must work out a new code of laws and to form a Christian Church of their regulations. You may now, for ex- own, have rn'et with difficulties, because ample, quit one Church for another, they do not come under the literal but may you become a heathen, or be- wording of "Dissenters from the long to no Church whatever? What orthodox Church," for which this is the status of the children of parents statute was given. The Salvation

Army has been denied admission be- is outside our theme. It is to be recause it is not a Church and because gretted that a stoppage in the reit obeys a foreign director. religious legislative work of the Duma has taken place. This is partly due to In the towns these evangelical party policy within the Duma, partiy churches meet with no persecution so to higher influences. Even if good, long as they adhere to the rules; but liberal regulations were to be passed in the country districts, where there is by the Duma, it is not at all certain more scope for the arbitrary temper of that they will be passed by the Council the local priest and police officer, many of the Empire (our House of Lords) painful annoyances and persecutions or by the Emperor. are still taking place. We must not forget that most of the towns and a Ve feel a strong reactionary ingreat part of the country are still un- fluence from the Greek Church. der martial law, which gives the gov- Autocracy sides with orthodoxy, and ernors and police-masters discretion- vice versa. The constitution of 1905 ary powers. In Odessa, 200 Baptists came as an unexpected sho.ck to them were arrested a year ago for having a both; the orthodox Church lost the picnic just outside the town, without quite exclusive position it had always giving notice to the police. Until all had and is now trying to regain the the possible details are worked out, lost ground. As soon as religious very much will always depend on the liberty was proclaimed 200.,000. or mood of the local officials. more members of the Greek Orthodox Church passed over to the Roman The Right to Proselytize Catholic Church, about IO,OOO to Protestant churches, about 50.,000 re- Some points of the greatest im- lapsed into Mohammedanism, quite a portance have not yet been worked number returned to Judaism and some out at all by the Duma-for example, to paganism. Of course, they only bethe question of the right to proselytize came openly what they had been in among members of the Greek Ortho- secret; but altho this movement has dox Church. If this is forbidden, then now greatly decreased it gave a great no end of persecution will again result, shock to the "dominant" Church. A because any evangelical sermon can "missionary" conference of the leading be brought under this heading. Then, Greek churchmen was held in Kieff ecclesiastical censorship will again be in the summer of 1908, and a number introduced, because you can prosely- of "salutary restrictive measures" tize in print as well as by speech. At were put before the not unwilling govpresent we are able to print whatever ernment. we like on condition of first presenting eight or nine copies of every booklet to Tho the bill of religious liberty will the press authorities. If within a short certainly be passed by the Duma term the edition is not confiscated, it sooner or later, in one form or is considered permitted. The daily another, we can not yet say what will press is under worse rules, and where be officially permitted and what not. martial l;;tw is in force the police-mas- As long as the bill has not been passed, ters can fine any paper ad libitttm, in all doubtful cases the former reguwithout any judicial decision-but this latians are considered still to hold

19IO] tHE RELIGIOUS SITUATION IN

good. It is more than probable that declension is taking place from a foreign missionary societies' will soon formal religiousness toward infidelity be permitted to work among Jews, with its usual consequences. On the Mohammedans and heathen, but at other hand, we see, especially among present, in accordance with former the younger generation, a seeking rules, this is considered to be a mo- after God, or, at least, after something nopoly of the Greek Church. (In to satisfy a hungry soul-as never be- R~ssia all that is not "permitted" is fore, and whenever the gospel is supposed to be "forbidden"-not vice preached, crowds gather to hear, both versa. ) As to the right to proselytize in towns and villages. All the preachamong bona-fide Russians we do not ers confirm this. Russians are natuknow which way the scales will turn. rally a religious people. We also see Most likely some kind of compromise spontaneous religious movements will be found. Itinerant gospel preach- among the lower classes. Usually they ing still meets with hindrances in some soon degenerate for lack of guidance. places and not in others, just as it Not long ago two working men began suits the "views" of the local officials to speak in a homely way against drink and their comprehension of religious and immorality and to explain the gosfreedom. pel as well as they could. They now have a congregation of about 20,000 Speaking of the attitude of the Rus- followers in Moscow, who have built sian people toward religion, one can them a house and are ready to worship say that the "upper ten thousand" have there. The Church has excommuniusually a certain religious varnish, cated them for having spoken against which is mostly just skin-deep and the clergy. rarely tells on life. The educated middle classes to a great extent con- Even among the I03,000 men and sider Christianity to be a superstition women students of Russia there are of the past, and if they still adhere to openings as never before for a Chriscertain forms it is more out of custom tian student movement on interdeor national feeling than out of con- nominational lines. viction. The merchant class is, as a rule, very bigoted, ignorant, and un- New Life in Dry Bones scrupulous. The factory working men are to a great extent tainted with so- It is interesting to see the work of cialism and its atheistic principles. the spirit of God producing new life These doctrines are, unfortunately, in dry bones. The Lutheran Church, rapidly invading the bulk of the popu- formerly "high and dry" and narrowlation-the younger generation of the minded, has seen during the revolution peasantry, too. Infidel literature is of 1905-06 how little hold it had on being widely circulated among a popu- the peasantry in the Baltic provinces, lation not yet prepared to doubt a and has begun to understand the need printed statement. The Church is of the cooperation of laymen. An losing its hold on the people and the inner mission has been founded-a clergy is mostly spoken of with bit- thing unheard of ten years ago. On terness and contempt. the other hand, the German liberal theology is undermining the younger On the whole, in the masses a rapid generation of pastors. The Men-

nonites-German colonists, who have rather narrow. The lack of leaders been in Russia for more than a cen- and of educated workers is greatly felt tury-kept the gospel to themselves and the moral level of the congregaand dried up. Now a religious revival tions is rather unsatisfactory. has entered their midst, and many of them are active in propagating the Jews and Mohammedans gospel in the south of Russia. Changes are also taking place The Molokans-a Russian evangel- among the Jews and Mohammedans. ical sect-founded some 200 years ago, The younger generation of Jews, eshave had the same experience. After pecially those who have had some eduyears of persecution, they were grant- cation, feel that a gulf has formed ited religious freedom in the beginning self between them and the orthodox of the last century; but keeping their fanatical type of Russian Judaism. Bible knowledge to themselves, they "We feel ourselves strangers among lost all spiritual life and became a the Jews as well as among the Chrishard, narrow, dry sect, mostly bent 011 tians," said a young Jewish student hair-splitting theological discussions. not long ago. Practically they have They are to be found as far east as no religion whatever, and are only Blagoveshtshensk on the Amur, in kept together by the spirit of nationaleastern Siberia, in most of the towns ism and by the oppression of the soof central and western Siberia, and called Christian. There is more readiall over eastern and southeastern Rus- ness now among these young Jews sia. Of late genuine revivals have than ever before to listen to the simple sprung up among the younger genera- gospel, as it is preached to them first tion and some have become very ex- by the "Mildmay Mission" or in the cellent evangelists. This Molokan sect halls of the Russian evangelical disis now rapidly crumbling to pieces; senters. Here again God has used inpart of it is becoming truly evangeliul fidelity to break down the walls of and the other part is dissolving into in- dead orthodoxy. fidelity. Some have united with the Baptists, others with the Russian Among the 14,000,000 Mohamme- Presbyterians, and others have formed dans of Russia we can also observe new congregations of their own. This the beginnings of great changes. The is especially the case in Samara. It Mullahs complain that their congrewould seem as if God had allowed this gations are taking to drink and rereligious community with its valuable laxing in their religious duties. Bible knowledge to remain in a pet- Among the more civilized class, a rified condition for a century, to use thirst for better schools and more eduthem now, when God's time has come. cation is spreading rapidly, and a Mo- The bulk of the evangelical dissenters hammedan reform party is developing is at present formed by the Baptists after the pattern of the Young Turks, and the so-called "Evangelical Chris- with a strong Pan-Islamic conscioustians," which do not differ much from ness. Education will ultimately undereach other in doctrine but only in mine their fanaticism and, maybe, church government. Both are active break their strength. The bulk of the in preaching the gospel, but both are Tatars is, however, as yet untouched by this movement, and is as fanatical

19IO] THE RELIGIOUS SITUATION IN RUSSIA 66g

as ever. In eastern Russia they are l11unicated by the Pope. Now it has actively proselytizing among the formed itself into a separate body, on heathen and nominally Christian tribes the lines of the Old Catholics, has a with much success. Unless something bishop of its own, and has about 200,- is done to counteract this movement, 000 adherents. the 100,000 heathen Votiak, Vogul, Tsheremiss and others, west of the The Greek Orthodox Church Ural Mountains, will within ten years all have become Mohammedans. Of What shall we say about the "domlate several cases have happened in the inant" Greek Orthodox Church in east, when even Russian peasants have Russia? Are there no signs of a embraced Islam. reformation or, at least, of real reform within it? Many devout priests and The Roman Catholic Church is ap- laymen are deploring the dead formalparently preparing in secret a propa- ism of the Church and the autocratic, ganda in Russia on a large scale. oppressive and reactionary govern- New religious currents have also ment of the Holy Synod; but where is shown themselves within this body the spiritual power necessary for the during the last years. Professor birth of the reformation to come from, Luboslavski, in Krakau, has started a so long as the Bible is so little used society called "Eleusis," for the pro- and known? A group of priests in motion of moral culture, and of late it St. Petersburg have formed a society has considerably spread among the for the renovation of the Church, but students of Polish- and Lithuanian- their ideas culminate in changes of speaking districts in southwestern church government rather than in a Russia. It is felt, that to raise the spiritual change. Maybe in time a Polish and Lithuanian nations, it is Greek Orthodox "Free Church" will necessary to raise them morally, and form itself on the lines of the "Old that this can best be attained by a Catholics" in Germany and Austria, spiritual awakening. Students have but even such a movement must spring formed themselves into groups for from spiritual sources. Aspirations studying religious, moral and social for reform are not without serious questions, and some have introduced dangers for a priest, as church disreading the New Testament, too. cipline is very rigid, and the young Ladies have opened their homes to reformer might soon find his zeal shelter young boys-candidates for the cooled in a cloister dungeon. As yet Roman Catholic ministry-from bad no spiritual reform movement within influences, and efforts are made to the Greek Orthodox Church is to be raise the spiritual level of the clergy seen anywhere. and to have the best men appointed to the parish churches. Another move- In Siberia ment, which began with the same object of purifying the Roman Catholic Let us still cast a glance across the Church in western Russia, is the Ural Mountains into Siberia. There Mariavite movement, which soon got live many tribes: the Ostiaks, Yakoots, into collision with the Roman High Tunguzes and others, all nominally Church authorities, and was excom- Ch.ristian, but practically heathen. How much easier mission work must

hc among such trihcs than among op- its mission to Japan, have a deplorahlc posers of Christianity. Round about repntation. the Baikal and eastward of it are the Buddhist Buriats, among whom for- vVhen will the time come when a.• merly a Scotch mission worked. The these Siberian tribes will hear the gos- Kirghizes in southwestern Siberia are pel, which they have never heard in Mohammedans, but genial people and its simplicity and power? God is not fanatical as yet, like the Sarts and doing such marvelous things in other Tatars. The Russian Church is doing parts of the world that we hope a new next to nothing for "Christianizing" time of spiritual activity is at hand all these tribes. A Russian mission to also for Russia, and that He will not Mohammedans has been in existence allow human beings to stand long in for a long time, but with most insig- the way of the furtherance of the nificant results, and Russian missions, gospel. May He· soon open all the in general, with the single exception of doors and send the workers for the needy field of Russia.

THE MULTIPLYING POWER OF A LIFE OF OBEDIENCE * BY BISHOP F. MC DOWELL, D.D., CHICAGO I do always those things which please therefore He can do those things that Him. please Him through me. Unless I thus push my own life up to its highest My meat-the thing I live on-is to do levels God has no fair opportunity to the will of my Father who is in heaven. do anything with it.

Not my will, but Thine be done. In the development of what we call a personality, the philosophers point These are the things that one Per- out that there are four steps. The son has been able to say of Himself. first is self-consciousness. One be- One of those living in the same cen- comes aware of himself as separate tury with Him touched the nerve of from all others, as separate from the the subject in this sentence, "By the world. He becomes aware of himself obedience of One shall many be made as an entity, as a personality; and he righteous." One did it, and the end is says, "1 am." If a man never gets benever to come. yond that, he is a simple egotist. Many a life is spoiled by an exaggerated For the sake of clearness, I mention self-consciousness, and many a life is two or three propositions. First, obe- arrested in its development at that dience to God is man's ~vay of lifting point. his own life to the highest levels of possibility. There is such a thing as a The second stage in the development man's lifting of his own life; there is of a personality is the consciousness of such a thing as a man's own upward power. The individual begins to say, push on his own life that puts his life "1 can." "I can write a letter, I can up to such a level as makes it possible master a problem, I can kick a goal, I for God to do something with it. "I do those things that please Him," and * An address delivered at the Student Volunteer Convention, Rochester, N. Y., January 2, 1910.

Reprinted here by permission of the Student Volunteer Movement.

POWER OF A LIFE OF

can rule the community." If one never stop, and there it can not stop until gets beyond that he becomes a tyrant, the laws of the world are all abrosimply exercising power. gated; for He went on to say, "I lay down my life for the sheep." It is The third stage in the development crowding out in eternal mUltiplication of a personality is the consciousness of until this day. This is the upward obligation which the consciousness of push that a man gives his own life. power brings. Duty shines through one's sense of what he is and can do, In the second place, obedience to the and he says, "I ought. It haunts me highest puts life in harmony with by day and troubles me by night." In those eternal forces that make for this stage he may progress so far as permanence and enjoyment. It is the to say, "I not only ought, but I should house divided against itself that can really like to." This is taking the veil not stand. It is the seed unplanted off many hearts. But many, unless that does not multiply. It is the seed they are fortified by the power of God, planted that links itself with all the go into the world as those who wanted forces of the earth and air and sky and to do and stopt before they did. God life. It is the seed that is planted that must help us to go on. brings forth thirty-, sixty-, an hun- dredfold. It is the single eye that The fourth step in the development sees. It is the one serving one Master of any true personality comes when and not two for whom the stars vie one takes himself and his powers and in their courses. You can do nothing his sense of obligation up into his un- against the truth, but for the truth. conquerable resolution and cries for All things work together for good to time and for eternity, for weal or for people called according to His purwo, "I will." God is standing before pose. Everything cooperates with the you waiting to hear you say that to obedient man. Forces of earth, forces Him and His will for you. of air, forces of sky, forces of right, forces of truth, forces of mercy, forces Or we may approach this goal along of love, forces of goodness all coopertwo paths instead of four. Personality ate with the obedient life. in its first instance is simply self-assertion; and in its second instance is self- In the third place, obedience to God surrender. But in either case it is the puts life into harmony with God so upward push of the man upon his own that He can multiply life. It is not life. merely poetry that declares "one shall chase a thousand." That is truth. It Now let us go back to that supreme is not fiction that declares a larger illustration of it, passing by all im- statement, "two shall put ten thousand perfect illustrations to the one perfect to flight." That is one of the minor case in the person of Jesus Christ. scientific facts of human history. No Listen to the most perfect self-asser- doubt it is true that three could put tion in regard to His own life, "No an unnumbered host to flight, if they man taketh my life from me; I have were all three in right relations with the power to lay it down; I have the God Himself. power to take it again." There the self-assertion might have stopt, and There is a very fine illustration in would have stopt if it had been like the New Testament of this highly that of most men. But there it did not

ml1ltiplying power of obedience. It is "So am 11" (Making up jewels for the story of the lad with the five little the JI aster's crown.) loaves and the two small fishes; the lad who heard the word, "Bring them "I am in business with my father." hither to me," and walked up and put "So am 1." them into the hands of One who made "My father started the business." no bread for Himself after He had "So did mine." fasted forty days, but made bread in "For a long time my father hired quantities for others who had been me." without food for a few hours. The "So did mine." lad saw that marvelous multiplication "Now he has taken me into partnerof his small resources so. that the ship." throngs were fed and there was im- "So has mine." measurably more at the end than there "I used to get wages, but now I get was at the beginning. Some Chris- a share in the profits." tians are wondering what they can "So do 1." (I get a share in the do with their lives to make them count profits. The Welsh revival enlarged for the greatest possible advantage. my spiritual bank account; the Put your lives in the hands of Jesus triumphs in Korea have increased my Christ. In your hands there is not deposits.) enough for you to feed yourself with; The young man then looked up and but in His hands there is enough to said, "I have a new interest in the busifeed the world. ness since I went into partnership. I want to make a good report when I One individual and God can effect get home." such a multiplication of resources as "Bless God," I said, "so do I want business prudence never imagined. to make a good report when I get One with God can multiply a life. Home!" One with God 1 Where are you in At a hotel in Madison, Wisconsin, your relationship, a servant or a part- I sat down to breakfast one morning ner? Which? One with God! Oh, at the same table with a fine young it makes the heart beat fast merely to fellow. Being the elder I said, "Good- say that. It is difficult to go on when morning." one sees the result when once God has His perfect chance in a perfectly obe- "Good-morning," said he; and then dient life. Once there came to earth I saw, what was beautiful to behold, One between whose knowledge and that he was full of the business for whose conduct there was no contrawhich he was in Madison. He did diction, between whose speech and not wait to tell me about it, he was so life there was no break, no chasm. enthusiastic. Once there came One who in youth said, "I must be about my Father's "I am a traveling man," he said. business," and at the end said, with "So am I," was my response. truth, "I have finished the work Thou "This is my first trip out in my gavest me to do." The opportunity present relation." God had in Him God wants again in "It is not quite my first trip out; I us; He wants it to-day and to-morrow am an old hand." "I am in the jewelry business."

I910J MULTIPLYI:–iG POWER OF A LIFE OF

and forever. "All power is given unto the end of Christian culture was the me," said that obedient One, and of development of character. Later I His Church he said: "The gates of caught a word that is much used and hell shall not prevail against it." If believed, that the end of Christian cultwelve disciples could turn the world ture is service. Now I believe that I upside down, what would happen? I have advanced a step farther. God is will change the word-what will hap- trying to teach us to be like Him so pen if four thousand of us fling our that He shall have a people to help lives to-day for perfect obedience into Him, so that being like Him and havthe hands of God ? You can not face ing helped Him they shall be with this matter, you can not turn your Him forever. That makes life inback upon it and ever be the same finitely richer. I suggest that we esagain. tablish a new society, the Order of the Friends of Christ. This is the charter: There is a story that comes out of "Ye are My friends if ye do whatsothe South African war. Brave Gen- ever I command." Who will join? eral Wauchope had been given an This is the oath: "Master, I will folorder to carry out in one of the bat- low Thee." Who will take it? This tles. He knew it to be the impossible is the badge: A cross worn not upon thing-but we know that the task we the breast but in the heart, bearing the are ordered to perform is a perfectly words, "For Jesus' sake." This is the possible task-and the brave general grip: The hands of the member in said, "If I obey this order I lose my the hand of Christ. These are the life; if I disobey it I lose my sword. privileges: Obedience to Him in all If I obey it I shall go into a soldier's lands, service for mankind by all grave; if I disobey it my sword will waters, our work multiplied to the end be stained with disobedience and of time, our reward to hear Him taken away from me forever. I will whisper, "Ye are my friends." obey. There are a thousand things in the world worth losing your life for; Friends! Who will join the Order there is not one honorable thing for of the Friends of Christ under this which it is worth while to lose your charter? sword." We can say: there are a thousand things in the world worth o Lord and Master of us all, giving up your life for; but there is not one thing in the world for which vVhate'er our name or sign, it is worth while to lose your soul. If We own Thy sway; we hear Thy call; I obey I may lose my life; if I disobey We test our lives by Thine. I shall lose my soul. Friends, multiply your life by obeying. Who will be so obedient that his life shall bear that test, and that his life I have come to a new theory of edu- shall be linked with the perfect life of cation. I have lived through two or perfect obedience in the infinitely multhree in my life. I once thought that tiplying power whose beginning only we have seen?

AND ENCOURAGEMENTS IN

BY REV. II. LOOJlTIS, YOKOHAMA, JAPAN Une thing' from which the cause of The teaching of radical and destruc- Christ has greatly suffered in Japan tive critics are also being disseminated has been the harsh criticism of the largely, and they have a special attrac- Japanese by so-calleel Christian people. tion to some because of an assumed They have been accllsed of a de- scientific and scholarly basis.

sire for the glory of conquest, and of On the other hand, the Word of seeking for some occasion to stir up God is spreading and its message of war. Such is far from being the case. life and peace is bringing joy to many The Japanese are a peace-loving peo- troubled and sin-sick hearts. Rev.

pie and have been greatly troubled at Dr. DeForest, of Japan, writes: "The the repetition of such unjust state- thoughts of the Bible are to some ex- ments. The coming of the American tent getting into Japanese novels, into fleet resulted happily, as it gave the the daily press and even into Bud- Japanese a unique opportunity to dem- dhist sermons. I am convinced that onstrate their true spirit, and espe- these thoughts are aiding, uncon- cially their h1g11 regard for the people sciously perhaps, these moral revivals of the United States, as well as grat- which are. touching Japanese life at so itude for the benefit which they have many points." The sales of Testa- received. ments through the American Bible Another hindrance to Christian Society during last year are the largest work is the fact that some men of on record, and the outlook for the learning and ability try to discredit the coming year is especially favorable.

