The Missionary Review of the World — July 1939

1939

The "Moksa" Goes to the Country Shannon McCune When a Mission Became a Church Alexander H. Kemp Rural Youth of the Church Today H. S. Randolph Spain Today and Tomorrow By a Wayfarer Politics and Religion in Albania Phineas B. Kennedy Liberty and Religion in Red Russia F. J. Miles Forty Years' Progress in Latin America Webster E. Browning 25 Cents a CoP1 $2.50 a Yeat'

D.tes to Remember WORLD FRIENDSHIP — FIRST

June 24-July I-Eagles Mere Confer- IIJUST LIKE YOU II ence of Missions. Chairman, Mrs. Earl Breeding, 24 Rugby Lane, By LUCY W. PEABODY Scarsdale, N. Y. 196 pages, a picture on every page. Children love it···Libraries need it. June 28-July l7-Erieside Conference for Girls and Young Women. Wil- PEACE AND GOOD WILL DEPEND UPON IT lowick, Ohio. Special Price, $1.00, Postpaid July 3-10-Northfield Missionary Con- ference for Women and Girls. East Order from MISS M. H. LEAVIS, 186 Massachusetts Ave., Boston, Mass. Northfield, Mass. For information, address Mrs. Warren C. Taylor, 38 Obituary Notes of seventy. For thirty years he had Union Ave., Schenectady, N. Y. held administrative positions in the Mr. Russell Carter, who retired Illinois Synod and the United July 6-11 – International Christian two years ago after serving forty Lutheran Church. He retired from Endeavor Convention, Cleveland, O. years as treasurer and Assistant active service in 1936 after having Treasurer of the Presbyterian Board served as Secretary of English Mis- July ll-August 16 – Winona Lake of Foreign Missions, died in Pitts- sions of the Board of American Mis- School of Theology. Winona Lake, burgh, Pa., April 29, at the age of sions for eighteen years. Ind. Dean, Dr. J. A. Huffman, 302 72. Mr. Carter had also traveled Morton Blvd., Marion, Ind. *** • • extensively in foreign lands. July 22-28-Baptist WorId Congress. The Rev. Albert Oltmans, former Atlanta, Ga. • secretary of the American Mission to Lepers, died June 12th, at Yokohama, July 2l-30-'-Erieside Annual Summer Rev. George F. Jenkins, formerly at the age of eighty-four. Bible Conference. Willowick, near Cleveland, Ohio. a Presbyterian missionary in China, He was born in the Netherlands, and came to the United States when a July 24-August 2-World Conference died April 6, in Kansas City, Mo. In youth: He was graduated from Hope of Christian Youth, Amsterdam, 1903, Mr. Jenkins went to Hunan un- College, Holland, Mich, in 1883, and Holland. der the Cumberland Presbyterian from the New Brunswick Theological Seminary in 1886. That year he went August 30-Sept. 2-National Rural Church; and later transferred to to Japan as a missionary for the Re- Forum. Penn State College, under the Presbyterian Church, U. S. A., formed Church in America. He re- the auspices of the American Coun- stationed first at Changteh and then tired from active service as a mis- try Life Assn., Dr. Benson Y. sionary fifteen years ago and took up Landis, Executive Secretary, 297 at Taoyuan, where he established an his work as secretary of the American Fourth Ave., New York. Mission to Lepers in Tokio. Recently, • orphanage. • • the Japanese Government decorated August l-lO-Erieside Conference for Mrs. Caroline Atwater Mason, au- him for his work among lepers. Boys and Young Men. Willowick, thor of more than twenty volumes of Ohio. short stories, travel and religious Aug. SolO-Ninth Quadrennial Con- books, died recently. She was the vention of the Woman's Home and Foreign Missionary Society of Af- widow of Dr. John H. Mason, a pro- Personal Items rican Methodist Episcopal Zion fessor in Rochester Theological Sem- Church, Detroit, Mich. inary.

August l3-2O-Geneva Summer School The Rt. Rev*. R*ob*ert Lewis Pad- of Missions, Lake Geneva, Wis. For information write to Mrs. Paul dock, retired Bishop of the Protestant Rev. William C. Kerr, of Seoul, H. Wezeman, 1177 S. Humphrey Episcopal Church, died in Clifton, Korea, has been appointed to the fac- Ave., Oak Park, Ill. N. Y., on May 17 after a long ill- ness. He was born December 24, ulty of the Imperial University in Sept. 2-4-Erieside Business Women's Conference, Willowick, Ohio. 1869, in Brooklyn, N. Y., and was Seoul, to teach Latin and English ordained as Missionary Bishop of Literature. Because of this connec- DO YOUR S.S.PAPERS Eastern Oregon, in 1907. He retired tion he has been able to start an Eng- ~ in 1922. **• lish Bible Class among university stu- BIBLE TRUTH? Rev. William B. Millar, D.D., for- dents. **• ~~ COUNCll. ~ FIDES – For Young· People merly General Secretary of the New Dr. William Webster Hall, Jr., of York Federation of Churches, died on New York and Sofia, Bulgaria, has May 30 in New York City as a re- been called to the presidency of the sult of a stroke, at the age of 73 College of Idaho. His experience in years. Dr. Millar was born in Lake Mills, dealing with educational pioneering Wis., in 1866. After his graduation was gained in the Near East first at from Lawrence College, Appleton, Robert College, and then in the Ameri- Wis., he became a Y. M. C. A. secre- tary at LaCrosse and later was Sec- can College in Sofia. He is the retary of the International Committee author of numerous magazine articles (1896-1910). He was a founder of and books. the Army and Navy Department of *** Mr. P. O. Philip who has been for the Y. M. C. A. in which he did excel- some years Secretary of the National lent pioneer work. He was General Christian Council of India and one of Secretary of the Laymen's Missionary the Editors of the N. C. C. Review has Movement and later of the Inter- resigned as Secretary to take up work church World Movement. Dr. Mil- in connection with the Mar Thoma lar is survived by his widow and three Syrian Church whose interests have daughters and a son. always been very dear to him. His *** home will be in Travancore, South India, and he is expecting to be a reg- Dr. John F. Seibert, for nearly a ular contributor to the N. C. C. Re- half a century an active home mission view. 1502 N. Third St. Harri.bare, Pena. worker in the United Lutheran (Concluded on page 337.) Church, died April 19th at the age

MISSIONARY HOW TO EDUCAT'E

REVJEW OF THE WORLD YOUR CHILD At Home. DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Editor Calvert's wor1d~famou8 home study plan fives superior VOL. LXII Nos. 7-8 education to thousands of children not near good schools JULy-AUG., 1939 t or unable to attend school. Complete courses for each Publication and Business Office- grade from Kindergarten to High School. All books. Third and Reily Sts., Harrisburg, Pa. materials and teacher gl.!idance included. En- t~lUsias:ical1y endorsed by educators and parents. Editorial and Executive Office– Low cost. Vrite today for free catalog. State 156 Fifth Avenue, New York City. child's age, Entered as second-class matter jt CALVERT SCHOOL, 187 E. Tnscany Rd., Bahim.re, Md. Post Office, Harrisburg, Pa., under Act of March 3, 1879. all the missionary societies. It can 25 cents a copy-$2.50 a year. do for these societies what no one of Foreign Postage, 50 cents a year. Published monthly, except August. them can do for itself." All rights reserved. Copyrighted 1939. JOHN R. MOTT, British agents – Marshall, Morgan . and Scott, 12 Paternoster' Buildings, Chairman, International London, E. C. 1 shilling per COpy, Missionary Council. 10 shillings a year. *** MISSIONARY REVIEW PUB- LISHING CO., INC. "My congratulations on the splen- BOARD OF DIRECTORS did issue of THE REVIEW on home ROBERT E. SPEER, President A. L. W~RNs;auIS, Vice-President missions." (June, 1939). W ALTIllR,.' McIlouGALL, Treasurer KENNETH S. LATOURETTE, DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Secretary Professor of Missions and Or-iental History, Yale PAUL J ..; B.RAISTED· University.

S~UEL'MCCREACAVERT *** D.J. FA-NT""'" . "I have taken occasion to go through MRS. ORRIN ,R.' JUDD the latest issue of THE REVIEW and it wM.. B. LIPPHAllD has brought back to me what a very ERIC M. NORTH able and worth-while publication it SAMUEL M. ZWIilMER is; indeed it has appealed to me so Only 10 swift days direct to Yokohama when you sail by much that I am starting to subscribe Empress to the Orient. Only 3 more days to visit lovely Editorial (.hat over again. The only reason I dis- Hawaii en route by Empress oj continued my subscription was that I lapan, largest and fastest liner This July-August number includes on the Pacific, or Empress oj two summer months when many read- have so many magazines coming to Canada. From California ers are away from home and when ports connect at Honolulu. most local church activities are less. my desk that it is simply impossible The articles in this issue will be of Frequent sailings from both great interest and many are particu- even to scan them all, and in a Scotch Vancouver and Victoria to larly readable for summer mission Yokohama, Kobe, Nagasaki, circles. spirit one day I decided .that I must Shanghai,HongKong,Manila. economize." ,. Consult YOUR OWN TRAVEL *** AGENT or Canadian Pacific: DR. GEORGE W. ARMS. 41 offices in U. S. and Canada. The Foreign Missions Conference at Swarthmore, Pa., (July 9-16) comes Bedford Presbyterian Church, too late to include a report in this number. It has been unusual in set- BrookLyn, N. Y. up, in interest and importance-fol" lowing the Madras Conference and Personal Item, planning to make the most effective use of the re~ults of that 'con:l;erence. (Concluded from 2d cover.) Dr. Milton T. Stauffer, former Education Secretary of the Student Vol- Dr. Wilbert W. White has resigned unteer Movement, and Dr. Herrick from the presidency of the Biblical B. Young, Personnel Secretary of the Seminary in New York, with the title presbyterian Board, are to report and Founder and Honorary President of evaluate this Foreign Missions Con- the Seminary. His brother, Dr. J. ference in the September number of . Campbell White, will act as president THE REVIEW. Look for this report. until a successor has been secured. *** *** Recent letters have contained the following comments on THE REVIEW Mr. James Stark, Mr. M. Hardman and its value: and Miss R. E. Oaskeshott are retir- ing after fifty years of service in the "After all is said and done, THE REVIEW seems indispensable, although China Inland Mission. I know of no otbers of this mission who subscribe for it. But I want it Mr. E. K. ** * a misand that's the reason for this check. I've been a patron for more than Higdon, formerly thirty years, with some time carelessly skipped." sionary in the Philippines under the REV. JOHN C. FINEFROCK, United Christian Missionary Society, United Lutheran Church Mis- has been elected to a foreign secre- sion, .Guntur, .India. taryship in that Society.

*** The Rev. * *R. * Associ- "THE REVIEW exists primarily to Jesse Wilson, further in every way the program of ate Scretary of the American Baptist Foreign Missionary Society connected with the Home Department, has been transferred from the Pacific Coast office at Los Angeles and is now in the same department in the main of- fice, New York. Dr. Wilson was for- merly a missionary in Japan and later the general secretary of the Student Volunteer Movement.

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"MOKSA" (DR. WM. N. BLAIR) REMOVING HIS SHOE COVERS ON LEAVING THE CHURCH. (THE MEN USE ONE

AND WOMEN THE OTHER) INTERIOR OF THE CHU)'tCH AND AUDIENCE-(TWO JAPANESE DETECTIVES IN THE CENTER FOREGROUND) GDiNG TO CHURCH IN KAICHUN, 'CHOSEN

NARY

REVIB ORLD AN INTERDENOMINATIONAL REVIEW OF WORLD-WIDE CHRISTIAN PROGRESS VOLUME LXII JULY-AUGUST,1939 NUMBERS 7 AND 8 Topies of the Times ARE FORCIBLE CONVERSIONS POSSIBLE? only by a long process of training after a conquest. The Soviet rulers of Russia are attempting to con- At times the objection is raised that Christian vert the people to atheism by force; they are not missions attempt to bring about the conversion of succeeding and can only succeed by a long procmen by bribery or force. It is possible by such ess of atheistic education. In Nazi Germany, means to change a man's vote but not his convic- propaganda, national ambition and false teaching, tions. are being used to overthrow faith in the supreme authority of God as revealed in Christ and the Many means are used to turn men from one Bible. There are multitudes of German Chrisfaith and loyalty to another-military force, tians whom these motives do not sway. money, threats, promises, falsehood and ambition. Mahatma Gandhi has tried, with some temporary How long will it take Japan, by the use of success, to force Indian people by his fasting to bombs, machine guns and terrorism to win the accept his program. His most recent self-im- friendship and cooperation of the Chinese? Only posed fast to convert Thakore Sahib of Rajkot, unworthy men succumb to unworthy motives. apparently gained his point; he now says that it resulted in his defeat. Gandhi's opponents were Intelligent Christians realize that men and not convinced and their purpose was not changed, women cannot be truly won to Christ by bribery, therefore they plan to destroy the effect of the fear or force. One might as well attempt to cause a child to be loving and obedient by continued decision in Gandhi's favor. spankings, by threats or by gifts of candy. Men The transmutation of metals, or the conversion are led to consider the claims and character of of one substance into another of apparently en- Christ by the offer of economic advantages such tirely different elements, was formerly considered as provided by the Grenfell Mission, by medical an idle dream. Today such marvellous changes service like that of Dr. Schweitzer's hospital in are conceded! to be in the realm of science. The Africa, or by such secular education as is offered changes wrought in human nature by the power of in many mission schools and colleges. These God are still more wonderful. This has been methods of work may affect their attitude but proved in countless instances, as in the conversion affect no real change of heart. Jesus Christ, when of Jerry McAuley, the "River Thief" of New York, on earth, won men by the revelation of His heart and of Africaner, the "Hottentot Terror" of of love, by the truth that He taught, and by the South Africa. light of Life that shone out through Him. His The transmutation of metals has not been ac- denunciations of selfishness and sin were for hypocomplished by a wizard's alchemy but by the crits; His invitations to come to Him were for knowledge of natural forces and by scientific proc- the hungry and thirsty; His service and sacrifice esses. The transformation of human beings from were for the needy and dying; His- revelation of the natural and beastly to the spiritual and God- God was for those who we:te ready to receive and like is a fact established to the satisfaction of all follow Him. who have seen such changes. This change cannot There is abundant testimony that today, on the be affected by force or by bribery. The Mohammedans have used force and fear to convert whole mission fields at home and abroad, the most efnations to Islam but their end has been achieved fective work in winning men to Christ is not by means of the denunciation of other religions, or [ 339 ]

by the preaching of "hell-fire"; or by the free The result was that Christianity seemed a "fordistribution of "loaves and fishes." Men and eign cult," not well adapted to the peoples to women of all ages and races are won through lov- whom the missionaries came with the universal ing service, by the proclamation of the Good News message of Christ. of forgiveness and life through Christ, and through the manifestation of sacrificial and under- At the recent Madras Conference, Miss Minnie standing love. Other and unworthy methods may Soga, a Bantu woman from South Africa, declared temporarily add to the number of adherents but that to her people Christianity, with its foreign do not change hearts or make loyal followers. clothes, European churches and ceremonies, for- The transmutation of material substances is eign words and unfamiliar songs, was distinctly wrought by understanding and applying the laws a "white man's" religion. Many thought that if of nature, which are the laws of God. "To as they adopted the white man's clothes and manmany as received him (Christ) gave He the ner of life they would no longer be "heathen." But right to be called (recognized as) the children of Africans did not feel at home in European sur- God-who were born, not of blood, nor of the roundings. When they worshiped in a church with will of the flesh, nor of the will of man, but of a native thatched roof, an unhewn stone for an God." altar or pulpit, and sitting on the ground; or when they worshipped under the trees with the ESSENTIALS IN MISSION WORK vaulted sky for a roof, then they felt at home.

A young doctor, who had recently been gradu- Christians from other lands pointed out the ated from a modern school of medicine and sur- same need for using native ideas and surroundings gery, was sent as a medical missionary to China to make the peoples of each land and race feel at and became a member of the staff of a large and home in their Christian life and worship. efficient hospital. One of the first things he did was to direct one of the Chinese orderlies to throw Many young missionaries today, going out to out a lot of tin pans and other ancient equipment foreign lands with all the enthusiasm of youth and so that they might be replaced by enamel ware with the equipment of the most modern education, and modern implements. Some of the older mem- are demanding better facilities and more money bers of the staff retrieved the discarded utensils. in order that they may give to the "under privi- leged" of those lands, "the best that America and In contrast to this young doctor's attitude are Europe have to offer"-medically, economically, the reports. of Dr. Gordon S. Seagrave of Burma socially, educationally and religiously. From some in his "Tales of a Waste Basket Surgeon." He quarters there is a constant call for more modern has achieved wonderful results ·by using instru- buildings, better equipment, more automobiles, ments and equipment discarded as out-of-date by fast motor boats, radios, airplanes, together with doctors in America. more highly technically trained teachers and spe- cialists. An article recently appeared in Asia, written by an American college man who went to India to On the other hand missionary history shows that investigate the effectiveness of American and some workers have made the mistake of attempt- British educational methods and ideals as applied ing to adopt native dress, food, and living condito the Hindus. From intelligent Indian graduates tions to which they were not born or adapted. of some of the modern institutions he learned that Some valuable and consecrated men and women many of the best trained Indians consider "West- have died prematurely, or have been invalided ern" ideals and methods to be unadapted to In- home, because of such mistakes. Others have redia's needs. ' Foreign colleges are too highly or- fused to use modern methods, inventions and ganized and regimented. They turn out largely equipment which might have added greatly to "white collar" clerks who find few openings for their efficiency. service in Indian society. The educated Indian critics believe that if the "ashram" method had What are the essentials, as distinguished from been followed, with capable teachers who would non-essentials, for effective Christian life and train students in practical ways for Indian life, service? Jesus Christ came to earth as a "foreign the results would have been far better. missionary." He adopted the Palestinian mode of dress and manner 'of life-so far as these were Other critics of Christian missions in Asia, wholesome; but Jesus was born into that life; He Africa and the Pacific Islands, point out many never refused to use the best that Judea and Galmistakes made by early missionaries who intro- ilee offered to make His ministry more efficient. duced European and American dress to replace native costumes-or the lack of them; setting Is it not clear that non-essentials in Christian foreign styles for church buildings, houses and an life and service include special kinds of clothalien manner of life copied from their home lands. ing, (little or much) ; particular architecture for houses or churches; a special language or music; a type of equipment, peculiar ceremonials in wor-

TOPICS OF THE TIMES

ship; a particular form of organization and spe- on their knees to confess sin and pray for forcial educational methods-these are clearly non- giveness. Dr. Sung's meetings were crowded and essentials. God can use any of these that are many came forward to accept Christ. The "Witimpregnated with His spirit and are wholly sur- ness Bands" with two hundred men, women and rendered to His control. Personnel is vastly more youth, were busy speaking of Christ to outstations important than equipment. An efficient doctor or and neighbors. There is great rejoicing over the surgeon is one who knows his science and can spiritual fruitage of this work and over churches use his equipment efficiently; a successful teacher that have been awakened and strengthened. Biis one who knows his subject and how to present ble reading and prayer have increased as well as it effectively; a successful ambassador of Christ personal witnessing of Christ and His power. is one who knows and loves God as He is revealed lives have been set right; quarrels have been setin Christ and the Bible and who lives a Christ-life tled, debts have been paid, pastors have been set among men. on fire with new zeal for winning people to Christ. In one church some members of the congregation Es-sentials for the missionary, or for any Chris- stood up and said to the pastor : "You are not the tian life and service are therefore: first, life in man you were before the evangelist came-you Christ-a life that comes from God, is God-filled preach better sermons than formerly." The pasand God-directed. The second essential is the tor himself admits the great change. Whereas he purpose and power to lift up Christ as the Saviour, used to consult with the missionary concerning who lived and died for sinful men; who rose again, those cold and indifferent, now he weeps over them and is ever living in and with His people in every and prays for them. Sunday afternoon after he land. The third essential is ability to teach the has taught a Bible class, preached a children's Bible as the revealed Word of God; the Spirit of sermon to the Junior Church and a mess·age to the God can be trusted to interpret and adapt the adult members, he takes any who care to go with ideals and truth of God to meet the needs of each him to hold a street meeting. In the evening he race and clime and condition. It has often been takes his part in the special meeting of the "Witfound that the earnest native Christians of a com- ness Bands." munity are much more reliable guides in applying Christian truth to local problems than are the This new spirit in the Chinese Church was foreign missionaries-even those of holy charac- further strengthened during March, through the ter and long experience. visit of Wilson Wong, of the Christian and Mis- sionary Alliance, when the Christians feasted upon Do we not often make the mistake of clinging the Word of God, and at the evening meetings to old ideas and prejudices when new methods brought unsaved friends to hear the message. might be better or of thinking that modern untried More than forty took their stand for Christ durideas and equipment must necessarily replace the ing those evening sessions. old? The first essential is always life-spiritual life; the second is proper food-soul food found in God used both men and both methods to save God's revealed truth; the third essential for souls and inspire soul-winning service in the strength is exercise-loving spiritual service, using whatever equipment we have that will help hearts of the Chinese Christians.* produce abiding spiritual results. It would be well for every Christian to check up in order to Rev. Sook Pongsanoi, a Siamese pastor in discover how many lessons we have learned Trang, Siam, writes of his interesting experience through a period of years, that have helped to that changed him from a Bible-selling colporteur make us and our children more Christlike and more effective servants of God. into a soul-winning evangelist. He says: t NEW LIFE IN THE CHURCH IN SIAM "As a student in the Bangkok Christian Col- lege and later, when acting pastor of the Second As a result of God's blessing on the work of Church of Bangkok, I sold and distributed many John Sung, the Chinese evangelist, in Siam last Scripture portions and Testaments without makautumn, a new spirit has been manifested in the ing reports to the Bible Society. I went into many Chinese Church in Siam. The work was formerly homes and walked in and out of many lanes with carried on in three dialects and three denomina- the Scriptures, but did not feel any real need of tions; now unity and cooperation have taken the reporting on sales. place of division. There is also a new zeal in evangelism and new signs of Christian faith and life. "When I went to work for the Bible Society as People are saved; lives are quickened; the spirit a regular colporteur I had to report every month and power of Christ are manifest in hearts, homes and wanted to give a wonderful report to the head and churches. Entire congregations have fallen office.

"But I was nQt satisfied with the work I was do- ing, and was not happy in it. I sold more than • Facts quoted from Rev. A. G. Seigle of Slam.

t Reprint from the Forty-Eighth Annual Report of the Siam and Laos Agency of the American Bible Society.

any other colporteur in Bangkok, but I felt that ent situation assure us that religion-and particumy work was shallow. I was just selling the larly evangelical Christianity-is not dead in Rus- Book without giving purchasers any message con- sia. The expression of it may have changed and cerning the Saviour of the book. I knew that I been driven to cover, but the hunger of the huought to do something more than simply sell God's man heart for God has not been satisfied and the Book, but I went on day in and day out like a vital spark of men and women who have received machine. life from Christ has not been quenched.

"A year and a half ago I was called to become A Soviet Government census has recently shown pastor of the Trang Church, South Siam, and I (according to The Sentinel) that two-thirds of the accepted the call, but with the agreement that I 80,000,000 Russian people living in villages and should continue part time work as a colporteur. one-third of the 40,000,000 people living in larger My work had very little power, but there was a towns are stilI definitely believers in God, in spite growing desire for a clearer understanding of the of the twenty years of pressure and persecution Holy Word for myself so that I could pass it on to to suppress all' religious faith. others. The Soviet authorities have been disturbed by "When I heard that John Sung, a noted Chinese the revelations of the census and have sought to evangelist, was coming to Bangkok I determined suppress the facts. A German writer states that to go and hear him. Thank God, God opened my there are today 30,000 organized Christian groups eyes to see His wonderful love in a new way. A in the Soviet Republics, in addition to many secret powerful meaning of the Cross has come to me societies. Faith in God and a desire for some and I came to have a new attitude toward Bible relation to Him-even in the form of unenlightstudy. ened religion-will not die.

"I invited Dr. Sung to come to Trang and Many factors that have been supposed to support through him God has poured out a mighty bless- religious institutions-capitalism, private proping upon the people of this city. The Trang erty, wealth, and an independent clergy-have Church is now on fire for God and has been packed lost influence, but the roots of religion still rewith people every Sunday since Dr. Sung went main. The younger generation, declares the away. Every church member brings his Testa- Deutsche Landshau, that does not remember the ment to every service and we read the Scriptures regime of the Czars, is less prej udiced against together. Every Sunday I read a chapter from the religion. Many Russian congregations are said to Old Testament, and then the congregation reads a be made up largely of people under thirty years chapter of the New Testament with me. (I wish of age. Ministers are ordained secretly, have no all the people could have a complete Bible, but it definite parishes, and travel about unrecognized will be a long time before that can come true.) by the enemies of religion, but known to Believers. We are feeding on the Word of God as never be- Many of the clergy are artisans or small trades fore. and last Sunday sixteen women and five men people, and gather groups of Believers in unfrewere baptized and twenty baptized children pro- quented woods and ravines. Piety is nourished fessed their faith in Jesus Christ and all united in the hearts of the people who are encouraged to with the church; two back-sliders also came and memorize Scripture, songs and prayers. It takes confessed their sins. One of the old missionaries courage to join such groups, as was true in the said }i.e had never seen anything like that ingath- early days of Christianity, but persecution enering before. dured helps to strengthen rather than to weaken faith in God. The truth of Christ's promise is "Now I have an entirely new attitude toward proved today, as to the Church founded by Him Scripture distribution. At first I did not think and characterized by living faith in Him: "The it necessary to make any report to the American gates of hell shall not prevail against it." Bible Society; then I came to look on the report as the major part of my work; no'W I am seeking PROVERBS OF THE HILL FOLK OF INDIA to win souls through the careful and prayerful distribution of thi.<; Holy Book. I am not now A small stick hides the mountain from the eye. most interested in the ntlmber of Scriptures sold, One says, "What shall I eat?" Another says, but in the number of men and women and boys "What sauce shall I eat with my food?" and girls brought to accept Christ." Sparrows are the headmen of deserted villages. A potful of rice is judged by one grain. CHRISTIANITY NOT DEAD IN RUSSIA Men say that time passes. Time says that men pass. In spite of the continued atheistic propaganda A good man finds the world good. in Soviet Russia, as promoted by communistic officials, by means of ridicule, education, persecu- -The Indian Witness. tion and materialism, those familiar with the pres-

"MOKSA" PUTTING ON HIS SHOES, PREPARING TO LEAVE THE HOME OF A KOREAN PRESBYTERIAN

The "Moksa" Goes to the Country Adventures on a Week-end Journey in Chosen By SHANNON McCUNE, Clark University, Wor- * cester, Massachusetts He OME out to the country with me for the thankful ever since, for it gave me a chance to see week-end." It was my father-in-law, Dr. the country work of a missionary in Korea at William N. Blair of Pyengyang, who was first hand. It was not any special trip but the ordi- speaking. I had just returned from a two weeks nary, regular week-end trip of a foreign Moksa, reconnaisance trip through northern Korea and or itinerating missionary. confess that the prospect of starting out right away, even for a short trip, was not very inviting. Mother made ready the bedding for us; Edith, But after some hesitancy, I agreed, and have been my wife, finished the batch of fudge so that we could take some along. I loaded my camera, while • Sha nnon McCune, the son of Dr. and Mrs. George S. McCune, Father Blair put gasoline in the car and checked was born in Korea. He Is a graduate of Wooster CoIlege, Ohio the oil. The car needed careful going over for it (1935) , Syracuse University (1937) and did graduate work at Clark has been in constant service since it was bought on University (1937-38) where he is Willia m Libby Fellow in the furlough five years before. School of Geography. His father was formerly president of the Union Christian College, Pyengyang, Cbosen. His father-In-law, Dr. At three o'clock in the afternoon, on a Saturday William N. Blair, of Pyengya ng, has given most of his time to last November, we started off to the north-Ieavevangelistic work, la rgely in the country districts. The photographs used to Illustrate this article were taken by Shannon McCune on the journey described.-EDIToR.

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ing our wives at home in Pyengyang. The road presidency of the Union Christian College and was very familiar to Father Blair for he had been told stories of his evangelistic campaigns. There traveling it for almost four decades on foot, by was some reference to the Shrine question (which pony, in oxcart, and by almost every conveyance is such a serious problem in the Japanese Empire imaginable. We were going to the center of his today), but there was no discussion of it for the Korean leaders appreciate the position taken by the missionary body.

After a night's sleep we woke to a fine fall day with light cumulus clouds in the sky. The usual Korean breakfast of rice and soup are scarcely to the Occidental's liking, so Father pulled ou't his little alcohol lamp and proceeded to prepare a real American breakfast of bacon, eggs and coffee.

During the morning I had an opportunity to look around the elder's home, while Father was at Sunday school. It was typical of the better class Christian home and was heated by the regular Korean system of an ondol, the draft going' under the floor from the kitchen stove to the chimney on the other side of the house. The floors and 'walls were made of mud, well-packed on a corn-stalk frame. The outside walls were white with lime . and the inside walls and the floors were papered.

The roof was of slate, warmer, cleaner and longer- GOING ACROSS THE RIVER ON A FERRY lasting than the usual Korean thatch, though more expensive in initial cost. The elder had utilized beloved Anju district of which he has been the the hills back of his home-not for the usual grave sole missionary M oksa ever since he came to Korea sites-but for an apple orchard and the samples as a young man of twenty-five, fresh from semi- we had for breakfast were delicious. He had pre- nary, thirty-seven years ago.

It was not easy driving, for the roads, built pri- marily for army and other trucks, are continually obstructed by large jagged rocks. With rubber.

like gold in a war economy, our tires were Dr.

Blair's first concern. It was necessary to ferry :,lcross the Tatong River twice on small flat-boats just wide enough for the car. Everyone, from the farmer with the top-knot on his head to the J apa- nese gold prospector, offered advice. But Father has guided the car up over the two narrow planks on to many a ferry and so we crossed without much trouble in the growing dusk. We drove along the river for a number of miles and saw boats going down to Pyengyang piled high with firewood or earthen jars.

After a four-hour drive we came into Kae Chy- on where we were welcomed by the pastor of the local church and were taken to a Christian elder's home to stay. In a few minutes the car was un- loaded and soon we were warming our stocking feet on the warm Korean floor. After a bowl of CROSSING STREAM BY FOOT-BRID GJ<:: . DR. BLAIR (IN u-dong (soup) we talked with the pastor, the FRONT), BEHIND HIM A KOREAN DEACON. elders, and others of the church who dropped in to call. This was a valuable opportunity to renew pared a cellar to store the apples, under a shed old friendships with the Korean leaders. I met a where he kept his firewood and rice. In front of number of people who remembered my own father the house was a little garden for cabbages. These (Dr. George S. McCune) and were sorry to hear had been pulled up and stacked by the well to be of his retirement. They recalled his years in the used in making kimchi, or pickle. Tethered under

THE "MOKSA" GOES TO THE COUNTRY

the apple trees were two goats and across the the Church the platform was arranged to make little garden was the pig pen with a fat sow and room for a large sheet of paper which Father her grunting litter. Chickens were pecking Blair would use for his chalk-talk. The church around in the garden and the yard-doubtless filled rapidly, the women sitting on the floor to the missing their companion which was boiling in the right and the men on the left, so that by the time big kettle in the kitchen. The elder was naturally the service started there was not much room left. quite proud of his establishment, which made him Other similar Presbyterian services were taking remarkably self-sufficient. He told me of the help he had received from his subscription to The THE "MOKSA" AND KOREAN ELDER ENJOY SUNDAY DINNER Farmer's Life, a magazine founded by Father (In former days everyone had his individual table, Men still eat McCune and now edited by Mr. Lutz of Pyengyang. The house and little yard n their cleanliness apart from the women,) and convenient arrangement showed that the elder place all around the world, with only a few difhad received from the missionaries not only spirit- ferences. Here the congregation took a big part ual help but also an incentive to improve his ma- in whole-hearted singing and an elder gave the terial surroundings. Sabbath prayer. Everyone listened attentively to the sermon which the Moksa gave. Two Japa- At about twelve we had dinner, a little better nese detectives sitting in front of me took copious than usual in honor of the M oksa. It was a treat notes. (Korea is far from being a free country, for me to be able to sit on the floor and really make especially for a foreigner.) But the preacher my chopsticks click on the good things that the could have the satisfaction of knowing that his elder's wife had prepared. I had been wary of sermon spread beyond the two hundred people in Korean food in my travels around the country the church auditorium. but the clean kitchen was an evidence that I had no need to be afraid of contracting any disease As soon as the church service was ended Father here. With all my appetite, I couldn't hold a candle, Blair put on his shoes and went to the parked car. or should I say a chopstick, to Father Blair as he The canvas cover was taken off in a hurry and off polished off his bowl of chicken soup and heaping we started for a ten-mile ride to a little town to dish of rice. The side dishes of different kinds of the south-west of Kae-Chyon. Here we left the car, meat, fish, and eggs cut up in small pieces, were again shrouded in its canvas cover, and went on also very good but I reveled in the kimchi, the foot. It was a beautiful hour's walk through the pickle which is an essential part of every Korean Korean countryside on this fine autumn day. We meal. It is full of red pepper which burned the had to cross over streams on little foot bridges inside of my mouth, and had a tang, from having and had fine views of lone pine trees towering been in an earthen jar buried in the yard for over above little villages clustered under the brows of a year. The pepper· brought tears to my eyes, the hills. We fell in with a fellow traveler and not only because of its sharpness but because I soon struck up a conversation. When a nail came thought back on my seven long kimchi-less years through the heel of Father's shoe, they squatted in America. down together to fix it with a rock. This road, too, was very familiar to the Moksa and he enjoyed The bell at the church had been ringing all telling about the days when as a young man he morning at intervals for the different divisions of developed this territory. He pointed out the rocks the Sunday school but it pealed for a longer time for church at one o'clock. The elder, in typical Korean style, commented on the glad note it sounded this day because the Moksa was to preach. Rising from the floor and going out on the veranda where we put on our shoes we went off to church. It was the third successive building erected on this site during the last twenty years. Each one bigger than the last and now the congregation was making plans for a new addition. The building, with its tile roof and red brick walls, trimmed with white shutters and doors, made a pretty picture, especially to the Korean eye.

With my camera I took some shots of the men dressed in their white robes going in one door, women, with babies on their backs, going in the other; some "kids" stayed outside to play. Next door was the manse-a modern Korean home with' a tin roof and very clean in appearance. Inside

on which the pigeons used to roost and the hill- out, (or rather "pried" out), and once again the sides which formerly were thick with pheasant. rooms were packed, this time by the adults of the He sighed for: the days whe.n he had a gun and, village. Outside were others, who were too shy not being bound in by red tape, could bring home to come in, making a group of about eighty. Faa brace of ducks or perhaps a deer. The greatest ther spoke this time on some of the basic beliefs pleasure of the trip for him, however, was to talk of Christianity and what they meant in the way of with our companionaboutthe story of Jesus. Much a changed life. At the end of his talk he asked all of my Korean is forgotten but the simple story who wished to make a definite stand for such a change in their lives to raise their hands. Eight torwas beautiful to hear. It fell on "fertile ground," people raised their hands, some having been pre- the gentleman w~s deeply moved. pared for such a stand by the elder and the dea- "At about four o'clock we came into the little vil- con. They only needed the incentive of the Mokla.ge of Kul Chang Kori, or Rock Village Market- sa's coming to ~ake their stand definitely. Our pla.ce. The church had been started many years fellow traveler of the road came up at the close of ago' but had had its ups and downs. Father Blair the service and said that he wanted to change his had not been able to get into this isolated valley for life also, but wished to study more before he came over four years, so that his arrival was a real event to a decision. for the church and also for the village. The little church, situated on the edge of the village, had Shortly after the service we left the town to been repapered arid looked fresh 'and clean. Fa- walk back to the car. A number of the church ther walked around the village of a hundred people, in accordance with Korean custom, walked homes, talked with 11. group of threshers working to the top of the first pass with us. A full moon on the village threshing fioor, and invited them to had come up and the sight of the village, nestled come to the meeting,At night. He also called on on the 'edge of the hill with wisps of smoke spiralsome of the non-believers and interviewed some ling up from the evening fires, is a treasured young men who were interested. At :(lve we went memory. We said our goodbyes and walked tQ",the local elder's home, a typical two-roomed through the beautiful landscape in the crisp au- &untry house with the newly-threshed rice tumn air. We could not but think back on the stacked in bags under the eaves of the thatched eight who had decided definitely to seek a change roof. The cow was in the adjoining shed. Rude in their lives. We wondered if they would be able and poor as it was there was a spirit of welcome to stand fast amid the every day life of the village arid warmth that must have impressed the neigh- and in the strenuous times through which their bors among whom the elder and his wife lived. country was passing. Father commented on how There was no pastor in this village but the faith- typical was the reaction of our fellow traveler who, though sincerely moved, yet was so bound ful elder with a young deacon had kept the lit- by tradition and custom that he could not bring himself to a complete change of faith and life so tle church alive. quickly. There we had supper of chicken and rice and Soon we were back in the car driving to Kae kimchi, all specially prepared for the visitors. Chyon to spend the night in the elder's home. We Again, it was interesting to be introduced as a were up early in the morning in order to be back son of my father, Dr. McCune. It warmed my for an afternoon meeting in Pyengyang. We took heart to hear the old village headman, a non- a different route home and passed through another Christian, say, "The name of Yun Moksa is on section of Father's field with a church in every large town and groups in many of the villages. the hearts of all Koreans." He pointed out the church he had gone to the Sun- At six o'clock the little bell was rung for the day before and the church that he and Mother were to visit the next week. I was impressed by the children's service. The little church, with one fact that this trip we had taken, though extraor- room' about 12 feet by 2'4 and another room in the dinary to me, probably seemed just the usual rear reserved for the women about 8 by 12 feet, thing for him or for any of the evangelistic mis- Was soon jammed with children of all sizes and sionaries scattered throughout Korea. Even Fa- descriptions. There were about sixty, and all ther was sorry to have to rush back to Pyengyang clamoring to be up in the front. The young deacon so quickly but his city responsibilities called him. 'soon had them splitting their throats, singing He wished for time to visit others of his fifty or "Jesus ,Loves Me," while Father tacked some more country churches that have been passing drawing'paper on the wall. In a few minutes all through such difficult times and need the strength- were shouting the answers to his question in ap- ening and encouragement which a visit by the proved Korean fashion, as he told and illustrated Moksa would bring to them. the story of the lame man at the Beautiful Gate. Many of the older people had come and the rooms kept' getting more and more crowded. When the children's service was over, they were ushered

a Mission becomes a

By ALEXANDER H. KEMP, M. D., Angola, Africa Missionary of the Methodist Episcopal Church W HAT is the supreme purpose of Christian 600 church members; today there are over 5000. missions? Is it not to win people to Christ Then we scarcely dreamed of a self-supporting and to gather these disciples into churches native church; today we have 20 outstations which that will become self-supporting, self-extending, receive no subsidy from the mission. The mediand self-governing through the leadership and cal and educational work at Quessua now receive power of the Holy Spirit? In Angola, West Afri- a large amount of financial support from African ca, after fifty years of mission work many circum- sources. stances show that we should take a big step forward towards achieving the second part of our In the early days there was great rejoicing purpose. It is one thing to found a mission; it is when some of the first converts were deemed quite another thing to establish Christianity in a ready to be sent forth as evangelists and village foreign soil so that the Church will grow and de- pastors, and the missionaries were glad to provide velop and bear fruit. these men with houses and salaries from mission funds. The fact that a chief would allow Chris- The past half century of missionary work in tian work to be started in his village was consid- Angola has cost the Church at home not far from a ered a victory for the Kingdom of God. Realizing half million dollars. During the first twenty years that these first native workers were poorly prenearly thirty of the missionaries laid down their pared for their tasks, the missionaries directed lives on the field. The visible results are seen in their energies. towards the training of more effec- three mission stations, sixty native-manned sta- tive men. This meant mission schools. Every boy tions, five thousand church members and an equal who could qualify educationally, spiritually and number of adherents, and a hundred African morally, was assured of an appointment and a Christian workers-pastors, teachers or evange- salary from American funds. The supply of suitlists under appointment of the church leaders. able young men has never equaled the demand. One of our stations, Quiongua, which has had The desirability, as well as necessity, of instituting missionaries for fifty years has been closed be- a system of self-support for outstation work led cause of a shortage of workers, and there is only to an effort to have the older outstations assume one missionary couple at Luanda, the capital of responsibility for the support of their own pasthe colony. This couple cares for a school with tors. About 20 outstations are now doing this. 250 pupils, a church with an average Sunday afternoon congregation of 1200, and 20 outstations Today the situation in Angola is markedly difin the district. At Malange, 270 miles inland at ferent. Decreasing income from America has the railhead, there is one missionary doing pas- made it impossible to continue the present force toral work and translating. At Quessua, 8 miles of native workers on a salary basis, and an infrom Malange, is situated a central training insti- creasing number will each year be ready to enter tute with a school of 200 boys, a Bible School of the Lord's work. At the same time there are 15 pupils, besides industrial, agricultural and med- several large areas in which, until now, a Chrisical work, directed by a single woman missionary tian worker would not have been accepted, but and one married couple. One male missionary from which requests are now coming. In the superintends the Malange District with its 40 out- Malange District there is a large force of native stations, and four women missionaries conduct workers to whom customary salaries cannot be a school with 250 girls. paid from mission funds; there are opportunities to open new work in unevangelized areas, and When the writer arrived in Luanda in 1923 the there is a constantly increasing number of new re- Methodist Episcopal Board had three times as cruits available from the Mission Institute. many missionaries in Angola as now, and more than double the present annual work budget was A call was issued for a conference and seventy provided from American funds. Then we had a African workers were present. After reviewing score of native workers; today we have a hundred the work of the mission during its first half-cenmuch better trained workers. Then we had some tury, I took the men into complete confidence and laid before them a summary of the receipts, dis- [347 ]

bursements and balances of the district funds for Two vital attainments to be achieved in transeach of the past five years. Summing up the sal- forming a mission into a native church lie in aries of several classes of workers I showed that workers' willingness to receive their remuneration it would take 4,000 angolares ($80.00) per month from the people rather than from the mission. to pay all of them, whereas we had on hand enough The village churches must also be ready to proto pay 25% of this from American funds. The vide their workers with remuneration commensuother 75% would have to come from local church- rate with the service rendered. es, from other remunerative labor, or from their gardens. Each quarter less money would come One fundamental question which must be defrom America for them, so that the time seemed cided concern the form which the ministry is to to have come when the native church must as- take. Is it to be a strictly professional ministry sume a much greater share of the responsibility in which the pastor spends all of his time in Chrisfor the support of its own ministry. tian work and receives his entire support from his people, or is it to be a ministry in which the Is Foreign Money Inexhaustible? pastor, trained at the mission, earns all of his sustenance from his gardens or from a trade, For many years our native workers seem to donating his ministerial labors to the village? have had the impression that there was an inex- Shall the ministry be supported in part by the peohaustible supply of American money in the mis- ple and in part from the pastors' own labors? The sion, and that the share each received depended latter seems to be the only feasible plan for the upon the plea he put up to secure it. To help present, at least, and will probably be the final them realize that every angolare I paid out for solution. An understanding of native customs such general expenses as the conference in which is necessary in determining the question. we were sitting, must be deducted from the amount available for salaries, I deducted the The African Ministry travel expenses of men, the cost of rations during the conference, the cost of sending a boy 150 miles In many instances native pastors spend little into the interior to advise the men of the confer- more time in their routine church work than their ence, and other expenses. Thus many of them for people spend listening to them. The African is a the first time came to the realization that there natural orator, such as no other race claims to be, actually was a limit to mission funds. I endeavored so that he requires less preparation for public to make them see that I was doing my utmost to discourses than one would estimate. Even the best secure for them an adequate subsistence, but I of our African preachers have very few books, or told them that in my judgment there would have other literature; a Bible, hymnal and Sunday to be developed a local rather than foreign source school quarterly being the extent of many a pasfor this subsistence. The word "salary" was re- tor's library. They do little pastoral work, such as placed by the word "assistance." From now on is done in America, but they spend many a day they must consider themselves as supported by listening to disputes, settling differences, and givtheir respective churches rather than by the mis- ing judgment on questions., being in reality an sion, and that if they proved themselves faithful unofficial justice of the peace. A teacher must and loving servants, they would be sufficiently sup- spend about three hours daily in the classroom plied with this world's goods to enable them to and practically every native worker should spend continue to break the Bread of Life to their peo- half of his time in his gardens, as do most of ple. his parishioners. As in all African families, the wife spends from sunrise until one o'clock in her Late in the afternoon, after having been given garden. Even when the man of the home is upon their "assistance," the workers left to return to a salary basis, cash never goes for common foods, their stations, determined to preach the Gospel but is used for taxes, clothes, and trinkets. Even to the utmost of their ability, regardless of the re- a new house costs nothing for floors, walls or roofmuneration they might receive from the mission. ing, all being obtained locally free of cost, the win- dows and doors, table and bed and chairs being We have now agreed that all villages near Mal- the only things requiring a monetary outlay. Land ange that request a worker must provide a house, is free, and if the worker has been taught a trade church, gardens, and some cash salary before the at the mission, he can usually earn some money by worker is sent. For villages among unevangelized simple carpentry, sandals, tailoring, and making peoples, it will be necessary for the mission to forged articles. provide for a small salary for the worker for the first two years, or until the worker's garden be- To get a native worker to accept his remuneragins to produce. This plan must be carefully safe- tion from his church instead of from the mission guarded, however, both the worker and his peo- presents many difficulties-and many opportuniple being made to realize that financial assistance ties. Every boy who passes the government exfrom the mission is very temporary. amination expects a "white-collar job," just as

WHEN A MISSION BECOMES A CHURCH

his wife who had been trained in the girls' school rial returns alone, the finest investment any village here expects to be excused from field work. Un- here could possibly make lies in providing for the til now these expectations have been largely real- Christian message in their midst. Africans are ized, made possible by the salaries paid by the mis- poor in this worlds goods, far too poor in fact to sion. Incidently, one-half of the problem of a continue their present expensive beliefs and reself-supporting church is the wife of the worker. ligious customs. Heathen in their hunger bow It is not reasonable to expect villages to support down to wood and stone-seeking an explanation their Christian leader as liberally as he has been for their experience, a search which every human supported by the mission. A native worker must heart has made in vain, until Christ has been partake liberally of the humility of our Master to found. When He has been found and His freedom make him willing to accept support from his local entered into, then our people will be able to secure church organization, and be responsible to that material as well as s.piritual rewards. church for the faithfulness and lovableness of his ministrations. The present situation makes it imperative that we take a big step forward toward establishing a What Can the People Pay? self-supporting Christian church here. Workers present at our recent conference accepted their On the other side, the village churches, after reduced income from the mission in a spirit that having considered for many years that they were warmed our hearts, especially when we saw how doing the mission a favor in allowing a Christian determined they were to continue preaching the worker in their midst, must be trained to make a Gospel for the salvation of their own people. One fair remuneration for the ministrations they re- worker, who had been unable to attend the con· ceive; and they must be convinced that the min- ference, later wrote that he would continue his ministry even though he never received any reistrations are worth the cost. In old days a man muneration from either the mission or from his own people. Our instructors at Quessua, both would pay an ox to be taught to sign his name, or those in the classrooms and those in the shops, several oxen to have his son taught to read and showed an excellent spirit in accepting lower pay. write. The mission has been giving an incompa- Rather apprehensive of my cobbler's attitude, I rably better education to the boys in our schools, called him into my office to appeal to him to coneven providing the boys with food, clothing, secrate himself as the others had done. When I shelter and school supplies. It has been not too asked his attitude towards the new wage-scale, he difficult to bring our people to the place where drew himself erect and answered, in typical Afrithey pay more liberally for medical treatments, can style: "Have you not given me five boys who and for the educational opportunities provided for passed the government examinations last January, their sons and daughters, than we would have be- for me to train in my art of cobbling? Will not lieved to be possible a few years ago. It is now these boys go out to preach the Gospel in places our task to bring villages to where they will re- where I cannot go, to preach it as I cannot since munerate their Christian workers adequately for I am an uneducated man? Has not God called me the benefits received. About twenty villages. have to help them to the best of my ability to be able been brought to this stage, though the present sit- to earn their sustenance as they preach the Gosuation leaves much to be desired. pel, when the mission cannot pay them? I want to continue teaching these boys, even if I receive An old missionary once told me that we should less pay." With a spirit of consecration and devonever expect our people out of their poverty to tion like this among our workers, we take courage support Christian workers. If this were so, our and press on, feeling confident that God will outlook would be hopeless for progress would be abundantly bless our labors. held down in direct ratio to the amount of American money expended. An Evidence of Success In this way we could never hope to attain the In transforming our mission into a native supreme purpose of mission work. But I have no Christian church, we will be called upon to solve doubt about the ability of the people to support many perplexing problems, to straighten out their Christian ministry, even though the cost be many difficult situations, to exercise many years without material return to them. When converts of patience, tact, foresight, and love. We realize become true disciples of our Lord, and come into that there may be at stake the results of fifty years that freedom which is found alone in Him, they of missionary labor which has cost so much in no longer are bound by their prohibitive taboos lives and money. If we fail, then we shall know and superstitions, and no longer pay so dearly for that the expenditure of a half million dollars and their useless fetishes and amulets; they will no the sacrifice of thirty lives has not yet succeeded longer submit to such death-dealing practices as in establishing here a Christian church that can the sas,s-wood test administered by their witchdoctors. Considered from the standpoint of mate-

be trusted to perpetuate the Christian message tude, so that we may train our converts gladly to through its own efforts in the power of the Holy support the bearers of the Christian message. We Spirit. During the future months we may be can no longer "call" workers from among the called upon to undergo many disappointments in school boys, providing them with work which will seeing our workers and stations and followers enable them to live in relative luxury and ease. diminish in numbers, when they realize that funds We shall have to revive the Master's appeal for from America will no longer be sufficient to main- our boys to take up the cross and follow Him, be tain them as heretofore. But we are confident of the -sacrifices what they may. From many angles, ultimate success in founding a Christian Church it appears to us that the present situation has been which shall endure. How could we be otherwise brought about through the wisdom and love of when we are under a divine leadership, when our God; we feel that the present step we are now native workers, upon whom in final analysis rests compelled to take will be wonderfully blessed by so much of the responsibility for success, are so Him, and will result in great increases in the determined and consecrated and confident that the number of true disciples, and in the appearance work must go on? of a rapidly emerging native Christian Church, which shall be self-supporting, self-propagating Our planning for the future of the work and self-governing. throughout the land must take on a different atti- The Perpetual Value of Foreign Missions By the REV. DWIGHT M. DONALDSON, Meshed, Iran I T IS inspiring to spend a morning roaming third man, Dr. Newton Donaldson, was prevented about Westminster Abbey, London, pausing from going to Persia as he had planned, but he before the tombs of famous men, but there i,s and his wife were always enthusiastic in their something still more intimately uplifting for some missionary interest in the pastorate at home. As of us about going into the prayer-meeting rooms their son I have the privilege of working in Persia. of churches where successive generations have His sister, Elma Donaldson, went to India, where worshipped, and to see the pictures of godly pas- she served at Dehra Dunn with devotion until she tors who have spent their lives proclaiming the was seventy years of age. A daughter, Mary Don- Gospel. aldson, went to China in 192'4.

The late Dr. George Alexander, of New York, Thus a real interest in foreign missions will ingave forty-six years of deeply spiritual service on spire succes,sive generations to take part in the the Board of Foreign Missions of the Presbyterian permanent business of promoting the cause of Church. Seven of his classmates at Princeton Christ in all lands. Seminary went to the foreign field, and all died in service. Life is no more static in foreign countries than it is at home. It might be asked facetiously, "Why Over fifty years ago, as a young man returning should the land of the Pilgrim fathers, the land of from India on his first furlough, Dr. J. J. Lucas the Scotch Covenanters, the land of the Quakers, had talks with three students in Western Theo- still require the expenditure of millions of dollars logical Seminary in Pittsburgh. He won their annually in national missions?" Others might inrespect and confidence and was able to help them quire, "Why should the country with the greatest reach a decision in their most important life prob- system of public schools and State universities in lem. At that time all three of these men decided the world need money from a Church Board of to become foreign missionaries. One of them, Education ?" The answer to both of these ques- Dr. A. C. Good, went to West Africa, where he tions lies in the present-day problems in the died after twelve years of vigorous missionary United States. If anyone suggests that economy adventure, and where he has been followed by his in church expenditures could be effected by reson, Dr. Albert I. Good, of Elat. The second man, garding the foreign missionary enterprise as a Dr. John Eaken, went to Siam and carried heavy temporary phase of Christian activity, we should responsibility, with sustained evangelistic zeal, realize that the momentous changes that have for more than forty years. His sons, Paul and taken place in foreign lands make an insistent and John Eaken, and his daughter, Ruth Eaken, are imperative demand upon Christian people. giving life service to the Gospel in Siam. The Where illiteracy and superstition and idolatry

THE. NEED FOR. A LIVING FAITH

have given way before the enlightenment of claimed and the reality of the divine Spirit must Christian education, with its churches, schools and be shown in human lives. hospitals, there are new assets for righteousness in the world. Some of the second and third gen- The spirit of nationalism must yield to the eration Christians fill chairs in colleges or work spirit of Christ. As national churches arise, it is as pastors or editors or evangelists. Missionaries the fact that they are Christian and not merely may no longer be needed to fill these P.ositions national that enables them to be admitted at once abroad but the work of the Gospel must still be to the great international Church of Christ. The carried on by other methods in other places. saying, "Let every nation determine its own re- ligion," is utterly inconsistent with the whole Modern civilization has displaced much ancient tenor of the Gospel. Christians are soOns of n.o error and superstition, but there has c.ome ma- national god, and they have been redeemed by terialism and a more obstinate heathenism of in- no national saviour. The w.orld-wide clash bedifference to spiritual things. Educated Chinese tween capitalism and communism knows no naand Japanese, and Hindus and Moslems, are find- tional boundaries. The auth.ority of Jesus Christ ing that for them the alternative is not between must be recognized as universal. The Christian one religion and another but between Christ and Gospel is of permanent and universal value, and atheism. In Iran Islam is losing its hold on edu- at this time when thoughtful students throughout cated men. Nevertheless the fad remains that the world realize that crass materialism has made Christianity is only beginning to be understood. its sensational denials in vain, the message is espe- Great walls of prejudice and misapprehension cially pertinent. Ambassad.ors of Christ preach have fallen down and there are eyes to see and not a mission of temporary philanthropy, but the ears to hear as there have never been before. universal offer of salvation through Christ and For this very reason the Gospel must still be pro- the everlasting Kingdom of God.

The Need for a Living Faith* By REV. J. W. BURTON, Sydney, Australia Secretary of the Australian Methodist Missionary Society O PTIMISM, we are told, is a great asset for with many luxuries-and many horrors. It has missi.ons. If you want people to contribute given us aeroplanes-and baby-killing bombers; to missions, serve up the bright side .of it has created marvels in chemistry-and pois.on things, tell them .of the "glorious Gospel tri- gas; it has built for us swift motor cars-and umphs," and put the soft pedal on failures and military tanks; it has given us wireless-and nadisappointments. If the income drops, do not tionalistic propaganda; it has lengthened the span advertise that; but if the truth leaks out, then .of human life-and taught us h.oW to cut off the explain the shrinkage as, plausibly as possible. stream of life, so that by birth-control a race may The wand, however, is obviously losing some of be more quickly exterminated than by disease. its magic, and thoughtful people are incon- Let the optimist sound his ram's horn and see if veniently asking for naked facts. these walls will fall down.

Our Lord was not the facile optimist some What chance has spiritual religion in this W.orld would like to paint Him. He s,aw the true condi- of nationalism, materialism, and militarism? tion .of the world in His day. He came .of the line What has the Church, representing Christ, to say of prophets who did not speak comfortable things. The story .of the sower suggests that of the four to economic manslaughter and race suicide? Ruskinds of soil, only one yielded satisfactory results; sia has thrown out the Church, asserting that it the illustration of the tares indicates tpat we must prevents social progress; Germany has banned it not expect a hundred per cent harvest; while the because it demands a loyalty other than to the descripti.on of the net full .of fish shows that there State; Mexico and Spain have challenged it beis wastage. That aspect of our Lord's teaching cause it keeps down the people; many other counhas not had due consideration. tries have done even worse-they have ignored it. According to the totalitarian conception the State We once th.ought that science would lay down a and its interests must be supreme. "Battle pracstraight road for the millennium; but we have tice" is considered more important than the quiet been tragically disillusioned. It has provided us w.orship of God; to learn artistically to thrust a bay.onet in human flesh is of more value to the • Condensed from The Missionary Review, Australia.

State than is· education or slum clearance; the others with the life and death of our Lord. It is profits of a lottery are worth more to the State's by a new spirit of unselfishness. and by a real ap- coffers than the honesty of its citizens; and party plication of the Cross- (not as a theological doc- funds and vested interests come before social re- trine, but as a stern spirit) to aU human life- form and human welfare. whether individual, social, national or interna- No wonder gloomy prophets can find a hearing tional-that we can bring back faith.

when they are so glibly announcing the end of the It is faith we need-faith in the eternal God world; the fear of many is that their prophecies who has revealed the quality of His life and the may not be fulfilled. trend of His will in our Lord Jesus Christ. This Does all this mean that faith – the power to has implications. for the whole Church, and spe- apprehend and appreciate the spiritual-is in de- cial implication for missions.

cline? Spiritual values are simply irrelevant in We must make our appeal more and more spir- this world of brute force and organized hatred. itual. There must be an awakening of the The Christian religion is increasingly suspect be- Church's conscience, far too dormant today, in cause it preaches a Gospel of goodwill. Missions regard to our duty to the wider world. Members in some countries have become a danger to state- of Christ's Church have definitely 'pledged them- craft, for they have proclaimed a world brother- selves in loyalty to Him and they must be aroused hood and have protested against national and ra- to its implications. Let us first face the problem cial discriminations. This narrow conception of of the adult member, who seemingly has little the supremacy of the State-whether in times of interest in winning the world for Ghrist. The peace or war-is entirely incompatible with the missionary meeting has almost vanished as an faith that Jesus is her only Lord. Though we effective method of presenting the "claims of mis- shall suffer, and may be persecuted unto death, sions." Many other interests have sprung up in we must be loyal above all else to Christ and His the last hundred years, and no one in any other eternal love and sacrifice. realm trusts to a public meeting to carry a mes- The new paganism affects our Christian work sage. Our methods of appeal need drastic re- at home and lowers the enthusiasm and passion vision. We place too much emphasis upon results for world evangelization. Depleted voluntary giv- in money. The blunt truth is that most of us are ing is only one incidence of spiritual regression. giving beyond our spiritual interest: it is the What are we to do? Play the ostrich and ignore quickening of spirit that is our deepest need.

danger? Repeat piously "God's in His heaven, That assured, the money will come naturally and all's right with the world?" Quote heartening spontaneously-as. it always should.

texts that have no real application to the situa- We may be obliged to start humbly-in little tion? Attempt to bluff people by weak smiles and groups of three or four-meeting together to talk sugary optimism? Or shall we give up the strug- and pray over the Kingdom of God throughout gle and make ourselves believe that we are in the the world, informing our minds by the study of grip of uncontrollable world forces, and with a material dealing with the concrete needs of the stoic fatalism let the heavens, fall when they will? world, and encouraging one another in this world Or shall we pursue a crackle-of-thorns-under- fellowship. There is no need to wait for some the-pot policy, and attempt to attract people by organization to start such a group. You can call entertainment; devise tempting schemes and a few of your friends together in your own home catchy slogans to lure people to the support of for prayer and missionary study. One of the the missionary cause? dangers O'f our religious enterprises is this super- In our hearts we know that all these things are structure of organization. It takes so much of futile. We must go deep. the coal we carry to stoke the engines. The min- We must realize that the whole trouble is spir- ister is often a busy man with a hundred and one itual. It is the human spirit to which we must thi'llgs to attend to, it is scarcely fair to make him address ourselves, for we are perfectly sure of responsible for forming and carrying on a group, the Spirit of God. His Will is that the world though it would be well to consult him before should be saved, but it is man's self-will that pre- starting one. Groups can start with the infor- vents world salvation. It is a birth from above mation contained in the Missionary Review. There that is needed – a regeneration of the human are also many books dealing with world missions.

spirit. We shall not win by compromising with We have surely enough missionary-minded people the world, by adorning our appeal with confec- in our churches to commence a little group in tionery; we shall win only as we succeed in chal- every church. Live cells live by division, and lenging our own selfishness and the selfishness. of more life comes into being.

Youth of the Church

By H. S. RANDOLPH Secretary of the Unit of Rural Church Work, Board of National Missions, Presbyterian Church in the U. S. A.

I N THE early history of the American nation assurance to owning and cultivating land as did our rural youth knew no frontier limits. There his forebears. Consequently farm life has lost was land-good land, new land—everywhere, much of its charm for youth. Poor land holds out two billion acres of it ; nearly a billion acres were little challenge, and there is not much greater covered with virgin forest and challenge to a young man to over a half-billion acres with spend his life toiling even on luxurious grass. The nation pos- good land that he cannot afford sessed resources that seemed to to own.

be inexhaustible. This situation Today a rural youth sees that gave birth to 'It youth fired with what his father had been able to profound spiritual qualities of earn in a year is wholly insuffi- confidence, hope, ambition, aspir- cient to pay the taxes and the ation, determination, pride and interest and principal payments self-respect, qualities w h i c h o n the farm mortgage. He has closely paralleled the ideals for seen the farm sold on the block personal attainment in the to a foreigner while his father Christian Church. Therefore ru- has become a tenant, and may ral youth found an opportunity even lose his place as a tenant.

to express its finer qualities Such experiences have forced through the church. In fact the many rural youth to give up church was the only institution their dreams of owning a farm, in which the entire community or of owning anything else; could adequately express the so- dreams of school and college cial, educational, spiritual and have vanished; books and travel other important aspects of its are too expensive to consider; life. the old family car and the house- Today, after more than 300 told furnishings are rapidly years of American history, there wearing out, and cannot be re- is no frontier in the nation placed for there is no money which promi£es inexhaustible available.

wealth. Those old frontiers have This decline in rural resources been exploited, and ours is no and wealth, and the breaking of longer spoken of as "the richest rural morale, have been sorely and most favored continent on felt by the rural church. Lack the face of the earth." In less of clothing suitable for Sunday than 300 years the frontier has has kept many a rural lad and disappeared and rural youth lassie away from Sunday school now races a national problem and church. Perhaps the old presented by a shortage of eco- car won't run, and it is too far nomically productive land. Much A MOU~TAIN BOY LEAVING HOME to walle As a result there is no of the nation's soil is now de- church going. In many instances pleted or suffers from want of the rural economic condition has insufficient moisture. Rural youth faces the prob- made the church pastorless because the community lem of inability to work highly productive land, could not support even a part-time minister. Mis- for such land is too high-priced to be owned sion Boards either did not see the need or did not wholly by the individual farmer. Therefore mo- have available funds to meet it. In the course of dern youth cannot look forward with any great time the rural church closed its doors and be- [ 353 ]

came a ghost in the community-broken windows, either directly or indirectly for youth, the probpaint gone; weeds and briars grown up-all make lems of rural youth are far from being solved. an unsightly landscape. All this brings home to rural youth a sense of the insecurity of the coun- Many look to rural schools for the solution of tryside, leaving in its wake broken confidence, youth problems. Our schools do much to develop torn aspirations, blasted hopes, stunted determi- courage in the life processes of youth. New honation, bleeding pride, and lost self-respect. rizons are seen; new knowledge and skills are acquired. But here we must be disillusioned, for ThElre are twenty-one million youth in America; the rural school training· too often has had only and of these ten million are rural. They live on indirect relation to future work and therefore fails the farms or in country villages; many live in miserably to prepare youth to enter adult vocalittle unsanitary cabins on eroded and depleted tional life. However, we must recognize the trefarms, or on cut-over timber lands. Others live mendous impact which our schools make in the life in stranded villages in improvised houses going of youth. to rack and ruin. In the disadvantaged open country and in rural towns the young people are As a result of present day educational apoften under-nourished so that they fall easy vic- proaches rural youth, as never before, is questiontims to disease. They are unemployed and des- ing things as they have been and are. Old verities perate. lose their moral force in the presence of the logic of today's youth. They are learning how to dis- In many areas there are prosperous farms and cover new truths, how to create new patterns of vigorous, well-eared-for young people who move social and moral behavior. This situation renon in the realm of noble dreams; but these do not ders the approach of adults to youth problems far represent our rural mission problem today. Out more difficult than that of an earlier day. In a in the marginal disadvantaged areas throughout recent state-wide church group of rural youth this all rural America, forces are sensitive and opera- significant resolution was passed: "Our adults tive, endeavoring to bring back to disadvantaged have more problems of their own than they can rural youth the more abundant opportunities in solve. It is therefore highly necessary that we life. Perhaps it is not too late to recapture and go about to solve our own problems." conserve the finer achievements of American rurallife down through the centuries, and to rebuild The church probably has more rural youth in rural youth by making available the resources by its membership than in any other rural institution which the profounder depths of personality are or organization. Are we helping them to discover developed and maintained. themselves, their spiritual abilities and powers in the church and community? Have we been too The Federal Government is making a contribu- much interested in organizations in the church tion through certain emergency measures, such as for youth rather than in youth itself? We have the National Youth Administration, whereby it preached a great deal at youth, and we have creaids many rural youth to attend school. It has ated a great many things for them with the hope provided special courses in agricultural colleges of building up their faith and loyalty to the for farm boys and girls; it conducts work projects church, but too often our church organizations, for thousands of rural youth, as well as educa- our doctrines, our creeds, and our preachments tional guidance and job placement. More than have not been open doors of behavior patterns on 900,000 rural youth from low income relief fam- the level of youth's interests. ilies have been aided through the Civilian Conservation Corps. The Work Progress Administra- Youth in the country would like to see in their tion has reached a considerable number of rural churches and in the religious life of their people, youth through education projects, work projects, beauty and order together with a vital program and by provision for recreational activities. Other of action. They want responsibility for doing governmental agencies have aided rural youth things of great moment. They want a recreamore or less indirectly. tional program that embodies the development of skills and ability, as well as amusement. They Rural youth has also been greatly affected by want to experience a cooperative way of life for certain non-government agencies working in ru- the community. They want a spiritual program ral areas, such as the 4-H Clubs, Future Farmers which ties them to God through the church. They of America, Farm Bureau, Farmers Educational are asking for a voice in the midst of a faulty eduand Cooperative Union, and the National Grange. cation and in the breakdown of economic order These have developed to a very considerable ex- and unemployment. They are asking to be heard tent in rural areas. In addition there are many in a world of prejudices where there is a denial of localized projects throughout the country. It is opportunities-poverty, wars, and rumors of generally admitted that even with all these gov- wars. Youth calls for a prophet to lead them. ernment and non-government agencies, at work They are very eager to know about true religion.