Bible and use their influence to de- There is also an increased spirit of stroy the faith of those who have prayer and expectancy on the part of found light and comfort and life in the Japanese pastors and people. AI- God's Word. One of these men who ready there are signs of a large re- has a high standing as a scholar re- ligious awakening, and it is our con- cently said in a public address, "The fident belief that God will not God in which man believes to-day is no disappoint his people in Japan, and longer the God of the Bible and the that what has been experienced in Church, but the God that manifests Korea and Manchuria, and already to Himself in men's hearts." A prominent some extent in northern Japan, will Japanese speaker said recently: "We be seen more widely, and there will be received our Christianity from Europe a general turning of the people from and America, so it is natural that we the pursuit of the earthly glory and see many defects in it, and it will have pleasures to seek first the Kingdom of to be greatly changed. We wish to God and His righteousness.

blend certain Confucian and Buddhist The popularity of Christian young elements with Christianity. The men who have been selected for posi- Christianity of the future will contain tions as teachers of English in the a mixture of 'vVestern and Eastern government schools continues una- thought-will be a compound of bated. Mr. Mott reports, "There are Buddhism, Confucianism, and Chris- now twenty-four graduates of Amer- tian elements all harmoniously ican and Canadian colleges in as many blended." schools. The extent of their religious influence may be estimated from thc to their convictions, and in spite of fact that they have had an average the opposition of conservative parents attendance at their Bible classes in the and friends, stand true to their repast year of over five hundred, of solves to be active workers in the rewhom thirty-seven received baptism." generation of China.

The Rev. George L. Davis, who is One interesting fact in the progress working among Chinese students in of Christianity in Japan, is that those Tokyo, says that a great number of who hold to the doctrine of the Pres- Chinese students who have come to byterian Church are not only the most Japan are anxiously trying to find numerous but also they constitute to some method of transforming the a large extent the most prominent and Chinese Empire. They eagerly search influential of the Christians. The first the Bible to find there the secret of president of the Lower House of the political strength of the great powers Japanese Diet was a Presbyterian -England, Germany, and the United elder; another Presbyterian elder States. It is surprizing to find the (who was greatly respected and uninumber of men who have read the versally esteemed) held the same pogreater part of the Bible and are sition of president for three successive anxious to find some one to take it terms and died while holding the up and explain it systematically to office. A Presbyterian admiral comthem in Chinese. manded the fleet that destroyed the Russian warships in the harbor of A short time ~go one of the most Chemulpo and opened the late war earnest men I have ever met came and with Russia. The head of the Comasked if we would open a special missary and Pay Department of the Bible class for the naval cadets. As Japanese army during the same wat they were kept within the bounds of was a Presbyterian, and a man whose their school every day but Sunday, we influence is most helpful to Christiangladly opened a special class for them ity wherever he goes. The head of on Sunday morning, and it has been the judicial system which Japan has a pleasure to teach the spick and span recently established in Korea is a leadfuture naval officers of China. One ing member of the Presbyterian of the young men has taken a most de- Church and takes a deep interest in termined stand for Christ, and in the spiritual as well as the material spite of the laughs of some of his com- welfare of that interesting people. He rades, spends his spare time in trying is president of the Y. M. C. A. in to lead them to Christ. Quite a num- Seoul and preaches, or speaks, in ber of these young men have bought churches on Sunday as he has oppor- Bibles and are busily engaged in read- tunity. ing them. In the Japanese Diet there were These young Christian men are full fourteen Christians and seven of that of plans to establish schools and start number were Presbyterians. Another papers and build churches to regen- is the head of a Christian printing erate their fellow countrymen upon company which has four hundred their return; and we are praying most employees and prints the Scriptures earnestly that when they return they for Japan, Korea, China and the may have the courage to remain firm

Philippine Islands. With men of demand of the native churches to be such a typc as the leaders the future free from foreign domiv,ation is not of Christianity in Japan is full of hope. only reasonable but really the true God has wonderfully blest this work polity. There will be mistakes (and in the past. We are confident that what people has not made them), but He will continue His favor upon it in one thing is sure, the future of Christhe days to come. tianity in Japan rests in the ability of the native churches to manage their The chief and almost only dis- own affairs. couraging features are the deadening influences of the weak and rationalistic There has been a movement to unite Christianity which is prevalent in all evangelical Christians into one Christian lands. The Christianity of great body, and a committee has been the liberal sects has but a small fol- appointed to consider the matter and lowing and almost no influence. It agree, if possible, on some plan; but is only a Christianity which em- the wide differences of theological phasises the cross of Christ that has views, as well as strong preference power in heathen as well as Christian for particular forms of Church govlands. ernment, seem to make the accom- plishment of any such scheme not There is one thing in which the feasible. At the same time the union Japanese Christians as well as business of bodies which are one in doctrine men are preeminent, and that is the and church polity is continually lessenability to do things. They have in a ing the differences among the churchremarkable degree the capacity to members and proving beneficial to the seize and t1tiW~€ whatver is admirable whole work. in other lands. The success of their parliament, the army, the navy, their What is to be the final outcome of merchant marine, their educational in- Christian propagandism in Japan is stitutions of all kinds, as well as in- not yet fully evident. Judging also ternational improvements, is due to this from present conditions, the type of fact. What has been done in other Christianity will not differ in its eslands is now being accomplished in sential elements from what is met with the propagation of Christianity. The in other and Christian lands. Such same ability to manage their own af- modifications as it may undergo will fairs is not only evidenced, but it is not change its character, and as her a striking fact that the growth of the armies and navies have made a record various sects is just in proportion to which the world has never before the amount of control that is exer- equaled, so the Christian forces may cised by the native Christians. This be relied upon to set the pace in the is particularly true in membership and forward march of the Lord's hosts in church contributions. Therefore, the the conquest of the world for Christ.

INTO THE UNITED STATES IN

BY LOUIS MEYER The annual report of the Commis- into the country by arriving aliens was sioner-General of Immigration for the $17,331,828, or an average of about fiscal year ending June 30, 1909, has $23 per person. But let the reader not just been published. It is a most in- forget that this information is at best teresting document and the statistical fallacious, since immigrants can not tables tell a valuable story, which must be forced to either show all the money be pondered especially in view of the which they have in their possession or efforts which are now being made in prove that the money shown is not Congress to restrict all immigration to provided by relatives or friends al- an extent which would be almost ready in this country, or borrowed equivalent to exclusion. otherwise. It is worth while to men- After the great decrease in the num- tion in this connection that almost one- ber of immigrants during the fiscal third of all immigrants admitted were year 1908 and in the first half of the assisted by others to reach this coun- past fiscal year, immigration is rapidly try, according to their own admission, reassuming its average proportions" but that undoubtedly a far larger per- tho the total for 1909, which is 751,- centage than that had its passage paid 786, is still 31,084 less than the total by relatives or other persons.

for 1908 and 533,563 less than the The number of intending immi- total for I907, the banner year in im- grants debarred in 1909 was IOAIl, migration. The first six months of or 1.09 per cent, 491 less than in I908, 1909 show, however, considerable in- when the percentage was 1.18.

creases over the corresponding months A special table shows the occupa- of 1908. In 1909, the actual increase tion of aliens entering and leaving the in the alien population of the country, country during the fiscal year 1909, after deducting the emigrants, was segregated into professional, skilled, 7I8,433, or 333,976 more than in 1908. miscellaneous, and no occupation. Of Of the total number of immigrant "professional," 8,086 immigrated and aliens admitted, 624,876 were between 1,806 emigrated; of "skilled," 87, I60 the ages of I4 and 44, while 88,393 immigrated and 21,9I9 emigrated; of were under I4, and 38,517 were 45 or "miscellaneous" (induding common over. laborers and servants), 435,247 immi- Of those over I4 years of age, I9I,- grated and 141,872 emigrated, and of 049 (I41,871 males and 49,178 fe- "no occupation" (including women and males) could neither read nor write, children), 22I,293 immigrated and 30,- and 2,431 (1,332 males and 1,099 fe- 497 emigrated, while the occupations males) could read but not write. Thus of 29,708 emigrants, who left via the illiterates (193,480) admitted in Canada, remained unknown. Of farm 1909 amounted to 29 per cent, while laborers, I7I,31O immigrated and only in 1908 the i1Iiterates amounted to 26 2,980 emigrated; of common laborers, per cent (in I907, 30 per cent, and in 174,800 immigrant aliens arrived and 1906, 28 per cent, while the number of I18,936 emigrant aliens departed, and immigrants was much larger than in of servants, 64,568 immigrated and 190 9). 1O,I59 emigrated. The report well The total amount of money brought says, "These figures seem to bear out

the general impression that the so- have enabled them to compare the imcalled 'bird-of-passage' element of our migrants of different races in 1909 as immigration is constituted largely of far as occupations are concerned, but the unskilled," we do not have space, and therefore limit ourselves to a table giving the Turning now to the races or peoples figures concerning our Italian, Polish, immigrating in Ig09, we quote to our and Hebrew immigrants, believing readers the figures concerning some that these races live under quite eimduring the past three years, ilar educational advantages (or disad- vantages) in the countries whence RACE OR PEOPLE. 1909 1908 1907 they come, especially since more than 70 per cent of the Hebrew immigrants Italians, North-South .•• 190,398 1:15,247 294,061 came from Russia and Rumania. (See 68,105 138,033 table at bottom of page.) Polish …………….. 77,565 73,038 (;erman …………… 58,534 92,936 In bringing this table before our Hebrew …………… 57,551 103,387 149,182 readers, we would warn them against English …………… 39,021 49,056 making it alone an argument for Scandinavian ………. 34,996 32,789 51,126 greater or less desirability of the Irish ……………… 31,185 36,427 53,425 members of these races as immigrants, Magyar ……….•…• 28,704 24,378 38,706 since many other things should be 16,170 60,071 considered in that question beside oc- Slovak ……………. 22,586 28,808 42,041 cupation. 20,472 46,283 Greek ………••….•• 20,262 12,881 47,826 The report calls especial attention to 17,014 the large proportion of immigration Croatian and Slovanian. 20,181 12,361 9,392 from southern and eastern Europe French …………..•• 19,423 5,682 20,516 during the fiscal year 1909, as it has 13,720 24,081 been for a number of years. Italy, Scotch …••.•…….•• 16,446 6,746 Austria-Hungary, Greece, Turkey, Ruthenian …………. 15,808 17,111 91 and the small principalities surround- Mexican ………….. 15,591 16,418 25,884 ing, and the Russian Empire, fnr- Lithuanian …………• 15,254 14,860 nished 67 per cent of the total immi- Finnish …………… 11,687 16,807 gration. The report says, "The Russian •………•..•• 10,038 30,824 bureau has repeatedly calleel attention to the interesting and important eco- Japanese •………..•• 3,275 nomic problem constituted by this in- crease in the influx of peoples so dif- The reader sees at once that more ferent racially from the original setimmigrants came from Italy than tlers of the country-peoples who, in from any other country. In fact, the their antecedents, ideas, ideals (poimmigrants from Germany, England, litical and social), and methods of life Ireland, Scotland, France, and Scandinavia numbered altogether 198,630, while those from Italy alone were 190,398. Of these Italian immigrants 25,150 (in 1908, 24,700, and in 1907, 5J,564) came from northern Italy, and 165,248 (in 1908, 1IO,547, and in 1907,2420497) from southern Italy.

Of the total 75I,786 immigrants 220,865, or 29-4 per cent, declared that the State of New York was their intended place of residence (of Hebrews 60.2 per cent, of Italians 39.9 per cent, of Poles 23.S per cent).

Ve would have liked to have placed before our readers a table which would ~ OCCUPATION. __. __ '[ _ _Italian. I ______ Polish. ! Hebrew.

-P-r-of-e-ss-io-n-al-..-.-.~……………… 488=0.2 per cent. I 66=0.99 per cent. I 456=0.8 per cent.

Skilled …….•………..•••…• , 13,423=7.1 per cent. 2,458=3.17 per cent. 18,219=31.6 per cent. lIiscell!l11eous ………..•… ,' … '1132.603=69.6 per cent. 57.863=70.6 per cent. 9,761=17 per cent. None, 1I1cludlng women and _cllllJrenr43,884==23.1 per cent_ l.7,178=22.14 per cent. i 29,115=50.6 _~~~._~ent.

Laborers, common and farm .•….• I 123,275 lI 46.69-t j 4,469 Servants …………………… 5,165 I 10,954 ' 3,194

IM}'I[GRATION INTO THE UNITED STATES IN

and thought are quite distinct from anarchist, 69 "criminals," 261 im- the Teutonic and Celtic stocks, from which our immigration was so many moral women, and 30 procurers were years derived. What will be the re- apprehended within the country and sult of a continuance of this prepon- deported. derance is a question which concerns every thoughtful patriotic American The campaign so successfully in- CItizen. From our point of view, at augurated against alien prostitutes least, heterogeneousness in a matter of and procurers in 1908 has been folthis kind is undesirable, homogeneous- lowed up systematically and unreness desirable. There can be but little mittingly, and a general investigation homogeneity between the people of covering all of the largest cities in the southern and eastern Europe and the United States has been made. We do real American. Several generations not wonder that the results of this inare required to produce assimilation, vestigation were chiefly negative, even under favorable circumstances." since a recent United States Supreme Court decision (213 U. S., 138) is to In explanation of this increased and the effect that the Federal Governstill increasing inflow of Iberic and ment can not constitutionally control Slavic people, the report states the the keeping of aliens in houses of illpoor political and social conditions in fame, that being a part of the police the native countries of these people, power of the States. The report efthe natural desire to better their con- fectively shows that, if the outrageous dition, and the wish for liberty of evil of white slavery is to be eradithought and conscience, but it does not cated, the States and municipalities hesitate to add that the bureau is con- must exercise their undoubted authorvinced that this increased inflow is the ity and power for its control and consequence of "artificially induced" eradication. immigration chiefly. The promoter, usnally a steamship agent, or a pro- The whole annual report of the fessional money-lender, or both, is Commissioner-General of Immigration blamed, and, to some extent, the is a most interesting and important steamship lines, and the whole matter document. Vividly and clearly it is called "a crying shame." Such brings before its reader the greatest artificially stimulated immigration is problem before the Christian patriot pronounced undesirable and the pe- in the United States, "What shall we nalizing of it by law is suggested. The do with these multitudes who come to draft of a proposed new immigration our shores?" or, better still, "Why act is appended to the report. does the Lord bring to us these mul- titudes of non-Protestant and non- Under "Moral Condition of Aliens" Christian peoples?" God grant that, attention is paid to the attempts of without hesitation, we answer the keeping out of the country the latter question, saying, "He brings anarchistically and criminally inclined them to our shores that we make them and the degenerate in sexual morality. partakers of our blessings, of liberty It is shown that 273 "criminals," 323 and earthly riches, of culture and of immoral women, and 181 procurers of education; bnt, above all, of the unwomen have been rejected, and I speakable treasures which are III Christ Jesus, our Lord."

A SOLOMON ISLAND

BY NORTH COTE DECK, M.B., CH.M.

South Sea Evangelical Mission, Tttlagi, Solomon Islands In a large bay on the east coast of would have stretched so far; for the Malayta, in the Solomon Islands, lie man was old and hoary-headed and two small islets called Nongasila wizened, and his skin fell in wrinkles.

and Kwai. They are some two hun- His name was Toraam, one of the dred yards apart and each is an island island witch-doctors. God in His ten acres in extent. At low tide they loving kindness sent him months of are joined together by a sand-bar. They sickness till his old body was worn out are screened from the open ocean by with pain and weariness. Like many the island of Leili and by long lines of another, he was far more concerned far-stretching coral reefs. The mis- about the saving of his body than of sion-house is on the landward side of the saving of his soul; and it was this Nongasila, the innermost island, and care of the body which was used of the ship Evangel anchors in limpid God to break through the wall that blue water off a dazzling white beach Satan had built up through long years and in perfect safety. Outwardly of sin.

these islands are the m:ost beautiful in Everything else failed, so he decided Malayta, but the people are among to try what the missionary could do, the most superstitious and opposed to and at last he allowed Mr. Watkinson Christianity of any with whom we are to come and sit with him. Many dealing. visits followed when the "way" was If hatred and dread of the New explained, and he was brought into Way run high on Nongasila, on Kwai God's presence in prayer. Meanwhile they are more iptense, more bitter, the seed being sown it was watered by more aggressive. We bought some the fervent and persistent prayers of land at Kwai a few years ago for a the Christians, who watched eagerly station, but we have never been able for any change of heart.

to occupy it. All that the workers are Pleurisy set in, and in despair he allowed to do is to treat a few sick sent a pig to the mainland to be sac- folk and to tell of Jesus in the open rificed to the Akalo, and a strange air. K wai is black darkness, and yet thing happened; for some reason we here we believe that God chose and can not find out, the offering was sent won for Himself a trophy for His back, the local witch-doctor refusing crown. In the "great multitude. . . . to make the sacrifice. This should out of every tribe and nation and peo- have brought misfortune; but, stranger ple and kingdom," who praise the still, in spite of this slight to his an- Lamb with harps in their hands in cestors, the man grew better. "Sure- shining robes, came one from Kwai. ly," he thought, "the white man's When he left here he had no "wed- God must be powerful."

ding garment." A dingy loin-cloth All this time he had lain in semi- and a few spears were his only attire. darkness in the low humpy, which No one would have expected such a served him for home. At last he was one to hunger and thirst and then to able to get outside and lie down in find; it was a miracle, and not even the sun and on the white sand. 'Then, the faith of the native Christians too, he began to pray a little himself, and said he did trust in Jesus, tho his Played to old airs of sin and pain, 'till it mind was very dark and clouded. was broken with the strain; Then it was thought wise that he should come across to the chtll-ch and But even yet, when Someone brings the openly confess Christ, so that it might Savior's touch the poor worn strings help strengthen him. Nake frol11 his heart of bygone years a lly sister and Miss Dring were I11miic that is blind with tears." rather afraid to take him at first, for if he had caught cold and died it The gospel had been long coming would have roused the whole island. from Calvary; but, thank God, it So they waited and prayed, and one reached 1Jalayta across the sea in time warm, fine, sunny day rowed across for him. the reef and landed on the white, glistening sanel a few yards from Can you follow him across the beach Toraam's house, from the little jetty, over the low coral wall and along the gravel path He came out of his hut, through the to the school? Can you imagine the smoke, stooping double under the low hush of expectancy that awaited him door as he came into the clear air. His as he was led to a seat in the church old eyes were blinking with the bright for the first time? or the fervency of sunlight and the glare of the white the prayers that day? or how the sand, With shuffling steps he was dingy school must have been transhelped to the boat by willing hands. figured with hope and thankfulness The men of the island were all out and joy? What overflowing hearts wading long-legged in the reefs the workers had! Times like this do around catching fish or he might not come every day at Nongasila, but never have been allowed to go; as it they are worth working for, was, his wife and daughter protested shrilly and attempted to hold him back. The service over, the old man wanted to stay in the house adjoining But at last he was safely seated in the school, but he was so frail and the boat and off for Nongasila. I feeble they were afraid. So he was have thought sometimes of the con- ferried carefully back to Kwai, none trast between the bright colors of the the worse for the journey. He came coral and the rapid flash of gaily- across several times, and many times tinted fish, with their abundant life, in was visited in his own house and the still, clear water below and sepa- seemed true. Then the time came for rated from them only by the thin him to die, "to depart and be with boards of the boat the worn-out, used- Christ which is far better." The Masup, decrepit sinner, made in the image ter wanted him and he fell sick. With of Gael, now almost merely a human his sickness clouds came back to his coffin, sinning and still living, but soon sky. to go to give account. Truly he had been a desperate case. His heathen relations urged sac- rificing to the devil that he might re- "l1is body warped and brown and thill, cover, At first he stood firm; but at is like some Cjuaint old violin, length his poor shrinking body gave in, and they had their way with him. Played 'till it' hears the lasting trace, of He was painted with red betel-nut, fed the old master's hand and face, with potions and surrounded with

spells; but all to no avail-he passed left them and useless now to him, and • out into the beyond. one thinks of other more uncanny ob- jects connected with his trade; bam- Poor Toraam; he was very young, boos for catching the spirits of the this old man, very young in the faith. dead, bags of holy earth for hanging Who shall blame him? I think the round the neck, medicines and spells. Master, remembering Peter and What does he think of them all now? others, would say, "Neither do I condemn thee." Somehow it made one pause and think, think of the long life spent year I visited his house months after- after year, year after year, sinning ward with my sister, crossing in the and leading others into sin, never boat as he crossed. Reaching the hut, thinking of the ship coming over thc we doubled under the door and sea, with thc glad tidings which were straightened up as far as possible in to change the world for him just at the dark inside. As our eyes became the end. His life seemed like a long, accustomed to the gloom and smarted dark, lowering day when the sun has from the acrid smoke, I made out the been hidden in thick, heavy clouds and figure of his widow and his daughter, is waiting to break through into a in deep mourning, covered with ashes. beautiful sunset just before it sinks Secluded as they had been for over a behind the western hills. So a little hundred days in that dismal atmos- before the end the Sun of Righteousphere, they looked haggard and drawn ness shone forth into his heart. and thin, while they waited for permission from the dead man's spirit to Then we went home in the quiet of dig- up his skull and come back to the the evening, very much softened and sunlight. glad that we were in I-lis service for the winning of more of these people Then, going into the inner r00111 for Him. with something of reverent curiosity, one took mental note of what the old I hilve told you this man's story not man had left behind. Stacked away so much as a history of victory, but under the rafters were things he has more as a picture of the fight which no use for now, for he is employed goes on, day and night, down here on differently. Round the walls they the "firing line," to make vivid to you hung in serried array, queer-looking the issues of life and death. The objects, such as crabs' claws and battle-field is peopled with such men fishes' heads, berries and nuts, black, and women and the battle goes this sooty basins for cooking and eating way and that as YOll pray and forget. out of, hand- and trawl-nets, spears and arrows, all lying where he had Do YOll forget? May God help us to remember and to remcm bel' to help.

AND THE RELICS OF

BY REV. E. M . WHERRY, D.D., LUDHIANA, INDIA It was a ceremony of much pomp in rection Dr. Spooner set to work, and Calcutta when the recently discovered after much protracted and for some ashes of Buddha were solemnly com- time most discouraging effort, he was mitted to the care of the Buddhist rep- rewarded by discovering a stone chamresentatives of Burma, who shall in ber some twenty feet below the level due course find a resting-place for of the ground, in which was found a them in a new pagoda to be specially casket containing the sacred ashes of erected for the purpose in Mandalay. Gautama Buddha. This relic casket stood just where it had been placed The discovery of these relics was no two thousand years ago. On the less wonderful than the finding of the casket itself was a figure of a king jewels of Helen in the ruins of Troy. identical with the effigies of Kanishka Following the clew given in the wri- which appeared on his coins, and the tings of the three great Chinese travel- name which was written in Kharoshti ers, Fa Hien, Sung Yun and Hiuen alongside this figure seemed to be that Thsang, who visited India at various of Kanishka. Moreover, a coin of the times between the fourth and seventh Emperor was found close by, which centuries of the Christian era, and alone would have been enough to inwho told of a great temple, built by dicate the date of the deposit. Thus the Buddhist Emperor Kanishka, a the statement of Hiuen Thsang that i'rench savant, M. Foucher, located it this pagoda was erected by the Emas situated in some mounds east of peror Kanishka was proved to be per- Peshawur. Excavation was made by fectly correct, and thus the relics were the archeological department of the identified. Govern!l1ent of India under the director, Mr. Marshall. Under his di- One feels like bowing the head to

I'll E MISS [UN , R Y [{ EV [E W 0 [0 'I'll E WURLD lScl'tembcr

the historian and making a resolve to wonders whether such a man, in his read again the many discredited wandering and flight for refuge to stories found in ancient history. Christian rulers, ever reflects upon the As soon as this discovery was made, . heartless cruelty of Tibetans toward efforts were made to discover a suit- strangers. Ever since the visit of the able custodian. Clamorous cries were Indian force and the generous treat- made in all parts of the Buddhist ment which was shown to non-C0111- world. The claims of many were lis- batants in Lassa, and the subsequent tened to before finally deciding to visit of the Tashi Lama to India, the bestow the honor upon llandalay. door to the Lama's dominions has ;,Jatnrally, the votaries of Buddhism been opening" wicler than ever before.

are filled with joy, and hopes are being The Moravian Brethren. who have entertained that the cause of Bud- been Cjuietly laying siege to that coun- dhism will now be raised from the try. pouring in printed messages 0 f ashes. These hopes are, however, vain. the gospel through the medium of The very ashes of Buddha scatterecl traders, will soon be ill a position to here and there, ministel'ing no service do a more aggressive work.

to others, are a symbol of the mori- Are these me11 attractive and do bund faith in Burma and in India, they promise to bring strength to the where the Buddhists are scattered cause of Christ's kingdom? One look along in the Himalayas from Darje1ing at the group of Lamas will show the to l'eshawur. Beginning as it did in reader the character and strength of an agnostic attitude toward God, de- these faces. If they were presented in nying the need of atonement for sin. the ordinary habiliments of Christian the Buddhist zeal for a moral reform gentlemen they might readily be taken wore itself out in its failure to satisfy for Europeans. The Church needs be the longing of men for reconciliation ready to seize the opportunity to evan- with God. The Buddha became to gelize these strong men of the north.

them God, the Buddhisat a demi- It is not impossible that, like the god. The land was filled with images Koreans, these should be rapidly and relics and sacred steepas ant! Christianized and become missionaries pagodas. Even these have in many to the less virile tribes on the south places crumbled to dust. and India, China and Burma.

The chief center of Buddhism has lludclhisl11 is IJfeparing to build a been the home of the grand lama and temple to hold the ashes of a small sec- the capital the city of Lhasa, but Tibet tion of the body of Buddha and hopes has ceased to be the impenetrable that enthusiasm will be born of this kingdom it once seemed to be, and is dust to inspire a revival of their re- now open to the advent of the gospel ligion. ·Will not the Christian Church messenge1'. The Dalai Lama is a by the power of the Holy Spirit build refugee in India, seeking in vain the up the temple made of living stones to intervention of Christian powers to the glory of Christ in Tibet? Already replace him upon his throne. One the foundations are being laid.

-N "OX-O-MOB1LE" IN BR1TISH EAST AFRICA ihe roads

}.frs. Hiebe and .gncs Hurlburt, of the Africa Inland Mission, on the sledge. good, but the missionaries have no wagon WANGUHU'S WIFE BY L. M. :vr., KIJBI, BRITISH EAST AFJUC.

One of the serious problems which need. Let us ask Him about it ?" young' men in Central Africa who have After prayer Wang'ulm was warned been desirous of becoming Christians that if he should marry a woman who have had to face has been the question, did not love God, she would make life "How can I find a Christian wife?" a burden to him, and he was urged to It is the custom of all the tribes of wait befOl'e marrying, even tho it Africa to buy their wives, paying' should be a very long time, until he from thirty to one hundred sheep or could find a woman who would be a goat;, or the equivalent in cattle. As real help to him in his Christian life. polygamy prevails the wealthy men He agreed. altho it seemed almost im- Ill1Y several wives. some of the larger Jlossible that such a woman could he chiefs having more than fifty. vVhen found, as they were prevented by tl~<c:ir a young man leaves the native customs fathers and owners from l11akillg'~rty and dress, and more particularly the profession of faith in Christ. One native sins, he is usually not only man-one of the most peaceable of ridiwled by his fellows, 11l1t he must those living near the station-said not bear the scoffing of the young women. long ago to his wife, "If YOll ever go lip ancl kneel at the altar, praying Gael 1'anguhu. one of our young be- to save YOll, I will heat you when you lievers, as he approached the time get home." This same woman said when most young men marry, went to to Miss Hurlburt. wh(?11 the latter sug- ;'II r.Huriburt. the director of the mis- gested the wisdom of accepting Jesus sion, and asked for help in selecting a as her Savior, "YOll white women cal wife. lIr. Hurlburt could only say, do that; YOll can please God. but we "God has promised to supply every

must please our husbands. If wc do daughter of l<ithiomi). Wanguhu not please thcm, we not only clo 110t had been a falllous place among the get clothes, but we get beaten until g irls of the community, and Kabura, life is not worth living." like many other young women, greatly Wanguhu, knowing that thcre was admired him. vVanguhll watched her no Christian girl of his tribe, tried to. work, and by inquiring among people arrange for one whom he knew well who knew her, found that she was in- to come to the mission to l?e trained. dustrious, of exceptionally pleasant dis- At first her father agreed, believing position, and he observed that she was that nothing would come of it. a pretty girl. He talked with her vVanguhu paid a few sheep fo r her, father, and after a conversation with and then asked that she be sent to the her, to his delight he learned that she mission to study; but her father re- Vas 1I0t only willing but eager to leave fused . The result was that the shcep her people and come to the mission were sent back, and the outlook for a station. As the acquaintance ripened wi fe for 'vVanguhu seemed darker she told him that she would come even than ever. I-Ie was firm, however, in if they beat her, and that she would his deci sion not to have a wife unless become his wife. Her father agreed, he could have one who would love God and vVanguhu, gathering all the sheep ami help hill! in his Christian life. he had , and as many as his brothers Later Wanguhu found a girl named would give him, paid for the girl.

Kabura wa Kithiomi (Kabura the 'iVhen. however, the usual time al- A G1KUY U HUT WITH A WOMAN GRINDING CORN The women are shown in their native dress. Afler becoming Christians lhey wt:ar a gown

WANGUTlU'S

IlJVyed by the cnsto;lls of the people hy coarse and often lewd jokes from after her purchase had elapsed, her her girl acquaintances. ,t first it did father indignantly refused to allow not occur that any other course was her to go. Then Wanguhu invited open, but later, as he thought of the Kithiomi to come to the mission and evil of those days of pretended sorrow, become acquainted with us, and to see he determined that it should not be, for himself that the missionaries were and through the help of Miss Hurlnot lions. The old man lived some burt he talked with Kabma, and perdistance from the mission, and the suaded her to go quietly to her new strange dress, language and customs home. of the missionaries only confirmed him in the determination that his daughter As Wanguhu was called the misshould never become like them. The sionary's son by the people about the only concession he would make was mission, it became Mr. I-Iurlburt's that the girl should not live at the place to tell her that she need not mission, but some distance away with mourn. Miss Hurlburt arranged for Wanguhu's mother. This Wanguhu a wedding feast, and went with several would 110t agree to do, and once more of the missionaries to their home to his sheep were sent back. After much celebrate the happy event which was earnest prayer, he again wcnt to con- thus consummated without the evil fer with Kithiomi. customs of the people. The little bride was very timid, having never been Kabura had meanwhile said to among white people; but soon, through Vanguhu that she loved him, would the influence of Miss Alta and the not be the wife of anyone else, and prayers of her husband, began to pray, would run away if she could and go and finally made open confession of to him. Wanguhu knew that this faith in Jesus Christ as her Savior. wonld mean an almost endless controversy with her father, so hoped and Wanguhu, meanwhile, was jeered at prayed for a more peaceable arrange- by all his acquaintances, and wherever ment. To the surprize of many of the he went-at his ,york and in the path missionaries who knew how strong the -was sneered at as the man who had feeling was, Wanguhu's conference 110t properly married his wife. The was successful, and old Kithiomi patience with which he bore these agreed that his daughter might go to taunts was marveled at by all who Vangnhu and be under his control knew his naturally violent temper. alone. Arrangements were therefore made that she might work in the gar- Recently Kabura had repeatedly dens near the mission. And Wangul1ll asked to be baptized, and to put on the was expected to conform to the usual clothing of civilized folk. Vanguhu custom of finding her at work, take earnestly seconded her wish, and it her by main force, and amid her was hoped that her desire mig'ht soon screams of pretended sorrow at leav- be gratified. vVanguhu's surprize an(1 ing her home and freeclom, to carry grief may, therefore, be imagined, her away to his house, where she whcn she Clme to him one morning, would remain for three or four days after a visit from her older brother, weeping and wailing, comforted (?) and said: "YOLl must send me away to one of your brothers. I will be his ife; btlt T will not stay with you. If

you refuse 1 will leave you and go to her father might say, she would remy father." With this declaration main as Wanguhu's wife, and would she went away to work for the day in put on proper clothing. A few days her gardens. vVangl.lhu soon found later her father, mother and brother the cause of the trouble. Her brother came quite determined to carry out had frightened her, and said that their threat to carry her away unless neither he nor his father would per- she abandoned her purpose. Dut after mit her to put on the clothing of white a conference with 1J1'. Hurlburt and a people. vVanguhu refused to eat dur- somewhat lengthy discussion with ing the day, giving his time outside of Wangl1hu, the matter was not only school hours to prayer. The mis- happily adjusted, but her own mother sionaries were called together for a helped her to remove all the fantastic brief season of prayer that God might ornaments from her ears and head, overrule and cause His own will to and gave full permission to follow prevail in the matter. That evening whatever course she deemed to be was the regular weekly prayer-meet- right. Thus the first Christian native ing inWanguhu's house, and several home at Kijabe was left in peace. mIssIOnaries were present. Early in the meeting Kabura prayed, asking Kabl1ra has since been baptized, and God to forgive her the wicked we trust that friends will pray that thoughts she had had during the morn- this home may be a beacon-light for ing, saying' that about noon God had many of the darkened ones of Africa, enabled her to pray, and that now her to WhO:ll "ho:ne" has meant but little. heart was glad and she was willing to and the marriage relation has been to do God's will. After the meeting she the wife only an inevitable stage of the told her brother that whatever he or monotonous course of a hopeless life. Christ is the only hope of Africa.

"THEY ALSO SERVE"

"Vho long to labor in another sphere Yet bravely do the duties lying near, Let such remember for their hope and cheer, They also serve.

Vho, bearing patiently from day to day Such pain as saps the joys of life away, Can still, "God's will be done," with white lips say, They also serve.

These-when the waiting time at last is o'er, These-on the limitless Eternal Shore, Shall know, where pain and parting are no more, They also served. -B. M. WILLS.

YEARS OF EXPERIENCE IN

IIY RE'. J. 11. DE FOREST, D.ll., SEND"'I, .TAI'.]; "lissiol1ary of the .l1WriCall n( a:"d In looking back over the last twenty sionaries joined him and worked with years of foreign missionary work, I all our might to give the pupils the am greatly imprest with two facts, best eclucation possible. Since we the change in the political conditions, could buy no land nor build houses in and change in religious thought. our own names, Mr. Ichihara kindlv First, then, the political change. lent us his name and employed us ;t Twenty years ago the Japanese people a nominal salary of one yen a month, had become very restless and dis- if I remember correctly. And thus we satisfied with the" treaties that classed built three houses in Sendai.

them with such backward nations as At first we were cordially welcomed Turkey, Egypt, China and Siam. But in Sendai by the authorities and peo- Western powers were unwilling to ple, so that not only the school but also grant equal treaties to Japan so long the church work became very success- as she had no parliament, no open ful, extending to Aizu on the south codes of civil and criminal and com- and t9 Mizusawa on the north. But mercial law, and was stilI practising in two or three years the reaction set trial by torture. in against the school and against us This wide-spread political dissatis- foreigners. Ve were often rudely in- faction very seriously affected our sulted and laughed at on the streets missionary work. We could not travel and called "Akashige," "Nekobaba,"

in the interior without passports, and "Ketojin," and filthy writings ap- the Government would give no pass- peared on our fences. Even stones port except for the purpose of scien- were thrown at us and at our win- tific investigation or of health. So dows. I therefore advocated the when we traveled in the interior we closing of the school, which was done gave as our purpose, scientific re- after five years. But I stayed in search, for the authorities kindly per- Sendai to do evangelistic work, tho it mitted us to interpret scientific inves- became more and more discouraging tigation as including religious work. for me. The Christians, however, Such passports forbade our living in stood bravely by their colors and the the interior. and so we could make evangelists did earnest self-sacrificing only short preaching trips. work. In those trying days were laid nut missionaries were not satisfied the foundations of the four churches, with mere preaching tours; we wanted Kumi-ai, that have since become in- to establish our homes in various dependent, and I may add that owing cities all over Japan, build schools to the zeal of the Christians and the and churches, and carryon prolonged generosity of an American wi<low who missionary work in various ways. contributed about 3,500 yen, there are The government. however, would not now five Kumi-ai church buildings.

permit us to buy land or build houses But hatred of the humiliating trea- in our own names. Ve could hold no ties grew year after year, and nat- fixt property in the interior. So when- urally a corresponding dislike of for- ever a missionary wished to reside in eigners increased, until at last the the interior, he could only clo so by newspapers began to call those J apa- being employed by a Japanese to teach nese who lent their names to for- English, or in rare cases to teach the eigners and held their houses for T1ible. them, "Traitors to Japan," and the In this way I came to Sendai, Meiji feeling against them became so violent T9th, with Dr. Joseph Neesima, who that they asked to be relieved of the had been invited bv M r. Tomita odium of holding our property. So.

Tetsunosuke to establish a branch since there was no other way, we gave Doshisha school there. Mr. M. Ollr houses to the Doshisha with- the rehihara was the principal of this understanding that we have the use Tokwa Gokko. and four of us mis- of them for thirty years, on condition

that we pay an annual rent of 30 yen teresting incident. About ten years and keep the houses in repair. ago, when the reaction was very severe and we missionaries were looked down In Meiji 27 I took my family to the upon by the people of Tohoku, and United States to educate the four Christianity was regarded as having children. On my return to Sendai I no value for Japan, I went to our decided to elevate myself to a deeper Legation in Tokyo and said to Minisstudy of the Japanese people, their ter Buck: "We missionaries in Senfamily life, their moral and religious dai are the largest American comaims, their history and heroes, and munity in any interior city of Japan. what is called Yamato damasshi. ;Ve have sincerely tried to do our missionary work well and to win the Then when the famine came in confidence of the people, but they re- Tohoku, all of us in Sendai appealed gard us of very little account, and to the world in the name of humanity seem to think that in the United States to show their kind hearts, and thus we also we have no special influence. But brought many tens of thousands of if you would kindly come to Sendai dollars into these suffering and pitiable and visit us, then the people would see homes. that our minister resident in Tokyo re- gards us highly and thus our station On going to America in Meiji 39, I would be greatly advanced in the estifound that many misunderstandings of mation of the people. I beg you to Japan hac! become current, and there was a wide feeling of suspicion that come." Japan would probably soon make war He cordially assented, and with against the United States. So I spent the most of my time in showing on Mrs. Buck came to Sendai as the the platform and in the press the real guest of the thirty American men and heart and purpose of Japan, always women missionaries. vVe showed him claiming unhesitatingly that Japan was the schools and churches, and then one of our best friends, and that we took him to lIatsushima, where we never could solve the problems of in- had a most enjoyable day. ,The city ternational intercourse without the authorities and chief people wanted to cordial cooperation of Japan. give our minister a very cordial wel- come and invited him to a public din- In all this study of history and in- ner, but he told them that he had ternational law, and in explaining the come as the guest of the resident heart of Japan to America, I have felt :mericans, and if their plans would that this work is one necessary way permit of his acceptance he would to preach the gospel of the fatherhooc1 g-Iadly do so. We therefore altered of God and the brotherhood of man. our plans so that the minister could So long as there is unjust treatment of accept the hospitality of the city. I a non-Christian nation bv means of noticed that from that time we mishumiliating treaties, or ~o long as sionaries began to be more highly rethere are bitter feelings and suspicions garded by the city people. And since of war bv sections of so-called Chris- then we have taken great pains to intian nati~ns, the very heart awl soul vite distinguished American scholars, of missionary work are severely dam- diplomats, and preachers to visit aged. So I have worked not only to Semlai, and the authorities and city aid and help build up Christian people have always given them a most churches, but I have tried to remove cordial welcome. Among these guests misunderstandings and suspicions be- have been Dr. C. C. Hall, president of tween Japanese and missionaries, and Union Seminary; President Jordan, between the United States and Japan, of Stanford University; Professor and thus to make an atmosphere of Brown, of Hoston University; United 1l1l1tual trust in which Christ's great States Minister Griscom; United and supreme gospel of love and peace States Consul-General Bellows, Colmay flourish.