RURAL YOUTH OF THE CHURCH TODAY

They want to see the church tie up vitally with the situation from it religious point of view was well rest of their life, with their school program, their expressed by one of the men of the community in dubs,societies, and their vocational interests. these terse words: "Our young people were going Back in an isolated cove of the Southern Moun- to Hell." On the one hand the fine, well-equipped, tains, where youth is supposed to be retarded and well-organized consolidated school was doing a bashful, the energies of a group of boys and girls, suc'cessful job for its youth; on the other hand who knew only how to "raise HeU" all up and there were four poor churches with divided inter- down the creek, drinking and cursing, were so ests, doing a very poor job for the same group of redirected under the leadership of a wise, pro- youth; this led the people of the community to do phetic laymen, that in the period of two years some serious thinking which ultimately led them they were quite capable of doing to unite their churches to form things that made them and oth- one large positive force. They ers happy. called a strong minister as their They took an old school house resident leader, and now have a and remodeled it to make a beau- church which the youth can look tiful rural church. After the upon with pride and say, "Our building was completed and church is just as fine as our cenpainted they landscaped it with tralized school. Our minister is native plants and trees. Later just as good as the principal of they built a recreational building our school. He is interested in all in the midst of a rhododendron the things we do and his friendly thicket .beside a swiftly flowing counsel helps us to do them betmountain stream. The hoys and ter."

girls worked together on these This new united church is projects during their spare time. crowded with young people.

Now they are singing the folk They are doing things in that songs and playing the folk games church which are just as cre- of the Southern Mountains and ative as those which they do of other countries. Near the through their 4-H Club work.

recreational building is an out- They have their Young People's door rendezvous. Needless to meetings, their club, recreation- say, all the young people of that al groups, and many special pro- community are actively enthusi- grams which they carry through.

astic. They are conscious that A wise lay leader found himthey have played a large creative self a few years ago in the open part in the reconstruction of the country in a beautiful valley of spiritual and social life of their about thirty square miles in area community. There is no diffi- where there were a number of culty here about the young peo- country churches and hundreds ple attending church or Sunday of young people. The ministers school or any other activity for were all bewailing the lack of the good of the community, for religious interest on the part of they have helped to create it, it the youth. They took every opis theirs. They are proud of it. portunity to tell them of their About eighteen years ago a sins, but had little to offer as rural community experienced substitutes except what to the the birth of a new consolidated RURAL YOUTH TODAY AT SCHOOL youth were vague abstract ideas.

public school made possible by The young people of the valley improved roads through the country districts and were called together one Sunday night for an open a growing cooperative spirit among the people. forum. Here they discussed their needs. That All the children of the community were brought very night an organization of the young people of to this fine school, which had a beautiful building, the valley was formed to meet monthly for var- good equipment, and excellent teachers. ious purposes. They met for social and recrea- In that same rural community ' were four tional activities; they met to sing; they spon- churches, all with poor buildings, no resident min- sored the Sunrise Easter Service of the commu- ister, church membership weak and becoming nity; they later created a Young People's Council weaker, Sunday schools gradually dying, no of the churches. Through this Youth Council de- young people's organizations. The young people's nominatioi1al harries were broken down through-

out the valley and a cooperative church spirit was effectively restored and saved to the nation their born that could never have existed had not the confidence, hope, ambition, aspiration, determina- youth been organized in this creative fashion. tion, pride and self-respect must be reconstructed.

Here the young people developed a new spiritual This is the task of the rural church, for there is life for themselves and also for their community, no other institution that can undertake and carry all of which has been reflected in the life of the through such a momentous responsibility. There churches of the area. is no other institution known to rural life that is Give rural young people a chance to use their so well fitted with philosophy, idealism and methcreative genius in the church under wise Chris- od to provide the needed sympathy and prophetic tian leadership and we need not fear them or fear direction to complete rural living by disadvanfor them. They know well the significance of taged youth of the soil as is the Christian Church. creative work. They bring out of a setting of The holy work of the rural church is to build out eggs a flock of chickens; out of a pig they develop of these hopeless, spiritless lives which poverty a hog; they grow a cow out of a calf. Out of has strewn over this fair land of ours, youthful grains of wheat, corn, or cotton they produce a lives strong and true.

worthy harvest. God's creative way of living is Herein is a challenge to our Christian churches an integral part of the life of rural youth. As for unity of purpose and method of work, such as rural church leaders we must translate this vital never has come from the good earth of America, power of youth into the spiritual world and teach to provide a good church without competition in them how to live creatively in the Kingdom of every American rural community, with a well- God. • trained and efficient ministry, and an ongoing Rural youth has a big job in any community, a program attuned to the problems, needs and activ- job that will challenge ities of rural youth, their creative zeal, a job thus creating a new that should build them Christian rural life.

into integral parts of the church life. What MOUNTAIN CHIL- is needed to reach such DREN READ THEIR a goal is a wise leader TESTAMENTS to help youth discover The Bible Institute its spiritual job in the Colportage Association, church and community founded by Dwight L.

and to frankly face that Moody in 1894 for the job and see it through. pUblication and distri- Youth, through the bution 0 f evangelical consolidated schools and Christian literature, other community insti- A RURAL CHURCH IN THE MOUNTAINS-AT CARMEN sent 9,969 shipments of tutions, is learning to books, booklets, Gospels, live and act cooperatively. Too frequently the New Testaments, Gospel tracts and miscellaneous churches are too numerous in rural communities. books to mountain schools in the South last year They are competitive in character and disrupt the -a total of 564,682 copies.

social unity of the community. All of this is a The Episcopal Recorder quotes from a letter mystery to oncoming youth. 'They wonder why written by a mountain girl to her teacher, in which there should be such a division and competition she says: in Christian life and work. Our rural youth offer a new challenge to united religious effort in all "Mother and Dad never had a Bible in their of our rural communities. Christian intelligence house, and never did any reading, until you gave demands a united church, the best of equipment, us the Book of John and the Pocket Treasury; the finest leadership and program, so that when but now they are getting interested in the Lora." youth compares its church with its school it will The teacher adds: "The children are more interfind that the church is an institution of which it ested in the Lord and want to take fifteen minutes each day to read th~ir Testaments. They are askcan justly be proud because of what it does for ing questions about the Bible. I want them to them, then they will give to it their loyalty, their read the Testament through before school is out, support, and their lives. and help them in every way I can."

Many of the ten million youth in rural Amer- Teachers in these mountain schools report a ica are disadvantaged through poverty. The gov- marked improvement in the morals and conduct of ernment and other organizations are making their their pupils since this work of literature distribu- contributions but if these young people are to be tion was undertaken.

Today and

By a WAYFARER The author of this article has first-hand knowledge of the situation in Spain T HE end of the Civil War in Spain, with the ister of the former, the Rev. Atilano Coco was shot surrender of Madrid on the 28th of March in prison; the incumbent of the latter, Rev. Mr. brought to an end one of the great tragedies Borrobia is still in prison. Liberty of propaof modern times. All who know Spain never had ganda, without which a religious minority cannot any doubt as to the ultimate issue, but all were thrive, was carried on normally in Government surprised that an improvised army, without sci- territory but was prohibited in the Nationalist entific training, was able to hold out so long area. The sale of the Christian Scriptures reached against superior forces equipped with modern record figures in republic or Loyalist Spain durlethal weapons. Neither side is without reproach ing the conflict but was prohibited in the country for many excesses· were committed that history dominated by General Franco. Registered parcels will condemn. The Nationalists, in spite of their of Bibles, sent from London to Vigo, were reclaim to a pure patriotism, opened the door to the turned marked "Prohibited by the Military Cenforeign invader and armed the Moors, the heredi- sorship."

tary enemies of Spain, in order that they might Fears for the safety of the Protestant minority kill Christians. The ruthless repression of the and the continuance of the work lead the British Basque autonomists, with its massacre of priests Committee for the Evangelization of Spain to ap- and civilians will not soon be forgotten. Franco point a delegation, under the presidency of Dr.

too seems to have been unable to restrain the Rushbrook, to call on the Duke of Alba, the official Falangists and Requetes in their zeal to extermi- representative of the Nationalist Government in nate "the Red vermin." Spanish Anarchists, al- London, asking for assurances of protection and lied with Communists, by killing priests and burn- liberty. Through his good offices certain questions ing churches, discredited the Loyalist Govern- concerning the maintenance of religious liberty ment cause and alienated sympathy that would and propaganda were submitted to General Franco otherwise have been theirs. It would be as fool- who later replied guaranteeing liberty of worship. ish to hold Senor Azana personally responsible for On being further questioned as to whether this . this as it would be to make Franco wholly respon- included liberty of propaganda the General replied sible for the excesses of his irregular troops. It in the affirmative and this declaration was pub- is a significant fact neither seems to have pos- lished in English newspapers. sessed the authority necessary to dominate the sit- uation. In this age, however, promises do not seem to have the same sacred character as formerly. The As to the religious situation generally speaking dead cannot- be raised but if General Franco would both sides maintained the degree of religious lib- release Evangelical workers who are still in pris- erty that obtained in Spain at the outbreak of the on and allow the reopening of closed Protestant war. At an early stage the Government published churches, such as those of Barcelona that have a decree to prevent excesses and inviting Roman been closed since the Nationalist occupation of Catholic priests to return to their parishes. At the city, that would go far to inspire confidence. no time was Protestant worship suspended in the Government-controlled area; nor were their build- Moreover the news that filters through from ings destroyed. Christian services were carried Spain is increasingly ominous. On the 3d of May on throughout the struggle, frequently in build- a decree ordered the replacing of the Crucifix in ings damaged by enemy aircraft. In Nationalist all schools, whether Government or private. None territory Roman Catholic worship was celebrated will be allowed to function until it has obeyed this in pre-republican splendor. Protestant services injunction. The teaching of the Roman Catholic continued without interference in most towns and religion has been made obligatory in all schools. were well attended. Conspicuous exceptions were The children are obliged to attend Mass. If any Salamanca and Valladolid where Protestant special provision has been made for non-Catholic churches were closed early in the war. The min- children we have not heard of it. All civil serv- ants too are required to give proof of Catholic [357 ]

piety (pruebas de piedad cristia1W) , that is to be brothers united in one conception of the State say, fulfil the obligations of the Roman Catholic and in one religion." But Franco's forces contain religion. Again there is no mention of exemption groups with opposing ideologies. It is easier for non-Catholics. A list of prohibited books has to conceive the lion and the lamb lying down been prepared. Only accepted books may be circulated in Spanish in Spain. Inquiries at the together than Falangists and Requetes living in Spanish Embassy brought forth the statement peace. The Spaniards are a proud people whose that the Bible is not included in the list. Finally, soil has been trodden and their blood shed by foraccording to newspaper and radio reports, the eign invaders. Official friendship may be main- Civil Marriage Law, instituted by the Republic, tained with the invading countries but the people has been repealed and 60 days have been given to who have suffered will not forget. It is even more all married under this law to remarry according difficult to visualize post-civil-war Spain as united to Roman Catholic rites. Failing this their chil- by a common religion. A large part of many of dren will be declared illegitimate. Now as confes- the Spanish people have an inherited hatred and sion is required before marriage in the Roman distrust of the Roman Catholic Church which is Catholic Church, and no so called, "heretic" can considered as the enemy of liberty and a barrier receive absolution, remarriage, under these con- to progress. This feeling has shown itself in ditions, would seem to be equivalent to being re- periods of national tumult by the burning of ceived into the Church. The Spanish Embassy church property. Is it conceivable that the conconfirms the, promulgation of this Law but they duct of the Roman Catholic Church during the have not yet received the text. The conservative civil war was such as to win these people for its French newspaper Le Temps in its issue of April cause? There have been too many priests of the 25th, says that more than 30,000 couples in Madrid type of Zafra who, waving his pistol in the air, alone are affected. They are being remarried at boasted that it has sent more than 100 Marxists to the rate of 650 a day. their account. Even the holy lives and sacrificial death of such men as the Franciscan, Father Re- What will be the position of non-Catholics under ville, who was shot for protesting against the murthis reactionary decree? We do not know as we der of inoffensive citizens, cannot blot out the have not seen the text. We can only hope that memory of others better known whose conduct was there are attenuating clauses in it that are not different. Cardinal Mercier, whose heroism Belmentioned in the first reports. gium will never forget, visited Spain on one occa- I On the 19th of April a deputation from the sion. On his return a friend congratulated him on i'British Committee" again called at the Spanish having seen that most Christian country, to which Embassy in London. In the absence of the Am- the Cardinal replied pensively, "Christian? Do bassador the news of the closing of the Barcelona you think so?" churches-the other information mentioned above had not then been received-was brought to the Spain needs Christ. Not the crucifix hanging notice of the Chief Secretary, the Marquis de los round the necks of bloodstained Requetes and Santos, and the contrast between this event and Moors but the Christ of the Gospels who died the promises given on the occasion of the previ- expressing forgiveness to his enemies. He alone ous visit were emphasized. can lead Spain forward to that new epoch of peace and prosperity desired by all true friends. Pray We hear much of the new Spain that is to rise that there may be an open-door in Spain for men on the ruins of the old. It is, we are told, to be who incarnate the virtues associated with the di- "prosperous and powerful. Its inhabitance will vine character of Jesus, the Christ.

One of India's political leaders said of Stanley Jones: "We always know where he is com- ing out. If he begins at the binomial theorem, he will come out at the place of conversion." And to this Stanley Jones replies: "Right. I make no apologies, for life comes out at that place. Amid all the changes which have taken place in the mind and spirit of this age there is one underlying need that has not changed-men need conversion. But we now see that that conversion is bigger in its scope than we had dreamed-the individual and society must shift the basis from self-centeredness to God. For conversion is that change, sudden or gradual, by which we pass from the kingdom of self to the Kingdom of God through the grace and power of Christ."

and Religion in

By REV. and MRS. PHINEAS B. KENNEDY, recently * of Kortcha; founders of the Albanian Mission A LBANIA, which has recently been front page day dropped leaflets guaranteeing the free exer- .r-. news in the press dispatches on account of cise of religious beliefs." the Italian occupation and the flight of The virile Albanian mountaineers trace their King Zog with his wife and baby, lies north and history (according to Max Muller and others) west of Greece, and across the Adriatic Sea from back to the Pelasgic race. In ancient times they Italy. The country is smaller than the State of were pushed back into their mountain fortresses Maryland and the total population (800,000) is by the Romans, Goths, Bulgars, Serbs, and Turks.

about the size of Baltimore. The people are three- For nearly five hundred years they remained fourths Mohammedan; the remaining fourth be- under the Turks, then they became independent; ing about equally divided between the Roman now they are subject to Italy.

Catholics of the north and the Eastern Orthodox The first Bible colporteur to come to these moun- of the south. Islam was forced on this sturdy tain people was Gerasim Kyrias, an Albanian. He race before the fall of Constantinople in 1453. had been educated under the American Board Their honored patriot, George Castriot Skender- Mission. He was captured and held for ransom, beg who died in 1468, is the hero in James M. but money was raised, through the efforts of the Ludlow's "A Captain of the Janissaries." Evangelical missionaries, and was used for his re':'

The Rev. Arthur W. Konrad of the Evangelical lease. While his health was seriously impaired Mission writes that some Italian bombs proved to by his rigorous experience, he and his sister were be "stuffed with paper and wood, used only to instrumental in establishing in Kortcha an evanscare and not to exterminate." He speaks also of gelical day and boarding school for girls in 1891. the friendliness of the Italian army when it en- This school they carried on for some years. tered the city of Kortcha. A generation ago a young Mohammedan Al- At latest reports the Albanian flag was still banian entered the offic·e of the American Board flying with the flag of Italy. Albania has now a of Commissioners for Foreign Missions in Boston reconstructed government, and, according to and gave a modern Macedonian call: "Come over newspaper accounts, many of the people are jubi- and help us." This touched the heart of the secrelant over having Victor Emanuel III as King and tary of the Board, Dr. James L. Barton, and a Emperor. Albania has lost her brief independ- special fund was raised which enabled the Board ence and she is now related closely with to send out Mr. and Mrs. Kennedy in 1907. While Italy in whatever the future holds. Since the the Turks attempted to prevent the missionaries' Italian occupation of Albania, (April, 1939) there entrance, permission was finally granted on the has been time for some details to filter through basis of American treaty rights. The little school to America. This occupation seems to have been started by Gerasim Kyrias in Kortcha was a veriinevitable due to several years of Italian financial table "cradle of liberty" and was the only girls' aid in the material development of the country. school in the country where the Albanian lan- Moreover dissatisfaction was beginning to be felt guage was taught. Preaching and Sabbath school by many of the Albanians against the Zog regime services in the language of the people were held, in which overtaxed the people. spite of opposition both from the Turkish Govern- ment and from the Moslem and Greek Orthodox The Rev. Edwin Jacques, another Evangelical leaders. From time to time Albanians have conmissionaries, says in his "postscript" to a recent fessed their faith in Christ and have been received circular letter (written before the occupation), into the little Evangelical circle. The occupation "To quiet Moslem forebodings airplanes yester- of southern Albania, during the Balkan War made it necessary for the missionaries to leave, but the * Mr. and Mrs. Kennedy, the founders of the Albanian Evangelical way was opened to do relief work among the starving and dying Moslem refugees in the north, MiSSion, are now in America, having passed over to their fellow with headquarters in Durazzo. After four or five miSSionaries, Messrs. Jacques and Konrad, all the property held by them, both mission and private. Their address is 332 West 12th Street, New York. They expect to work among Albanian communities in America and are ready to accept speaking engagements.

-EDITOR.

[359 ]

years' absence, while the World War was still in Two young missionary couples, Rev. and Mrs. progress, the Kennedys were able to re-enter Kortcha, and soon the attendance at the re-opened Edwin Jacques and Rev. and Mrs. Arthur W. school and at the Evangelical services was larger than before. Konrad were added to the staff and are now con- The income of the American Board being in- ducting the mission. adequate they decided to withdraw from Albania in 1922, expecting that another board would take While the great need in Albania today is to over the work, but this was not done. Mr. and Mrs. Kennedy therefore decided to conduct the reach tre Moslems, there is also a call to teach work on interdenominational lines and founded the Evangelical Mission as an independent "Faith" the unenlightened Roman Catholic and Greek work in 1923. The so-called Kyrias School, having been moved to Tirana, the capital, a new school Orthodox Christians. Albanians are "very reliwas established in Kortcha and village evangelistic services were carried on regularly. When the gious" but their religion is largely outward and independent State was formed, the Albanian language could be taught without the protection of formal. Those who have had a real experience the American flag so that many, who were not vitally interested in the dospel, lost their interest of Christ are deeply concerned for the salvation in the mission. Nevertheless the school grew so that it was necessary to add more rooms and em- of their fellow Albanians. ploy additional teachers. The Bible was regularly taught in all classes three times a week and new The country has passed through many political . members were added to the Evangelical circle. Later, with the growth of nationalism, the Al- changes under Turkish, Greek, French, Albanian banian Government was influenced to close all private schools, including the mission school. The and now Italian flags. What this new change may prejudice of the people has been dispelled, and more time can be devoted to distinct evangelism. mean for Evangelical work is known only to God.

Certain it is that the Albanian people need the clear Gospel message, proclaimed by the power of the Spirit of God. .

Some day there may be a Christian mass move- ment in Albania, for many are dissatisfied with empty religious forms and superstition. They are "almost persuaded" to become real followers of Jesus Christ as the Son of God and to accept Him as their Lord and Saviour. They are a noble race of people, and hold a strategic position in the Bal- kans. Shall we not give them the entire Bible in their language, and evangelize this field while it is yet day? The night cometh in Europe and the Near East, when no man can work.

Liberty and Religion in Red Russia * By COLONEL F. J. MILES, D.S.O., O.B.E., V.D.

International Secretary of the Russian Missionary Society, Inc.

N UMERICALLY, the Russians form the tive Committee viewed with alarm the lack of in- greatest white race in the world, 210 mil- crease due to licensed lasciviousness, reduced it to lion people. Of these approximately 180 latitude, and by law abolished liberty and free millions live within the borders of Soviet Russia, provision of hospitals and surgeons for the pera tract of territory so vast that it stretches from formance of certain operations. The year that Europe to the Pacific; from the White Sea to the the alteration took place making the operation Black, from the Baltic to the Balkans; so huge illegal, the population grew by four and a half that when it is twelve noon in Moscow it is seven million. It is anticipated that the futur·e normal o'clock in the evening at Vladivostock. In this increase will be at the rate of seven million per land, which covers one-sixth of the earth's sur~ annum, until in 1970 there will be three hundred face, one-fourth of Asia and one-third of Europe, million resident in the U. S. S. R. Lenin's widow there dwell 170 races speaking 120 different is leading a journalistic campaign and nation-wide tongues and dialects. There are White Russians movement in fayor of large families. and Little Russians; .Cossacks and Caucasians; Georgians and Ukrainians, and the like. The laws concerning religion govern the whole of the Federated Soviet States. It is, of course, The population was increasing at the rate of true that the farther one gets from the capital three million per annum, until the Central Execu- cities the more likelihood there is that laws will not be so strictly observed. For instance, I vis- • From the E'IIamgeUoal O'hristi<z.n, Jamlary. 1939.

LIBERTY AND RELIGION IN RED RUSSIA

ited a collective farm in the Don Cossack country. mummified bodies lying side by side in the Cathe- The village was still called by its· old Czarist name dral of St. Isaac in Leningrad. The centre one -Alexander the Second! But the collective farm is a "saint," and the outside two are a peasant that included it as its centre, and on which all the man and woman. The stage is set to show that not villagers worked was styled "October 25th"! I sainthood, but chemical processes were responmanaged to "lose myself" from the Field Briga- sible for the preservation. Moreover, into the dier, who made it his business to carefully shep- hand of a corpse lying in the Russian coffin, which herd me around, and I wandered down the village has casket and lid of equal depths, there was street "visiting." placed a Greek Orthodox passport to heaven, printed in Archaic Greek. This had to be pur- One cleanly-clad housewife called me into her chased from the priest and without it there was home where I found in the living-room five ikons, no hope of the departed entering paradise! In the and in the adj oining bedroom another two, each first instance, persecution was directed against with its little red lamp burning beneath it. I this church which was characterized by creed, found that nearly every worker on this intensely ceremonial, crude teaching, and too often not by communistically named farm was still living reli- Christian character. giously as in the old "Holy Russia," and that the bulk of the people, in spite of the five-day week, The Stundists were given a freedom, under were actually worshipping in the little church which they increased with such remarkable rabuilding of the Greek Orthodox Church every sev- pidity that the Central Executive Committee beenth day. came alarmed. They reasoned that the church of these Christians who refused to participate in The American secular press has been misled party politics or to bear arms, was necessarily into stating that the new constitution affords reli- opposed to the Bolshevic plan for world-wide antigious liberty to Soviet citizens. The conditions religious communistic dominion. Their rapid inremain as they were before the draft sent out to crease was, therefore, a menace to the Soviet plan. the Soviets in February, was "adopted" in No- So the forces of persecution were focused upon vember of 1936, and became law on January, 1937. them. No Christian is persecuted as such and Articles 124 and 125 provide for "liberty for anti- no evangelist is banished merely for preaching religious propaganda" and "freedom to perform the Gospel. They are charged as counter revoreligious rites." News editors did not sense the lutionaries. But. facts are stubborn things. Forworld of difference between the two. It simply meant that elderly folk who still clung to their merly we had sixty-six consecrated Russian evanreligious ceremonial could continue to follow it. gelists within the U. S. S. R. Today only five are left and they are in exile. None of the "liquidated" The revolt, while :;tgainst all religion, was in the men ever engaged in any counter-revolutionary first place a revolution against the National Or- propaganda or activity. Before me are the rethodox Church. From the standpoint of the anti- ports for August, 1938. (1) In the Far East God and anti-religious hosts, it was justified. a purge of Baptist churches is taking place There were notable exceptions, as in the case of and the leaders are being charged as "Japanese the Patriarch Tikhon, and the Metropolitan Ben- spies." This is in harmony with the procedure in jamin, the one dying in prison and the other being the West where evangelists and pastors were shot. Before the tribunal the Metropolitan said, exiled· or shot as German spies. (2) Baptist "If I must die, I will die as a Christian." But the groups in Tolka have been "liquidated." Tolka is old Russian Church was largely led by illiterate in the Caucasus. (3) Baptists in the Caucasus and immoral men like that "holy devil of Russia" were accused of (a) hindering the election of -Rasputin. Priests in the provinces actually Stalin candidates at the recent elections; and taught the people that the bodies of believers were (b) conducting religious. propaganda among the immortal, and that when a believer died the body hospital workers of the district. (4) A Baptist remained intact until the judgment day! They pastor of twenty years' standing in one of the exhibited bodies of saints in glass cases in their oldest churches in the autonomous Udmurpk Rechurches. When the revolution came, the anti- public was arrested as a German spy. (5) Evanreligious hosts opened the graves and disclosed gelistic groups in the Crimea were "liquidated." that they only contained decomposing bones. They smashed the glass cases and revealed that the It seems strange that in a land where capital bodies of saints were "fakes." Not all; for the punishment has been abolished hundreds of men ground beneath the monastery of Pechersk at are being shot daily. The military and naval lead- Kieff, the ancient capital of Russia and the pres- ers are shot so that they may be replaced by noment capital of the Ukraine, has the property of inees of Stalin and Company. I ventured to ask preserving bodies interred therein. The monks a City Magistrate in his Chambers in Mosco.w how were quick to take advantage of this and instituted he explained this anomaly. Indignantly he couna mummy factory. • . . 1J'here are three complete tered, "But we do not hang people up and leave

them hanging till they die; we shoot them in- in 1936, twenty-seven in 1937; there are less tostantly and put an end to their misery." And I day. The last German Lutheran Church was found that this university trained man, who had closed in August, 1938, when the pastor died. In taken a juridical course, really believed this. A Omsk, Siberia, with a population of two and a few weeks later I was on the lower Volga, and two quarter million, only three churches remain open. Scotch ladies, traveling first-class, were being con- In a town on the lower Volga, with a population ducted by a Girl Guide interpreter. She told them of eighty thousand, five churches were open when this same story. I had several conversations with I visited it a couple of years back: two Greek her, as we were several days on the boat. During Orthodox, two Roman Catholic, and one German the recent winter she had passed an examination Lutheran. For all practical purposes they might in an additional language, so was receiving an as well be closed. The vital religious work in that extra fifty rubles a month pay, and had been pre- community is being carried on in private circles sented with an English up-to-date edition of a of Brethren, Baptists and Evangelical Christians. work by Frederick Engels in which it was claimed that during the previous year in the Brit- Some reports appear in the press of churches ish Isles, men were banished for life to convict settlements overseas for poaching rabbits, and being full. hanged for stealing sheep. I published excerpts There are enough elderly folk (with whom the from this work in the British Press. Noone has dared to attempt to refute what I wrote. Soviet cannot be bothered-"They'll die off soon, anyway") to fill the buildings that still remain Effect of Censorship open at Easter, and at the three-day Christmas (January 6th) of which Greek Orthodox churches Lamentable ignorance of conditions in Russia make so much. But in the few churches remainand in the other lands is due to the censorship ing open, what can be done? The pastor may which is, applied both in and out of the U. S. S. R. preach on the premises, but nowhere else. He is For instance, no paper, periodical, or magazine taken up for interrogation periodically, and comes Duhlished abroad is permitted to enter Russia. out of the ordeal a nervous wreck. No literature The population gets its ideas concerning "starv- is allowed on the premises except such as is absoing and revolting peoples" of other lands from lutely needful for the conduct of worship. No government controlled papers, in order that by meetings may be held for women or young people. contrast they may be the more content with the It is a criminal offence to gather three young peo- Soviet regime. All who regularly write or are ple under the age of eighteen to teach them reliwritten to come under suspicion. I have before gion. No teacher is permitted to enter any place me a communication from K– asking us not of worship. No social service may be rendered, to write more at present. Believers and others lest by so doing the church should influence those under suspicion are tortured to secure confes- helped to become religious. The church is under sions; nothing to eat or drink; no sleep-terrible! a graduated tax that is increased periodically till, It is such torture that induces wholesale confes- in spite of severest sacrifice, it can no longer be sions of "counter revolutionaries." There have paid; then automatically the Soviet takes over been many positive acts against religion. Church the building because those using Government buildings were taken over by the Government. All property have not paid their dues. It is all quite private property was nationalized, including the lawful and legitimate! !! If the pastor dies, no churches. Like so many other communistic prin- successor may be elected and the church is liquiciples the abolition of private property has broken dated. The German Lutheran Church at Gorki down in practice. For instance, Cooperatives are (Nizni-Novgorod) has been closed for this reason allowed to erect buildings and sell the apartments for years. Apparently the local Soviet has no use to their members. Most of the church buildings for the building. were closed and converted to secular uses such as bureaus, workshops, factories, apartments, clubs, In one city where we bought land and erected a kolkhos (stores for collective farms), public con- building wherein thousands of souls were saved, veniences, etc. "Dom Evangelia" in Leningrad our people were expelled, but permitted to conis a workers' club. for the men who make nails in tinue to meet twice in what we call one week, in a the metal factory opposite. The cathedrals of St. hall attached to a former Greek Orthodox Church Isaac in Leningrad, of St. Basil in the Red Square building which they shared with followers of anof Moscow, and that of St. Andrew in Kieff are other persuasion. Needing this, the local Soviet anti-God and anti-religious, museums. turned them out. They have been driven from pillar to post, hampered, hindered, harassed-yet Of 1636 Greek Orthodox churches in Moscow on the 29th day of January last year, in one meetbefore the revolution, thirty only were left open ing they baptized fifty converts on profession of faith.

Since May, 1929, the Bible has been banned. It is a criminal offence in Soviet Russia to print,

publish, circulate or distribute the Word of God 87 per cent of the Russian population were illitor any portion of it. We printed the largest edi- erate. Now only 14 per cent are, and in the intion of Russian Bibles that ever came off the press dustrial areas, only 8 per cent. But every day 25 -81,000 copies. Before the officials became so million children going to school are taught that alert we sent copies back by the lumbermen who there is no God; never was. a Creator, and are brought the rafts and logs down the rivers to the subject to such caricatures of Christianity, and border states. Our men carried them over the such blasphemous cartoons of Christ that I canborder at dead of night, taking their lives in their not bring myself to describe them. No teacher in hands every time they crossed. In markets far school, college, or university is permitted to enter away from Moscow bidding may proceed for a any place of worship. And yet all over Soviet few mushrooms spread out on a bag-but the real Russia today there are sporadic outbursts of reobject is under the bag, a second-hand Bible or vival among young people (over 50 percent of Testament. When the government said in effect the population, i. e., all the young people, have -"You shall not have the Book in your hands," passed through these schools), and especially the Believers replied, "Then we'll put it into our among young men in the factories, so the local heads and enthrone it on our hearts." So they leaders are sending to Moscow asking that special studied and committed to memory the Sacred speakers be sent to combat the religious revival. Word. Now, when they gather round our evangelists in "bears' caves," they repeat passages of I dare not close this article without giving evi- Scripture and so illumine and inspire, instruct, dence of the truthfulness of the above, from offiexhort, and "comfort one another with these cial Soviet sources, lest I be charged with rowords." mancing.