Tn this connection I mention one in-

TWENTY YEARS OF EXPERIENCE TN JAPAN 6gr

onel Vooel, 1'rofessor Wright, of sionary methods and work. Two. 'Oberlin; Mr. John G. Woolley, the great branches of study have won great temperance orator; Rev. R. A. very wide acceptance among thinkers Torrey, the revivalist; Dr. Francis E. -the evolutionary hypothesis is very Clark, the founder of the Christian powerful in every branch of science Endeavor Society; Professor Ladd, of and history and religion; and higher Yale, and others-. As these men gen- criticism has necessitated in the minds erally brought their wives, the ] apa- of a majority of Biblical scholars a renese ladies of the citv also welcomed construction of theology. During this them, and thus our ·social life was period of criticism many have been greatly enlarg·ed. I think this plan has afraid that the Bible would lose its been most fruitful in promoting high place in the spiritual life of the friendly feelings on a large scale be- world, but now that fear is rapidly tween the missionaries and the people passing away. The newer views, in of the city. There is probably no city my judgment, show with far more in Japan where such cordial relations power the methods of God's working are manifested between foreigners and and the glory of His progressive man- Japanese to such an extent as here. ifestations to all peoples past and For recent examples, last January the present, but especially to the Jews as city authorities and people held a con- recorded in the Old Testament, and gratulatory meeting over the entente supremely to the whole world in the between Japan and the United States, wonderful life of Jesus Christ. and on that occasion all of us Americans were the guests of the city. And To be sure, there are some purely in return, we Americans took the oc- destructive critics who would deny any casion of President Taft's inaugural inspiration to the Bible and any reveto invite, on March 4, about 100 of- lation to man; but all the same, even ficials and leading people with their tho the Bible is not intended to teach wives to a dinner given in the hall of geology or astronomy, and even tho the Baptist Girls' School, and the we do not know who wrote many of papers all reported it with generous the books, and even tho the doctrine of praise. inspiration has changed, the Bible is the supreme Book of life for the whole In these social ways we try to show world. It can never fail. Indeed, its forth the great Christian doctrine that power is widening with every advance we are all, the East and the West, of science, and the recorel of Jesus' children of one com1110n Father and works and words shows Him more therefore brothers. We stand for the and more to be indeed "the Son of principles of the angels' song at the God" and "the Savior of the world." birth of Christ, "Peace on earth, good He is indeed "Gael manifest in the will to men." flesh." So I welcome this new knowl- edge as giving us a larger Bible and a This international social of Sendai better knowledge of the methods of is due to no one person, but to the fact God's progressive revelation. I use that the missionaries of the seven de- it in all my study of the Bible, and tho nominations at work here have I do not directly preach it in my serworked in cordial cooperation and sin- mons, I make it the base of all my cere friendship with one another. preparations as the best aid to sym- Without this true loving friendship and pathetic preaching. mutual helpfulness we could never have manifested the spirit of Christ, In this way I have come to have a who is our Lord and Master, in social far wider sympathy with Japanese as well as in religious life. Christians who love to search for truth, and who are not satisfied with During these twenty years, Chris- Western creeds and ceremonies, but tian thought and theology have been want a Christianity that shall build undergoing man'y changes in the West, upon the great preparation God has and so have affected more or less mis-

,ll1ade here and shall ct'!1lplctc their pray that lIe will inspire the Japanese religious life and ideals. 1 believe Christians so that they shall add il11-' God was in Japan long before we mis- mensely to the spiritual life of the sionaries came, and that He was in 50,000,008 of Japan, and shall make the making and development of the known widely the knowledge of Gael Japanese people, and that He loves in Christ, which is eternal life. And T them as He does the people of the pray that our Christian West shall be West. I believe His holy spirit is in more Christian in its attitude toward the hearts of Japanese Christians and the East, so that the East and the that He will guide them gradually into West may work together for the uniall truth. I thank God for the rich ex- versal establishment of the Kingdom perience of the past twenty years, and of Gorl on earth.

THE PRESENT SITUATION IN PALESTINE ':'

BY REV. H. G. l-l.RDING Recent developments within the school, that only Christian children Turkish Empire have considerably should be received, the occasional modified the political position, and forcible expulsion of Moslem children friends of the Palestine Mission are from one or other of our older schools, eagerly asking how the new conditions and the demand, made in at least one will affect mission work in what has case, that ilIoslel11s should be excluded always been a difficult and disappoint- from the daily service in our hospital ing field. It is hard to give a direct dispensaries. answer to this question, but the time seems opportune for a brief review of Ve have never acceded to these deonr position, which may help us to mands, and it must be admitted that form some estimate of the prospect.s government opposition, formidable as of our work in that land. it seems, has been less effective than one would think. We have a large Our position in Palestine is com- proportion of JIoslem children in our plicated and somewhat anomalous. schools, and the majority of those who Three main problems confront us. crowd our mission hospitals are Mos- There is, first of all, the problem of lems, including not a few government government opposition. The aim of officials. TIut it must be remembered the society and of every missionary that this is due not to the tolerance whom the 'society sends Ol~t is t11timat~­ but to the weakness of the central gov- Iv the conversio;l of the JJohanulldan ernment, which has lacked the power j;opulation. Now from this point of to enforce its objections and to make view we have hitherto had no locus good its claims. standi in the countrv at all. The Turkish authorities claimed the right Then there is the problem of the to forbid any attempt at "prosely- churches of Palestine, which, we must tizing" among Moslems. They con- remember, are not Christian churches sidered that we were in Palestine for of converts from Islam, but remnants the sake of the native Christians, and of ancient Christianity. The late only permitted us to build churches. Canon Volters, than ~hom no man open schools, or even to reside where knew the natives better or loved them there was a sufficient Christian popu- more, once told the writer that in his lation to justify our activity. Hence opinion the gTeat hindrance to the inthe frequent attempts to restrict our gathering of the lIoslems was the work to Christians, the demand, re- Christian churches. The type of peated at the opening of every new Christianity presented by them in life and in worship ras so repulsive to the ·x- From The Church Jtfi.'I.I'io1/ary l?r<'iC'il' for July, 1910.

101 Till', l'RESI'~NT SlTUATIOCl I~ I'ALf:STINE

:Ioslellls that Christianit, was C011- prej udice that we have obtained the denmed unheard, while their antipathy greatest results. No longer is Chris- to the Moslems intensified the bigotry tianity looked down upon as beneath of the latter. As far as our own Prot- contempt, Through the work of estant section of the Church is con- Christian schools, and still more of cerned, this reproach is rapidly passing medical missions, it has come to be away, but the effect of centuries of recognized that the Christianity we crooked Christianity is hanl to over- profess is something very different come. from that presented by the unreformed The matter is complicated in an- Oriental churches, while the practical other way, and through no fault of Christianit· of our doctors and nurses the Syrian Christians, From the atti- ha~ secure;l a friendly hearing for the tude of the Turkish authorities it fol- gospel in the 1110st fanatical cities in lows that 'wherever a missionary has the countn-o Christianity has become been stationed there has already been a a subject {or inquiry. ~ Christian congregation, the care of It was the writer's privilege, while which has become a first charge on attached to one of our hospitals, to re- his time and energy; and wherever a ceive constant visits from young edu- station or district has been under- cated Moslems, students of El Azhar manned (as has so often been the and other colIeges, who would discuss case) the missionary in charge has for hours the truths of Christianity, been so largely occupied with these always respectfully and with a desire matters that direct evangelistic work to learn, while in the wards and wait- has perforce suffered. It is important ing-rooms of the hospital the. gospel to realize this, for herein lies one rea- was freel v proclaimed with scarcely son for apparent lack of success a word of opposition. Thirty years among the Moslems of Palestine. The ago such a thing would have been im- fact that the number of ordained mis- possible. But side by side with this sionaries in Palestine has fallen during has come a new development. Edu- the last five years from nine to five cated Moslems realize the necessity has made it impossible to do much ag- for an effective defense of their faith; gressive work. This, of course, ap- many of the younger Ulema are plies to general work, and especially making a study of Christianity from that among men; the work of our their own point of view; they bring medical missions, and much of our forward the arguments both of the women's work, does directlv affect older skeptics, such as Voltaire, and :vr oslems, . of modern rationalists, and make great Lastly, there is the problem pre- play with the conclusions of the higher sented by the bigotry and prejudice of critics. )Jow, the new regime is bound the Mohammedan inhabitants. About to give a great impetus to this move- this one need not say much, for it ment; with the spread of education is common to all Moslem lands. -One and growth of Western ideas ignorant must, however, point out that to the prejudice will give place to intelligent natural arrogance of a ruling race- opposition, as is the case in Egypt to- the Arah is the Englishman of the day. Alreadv we hear of proposed East-the Moslem of Palestine joins schools and colleg'es (perhaps on a a profound belief in the superiority of purely secular basis). which are to his creed: to him the Christian is an rival our own, and now news reaches ignorant and benighted idolater, and the writer of the opening of a Mo- snch Christianity a;; he was accus- hammedan hospital almost within a tomed to see before the advent of our stone's throw of one of Ollr 1110st SllC- missions COnfinlled him in this belief. cessful mission hospitals.

)Jow when we come to consider the In regard to the second problem, work of Protestant missions, we find that' connected with the presence of it is in regard to this problem of Christian churches, we have alsQ ·made

considerable progress. The native among· the Christian families than in l'rotestant congregations – founde([ visiting Moslem women! for the most part by Bishop Gobathave under the fostering care of the It is probable that the new condition Church Missionary Society prospered of things ",ill do something to modify exceedingly, and we have now in Palestine a vigorous body of Syrian the attitucle of Moslem and Christian Christians, who present to the ]105- one toward the other, but it will be a lems an object-lesson of pure Chris- long process. Already the mutual tianity, and by their example' have done embraeings and protestations of much and will do more to raise the brotherhood which ushered in the standard of religious life in the unre- proclamation of the constitution are formed churches of the land. This forgotten, and the various sects have Church is Protestant and evangelical dropt back into 111uch their old attitude to the core, its members are well of mutual distrust and antagonism. taught and grounded in the faith, its While this continues the Syrian Chrisclergy are well-educated, high-minded tians will have little direct influence and devoted men, and, by the consti- on the Moslems. The hope that the tution of the Palestine Church Council Moslems of Palestine may be evanin 1905, it has been set on the road gelized by these Christians has often toward complete organization and been exprest, and even held forth as self-government. But it is not a missionary Church. After fifty years of the only hope. In the writer's opinion teaching we have to admit that we the realization of this hope is far disnave failed to arouse in our Syrian tant, so distant that we may practically brethren any sense of responsibility neglect it in our present plans. It toward their Moslem neighbors, and must be remembered that at present, with a few brilliant exceptions they and until the Turkish Government enhold aloof from our evangelistic work, tirely change their attitude on the and tell us frankly that we are wasting question, it is practically impossible for our time. Nor can one be surprized Turkish subjects to do any aggressive at this; centuries of oppression and work among Moslems; they can not ill-treatment have produced in the with impunity outrage the feelings and minds of these Syrian Christians an at- disregard the injunctions of their own titude toward the Moslem which it is rulers. not easy to change, and even Christian converts from Mohammedanism Now we come back to our first great are looked upon with suspicion, and problem, that of government opposireceived with reluctance. tion. Will not the new government be more favorable to our work than the Moreover, they actively disapprove old? One must say at once that one —one might almost say resent-our sees no reason why they should. The expenditure upon a profitless enter- new rulers are Moslems, as were the prise of resources which they think old, and if they are sincere in their might be better employed. The writer desire for the welfare of their people well remembers a visit which he re- they. will naturally try to prevent what ceived from one of the ablest and most they believe to be the corrupting indevoted of the native clergy, who, in fluence of our propaganda. We must the kindest way possible, pointed out try to look at things from their point that it was scarcely right for me to of view, and to the moral sense of a spend so much time in fruitless discus- sincere Moslem the Christian doctrine sion with Moslems, when I might be of the Trinity, for instance, as he unvisiting and ministering to Christians, derstands it, is positively shocking, and suggested that the ladies of the while the moral results of Christianity mission would be better employed in in Europe seem to him to be by no doing the work of district nurses means brilliant. Moreover, the great danger to the new movement lies in the suspicion that its leaders are not so devoted to Islam as were the old

r<)1OJ Tfl E PRESENT STTUATlON TN

rulers. Islam is intensely conserva- done. The Moslems have proved by tive, and any wide-spread conviction no means inaccessible when the atthat the new rulers were careless about tempt has been definitely made to the interests of the faith might be reach them. This is largely a matter fatal to their regimc. They must gain for personal testimony, and the writer and keep the approval of the religious has found the Moslems of Palestine not less, but more accessible than those leaders of the people. of other parts of the Turkish Empire OIl the other hand, some of our diffi- in which he has worked. The small- ness of apparent results is to be put culties will certainly be lessened. We down to the casual way in which, shall find it easier to secure our treaty owing to lack of men and means, this rights; our educational work will be direct evangelistic work has been prosless subj ect to capricious interference; ecuted. Moreover, the baptisms and it will be less difficult to get permis- confirmations, in recent years have sion to build a hospital or open a proved that it was no longer imschool; and it may be hoped that the possible (as was once thought) for a greater freedom of the press will Moslem convert in Palestine to conmake it possible for 11S to disseminate fess his faith and live. literature as never before. More than this, the improved administration of Now the prospect of increased sucjustice will save our converts who cess depends in reality on the policy boldly confess Christ from much of which mission workers may decide on the persecution, amounting to risk of or be compelled by force of circumlife. which they have hitherto had stances to adopt. At present, whatto bear. They will be under the pro- ever the opportunities may be, we have tection of the law instead of, as often not the workers to take advantage of hitherto, practically outside its pale. them, and there is urgent need for a strengthening of the missions by men To sum up. The new conditions in who can give themselves to direct Palestine are not an unmixt blessing; evangelistic work among Moslems, essome of our difficulties will doubtless pecially in connection with our medical be lessened, but the new government missions. Is it possible? The claims will have greater power to enforce its of other parts of the world have to be regulations in restraint of our work. considered, but it is becoming widely On the other hand, we have a growing recognized that the great battle with tolerance of Western ideas and desire Islam must ultimately be fought out for Vestern learning, a spirit of in- in those Arabic-speaking countries quiry which extends to questions of where it has its stronghold and its religion, and a gradual weakening of home. the old antagonism between Moslem and Christian. Above all, the greater Surely at this time, when God is sense of freedom and securitv will do bringing before us the importance of 1111' II to remove the fear vhich has the Moslem question, the new condihitherto kept back many who would tions in this great stronghold of Islam fain inquire further concerning the constitute a definite call from Him, and thinf,;" which we teach. we can not refuse to make some effort to seize the opportnnities thus provi- On the whole. the prospect from th:s point , f view is hopeful. Even un- llnntially placed within our reach. der the )ld conditions much has been

EDITORIALS

A TOUR OF THE MISSION FIELDS tenth volumc has now been published, After receiving many pressing in- entitled "Western Women in Eastern vitations to visit the Orient, and bear Lands," by Mrs. Helen Barrett Mont- testimony to the truth, the Editof'-:ll- gomery. These books have now chief has nc.w made plans for a trip reached a total circulation of nearly fe to the mission fields of Asia. returning (loo,ooo copies, and probably not less by Egypt and the Mediterranean, I than 1,000,000 women have joincd in expects to sail from Vancouver on the study of them.

Uctober 19, on the Empress of Japan, This double anniversary year has and plans to reach London in time for been celebrated at the various women's the Keswich convention in July, 191I, summer schools for mission study and The itinerary, so far as complete, em- at Northfield, Massachusetts, and else- braces Japan, Korea, China, Siam, where there was presented an im- India, Burma, and Ceylon, and prob- pressive pageant of missions repre- ably Egypt. Arrangements are being senting the progress of woman's mis- made for services with the mission- sionary work. There were nine scenes aries and English-speaking Christians in the pageant.

in India during January anel Febru- The first represented the "Pilgrims ary, 1911. The editor will also be of the Night"-women of all nations, ready, so far as is desired and possi- clad in their national costumes, never ble, to meet with missionaries in other having heard the glad tidings of a lands. He expects to be in Japan and Savior for all people. There were Korea in ~ovember; in Manchuria crippled women of China with their and China in December; in Siam, bound feet, widows of Siam and Burma, and then India, from about India; veiled Moslems from zenanas January I to March I, and in Egypt and harems, Japanese and Korean from March 15 to April 15, ap- women, African slaves and benighted proximately. Polynesians. As these passed across The purpose of this tour is to ac- the scene, they were met by the angelic complish several ends: First, to glean heralds of the Dawn-the messen- information at first hand about the gers of Jesus bringing the glad tidings actual state and needs of the mission of salvation and singing the well- fields; second. to encourage and stim- known words, "Hark, Hark, My Soul; ulate the missionaries ami native Angelic Songs are Swelling." The churches; third, to strengthen faith in pilgrims of the night hear the good the inspired Word of God and loyalty news and follow the messengers with to our divine Redeemer; and finally. in new hope in their faces.

every way to build up the cause of The second scene represented the Bible study and missionary enterprise, early beginnings of women's mission- Any suggestions helpful to these pur- ary societies in the home of Mrs.

poses will be gladly received. The Ropes, of Brookline, in 1829. Then prayers of all readers of the REVIEW followed the tableaux of a missionary's and friends of Christ the world over visit to the women of India, a scene in are earnestly requested. a Chinese hospital, a Japanese kin- dergarten. temple scene in Burma, new A WOMAN'S MISSIONARY PAGEANT women of Turkey, college girls in Con- This year is the fiftieth anniversary stantinople. and an African industrial of the establishment of the Woman's mission. The closing scene was a re- Missionary t:nion, the oldest wo- cessional showing the angel messen- man's foreign missionary society in gers, missionary workers and converts America. It is also the tenth anni- from all lands singing: "Publish the versary of the founding of the Wo- Glad Tidings of Peace."

man's United Mission Study Commit- About 200 people took part in the tee that has accomplished so much for pageant, which was planned and car- mission study in our churches, The ried out by Mrs. Lucy Waterbury Pea-

OF AMERICAN WOMEN'S FOREIGN MISSIONARY SOCIETIES

(From "Western Women in Eastern Lands," by Mrs. Montgomery. Published by Macmillan.) . ,., c0: I.~at 4'~ . o…c..t.; •.."§g . .~ 0: …~ . I~I"~ ., .~: .. ~l;~~ ~ .0~':-"l ~ NAMES OF ORGANIZATIONS ~i i~::::·lI 11::", …. 1.':"1"t:'1>"~;' ,,"".~ ~>< .~~ £ . … '~1;:..2.". .t,o~ ..=U1~;£ 0,,,0', l~ ~ .!~ ~ ti .!l ~.. .".,~ l … ….. ~~ ".~ ~S·~~.-~ ~~ ~ '.l. – ….c';; …… ~~ ~~ ·~O i~~ -;; ~ tII.;g= e. ~-: .=~ ~l~ '"-al''""' 0: ~ .0~:~" ….".i!~ ~!t ~ .~,. :"t: '" ..:<; }!~ ~~ !~ ~~ ~.~ to ~~O i-o~ Ill .. :~:C:"I5) ·Ill:t: ~ .~ to ~~ "" ;:~~ 1:10 -':0,1t,0 1:1 .::1;;1l."3- -E.:'!~! ~'" ht; ~ I 0 t!.~ ~ Q.,…;…, IL Woman's Baptist Foreip Missionary Society. 1873 .. $9,172 1 $117,094 171 1 2,388 6 85 54 4 .. 7 142 666 600 46 20 7 3 2 1 …….. 50,000 ~~ Woman's Baptist ForeIgn Missionary Society 1873 2 1888 4,244 67,806 255 *5,000 2 59 45 3 9 .. 2 120 446 357 28 1 1 .. 1,310,600 *50,000 of the West ………………………. 1870 .. 2 " 1876 18,716 96,641 1,520 9,150 30 138 18 3 13 .. .. 4 44 27 22 1 1 5,716,800 ….. ".. Woman's Missionary Auxiliary to the South- 1873 2 ern Baptist Convention ••••.•.•••..••••.. .. 2 18 21 19 2 .. .. .. 1 United Baptist Women's Mis.iona~ Union 1,827 20,000 48 317 2 16 5 1 9 1 174,800 7,663 of the Maritime Provinces (Cana a) ••.••• 434 .. 3 18 ,1'; Woman's Baptist Foreign Missionary Society 538 2,344 7 84 ., 2 1 14 5 3 2 .. ., .. 1 1 " 1 931,200 ….. .. 1 , ……. ….. of Eastern Ontario and Quebec •••••..•.. .. 12,866 .. 1 6 312 .. .. 9 17 16 1 11 6 Free Baptist Woman's Missionary Society.••• .7 Woman's Board of Missions (Cong.) ••••.••. 1868 5,033 .. 174,626 205 2,300 '1 125 90 6 I5 225 348 300 31 2 15 .. 4 3 2 6,661,101 40,000 ~ Woman's Board of the Interior (Cong.) ••…. 1868 4,096 3d yr. 9 Cana~a. Congregational Woman's Board of 1886 106,061 70 2,466 6 80 56 2 13 1874 547 .. .. 4,015 15 1 350 98 68 21 3 3 2 2 4 3 2,219,400 63,630 MlS510ns •••••••••••••••…••••••••••••• 1871 770 . 60 , 1886 20,000 32 1 2 4 4 .. .. .. .. 1 " 1 …….. 1,400 10 Christian Woman's Board of Missions ••.••• 1889 12,382 .. .. 1884 381,854 90 545 .. '16 50 4 73 4 185 ., j .. ., .. .. ., " ., …….. ….. 11 Woman's Auxiliary (Protestant Etscopal) ••. ….. .. .. 127,415 248 3,335 .. .. .. ., 12 Woman's Auxiliary (Church 0 England, *65 .. .. .. .. .. .. " ., …….. *45,000 1,806 Canada …………………………… 66,147 6 23 1 33 4 .. 10 4 51 2 1 .. .. 1 .. 3 " 1 600 ….. 13 Woman's Foreign Missionary Society of the .. 6,327 .. " 4 514 .. 3 .. .. ., .. .. 1 1 . 1 , …….. ….. Reformed Episcopal Church •••….••..•• .. .. ., .. .. 14 Woman'~ .Missionary Society Evangelical 25,810 20 " .. 6 5 .. 5 1 " .. ., " 2 10,000 8,720 ASSOCIation .••••••••••….•••.•••.••.•..