There is no food shortage in Russia in Europe Lunarcharsky, former Commissar of Education today, though sometimes failure in distribution in the Central Executive Committee, issued a occurs. There is still shortage in Russia in Asia, manifesto in which he stated: and we still need to send food parcels. to Christians and banished evangelists in concentration camps We hate Christians. Even the best of them must be rein the Far East. Nothing but our food parcels garded as our worst enemies. They preach love to one's stands between them and starvation. Until food neighbors and pity, which is contrary to our principles ( !). tickets and ration cards were abolished no priest, Christian love is a hindrance to the development of the rabbi, moulvic, pastor, evangelist, editor of reli- revolution. Down with love for one's neighbors. What we gious pamphlets, or tradesman dealing in any re- want is hatred. We must know how to hate, for only at ligious article, nor his wife or family, was per- this price can we conquer the universe. We have done with mitted to have a ticket or card. Thousands who the kings of the earth, let us deal with the Kings of the wished to be loyal to the Lord "whom not having skies. All religions are poison. They intoxicate and deaden seen (they) love," were living on the bark and the mind, the will, the conscience (!). A fight to the death roots of trees, on nettle grass, and on field mice. must be declared upon religion. Our task is to destroy all kinds of religion, all kinds of morality. In spite of these conditions there has been, and still is, a real religious revival. Let him tell us how they succeeded. Trud, whieh means "labor," is the chief workers' organ; In the U. S. S. R. one evangelist, now in exile, Comsomolska Pravda is "Truth for Youth"; in three months, in three villages far from the Pravda, meaning "Truth," is the chief organ of capital, baptized 450 converts. Next spring he the Communist Party; while Izvestia, "News," is baptized 154 more in two months. Then he went that of the Government. In Southern Russia it is to prison for a technical offence in connection with said that there is no news in the Truth, and no preaching. Not to the Solovetsky Islands, the truth is the News. Writing in Izvestia in 1929 most rigorous imprisonment in the world, but to on the basis of the figures of his own department, a "house of re-education," in which the offenders Lunarcharsky affirmed that in 1917 there were are .given a good time, to induce them to come out only 700,000 members of the Communist Party, good supporters of the Soviet regime. Freedom but in 1927 they had grown to 1,700,000. But in therein enabled our man to preach to those who 1917 there were only 100,000 Stundists, and in would not have listened to him outside, also to hold 1927 over six millions. The Christians had outprayer meetings. Several prisoners were con- lived, outwitnessed, and outnumbered the Comverted. When he was discharged he found that munists by six to one, and this in spite of Governhis wife had carried on so effectively during his ment support of the latter, and satanic and Soviet incarceration that he had to baptize another 12'6 opposition of the former. converts. The Party Commander of the Bezbojniks (the The greatest achievement of the Soviets has Godless), Em. Yaroslavsky, has recently published been in the realm of education. Before the revolt an explanation which is an apology for failure in the Scientific Journal, Antireliginoznik. In it he has to confess that about two-thirds of the rural

pop1l1ation, and one-third of that in the towns, the ministers of the cult must be viewed as fraudstill continue faithful to religion. He admits that ulent members of the Party. All our skill must while the Government can prohibit support of the consist in systematically and unremittingly de- Church, and separate the Church and the school priving the Church of its head; in striking the by decree, "a decree is powerless to efface reli- blow at the Shepherd and alluring the sheep into gious ·conception"; "being deprived of an edifice our own stable" (sic!). has not killed the religious feeling of believers," and even "the Pioneers frequent the Church in There is one reason why the anti-religious hosts great numbers." He claims. that the coercive have failed. Jesus said, "On this Rock (faith in measures have been a mistake: they have failed; Christ as the Son of God) I will build my church and concludes that "The masses must be tamed by and the gates of hades shall not prevail against kindness." But–"We must outroot religion, and it" (Matt. 16: 18). My Master always keeps His word.

Forty Years' Progress in Latin America By REV. WEBSTER E. BROWNING, New York Secretary of the Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions; For Forty Years a Missionary in South America I N THESE chaotic moder:::J. times, forty years United States flag was seldom seen on the few constitute as long a period in the life of a na- ships which then made the run to South America. tion as in the life of an individual. Changes, The investment of North American capital, could rapid and cataclysmic, occur, even in the coun- not have exceeded a few hundred millions in all tries that have been fully organized for centuries Latin America. In 1937, the total investment was and whose traditions and form of government ap- reported to be about $6,500,000,000. pear to be crystallized and unshakable. In younger nations, such as those of Latin America such 2. Politically-Few governments of the very changes, though less sudden and dramatic com- young republics were then more than oligarchies. pared with those of Europe during past years, are A small number of families, in each of them, connevertheless well defined and epoch-making. sidered the presidency and other public offices their peculiar right and saw to it that the power The writer of this article journeyed to Latin was kept within their limited circle. As an illus- America, for the first time, more than 40 years ago, tration, one lady, known to the writer, was the and, except for occasional visits to the homeland, daughter, the sister and the wife of a President lived all that time south of the equator. He has of her country. Today, though not to the same dethus been able to note the changes in the commer- gree in all the republics, the democratic form of cial, political and religious life of the peoples of government prevails, and most of them, like Arthose lands which have marked their slow but gentina, Brazil and Chile, merit the high esteem sure progress toward equal standing with the in which they are held by the peoples of Europe older peoples of Europe and North America. A and North America. brief description of some of these changes may be of interest. 3. Culturally-Public instruction has made great advance and the formerly high percentage 1. Economically-Forty years ago, the immense of analphabets has been correspondingly reduced. natural resources of Latin America lay practically The oldest university of Latin America was founduntouched. The great modern industries of min- ed 56 years before the first permanent English ing, cattle-raising, the elaboration of nitrate; settlement w:as made in North America, and 85 banking, railways, manufactures, shipping, the years before John Harvard made possible the importation of machinery and automobiles, and institution that bears his name. Today, the best of other commercial activities-all these were but these universities equal those of the United States in their infancy. The United States, in particular, or Europe as centers of learning, and the intellechad not attempted to discover in those lands a tual spire of Latin America is as high as our own, market for its excess products. There was not a though it is more slender. In the learned profes- North American bank south of Mexico, and the sions, especially in law and medicine, are found

19391 FORTY YEARS' PROGRESS IN LATIN AMERICA

men and women of the highest professional prep- As a result of this exclusionist policy, when aration, fully the equals of their colleagues in evangelical missions began to extend their work with greater earnestness and conviction, forty or other lands. more years ago, they found certain conditions 4. Religiously-The pioneers and founders of which had to be overcome if that work was to be successful. Among these were the following: the colonies of Spain in the New World differed from those who laid the foundations of religious life in what is now the territory of the United (a) There was no liberty of worship. Free States of America. The groups that came to those thought was in itself considered heretical; the shores, Catholic and Protestant alike, were simply press was under the absolute control of the seeking a place where, quietly and unostentatious- Church, and, in some of the most backward coun- ly, they might worship God according to the dic- tries, death was the legal penalty for adherence to tates of their own consciences. Spanish discover- any religion other than that of the dominant ers and conquistadores, in the lands that now con- Church.

stitute what we call Latin America, were of a (b) There was no civil marriage law. The only more militant mold and sought to establish not legal ceremony was that performed by a priest of only the power of the King whom they represented the State Church; children of those otherwise but also that of their particular Chm'ch. They wedded were ipso facto considered illegitimate. flung to the breeze not only the colors of Ferdi- Even Protestant missionaries, wedded on the field, nand and Isabel, King and Queen of Castile and were required to secure the services of a friendly Aragon, but also those of the Supreme Pontiff priest. To satisfy their own consciences, they of Rome. Even the sails of the caravels of Chris- might have another ceremony performed by a topher Columbus and of less worthy conquista- Protestant minister, but this latter ceremony had dores who came after him, had imprinted upon no legal significance whatsoever. them the figure of the cross and the words, "with this sign you will conquer." Columbus is said to (c) There were no civil cemeteries. The bodies have considered his name Christopher, "Christ- of deceased dissenters were thrown into the sea, bearer," a good omen, and historians tell us that or were buried surreptitiously by night in some his hope was to secure funds from the newly unfrequented spot. About the middle of the past acquired lands in order to finance another crusade century, a progressive Mayor in one of the South against the Turks. American capitals when converting a hitherto' undeveloped hill i,nto a park, found at its base a In view of this deeply religious motive that in- collection of human bones, and on the site placed spired and encouraged the Spanish pioneers in Latin America, which was largely in conformity a tablet with the inscription, "To the memory 0/ with the spirit of the times, in both Roman Catholic and Protestant lands, it is not strange that the exiled from heaven and earth who were buried the type of Christianity which became the official in this place." religion of the Colonies of Spain, and, afterward, of the younger republics that grew out of those (d) Possession and reading of the Bible was proscribed by the Church itself and, under the in- fluence of the Church, by officials of the State. A colonies, should have been ultra-fanatical, ex- customs officer in Ecuador, toward the end of the tremely jealous of its own prerogatives, and dis- past century, refused to admit a box of Christian Scriptures; pointing toward one of the towering posed to resist, to the last degree, the entrance peaks of the nearby Andes, he said, "So long as and propagation of the beliefs of any other sect Chimborozo stands, that Book shall not enter this or denomination. The spirit of the Inquisition, country." typical of the religious life of the time, especially in Southern Europe, was deep-rooted. Branches The distressing religious conditions that preof that feared and hated body were set up in vari- vailed in the countries of Latin America a half ous centers, especially in Lima, the capital of the century ago have been narrated in order to show viceroys, and in Cartagena de las Indias, now one the historical background against which we may of the port cities of the modern republic of Colom- throw into clearer light the situation as it is today.

bia. So strong did the Church become, so thor- The former unfortunate conditions have now oughly did it indoctrinate the peoples, that when very largely disappeared-due largely to a closer the colonies, following the lead given by those of contact with Europe and North America, made Great Britain, in North America, and by France, possible, in part at least, by more modern means gave way to republics, at the beginning of the 19th of communication. The changed situation has ·century, the representatives of the Papacy were also been greatly helped by the liberalizing, reflex able to have written into the constitution of the influence of Evangelical missions. Today, in every newly-created states the words, "The religion of one of the 20' republics of Latin America, there is this State is the Holy, Roman, Catholic, Apostolic, complete freedom of worship; the only legal mar- to the exclusion of all others." riage ceremony is that performed by an official of

the State; cemeteries are open to the dead of all friendly eye and are evidently willing to forget faiths or of none; and the Bible is widely and some episodes of the past in which the "big stick" freely circulated. In one South American republic, played too prominent a part. Brazil, there is now an estimated total of 1,500,000 Evangelical Christians; in all there is a steadily Probably no part of the world has made such growing National Evangelical Church which is economic and cultural advance in the past forty willing to cooperate in many respects with the years in a quiet and natural way as have the nainfinitely stronger, dominant, ecclesiastical organ- tions of Latin America. And their history is still ization, for the spiritual instruction and upbuild- in the making. Millions of Europeans, seeking ing of the people. refuge or the opportunity to better their condi- tions of life are wistfully turning their faces 5. Internationally-There is today a much bet- toward the great open spaces of Argentina and ter understanding between the Government, and, Brazil. Many thousands have already entered hence, the people of the United States of Ameri- those and other Latin American countries, where ca, and the governments and peoples of the other they have established homes and have begun a new countries of the Western hemisphere. Instead of life under more liberal conditions. The Christian the former policy of occupying a country with forces of North America, especially the Evangel- United States marines, in order to establish our ical churches, have a great opportunity to aid conception of what we considered law and order, these incoming thousands, making it possible for or exerting economic pressure to encompass our them not only to secure the right to liberty and own ends, a more modern and more Christian the pursuit of happiness, but also to surround "good neighbor" policy has been adopted and has themselves and their descendants with the spirbeen well received by all Latin American govern- itual blessings that flow from a free Church in a ments. Their people now look on us with a more free land.

Queen Salote of Tonga K ING GEORGE VI of Great Britain sent the lieves in the tenets of Christianity, but is most following message to the queen of Tonga, energetic in seeing that her beliefs find practical a Pacific Island, on the occasion of the expression in the daily life. With her, "Faith twentieth anniversary of her accession to the without works is dead." She is a constant attendthrone of Tonga. He said in part: ant at divine service, is a class leader, and is al- ways present at the regular meetings of the Chris- "The period of your reign has been one of tian Endeavor Society. Not only has Queen Salote steady and peaceful progress in the development advanced the interests of her people in the mateof your kingdom. Medical and health services rial sphere, but she has also, by her Christian life have been extended, educa.tional facilities have and character, provided them with a splendid been increased, roads have been built, and com- example of Christian living. munication between the islands has been improved by the provision of wireless stations. And The great event of the celebration took place in these achievements, of which your majesty may the large public square where gathered about four be justly proud, have been effected without in any thousand school children, as well as the Royal way sacrificing the financial stability of your Guards and Band. kingdom." Then came one of the finest sights of the day- Twenty years ago, as a young girl of eighteen, the march of four thousand school children, Queen Salote Tubou succeeded to the throne of carrying Tongan flags in their hands. Tonga. During the years intervening since that time, by her wise and statesmanlike rule, her The queen then departed, and as her car passed keen, unfailing interest in the well-being of her through the lines of children, she was hailed with subjects and her many excellent personal quali- hearty cheering and the waving of flags. Even ties, she has endeared herself to the people of her after she had returned to the palace the public land. How deeply enshrined she is in their hearts enthusiasm could not be restrained. The Tubou might well be gauged by the remarkable demon- boys entered the palace grounds, followed by the stration of loyalty and affection displayed by them other schools and the general public, until a crowd on October 11 of last year, the commemoration of of several thousands had collected. Her Majesty's the twentieth anniversary of her accession. appearance on the balcony and acknowledgment were the signal for more vociferous greeting. Queen Salote is known throughout the king- -By "The Wayfarer" in The Missionary Review dom as a sincere Christian, one who not only be- (Australia) .

Story for

Tony Finds Two Friends and it seemed wonderful to Tony room where Tony lay. His broth- to be able to help. As he snipped ers and sister were standing by By VIOLET WOOD, New York off the beans he thought of the his bed and to each one the nurse "Won't you leave your chil- time when his father had worked gave a glass of milk. dren with me, Mrs. Rossetti?" in the city, while his mother the nurse at the Center invited. stayed home and took care of As Tony's mother took her them. Suddenly there had been glass she spoke excitedly to the Mrs. Rossetti turned to Tony, no more work. A friend had told boy. Tony laughed, "My mothher ten-year-old son, to interpret his father of the need for bean er says you have nets over the for her. When she understood pickers and they had packed all babies' cradles to keep the flies what the nurse had said, Mrs. their belonging$. in a truck and away just as she used to have in Rossetti shook her head and had come to this big farm. Now the city." gathered her three small chil- father was sick for he had dren about her. worked too hard the first few "Ask her to leave you all with days. me tomorrow? You can go back "You could stay, too, Tony," to the fields in a few days, but the nurse said to the boy, "and At noon Mrs. Rossetti took it would be nice if you could stay help me take care of them." out of her blouse a paper bag and here a little while. Your broth- gave them all cold biscuits for ers and sister will love it." "I gotta pick beans," respond- lunch. She and the children ed,Tony. went on picking beans as they When Tony told his mother ate. But Tony could not eat his she nodded happily, as she fin- When Tony told his mother biscuit. Something was wrong. ished her milk and went back to what the nurse had said, the lit- His head felt as if it were float- the field. tle group passed the Center and ing away. But he kept on pickwent out towards the field. Tony ing, hoping that the funny feel- The nurse brought in some noticed several women leave ba- ing would pass. He suddenly picture books for Tony. One of bies and small children at the fainted. them was a beautiful "Life of Center. He shrugged. Who knew Jesus," and, as the nurse exwhat would be done to them in When Mrs. Rossetti called for plained some of the pictures the that place! Tony's family had help two men came over and car- boy looked up suddenly, and been at the migrant camp only a ried the boy to the Center. When said: "Then I have found two few days and he had no idea of new friends today!"

the loving care, the nice lunches, the nurse came she patted Tony's Making Use of This Story the toys and the Bible stories mother on the shoulder and in a few minutes he opened his eyes that were provided for the chil- and tried to smile. "You just The plight of the migrant is not well dren of the migrant workers. lie here for a little while and enough known by many people and yet soon you'll be quite all right. it is a great social problem in Amer- Down the long lanes between I'll bring you a nice glass of milk ica. Because the parents lose their the rows of bean poles the lit- in a few minutes. Tell your legal residence by so much traveling, tle family went, snipping off the mother I would like to show her the children get insufficient food, imbeans as they moved. Every- our little home here." proper shelter, no medical and dental body helped fill the baskets. care and very little schooling. When one was filled Mrs. Rosset- Tony translated this for his ti carried it to the weigher who mother, whose eyes shone with The Council of Women for Home checked the number of pounds gratitude. Missions has Centers in many states against her name. and has done a wonderful piece of The hot sun beat down upon The nurse beckoned to Mrs. work with the children. Excellent the men, women and children Rossetti and took her into an- material on the migrant is found in working on either side of Tony other room where babies lay the pamphlet, "They Starve That We and his mother. Although many sleeping in little cradles. In an- May Eat," compiled by Edith Lowry were thirsty they could not stop other room little boys and girls, and published by the Missionary Edueven for a drink of water. Every just like her own, were playing cation Movement (35 cents.) moment of daylight counted, and together at sand tables and with if they were to make enough blocks. In one corner a teacher money to buy food they must be was reading stories to the older Questions quick. boys and girls. All the children What would you lose if you had no home, no school, no church? Tony's back ached, but he was seemed very happy. bigger than his brothers and sis- In the kitchen Mrs. Rossetti What are some of the crops that ter and he could not stop to rest. watched the nurse fill five glass- migrants gather?

He must go on like his mother. es with milk. Putting them on Are migrant workers necessary in His father lay sick in the tent a tray she carried them to the America?

[367 ]

Ways of W9rking

'Tested Methods for Increasing Interest at Home hDITED BY GRACE W. MCGAVRAN, INDIANAPOLIS, INDIANA Enlisting a Congregation for and throb of enduring purpose as Pete and with a memorable in- they witness Christian romance scription was unveiled. The MissionEsdTuhcarotiuognh*Visual in China (yes, indeed, there is film also gives a glimpse of lep- high Christian romance in China ers' suffering, and of lepers who "Seeing is believing" is an old today, especially today), or a adage. But rich old warp woven great mass meeting of untouch- have been helped. into today's tapestries gives pat- ables in India, or a frightened At the close of the showing of terns of beauty, luster and value. African youth witness his moth- er's slow death at the hands of this film in the city church the If every Christian at home the witch doctor and his deter- pastor arose and said, "I have could visit and see the mission mination to run away and find today had a new vision of this fields, their opportunities, their the secret of the doctor who talks great work. I think everyone needs, their returns for service, and acts with love at his Christhe weaving of the pattern of tian "medicine house" in the for- of· our Sunday school classes Christ into the lives of peoples, est clearing. should have one of these pig not much time or money would banks. I suggest that all of our need to be spent on promotion A few weeks ago the film, Sunday school offering next Sunwork for Christianity. In the "A Million Dollar Pig," taken by day go to the leper work and I entanglement of threads in our nromise to find means of matchpattern here in our own land we the American Mission to Lepers, ing, dollar for dollar, all that are prone to grow discouraged, was shown in a large city church. the Sunday school gives." He feeling it improbable that there It tells the story of how a ten- felt as we had felt after visiting are other spots on the earth year-old boy, Wilbur, sad be- the many leper colonies on our where the Christ pattern is be- cause his mother had been able African way during the past ing distinctly and clearly woven. to furnish support for only nine lepers instead of ten, bought a months. If we cannot see these remote little pig with three dollars Films from mission fields are places, the next best step is to which had been given him. The have them brought to us by the children 0 f the community goingto be increasingly available medium of the motion picture- joined in feeding the pig, all the in the days ahead. The 1938 as nearly life-like a portrayal as time envisioning that pig as Africa Film Project has already can be had outside the actual bringing smiles to the face of released its first 3-Reel, 16 mm. experience. Christianity has not some weary leper. It was finally film, "Ngono and Her People." been in haste to take on this won- sold for twenty-five dollars and It movingly tells the life of a derfully convincing method, feel- the money was sent to help a typical African girl. In it one ing perhaps a worldliness about little leper boy of Siam. Out of really lives in the life of a girl of the very utterance of "movies." this experience came the idea of Africa; feels the heartache of a But at last, after the field of edu- the "pig banks," over 100,000 of ten-year-old child torn from her cation recognized why the "eye which have been distributed in mother and sent to harem life; witness" medium so grasped the America. They have brought in feels the fear of the jungle world public, Christians have over one million dollars to aid where she hides, the ,doubtful come to realize that these same the lepers of the world. Then the eyes may prove to be inlets to film shows the twenty-fifth anni- serenity in the hands of her the hearts and souls of vast num- versary of the event of Wilbur missionary rescuers, the school bers of people. Eyes that make and his pig, "Pete," as it was life, the romance of true love, hearts thrill and throb over which "never smooth did run" scenes of intrigue or love may celebrated in Wilbur's little home in Africa either, the power of also stir those hearts to the thrill town of White Cloud, Kansas. Over one thousand people there, the Christian life and all the • We are indebted to Mrs. Emory Ross including Chief White Cloud and problems it brings, as again she for this fine article. She last year accom- his tribe, honored Wilbur, now a meets the witch doctor and his panied her husband, who is pxecutive secre- successful engineer still giving wiles. As the last scene fades tary of th" American Mission to Lepers, on of himself and his money to help you feel that you have been in a trip to Africa to see many of the institu- lepers. A bronze tablet, erected Africa and you know that Christions aided by that Society. She was former- in his honor, with Wilbur and tian missions pay. You have ly a missionary in the C?n~o and .is now seen with your own eye. an active promoter of mISSIonary Interest [368 ] in America. Another six or eight films are being prepared on various phas- es of Africa, her life, her importance in the world, the impact of and explain some things which more careful showing of one? civilization upon her, the need will otherwise be without mean- Take time to slow down the ac- for Christianity to keep pace. ing. But announce that after tion where it is necessary. You Among the scenarios* are "The the first running there will be a will need to go over the film at World's Stake in Africa," "Chil- second, during which any ques- least once with the operator, be- dren of Africa," "A Day in an tions or comments may be of- fore it is shown in the program African Village," ""Bwamba"- fered. Plan time to do this, so in order to decide where the mo- (the life of a typical African that no one will have a sense of tion should be slowed, and how boy) , and "How an African being rushed. Offer to run it much. As you show it, be very Tribe is Ruled." through a third time for those sure to remark when you do so: Yes, today the home church who would like to see it again, "We will slow down at this may see the foreign field, and after the meeting has been dis- point," having explained before seeing, may she believe the more missed. hand the purpose of slowing and hasten to make the pattern Slow Motion in Using a Movie down. Otherwise you may leave Christian in those lands yet in the impression that the people the loom.-Myrta Pierson Ross. The label on the film case read, filmed are lazy or slow in their "Twenty minutes will be re- movements. quired to show this film." A Informal Use of a Movie group of people, planning to use It is needless to say that some films in their churches, had bor- films will not gain by such treat- The parents of a missionary rowed from the mission board ment. Use good judgment in dereceived, in their very ordinary ciding when to use normal speed mid-west town, a package from an entire set of five on the coun- and when not to do so. their children. It was a one-reel try the churches were studying, film, showing the missionary son and were giving a sort of pre- Remember that some projecand daughter setting up camp view so as to be able to present tors make a lot of noise. Whoin a village, taking part in a them more intelligently from ever reads the accompanying lec- time to time. They started im- ture, or prepares a talk to go church service, giving treatment mediately after lunch to have with the showing, should have a to a baby with sore eyes, walk- them run through. voice easily heard over the noise ing in their garden and romping of the machine. Nine o'clock that evening with the grandchildren who had found them reluctantly re-wind- Newer Stereopticon Pictures been mere babies the last time ing the last film. What had hapthey were home. pened? They found that while Color cameras have brought the speed required to run the into the field of stereopticon With what delight the aging film through in twenty minutes slides something a great deal parents viewed the scenes, as was quite correct for .seeing that more vivid and delightful than their beloved ones moved before which is familiar, it was too fast we have had before. Slides can them. The missionary women of to give them time to see what be made directly from the color the church, naturally, borrowed happened in scenes and actions film. No tinting of pictures with the film. The showing was made quite unfamiliar to them. They the colors running into each othinto a gala occasion. The film therefore slowed the running to er, or failing to join! Furtherwas run through once. Then a considerable extent. more, the picture-taker, instead it was run through again. Com- of having to remember that he ments and questions rose freely When that was done, they cannot count on color to do for during the showing. Whoever those who are to see the pictures had an idea as to the correct an- could actually see what was hap- what its actual presence is doswer to any question ventured pening. For example, the quick- ing for him, knows now that colit. Then they ran the film ly-run film showed a woman or, almost as he sees it, will be through again. Details that had squatting before a mud cooking- present in his film. escaped notice came to the atten- place, doing something with tion of the women now. Those That opens a much wider pospresent felt as if they had had swift capable hands. The slowed sibility for enjoyment in the use a real visit with their missionary film showed her going through of stereopticon slides on subjects and his family. of missionary interest. To be the process of handling the flat sure there are as yet few sets Are you following that proce- unleavened bread in the three which have been made by the dure when you show a film? Or simultaneous processes of mold- newer processes. But most sets are you having it shown as a ing one cake, while a second was have been vastly improved durformal part of your meeting, to searing and a third was being ing the last year or two, and they be run through once, accompa- baked among the live coals of begin to "tell a story" instead of nied by its lecture or by polite si- the fire. giving a disjointed picture of lence, immediately to be re- places and people. wound, set into its case, and sent Some parts of the film became on its travels? tedious with the slowing up, but During summer months, the the operator was soon able to picture method of becoming ac- If there is a lecture, by all speed up sections which did not quainted with the missionary means have it used. It will help show detailed action, and to slow work of the church is well worth to clear up many puzzling bits, down on those which did.

Instead of rushing through • Not yet available. two films, why not arrange a considering.

For Small Children Pictures article), was sponsored by the each and marked its location Are Best Harmon Foundation and the Af- with a red pin. rica Committee of the Foreign The flicker and movement of Missions Conference of North The study might have gone movie pictures are not any too America. "Song After Sorrow" further, but did not. To atgood for the eyes of the small is another new film which por- tempt to locate all Protestant children. Furthermore very lit- trays the magnificent work in churches in a city the size of tle of the motion pictures, de- one of the leper colonies in theirs would have taken more signed to interest and educate Africa. time than the enterprise was adults, is of value for children worth for that one study. But of pre-school age. Films like the two mentioned there, in visual form, lay the may perhaps be secured from information that, scattered all The nursery and beginner your mission board under the over their city, were many child should not, however, be same conditions as other films of churches which were working to neglected in the use of visual missionary work, or they may be make the city a more Christian education. One of the newest rented from the Harmon Foun- place in which to live. In those pieces of material, specifically dation. "Song After Sorrow," buildings, week after week, men planned for use with them, is may be rented direct from the and women and beiys and girls the picture set "Children and American Mission to Lepers, 156 gathered to study, to worship, Their Toys Around the World." Fifth Avenue, New York. and to have fellowship. It has eight pictures in color, and a leaflet with a short story Investigate the possibilities. Such a visualization of facts to go with each. This publica- Write to your mission board for gives children a real sense of tion of the Friendship Press sells information. Remember that being a part of something which for sixty cents and can be se- the number of copies of each film includes and yet is greater than cured through your denomina- is limited so that requests need their own local church group. It tional book store. to be made well in advance of the expands their horizon. It brings date desired. We know that one to their consciousness, in a way The pictures are directly re- group of films is dated up com- that mere spoken information lated to the child's interests. pletely for four months in cannot do, the realization of Each one shows a child of some advance. Others, not on the forces which are operating toother race or nation, with a toy country of the current study, day to rebuild the world in characteristic of his environ- may not require such advance Christian ways. ment. booking. Try the use of this form of visual education in the Maps, graphs and charts are This set should be part of the near future. We venture to say not to be limited to Juniors equipment of every Nursery and that you will plan to include it alone. They are good for any Beginners department. It might very definitely in your subse- age above Juniors. well be used in each child's own quent study. home. Individual pictures can Consider them for use in your then be hung in turn where the Using Maps with Juniors church or parish house lobby. Or child will enjoy them. in your meetings when you have When a Junior department five minutes to present some in- Sources for Religious and was making a study of The City, formation about missions which Missionary Movies as was suggested in the course, can best be imparted through they used their own city as the this form of visualization. The Most -of those reading these object of their study. small graphs and charts often columns are familiar with the sent out from Board headquarsources of missionary films. The The boys took a big map of ters, in materials for the inforimportant source for any church the town and mounted it on bea- mation of leaders, can easily be is its own missionary board. Ar- ver board. Starting with their enlarged to proportions such as rangements differ. Many mis- own community they set out to to make it possible for a large sionary boards loan the films discover and locate on the map group or an entire congregation free of charge, requiring only the position of the Protestant to see them. Color can be used payment of express charges both churches of their city. When to make them vivid in their enways. There is the additional they found the actual streets larged form, where only black cost of a projector which is running past their own church, and white was used in the printusually rented locally by the a red pin marked the spot on the ed form. church. map! They did the same with other churches of their neighbor- Never leave such materials The Harmon Foundation, 140 hood. Then they went further hanging for more than a week Nassau St., New York, N. Y., is afield. They secured the list of or two. You do not glance at another very important source. the churches of their own denom- that store window where the dis- Their charges are reasonable. ination in their town. What a play is the same week after Some of the Harmon Foundation surprise! Who would have week. Let your people become films have been prepared in co- guessed that in their own city accustomed to finding something operation with certain of the there were so many churches of new, fresh and worthwhile on mission boards. The Africa film, their own group? They located your display wall every week or "Ngono and Her People" (re- so. ferred to by Mrs. Ross in her

BULLETIN

Council of Women for Home Missions EDITED BY MISS EDITH E. LOWRY, 297 FOURTH AVENUE, NEW YORK, N. Y.