IS Woman'. Foreign Missionary Society (Friends) 1887 13,819 51,929 310 '115 17 102 58 6 13 .. 6 1'1 42 32 10 .. 3 2 2 1 102,420 5,755 16 Woman's Missionarb, Society of the Evan- 62,874 .. 150 1,048 gelical Lutheran urch …………….. 1879 3 .. 23 4 .. .. 17 Woman's Missionary Society of the Meth- 2,070 14 11 1 15 27 3 2 1 2 600,000 40,000 odist Church, Canada ..•.•••.•••..•….• 1881 2,916 118,917 20 1,655 1 94 37 3 39 15 80 33 .. 8 10 11 113 2 3,752,966 49,699 18 Woman's Foreign Missionary Society of the 39,439 Free Methodist Church .•..••••••••…•• 1894 .. 604 .. *89 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ., .. .. .. ., " 9,359 19 Woman's Board of Foreign Missions Meth- 2,006 1 '15,000 2 123 10'1 2 2" . …. 20 odist Ewscopal Church, South ••••.•..••• 1 1878 4,104 259,178 I 150 4,201 3 92 83 3 4 .. '17 26 4 2 15,413,000 Woman's orelgn Missionary Society of the Methodist Episcopal Church ……..•••.. 1869 .. 7,306 2 312 180 30 86 2il Woman's Foreign Missionary Society of the 4,546 695,961 ]2 3,675 834 717 88 5 24 21 20 11 9 5,848,000 199,846 I Methodist Protestant Church ..••••••..•• 1879 316 15,000 .. 300 1 7 5 .. 2 .. .. 30 .. ., " 22 Woman's Home and Foreign Missionary So- 5 11 3 1 720,000 *7,500 ciety of the Wesleyan Methodist Church .. 1903 . 20 , 4 112 .. .. .. .. ., .. ., 213 Woman's Parent Mite Missionary Society of ….. 4,000 .. .. ., " ., …….. ….. .. 3 the African Methodist Episc~al Church … 1874 150 12,101 .. 1,165 2 23 12 2 2 6 4 2 .. 2 .. ., " ., 223,644 64,000 24 Woman's Foreign Missionary ociety of the Presbyterian Church, Canada •..•••..••.• 1876 .. 6 40 28 14 14 25; Woman's Foreign Missionary Society of the 1,000 70,955 18 812 2 76 39 5 30 ., 542 1 *3,312,000 28,289 Presbyterian Church, Canada, East •••••• 1876 .. .. 23,618 1 1,926,000 *8,786 261 Woman's Foreign Missionary Societies of the ….. 1 333 " .. 2 .. 43 .. .. .. .. ., .. ., " .. .. 460,'130 100 10,869 24 568 .. 680 350 .. .. .. .. Presbyterian Church, U.S.A.•••.•••.••••• 1870 12,991 39 18 18 2 2 *3,500,000 *90,000 27' Woman's Board of Foreign Missions of the Reformed Church in America ••••••••..•• 1875 . .. 67,039 19 450 , 75 65 7 .. 3 18'1 145 131 14 28 Woman's General Missionary Society of the 2,891 ., 12 1 1 1,637,000 …..

United Presbyterian Church of N. America 1883 7,546 . 60,587 335 1,317 , I 71 .. 7 .. 5 .. 7 .. .. .. ., 3 3 .. 2 4,459,400 36,033 29' Woman's Home and Foreign Missionary So- .. .. " ciety of the United Evangelical Church .•• 1884 1,219 .. 15,654 45 320 20 2 1 8 .. .. 1 15 2 3,478,584 ….. 30 Woman's Home and Foreign Missionary So- 5 41 .. 2 2 1 283,100 4,000 ciety of the Advent Christian Church .••.• 1897 300 .. .. 9,195 .. .. .. .. 12 ., " 14 31 Woman's Missionary Conference of the 155 3 30 30 5 .. .. 14 11 United Synod …………………….. 1881 9 10,013 . 5 142 , 2 .. .. .. .. .. .. " ., 24,000 2.516 3Z Woman's Foreign Missionary Society Churches of God ………………………….. 1890 50 2,023 .. .. 27 1 .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 1 …….. 400 33 19 19 3 3 j j 33i Woman's Missionarc Association of the 1 60 5 .. .. ~ United Brethren hurch ……………. 1875 458 40,121 18 718 1 1 25 20 I ., I 2 .. j ….. 602 32 7 3 11 .. .. .. 1 1 50,000 . …. 3 Woman's Board of Missions New Brunswick 6 18 .. .. .. .. .. and Nova Scotia …………………… 1878 252 86,902 6 3 2 .. .. .. . ……. 13,000 35~ Woman's Union Missionary Society of Amer- 1860 j 2,101 . .. " 3 49 39 8 99 I 3 .. .. .. 2 .. .. 4 I4 2 1 346,000 . …. ica for Heathen Lands ……………… 3 United Woman's Convention Auxiliary to " .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. I .. I .. .. .. " II.. 300,000 3,000 I the National Baptist Convention .••••.•… (?) ],000 .. j " , —'

ORAND TOTALS ………………………… 1$139,309 1$3,328,840 3,832 157,443 115 2,368 930 147 441 I 91 16,154 13,263 12,410 329 11 101 I I I 82 80 35 45 163,075,615 815,596 1 1 1 NOTES ON STATISTICAL TABLE Owing to great div!!r~ities.in organization i.t has been very difficult to compile this table. In some the The figures given with asterisk * are careflll estimates by tohnee~tsheicrrde.tarTy.he Tsihxety~pfriovpe omrtiisosnionwahriicehs eases the number of mlSSlQnanes can not be 81ven, because the funds contributed by the women are contributions of the Woman's Auxiliary bea'r to the whole is not appropriated separately. listed are those supported by the united offering made once in three years. The Canadian Methodists (17) maintain street Sunday·schools. The total of column two represents not the gift of one year, but the aggregate of first-year gifts as contrasted with the present aggregate in the next column. In 1861 there was but one society, the The Free Methodist (18) is a strictly auxiliary society without separate credit; and hence has W f1man's Union ~1:issionary Society. If tbe offering of 1861 and that of 1909 be contrasted, a much sharper contrast IS shown. been obliged to carefully estimate its proportionate share of the work, wherever asterisks are found. The Methodist Board, North (20), supports 32 Bible training schools and 158 married women in Societies that are completely auxiliary to the parent board necessarily appear at a disadvantage addition to items listed, It also has homes for lepers, the blind, the deaf, for homeless women. in this table, since they are unable to give separate figures. Asterisks are placed wherever an amount There are training schools for deaconesses and nurses, nigbt-schools and day nurseries. Is an estimate. The Parent Mite Society (23) of the African Methodist Church has a remarkable number of The following forms of work are not included in the tables: contributors, and does a beautiful rescue work. Canadian Baptist (4) has 102 evangelistic schools with an average attendance of 1,500. Baptist Board of the West (2) inclndes in total school 60 Bible training schools. The Canadian Presbyterian Women (25) maintain II deaconess' and missionary training school. Woman's Board of the Interior (8) has three Bible training schools, 250 native teachers, and 13 trainers of Bible womell and evangelists. The American Presbyterian Boards (26)·, seven in number, have presented their combined statistics through their historian. It has been difficult to determine exact numbers because of the Canadian Congregational (9) has built three schools 'n West Africa; supplies Bible instrllction in station plan by which tbey share with the parent board in tbe expenses of entire stations. fo".r Government schools in Ceylon; supports orphans in many lands. The Missionary Society of the United Evangelical (29) is both home and foreign, but only its The Woman's Board, Congregational (7), does a large amount of literary work and translation, foreign work is presented. Eigbt married women are supported, making the total 20 missionaries and has industrial education in many of its schools. as reported. A summer home for missionaries has been recently built at Kuling, China.

The Church of England Auxiliary, Canada (12), reports the rescue of temple children in India, The Woman's Society of the Advent Cbristian (30) has 20 out of its 30 teachers men. Five a foundling home, "The Bird's Nest," in China, and a training home for Bible women in Japan. night-schools in addition to thGse in the table are supported, and two industrial schools. It also supplies outfits for missionaries. The Women of the United Brethren (33) support 11 married missionary women who do mis- The Woman's Auxiliary, the EpiscoJ?B1 Church (11), can not give separate items in regard to sionary work in addition to their home cares. teachers, etc., as the money contributed IS administered by the general board. The Union Missionary Society (35), since it is interdenominational, depends largely upon per- sonal gifts. Many of its 99 evangelists are native helpers among the 2,000 Zenanas reached by this society. A rescue work is maintained in Fatehpur, India. The Woman's Free Baptist (6) supports a widows' home in India.

EDITORIALS

body, of Boston. The costumes were and study classes, campaigns for in- appropriate and many of them beau- dividual gifts from each man in a tiful importations from the East. church and laymen as the most effect- It is a noteworthy fact that 36 ive missionary speakers. A natural American women, with 815,596 mem- result is that young men no longer bers contributing, now give annually look on missions as "mother's hobby,"

$3,328,840 to foreign missions, sup- and men are being quickened into port 2,368 missionaries and 6,154 na- greater spiritual life and activity.

tive Bible women, conduct 3,263 A third result is the correction of schools, publish 45 magazines and 63,- weaknesses and failures in the mis- 000,000 pages of literature. sionary plans and policies of boards and societies. Many able and con- THE VALUE AND DANGERS OF THE scientious business men have for long LAYMEN'S MOVEMENT years served on these boards and have One of the most encouraging de- contributed much to their efficiency, velopments of the day is the awa- but now with hundreds and thousands kening of Christian laymen to a deeper of new men, who have heretofore sense of their individual responsibility thought themselves too busy to give for the extension of the Kingdom of time to missionary business, with these God. In Africa to-day wherever you men taking up their responsibility, find Moslems as merchants and travel- they are sure to insist on energetic ers, you find them also as missionaries business policies and methods in local of their faith, but with Christians it churches, missionary boards and in has not been so, as a rule. Instead, foreign fields. These laymen will not where you have found traders and contribute to work that is run in lax travelers from Christian lands there fashion, and if they invest money as you have found opponents of Chris- trustees of the Lord's wealth, they tian missions. We do not now stop will insist on a strict accounting, on to explain the causes of this difference, capable workers and officers and on tho the reasons are not hard to find, enterprises that show results. In- but we simply call attention to the stances have frequently come to our lamentable fact and look forward to attention where laymen have revo- the time when it will be increasingly lutionized obsolete methods, and have true that more Christian travelers and insisted on the removal of lazy or in- traders will be unordained and un- efficient men because they (the lay- salaried Christian missionaries. This men) were vitally interested in the should be one result of the Laymen's success of the missionary enterprise.

Movement-it has already begun to But there are certain dangers in the produce fruit through the Christian laymen's uprising which we can not business and professional men who afford to ignore. First, there is the dan- have visited the fields and have come ger of too great dependence on busi- home to awaken new missionary in- ness methods. A well-kept ledger and terest and enthusiasm in the Church account-book, careful and definite re- and State. ports, are important, but they do not Another result is seen in the larger necessarily mean a successful work.

place that men are assuming in the Spiritual aims and methods are not direction of missionary affairs in local always appreciated by business men.

churches. We see to-day not only the Organization does not mean life and women's missionary societies and the energy may be expended on planning Sunday-schools and young people and pushing in the energy of the flesh taking their share of responsibility and when better results would come from spending time in mission study and waiting for the guidance of the Spirit prayer, in giving time and money to of God. We mnst keep first things arlvocate and promote missions, but first-and the first thing is bringing we see also men's missionary societies men into living contact with God.

Second, there is the danger of a sentimental. "You ought to," our Lord business man's too great insistence on visible results. Many would have been commands, "the unevangelized are inclined to think that Morrison's first verily perishing." Sometimes appeal seven fruitless years in China, and was made to sympathy and compas- Judson's in Burma and Richards' in sian: "Oh how benighted, how wo- Africa, were wasted. To-day we find ful is their case! Go feed and heal, men criticizing missions because of the invite to the gospel feast." In the meager showing in converts and main it was the clergymen who exgrowing impatient because the statis- horted, and tender-hearted women tical returns are not satisfactory. who made the chief response. Fur- God's 'view is not always man's view ther, not only was the appeal addrest as to what work is most worth while, almost exclusively to the conscience and much that counts most for eternity and the higher emotions, but the treis out of sight for a time. mendous problem was considered only in the mass, or as a whole. A round A third ~anger comes from the very billion upon earth had never heard of enthusiasm with which these energetic Jesus and His salvation. Ah, the huge men take up the cause. Often with- masses of China and the countless out any experience or knowledge of hordes of India! All, too, away off missionary work, they undertake to at the ends of the earth, on the oppostep in and tell those who have long site side of the globe; invisible, and in studied and worked at missions how a sense beyond reach. Missionaries by they should be conducted. They visit the ten thousand are required, and stations on the foreign field and ob- millions of money! If the facts as ject because things are not done with thus stated were taken in, really apunskilled natives as servants as they preciated, then the magnitude of the would be done in America or Eng- task of carrying the gospel to every land. They speak on platforms with- creature was simply dazing, well-nigh out carefully sifting their statements stunning; likely therefore to bring of fact and figures and endeavor to paralysis to faith and courage and show how and how soon the world zeal. It was like gazing through a may be converted in the same way telescope into the starry spaces, like that they would talk to a traveling endeavoring to grasp the infinite. salesman. "With my limited capacity what can I do, or the little church to which I All welcome the enthusiasm, the belong?" Fifty dollars, or five hunability. the interest and help of conse- dred, is a sum ridiculously small, but crated laymen, but let us not forget a drop to the ocean! And so the enthat foreign missions is a science that tire great matter was likely to be dismust be studied to be understood, that missed, as at least chimerical, if not spiritual power, not financial power, is also really insane. that by which the world is to be won, and that there is a divine mathematics No doubt, this method of approach that supersedes earthly calculations; to missionary activity was Scriptural that prayer is a real power and faith a in a sense, and was in agreement with vital factor in missionary work. the facts in the case. But neverthe- less it failed to cover the whole MATHEMATICS IN ALLIANCE WITH ground, was but a partial setting forth of the facts. Besides, it was lacking MISSIONS in a certain masculine quality, and hence failed to appeal convincingly to Will wonders never cease? Surely, a large and important fraction of life is full of surprizes, and the world every community; business men to does move. Hitherto, from the be- wit, who were at heart truly Chrisginning, the appeal to give for the tian, but whose training and exworld's evangelization and to go out perience had al1 been for moneyas heralds of the Cross has been wholly religious, at least ethkal or

I 1l)!0

making, as farmers, mechanics, mer- Canada) have only to do with, say, chants, bankers, manufacturers; while 600,000,000. But further, this share missions were a distinctively church is again subdivided among the various affair for occasional discourse on Sun- denominations-Baptists, Congregaday and in prayer-meeting, with an tionalists, Disciples, Episcopalians, annual collection in addition. Lutherans, Presbyterians, and all the other tribes into which onr Israel is But to-day we behold the thrilling so grievously disrupted. A general spectacle of a new missionary move- council would be in order to make a ment which is wholly by, of and for proper apportionment according to business men, with business ideas and numbers, financial ability, etc. It is methods adopted and put into vigorous also the business of each denominapractise; naturally, with careful cal- tion still further to divide and asculation and planning, with addition, sign, until every local church is made subtraction, multiplication, and di- acquainted with the length and vision much in evidence at every breadth of its obligation to God and point. All "glittering generalities" man as touching the world-wide are relegated to the rear, with fervid spread of the gospe. appeals and tearful pleadings keeping company. It boldly assumes that Another evidence of calm reflection the two Great Commandments, love and business grasp appears in the fact God and your neighbor, are univer- that not a mere assault, an oversally binding. It assumes also that whelming spurt of zeal and endeavor, the countless blessings conferred by is in contemplation, nor even a wild Christian civilization are precious be- crusade to deliver humanity from, yond price, and it is the supreme duty bondage to sin and ignorance and evil and privilege of everyone who es- manifold. Instead, a campaign is teems himself a disciple and follower planned to last at least a generation, or of Jesus, the Matchless Missionary, a quarter-century of steady systo make it his business to do his full tematic warfare-another subdivision share of publishing near and far the of a huge, unwieldy, bewildering mass glad tidings, so hastening the advent into portions which can readily be of the Great Consummation. Upon taken in hand without serious strain the Laymen's Missionary Movement of any kind. How much money is rehas been conferred the high honor of quired for each twelvemonth? How making this radical change of base. many missionaries should be sent abroad each year, men and women, The ground of appeal is far less ordained and unordained, teachers, moral, or religious (in the ordinary physicians, artizans, etc.? A reliable sense of the term) than intellectual. calculation is easily made. Sub- Common sense; that is, business sense, divide these totals among the denomis addrest. The captains of industry inations, and each make the needed are coming to the front as leaders subdivisions among its membership. awake and astir in behalf of missions, men thoroughly acquainted with the Finally, as to the finances. These conduct of vast enterprises; and they same laymen go in unanimously for an are changing the emphasis, and setting utter abolition of the old-time nnion foot new methods of procedure. versal annual collection. In place of Next to nothing is said about the it, these hard-headed, sagacions men thousand millions to whom the Divine of affairs, who know all about money Teacher, the Great Physician, the and how to get it, would divide the Savior from sin is unknown. To be- giving of each year into no less than gin with, the prodigious mass is di- fifty-two equal parts, one for each vided, parceled out among the various Sunday; the same to be pledged 011 Christian peoples, since each one is paper, and deposited in the house of responsible only for its fair share. God in close and healthful connection Americans (the United States and with praise, and prayer, and medita-

tion upon duty and destiny and things all those resident in the lands of darkdivine. Moreover, they do not hesi- ness. Thus stir millions to give libertate to publish abroad the astound- ally, and to carry the glad tidings of ing statement that if all in America salvation. But, from first to last, fail who name the name of Christ would not also to combine the ideas, and contribute regularly every week but methods, and spirit of a rising host of five cents (give a nickel to save the our men of affairs, our business leadworld !), the mere matter of a car- ers; which also they are pushing fare, all the money needed would be vigorously, even "hilariously," from forthcoming. Even omitting one- ocean to ocean, whereby it seems certhird of the members of the Protestant tain that missionary giving will speedchurches in America as being indiffer- ily be increased fivefold, if not even ent and unworthy of their calling as tenfold. Christians, the missionary funds available each year would be increased COSTLY SACRIFICE OF LIFE fivefold, would aggregate $5°,000,000 ! Twelve serious casualties are re- These level-headed men of affairs ported in the last eight years in conhave reached yet another conclusion nection with battleships, gunboats, and as to the handling of church finances. cruisers, and guns in forts. The total Of course, our first duty is to our tlumber of killed is 124 and wounded home, our neighborhood, the local 160. Had there been any such list of church; and therefore the larger por- violent deaths in connection with tion of our giving not only may, but mission enterprises, how much would also should be here expended. Next have been said about the "awful waste comes the appeal of patriotism, love of missions!" If human beings, in of country, care for the well-being of their warlike schemes, can throwaway every class of our fellow citizens. so many precious human lives in mere But too many stop here, and are in- preparation, in the absence of condifferent as touching the welfare of flict, shall we begrudge the cause of our Redeemer the sacrifice of life in all resident beyond our national the actual conflict of the ages between boundaries. But not so the laymen truth and error? connected with the Missionary Movement. On the contrary, they are care- ANOTHER PLEA FOR THE BIBLE ful to state often and most earnestly that not less than 25 per cent, one- Dr. J. Wilbur Chapman has anquarter, of all we contribute should nounced as a result of his evangelistic tour of the world his conviction that conscientiously and by system be be- a world-wide evangelistic mission is stowed upon lands beyond the sea, the Church's great opportunity now. upon those to whom the glad tidings He offers two suggestions: (I) That have never been proclaimed. the official boards of all the denomina- tions should, in order to retain the Thus we are possest of these two position now held in the mission fields, methods of handling the momentous at once recall every man and woman theme of Christian missions, the under their control who doubts for a greatest concern possible to the moment the authority and integrity of Church of Christ. But, altho differ- the Scriptures or questions the suing widely at many points, they are preme glory of the person of Jesus not hostile or in rivalry; instead are Christ; and (2) that a small body of allies in cooperation, each supplying reenforcements should be sent to what the other lacks. We only need China, Japan, Korea, France, Gerto keep each in its place, doing its many, and England, to do for those work in its own way. From the pul- lands what his own mission party had pits of Christendom and through the done in their Australian tour. press continue to picture the pitiful case of the great mass of humankind, KOREA "1887-Christmas day-first admin- The Phenomenal Mission istration of the Lord's Supper; seven Says The Korea Mission.Field: Koreans present. Taking the list of names III the back of our quarter-centennial report and PRESBYTERIAN MISSIOX 1906 1909 adding together the t~rt;1s of all t~e members of our miSSIOn now m Total places of worship….. . . . 628 767 service, plus the time given of all de- 423 ceased and resigned members, not de- Total church buildings……… 263 ducting time off for furloughs, we Total schools …………….. 208 344 have a total of 965 years up to Sep- Total scholars .,………….. 4,356 7,504 tember, 1909. At that time, ~ot Total baptized Christians ……. 12,546 15,079 counting all Christians who have died Total adherents ………….. 44,587 59,787 during the 25 years, nor an'y who be- Total native contributions ….. $27,418 lieved and fell away, we sttll had net $40,088 25,057 baptized, and in all 100,000 adherents; that is to say, an average A Strenuous Sunday of 25 baptized and 75 adherents ~e­ sides, for every year of every m- Rev. J. S. Nisbet, of Chunju, under dividual missionary, including wives, in our mission, since the mission was date of May 28, writes: "Since you founded. In other words, to use a saw a statement of my sickness, some concrete example, Dr. Underwood, time ago, and may have been thinking with his 25 years of service and Mrs. that I am out of the working list, I Underwood with 2I, can feel that on feel prompted to write you of last the average of the mission, 4,600 Sunday spent at Mackay. I was in saved souls have been given them for the storm district so far as our church their hire. In the year 1909, the net work is concerned. Sunday morning gain in adherentage of the Church was I called the session together at 8 A.M. 22,599, and this divided among the 101 We were in session meeting, examinmen, women, wives, doctors and all, ing candidates for church-membership averages 223 souls for every indi- till ten o'clock. At ten we went to the vidual in the mission for that par- church, where I conducted services, ticular year. leading the singing, preaching till eleven, then conducting the sacra- The Phenomenon Restated mental services, baptism and the Lord's Supper. Then for thirty min- Dr. Horace Underwood 'writes as utes we held a congregational meeting, follows in the Record of Christian electing an elder and one deacon. We Work: adjourned for dinner. Again at four 0'clock I took up the afternoon "Altho missions the world over are service, which lasted for more than to-day assuming an almost romantic an hour. Closing this service, I rode interest, and the awakening of the three miles to Han-ta-di, where I peoples with the incomputable possi- preached again at night. A number bilities only just beyond the threshold of to-day is thrilling the hearts of the of our leaders were gathered there for watchmen of Zion, events in Korea conference and reports of work. The are without doubt far in the vanguard. man from Soo-goo-chi reported that "The fact that one of our churches when they began to meet there some carrying on work in Korea can so few months ago only some fifteen or soon publish the following statement twenty met for worship, but now as of results is, to say the least, unique, many as seventy and even eighty come. and deserves the attention of all stucients of the progress of the Kingdom Korean Conditions of God: A staff correspondent of the North "1884-First missionary sent out. China Daily News gives a glimpse of present conditions in Korea that is not without its hopeful aspects for those who believe Japanese authority may as well be accepted as permanent. The insurgent movement is practically dead, the only violence and marauding being attributable to bandits such as have always existed in Korea and Manchuria. On the other hand, the,

sycophantic native political societies, police administration of the country. which for a long time weekly peti- This is the first step, and the final step tioned the resident for Japanese an- will be taken when Korea is practically nexation, have also moderated their under guard. The garrisons are being agitation. Many of the disreputable steadily strengthened. The mass of Japanese who came with the first oc- Koreans accept the reports of the apcupation have been weeded out and proaching annexation with indiffersucceeded by a better class. ence, since their country has been virtually annexed to Japan since the Something has been gained toward war with Russia. The small but active securing native confidence. But it is anti-Japanese element, however, may still a government by Japanese for make trouble, tho Japan will take Japanese. Rightly or wrongly, the every precaution to prevent it. Korean suffers when opposed by a Japanese in the courts, or when Jap- JAPAN anese aggression in public brings about police interference. And the Japan and Russia Sign New Treaty Korean Emperor, broken physically and mentally, an absolute prisoner in Dr. Joseph Dillon, special correhis little palace, sees only his own spondent, editor and author of books household, which is not free of Jap- in English, German, French and Rusanese spies.-The Interior. sian, has an article in the current Con- temporary Review in which he says The World's Largest Prayer-meeting that a new treaty is about to be signed by Rnssia and Japan which will form Where is it to be found? In Chris- a close alliance between those governtian America, or Europe? Not so, but ments. This alliance, Dr. Dillon says, is an unintentional result of American in "heathen" Korea. Secretary A. J. diplomacy. Tho Secretary Knox de- clares that the policy of the United Brown says: "I attended the prayer- States has been inspired with an almeeting in the Yua Mot Kol Church, truistic spirit toward China, the auin Seoul. It was a 'dark and rainy thorities at Tokyo and St. Petersburg night. A Korean was to lead, and the say that it has been pursued with antipeople did not know that a traveler Russian and anti-Japanese aims. from the West would be present, but I found about 1,000 Christians as- How to Evangelize Japan sembled. No visitor, however distinguished, would bring out 1,000 In an article on "The Future of American church-members on prayer- Higher Christian Education in Japan," meeting night in any city in the United by the Rev. Dr. Ibuka, president of States, but 1,200 people packed the the Meiji Gakuin, in Tokyo, he asks Syen Chyun Church the evening we the question, "Is Christian education spent there. It was worth going far necessary in Japan?" and one of the to hear these Christians pray. They reasons given is : "We Christians feel bow with their faces to the floor, as it incumbent upon us to spread Christhose who know what it is to have tianity over the whole world as far as daily audience with God. This spirit lies in our power, and especially to of prayer pervades their daily lives." evangelize the whole of our own coun- try. And we desire this, not merely as Korea a Japanese Province Christians, but as patriots; we believe it to be for the highest welfare of the A Tokyo dispatch says there is rea- country. We believe it is impossible son to believe that an announcement without Christianity to promote the of the formal annexation of Korea by highest character in our countrymen." Japan is imminent. In accordance with the convention recently made be- And when it is asked: How shall we tween Korea and Japan, the Korean Christianize Japan? the answer, of Emperor has issned an edict deleg-a- course is: First of all, by direct evanting to the Japanese Government the

W ] GFNERAL MISSION.RY

gelization. But to limit the means to you leave your wife 111 the event of this is a shallow conception. If we your death?' are aiming to influence a people truly and deeply, the leaders of the people " 'Explain the Trinity.' must be influenced, and then the ideas " 'Explain the following passages in and ideals of the whole people will be the Bible.' Christianized. "The young man was floored; but, admiring the bright woman, sent a In other words, the men who hold letter the next day to his preacher the reins in every realm of society friend asking him to arrange the marmust be given a Christian conception riage. About the same time a letter of the world, and must be cultured in came from the young lady saying she living by the principles of Christ. To didn't care to become the wife of this achieve this, it will not be enough young man !"-Foreign Mission Joursimply to proclaim the gospel to the nal. people at large; there must be the very highest educational institutions, where CHINA men of strong Christian character can be bred and trained for leadership. Changing China The Government No Foe to Mi.sions The material and intellectual condi- tions of China have changed greatly The Residency-General and the mis- during the past five years. The Rev. sionaries are allies in the best sense G. A. Bunbury, principal of the Trainof the word, their common and single ing College, Hongkong, writes: aim being the uplifting and enlightenment of the Korean people. The "Railways are being carried in all Residency-General views with great directions, mines are being opened, insatisfaction the remarkable growth dustries of all kinds are being proof Christian influence among the jected. But these material changes, Koreans, for it can not but help it in surprizing as they are, are but sympthe reform work it is undertaking on toms of a far more wonderful inteltheir behalf. In the same way it is lectual change which is rousing China our belief that the missionaries, with- to a new life. Everywhere one obout exception, welcome the success serves the creation of a national sensteadily being achieved by the Res- timent which views the whole nation idency-General in its work, because it as one. This national sentiment has is bound to smooth their way for roused China to limit the growth of spreading the gospel.-Yorodzu. opium. It urges the Government not to accept foreign loans, and guaran- The New Woman in Japan tees the money for railway construc- tion under conditions which shall se- A missionary writes: "I heard of cure (if possible) its expenditure in a a real 'new woman' of Japan the other proper way. day. Her hand was sought in marriage by a young man. A friend, a There is at present no indication that Christian minister, was asked to be the the new national sentiment is antigo-between. He invited the two young Christian, but neither is it Christian; people to meet at his house, and after to me it seems to be, strictly speaking, they had taken a look or two at each skeptical. All religions are viewed by other, and the young man had put a it "on their merits."-C. M. S. Gazette. few questions to her, she proceeded to ask him a few, as follows: The Population of China " 'What is your opinion of woman?' At the World Missionary Confer- "'Of a wife's duty to her mother- ence in Edinburgh a Chinese Christian in-law?' enthusiastically stated that the popu- " 'Of divorce?' lation of China was five hundred mil- " 'What part of your estate would lions, and not four hundred millions as usually stated. Recent statistical tables, published by the Government in Peking, however. cause the impression

that even the estimate of a population acknowledged as never before in the of four hundred millions is too high. new life and thought of this wonderful The recent official census in China decade. The village or city that has met with very great difficulties because not felt the thrill of the new day is a Chinese seem to object strenuously to marked exception. The opportunity is being numbered, and many hid suc- now before the Church to do a real cessfully from the enumerators, who spiritual work in the hearts of sincere after all counted habitations only, not men and women. It is not a time of people. They counted twenty-seven crowded chapels and great excite- millions of human habitations in all ment over the foreign religion, but Chinese provinces, except Shansi, spiritual leaders of the Church agree Kwangsu, Tszchuan, Mongolia, Tibet, that intelligent and honest men and and the Anhui province, and estimated women are accepting the gospel as their inhabitants at one hundred and perhaps never before."-Missionary sixty-five millions. Of the six Herald.

provinces where no census was taken, A Chinese Laymen's Movement Tschuan alone is said to contain forty millions of people, but the Chinese Bishop Graves writes in the Spirit Government announces officially that of Missions: it estimates the number of inhabitants "About four years ago a society of the Chinese Empire at no more known as the Men's Auxiliary was or- than two hundred and fifty millions. ganized in the district of Shanghai.

The number of houses in Peking and Its object is to bind the laymen in all its suburbs was shown to be 251,014, our various stations together, to raise so that it seems to be sure that the money for Church work and to rouse capital of China has no more than the men to do work for the Church one and a quarter millions of in- among non-Christian Chinese. Inter- habitants. est in the enterprise has gradually Rediscovering China grown, and one station after another has established branches. At the pres- With a joy too great for words, ent time every station has a branch ex- Rev. Edward H. Smith finds himself cept Yangchow, where there are not after a furlough of eighteen months as yet Christians enough to constitute back at his station in China, with its one.

familiar scenes. But some of their "The Chinese laymen have year by familiarity has disappeared even in year shown greater capacity for con- that short space. Such changes have ducting the affairs of the society. It taken place as made it necessary al- is very much their own, for by the n1.ost to rediscover his field of work. constitution the foreign missionaries The material progress made in so are not eligible to hold office in it. Up brief an interval Mr. Smith pictures to this year I have myself presided at thus: the meetings in order to insure that "Bigger schools and more of them; the society should have every en- the opium reform pushing the drug couragement and also start on rea- steadily and finally out of the empire; sonable lines. Last year the ability the city streets lighted by night and, of the members to manage their own wond~r of wonders, swept by day; affairs without any help beyond oc- uniformed and orderly police keeping casional advice from the foreigners order on these same streets, while the was quite evident, so I wrote to the postman makes his rounds, delivering committee suggesting that at the meet- newspapers and letters. Telephone ing this year their own president bells resound in the schools and larger should preside and the business be en- stores, as well as in yamens; but the tirely in their hands. This plan was best of all is the persuasive influence followed at the meeting recently held, of the Christian Church, felt and and was abundantly successful."

MISSIONARY

What a Century Has Wrought while helping to defend the legation as a captain of the spearmen, had Just a hundred years ago five Amer- wheeled his mother 400 miles, from ican college students offered them- Ankin to Peking, that she might learn selves to carry the Gospel of Christ to read the Bible for herself. Of late to the non-Christian world, and the years her strength had been unequal to American Board was organized to much travel among the villages, so send them forth on their errand. At oftentimes she sat in the gate of the the World's Missionary Conference in Woman's Foreign Missionary Society Edinburgh the announcement was compound at Taianfu, preaching Jesus made that within a few months 500 to the passers-by. As she herself wrote Chinese students had offered them- two years ago: "I do not know selves for the work of evangelizing whether or not the Lord will still give their fellow countrymen. Such evi- me so much strength, but if I can do dence of a century's progress of Chris- nothing else, here is the gate, and tianity ought to strengthen the faith many passers-by. I'll just sit in it of the most discouraged worker for and speak a word when I cari."- Christ.-Congregationalist. W arId-wide Missions.

Hand in Hand at Pekinir Christian Literature in China Five of the missions in Peking- The Rev. D. MacGillivray, of the London Mission, American Board, editorial staff of the Christian Litera- American Presbyterians, American ture Society for China, to which the Methodist Episcopals, and Young London Missionary Society has long Men's Christian Association-have contributed, sends us an interesting just formed a Union Evangelistic So- letter which space alone prevents us ciety, with a view to undertaking new from printing in full. He mentions forms of work and reaching classes of that the appearance of Halley's comet people large!y untouched by mission- was regarded as a baleful portent of ary effort. coming woes, and relates how, several months before the comet became vis- "The first part of the society's pro- ible to the naked eye, no less than gram is to carryon a preaching IOO,OOO copies of a' big poster about campaign at the different temple fairs the comet were issued by the society held in and around the city of Peking, and sent to every post-office and teleand attended bv tens of thousands of graph station in the empire. A weekpeople daily, an"d also to reach some of ly and a monthly newspaper are issued, the thousands of pilgrims who an- copies of which go to the highest ofnually make their way to a shrine ficials of the land, proclaiming week which, tho far distant, is the most by week the Savior's mc<sage of peace famous in the province. Most en- and love. A large number of books couraging have been the results at- and pamphlets has also been issued, tending the beginnings of this united and many great works, such as Drumeffort. The mat shed erected for the mond's "Program of Christianity," purpose, and capable of seating 200 have been translated. We acknowlpeople, was packed every day with an edge with gratitude the excellent work orderly and attentive audience. done by this society, which has so abundantly strengthened the hands of A Saint of Renown our own missionaries in the greatest of our fields.-World-wide Missions. "Grandmother" Wang, of wheelbarrow fame, widow of our first Meth- New Openings in Tibet odist convert in Shantung Province, and for many years a Bible woman in These stirring words come from Dr. North China conference, died March Shelton, on the Tibetan border: "We 18, at the age of eighty-six. Long are exceedingly glad to know of Dr. ago her son, iVang Chen Pei, who was Hardy's appointment, and shall be so later killed during the Peking siege glad to see him. Ve not only need even the lowest American standard. Brother Hardy but several more." It is said by those who ought to know Tibet, the "Great Closed Land," is better, that England ought to withnow open for five hundred miles far- draw from India. Should she do it, ther on the Chinese side than it ever it would be one of the greatest political has been, says Dr. Shelton, of the crimes of the centuries. The only Christian Missionary Society. He re- hope for India is in the complete ancently made a trip over the border nihilation of the whole Brahmanical where missionaries have never before system. been allowed to go, and when his purpose and ability to doctor the sick was Pandita Ramabai's Wells known he was permitted to go where and when he pleased. He was urged Those who have visited Pandita to stay, and was asked to return as Ramabai's settlement at Mukti will soon as possible. Nearly one-half of remember the large wells, with their the five hundred or six hundred abundant supply of water. The Mukti patients that Dr. Shelton treated were Prayer Bell tells of the naming of people who had never before seen a these sources of life after the names white man, and the painless removal of the fruits of the spirit-Priti of fingers, toes and other minor opera- (Love), Anand (Joy), Shanti tions were miracles to them. Another (Peace), Dhir (Long-suffering), Upaphysician, Dr. Hardy, has been ap- kaT (Goodness), Vishvas (Faith), pointed to this borderland station, but K ripa (Mercy) , Upalati (Springing more are needed. God is blessing the up), Sanjeevani (Reviving), Asha work and the missionaries are busy (Hope). On the morning of April 7, night and day with the work. Pandita Ramabai and a number of her workers and visitors met for praise INDIA and prayer with the workmen at a spot which had been chosen for a new Self-rule Not Yet Possible well. The fifty-fifth chapter of Isaiah was read, a chapter which the Chris- A missionary, speaking of the situ- tian workmen who were about to dig ation in India. says the extreme party the well had learned by heart. It was among the Indians are asking for self- remarked by a worker that the men government, and the moderates want would often think of that chapter as more voice in government. The Brit- they worked in the sun. The name of ish Government has been acceding the new well is J ehovah-Shammah. somewhat to the requests of the latter, The spot is already marked for another and shows a willingness to grant the well, which is to be called Jacob's well. people mo.re as soon as it is possible. It is to be on the roadside, where any The missionary says there is no doubt passers-by may have a drink of water, that many Americans sympathize with and hear the gospel of Jesus Christ. India in her efforts to secure more "Please pray," says the Prayer Bell, voice in the government. No doubt "that the wayfarers may hear, believe, many sympathize with the desire for and be saved."-Bombay Guardian. complete self-government. If the moderates should gain all they are now A Pundit's Admiration for Jesus asking for, it would not be a blessing to India, while the success of the ex- The Rev. F. Bower, of Trichur, tremists at present would be disastrous Cochin, writes in the C. M. S. Gazette: to the people of India. They are not yet ready for even a large share in "A few weeks ago there was a pious government, much less for self-gov- and educated Hindu living at Guruernment. It is difficult to find an wayoor, called Swamiar, who had Indian official whose standard of truth great admiration for our Lord. The and honesty would measure up to prayer which the Redeemer offered when dying on the cross of Calvary for His cruel enemies seems to have greatly imprest him. This devout man How to Secure Church Self-government said one day in a lecture at Guru- The Rev. L. B. Chamberlain, of wayoor: 'I have knowledge of other Madanapalle, read a paper at the Genreligions as well as my own, but of all eral Assembly of the South India the incarnations that I am acquainted United Church at Trivandrum, in with, I consider that Christ is the best. which he thus defined the working of Oh, my Hindu friends, look at the self-government by the London Mis- Christ of the Bible! How kind and sionary Society in India. In the good He is. Hear His prayer for His Travancore mission of the London enemies: "God, forgive them, for Missionary Society, self-support is exthey know not what they do." Who pected as a preliminary to the organican pray like that unless He be a zation of a congregation into a "pasloving and good divine incarnation?' " torate with its own pastor and inde- Agitation for Christian Union pendent self-government." In the Madras presidency and Mysore, there The Dnyamodaya makes sugges- is a threefold classification of churches. tion toward interdenominational ap- The first-class churches contribute all proachment, seconding one made by expenses of the church, select their the Bombay Guardian. Our contem- own pastor, anu direct their own afporary says, "Surely every mission at fairs. The next class contribute a its regular and also at its occasional half or more of all expenses, select special gatherings could with great their pastor from among nominees of profit invite representatives from other the mission, and direct their affairs missions to give the best inspiration of advised by a representative of the mistheir beliefs and the best counsel of sion. The third class consists of those their experience on various problems who give less than a half of the exof thought and administration. Every penses. These are under the control mission's successful attempt and the of the mission, which appoints a failures, too, can furnish helpful sug- catechist to the pastoral charge. gestions to other workers in the same field, or can evoke helpful suggestions A Laymen'. Movement in Ceylon from those who have been more suc- Last October a public meeting was cessful." We fully agree with our con- held in Colombo to consider what temporary in saying that "personal in- steps should be taken toward forming tercourse can do more than can publish- a laymen's international and interde- ed ideas and reports, criticisms and ap- nominational missionary movement in probations, toward that mutual under- . Ceylon. Mr. T. Gracie proposed the standing, mutual appreciation, mutual following resolution: "That, in view suffering, mutual inspiration and an of the large number of districts and effective cooperation which are needed villages in this island that are still un- for the joyful and successful prosecu- evangelized, and recognizing the fact tion of Christian work. Such inter- that the laymen of all the churches are change of friendly visits need not wait equally responsible with the ordained for the formation of any organization. ministers to pray and work for the Indeed, they may be the most effica- coming of the Kingdom of God upon cious means of consummating a formal earth, and that every Christian should union. At any rate, they would be recognize the world as his field and to not difficult and yet valuable means of the measure of his ability work for its Christian fellowship and Christian evangelization, the time has come, in service." The only proviso we should the opinion of this meeting, when a ask for is that these interchanges forward movement should be made on should be recognized as th6roughly the part of the lay members of the informal rather than official. The Christian churches of Ceylon with a more we know of each other the view to enlisting the intelligent and better.-Indian Witness. practical interest of others in the evan-