~======~~~==================== WITH THE MIGRANTS IN crops." It was while in "melons" family as they were growing up CALIFORNIA in Imperial that Maria had her and it took more and more and accident. According to her fa- it seemed that he made less and The bountiful state of Cali- ther: less. So at last they joined the fornia with its varying seasons, caravan of folks off to "the land luxuriant farms, and many in- "If I stay few more days to work of promise," California, to seek dustries is faced with the tre- in floods last winter and not go down their fortune. Theirs was a mendous problems. of migrant to Valley, maybe I not have the bad wreck of a car, a truck, with a people-people who trek from luck, but I go. It's cold. That day canvas over the top so that the crop to crop, starving in between our children left alone. This one, mother and children could sleep "prunes" and "cotton" because Maria, she think she make herself there and the father drove as there is never enough to go warm burning paper. She light it. many hours as he could to make around. When it is too hard to It catch her dress. This other one the trip as short as possible-it find food for three scanty meals she want to throw on water, but the took them fourteen days-a four a day, new clothes are out of the burning one, Maria, she scared, she to seven day trip in a decent car. question; and these people are so run out the door all flames till she The trip was made in the pourvery poor! fall; she fainting then. Her sweater, ing rain. They still shudder as it stops the flame from her face. She they remember the terrible ex- To help lighten their burden bur ned so bad, all over front. She in perience of losing a wheel on a and bring some necessary relief, hospital six months. Eighty-seven steep grade, and the "panthers" the Council of Women for Home skin grafts her mother give, but not that they could hear howling in Missions supports missionary much healing. I got no money, but the night, not to mention the nurses who serve these camps. hospital very good. The vallev too fiat tires that had to be fixed on Nursing and visiting the sick, hot for Maria, doctors say I must take the darkest roads. They felt that telling the story of the Gospel to Maria to where is cool; no more let- their crossing the mountains was the children, finding help here, tuce, no more melons, I go north to quite as trying as that of the eargiving help there, from dawn to 'prunes'; I take my family, and for lier "pioneers" of the covered dark they go and always leaving Maria it is cool. The doctor there wagon days. a little hope, a little comfort and say, 'you no live here,' you take Maria a great feeling of friendship. where you live. What I do? Maria They arrived during the mush- cannot live where is the heat; no room season, and, as they had Would you like to meet a few doctor where it is cool. .I feed my never had such a tasty dish they of these families who make their family? I must work. Doctor put living in crops? on one bandage, I keep Maria with me. I do all the best I know. I keep Take the family of John Wil- burn clean with feather. It no get liams-the children: Susanna, better. She seem sick; she no play born in the "grapes"; Maria, in like other children. Her dress, it hurts "melons·" ; E u p hem i a, in her burn, she walked stooped, like old "prunes" ; John, in "lettuce"; lady. We have cot just for her. We Raphael, in "nuts"; Josephine, move to 'cotton,' and you find her. She in "cotton." Truly children of afraid, she shake all over." the crops. Here there is hope expressed in his When the nurse came upon brightened countenance, he is encourthem she saw Maria walking aged, as he continues: very stooped so that her worn thin dress, her only garment, "You nurse, you find her. Her burn would not be touching her open so bad for so long; you come often, sore which covered her abdomen "ou do much for Maria. It take you and thighs. She was frightened long time, many bandages, much work as she stood before the nurse for you, but now Maria she all well. holding her dress away from her God bless you nurse ! We cannot say body with trembling fingers and how much we thank you. Now, no told her story. more cotton, we go to valley for 'let- tuce' and 'melons'; work for me, feed The family took to the road in my family. heat no hurt Maria now 1930 when the father lost his job -she well!" and joined the "Gypsies of the Then there is the White fam- ily from Oklahoma – father, mother, and four children. For ten years Mr. White had been the "handy man" in the little town that was their home. He made sixty to seventy dollars a month. That didn't keep his [371 ]

relished it more than they could cents. Forty men went out and They are healing now. The describe. Just by picking they picked one crate of spinach. druggist was afraid to undertake could have all they wanted to treatment because of the severity eat. But the season was soon A Mexican father doesn't of the burn, but the nurse over and such things are just a know what to do. He asks the "breathes a prayer" and gives memory. nurse. He explains that there is the necessary treatment for it is no more cotton to pick, and he sixty miles to a doctor, and be- A Brief Round in Camp only has beans for his family to sides there is no money. The Visiting eat. The nurse has no alterna- druggist thinks it is the "prayer" tive but to suggest "relief." The Leaving the nurse's home, we father is proud, and explains, "I that did it-healing, he thinks, go seventeen miles on good high- never ask for that in all time. I was impossible otherwise. way, then eight miles on an just move here. My wife she sick adobe road, then the last half at heart, no can work much; I On to another camp and the mile over what is supposed to sick in stomach, cannot work all road is still slippery, and it is be a road, and into the camp, time." ten miles distant. This camp is thirty cabins in all. Separated from these are some larger cab- Drive toward the foothills and built beside a canal. Here the ins-these for the "permanent" on this road there are three Council nurse spent much time, help. It is wash-day. Tubs of camps. Roads impassable in effort and energy toward solving water are being heated over fires rainy weather. It is ten miles to built outside; clothes lines the first. the problem of sanitation. The stretched between cabins filled grower was very cooperative. with clean garments of all kinds, shapes and sizes. Some families asked the camp Over one tub is a Mexican EYE CLINIC IN A MIGRANT GENTER mother, rubbing away on a washboard, and beside her is her The nurse recalls that this manager concerning the nurse's three-year-old, the youngest of camp was one of her most un- authority, and the grower issued nine. He has on two sweaters sanitary camps, so much so that and a coat, and a dark cloth tied the camp manager remarked to the order that if families did not around his head. her, "I believe these children are cooperate with the nurse that the dirtiest of all cotton camps." they would be moved out. Camp The nurse discovers that the That can't be said now. The child has a temperature. She camp manager and the campers and cabins were cleaned. Five explains that he must be kept in gamblers who had caused the bed, and she takes the child by too were most cooperative in nurse no little concern, were the hand, leads him into the cab- changing things. Health kits moved out. Order prevailed. in, the mother follows and a containing wash cloth, soap, little pallet is made in the corner The sentiment of the people of the cabin. His clothing is re- tooth-brush, and comb, were moved and he is slipped into a given to the children. whom the nurse serves is best pair of warm sleepers that the expressed by the tribute to the nurse finds among her clothing The nurse inquires. about Mr. nurse by a country doctor who supplies. That dark rag is re- Gonzales who was burned so bad- depends. on their help to bring moved from the only window in ly at Christmas, and discovers healing and health to these mithe cabin, and she explains to that he has learned that she is in grants. "So much is heard and the mother that there must be camp and is getting the "water read nowadays of organizations sunlight. The mother im't un- boiling" for her to use in dress- and agencies. doing this and that derstanding why the cloth should for the migrants, but the one not be about her child's head, be- ing the wound. He has learned cause she explains, "Baby sick that it had to boil ten minutes who does the most and the most in the head," but she is willing worthwhile thing in helping the to do as the nurse says, and does before she could use it. First migrant is the little missionary not miss a word of the nurse's and second degree burns were on nurse who rarely ever gets one instructions to "rub the child's chest four times daily with warm his left shoulder and upper arm line of printed matter concerncamphorated oil; give plenty of ing her work in the paper." water and fluids, and keep baby -he had fallen on the stove. in bed."

It is late in the cotton season, and many people are not working. Some have gone out to pick spinach but so little could be made they didn't stay. One man explained that he had made ten

World–wide

A Missionary Newspaper of Current Events ~ EDITED BY MRS. HENRIETTA H. FERGUSON, XENIA, OHIO ~'================================-~~ LATIN AMERICA fered the boys. Near Saltillo, weekly broadcast of religious boys are taught in school to programs. 'A Latin American Cooperation in a Church Bell make rope, and other articles Youth Conference is planned for from raw materials they have February, 1940, in Lima, Peru. We all know about the denom- raised. They learn the art of inational cooperation am 0 n g making dyes, and using them. -Christian Century. Christian forces in Puerto Rico; At the same school, the boys of the union enterprises which farm a tract of land, raise cat- Among South American include a theological seminary, tle, hogs and bees. Indians book store, newspaper, university pastor, e~change of pulpits, Culture Missions, something The treaty signed between and other manifestations of the like an Institute, are held at in- Bolivia and Paraguay leaves the cooperative spirit; but this spir- tervals all over Mexico. For a way open for Christian work it does not end with formal en- period of ten days, five or six among pagan Indians of both terprises. When the Yauco Bap- educators meet with teachers for countries, especially in the Chatist Church, for example, had a lectures and discussion, with co area between the two. Var- 500 pound bell that would not graphs, charts and posters. Such ious indepe!ldent organizations fit its tower, and the Ensenada subjects as the cause and cure of have expanded their work among Presbyterian Church had a large eye trouble, or the digestive Bolivian Indians; while the tower but no bell, the Presby- processes, are presented. This South American Missionary Soterians bought a small bell and is work along constructive lines. ciety has completed fifty years gave it to the Yauco Baptists, of work in the Paraguayan Chawhile they in turn presented the Protestant Youth in South co. In Chile, the same mission Presbyterians with their 500 America has developed a work among pound bell. Mapuche Indians, two of whom The Protestant young people's have been ordained deacons. Rural Schools in Mexico organizations of Argentina and Uruguay held their second bien- In the Argentine Chaco, work The Federal Government has nial conference last April, with has been most encouraging. At put in operation some very prac- more than 100 delegates, repre- Easter 68 adults were baptized, tical ideas in rural education. senting seven denominations, in and a new area has been opened. Two groups of Southern Metho- attendance. There were three The Unevangelized Fields Misdist missionaries visited a num- visiting delegates from Brazil. sion has continued its pioneer ber of these rural schools last The program centered around work among Kayapo Indians of year, and their impressions are the deepening of spiritual life, Amazonia, who, it will be rereported in the World Outlook. and the challenge of the present membered, killed three mission- Almost every country school has day to young Christians. Three aries (the "three Freds") in a little store which the children things stood out: first, interest 1935. themselves manage, thus learn- in a g g res s i v e evangelism; ing how to buy and sell and order second, a passion for closer co- -International Review of Missupplies, such as pencils, tablets, operation in Christian service, sions. crayons, cookies, etc. Some have irrespective of denominational kitchens where the children differences, and a sense that After the Earthquake in Chile learn how to prepare many vari- Protestant Christians are bound eties of food. One school visited by a common loyalty to Jesus Reconstruction work is under maintained a barber shop, while Christ; finally, a desire that way in Chile, following the dispractically all of them raised Christian forces may reach out astrous earthquake, and at pressome living thing -chickens, into the realms of popular litera- ent there is a huge construction rabbits or pigeons. ture and social life. camp at Chillan, located there for months. Military authorities Nearly every school has an an- In these two republics, young have permitted Mr. William M. nual exhibit of needlework, and people's work is organized under Strong to open a center for rest there are special projects to be two national federations. Each and evangelism right in the undertaken by high school girls; publishes a religious monthly, in- heart of this vast encampment, perhaps a layette for a baby formative and well edited. For -its only place of diversion. brother, or her graduation out- several years the Argentine fedfit, while manual training is of- eration has maintained a bi- Evangelical workers were left practically unharmed by the [373 ] earthquake, says Mr. Strong. He

adds that when in 1757 half of Franco occupied Catalonia, evan- Church shall transfer the right Concepcion sank beneath the gelical churches were not inter- of the use of certain cathedrals, surface in a similar cataclysm, fered with, but it is reported that yet to be named, to the Hitler blasphemy, drunkenness and in- those in Barcelona are closed, Elite Guard for their neo-pagan decency were put aside for a though it is believed to be only ceremonies. long time; and asks if perhaps a temporary measure. a similar result will follow this All three demands were relatest catastrophe. -The Christian. fused on the ground that the Di- rectorate was not empowered to EUROPE The "Church of the Den" make any such decision. The demands were issued by the On the Montmartre, Paris Long before Wycliffe and chief of police over the head of Hus were born, the Waldenses the State's church minister, who The Tabernacle Church on the preached the Gospel which re- is reported to have fallen into Montmartre has a corps of de- formers afterward taught in disfavor among the radical elevoted workers. M. Charlet, an Europe. A few months ago a ment of the government; a reevangelist, was a merchant, a group of British tourists visited port that is coupled with the Parisian skeptic, whom God the great cavern known as "the statement that the "Gestapo" called to the ministry of preach- church in the den.". During the (secret police) are sick and tired ing. Andre Fune is son of a time of the persecution of the of the whole church business. French farmer, who is working Waldenses this cavern was used at real financial sacrifice with as a secret place for worship and Encouragement in the Ukraine his wife, a registered nurse. In study of the Bible. Access to it 1925 a young Swiss engineer, Al- is obtained by crawling through September 25, 1938, was the fred Escher, gave up a career to a narrow tunnel formed in the 950th anniversary of the foundserve this mission church. Fif- long past by a terrific upheaval, ing of the Ukrainian Lutheran teen Hollanders have found when the great rocks fell into Church. At that time a Harvest Christ in these meetings. M. the position which they occupy Festival was celebrated in Stan- Jacques Blocher, trained in the today. From the tunnel one islau, when people came from University of Paris and in the emerges into an immense nat- every direction, by wagon, train Bible Institute, Minneapolis, is ural cathedral, the only shaft of or on foot. All Evangelical Luanother worker. M. and Mme. light coming through an aper- therans participated in a com- Dumesil sold their property at ture in the roof. In this spot munion service, creating a pro- Dieulefit to serve as unpaid vol- hallowed by the prayers of mar- found impression upon all those unteers. M. Memmert came in tyrs a feeling of awe came over present. The Stanislau pastor, 1933 after careful preparation the visitors-a feeling that ex- Rev. Theodore J arczuk, writes in the Bible school of Pastor tended to the muleteers who had of the victories of the Gospel of Saillens at Nogent-sur-Marne guided them to it. They rever- Christ among these people: "The and in Glasgow. This does not ently removed their hats upon results of this Harvest Festival exhaust the list. entering. One of them ap- led to arrangement for a similar proached the leader of the tour- service for the Reformation An effective agency is the Gos- ist party and said, hesitantly, Festival on October 2:0. Attenpel poster; 500 of these have "If Monsieur prayed?" And so, dance was even greater. Those been put up in Paris and sub- with bowed heads and hearts up- who passed the chapel were asurbs. Many persons have bought lifted to the Saviour of all, Eng- tonished at the crowd of people, copies of the Scriptures as a re- lish, Irish and Italian, each and said: 'These Lutherans besult. Sometimes professional praised Him there for the past, lieve in God.' The Festival conbill pOosters tear them down; and asked His help in the future cluded with the singing of 'A sometimes unexpected results for the Waldensian Church. Mighty Fortress Is Our God.' In are produced in connection with many different ways the work other posters. For example, a Confessional Church Crisis was advanced." poster announcing a grand ball, had this significant addition at- Three new demands made on Pastor J arczuk writes further: tached: "And after it is over?" the Confessional Church by the Most of this work is done by the German chief of police, Hein- It has long been the custom of young people of the Tabernacle. rich Himmler, indicate that the Lutheran Ukrainians to worship on struggle between the Church and Epiphany at the bank of a river, in -So S. Times. State is nearing a decisive phase. commemo"ation of the preaching of These demands, as reported by John the Baptist at the River Jordan. Gospel Work in Spain the New York Times, were: 1. A few months ago such a service was The Confessional Church shall held on the banks of the Dniester. Reports vary considerably in relinquish its claim to a share of The crowd was constantly augmented, regard to the prospects for evan- the church tax. 2. The Confes- the nearer it came to the river. From gelical work in Spain, now that sional Church shall surrender its all neighboring villages came the folthe war has ended. Protestant status as a corporation of pub- lowers of the Gospel and the curious. churches are permitted to open lic right. 3. The Confessional At the place where the service was to in some centers, in others they be held, thousands of persons had alremain closed. When General ready gathered, listening with the greatest interest to every word of the service. Among those present were some who had come to disturb the serv-

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

ice. From the other side of the river at Memia, found no sale for her to work with God in the planta group of agitators came across in a pictures and turned to fruit cul- ing and working of their garboat. As they were crossing one of ture, finally gave that up also; dens.-American Board News. their number cried out: "Either I and offered her home to the Miswill throw the Lutheran pastors into sion. There was no money to "Separatist" Groups the water or will drown myself." But buy, but she agreed to rent and when the service began they listened, now the Mission is established These religious. groups in the and the longer they listened the more there. Union of South Africa number attentive they became. Soon the an- over 500, ilccording to official ger faded; they took off their caps The entire Bible is available figures. Similar movements are and began to nod approvingly. At in Kabyle; portions have been found in other parts of Africa. the close of the service the young man put into the Berber dialects of Whatever may be the underlywho avowed that he would throw us Morocco. So far, the Scriptures ing cause of the rise of these into the water joined our brethren and are almost the only literature in sects, they are hindering the began to make known his sympathy. these dialects. spiritual growth of the African Church. In general, the separa- AFRICA School in Elephant Land tist groups are formed by those who are moved by personal am- The "Book of Manne'rs" Children from the kraals of bition or who wrongly interpret southern Rhodesia attend schools the Scriptures; by those who are Mrs. E. M. Bailey, of the which are merely thatched roof seeking to avoid discipline or United Presbyterian Mission at sheds, and these are often de- have been disciplined by the rec- Minia, Egypt, writes that one stroyed by herds of roaming ele- ognized churches. Sometimes the of the most encouraging things phants. In these so-called "light movements spring from reasons that has happened in the Chris- houses" it costs about $1.40 which are racial or political, or tian school in a long time is the apiece to give the children an from the hope that in the ecclesivoluntary request of some of the elementary education, and is astical sphere the African will graduates for a special Bible their only chance to secure one. be able fo obtain a freedom of class. They are now in a gov- Of this sum, the government action which is denied him in ernment secondary school and supplies 68 cents, the American the political. Owing to the high they find there an atmosphere of Board contributes 30 cents and proportion of illiteracy among profanity and rudeness very dif- the pupil must somehow find the the rank and file of the African ferent from the Christian school other 42 cents, and also buy his people it is always possible for where they grew up. They are books. This would barely sup- a leader of strong personality, coming on a free afternoon to ply movie tickets for the Amer- by specious promises to carry study the Bible and have brought ican child, but we read of one numbers of people with him into several of their new Moslem lad who walked six miles.. each the body which he forms. schoolmates with them. One of way, to cut grass for six cents them, when the Bibles were a day; sold tomatoes from his -Congo Mission News. brought out, asked what they mother's tiny garden, and finally, were. A Moslem girl from last to complete the 42 cents walked WESTERN ASIA year's graduating class replied: six miles with a bunch of bana- "That's the book we get our man- nas on his head to sell them for a Another Side of Palestine ners out of." few cents. Picture Among the Berbers In the same section of Africa It is heartening to sight some there is conducted each year an islands in the sea of trouble Monsieur Warren, of the Paris interesting ceremony called "The which is Palestine. One is what Evangelical Missionary Society, Seed and Hoe Consecration has been described as a "boom" has recently visited the stations Service," a blending of long es- in Christian education. The of the North Africa Mission in tablished African custom and C. M. S. Girls' School at Amman Tunisia, Algeria and Morocco. Christian practice. Men, women has the confidence of prominent In The Link he describes the and children come with seeds Moslem families, and is looking curious Berber villages of flat- and hoes. The pastor recalls how toward a boarding department roofed houses, reminiscent of the the people would bring grain to for village girls. The Bishop's adventure of the spies in Jericho the chief to be blessed so that it School for Boys in the same (for Berber tradition has it that might be productive. "Here," town is becoming a cultural centhe Berbers are the descendants he points out, "we are bringing ter, and pupils of the different of Canaan's inhabitants, driven grain and hoes to God for His communities are mixing without out by Joshua). This sturdy blessing on our work." At Chik- strain in these schools. A race is not deeply grounded in ore, Rev. Frank T. Meacham re- marked increase of interest in Mohammedanism, and therefore ports that the Community Dem- social work is noted; large nummore or less open to the Gospel. onstrator spoke on the parable bers of the elder boys and girls More than fifty years ago, the of the Sower and then represent- volunteered to teach in daily vafounder of the North Africa atives of the congregation stood cation Bible schools during the Mission was interested in them, before the altar and repeated a summer holidays, and took a but the door was not open for pledge consecrating themselves deep interest in the thousand or evangelization. Years later, an English lady-artist built a home

more children who attended the taught that there is no God, no tees. An interesting experiment score of schools held. use in prayer, and that educated calculated to abolish purdah was people have ceased to be be- the formation of a "family cir- Christian medical work stands lievers. cle" in one constituency, with a out. There is a new hospital at view to promoting inter-commu- Es Salt, and a small temporary On the other hand, there is nal friendship and inculcating a clinic is at work in Jerash. Other developing a more open-minded healthy sense of freedom among hospitals and dispensaries report attitude towards many matters, the sexes, and to encourage increasing work. It seems cer- including religion; and although sport. tain that the spirit of Christ is there is no wide-open door for at work, and new hope has arisen Gospel preaching in Turkey, the Thus Hindu, Mohammedan, that the land sacred to three re- evangelist can get a hearing if Sikh, Parsee and Christian womligions may again become a land there is no suspicion that his en are cooperating for the uplift of peace. message has any political bear- of India's Women. . -International Review of Mis- ing. There is a free field for -Women's Missionary Maga- the circulation of Christian liter- sions. ature; and the Scriptures, which zine. have been published in Latin Palestine After Eighteen Years script, are selling readily. In Soviet Combats Missions the Istanbul area it has been Moses Bailey, writing in The found that the establishment M The Bombay Press Service re- American Friend, describes the small, scattered prayer groups ports': changes he observed in Palestine among the members of the Evanwhen he returned after an ab- gelical and Oriental churches has The Soviet Russian Godless League sence of 18 years. Better roads, served to strengthen and encour- has decided to establish international more land under cultivation, in- age them in life and witness. schools in Moscow to train propacreased orange groves, shade ganda experts to combat the missiontrees, irrigation systems, modern -International Review of Mis- ary work of the Christian Church in ways of doing things, were su- sions. the colonies, especially the humanitarperficial changes first noted. Per- ian and cultural work. Indians, Nehaps the tremendously increased INDIA AND BURMA groes and Arabians will be among the hatred, fear and economic insta- candidates to be trained in these bility might also be signs of Years of Progress :schools. modernity. In the midst of all this it is difficult to train boys The All-India Women's Con- The Bulletin adds: and girls for a useful life. Fiery ference is the acknowledged adnationalists' idea of education is vocate of the women of India, According to information received to have their wits sharpened the without any distinction of creed, in London, special propaganda cambetter to supplant their oppo- caste or class. It has a mem- paign for British India is announced nents. bership of over 8,500. At its by the Riga press bureau of the God- 13th session, about 200 delegates less League. The campaign includes, Mr. Bailey finds two outstand- were in attendance. The criti- among other things, the scattering of ing attributes in the Arab mind: cism that the Conference was 10,000 Russian atheists throughout a genius for friendship and a only for ladies of leisure was re- India. keenness for hard study, not futed, for the delegates were surpassed in any other race, so mostly teachers, doctors and oth- The same facts have been notfar as he has observed. Friend- er workers. ed in European papers. liness and ability form a combination that can go far. There The work of the conference Plea for Economy are two disadvantages, however, during the past year has been as Mr. Bailey sees it; religion, constructive and extensive. Pub- The Soc i a I Reconstruction whether Christian or Moslem, is lic opinion has been enlightened Committee of the American materialistic; and the fact that as to divorce, polygamy and the Marathi Mission presented to the the Arab feels first and thinks legal disabilities of women. Ag- Annual Meeting of the Council afterward; this makes them a ricultural improvement and a recommendation on family fertile field for the demagogue. home industries, such as leather problems, among them the ex- work, clay modeling and needle- travagant marriage c u s tom s Materialism in Turkey work, have been organized in prevalent in the Indian Chris- several centers. Considerable tian community. It was urged The westernization of Turkey attention had been paid to ma- that all Indian Christians and goes on apace; so much so that ternity and child welfare, and especially mission workers armissionaries are saying that it is clinics providing free medical range only simple and inexpennot primarily Mohammedanism, treatment, and in some cases sive weddings, without giving but materialism with which they free milk and clothing, had been dinners to the community, or have to deal. In many govern- established at some centers. The spending money on bands, on ment schools there is not only insanitary condition of certain processions, on lights or on rich no religious. and moral teaching schools and mill areas had been clothing for bride, bridegroom given, but distinct anti-religious tackled by a few health commit- or relatives; and without borteaching. The children are rowing any money for the occa- sion. To encourage those who would prefer to arrange wed- dings within their means, but who yield to the pressure of so- cial opinion, it was recommended

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

that Christians should not attend reminded of it by one of the augurate a New Life Movement, extravagant wedding festivities. women, a fact in itself encour- with the following objectives as aging. So a meeting was called their goal: It was further recommended to plan the campaign, and in- that all mission schools and in- stead of the six women expected, No filth in the house or around it. stitutions should introduce prac- eighteen presented themselves Every Christian wear clean clothes. tical projects which through ex- for Instructions. No debts contracted through mar- perience will teach all students riage, and workers the value of money The women were divided into No excessive interest. and how to use it; and will also groups of three or four, and each No expensive feasts. definitely discourage them from group was assigned a definite All disputes settled out of court. going into debt. number of homes to visit; thus Punctuality, all the homes in one village were Cleansing of tobacco from personal -Dnyanodaya. visited in an afternoon. In two and social life. homes the workers were asked No liquor. Bhil Christians to pray; those who asked for Adoption of a salutation-folding this said they had faith, but to hands and saying namascaram. The story of Christian Work accept Christ openly was a dif- At least one-tenth to Church, Chris- among the Bhils goes back to ferent matter. tian work and charity. the year 182'8, when a British Wiping out the remnants of caste. officer, an earnest Christian, was Mrs. Whitcomb went with a Family devotions every day. in charge of Rajputana, and in different group each day, and No recreation that cannot be taken his administration of the district was deeply moved by the ear- in the name of the Lord Jesus. prayed for the day when these nestness of these women in giv- A cooperative in every village people might hear the Gospel. ing their testimony. Their spirit (Kagawa method), But it was not until 1878 that of good will was contagious, and Wiping out of illiteracy. steps were taken to found a Mis- great benefit came to the work- Cottage industries in every home. sion among these aboriginal ers themselves, for they con- tribes. The C. M. S. put an ap- trasted the hopelessness of the -National Christian Council peal in the church papers for a villagers with the blessings of Review. missionary to go to the Bhil Christianity. country, and two years later a CHINA young recruit went out. After -Outlook of Missions. ten years of uphill work, results A Visitor's Impressions began to appear, and by 1892 Political Advance Helps there was a small Bhil Christian Evangelism A traveler visiting nine out- Church. Coming down to 1939, stations and one main station how has this Mission fared? A A writer in the Missionary of the China Inland Mission, re- recent report says that churches Herald argues that the obstacle marks that three things im- have been .established in nine to progress represented by finan- pressed her especially: the ear- main centers with a total mem- cial retrenchment will turn into nestness of the women, their de- bership of 1047. Schools have a stepping stone to indigenous s,ire to learn and their extreme been opened and there are now evangelization, and the steady poverty. In every place women over 500 pupils in them. building up of an indigenous walked from one to four miles church, because of the political in the early morning, bringing There is also a well developed development of the past year or just a few pieces of dry bread medical work. Presbyterians two. India has taken a long for the noon meal, and would sit have a mission among the same stride toward independence, and on hard benches all day study- people, and many thousands have from now on is ruling herself as ing a hymn, memorizing a bit been baptized in the last few never before; so also she is be- of Scripture, struggling over a years. ginning to realize that she must few characters. When the last also evangelize herself. This is meeting was over they would The work is quiet and inten- the trend of India's Christian trudge back 3 to 8 l~-not only s i ve; sporadic persecution movement; self-government not complaining, but pathetically . breaks out from time to time, but must be paralleled by self evan- grateful for the privilege of the missionaries carryon faith- .gelization. coming. Wind, cold, heat, in no fully the activities of schools, way deterred them, and they hospital, evangelism and pastor- In the light of this conclusion, s,eemed never to tire of meetings, al care. -C. M. S. Outlook. the United Theological College seldom less than two hours long. of Western India is redoubling They have a very real faith. and Women Volunteers its efforts to supply a trained to listen to their stories of an- ministry, and thus do a work of swered prayer is impressive. For some years at Baitalpur, strategic importance for India's Many are in direst economic it has been the custom for Chris- future. straits, yet not one asked for tian women to volunteer for financial help; many eve n evangelistic service in the neigh- Indian "New Life Movement" brought gifts of eggs or sweet boring villages. Mrs. E. W. potatoes to the Mission. Whitcomb who went to Baital- As an outcome of the Mara- pur after furlough knew noth- mon Conference, Christians of The visitor mentions the prev- ing of this custom, but was Travancore have decided to in- alence of demon possession. One saw and heard much of the pow- ers of darkness. In one instance

two Christian workers knelt for now is to institute a movement tians gave cause for alarm, as it two hours beside the afflicted for socialized reform compatible extended to local shops and even person in continuous prayer be- with the aspirations of all pro- necessary food was unobtainable fore release was finally given. gressive people. Portraits of for a time, but happily normal Lenin ruld Stalin have been re- conditions have been resumed. -China's Millions. placed by those of Sun Yat-sen One unfortunate result was the and Chiang Kai~shek. This has apostasy of a whole family of Reveals War Conditions been amply corroborated by oth- Christians with the exception of ers who know China; and this one of its members; and this cir- The Presbyterian Mission in destroys the point of J apanes.e cumstance was the more painful Peiping received the following assertion that they are fighting since the head of that family had letter in Chinese, written by an bolshevism. professed Christianity for nearevangelist living 30 miles outside ly forty years. of Peiping. This is the trans- Future of Medical Missions lation: More Gospels are entering Dr. K. C. Wong, Secretary of Tibet than ever before. Last Do not turn your face away from the Council of Medical Missions, year, with the financial support this my letter. But incline your ear says that of 217 mission hospi- of the National Bible Society of to your evangelist, a man filled with tals 81 were (in March) in "oc- Scotland, an adventurous jour': grief. Since my eyes last saw you I cupied areas," 82 in "fighting ney of two months was underhave been as a tree without leaves. I zones" and but 54 in "free Chi- taken by two evangelists who rehave suffered from one new moon to na." A survey made some ported the acceptance of hunthe other. The church members have months earlier showed that of dreds of copies of the Gospel. passed through four calamities: war, 34 mission hospitals in east Chibanditry, flood and famine. In this na 11 had been bombed or de- During the first three months our country there is no law, there is stroyed, 12 had been damaged of its existence, the "Gospel no peace. Bandits entered our town. or looted, 7 were "occupied" and Inn," of which mention has been They came with big shouting, they left 4 were closed. Since this re- made in these columns, more in clouds of black smoke. As a whirl- port some have been recovered than 800 travelers and pilgrims, wind they went over the land. Spoil- and opened, but almost every 700 ponies, yaks and donkeys ing and violence was before them. At week one or more has been dam- found shelter and more than 2'00 random they killed young and old. aged or destroyed. patients were treated for minor And they considered it but nothing to ailments. A capable Bible womrope seventy of our men together and Dockors and nurses are sadly an and her husband are in throw them into the river. In a well overworked, with most of their charge of the Inn. Beside the near our church twenty-eight women Chinese staff gone. However, daily Gospel talk, each lodger reand girls found death in escape from European refugees have ren- ceives a tract, or buys a Gospel their hands. Young Mrs. Wang, the dered ass,istance. So overwhelm- before he leaves. A public liwife of him who tends the sick in the ing are immediate demands that brary and reading room have mission hospital, was one of them, there has been no time to plan been established, where daily also Mrs. Yang and her daughter, for the future. Relief funds will papers and magazines are availwhom you know. In wartime life is not last forever; doctors cannot able. Another plan to extend the truly cheap. The iniquity of our time run one-man hospitals indefinite- usefulness of the Inn is that of is fiercer than evening wolves. The ly with from 100 to 200 clinical opening a grocery, where tired bandits trampled down the harvest, patients daily besides their in- pilgrims may buy such necessiburned our homes, kidnapped the girls, patients. Before the war many ties as tea, butter, flour and keroand plundered the stores. They took of these hospitals were practical- sene. Judging from the extent away our donkeys and drove our pigs ly self-supporting but for the to which this has been used, the before them. missionaries' salaries. Now the new venture is a success. supporting constituency has fled. Thou, Shepherd-teacher, will re- -Moravian Missions. member how the people used to sing 'One conspicuously efficient as taught at the evangelistic meetings. hospital recently was approached JAPAN -CHOSEN Now everyone is quiet. The men look by the Japanese to rent or to worried, the women have forgotten sell the plant to them, and it is Christianity Gets Official how to smile. For many, death seems reported that a refusal will be Status more desirable than life. A great met by the challenge of a new many have no home, no clothing, no hospital designed far to outshine The 74th Japanese Diet has remoney. 0, thou who art safe out of the mission institution. cently passed all the 89 bills inthis spot of calamity, incline thine ear troduced, not one being rejected and knit the little thread of our hope -The Christian Century. or even altered materially. The into a rope of victory. enactment of the "Religious In Western Tibet Bodies Bill," which in one form -Evangelical Christian. or another has for 40 years been Rev. Walter Asboe, Moravian a bone of contention in legisla- What About the Communists? missionary, reports both encour- tive circles, may have great or agement and disappointment in little significance for Christian- One who has lived long in Chi- the Tibet field. A severe boycott ity depending on what happens na, in a personal letter to a of missionaries and native Chris- in other respects. While acfriend, throws light on a question often asked: Is China going "red"? This writer says that Chinese communists have abandoned many of their ideological concepts, originating in Russia, and much of their violence ; they are now Chinese, first and foremost; their aim