gelizatiull of the island. That, with for Christianity and attraction toward this end in view, an association called it, it is, above all things, necessary to the 'Ceylon Laymen's Missionary raise the spiritual life of the Oriental Movement' be formed, and that a Christians, to win them to the gospel, committee be appointed to organize so that they may show forth the power the movement, and to take such steps of their Lord in their own character.- as shall be necessary to carry into ef- Evangelisches Missions-Magazin. fect the objects in view." Difficulties of Work for Moalema ASIA-MOSLEM LANDS This year the leaders of the consti- Non-Turks in Turkey tutionalists in Urumia, writes Rev. R. M. Labaree, felt that they must demon- One-half of the 20,000,000 inhab- strate that they were loyal and zealous itants of Turkey are not Turks. The Mohammedans; otherwise they could non-Turkish IO,OOO,OOO are of many not keep their hold upon the people. races, Jews, Armenians, Bulgarians, The result was that there was a great Greeks, Arabs, Syrians, Kurds, etc., recrudescence of fanaticism at this each speaking their own tongue. In time of mourning. Men that had Robert College, the American institu- never taken part in such demonstration, which has done more than any tions were forced to take their place in other to raise up leaders of the empire, the processions, and march with straw the common language of instruction upon their heads, and with their and conversation is English-the use breasts red with beating, as signs of of which is steadily increasing in the their grief. Near East. After a Mohammedan has accepted Will the Young Turks Favor Chria- Christ, what are you going to do with him? For Moslem converts there is tianity? always the trying question of making a living in a society wholly hostile to The Bote aus Zion, a journal pub- them. In times past this has been lished in Jerusalem, discusses the prob- tried, and the result has been the gathable effects of the Young Turk revo- ering into the Church of a number of lution on the spread of Christianity those who in China are called "rice among Mohammedans. Whether the Christians." Weare very careful not religious freedom which is now nom- to hold out any hope whatever to any inally allowed will be translated prac- inquirer that we will assist him to tically into liberty of conversion to earn his living. Christianity, only the future can show. Far more important for mission work EUROPE than the lessened danger of conversion is an increase of susceptibility in Nuggets from Edinburgh Mohammedans to the preaching of the gospel. The experience of Egypt does How unlike the first Christian counnot encourage us to think that relig- cil. The other morning I was sudious freedom will lead to increase denly overwhelmed with the thought of conversions. Mohammedans look of the contrast between this assembly down on Christianity with disdain, and that first council, as it is someand even when the superior progres- times called, at Jerusalem. There the siveness of Christian nations stares little conclave of apostles reached the them in the face, they do not recognize reluctant conclusion that the new way that it has anything to do with re- of life was to be preached to Gentiles, ligion. Moreover, the Christians over provided they would maintain one or whom they have ruled for centuries two cherished prejudices of Judaism have done little to convince them by about food. Here this great council, their life and conversation of the gathered from all nations and tongues, moral superiority of Christianity. To was discussing the complete conquest infuse into the Mohammedan respect of the world for Christ, including the

GENERAL MISSIONARY INTELLIGENCE 70<

12,000,000 Jews, as an important, but Many Fathers in Israel very small, element in the great enterprisc.-REv. R. F. HORTON. And what veterans these are! John Ross, who went to Manchuria thirty- Every Race Represented eight years ago, and has seen the work grow from three converts the first year The first dramatic little scene to to 30,000 baptized converts; George catch the eye at Edinburgh was the Nettleton, who has been so long in vision of a Chinese man, in flowing the Fiji Islands that he has seen them blue-gray robes and a black cap sur- grow from savagery into a Christian mounted by a scarlet button, in conver- people; Andrew Watson, who found sation with a Hindu under a volumi- four schools in Egypt forty years ago, nous turban. As they strolled along and now sees gathered into Christian together they met a full-blooded negro schools 17,000 pupils, and in more pastor, and in a trice were in close and modern times, S. A. Moffatt, who has laughing talk. It was a vignette of seen the transformation of Korea. the whole conference. My first tea was in company with Dr. Julius Rich- GREAT BRITAIN ter, as humorous as he is learned, and chief of German authorities on world- Doings of the Bible Society missions, together with Dr. Boehmer, a splendid Dutch editor and author At its recent annual meeting, the from Furstenfelde. By the side of a British and Foreign Bible Society was Swiss one saw a Korean who rubbed able to present a report that should shoulders with a Japanese principal. strengthen the faith and inspire the A brown-gowned member of a Hindu activity of the men and women of the brotherhood strolled with a Singhalee, churches of Christendom. The unwhile a Burman fraternized with a precedented number of issues amountdelegate from the Punjab. Racial ed to 6,620,024, including 843,784 difference was absolutely lost in a Bibles, 1,198,226 New Testaments, glowing sense of brotherhood of aim and 4,578,014 smaller portions of and spirit. And, quite apart from the Scripture. This is 685,000 in excess influence of the discussions in the con- of the output of the previous year, and ference, these tea-table talks and strolls constitutes a record in the history of under the evening sky have cemented the society. Much of the growth thus international friendships and opened indicated is to be accounted for by floodgates of sympathy. the opening up of the Eastern world to the incoming of the missionaries of How the Gospel Unifies Christianity.

Very noteworthy was the place China Inland Minion given to the representatives of the native churches, Indian, Chinese, J ap- For this society the year 1909 anese, Korean, and African. No opened with a band of 928 missionspeakers were more welcome, and aries, located at 210 central stations, none more suggestive and helpful. while it closed with 934 foreign work- There was, indeed, an attempt to elim- ers residing at 21 I central stations, or inate the word "native" altogether a net increase of only 6 workers and from the description of these brethren one central station. During the twelve and the churches represented by them. months, however, 38 new workers It had crept into the agenda by mis- joined the mission, 27 being members, take. Bishop Brent, of the Philippines, and I I associates-1 I being men and in this connection, made a good point 27 women. In addition to the loss by when he declared, "I am a native death of 9 valued workers, 23 (in- Canadian, by choice an American cluding wives) retired for health, citizen, by grace and the call of the family, and other reasons. mission a Philippine, bnt I do not cease to be a native Canadian." Without including the funds of the associate missions (with their 207 workers), which do not appear on the

mIssIon books in England, it was re- from actual starvation. Especially is corded that the income received in this change of mind noticed at Ivry, Great Britain, together with the funds where the mayor celebrates "civil bap- received in China, and the remittances tisms" once a month, at which time made to China from North America the parents promise that their children and Australasia, amounted to 153,703. shall not receive any kind of religious Comparing these figures with 1908 instruction. The religious attitude of from the same sources, there was a the community may be inferred from decrease of iI 1,626. this institution. The council now seems to be willing to aid the missions During the year no fewer than as a result of the practical aid fur- 2,828 persons have publicly declared nished at the hall. their faith in Christ by baptism, and of this number some 600 were aborigines Third German Colonial Congress in the province of Yunnan, in which province hitherto comparatively few Invitations have been issued for the converts have come out on the Lord's third German Colonial Congress which side. In the thirty-five years of the is to meet in the Imperial Parliament mission's history which preceded the Building in Berlin from October 6 to Boxer crisis of 1900, some 12,964 per- 8. Announcement is made that the sons were baptized. In the nine years congress will have seven sections, of which have succeeded that time of which one will deal with the religious, terrible persecution, the mission has educational, and moral conditions in had the joy of receiving as communi- the German colonies. The German cants into the Church over 20,176 per- miSSionary societies, both Roman sons, which makes a total of more Catholic and Protestant, have been inthan 33,000 from the commencement. vited to select subjects and speakers Of this number, making allowances for this religious section of the confor death, removals, and church dis- gress, and all have accepted the invicipline, more than two-thirds are still tations. Their representatives have spared to witness for their Lord and met and decided that two questions, Master in their homes and neighbor- viz., that of the education of the nahoods. tives and that of the progress of Islam, shall be discust, and that a complete THE CONTINENT statistical atlas of all missionary work in German colonies shall be jointly The Latest Numbering of Israel published.

According to figures recently pub- The congress will be largely attendlished in Berlin by the Central Statis- ed, since 117 institutes, societies, etc., tical Bureau, the Jewish population of interested in its purposes, have already the world numbers 11,625,650. Of accepted the invitations, while in the these Europe holds 8,892,000, with congress of 1902 only 70, and in that 5,082,342 in Russia, '2,034,500 in of 1905 only 87 institutes and societies Austria, Germany 607,862, Great participated. Britain 240,540, France 95,000, Spain 4,000, etc. German Institute for Medical Missions A Flood Which Helped a Mission A capacious building of three and a half stories was recently dedicated One of the results of the flood in by Christian people in Germany. Paris is a changed attitude toward the Chiseled in the stone across its mid- McCall missions. Where there was at front it bears the name, whose equivabest only a sullen permission to hold lent in English is, "German Institute the services, there is now a cordial ap- for Medical Missions." That such preciation of the gooe! work done in special provision should be made in the time of sore need. In several of this age to train students for medical the McCall halls soup kitchens were work on mission fields is natural, as it established, where many were kept

IO J GENERAL MISSIONARY

is also that Germany should be for- were executed. Eleven hundred famward in the undertaking. What is ilies, comprizing about 6,000 persons, more surprizing, while it is highly were notified to quit the city. The satisfactory, is the place where this regulations divided these into three building is located. It is at Tiibingen classes. The first class were made up and in close alliance with its univer- of those Jews who have small famsity, whose fame has so long been for ilies or no families at all. They were hindrance rather than furtherance to notified to leave Kieff within five days. the progress of Christianity. But now Many of the people who belonged to at the very center from which the as- this class were small stockholders, saults of Baur and Strauss were di- agents, etc. The second class comrected against the historical credibility prized families of five or more memof the Christian gospel, special oppor- bers. They were granted fourteen tunities are given to missionaries of days to wind up all business and leave that gospel to qualify themselves for the city. Among these were counted an important branch of their work.- artizans unable to work, who are Missionary Herald. therefore under the law ipso facto not entitled to live in Kieff, and the A Report on Catholic Missions widows of artizans. The third class comprized the proletariat, the poorest, A report on Catholic missionary including beggars. These were nowork has just been issued by Mon- tified to be prepared to leave at any signor Freri, general director of the moment. The lett~r says that since Society for the Propagation of the many of these unfortunates have not Faith. This report shows an increase given up all hope, and as they move in gifts of $61,755 over last year, but heaven and earth to regain their rights directs attention to the necessity for of domicile, and as the whole prothe Church at home to make greater ceeding of expUlsion is still going on, sacrifices for the sake of its workers it is impossible to estimate how many abroad. It shows that an unmarried of them will finally have to go. Protestant missionary receives about $600, but the income of the Catholic AMERICA missionary, who receives no stated salary, is less than $1 I I; and that The Second Phase of the Laymen'. the Northern Methodists of America alone last year subscribed over $2,000,- Movement 000 in missionary funds, and all American Protestants more than $II,OOO,- Next year's plans have been uncler 000, yet Catholics the world over con- most careful consideration by the tributed in all but $1,342,292.27. It is leaders of the Laymen's Missionary estimated that the number of Catholic Movement, and include three main missionaries in the foreign field, ex- features. It is planned that each of clusive of converted natives, who have the seventy-five cities where conventaken up the work, is 54,000, of whom tions were held this year will be visited 10,000 are priests, 4,000 teaching as early as practicable next fall for a brothers, and 45,000 nuns. In addi- careful study with the local leaders of tion to their share of the general fund. the best plans for deepening and exthe missionades receive alms and tending the missionary spirit in all the contributions from various sources. churches. They will be open to all members of men's missionary commit- Expelling Jews from Kieff tees, including all pastors. Probably two afternoons and evenings will be A letter from Kieff, made public spent at each center. by the Anglo-Jewish Association of London, gives certain details of the The seconcl main feature will be the regulations under which the recent holding of conventions in a limited cruel expulsion of Jews from Kieff number of large cities, which were not included in this year's schedule.

The third feature is to hold county

conventions in as many counties as raised, salaries increased, mortgages leaders can be found or developed to burned, and all after there had been a take charge of them. As it takes time missionary awakening in the congre- to find and prepare these leaders, the gation, and not before it had taken most of these conventions will not be place. Mr. White, who presided, held until the season is somewhat ad- called on all those present who knew vanced. N at many of them can be from experience similar results, and managed properly before November. every man present stood-and not one These county conventions will be un- when the contrary was called for." der the supervision of the secretaries of the Laymen's Movement, to be lo- Y. M. C. A. Figures cated at New York, Boston, Richmond, Va., Pittsburg, Chicago, Kan- The Year Book of the North Amersas City and San Francisco, by the ican Young Men's Christian Associaopening of the fall season. A special tions furnishes us with ground for no pamphlet dealing in detail with the little encouragement, as it tells of county cooperating committee and its genuine advance all along the line. work has been prepared and may be There are on this continent I,9I4 assecured, free of charge, by applying to sociations, with nearly half a million headquarters. members, showing a gain of over IO,- 000. The active membership has been Chicago Churches Making Good increased to I88,274, of which over 63,000 bear responsibility as memberR The foHow-up committee appointee! of committees. There are I30 colored by the Chicago Laymen's Missionary men's departments, and army and navy convention reported at an enthusiastic sections are operating at 37 forts, meeting in the central Y. M. C. A. posts, ports and naval stations. The building, June I6, that $226,308 of the railroads are represented in the report $250,000, set as the goal for the Chi- by 237 associations, while there arc cago churches for the year had been 763 student and Indian associations. subscribed. The largest increase was The interest in Bible study appears in in the Fourth Presbyterian Church. the fact that nearly 93,000 students Here Dr. John Timothy Stone has are enrolled in some 6,000 Bible stirred up a foreign missionary inter- classes, thus recording a gain of 4,000. est which has raised the offering from Personal work is wisely brought to the $I3,000 last year to $24,000. The front, and reported conversions have money was paid in before Dr. Stone risen from I4,556 to 20,II6. The went abroad to gather more fuel for property owned by the association is missionary fires in Edinburgh. valued at $62,800.000, subject to an aggregate debt of only $7,IOO,000. How to Pay Church Debts The yearly expenses are more than $7,500,000, and are provided for by The following is an extract from an membership fees and contributions. account of the Laymen's Missionary The whole report is one of stirring Congress recently held in Chicago: activity and well-earned success. "One of the Church clergy present arose and said that he was constantly Growth of Christian Endeavor hearing the statement that when a congregation contributed largely to The twenty-fifth annual business missions, while it seemed an anomaly, meeting of the "United Society of the income increased for current and Christian Endeavor," held in Boston, other expenses. He wanted to know June 8, marked the completion of the if that statement was correct. A most first quarter century of the United enthusiastic discussion then took place. Society, and a review of the twenty- Five or six men representing different five years since the society was formed religious bodies immediately arose and makes a remarkable showing. 'Within gave the finest kind of testimony from that time the number of societies has experience where debts had been increased from 253 to over 73,000 in

MISSIONARY

all the world. In every Protestant Cooperation at Home evangelical denomination and in every The Federal Council of Churches country the world arol'nd the society which has been formed in America is is found. endeavoring to secure cooperation be- The reports of President Clark and tween denominations, so as to avoid Secretary Shaw showed that the last waste by overcrowding churches in year has in many resrects been the. small communities. A committee of best in the history of the movement. forty from twenty-one denominations Tho the statistics are incomplete, it is was appointed a year ago to make an fonnd that during the last ten months investigation of the religions situation an average of more than six new so- in Colorado and O. F. Gardner, as- cieties have been formed every day sistant secretary of the council, spent of the week, or one every three and several months in that State gathering one-half hours, and that in this conn- information. He secured information try alone. covering fuIly three-fourths of all the There has been great growth of the church work in the State, with fairly Endeavor movement among the col- accurate knowledge of nine-tenths of ored people of the South. In. the it. From his report it seems that 11 Afr'jcan M. E. Church, South, there per cent of home mission money of are already 1,600 societies of Chris- all denominational societies spent in tian Endeavor, and the leaders of this the State goes to communities having denomination are planning and ex- only one church, and about 78 per pecting to add to their ranks 1,000 cent goes to the nine largest cities and new societies and 108.000 new mem- towns. This makes 89 per cent spent bers. The same is true, in a good either where there is no duplication measure, of the African M. E. Zion or in rapidly growing centers. The Church, South. other 1 I per cent of home mission Sailors at a Communion Service money is used in places of small size where two or more mission boards are May, 1910. was a memorable month trying to sustain churches. This in- at the new Seamen's Institute of the vestigation does not include the over- American Seamen's Friend Society in crowding of churches that support New York. On the whole month themselves, bnt only those vvhich call rested the light which fell from the on their denominational boards for first communion service of the Church help. In Colorado, towns with 300 of the Sea. held on the evening of to 400 population and three or four May I. After a sermon by the chap- struggling churches are exceptional, lain, an opportunity was given for tho such cases exist.

anv to retire who could not remain. The investigations of the joint com- V~ry few withdrew. and those who re- mittee brought ant the fact that in mained will never forget the tender Colorado there are 133 places having and sweetly solemn first meeting of from ISO to 1,000 inhabitants, without the little band constituting the first Protestant churches of any denomina- members of the Chmch of the Sea tion, while 100 of these places had gathered at the Lord's table. not even a Roman Catholic church.