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

knowledging the right to reli- anese laymen and of mission- and surgical work is done by one gious freedom guaranteed by the aries; one half are to be chosen foreign and one Korean doctor. constitution, the bill puts all re- from eastern Japan, and one ligious organizations under the half from western Japan. In 1938, the company spent regulation of the Ministry of over 60,000 yen for this medical Education. Creedal positions and Large Bible rallies in Tokyo service. There were treated in forms of worship must be ac- and Osaka give evidence of a de- the wards, dispensary and the ceptable to the authorities; ad- termined spirit in this move- surrounding villages more than ministrative, legal and property ment. -Bible Society Record. 40,000 patients (this is a record affairs must conform to regula- of treatments-not different pations, and all changes must be Chinese Y. M. C. A. Suppressed tients) . There were more than promptly reported. 400 major operations. Of the The Tokyo correspondent for treatments more than 10,000 Some Christians say that the The Christian Century made a were for outsiders. No charge new bill merely legalizes condi- visit to the parts of the city is made to anyone, but patients tions long in force; that Chris- where formerly many Chinese not employed by the company tianity is now specifically recog- resided and where the Y. M. must pay for their own drugs nized as one of Japan's' three C. A. and other cultural institu- and operating material. The accepted faiths, hence prejudice tions sought to serve those from company has never been known on the part of petty officials can the Celestial Kingdom. Chinese to refuse to send their doctor to no longer be a handicap; that are there still, but both Chinese distant villages to see seriously the new legal status accorded and Christian institutions as sick Koreans. both denominations and local such have disappeared. There communions will prove of advan- was a great exodus of Chinese -Korean Mission Field. tage in penetrating conservative students from Japan in the sumand bigoted regions; and that mer of 1937. Now hundreds of What Medicine Has Done for the bill will discourage the devel- Chinese youths are again com- Chosen opment of superstitious faiths of ing to Tokyo for study-this all sorts. The danger of state time from the occupied regions To form a correct appreciaregulation is minimized. of China. But who now will tion of the part played by medi- help them as did the Y. M. and cine in the regeneration of Ko- -Christian Century. Y. W. C. A. and the churches in rea, says Dr. O. R. Avison, one the days when Sun Yat-sen, Chi- must know what were the con- "Nippon Seisho Kyokwai" ang Kai-shek and C. T. Wang ditions when Protestant missions were occasional sojourners there entered the country in 1884. This is the name of the Japan and had many friends in Tokyo Even forty years ago, practical- Bible Society, recently organ- interested not in the politics but ly everybody was pock marked. ized. It marks another step in in the souls of these youthful All children were expected to the cooperative plans of the seekers after truth? have smallpox before the age of older Bible Societies, and reveals two; so many of them died that the courageous way the younger Medical Work in Mines mothers thought it hardly worth churches are rising to increased while to count a child as a memresponsibilities. One of the Th e Oriental Consolidated ber of the family until he had things that stood out clearly at Mining Company in Korea is survived this disease. An epithe Madras Conference was the known as the American Mines. demic of Asiatic cholera was exfact that these younger churches Its president from the beginning pected every five or six years. have made great strides. Many until he died in 1927 was Henry Both diseases were attributed to of them have grown up in lands C. Perkins of New York who, the power of demons. There was where Christianity was unknown throughout his life, had a deep no knowledge at all of sanitaless than two hundred years ago. interest in the lives of the min- tion ; vermin were abundant; ers and their families, one evi- excrement from human beings Many Japanese Christian lead- dence being the maintenance of infected with all sorts of intesers have been concerned that the medical care for these workers. tinal parasites was used as fer- Scriptures in use in Japan bore tilizer, and raw vegetables eaten the imprint of foreign Bible So- Much could be said of the gen- unwashed, or washed in polluted cieties; and after a number of eral policies of this company; water. Flies had access to conconferences of representatives how it has never been in the taminated places, and to good; of the foreign societies and their courts, has always paid at least mosquitoes were uncontrolled. Japanese advisory committees, a one yearly dividend; never fluc- Those ill with contagious disconstitution was drawn up and tuated prices nor padded its re- eases were not isolated. ratified last October. The essen- ports, but there is space only to tial objectives are the same as speak of the medical work. The One day Dr. Avison was walkthose of Western societies: the company maintains a little hos- ing outside the city gate when translation, publication and dis- pital with room for 25 to 30 in- he saw a strange sight-the tribution of the Scriptures, with- patients. Through a dispensary corpse of a child that had died out note or comment. The gov- and clinic connected with the of smallpox. Here was an operning body is composed equally hosuital 75 or more patients go portunity to pit the strength of of Japanese ministers, of Jap- daily except Sundays. Medical vaccination against the power of

a demon, if only he could be al- and have no Christian influence. from the war scene in Spain, or lowed to try. At first, all offers There are about 4,000 Japanese again it might fit the picture of were refused. Finally, a Chris- Christians living in Formosa. a Jewish refugee group on the tian mother agreed to let him see One hopeful sign for the future border of Czechoslovakia. But what he could do. Her child is the keenness and activity of no, it happened in the U. S. A.; passed its second year and then the Christian youth in Formosa. the pitiful procession was made its third without taking small- up of "sharecroppers" in Mispox; after that other mothers -International Review of souri, evicted from their shanwere anxious to try the new way. Missions. ties because, allegedly, landown- This incident opened the door to ers wished to change from tendisease prevention, and in time In Netherlands Indies ants to day laborers. the government made vaccination compulsory. Today, small- . The first Christian book in One More Poll Needed pox is rare. Javanese, other than the Bible, appeared in 1938. It is a child's We have "had plenty of "polls." -Korea Mission Field. Life of Christ entitled "The King Weare asked how we shall vote of Love." It originally appeared in 1940; even personal habits ISLANDS OF THE PACIFIC in Arabic, then in Urdu, then are inquired into, so that we Persian. Christian work among know how everybody feels; but "For Value Received" young people in both Java and why not have a poll as to what Sumatra is being steadily pro- the churches intend to do about Filipino Christians are assum- moted. Annual conferences and the missionary enterprise? ing more and more responsibil- a Christian newspaper are some Would it not be possible to ask ity for work, which a few years of the means used. Autonomous 100,000 people in typical churchago had to be done, if at all, by churches are to be found in dif- es some such questions as: the missionaries. For example, ferent areas of the Indies, but in the wife of a Filipino professor some sections missionary work (1) Do I really believe that Jesus at Silliman University is teach- is forbidden by the government; started the missionary method, and ing music while the missionary in northern Sumatra and in Bali, believed that. His Gospel would evenhead of the department is absent for example, but Christians from tually win the world? on furlough. "Don't worry about other localities settle in these salary," she said. "Silliman gave areas, bringing their faith and (2) Do I really believe that my anme my education, and if I can witness with them. The fact cestors received civilization and every be of service I shall be glad." that now for the first time in uplifting ideal they possessed through One of the assistant professors Borneo the Asiatic ministry of Christian missionaries? Clearly this has started a flourishing cooper- the Church exceeds the Euro- seems true, and how anyone can doubt ative in Dumaguete; while an pean holds out hope for the fu- our obligation to share similar lifeinstructor is teaching local farm- ture. giving and level-lifting Christian ers how to make better use of ideals is beyond understanding. their resources. Still another -International Review of goes regularly to the small Missions. (3) Despite taxes, losses, fears, but churches to help with the music. admitting most of us still live in com- NORTH AMERICA fortable homeR and eat thrice a day, -Monday Morning. do I really believe that an annual per Where Did This Happen? capita gift of fifty cents per member Christianity in Formosa in our denomination proves our part- Last January the New York nership in a progressive and victori- Restrictions have been placed Times published a news story ous enterprise like winning a world on Christian work in Formosa, from which the paragraph be- for the Gospel of Christ? as elsewhere in the Japanese low is taken. Missions reprinted empire. Efforts have been made it and asked its readers to guess (4) Do I really believe that our to force all Formosan household- what part of the world the story missionaries exert important influers to set up miniature Shinto came from. ences for world peace, and that shrines, and neglect to do so has through them we are aidinp.: in the led to trouble in some districts. Along two highways more than progress of the Kingdom of God? This order is as unacceptable to 1,000 men, women and children non-Christians as to Christians, camped in the open air. They hud- -American Board News. since the former regard the sub- dled around camp fires, or makeshift stitution of new emblems for old stoves, along desolate rights of way, "Temperance Trailer" as destroying their own ances- sharing the contents of huge steaming tral religion. kettles. The number of camps was A "Temperance Trailer," still growing at nightfall as new- sponsored by the Friends' Tem- In 1936, the Canadian Mission comers straggled in on foot, or in perance Association of Philadelwithdrew from the Tansui Mid- dilapidated vehicles. The camps dot- phia, has made a transcontidle, and Girls' Schools in For- ted the road all the way to the border nental tour of over 10,000 miles, mosa, because of government re- line. Men feeble with age, one woman stopping in more than a hundred quirement in regard to shrine so ill that she had to be carried on a towns in twenty-eight states, and attendance. These schools are cot, and babies crying from fright and carrying a temperance message now under local management, hunger, added to the distressing pic- to over 150,000 persons. The ture. trailer is fitted out with various exhibits, including a "drunko- It might describe the plight meter," designed to dramatize of the Chinese; it might come the dangers of alcohol. Tem- perance lectures are given, and questions from the audience are

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

answered by the crew of three. missing from my daily life. In which he demonstrates the pos- There has been no acrimonious that immortal masterpiece of sibility of the miraculous by scidebate, or hostility. literature I find new inspiration. entific analogy. Up to March, That is why the Holy Bible is many thousands had listened to -The American Friend. my favorite book." these demonstrations; sometimes the lectures start thirty minutes Immanuel Mission to Seamen -Lutheran News Bureau. early because the auditorium is jammed. The audiences are Laden with Scripture por- Organization Changes Name about ninety per cent untions, workers of Immanuel churched. There have been defi- Mission to Seamen enter cabins The "International Save the nite conversions. A San Franand crews' quarters on vessels Children Fund," as this agency cisco daily observes that these of all types and nationalities has been called since its organ- lectures leave the audience less along the Pacific Coast. Oppor- ization in 1931, is now to be cock sure of their own wisdom, tunity to read at sea, the absence known as the "Save the Children and with a feeling that the mirof opposition and a lack of di- Federation." The President, acles of the Bible are not so imversion ensure a friendly recep- Dr. John R. Voris, says that the possible as they had supposed. tion for these workers. The name Federation is adopted be- Alaska salmon fleet carries a cause this is a movement, or as- Institutions Closed mixed group of Americans, Chi- sociation, and the name "Fund" nese, Italians, Scandinavians, no longer describes its functions, Because of financial strin- Mexicans and Filipinos. They as it did in the beginning. Drop- gency the Presbyterian Board. beg for reading matter, for ping the word "International" is of National Missions has voted Alaska is almost a spiritual of no significance, except to to close three of its institutions: wilderness. shorten the name. The Federa- the American Indian Institute, tion will continue to maintain Wichita, Kansas; Ingleside-Fee Malay and Javanese Scrip- relationship with the Save the Institute, Burkeville, Virginia; tures find their way to the crews Children International Union of and Brainerd Institute, Chester, of Dutch East Indies boats, and Geneva, of which the fund has South Carolina, in the Negro. Spanish booklets are used with been the American member ever field. All three have been givgreat blessing on various ships since its founding. The question ing splendid service, but their coming in to San Francisco from of changing the title of the agen- discontinuance was the only al- Puerto Rico. American liners cy has been under consideration ternative to a general retrenchsailing across the Pacific are for more than two years. Effort ment, which would have crippled supplied with Bible portions and has been made to find a still the entire program of the Board.. booklets. For a period of more shorter name.-The Churchman. than 24 years this work has been At the same meeting at which carried on among seamen. The Radio as a Missionary this decision was made it was Voice voted that the new hospital be- -Scripture Gift Mission ing erected to replace the over- Bulletin. The "Lutheran Hour," a Sun- crowded Brooklyn Cottage Hos- day afternoon coast – to – coast pital at Dixon, N. M., be named The Bible in the CCC broadcast, can claim a mission- the Embudo Presbyterian Hospi- ary bearing. Dr. Walter A. tal; and that the staff home be When CCC boys were asked Maier, of the Concordia Semi- called the Brooklyn-Nassau Cottheir preference in reading mate- nary Faculty in St. Louis, who tage. Embudo will be the post rial, a large majority indicated broadcast over 66 stations from office address of the new hospithat the Bible is their favorite October to Easter Sunday has tal. The name of the staff home book. The reasons given for this been heard by sailors on the high is the Board's expression of appreference were varied, but first seas, by isolated men in lumber preciation for the continued prize, if one had been awarded, and mining camps in the north interest of Brooklyn – Nassau would go to Wayne Berkshire of woods, by distinguished person- Presbyterial Society in this Company 793, Hill City, S. Da- ages high in the business, pro- project. kota, for the following reply: fessional and social life of the "My favorite book is the Holy nation – by a vast audience Indians Set Example Bible. Why? Because it is my whose number can be estimated mother's and my own wish that only from the tremendous num- In proportion to their means, I develop a more wholesome, sin- ber who send in their comments, the Sioux Indians give more for c ere and faithful religion. totaling 133,000 last season. the promotion of Christian activ- Through the Bible and, of course, ities than any other church the Church, I am striving to Treasure Island Gospel Project members anywhere. Once they reach that goal. I have discov- were the fiercest, most war-like ered and constantly rely upon Mention has been made of the of all North American Indians. the magic powers of prayer when San Francisco Christian Busi- They were the ones who wiped in trouble, in doubt, and at the ness Men's presentation of the out General Custer and his cavclose of every day. If I could Gospel at the Golden Gate Expo- aIry; now, every member of the not have access to the Bible each sition through Irvin Moon's tribe is a professed Christian, day, I would feel that something "Sermons from Science," in important and necessary was

All of them are peaceful farm- MISCELLANEOUS Persia …………….. . 40,000 ers. 40,000 Fifty Years-Past and Future Brazil …………….. . 24,141 A few years ago when grass- 23,553 hoppers and drouth practically United Presbyterian young India ……………… . 20,000 ruined farmers, many church people have been celebrating fif- Australia ………….. . 19,850 people advocated withdrawal ty years of organized work in from the South Dakota field, but their denomination, and are con- Mexico ……………. . 7,800 the Sioux Indians held a mass sidering the situation of today in China …………….. . 4,000 meeting, pledged a fifty per cent its relation to that of fifty years 2,591 increase in their giving and hence; facing a world of today, Cuba ……………… . adopted the slogan, "Move For- terribly disorganized economi- Spain …………….. . ward."-United Presbyterian. cally, socially, internationally, religiously and morally. They New Zealand ………. . The Church in the Arctic realize that there probably nev- er was a day of greater oppor- World O. E. Advance The aeroplane and the wire- tunity for youth to make an imless have caused tremendous press on their world. The older Two important changes in changes in mission work in the generation is looking on with Christian Endeavor activities Arctic regions. Last year Bish- keen interest as it sees young have taken place across the op Fleming traveled from 15,000 people ready and eager to spend Pacific. The Methodist Episcopal to 16,000 miles through the east- a large part of their summer Church of southern Asia has ern Arctic, covered much work vacation period in listening at- voted to discontinue the Epwhich had never been done be- tentively to leaders who try to worth League to permit its youth fore, and could not have been direct their energies in the path organizations to unite with the attempted but for the aeroplane. of Christ's Kingdom. While this Christian Endeavor Union of Plane travel is not expensive, fiftieth anniversary celebration India, Burma and Ceylon. This considering the e nor m 0 u s has paid tribute to the "giants is another step toward union of amount of time saved thereby. there were in those days," it Protestant missionary programs For the better spiritual care of makes clear that the younger in southern Asia. The Methodist the 11,000 people-Indians, Es- generation has a whole army of Church has nearly half a million kimos and white folk-within possible "giants." members in India, and more the Arctic Circle and a distance than 54,000 are registered in below it, the diocese of the Arc- -United Presbyterian. Methodist schools. tic was constituted in 1933, and comprises one-third of the whole Where Can the "Wandering The second move was the for- Dominion of Canada. Jew" Wander? mation of a Pacific Region of the World Christian End e a v 0 r There are two hospitals in the Union, to include China, Japan, diocese: All Saints, at Aklavik, Korea, Manchoukuo, New Zeaand St. Luke's at Pangnirtung. land, Australia, the Philippines, Remembering that the diocese the Fiji and Samoan Islands, and comprises over a million square other Pacific island groups. miles, one understands why Bishop Fleming is seeking to found From his original home in Pal- Youth at Amsterdam a third on the north shore of estine the Jew has wandered far Hudson Strait. The existing and wide. He has indeed been There is an alarming regimenhospitals are fully equipped with "the wandering Jew." The tation of young people in many electric light, X-ray apparatus, Christian Evangelist has given parts of the world in movements operating theaters, and other de- that are anti-Christian, or at sirable and necessary features·. an interesting tabulation to show least non-Christian. A World The government supplies the the present distribution of Jews Conference of Christian Youth doctors: the Church provides throughout the world: to be held at Amsterdam, Holthe staff and upkeep. land, July 24-August 3, is United States ………. . 4,228,029 planned to make the Christian Primitive animism is the re- 3,028,837 youth of the world more aware ligion of the native, Eskimo and Poland ……………. . 2,676,109 of their heritage in the Chris- Indian alike. Nineteen clergy- tian faith, and more forceful one an Eskimo deacon-and six- Russia ……………. . 728,115 and courageous in applying the ty or more lay workers assist Rumania …………… . 514,269 message of the Church in a Bishop Fleming. There is also Near East …………. . 499,682 world whose disintegrating forcwork for white people. Each 444,567 es are placing Christianity benorthern settlement has its Hud- Germany ………….. . 356,830 fore one of the greatest tests of son's Bay Company store, the Hungary ………….. . 300,000 its history. barracks of the Royal Canadian 260,000 Mounted Police (the "Moun- Czechoslovakia ……… . 240,000 The conference program is the ties"), and the wireless. station. Great Britain ………. . 191,408 result of two years of consulta- 161,312 tion among youth leaders from -Life of Faith. Argentina …………. . 156,817 all parts of the world. The 155,614 daily worship service will enable France ……………. . 155,125 all delegates to attend the type Austria ……………. . 110,127 of service to which they are ac- customed, and also to experience Morocco …………… . 95,000 other worship customs. 81,280 Netherlands ………… . 72,791 Canada ……………. . 72,550 Lithuania ………….. . 60,000 Algeria ……………. . 59,485 South Africa ……….. . 51,000 47,825 Turkey ……………. . Greece …………….. . Egypt …………….. .

Belgium …………… .

Tunis …………….. . Abyssinia ………….. . Italy ……………… .

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Our Missionary Bookshelf Books Briefly Reviewed for the Readers' Information Cry Dance. A Novel of the Ameri- It is an attempt to provide a While the main emphasis in can Indian. By Coe Hayne. 8 Yo. guide to the solution of life's dif- "This Business of Living" is 255 pp. $2.00. Harper & Bros. New ficult and often tragic problems. upon personal and individual York. 1939. Who among us would not wel- problems, the author pauses come assistance at this point and more than once to point out the The American Indians are a who is there without some friend application of his proffered solupicturesque and romantic people. or acquaintance whose need for tion to the larger social and na- They have been exploited, exhib- wisdom and guidance is great tional problems as well. "There ited, abused and protected for is no problem that is not in printwo hundred years. They sur- indeed? ciple a personal problem," he vive but are not yet made a civi- But will this book meet that truly says. And here are a few lized, Christian and integral part other wise observations: "Any of the nation. Many are strong need? Undoubtedly it will for victory won by force is a defeat" characters and capable of becom- the more intelligent reader, for ing highly educated and efficient the person who is equipped to "An agreement reached unde' r leaders. understand and appropriate that which is not always easy read- pressure is not an agreement, but As Secretary of Research of the ing. But it is a question whether the perpetration of a disagree- American Baptist Home Mission the common man, untrained in ment." "All war is defeat." "We Society, the Rev. Coe Hayne, philosophical and psychological must never surrender to the behas had many opportunities to lief that force has the last word." study the Indians on the reser- terms and methods, will find These words are true for the invations and has come to love and much of this helpful book avail- dividual; they are no less true admire them. Here he has told able for his needs. This is to be for nations. a stirring story of a young In- regretted since the common man dian, "Yosemite," who gave up is often the one who most des- VICTOR G. MILLS. his college course, and fine pros- perately needs the help which pects of a professional career, to Dr. Grensted offers. If the meth- Dynamic Christianity and the World throw in his lot with his people od and style of the book as a Today. By Samuel M. Zwemer. 8vo. in the Sierras and champion whole had been closer to the free 17? pp. 28. 6d. Intervarsity Fellowtheir cause in the struggle and easy spirit of the title it shIp. London; Zondervan Publishagainst poverty and wrong and would be more useful where ing House, Grand Rapids, Mich. in behalf of their rights in Amer- most needed. 1939. ica. A young white woman joined in the fight for the Red Yet with this one limitation, There are good reasons why man. "Cry Dance" tells the let it be said that for many, es- only earnest, believing followers story of the struggle-which pecially for those who would still continues. There are ad- help others in meeting life's of Christ are interested in proventures, bitter fights, and two moting Christian missions. One love stories woven into the nar- problems and crises, this book must believe in the importance rative. It is an incompleted tale will provide very real assistance. but the author shows good judg- Workers with troubled minds of a cause and in the claims of ment in his outcome of the love and hearts will be bet t e r its leader before one will give stories of white folk and Indians. equipped for reading it. It notes time and strength and money to Young people will find the novel advance that cause. Dr. Zwemof particular interest. It has a the nature of life's most common er has proved his faith by his definite Christian tone. problems, always stressing the works for he has spent nearly fifty years in many lands seek- This Business of Living. By L. W. fact that in the last analysis all ing to win Moslems to Christ- Grensted. 187 pp. $1.75. Mac- of these problems come back to by voice and pen and life. He millan. New York. 1939. the problem of self. The inef- knows that the only kind of Christianity worth following A cover notice calls this "a fectiveness of the common meth- and worth propagating is "Dy- book for everyman." One can- ods of help is made clear. And namic Christianity." This is the not but wish that this were more then the author points out the Christianity of the living Christ nearly the case, for every man one adequate answer which is who is the ever present Head of needs what this book has to offer. found through religion, when His Church and the motivating rightly conceived, and preemi- and achieving power of the Gos- nently through Christianity. The pel. chapter on "The Way of Release" is especially worth while.

[383 ]

The author has given us here wealth of Christian doctrine, scenes are laid, gives additional a dynamic book. The Gospel that and the last three which deal he proclaims is the same that with Christian experience based value to leaders of children's came through Jesus Christ and on that doctrine. Her analytical that "turned the world up-side- mind does not prevent her from groups. H. H. F. down" in the days of the Apos- seeing the beauty of the truth tles. It is the Gospel founded on she presents nor do her outlines Mary Reed of Chandag. By Lee S. faith in the Bible as the inspired obscure the life and power. One Huizenga. 37 pp. Paper, 35 cents. Word of God and in Christ as the wishes that she had drawn more Zondervan Publishing House, Grand Son of God and only Redeemer largely on her rich experiences Rapids, Mich. 1939. of men. This is the heart of to illustrate the truths presented. Christianity that has proved its But there is a reality and a glow Almost everyone knows the truth and power and that is dy- in her Christian life that is con- story of Mary Reed, who went namic today among all peoples tagious. These studies in Ephe- to India in 1884; became a leper; to whom the Gospel is pro- sians will richly reward any was healed through prayer and claimed in the power of the Holy student-preacher, teacher, mis- for forty-seven years has di- Spirit. sionary or layman. rected the Chandag Leper Home in the foothills of the Himalayas. Dr. Zwemer shows clearly that They Dared to Live. By Robert M. She recently celebrated her 83d this Gospel is everlasting; that Bartlett. 12mo. 135 pp. $1.25. birthday. This little, illustrated it has not changed; that it is Association Press. New York. book retells a story and gives absolute and is vitally linked 1939. important facts about leprosy with the "Changeless Christ." and its modern treatment. He shows that, while this Gos- This series of thirty-five tenpel is neglected and repudiated minute biographies are very H. H. F. by many who refuse to believe, brief stories of explorers, scienit is the Gospel that the whole tists, teachers, reformers, stu- Meditations on the Holy Spirit. By world needs today. The work of dents, social workers, artists, Toyohiko Kagawa. 167 pp. $1.50. Christ has made great progress, authors, doctors, political lead- Cokesbury Press, Nashville, Tenextens.ively and intensively, and ers and missionaries and Amer- nessee. 1939. mankind is accessible as never icans. They include British, before, but there are still great French, Chinese, Japanese, Ger- The world famous Japanese regions of the world and vast mans, Swiss, Russians, Czechs, Christian has given us an attracareas of humanity that are un- Africans, Norwegians, Indians tive statement of some great enlightened by a knowledge of and others. There are well- principles of the spiritual life. "the Light of the World." known names like Helen Keller Throughout it the author shows and President Masarayk, and ob- a strong mystical tendency. He This is not only an intensely scure persons like Roland Hayes is definitely Trinitarian and interesting and informing book, and Pierre Ceresole. The great clearly stands for the Personit is inspiring and dynamic. disappointment is t hat the ality of. the Holy Spirit. What would be the result if sketches are too brief, but they every Christian minister should make one wish to know more Readers who accept the inread it? about these men and women who errancy of the Bible will be dis- dared to work against obstacles turbed by Dr. Kagawa's tend- The Wealth, Walk and Warfare of and for a high purpose, and suc- ency to rationalize some of the the Christian. By Ruth Paxson. ceeded. miracles. He also appears to ac- 8vo. 222 pages. $1.50. Revell. cept Darwin's views of the New York. 1939. Far Round the World. By Grace W. "Origin of the Species" quite un- McGavran. Illustrated by Mar- critically. Another questionable Miss Paxson is already well garet Ayer. 118 pp. Cloth, $1.00. point is a rather naturalistic known through her spiritual Friendship Press, N. Y. 1939. view of the personal spiritual presentation of "Life on the experience of the Lord Jesus. Highest Plane." She is a devout Miss McGavran, the REVIEW'S With such reservations it is only and intelligent Bible teacher and Editor of "Effective Ways of fair to say that there is a great an evangelist of rare gifts and Working," and the author of deal that is searching and helpgraces; she has been widely and "Missionary Stories for Chil- ful, for the book evidently comes wonderfully used of God in dren," gives here eleven splendid out of deep personal experience. China, in Europe and America. stories showing the improve- The supernatural view of the ments of social conditions, de- Holy Spirit is accepted. In the present volume Miss cline in race prejudice, braving Paxson gives us some fruitful re- danger in Mexico, India, Africa, F. E. G. sults of her study in the letter Japan, China, Paraguay, Ceylon to the Ephesians, which she calls and the Philippine Islands. They Studies in First and Second Kings the "Grand Canyon of Scrip- describe events that actually and First and Second Chronicles. ture." It is remarkably rich, happened. A section at the back Arranged by Grace Saxe. 35 cents. suggestive and stimulating. She of the book, supplying facts 112 pp. Bible Colportage Assn. points out the connection be- about the countries in which the Chicago. 1939. tween the first three chapters, which deal chiefly with the These twenty-three studies in Old Testament history are de- signed for individual or class work. Exposition and applica- tion are well balanced. The mor- al lessons seem to flower forth

Encyclopedia of Religious

"How many baptized Christians in Burma?" "Where is the headquarters of the Evangelical Church?"

"How much does the average Baptist give to his church?" "Name three Christmas dramas suitable for church presentation." "How many denominations in the United States?" ''What are the best available books on the life of st. Paul 1"

"How many Christian missionaries in Egypt?" "What is Kingdomtide?"

"Is church giving going up or down 1" "Where is Washburn College located?"

"To what church does the Governor of Ohio belong?"

You can answer these and many more by turning to the proper pages in CHURCH MANAGEMENT DIRECTORY for 1939, now available in your book store. The price is but 65c. (by mail 75c.). If your bookstore cannot supply you, send the proper remittance to address l;Ielow. This directory offers the most complete almanac for the Protestant field.

CHURCH MANAGEMENT : Auditorium Building : Cleveland, Ohio from the Scripture itself. God Launch Out Into the Deep. By An' The New Sovereignty. Reiinald is clearly seen to be at work be- drew Gih. Edited by J. Edwin Orr. Wallis. 93 pp. Is. Pickering & hind the scenes. The great uni- 119 pp. Cloth, 40 cents. Zonder- Inglis. London. fying message in Kings and in van Publishing House, Grand Rap· Chronicles, Miss Saxe makes ids, Mich. 1938. One Gospel for Mankind. Hugh abundantly clear, in the impera- Vernon White. 72 pp. 35 cents. tive need of trusting God and Among the consecrated Chi- Friendship Press. New York. obeying Him. The book would nese soul winners is Andrew be still better if the author did Gih, now on an evangelistic tour Right Here at Home. Frank S. not lean so heavily upon a very in war-torn China. Previously, Mead. 183 pp. $1.00, and 60 cents. limited number of Bible scholars he made a three months' tour of Friendship Press. New York. for her quotations and if she had Australia with J. Edwin Orr, included more thought-provok- who says he was second to none Studies in I and II Kings and I and ing questions, along with the list for effectiveness. This book is II Chronicles. Grace Axe. 112 pp. of fact questions, at the end of in two parts: the first half be- 35 cents. B. I. C. Assn. Chicago. each lesson. ing s tor i e s of conversions through the Bethel Evangelistic When I Awake. Jack C. Winslowe. C. NORMAN BARTLETT. Bands, and the second half a 78 pp. Is. 6d. Hodder and Stough- collection of Bible readings on ton. London. The Doctor Comes to Lui. A Story such subjects as "The Dry of the Beginnings in the Sudan. By Bones," "Catching Fish," and The Wealth, Walk and Warfare of Eileen Fraser. Illus. 71 pp. Is. "The Way to Victory." "His vi- the Christian. Ruth Paxson. 222 Church Missionary Society. Lon- tal exposition of the Word of pp. $1.50. Revell. New York. don. 1939. God captivated both the saved and the unsaved," says Mr. Orr Yesterdays in Persia and Kurdistan. The reviewer and his wife in the preface; "Not a single Frederick G. Coan. 284 pp. $2.50. spent some years in the Sudan theme will be easily forgotten." Saunders Studio Press. Claremont, enjoying the personal acquaint- Calif. ance of the author and Bishop H.H.F. Gwynne who wrote the intro- Cry Dance. Coe Hayne. 255 pp. duction to the book. The story New Book. $2.00. Harpers. New York. of the establishment of many bush schools in darkest Sudan; The Acts of the Apostles. Studies The Greatest Words in the Bible and cutting down the jungle and let- in Primitive Christianity. W. H. in Human Speech. Clarence E. ting in the Christ; these are in- Griffith Thomas. 93 pp. 30 cents. Macartney. $1.50. 103 pp. Cokescluded, with some stories of the B. I. C. Assn. Chicago. bury Press. Nashville. mauling of African natives by buffaloes, lions and leopards and The Faith We Declare. Edwin Homeland Harvest. Arthur H. Limtheir recovery under the skillful Lewis. 236 pp. $2. Cokesbury ouze. 211 pp. $1.00 cloth, 60 cents care of Dr. Fraser. One feels Press. Nashville. paper. Friendship Press. New that the reader stands in the York. presence of a great and modest Far Round the World. Grace W. servant of Jesus Christ. Mrs. McGavran. 118 pp. $1.00. Friend- One Family. C. M. S. Review of Fraser's self-abnegation in writ- ship Press. New York. 1938-39. 62 pp. 6d. Church Mising of her talented husband and sionary Society. London. herself is remarkable but we The Gospel, in the Pentateuch. Herwould like to know more of bert Lockyer. 125 pp. 50 cents. Personality and Character Developthem. A minor criticism might B. I. C. Assn. Chicago. ment. J. D. Messick. 192 pp. $1.50. be that the narrative skips back Revell. New York. and forth in a way that makes God's Purpose. A Book of 365 Serit bewildering to follow the monettes for Home Worship. 366 The Remarkable Jew. His Wonder~ dates and, sequence of events. pp. 50 cents paper; $1.00 limp ful Future. L. Sale-Harrison. 224 fabrikoid; $1.50 art leather. Win- pp. 28. 6d. Pickering & Inglis. T. A. LAMBIE. ston. Philadelphia. London.

The Meaning of War. James W. The Rural Church in the Far East. Johnson. 57 pp. 75 cents. Revell. Ralph A. Felton. 258 pp. $1.25. New York. Friendship Press. New York.

The S. P. G. Story. 1939. 156 pp. 6d. Society for Propagating the Gospel. London.

Builder of Dreams. The Life of Robert Edward Chambers. Ruth Carver Gardner and Christine Cof- fee Chambers. $1.00. 200 pp. Broad- man Press. Nashville.

Day Dawn in Yoruba Land. Charles E. Maddry. 217 pp. Broadman Press. Nashville.

MOSLEM

PUBLISHED BY THE HARTFORD SEMINARY FOUNDATION Editors: SAMUEL M. ZWEMER, EDWIN E. CALVERLEY Some Articles in the July Number Broadcasting Our Message Samuel M. Zwemer After Madras Paul W. Harrison The Theological Approach Al Sha'ranI the Mystic lens Christensen Our Debt to Moslem Arabs Margaret Smith An East African Experience An Ordeal in Central Asia lohn Clark Archer Mission Frontier in Palestine A. Rowland Pittwa'Y International Relations G. Raquette Book Reviews Survey of Periodicals E. Theodore Bachmann Robert S. Darbishire Current Topics Sue Moll~son Foster ._-•• SUBSCRIBE NOW ….- __ 150 Cents a Copy. $2.00 It Year (postpaid) In combination with THE MOSLEM WORLD THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD 156 Fifth Avenue, New York City $3.50 a Year. (Foreign Postage, 50 Cents.) British Agents: MARSHALL, MORGAN & SCOTl', 12 Paternoster Buildings, London, E. C. Price in Great Britain, Eight Shillings a Year, net HAVE YOU READ?

THE LIFE OF GEORGE BOWEN OF BOMBAY By ROBERT E. SPEER The biography of a remarkable missionary whom the (then) Prince of Wales visited in Bombay at the request of his mother, Queen Victoria.

What some readers say of this book: Robert Speer's "Life of George Bowen of Bombay" is one was so far·sighted and so deep.seeing!-the former because of the richest of missionary biographies. the latter. If one wants to sum up the interests of our DR. J. LOVELL MUllIlAY, Director of the Canadian School of Missions, Toronto. students today-Biblical, social, theological-Bowen is a What a life! He was old enough to know why be went, representative ligure. And what a lesson in apparent failure! and bad enough to know the meaning of salvation. One by. product of his experience was his wonderful bumility-noth. . • . I feel strongly that' every student and alumnus of our ing in the show window and himself in the remote back. ground. It is inspiring. Seminary needs this book. Wbat better book to lead them to DR. GBORGI! P. PIERSON, formerly of Japan. feed on the Bible. One bears so much "vestibule religion"- We must all be grateful for this revealing of the main· men pointing to the door and taking their people as far as the springs of Bowen's character, his abiding faith in God, his threshold, but no opening up of the treasures within the earnest purpose to be a true and faithful follower of Jesus Christ; and his deep.seated conviction that the Gospel of Father's House. Read the topics of current sermons, and Christ could meet the religious needs of India's people. Bowen's expositions are precisely what Christians need in order to grow from puerility into spiritual maturity. Here is no WILLIAM HAzEN, adolescent, but a man in Christ. This is no volume to be Missionary in ShoJapur, India. read and dismissed, but to be marked and to be turned to repeatedly. A biography of one of the saintliest ligures of the nine. teenth century. I could not put the book down. There is a HBNRY SLOANB COFFIN, fascination and a depth in this man's soul which held me in President of Union Seminary.

devout attention. I found myself marking his moving sayings The Memoirs of George Bowen will continue to be for which would serve as starting points for chapel talks. He years to come a searching manual of devotion. He has set before me an ideal which few could attain; his life is a scath· ing rebuke to our ease, comfort, self.indulgence and ind- J. Ross STEVENSON, liciency.

President Emeritus, P,inrelon Seminar,.

Send $2.00 to.day for your copy of this latest book by Dr. Speer THE MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING CO.

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The Missionary Review of the World — April 1933

1933

What Is New in China? c. B. Rape Christ Liberating India's Outcastes JamesF. Edwards On the Edge of a Great Closed Land Arthur Ward Our Attitude Toward Non-Christian Religions Robert E. Speer A Message from the African Jungles Janet Miller The Situation in Latin America Samuel Guy Inman

MISSIONARY REVIEW 1,180,000 Bibles Placed by May 24-29-Northern Baptist Con-

OF THE WORLD vention, Annual Meeting. Wash- THE GIDEONS ington, D. C. DELAVAN PIERSON, Editor in Hotel Bedrooms for the VOL. LVI APRIL, 1933 No.4 Personal Items o Benefit of Those Who Travel PAGE You are invited ~~. have a part in this Dr. E. Stanley Jones of India has important work by sending a contribu" recently returned to America and is Frontispiece-Speakers at the tion to the Bible Fund. $1.00 will place to join in a series of interdenomina- a Bible. tional missionary rallies in important Florida Chain of Mission- centers in New Jersey, New York, ary Assemblies Eligibility for Membership Pennsylvania and Ohio. Later he will speak on the Pacific coast. Topics of the Times …….. 171 The field of the work having now sur· rounded the globe, has caused the open. China Grows by Tribulation ing of membership to "Strong Drink Is Raging" All Christian Business Men Florida Missionary Assemblies Interdenominational Missionary THE GIDEON MAGAZINE. $1.00 per year. Write for particulars to *** Meetings Harlan Page Beaoh THE GIDEONS Dr. Basil Mathews began his work as lecturer at Boston University The True Christian Attitude The Christian Commucial TTatleleTS~ School of Theology on February 1. Association of America, InteTnational He is delivering three lectures each Toward Non-Christian Re- week on "Christ and the World-Conligions ……………… 175 202 So. State Street Chicago, IlIinoi. flict of Values," dealing especially with By Dr. Robert E. Spoor Dates to Remember the Laymen's report.

On the Edge of a Great April 18-19-Editorial Council of the Religious Press. Washington, D. C. Closed Land …………. 185 April 19-21-Federal Council Confer- By the Right Rev. Arthur Ward ence on Evangelism, Pittsburgh, *** Pa. Christ Liberating India's Out- The Rev. E. M. Cable, D.D., procastes ………………. 189 April 19 to May 30-United Mission- ary Meetings in sixteen centers. By the Rev. James F. Edwards (See Topics of the Times.) fessor in Union Methodist Theological When the Teacher's House May 9-General Conference of the Seminary, Seoul, Korea, is the author United Brethren in Christ. Akron, Was :Burned …………. 191 Ohio. of a new history of the Christian By the Rev. Glenn B.. Ogden May 16-22-Southern Baptist Conven- Church in Korea. * tion in Washington, D. C. What Is New in China t …. 193 •* May 17-General Council of the Re- By the Rev. C. B. Rape, B.Sc. formed Episcopal Church, Triennial Bishop Paul B. Kern of the Meth- Meeting. Germantown, Philadel- A Message from African phia, Pa.

Jungles …………….. 198 May 23-Joint meeting of Southern odist Episcopal Church, South, has re- Baptist Convention and Northern By Janet Miller, M.D. Baptist Convention in Washington, turned from Eastern Asia, to direct The Story of Kondyabai 199 D. C. the Kingdom Extension Campaign, By Mrs. F. E. G. Cowhud which has been projected to replenish South America-An Analogy 200 the depleted treasuries of the denomi- By the Rev. Alexander M. Allan nation. ••• The Situation in Latin Ameri- ca …………………. 201 By Samuel Guy Inman Dr. George F. Sutherland, assistant treasurer of the Board of Foreign J'ohn R. Mott: Missionary Missions of the Methodist Episcopal Church, has completed thirty years of to the World ………… 206 continuous service, which began when By Prof. Kenneth Scott Latou- he became a secretary of the Young People's Department. Dr. Sutherland rette, D.D. is president of the Board of Managers of the Missionary Education Move- Facing the Future in Home ment.

Missions ………… '… 209 *** By the Rev. William R. King, Rt. Rev. Robert Erskine Campbell, D.D., the Bishop of Liberia, is in D.D. America and reports that the Vice- President of Liberia, two members of Oasting Out a Demon in the Cabinet and two congressmen are native ministers of the Protestant Korea .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 211 Episcopal Church.

By Dr. George S. McCune A Continental View of the Laymen's Report …….. 213 By Dr. Julius Richter Effective Ways of Working. 215 Edited by Mrs. Estella S.

Aitchison. Granville. Ohio Women's Home Mission :Bul- letin ………………. 218 Edited by Miss Anne Seesholtz (Concluded on 3d cO'IJer.) World-Wide Outlook ……. 221 Our Missionary :Bookshelf .. 231 Publication and: Business Office ~ THE BOARD OF FOREIGN MISSIONS ~ Third and Reily Sts., Harrisburg, Pa. DEPARTMENT OF ANNUITIES Editorial and Executive Office 156 Fifth Avenue, New York City YOUR GIFT NOW Entered as second-class matter at Post Office, Harrisburg, Pa., under WILL BRING TO YOU THE BLESSING Act of March 3, 1879. OF GIVING WHILE LIVING AND THE GUARANTEE OF THE BOARD OF FOREIGN 25 cents a copy-$2.50 a year MISSIONS THAT YOU WILL HAVE AN Foreign Postage, 50 cents a year. Published nwnthly-All rights re- INCOME FOR LIFE served. Copyrighted 1933 by the ERNEST F. HALL, Secretary IS6 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW YORK MISSIONARY REVIEW PUB· LISHING CO., INC. ~ PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH IN THE U. S.A. ~ BOARD OF DIRECTORS ReBERT E. SPEER, President WM. I. CHAMBERLAIN, Vice-President WALTER McDOUGALL, Treasurer DELAVAN L. PIEBSON, Secretary SAMUEL MCCREA CAVERT MRS. ORRIN R. JUDD WM. B. LIPPHARD ERIC M. NORTH MILTON T. STAUFFER A. L. WARNBHUIS SAMUEL M. ZWEMER

Chat

Look out for the coming numbers of Don't the REVIEW. They will include some stirring articles on the great move- LET YOUR INCOME ments in the missionary world, the tour of Dr. John A. MacKay in Latin Shrink! America, the questions raised by the Laymen's Appraisal and the mission AMERICAN you can avoid a shrinking study topic, "Christ in the Modern BIBLE income, as many others have done, by placing your money in World." SOCIETY Annuity Agreements of the American Bible Society. *** ~"'~NVITY t'r""- AGREEMENT An Annuity Agreement The United Missionary Meetings Committee which is planning a series GUARANTEEING is a legal contract in which the of union meetings in eighteen or twen- American Bible Society in return ty cities this spring has adopted the [~"'~,~I.a…~.) for a gift of money ($100 or REVIEW as the best magazine for the over) binds itself to pay to the general promotion of missiot ary in- OF holder (the holder being called terest in the home church. an annuitant) a specified sum $———————- every year as long as the annui- *** tant lives.

The Home Missions Council ap- These Annuity Agreements are pointed the following members to safe, because they are backed by serve on the Editorial Council of the the sound financial resources REVIEW for the ensuing year-Dr. and business management of a John McDowell, the Rev. Jay S. trust-worthy institution whose Stowell, Dr. Charles H. Sears and Dr. work is indispensable to the Christian enterprise and whose Wm. R. King. annuity program has stood the test for over 80 years. *** An easy-to-read booklet tells you Great encouragement comes from all about it – the rates you rethe fact that, while many enterprises ceive-how you help in making have been decreasing and many pe- the Scriptures widely available riodicals have been obliged to suspend around the earth-how a relapublication, the REVIEW has been in- tive Of friend may be included. creasing in circulation and prestige. There are reasons!

*** Here is what some of our readers say: "Let me express great appreciation of the splendid work you are doing on the REVIEW. Never has it been better than in these recent numbers."-John R. Mott, Chairman of the International Missionary Council.

* "I am delighted with the REVIEW and feel the present series of articles as fine and helpful as any ever published."-Mrs. H. B. Ada'llts, Bluffton, Ohio, Editor of the Women's Department of the Lutheran Standard.

* "The REVIEW is splendid! Mrs. Pea- body and Robert Speer are simply wonderful in their articles on the 'Appraisal of Foreign Missions.' "-Rev. E. R. MacKinney, Dodgeville, Wis.

"May I tell * how deeply you again we appreciate the REVIEW and the wonderful influence it has been to have so scholarly a magazine take so conservative a stand in every way. I have been president of Albany Pres- byterial for several years and always MAIL THIS COUPON TODAY glad of an opportunity to say a word r ;m:ri:':-Bibl;-;ocie;,- – – – – – – – – – – for the REVIEW."-Amy Brain Taylor (Mrs. Wan'en C.) Schenectady, N. Y. I Bible House, Astor Place, New York * I Please send me, without obligation, your booklet MR4 entitled "A Gift That Lives." "You have done the cause of missions in particular and evangelical re- I ligion in general a great service in I ""ame_ Denomination_________________ _ publishing Dr. Speer's article on the II Address —- Laymen's Report and also the excerpts J City…._…………………….._._………….___________________ State____…………….__._ I from various boards and missionary leaders in another part of this issue.

I am glad to know there is such a demand for it."-Rev. Carroll Verner, Union Ave. Methodist Church, South, Memphis, Tenn.

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C. B. RAPE JANET MILLER. M.D. DR. "SAM" HIGGINBOTTOM MRS. ETHEL CODY

CHINA AFRICA INDIA INDIA DEACONESS HARRIET BEDELL REV. JOHN McDOWELL, D.D. MRS. MINNIE K. L. KARNELL REV. WALTER L. LINGLE, D.D. NEW YORK ALASKA IMMIGRANTS EDUCATOR SOME OF THE SPEAKERS AT THE FLORIDA CHAIN OF MISSIONARY ASSEMBLIES REVIB ORLD AN INTERDENOMINATIONAL REVIEW OF WORLD-WIDE CHRISTIAN PROGRESS –~- .. –~~–~~– ~~~~~~~ VOLUME LVI APRIL, 1933 NUMBER FOUR Topics of the Times THE FLORIDA MISSIONARY ASSEMBLIES operation, headed by that effective missionary The missionary enterprise is not dying, and mis- le~der, Mrs..Henry W. Peabody, ably seconded by MISS B. LOUIse Woodford and local committees. sionary interest at home is not dead. '.l'here are A voluntary organization of women carried the many evidences of both these facts. Note the entire responsibility for the direction and there' are no paid executives or other large expenses. discussion aroused by the laymen's appraisal, the The small budget was entirely covered by the reg- istration fees. In every center the Protestant signs of awakening on the mission fields, the stir- churches, pastors, church members, organiza- tions, the press and the radio cooperated heartily. ring missionary assemblies held in Florida this The missionaries and leaders represented ten winter, and the plans for United Missionary Cam- denominations and ten different mission fields- Alaska, Africa, Brazil, Chile, India, Japan Perpaigns this spring and in the autumn. sia, Syria and the United States. A world view of missions and every type of missionary activity The Florida Chain of Missionary Assemblies was vividly and effectively pr~sented.* has recently completed a three weeks' program of As a method of spreading missionary informa- tion and quickening missionary interest, these very effective presentation in nine cities. The in- Assemblies take high rank for effectiveness and economy and the plan is worthy of study on the terest was genuine and widespread. part of agencies charged with promoting missions both at home and abroad. The opening meeting in each center was usually This Chain of Missionary Assemblies has been a banquet attended by leading representative resi- dents and visitors. The attendance in each place grew from the first and the daily press gave gen- erous space to the Assemblies. Local civic clubs and schools also cordially welcomed the mission- ary representatives.

It is noteworthy that in a year of financial de- pression the paid registrations numbered 4~o3u1n1~ fr?m thirty-eight states and eight foreign trIes. One third of those registering were non- successfully conducted, based on the following residents of Florida and the number was 356 more convictions: than in the preceding year. The reach of these First, that missions both at home and abroad Assemblies was thus interdenominational and al- can be carried only through actual evangelistic most national in its character. The widespread missionary service; activity is indicated by the fact that 616 addresses Second, that this missionary service can be car- ?n missions were delivered, ninety-nine of them ried only by men and women who incarnate the III churches, and ninety-one in schools, besides missionary spirit and who believe in the mission- ary message as given to us by Jesus Christ and many at luncheons, over the radio, at fothruemps~balnidc recorded in the New Testament; at civic clubs. The eagerness of schools and civic clubs to hear the missionaries Third, that the missionary spirit can be created was most encouraging so that thousands of boys and fostered only through the dissemination of and girls, as well as men and women, heard power- actual missionary information and experience. ful missionary messages who would not have Founded on such convictions we are not sur- heard them through ordinary channels. Without • and ADmr.onRgoythael Jfo. reDigyne mofisAsi:ofnriacray; sDpera. kLer. s Mw. erBeraDtcr.heJranoeft BMraizllielr doubt both missions and missionarI'es took on a ne.w .meaning for many I'n FlorI'da durI' ng these JR~ecvo.bCD. aBv. idRaopfe PoefrsCiahiannad; DMri.ssanBdlanMcrhse. WS':mPuHrivgigsinobf oCtthomile''OfRIenv~' mISsIonary assemblies. They were a splendid dm. Home missions were presented by Dr. John McDoweII of demonstratI'On of ChrI'stI'an unI'ty and effectI've CO- HNeawrri.eYtorBk,edDeIrI. oWf aAltelarskLa. LanindgleMrosf. DMaivnindiseonKaCronIeIlelg, e;repDreeasceonntiensgs work for Immigrants.

[171 ]

prised that these Assemblies have grown stronger crime. Then, after years of education and agita- tion, the saloon and traffic in alcoholic drink was each year and have made clear throughout the outlawed. The saloon disappeared, distilleries and breweries were abandoned or converted to whole State of Florida that the missionary enter- better uses; as a result rescue missions found little need for their services, the wives and chilprise is not the Church's afterthought, it is dren of former drunkards enj oyed the benefit of wages spent on the family in place of in the sa- Christ's forethought; it is not secondary and op- loon, and the beneficial effects were felt in busi- ness, in education, in health and in happiness. But tional, it is primary and vital. Christ put it into the greed of dealers in strong drink was not sat- isfied. Many of them joined hands with the lawthe very heart of His Gospel. We cannot really less elements to regain their lost wealth and power. The youth were tempted and misled on see Him or know Him or love Him unless we the plea of personal liberty and by a desire for self-indulgence; specious arguments were used in know His ideal for us; that ideal is embodied in the press and on the platform to repeal the laws against the evil. The spread of disregard for all true missionary service. law, and the increasing financial depression, have turned the tide so that both houses of Congress The success of the Florida Missionary Assem- have voted to repeal the Eighteenth Amendment if two thirds of the states approve. It may be done. blies is due to the fact they were based on nourish- The majoritiy of the present generation knows little or nothing of the old days of the saloon. ment and not stimulants, and that from the be- They are misled. This is in spite of the fact that, before 1918, in many lines of industry and among ginning they put the emphasis on loyalty to railway employees, even moderate drinkers could not obtain employment. Today the use of the Christ, His missionary purpose and His mission- high-powered automobile is so general that a single glass of intoxicatin~ liquor may endanger ary program. JOHN McDoWELL. hundreds of lives. It is said that the tax on beer will fill the government treasury-but no one tells "STRONG DRINK IS RAGING" us who is to pay for the rivers of beer that must flow down human throats to supply the tax. Is In every land where intoxicants are manufac- the money to come again from wages that should tured and used for a beverage, they are a curse. furnish homes and food, clothing and health for It has been so since the days of Noah. It was so women and children? Are we to support the saamong the Hebrews when they were warned loons in place of schools, and dance halls in place against wine and strong drink that "stingeth like of churches? Is the money used for drink to help an adder." Strong characters may avoid excess fill hospitals and graveyards in place of replenishbut to the young and the weak alcohol brings a ing bank accounts? loss of self-control-in body, mind and moralsand the use of it endangers others. This has been What has all this to do with missions? so clearly recognized that wise parents have First, anything that affects the morals and striven to keep their children from strong drink; judgment of people is of vital concern to 'the enlightened governments have endeavored to pro- Christian program. Strong drink, that takes tect their wards-as in the case of the American away self-control and clear vision, is antagonistic Indians, the South Sea Islanders, and the Afri- to all that the Christian Church is doing to build cans. This liquid fire and poison have been the up the Kingdom of God and to bring in the control cause of brawls and bloodshed, of disease and im- of Christ. moral revels, of accidents and death, of selfish Second, the spending of labor, materials and greed and inhuman cruelty wherever it has been money on a destructive, rather than a constructive used freely. Strong men and women have been enterprise, cannot fail to weaken the nation, the brought low by it; millions have been impover- Church, the school and the home. One cannot be ished and destroyed by this curse. It seems in- "drunk with wine, wherein is excess," and at the comprehensible that a nation like America, with same time "be filled with the Spirit" of God who its Christian heritage and culture, its prosperity in place of halucinations gives clear vision, for and ideals, should take a backward step by again false energy gives true strength, for abnormal acquiescing in the manufacture and general use animation offers true exhilaration. of this harmful beverage. For the sake of revenue Third, the manufacture and use of intoxicants and under the plea of personal liberty America seems about to sell her birthright for a mess of distilled or fermented drink.

Many governments have tried experiments in the suppression or control of the liquor traffic. Most of these measures have failed because of human greed for gold, because of individual desire for free indulgence of appetite, and because of faulty education and lack of Christian ideals. In the days before the Eighteenth Amendment was passed in the United States the saloon forces ruled politics and sapped the life of cities. Saloons flourished on the wages of the laborers and were closely linked with all forms of immortality and

TOPICS OF THE TIMES

has always been one of the greatest hindrances the rut of subsidization, though the kindness and to the spread of Christianity. Rum in the hold generosity of their fellow Christians abroad will and missionaries in the cabins of ships bound for always be remembered with gratitude. The Chi- Africa and the South Seas represented antagonis- nese Church must bear its own responsibility as tic forces. There is great need to spread tem- an expression of religious life.

perance and Christian ideals in all lands today The past year has witnessed many manifesta- rather than to give the forces of evil an opportu- tions of a strong evangelistic effort. Hundreds of nity to point to America as a land where the de- evangelistic bands have been formed by voluntary mon rum is again enthroned. workers as the result of a spiritual awakening Seven things are needed in the present crisis amongst Christians in many parts of China, to turn the tide: through the successful work of several Chinese evangelists. It is true that a great deal of this 1. A knowledge of facts. type of work was mixed with emotionalism, yet 2. No compromise with evil. one cannot deny that many who were cold are now 3. Repudiation of the lust of gold. on fire and those blind now see. The visit to China 4. Education and example to teach self-control of Dr. E. Stanley Jones was both timely and benand to show the evils of alcohol. eficial. He spent four months in China, from Au- 5. A greater respect for all laws that are in gust to December, conducting evangelistic meetharmony with the laws of God. ings in Mukden, Peiping, Tsinan, Nanking, Soo- 6. Acceptance of the Christian ideal of love chow, Shanghai, Ningpo, Hankow, Foochow, which works no ill to one's neighbor. Hongkong and Canton. Hundreds of Christian 7. The enthronement of Christ in all life. workers and nonChristian students listened to his CHINA GROWS BY TRIBULATIONS message with keen interest and many were spirit- ually helped. It is gratifying that the evangelistic Japanese aggression in Manchuria cuts deep in- consciousness is growing in the Chinese Church to the soul of the Chinese people. On the top of and we pray that this may spread.

this foreign invasion, flood and famine in Central For some time a rebellious and revolutionary and Northwest China, civil wars in Shantung and spirit was much in evidence among the youth of Szechwan Provinces, and warfare against com- China politically and socially, as well as reli- munism have greatly intensified national distress. giously. There was a tendency against the Chris- All this has its due effect upon religion. Doubts tian Church. Many rather prefer to form small of the reality of God and the practicability of the groups and fellowships for service than identify- Christian ideal of love have been freely expressed. ing themselves with the organized Church. This On the other hand, many are driven to religion for state of affairs, if unremedied, would neither be peace and comfort. A large prayermeeting held helpful to the Church nor healthful to youth. We in Peiping by the Panchan Lama of Tibet was at- are happy to note indications of a changing atti- tended by 100,000 people, including influential tude which shows that both are drawing nearer men of the government. While people attended together. We see possibilities for the future work the meeting with mixed motives the desire for na- when the ripened experience of age and the dar- tional deliverance was also evident. The Chinese ing spirit of youth will work hand in hand for the are determined not to be defeated by adverse cir- common objective we have in view, namely the cumstances. Signs of life and growth in ways extension of the Kingdom of God in China.

more than one are traceable. They believe and The Five Year Movement held the attention of are heartened by such an ancient maxim as To the Church in the past year and in the work of nan hsing pang, meaning, "a nation grows by evangelism, religious education, christianizing the many tribulations !" home, the literary campaign, christianizing eco- The economic depression of the Western world nomic relations, the rural Church, youth and has its effect upon the work in China. Mission- Church, and true Christian stewardship, many ary societies have to take drastic measures in cut- churches are more than willing to adopt these as ting down expenses and curtailing work in the part of their church program. A reenforced en- mission fields. This has come upon the work in ergy and consecration and a double portion of the China so suddenly and drastically that the depend- Spirit of God is needed to strengthen hands and ent mission-churches find it extremely difficult to hearts to make the Five Year Movement a great adjust themselves. Some fields are abandoned, success. The present favorable opportunity in workers dismissed and activities discontinued. China for Christian service is so great that one This has caused momentary dislocation and be- shudders to think of retrenchment and retreat at wilderment. At the same time, we cannot but be such a time. CHENG CHING-YI, hopeful that this may prove to be a blessing in dis- Secretary of the National guise. Local churches must learn to get out of Christia,n Council of China.

INTERDENOMINATIONAL MISSIONARY ent world situation for the continued development MEETINGS of foreign missions."* The supreme needs of the Church of Christ to- HARLAN PAGE BEACH day, and of the whole missionary enterprise, are (1) information as to the true nature of Chris- A beautiful, luminous soul, a devoted Christian, tianity and the work of Protestant missions, and a loyal friend, an untiring and effective servant of (2) more whole-hearted devotion to Christ and Christ in world-wide missionary work, departed His cause, regardless of cost. There are many to his Eternal Home when Harlan Page Beach earnest Christians who are still uninformed as to entered into rest from his Florida home on March the actual condition of men without Christ and 4. Professor Beach was in his seventy-ninth year, the true results of missionary work. Other nomi- having been born in South Orange, New Jersey, nal Christians are uninterested because they are on April 4, 1854. He was for fifteen years a faithunsympathetic with the sacrificial and world-wide ful and efficient member of the Board of Directors program given to the Church by Jesus Christ. of The Missionary Review Publishing Company The Laymen's Appraisal Report has been given and for some time edited the World-wide News such publicity that foreign missions have become section of the REVIEW.

"front page matter" and a general topic of con- Dr. Beach was graduated from Phillips Acad- versation. But many who discuss the subject are emy, Andover, in 1874, and from Yale College in uninformed as to what it is really about. The 1878. After teaching for two years at Phillips Florida Chain of Missionary Assemblies have Academy he was graduated from Andover Theo- demonstrated the fact that missions can be pre- logical Seminary and from 1883 to 1890 was a sented unitedly, without denominational prefer- missionary of the American Board in North ence, so as to educate and inspire all who come to China. He showed extraordinary ability in mas- the meetings. Now the Foreign Missions Confer- tering the Chinese language but was obliged to re- ence of North America is planning a series of in- turn to America on account of his wife's health terdenominational meetings, with outstanding and from 1892 to 1895 he taught at the School for missionary speakers, to bring this all important Christian Workers in Springfield, Massachusetts.

and inspiring subjeCt to the Christians of many Later he became educational secretary of the Stu- large centers. There has been great need for this dent Volunteer Movement and exerted a wide in- since the decease of the interdenominational Lay- fluence on missionary education as one of the men's Missionary Movement, the Men and Re- originators of the series of books on missionary ligions Movement and the Interchurch World countries. He was the author of many useful vol- Movement. umes, including "The Cross in the Land of the The first of these new promotional, united mis- Trident," "The Knights of the Labarum," "Dawn sionary gatherings, will be held between Easter on the Hills of Tang," "Princely Men of the Heavand June 1. (April 18 to May 30.) The leading enly Kingdom," "Renaissant Latin America," and speakers will be Dr. E. Stanley Jones, the well "The Geography and Atlas of Protestant Misknown Methodist missionary who has recently sions." He was the co-author of the "Encyclopeconducted a four months' campaign in China, dia of Missions," the "World Atlas of Christian and Dr. Sam Higginbottom, the Presbyterian mis- Missions," and "World Statistics of Christian Missionary whose work for poverty-stricken, sinning sions." and suffering India has made him famous, Dr. S. G. Inman of Latin America and others. These Prof. Beach was the first incumbent of the D. meetings will begin (for religious editors!) in Willis James Professorship of Christian Missions Washington, D. C., on April 18 and will then pass at Yale University in 1906 and initiated the first on to Brooklyn, Newark, Trenton, Philadelphia, department of Christian missions at any seat of Baltimore, Wilmington, Reading, Harrisburg, El- learning in the world. mira, Binghamton, Albany, Utica, Syracuse, Buffalo and Erie. Next autumn the plan is to use a Later, in 1920, he became lecturer on missions similar program in other cities in the middle at the Drew Theological Seminary, in Madison, West. Conferences will be held with pastors, lay- N. J., where he continued until 1928. men, women and young people. The purpose of this united effort is "To cooperate with the local Professor Beach, who was a Fellow of the Royal churches and all other Christian agencies in pre- Geographical Society, rendered a great service to senting anew our own and the world's need of the cause of Christian Missions by his sane, well- informed lectures and writings on many phases of the work. He was a wise counselor and a living thesaurus on Christian Missions.

Christ, the wealth of our resources for life in Him, * Further information as to dates, speakers, chairmen of local committees and other data can be obtained by writing to Dr. A. L. and the call of God and the challenge of the pres- Warnshljis, 419 Fourth Ave .. New York.

True Christian Attitude

Non..Christian Religions* By ROBERT E. SPEER, New York l!J..- -"~ Author of "The Finality of Jesus Christ",. Secretary of the Board of Foreign Missions of the Presbyterian Church, U. S. A.

T HIS is a living question for Christian mis- gion. It is often asserted that each religion has sions abroad and for the Christian Church something to contribute, to the common stock, but at home. If we hold the apostolic faith with when it is asked what the non-Christian religi()ns regard to Christ as Lord and Saviour and God, have to contribute the answer almost invariably our only -Mediator and Redeemer, what should is in terms not of some element of the religion but our attitude be today toward non-Christian reli- in some quality of the race. There is not in any gions? Between those who hold this primitive non-Christian religion a single truth or element Christian faith and those who do not, there will of truth that is not in Christ, but there are in inevitably be divergent answers to this question. each race qualities which other races lack, which But even among Christian believers who are it has to bring to Christ for His consecrating use.

united in their loyalty to Jesus Christ as Lord, The moral qualities which our Lord exalted in and in their faith in His sole supremacy there is the Beatitudes in the Sermon on the Mount are great difficulty either in finding or in stating, or not monopolized by anyone race. When it is said in both finding and stating, a common view. accordingly that the West has a great deal to At the outset we should make some distinctions learn from the East, the statement is untrue with which are too often overlooked, with a good deal regard to the Christianity of the New Testament.

of resultant confusion. It has nothing to learn from any non-Christian First, between religion and race.-Too often religion. But it is profoundly true as regards the these are deliberately or thoughtlessly identified. West, and of each human race, with regard to Some hold a view of religion which regards it as every other human race and of the Christian only a racial product or expression. Each race, Church. We need the help of all. But it is the it is held, develops its own religion, the religion races that are to help us, not their religions, and best suited to its own character and needs. It is it is the races as influenced by Christ.

not religion that forms a race. It is the race that Religion and Culture forms its religion. A second distinction which must be made is be- Without stopping to examine this view, as to tween religion and culture or civilization. The how far it is true, or whether it is true at all, it mistake is often made of conceiving the missionis enough to say that it is obviously untrue and ary enterprise as an interchange of cultures, and impossible as regards primitive Christianity. The its problems as the problems of "contacts with Jewish race did not produce that. It rejected and non-Christian cultures." The assumption usually renounced it and does so to this day. Whatever is that Christianity is Christian culture and that influences shaped the Christianity of the third the non-Christian cultures are the non-Christian century and of Greek and Roman Catholicism did religions. Culture and religion are not identical not create the original faith in Jesus Christ, the terms. No careful and true definition of either God-man, our Lord and Saviour. That faith was will allow their identification unless "religion" is "to the Jews a stumbling block and to the Greeks used to cover everything and so loses all definifoolishness." Still less is this Christianity the tion whatsoever. No warrant can be found in creation of the Anglo-Saxon race or of any Euro- literature for this confusing present-day usage. pean or Western race. To introduce into the problem of comparative Religion and race must be distinguished also in religion the whole vast field of civilization and our judgments in the field of comparative reli- culture is to create hopeless confusion. Weare — not comparing cultures, civilizations, sciences and maretnS.t We are comparI.ng re1I"glOns, the New Testa- * This article is a much abbreviated section of the last chapter concept·Ion f Chrl.st an d HI'S meanI.ng WI'th of a book entitled "The Finality of Jesus Christ," to be published 0 tShtiosnespLreinctgurebsy fothre 19FRl2e-m~i~ngat HP. rinReeevteolnl TChoemolpoagniyc,al eSmebmoidnyairnyg. the [ 175]

the actual religions of Buddhism, Hinduism or may misjudge a gentle spirit who loved the people Islam. Cultures and civilizations are indeed to and whom the people loved, by a severe record interchange and to enrich one another, and each and vice versa. And even if we judge a few inpeople has something to learn from others but no dividuals justly we cannot be sure whether they one has anything to give to Christ or any wealth were representative of the mass or exceptions to add to Him. to it.