In the little circle were men of every Some are mining or rural communities position in the ship, and of various not easily accessible. Most of them nationalities. British, German, French, have liquor saloons and other evil re- Swedish, American, and others; and sorts; but none have any agencies for men of different denominations, Bap- preaching or teaching the gospel. Be- tists, Episcopalian. Methodist, Pres- sides these 133 places are 428 settle- byterian, Church of England, Lutheran ments of sufficient importance to have and others, all prophetic of the growth post-offices, where there are no and spread of the influence of the churches. Whole counties appear to Church of the Sea, be almost or wholly destitute of any religiolls work. Las Animas County day-school work. The expedition is has eleven churches in Trinidad, with to be led bv :Mr. Marion Lawrance and 14,000 inhabitants, but only four other exp;rts, and the cost is so very churches in the rest of the county con- low and the opportunity so exceptional taining 16,000 people. Cheyenne is a that it is (;xpected many will take adrapidly developing dry-farming county vantage of it. with only one church. Of the sixty counties in Colorado, eighteen appear AFRICA to be without adequate church work of any kind. The committee report that Assiut College if similar conditions exist in the other eleven mountain and Pacific States, This missionary institution began over 1,000 C011lll111nities and, counting in 1865 literally with the A, B, C's. neighborhoods with post-offices, over Its first students were boys, some of 4,000, are destitute of religious privi- whom, possibly, knew simple reading leges. and the multiplication table, but many of whom did not know the alphabet. Missions and Adult Classes The number of men in Egypt who at that time could read and write was At the Silver Bay (N. Y.) confer- very few. In 1897, thirty-two years ence on missionary education in the after the school at Assiut had been Sunday-school, a group of superin- begun, only 88 men out of every tendents, pastors, secretaries, editors, thousand in all Egypt could read. missionaries, and teachers discust Very few of the fathers who first sent the subject of adult Bible classes their sons to Assiut could read, and and missions. They rightly held that none of the mothers. The college is the aim of these classes should be to now only 45 years old Only one genadvance the Kingdom of God; that eration has passed since it was opened each class should have a missionary as an elementary school in the historic committee; that a missionary environ- donkey-stable. ~ To-day, while about ment and atmosphere should be 150 people out of every 1,000 in all created by the use of charts, pictures, Egypt can read, about 750 out of diagrams, mottoes, curios, bulletin- every 1,000 Protestants can read and boards, books and periodicals; that write. In 1897 only 6 women out of the class should investigate local re- every r,ooo could read, now probably ligious problems and help to solve 18 or 20 out of every 1,000 know how them; that the missionary thought to read, but of the Protestant comshould be prominent in the Scripture munity in 1&}7, out of every r,ooo readings, songs, prayers and illustra- women 200 could read, and now tive teachings of the lesson; that mis- probably 400 Protestant women out of sion news items and letters from home every 1,000 can read, and the most of and abroad should be reported to the them can also write. This is the result class; that adult classes should at times, of the Protestant schools in Egypt, led either on Sunday or a week day, take up by the college through its students and the systematic study of missionary sub- teachers. jects, following one of the special courses planned by the Young Peo- Britain's Service to Egypt ple's Missionary Movement; that the class should express its missionary When England assumed sole control spirit by gifts, personal work and in in 1882, Egypt was still bankrupt, other ways. with a public debt of more than $500,- 000,000, and an income insufficient to A Missionary Tour to Mexico pay the interest and carryon the gov- ernment. The public revenue in 1882 Early in September the. Interna- amounted to $4,5°0,000; in r907, to tional Sunday-school Association is $8 I ,500,000; more than $r 0,000,000 in planning a special excursion to Mexico in the interests of missionary and Sun~ excess of the expenditures. On Janu- ary 1, I908, the sum of $4.5,000,000

GENERAL MISSIONARY

was in the general reserve fund, and that their supplies wiII last until the the public debt was reduced in 1908 arrival of the expedition for their reby $1,600,000; it now is $479,000,000. lief and the punishment of the hostile While millions have been saved and natives. enormous public works completed, taxation has been reduced. The fel- A Conference on the Kongo lah, or peasant, formerly prostrated by taxes, enmeshed in the toils of usurers, As one of the missionaries present the puppet of pashas and the victim of writes home: "It is held every two insurmountable evils, is now contented years, lasting five and a half days. To and prosperous. i~ come members of seven different so- cieties–one Swedish, four American The cities and towns were without and two English. They come by land any drainage or sewerage. Only and by water, by steamer and caravan, within ten years even Cairo itself, with and by train; the two farthest points a death-rate of forty-six per one from which they came are eight hunthousand, has undertaken any such dred miles apart. This year six napublic work. In the country every tionalities were represented, and two canal was polluted, and stagnant pools colors, black and white. You could of filth were near every viIlage. The hear French, Swedish, Dutch, and annual pilgrimages to Mecca were English being spoken round about, likewise the means of introducing but all were come on business, and many infectious and loathsome dis- meant business. eases. Cholera and other epidemics were of frequent occurrence, and their "We had with us Monsieur Vanderravages carried off thousands and velde, the member of the Belgian Parthousands of the population. Little liament, who had come out to defend by little, the various difficulties of the Dr. Morrison and Dr. Sheppard, situation have been studied and solved against whom the Kasai Syndicate had by the adluinistration. until now, brought a charge of libe1. What a Egypt may be considered a reasonably man t tall, keen, intellectual, strength healthy country.-The World To-day. written all over him. He spoke to us on the Kongo question. What a Cannibals on the Rampage preacher he would make-his whole body swaying in splendid unison with In Obudu, in southern Nigeria, his fiery eloquence. It was good to comes a report of the siege there of see, hear, and know him." five Englishmen and a company of native troops by cannibals of the The South African Republic Monchi tribe. The Monehis have never been subdued by the English, The English newspapers are full of and their influence on the friendly the great event which took place in tribes on the border is feared unless South Africa eight years to the day an expedition whieh is about to be sent of the signing of the Vereeniging to punish the hostiles should convince treaty, which brought to a close the the wavering "friendly" tribes that it disastrous South African war. Mr. is unprofitable to interfere with the Balfour spoke of it, when the South English. The besieged Englishmen, Africa Act was before the House of who are believed to be stiII holding Commons, as "the most wonderful out in their defense against the can- issue out of all those divisions, connibals, are District Commissioner troversies, battles and outbreaks-the Weld, Dr. McKinnon, Captain Lang, devastation and horror of war, the Lieutenant Graham and Color Ser- difficulties of peace," and exprest his geant Henderson. Besides the com- belief that "the world shows nothing pany of Southern Nigerian Rifles, who like it in all history." One writer, reare native blacks, they have two ferring to this remarkable event, said: Maxim machine-guns. It is hoped "Ten years ago no one on the sur- face of the whole of this planet would

have believed that what happened last The offertory amounted to Rs. 95. A Tuesday was possible even by a missionary writes in Uganda Nates: miracle. If an angel had descended from heaven in the year 1900 and an- "In looking back we are reminded nounced to the English people that of the fact that it is less than ten years ten years hence South Africa would since the Rev. H. W. Tegart led a be united and peaceful and prosper- little band of teachers into this disous; that Mr. Gladstone (then chief trict. . . . From this small beginning Liberal whip) would be a Viscount of faith there has gone on wonderful and its Governor-General; that Gen- blessing, and the church has now eral Botha (then in the field against 2,092 Christians on its roll, and furus) would be Prime Minister of all ther, on Easter Sunday ten young men South Africa, and that in the ranks offered for work in the distant fields of of his ministry would be General Bukedi (in the northern province of Smuts, General Hertzog and Mr. Fischer, and Cape Colonial Dutch the protectorate) ."-c. M. S. Gleaner. 'rebels' (as they were then called) like Mr. Sauer, Mr. Malan and Mr. A Campaign Against Witch-doctors Graaff, absolutely no one would have believed him." The native parliament of Ankole, in the western province of Uganda, A Union of Churches has lately made a campaign against the witch-doctors and has confiscated The union of the British South Af- their charms and stock-in-trade. The rican colonies in one confederation Rev. H. Clayton writes from Mbarara, seems likely to be accompanied by a the capital: union of evangelical churches into an organization which can not, of course, "On a recent itineration I saw large be the State Church, but which may numbers of these charms collected at be the combination of all the non- some of the centers; cow-horns filled Episcopal churches of South Africa. with native medicine, which were sup- At present, the Wesleyan Methodists posed to be inhabited by spirits and to do not see the way clear to join the give answers when addrest by the union. But Presbyterians, Baptists witch-doctors; head-dresses and rattles and Congregationalists have agreed used by them in their incantations; upon a basis of union, doctrinal and the skins of small animals. with the administrative, which is likely to be head left on, sewn up to make bags to adopted by their supreme courts and keep their charms in; two dogs' skulls, by the individual congregations, and, and many other very dirty and unif so accepted, the annual assemblies savory articles. of the churches for I912 will be held concurrently in Capetown, and the act "One charm which a chief gave me of union consummated. was the skin of a goat's head with a whistle inserted in it. This, when A Notable Dedication pinched, squeaks like a child's india- rubber doll. When a man was ill, the On Easter Sunday a new church witch-doctor would take this to the was consecrated at Kikoma, Buwekula, house and interpret the squeaks to be in Uganda proper. There was a con- demands of the evil spirit for goats gregation of 1,000 people inside and and other presents before it would an overflow of 500. After the conse- leave the sick man." cration came morning prayer, and then the confirmation of 203 candi- A New Field in Africa to be Occupied dates, with a sermon by Bishop Tucker. An impressive service closed 'rhe N el1kirchen Missionary Instiwith holy communion, when 7I6 tute expects to occupy soon the land Christians partook of the sacrament. of Urundi, in German East Africa. Its missionaries have been laboring with blest success in the Witu-Tana Land, which was ceded to England by Germany for Heligoland, but which they consider sufficiently occupied by which the procession was to pass, four missionary centers. The German East Africa Society, which has its some drawn through curiosity, but work in Ruanda, the district next to U rundi, seeing that Islam is becoming most because of sympathy for the more threatening and Romanism preparing to enter the unoccupied Protestant movement. The various Urundi, urgently invited the Neukirchen Institute to occupy the land. provinces had sent in great delega- The institute has accepted the invitation and is preparing to send two of tions, led by brass bands. More than its experienced African laborers upon a journey of investigation into the land a dozen brass bands were placed at of Urundi, preparatory to actual occupation. intervals along the line; banners and illuminated mottoes were everywhere.

Among the various mottoes the one seen oftenest bore the words, so sim- ple, but so significant to the Filipino, whose eyes have been for so many years turned toward the Virgin Mary 'Jesus the Only Savior.''' '

What Education Can Do Mr. Harper sums up the growth of M~t~o~ism during its ten years in the The possibilities of a race, as illus- ~hll1ppmes as follows: "During this trated in Miss Diana Bralah McNeil, hme the Methodist Episcopal Church a recent graduate of the University of in the Philippines has grown into an Southern California, is "big with annual conference of forty-five mempromise" for the native popUlation of bers. More than 500 men are under the west coast of Africa. Miss Mc- appointment to preach the gospel. Neil is of the Grebo tribe, Cape There are 30,000 members, with more Palmas, Liberia. Her mother was res- than lOO,OOO adherents. The Bible cued from a cruel death by Miss has found its way into hundreds of Elizabeth McNeil, a missionary sta- thousands of homes. During these ten tioned in Liberia. The mother later years there have been built a deabecame a Christian and gave her baby coness .training-school, a hospital, a girl to the missionary to be trained for theologIcal seminary and an orphans' Christian service. While at the uni- home. We now have church property versity Miss McNeil spent half her valued at $172,000." time in domestic service, and yet stood among the first in her class. Better Times in Madagascar?

ISLANDS OF THE SEA The recalling of the anti-mission- ary Governor-General of Madagascar Methodist Anniversary in the Philippines Monsieur Augagneur, has not been a~ effectiv~ as we hoped in producing On February 28, the Methodists of better times for the missionaries. It the Philippines held a demonstration is true that Mr. Coe, who has the in Manila, to commemorate the tenth name of a just and honest man, has anniversary of the beginnings of been sent to Madagascar as governor Methodism in the islands. On the ap- pro tem, but it is becoming apparent pointed day, after anniversary exer- that the real successor of Mons. cises had been held at the large Knox Augagneur will be one of his own fol- Memorial Church, where more than lowers. The former Governor-Gen- 2,000 Filipino Methodists had assem- eral has been elected a member of the bled, the line of march was formed French Parliament, and will naturally for the procession. "Thousands of exert all his influence toward the con- Filipinos," writes the Rev. Isaac B. ~inuan~e of his anti-missionary policies Harper, in The Philippine Christian m the Island. Let us not cease in our Advocate, "had gathered about the prayers for Madagascar, its missionchurch and along the streets through aries, and its Christians.

OBITUARY NOTES of repeated long attacks of illness, and almost constant feeble health. She Rev. H. Grattan Guinness, D.O., of will be especially remembered on ac- count of her literary work, which has London done so much to aid missionaries of all denominations in North China. The founder of the Regions Beyond Missionary Union of London and the Dr. and Mrs. Nevius went to China author of several well-known Biblical in 1854 and were among the pioneers studies, passed away in Bath, England, of the Shantung Mission. on June 2I. Dr. Guinness has been well known for fifty years as preacher, Miss Corinna Shattuck, of Turkey author, missionary and organizer. He was born in Kingstown, Dublin, in This well-known mIssIonary of 1835, the son of Captain John Guin- Armenia passed away recently at Dorness, and was educated at Cheltenham chester, Mass. Miss Shattuck spent and Exeter. He was converted, when about fourteen years in Asiatic Turkey about to set out for the Orient, and and devoted herself heroically to the afterward attended New College, Lon- education and relief of the Armenians. don. In 1870 Dr. Guinness founded She first went to Aintab in 1873, and the East London Training Institute, again, after being six years in America which was afterward transferred to to recuperate, in 1883; became prin- Harley House. Doric Lodge was af- cipal of the girls' school at Marash, terward established for training wo- and in 1892 went to Urfa to engage men missionary workers and Berger in evangelistic and educational work. Hall for Christian philanthropies While there she passed through the among the poor. terrible experiences of the Armenian massacres of 1896. The interest aroused by Stanley'S exploration led to the establishment Dr. Esther Kim Pak, Korea of the Livingstone Inland Mission. Later an invitation from an African Mrs. Esther Kim Pak, M.D., first chief led to the opening of the Kongo native woman physician in Korea, died Bololo Mission. Then followed the recently at Seoul. At her funeral the formation of the Regions Beyond Mis- church was full of loving and appresionary Union, which has opened ciative friends, both men and women, work also in South America, Central native and foreign. The nurses and America and Behar, India. The chil- medical students from Severance Hosdren, Lucy Guinness Kumm, Geraldine pital attended in a body. What man Guinness Taylor, Dr. G. Whitefield would have so honored a woman in Guinness, of China, and Harry Grat- Korea twenty-five years ago? tan Guinness, M.D., have all taken an active part in missionary work. Esther Kim, as a child, was a pupil in the first mission school ever estab- Mrs. John L. Nevius, China lished for Korean girls, opened by Mrs. M. F. Scranton, in Seoul, in On June 22, Mrs. John L. Nevius, 1885. Later, through the efforts of of Chefoo, was called to her reward, Dr. Rosetta S. Hall, she came to after a term of fifty-six years of faith- America with her husband, studied ful and memorable service in China. medicine in the Woman's Medical Col- lege of Baltimore, and having obtained Mrs. Nevius was a noble and re- her degree, returned to Korea, to bemarkable woman, who for many years come a most valued assistant to Dr. was the efficient and sympathetic Hall in the woman's hospital at helper of her distinguished husband, Pyengyang. and since then has labored on in spite TWICE-BOHN MEN. A Clinic in Regenera- George H. lllakeslee, who edits the volume. China is presented from tion. By Harold Bcgbie. Fleming H. many points of view by those who are experts-professors, diplomats, Revell Co. 1909. economists, missionaries, and other authorities. Sixteen lectures relate to The author describes his book as "a China, and three each to Korea and foot-note in narrative to Prof. William Japan. Four of the chapters are mis- James's 'Varieties of Religious E.x- sionary in tone: The "History of perience!" It is, however, a defimte Christian Missions in Ch:na," by Prof. contribution to the study of conver- Harlan P. Beach, of Yale; "New sion among the lower classes. Learning of China," by Dr. D. Z. Sheffield, a missionary of the Amer- The reader is repelled by the pref- ican Board in China; .. Progress of ace. One meets with "astonishing Religious Education in China," by psychology," "incredible psychology," Prof. EdwarJ C. Moore, of HarvarJ "extraordinary material to psychol- University; and "Religious Conditions ogy," all on one page. By promises in Korea," by Rev. Ernest F. Hall, a of "strange revelations," "strange his- missionary of the Preshyterian Board. tories," "wonderful biography," one is led to fear that we are not in the pres- THE ANTI-SALOON LEACUr-: YEAR BOOK. ence of a careful and discriminating narrator. Ern",,! 1l. Clwrringt"n. vVesterville, The book is better than the preface. Ohio. 1910. We are made acquainted with some of the one-time "Miserables" of a certain This book contains more than district of London, with men who have seventy maps, showing the "wet" and come up out of the sorry life of the "dry" territory of the United States slums into the peace and power of the during recent years; also contains a gospel. All the stories are taken from chronology of the temperance movelife and from the day's work of the ment in America, giving the events of Salvation Army. The author aims interest in connection therewith from "to convince skeptical readers of the 1642 until IgIO. Another department reality and value of conversion, and of the book tells the conditions in each to create deeper sympathy for that par- State, January I, 1910, showing the ticular religious organization, whose progress made under prohibition anel work among the outcasts he has fol- local option laws during 190J. The lowed in this book, and make its official facts and fignres relat"ng to the methods more respected and admirecl temperanc~ reform have been compileJ by those who judge without knowl- from various national, State, city and edge." county official reports, together with tables showing the rdative value of One is again and again reminded of license and no-license in the cities anel Mr. Hadley's "Down in Water Street." counties of different States. It is a But our book is written by an ob- good handbook for th:)se who wish server interested in the psychology of the facts in the fight against strong religion rather than b~ a mall wh? is drink. a part of the life descnbec!. N otwlthstanding a certain excessiveness of ARJ1JN. By S. E. Stokes. 121110. 115 pages. style, the book has its own place and value. Is, 6d, net. Society for the Propagation of the Gospel. London. 1910. CHINA AND THE FAR EAST. CLnk Univer- The author of this interesting story sity Lectures. Edited hy George H. of an Indian hoy is the founder of the "Brotherhood of the Imitation of Blakeslee. 455 pages. $2.00, net. Thomas Jesus." Mr. Stokes has given up his Y. Crowell & Co., New York. 1910. income and direct connection with the This book contains 22 addresses de- Missionary Society to devote himlivered at Clark University. They self to an ascetic life and humble were arranged by the department of history under the headship of Prof.

service in India. His story shows In- The bulk of the volume is filled with dian customs and the need of mission- letters to parents and friends. They ary work. The boy whose life is de- are good, wholesome messages from a scribed is a real character. The story young man Vvho enjoyed life and had is for young people, and while some a high ideal of service. will think its standards of conduct ex- treme all must admire the spirit that The following sentences from his breathes through these pages. The letters from Kamerun, Africa, reveal narrative should inspire to deeper the man: consecration and greater self-denial. I would rather live here among these My LIFE IN PERSlA. By Mary Jewett. degraded people and be the means of 12mo, 186 pages. $1.10. The Torch leading them to Christ, than to dwell in Press, Cedar Rapids, Iowa. 1909. the finest mansion in New Yark City…. The missionary work in ~ersia. is Every day we see some who never heard of God and it is a joy unspeakable to inseparably connected wIth. Its try to tell them. . . . While we can reconstruction and regeneratlOu. not point to any man and say, "There Schools, hospitals, churches,. indus- is a Christian," we can point to a numtries, have all brought new hfe and ber who show evidence of a great change new ideals to the people of a land of life. . . . Come over into Africa that has been and is in darkness and and help us fight the Lord's battles. the shadow of death. For thirty-six Don't let the banners fall. Fill up the broken ranks and let us go forward and years Miss JelYett was a missionary possess the land for our King.

among the Persians and learned to IN HONEYBlRD LAND. By Florence M. know them and serve them. Her life- Knight. Illustrated. 8vo. 73 pages. story gives a picture of the work IS, 6d. Zenana Bible and Medical Misthere and a glimpse of the regenera- sion, London, England. 1910. tion that is taking place. The sto:y is not unique or remarkable, but WIll These stories of what the palm-tree help a reader to underst~nd tl:e con- ~nd others told a little girl about India ditions, and to sympathIze WIth the gives many facts about life in the land people, the missionaries and their of the palm in a way to interest chilwork. dren. We hear of the village schools, the idolatry, the Indian feasts, the THE BELOVED-Charles W. McCleary, An missionary's work, an Indian wed- Iowa Boy, in the Jungles of Africa. ding, jungle animals, and a wonderful Letters and Loving Tributes. Edited doII. The stories are primarily mis- by John F. Hinkhouse, D.D. 8vo, 300 sionary, with very pointed morals, pp. $1.00. Fairfield, Iowa. and are best fitted to children under twelve years of age.

Mr. McCleary was the successor of NEW BOOKS Dr. A. C. Good in the West Africa Mission of the American Presbyterian GEORGE GRENFELL AND THE CONGO. By Sir Church (North). In this loving trib- Harry Johnston. 8vo. $7.50. D. Apute Dr. A. W. Halsey tells of the uses pleton & Co., New York. 1910. of the African drum and how the "drum-name" given to Mr. McCleary WESTERN WOMEN IN EASTERN LANDS. By was "The Beloved," to indicate his Helen Barrett Montgomery. 12mo. most prominent charact~ristic.. Rev. SO cents. The Macmillan Co. 1910. Melvin Fraser, of Afnca, gIves a graphic picture of the missionary's CHRISTIAN RECONSTRUCTION IN THE SOUTH. zeal human kindness, tact, good cheer By H. Paul Douglass. 8vo, 407 pp. $1.50, net. The Pilgrim Press, Boston. 1910.

BROKEN SNARES. By Evelyn S. Karney. 12mo. SO cents, net. Elliot Stock & Co., London. 1910.

and'unselfishness. Tho he was only in A VISIT TO CHINA'S MISSIONS. By Rev. the field six years he made his in- F. S. Webster. 12mo. 75 cents, net. fluence felt, and was the "father of the Elliot Stock & Co., London. 1910. Kamerun Interior work," to which he literally gave his life. IN AN UNKNOWN LAND. By E. C. Rob- inson. 12mo. 80 cents, net. Elliot Stock & Co., London. 1910.