Religions and Their Adherents And yet we are not left helpless. In each of the great mission fields there have been periodi- A third distinction must be drawn between re- cal conferences at which the collective mind found ligions and their adherents. The question of the expression and, preceded by the Liverpool and relations of Christianity to non-Christian systems Mildmay Conferences, there have been since 1900, is not the same as the question of the relations of international meetings at which the common drift Christian human beings to non-Christian human and the main variations from it were given utterbeings. One might think with disapproval and ance. I have made a careful study of the actual condemnation of some non-Christian system, or attitude of the missionary movement for the past of the untruths and evils sanctioned or sheltered hundred years as set forth in the discussions and in it, and yet think only with good will and kind- conclusions of the whole series of missionary conness and love of the men and women who adhere ferences at home and abroad from the first one to this system. There have been men who viewed in Calcutta in 1855 to the last one in Jerusalem the non-Christian religions with an intolerance in 1928. Such a study is an utter refutation of which was called bigotry who at the same time the view that foreign missions have been ignowon and held the hearts of the people of those re- rant of the non-Christian religions or harsh and ligions whom they loved with a passionate love. bigoted in attacking them. Most of what we have known about the non-Christian religions and their And let it be noted that the issue is not between sacred books in the past we have owed to missionforeign missions and the non-Christian religions. aries and in the main the missionary attitude to- The indigenous or national Christian Churches ward these religions has been in fact the attitude are even more intimately involved. It is a matter which will be set forth here. That attitude is of life and death to them, of the validity or in- briefly expressed in the statement which Princivalidity of their very existence. If the non-Chris- pal Cairns, made at Edinburgh in 1910 in pretian religions are adequate and entitled to possess senting the Report of the Commission on the the field then these Churches are illegitimate and Christian Message: represent a species of disloyalty and treason. The chief burden in this comparison falls on them, There are two very notable points in the evidence and on foreign missions with them, for two rea- which may be noticed in this place. The first of these sons-first because foreign missions are identi- is the practically universal testimony that the true atfied with them in spirit and purpose and second titude of the Christian missionary to the non-Chrisbecause foreign missions are the fruitage and the tian religions should be one 'of true understanding trustee of that view of Christ and the Gospel and, as far as possible, of sympathy. That there are which alone can produce the missionary enter- elements in all these religions which lie outside the prise and which alone can perpetuate Christian- possibility of .sympathy is, of course, recognized, and ity at home. The whole issue indeed is an issue that in some forms of religion the evil is appalling is for Christianity here. If Christianity is not such also clear. But nothing is more remarkable than the a religion that every man needs it, then no man agreement that the true method is that of knowledge needs to pay any attention to it. and charity, that the missionary should seek for the nobler elements in the non-Christian religions and use With these distinctions as far as possible in them as steps to higher things, that in fact all these mind, though it will be difficult not to forget religions without exception disclose elemental needs them, let us proceed with our inquiry. What is of the human soul which Christianity alone can satthe true Christian view of the non-Christian re- isfy, and that in their higher forms they plainly maniligions and of the right attitude to them? It is fest the working of the Spirit of God. On all hands often said that there has been a great change in the merely iconoclastic attitude is condemned as radithe Christian enterprise in this regard since the cally unwise and unjust. days of Carey and Duff at the beginning of the modern era, that the missionaries of those days But, along with this generous recognition of all that regarded the non-Christian religions as unquali- is true and good in these religions, there goes also fiedly evil and that their preaching was destruc- the universal and emphatic witness to the absolutetive and controversial. A just comparative judg- ness of the Christian faith. Superficial criticism ment is perhaps beyond our power. We know might say that these two attitudes are incompatible, something of the mind and method of outstand- that if Christianity alone is true and final, all other ing individuals but even this may mislead us. We religions must be false, and that as falsehoods they should be denounced as such.

Against that criticism we may, in the first place,

THE TRUE CHRISTIAN ATTITUDE TOWARD NON-CHRISTIAN RELIGIONS

set the massive fact that the great weight of evi- have historical and academic interest, but it ha,s dence before us shows that these witnesses do not feel ceased to have the same practical importance in mis- this contradiction. sionary work as it used to have up to twenty or even Deeper consideration of the facts indeed leads us ten years ago. We must realize that the frontier of to the conviction that it is precisely because of the our missionary enterprise has changed, and with it strength of their conviction as to the absoluteness of we must also change the old tactics. Too much praise Christianity that our correspondents find it possible cannot be given to the growth in the study of com- to take this more generous view of the non-Christian parative religions in the missionary training centers religions. They know that in Christ they have what of the West. Thus prepared the missionary move- meets the whole range of human need, and therefore ment has been enabled to deal with the non-Christian they value all that reveals that need, however imper- more effectively. It is partly due to the educational fect the revelation may be. activities of the Christian movement that the other This very charity and tolerance, on the 'other hand, religions a"e losing the grip they had in non-Christian makes more impressive the agreement as to the abso- lands. While Christianity is making inroads into luteness and finality of Christ. Nowhere is the slight- these religions from one side, these religions are suf- est support found for the idea that Christianity is fering a great deal more in the rear from a group of only one religion among others, or that all religions new enemies, who have advanced so far into their ter- are simply different ways of seeking the one Father, ritory, that, for all practical purposes, Christianity and are therefore equally pleasing in His sight. One must ignore the incapacitated older religions and massive conviction animates the whole evidence, that think of its frontier work in terms of what it will Jesus Christ fulfills and supersedes all other religions, have to do with these same new forces: scientific and that the day is approaching when to Him every agnosticism, materialistic determinism, political fas- knee shall bow and every tongue confess that He is cism, and moral iconoclasm.

Lord to the glory of God the Father. (Edinburgh There are others who believe that the non- Conference Report, Vol. IV, pp. 267, 268.) Christian religions are doomed who would, never- theless, not ignore them. Dr. Robert A. Hume of Instead, however, of falling back on this state- India took this view. "Hinduism is doomed," he ment, which did not prevent the Jerusalem Coun- says in "An Interpretation of India's Religious cil from making a fresh approach in the light of History" (p. 177). But he wisely urges that we new conditions, let us set ourselves to answer for should thoroughly understand even doomed reliour own minds today.

Shall We Ignore Non-Christian Religions? gions in order to help to disentangle the good from the evil and bring it to Christ for His conservancy 1. Shall we simply go on our own way and pro- and fulfillment. But the doom of great religions claim the Gospel, paying no attention to non- seems still to be some distance away. Great Christian religions-either to their evil or to their masses of their adherents, especially women, have good? This would seem to be Karl Barth's idea been but slightly affected by the mighty tides of of our right course. He contends that we must change on which these religions are borne. Connot throw out bridges toward ot}:ler religions. The fucianism, indeed, as a religion may now be igwhole future of Christianity is bound up with nored, as Professor Hung asserts, but Hinduism what some call narrowness. He says: and Buddhism and Islam are far from disintegra- tion. But whether far or near, the course which Let the Christian Church with its message of the Barth suggests is a simple impossibility. We are One and Only God and of His mercy toward lost man, not preaching Christ in vacuo or an impersonal go on its way and proclaim the Gospel amidst other system in the midst of similar systems. Weare religions, no matter what their name, regardless of preaching Him to men and women. The preachwhat may happen, without yielding to their demons ing is conditioned at both ends-by us who carry even so much as a little finger. Christianity is some- it and by those to whom it is to be borne. It thing totally different from all the philosophies and all the other isms. (Quoted in The Sunday School Times, July 9, 1932, p. 365.) must be preached to them and with reference to Some advocate this course because they believe them and it is not fully preached until it reaches that the non-Christian religions are doomed, if them and relates them to Christ for themselves not already moribund and that it is waste energy as we ought to be related to Him for ourselves. to give any heed to them. William Hung of Yen- It is not our Christ that we are to give them. It ching University set forth this view in a striking is Christ who is greater than ours or theirs beletter which was read at the meeting of the J e- cause He is ours and theirs and all men's. As rusalem Council: Paul grandly asserted, He is "the Head of every man" and the Saviour of all men. (1 Cor. 13: 3; It seems to me that we have arrived at a stage in 1 Tim. 2: 4.) the history of missions when it is no longer worth while for the missionary leaders to study the Chris- The attitude of Christianity cannot be an atti- tian approaches to Buddhism, Confucianism, etc. The tude of ignoring. It must be an attitude of in- scientific study of these non-Christian religions will telligent understanding and appreciative recogni-

tion of every possible point of human contact in as it stands it does not contemplate the making the realm of ideal and in the friendly and helpful of individual converts to Christianity even by relationships of common life and neighborliness. worthy motives.

(See Ellinwood, "Oriental Religions and Chris- Christians as Truth Seekers tianity," Ch. 1.) Shall We Perpetuate Them? As against these views surely the true view is that every man is bound to seek and follow truth 2. Shall we recognize the non-Christian reli- wherever it leads him, whatever it converts him gions as sister faiths, or if this relation is too from or converts him to; that if Christianity is close, then as kindred faiths only a little farther true it is true irrespective of the "Great Com- removed, and shall we seek to strengthen and per- mission" in any form, and must be offered in the petuate them, not seeking to detach or convert most persuasive way to every man, and that the their adherents but trying to make every Moslem duty of so offering it is created not by any com- whom we can influence a better Moslem and every mand but by the very nature of the Christian Buddhist a better Buddhist? The general princi- faith; that Christianity is itself one of the an- ple underlying the view involved in such a ques- cestral faiths of India, the third in the number tion we have already considered. The whole con- of its adherents and already long established in tention is that, in the light of these investigations India before ever Mohammed arose in Arabia which we have been pursuing in the preceding (Stewart, "Nestorian Missionary Enterprise,"

lectures, Christianity must unequivocally reject Ch. V), and older than most of the Hindu schools this principle. But three considerations are often of the present day; that truth is truth, whether urged today against conversions to Christianity it be religious or political or mathematical or or "proselytism" as it is opprobriously called, other, and has its own right as truth, and that which it will be well to examine. First, it is said there is no less warrant for trying to convert men to be morally wrong. Second, it _is pronounced to the truth of God in Christ than for trying to psychologically wrong. And third, it is deemed convert them to the political and social ideas of unwise even in the interest of the ultimate suc- which Mr. Gandhi is so devoted an evangelist; cess of Christianity. though oddly enough if it is wrong to convert peo- First, it is said to be morally wrong. For a ple, it must be wrong to try to convert to a conlong time Judaism has protested against it, some- trary view those who deeply believe in convertimes because of the methods used but often on sion; and lastly that this view would freeze all the basis of principle. And Mr. Gandhi has put human progress. None of the present religions the protest in the plainest form. Writing in his could ever have arisen, for each had a beginning paper, Young India, in April, 1931, he said: and could not have begun if it had not broken in a real sense with the past. There are methods Every nation considers its own faith to be as good and motives of conversion which may be wrong as that of any other. Certainly the great faiths held but conversion itself is not wrong. To change by the people of India are adequate for her people. from error to truth is the clear and obvious duty India stands in no need of conversion from one faith to another. . . . I do not seek to convert anybody to of every man and every society and every religion.

my faith…. Though my conviction is strong enough But, secondly, conversion from one religion to in me for me to die for that conviction, that force does not carry me to the goal of believing that the another is said to be psychologically wrong. same thing -should be believed by my fellow men. I There is, without doubt, a grave and difficult probknow what God wishes for me, but I am not so pre- lem involved in this matter of a transfer of resumptuous as to believe that I know what God wishes ligious faith and loyalty without loss of right for others. . . . I do not say "no religious teaching": reverence toward the past. Wise missionaries bring a man up to the highest light his own faith have always felt this. "When a young man stands has to give him. . . . I do not want you to get India forth to become a Christian," writes a discerning to change her faith…. The idea of converting peo- young missionary, "whether he will or no he ple to one's faith by speech and writings, by appeal usually finds himself separated from his own peo- to reason and emotion and by suggesting that the faith ple and hence from his own religious, moral and of his forefathers is a bad faith, in my opinion, limits cultural background. Of course this is neither the possibilities of serving humanity. (The Indian ideal nor best, except in part. For to isolate a Witness, Dec. 24, 1931.) man from his cultural background is to tear the Mr. C. F. Andrews states his sympathy with roots of his life from their old soil and to unduly Mr. Gandhi. He expresses "immense relief" that expose them. But the forces making for this re- criticism has exscinded the last verses of the Gos- sult are many. There is, however, this practical pel of Mark with their form of "The Great Com- thing that we can do, and that is to give to the mission," and believes that there are doubts also young Christian a consciousness of the great, as to the form given in Matthew, and that taken noble and enduring heritage of the Christian

1!l33] THE TRUE CHRISTIAN ATTITUDE TOWARD NON-CHRISTIAN RELIGIONS 17!l

movement and to help him to make it his own." the spirit which lead to more distant, but to no less (Report letter, Rev. Paul J. Braisted, May 13, important results. I think more of Christ's own par- 1932, from Burma.) ables of the "leaven" penetrating the whole mass, and Professor Hocking had this in mind in saying "the seed growing secretly" as the symbols of the at Jerusalem that "no man's religion was sound spread of His Kingdom.

unless it was in some sense the religion of his This general leavening movement is truly tak- fathers." (Jerusalem Council Report, Vol. I, ing place all over the non-Christian world. And page 302.) And Dr. Willett has been so deeply it is thus, quite as much as through the winning influenced by it that he has gone so far as to say: of individuals into a separate Christian Church, "The best religious service which a Christian can that Sir Charles Trevelyan, who knew India well, render a Jew is to encourage him in loyalty to his thought its conversion would come. "Many per- ancestral faith. There is far greater value both sons," said he, "mistake the way in which the con- to the individual and to society [in this) … than version of India will be brought about. I believe in the transfer of men and women from the one it will take place at last wholesale, just as our confession to the other." (Art., "The Jews and own ancestors were converted. The country will Christians," in The Christian Union Quarterly, have Christian instruction diffused into it in Jan. 19, 1932.) every way by direct missionary education and in- This is not, of course, the New Testament posi- directly by books of various sorts, through the tion. Our Lord foresaw the breach between public papers, through conversation with Euro- Judaism and Christianity. "They shall put you peans, and in all the conceivable ways in which out of the synagogues," He told His disciples. knowledge is communicated. Then at last when "Yea, the hour cometh that whosoever killeth you society is completely saturated with Christian shall think that he offereth service unto God" knowledge and public opinion has taken a decided (John 16: 2). But He did not counsel them to turn that way, they will come over by thousands."

avoid this by any adjustment that would permit It may be so, but the enemy is at work also their remaining. The early Church sought a set- sowing tares; J aharwarlal Nehru and an increas- tlement with Judaism that would have avoided ing number like him believe neither in Hinduism, part at least of the rupture with the ancestral in- nor in Christianity; and many of the very men heritance. The Christian Church would do the in Japan, for example, who have left the old re- same today in Asia, but the same thing happens ligions and who declare that the nation must have now that happened at the beginning. The Chris- religion and that Christianity is the best for it, tian is cast out. And probably it is inevitable. are themselves stilI far away from its faith and Christ was not just another prophet. Christian- life.

ity was not a naturalistic development of Judaism. Greatly as Christianity rejoices in all this wide The Spread of Christianity and deep change, the duty of trying to win men and women to open and avowed faith in the Sav- Thirdly, the conversion and detachment of in- iour, and to membership in His visible Church is dividuals from other religions is disapproved in clear and undiminished. It is the right and duty the interest of the ultimate success of Christian- of Christianity to seek to convert individuals, by ity. It is argued that it should be allowed to work the Spirit of Christ.

as a leaven inside the old religions until the whole It is enough to reflect on what would have hap- mass is leavened. Mr. Bernard Lucas argued for pened to Christianity in the first or any subse- this view in "The Empire of Christ," and Mr. C. quent century if it had been content to lose itself F. Andrews set it forth with more recognition of as leaven in other religions and not sought at any the right and duty of individual conversion than cost to build Christ's Church.

in his latest statements in an article in The In- Shall We Amalgamate? terpreter, of October, 1909: I am led more and more, by my missionary experi- 3. If then, in the third place, we are not to ig- ence, to regard the conversion of India not as the nore the non-Christian religions, nor to protect aggregate of so many individual conversions but and perpetuate them, are we to effect some comrather as a gradual process of growth and change in bination or amalgamation between them and thought, idea, feeling, temperament, conduct-a proc- Christianity, or to provide a hospitable assimilaess which half creates and half reconstructs a truly tion or incorporation with Christianity? We be- Christian religious atmosphere, Indian at its best and lieve such a course is impossible. It would be an Christian at its best. In such an atmosphere once intolerable compromise of what must stand alone. formed, the spiritual growth of the countless millions There are vast human and ethical communities of India may go forward and fresh .fields of spiritual but there is no community and can be none invictory be won. This does not of course mean that I cease to believe in the conversion of the individual, volving Christ and God's deed for man in Christ.

but I seem to see other and more silent processes of "To many," as Professor James Pratt says, "the

exclusive attitude of the Christian missionary Shall We Attack Them?

may seem narrow," but it is the only possible 4. If we are not to ignore the non-Christian reattitude. ligions, nor to preserve and perpetuate them, nor If the missionaries -should agree to an amalgama- to merge with them, are we to attack and combat tion of Christianity with Hinduism, the Christian side them? Should we seek or seize opportunities to of the partnership would soon disappear in the ca- break them down? pacious maw of its ever hungry partner…. Christ In his "Life of Lord Lawrence," Bosworth would simply be added to the pantheon. . . . or He would be made an eleventh incarnation of Vishnu, and Smith relates that when the City of Delhi fell before many generations all that is distinctively Chris- during the Mutiny in 1858, some of Lord Lawtian would disappear from India as completely as Bud- rence's friends wrote to him, expressing the hope dhism did after Vishnu had swallowed Gautama…. that he would destroy the great mosque there. For most Indian theologians, whether Vaishnavite or In reply to this he wrote: "I will on no account any other school, there is little place for personal consent to it. We should carefully abstain from freedom, for genuine moral struggle and individual the destruction of religious edifices, either to fa- achievement, little place for virtue and sin as Chris- vor friends or to annoy foes." And when some tianity conceives them, little place in short for real in- of his intimate friends pointed out that to destroy dividuality and responsibility. And these are things the finest place of worship in the world would be which Christianity cannot give up without sacrificing felt as a blow to their religion by Mohammedans all that moral earnestness which is its life. everywhere, he jumped up from his seat, and slapping the foremost of them on his back, said, The Christian view of the Incarnation possesses "I'll tell you what it is: there are many things two inestimable advantages to which it must cling at you could persuade me to do, but you shall never any and every cost-the undoubted historicity of its persuade me to this." God-man, and the fact that in both His life and His teachings is to be found the supreme moral ideal.

("India and Its Faiths," p. 457f.) John Lawrence was a great Christian and And this supreme moral ideal is also the only surely he acted in this as a Christian should have Redeemer and Life-giver. Therefore Christian- acted in his place and office. The same principle ity cannot accept any view that equalizes or would deter any Christian from insulting or demerges religions. It is Christ the Light and Life. stroying a place or object of worship held dear It is here, as Forsyth says, not to improve men, or sacred. But there are practices and instituthough it alone can and will, but to pass them tions which must be combated-and often they from death to life. ("The Person and Place of are so related to religion that any attack on them Jesus Christ," p. 42.) is construed as an attack on religion. When it was proposed to abolish suttee in India, the cry But is there not a just and innocent assimila- was at once raised, "Our religion is in danger."

tion or transformation of other religions in their The movements against caste and child marriage relation to Christianity? Surely there is. All the and untouchability are regarded in the same way wholesome racial qualities which are involved, today by orthodox Hinduism.

sometimes impaired, often confused in the racial During Lord William Bentinck's Governor- religions are to be conserved, released, given a Generalship in India, by various enactments it new enfranchisement. All the truth is to be rec- became penal (1) for widows to be burnt alive ognized and secured in a richer and ampler home. on their husband's funeral pyres, (2) to murder Even old names may be carried on and old festi- parents by drowning, or exposure, or burial alive, vals, when they become nothing but names and (3) to murder children by leaving them on the forms and are filled only with the content of river bank to be the prey of crocodiles, (4) to en- Christ and His truth. We are not troubled in courage devotees to destroy themselves under the Christendom by the preservation of the names of wheels of idol-cars, (5) to promote voluntary tor- heathen gods in our names of the months of the ture by hook-swinging, or (6) to offer human sac- year and the days of the week or in Easter. Nor rifices, although all those crimes were done in the are some of the great festivals of the Christian name of religion (Stock, "History of the Church year less Christian because they once were not Missionary Society," Vol. I, p. 293).' And all of Christ's and are now His alone. these enactments were regarded as attacks on re- At the same time Christianity must be cease- ligion and were met by the cry, as Mr. Gandhi's lessly on its guard and it should refuse every efforts for the untouchables are met today, "Hincompromising adjustment. All that man can ever duism is in danger." Were Carey and Duff wrong find in Christ is there to be found. But it is there in advocating them? Assuredly not.

only. And it is there now. Christianity cannot But does the Christian attitude go beyond this?

merge with other religions and as a religion it Dr. Frere, the present Bishop of Truro, raised cannot go into partnership with other religions. seriously at the Edinburgh Conference in 1910

THE TRUE CHRISTIAN ATTITUDE TOWARD NON-CHRISTIAN ~ELIGIONS

the question whether at times it should not do so, reasoning with the thoughtful and intelligent, it whether in dealing with heathenism a policy of would seem the one plan of winning the way to aggressive affront to idolatry was not warranted, their conviction and acceptance of the Divine. although he recognized that while medieval mis- faith to appeal to these primal truths, and sionaries sometimes pursued this course, uni- through the expansion and full development of formly in his opinion, nevertheless "in Rome them, to dislodge and shake off the mass of error itself the heathen temples were preserved-cau- with which they are encrusted. It would seem tiously, carefully and decently preserved-nor the way to conciliate prejudice, and break down was it until the middle of the sixth century that that posture of antagonism which the mind natuthere was any conversion made of a heathen tem- rally assumes, when its faith is directly assailed." ple into a Christian church." (Edinburgh Con- But this is all to the supreme end of leading on ference Report, Vol. IX, p. 190.) from these points of contact to the one essential thing-Christ and the gift of God in Him to man. Perhaps our answer today is not so difficult because so many other forces are engaged in the Professor Oscar M. Buck of Drew University work of destruction. Professor Hung of Yen- made the matter very clear in his address at the ching referred to these, and Mr. Macmurray of North America Foreign Missions Conference in Baliol described them in striking words in his 1930: "You and I must show forth Christ where paper for Jerusalem. He is different from the non-Christian faiths, not merely where He is similar. I feel that we have These religions are going to be smashed anyhow, stopped too easily at the similarities and drawn perhaps not quickly, but surely, and what is going to up much of our technique from that point of view. do it-indeed is already doing it-is modern science, We have not remembered that similarities give us modern commerce, and modern political organization. only our contact; they do not furnish our impact. These are the things that the East wants from us; Similarities never convert, only contrasts do that. and on the whole it does not want our Christianity. Conversion for the sincere non-Christian is not a It will have them and they will destroy its religions, matching, but an exchange, not an easy transiits customs, and its social organizations. It doesn't tion, but a transformation." seem to me to be really worth while to attempt to save from the wreck what seems to us good and valuable Christianity does not go out into the world in the 'older non-Christian civilizations. Why all this merely to carry to men truth they already possess arch~ologism ? When the old systems of life have be- or to confirm that truth. It is true that that truth come a mere memory-as Rome and Greece have for requires Christianity to secure and complete it. us,-then all that is of permanent value in them will But in Jesus' bold language, He came not to call be ripe and available for educational purposes. At the the righteous but sinners to repentance (Mark moment the good and the bad are so thor{)ughly inter- 2: 17). There was perhaps an irony in His twined, so unified in a common concrete way of life, words. He did not say how many righteous there that the destruction of the system must precede the were. And thus He goes abroad today. The comrescue of its valuable elements. mon truth is only the starting point and it may be exaggerated and misused to frustrate the Chris- Christianity's mission may truthfully be de- tian mission. scribed in terms of salvation for individuals and salvage for whatever is good in their religions. There are three warning words which may well There are treasures of art and architecture and be cited. The first is Sir Henry Maine's, appliliterature associated with the non-Christian re- cable to the danger of coloring non-Christian ligions which belong to the wealth of mankind. ideas by interpretations which really misrepre- The forces which Hung and Macmurray describe sent them: "There is no greater delusion than are pitiless in their destruction of these treasures. to suppose that you weaken an error by giving it One reason why Christianity ought at once to pos- the color of truth. On the contrary you give it sess the earth is that these values may be saved pertinacity and vitality and greater power of where alone they can be preserved in safety,-in evil." Christ. Let me preface the two other words from Mr. The Recognition of Truth Edwyn F. Bevan and Mr. Macmurray. From his new Christian viewpoint Paul saw more clearly 5. It is pleasant to come to these more positive than the Jews the true spiritual values of their notes. It is part of the Christian attitude, the inheritance. Even so it is Christians who ought true attitude, to see and to stress all that it can to see and appreciate all true spiritual values find that is good and true. This is what we ought existing anywhere and glory in them. It is a hard to do because it is right. And we ought to do it question of fact, however, as to whether the exbecause the only wise beginning is to find com- altation of these values helps men and women to mon ground. Speaking of the primal truths which come to Christ. In many cases it has done so. are met, Anthony Grant in his Bampton Lectures They have been drawn to Christ by finding in long ago remarked with obvious sound sense: "In

Him the many things they prize most in their per- 17: 22-34; Mat. 13: 1-35; Cf. Heim, "The New fect fulness. But on the other hand there are men Divine Order," pp. 99f.) and women who come to Him for what they have Is There Fulfillment? never found or known even in part. For these Mr. Macmurray and Mr. Bevan in their papers 6. Once more, there are many who find in the for the Jerusalem Missionary Council set forth words "fulfill" and "complete" an expression of one aspect of missionary policy'. Mr. Bevan the true attitude of Christianity to the non-Chris- tian religions. The words appear again and again wrote: in our present-day discussions, and usually we let them pass without stopping to scrutinize them. One great question of principle is: How far should They rest back on our Lord's great saying in the we present to non-Christian peoples what in Christianity is like their own traditions; how far what is unlike? There is a tendency in some quarters to rec- Sermon on the Mount, "Think not that I came to ommend Christianity to the Indians by making it as destroy the law and the prophets: I came not to like Hinduism as possible. On the other hand, it is just the elements in Christianity which are unlike destroy but to fulfill" (Mat. 5: 7). anything else in Hinduism that Indians most need, as But have we adequately examined this idea of Tennyson said of his friend, fulfillment? Does it cover all the facts and the "He supplied my want the more necessities of them? Did Christ come to fulfill That his unlikeness fitted mine." what is evil or untrue? Must not any honest formula include destruction as well as fulfillment?

And Mr. Macmurray said: As Principal Hogg of Madras Christian College There is first a general danger in comparing Chris· says: "Let the missionary, it is said, present tianity with other religi'ons and picking out for em- Christianity as the fulfillment of Hinduism. This phasis what they have in comm'On. That is all right formula has the advantage of permitting Hindu in a university classro'Om, 'Or in merely historical.study. religion to be regarded not· as seeking only but As a basis of P'Olicy it seems t'O me t'O be gratuitously as partial finding: yet beyond this it has little weak. The essential questi'On is t'O disc'Over what practical helpfulness. To call the relation of Christianity has t'O give tD the world that nD other re- Christianity to Hinduism one of fulfillment may ligi'On can give-in any degree. The difference has tD be indeed permissible, but the description obbe 'One of kind. Unless Christianity is essentially and scures the fact that it fulfills by, at least parradically different frDm 'Other religi'Ons, unless there is tially, destroying." Archbishop Trench closed his some sense in which it is just right and they are just great lectures on "Christ, the Desire of the Nawr'Ong, then there isn't much tQ be said fQr the mis- si'Onary drive. tions," with a clear recognition of evil in the non- One 'Of the prQfQundest remarks which I have come Christian religions which has its terrible lesson across abQut religi'On is in CQllingwQQd's Speculum Mentis. He says that religiQn reached its climax in but which is not as evil to be fulfilled. It is to Christ; and in dQing S'O it ceased tQ be religi'On. Us- be wiped out, and to endure only as those exing religiQn in this sense-and it is the only sense in purgated sections of ancient books which reprewhich it can be used when 'One stUdies cQmparative re- sent Christ's destructive power and are "the ligiQn-he seems tQ me tQ be· just right. Much that trophies of the triumph of Christianity." Of the evil in the non-Christian religions it is absolutely belongs tD religion in this sense permeates what we right to use the words not "fulfill" and "leaven" call Christianity-b'Oth in dQctrine, in spiritual 'Outlook, and in 'Organization. And I have a convictiQn but conquer and destroy.

that the points which the various w'Orld religi'Ons have And our Lord's words are to be interpreted in in CQmmQn with Christianity are in large measure the the light of other similar words of His and of the P'Oints which are nQt specifically Christian, but merely facts of history. "I came not to judge the world, religiQus. but to save the world" (John 15: 47). And yet Here is the real lesson to be drawn from Paul's He said also, "For judgment came I into the sermon on Mars Hill. That sermon is made to world" (John 9: 39). "I judge no man, yea and bear too much when it is interpreted as a recog- if I judge, my judgment is true" (John 8: 15, nition of the equality of all religions or an ac- 16). "I have many things to speak and to judge knowledgment by Paul of the validity and ade- concerning you" (John 8: 26). He came indeed quacy of the Athenian acknowledgment of God. not to judge but to save. But His coming was a He begins, indeed, just as the wise preacher does judgment and by every contact and relationship today on common ground but he presses on at of His with men, men are judged. So also He once to the distinctive Christian message and the came to fulfill the law but He fulfilled the law by . e~plosion came with his first· reference to the superseding it. Where is it now? What disposed Resurrection, and the writer adds with a sorrow- of it? Christ destroyed it. And He is abroad to- ful touch, "Then Paul went out from among day to destroy as well as to fulfill,-to fulfill all them." It was not that the method failed. The goodness and righteousness and truth and to de- sower sowed wisely-but, alas! the soil! (Acts stroy, not to leaven or perfect, slavery, polygamy,

THE TRUE CHRISTIAN ATTITUDE TOWARD NON-CHRISTIAN RELIGIONS

child marriage, caste, temple prostitution, injus- It is clear that the word "sharing" can be used tice, greed and all the works of "the man of sin in the true Christian sense of making Christ that opposeth and exalteth himself against all available to all the world, but it is to be feared that is called God or that is worshipped so that that the word is sometimes used today with du- he sitteth in the temple of God, setting himself biety of meaning. If it means that Christians forth as God … him will God destroy" (2 Thes. are to go to all men with Christ and the New 2: 3-10; 1 Cor. 3: 17). Here there are no geo- Testament message of Christ and share this in- graphical or religious bounds. Jesus is abroad stead of monopolizing it or keeping it as their on this mission in East and West alike, in all re- own private possession, well and good. If it ligions and in all life. He came indeed to fulfill. means that the Christian Church in America, for But there was and is another side to His mission, example, is to share with the Christian Church equally true. The gentle John spoke of it with in China in the evangelization of China, in the unflinching words: "To this end was the son of common world task of Christianity, in the united God manifested, that he might destroy the works exploration of the riches of Christ and in the in- of the devil" (1 John 3: 8). terchange of what they have found in Him, also And even the very goods and truths of the non- well and good. But if it means that Christianity Christian religions which it may be said Christ and Hinduism, for example, are to share each is to fulfill must themselves be baptized and re- with the other what that other has not, then the deemed. Neither the good of any man nor the conception is contrary to the realities of truth.

good of any religion can stand in itself before the It is to be feared that many use the new phrase blazing light and holiness of Christ. The Conti- in the sense of the equalitarianism of religions.

nental delegates at the International Missionary In other cases it is used to offset or correct the Council in Jerusalem in their statement declared supposed claim of superiority involved in offering their "conviction that the most sublime and heart Christianity to the world as the absolute and final stirring elements in the non-Christian systems if or even as the best religion. Instead of giving they are to be ruled by Jesus Christ, have to be people the Gospel, we "share our experience."

converted and regenerated in order to come to But will not this be seen, as soon as the novelty their complete fulfillment." It is essential for us of the new word is worn off, to imply an even to see this. The non-Christian religions are not more objectionable superiority complex? The to develop naturally into Christianity. They are Gospel is something for which we claim no credit to humble themselves and to be regenerated as a at all. It came to us from Asia and we are only good deal of present-day Christianity must, and passing it on. But our own experience is a per- this is hard for the corporate pride of great sonal claim, and to make it our message o'pens systems. the way to a host of new dangers, and only in- Let there be no mistake. The values of the old creases the old ones from which we were seeking religions themselves and of modern Christianity, to escape. Furthermore is it psychologically pos- too, need conversion. They too must be washed sible to share experience? It can be reported in the blood of the Lamb, pass through the agony but it cannot be shared. To share means to part of the Cross and rise again in the Resurrection. among two, to divide, to possess in common. No But, it is said, this is the very imperialistic one else can possess my experience. He can have tone in Christianity which modern thought has one of his own but it cannot be mine. What each been doing its utmost to eliminate, in the attitude and both of us can do is to experience Christ.

of Christianity to the non-Christian religions. And Christ is what we have to share. He is only Well, there is a false imperialism which is ab- and all. There can be no counter or return from horrent to Christianity, and there is a true im- anyone else.

perialism which is inherent in it. Truth is abso- The Conquering Christ lutely imperialistic and despotic and it cannot be 8. So we come in the end to Christianity's beotherwise. And Jesus Christ is Master and Lord. gining. In the words of F. W. H. Myers' glorious Three times in the New Testament He is so called, poem on St. Paul: despotes or "Emperor" (2 Timothy 2: 21; 2 Peter 2: 1; Jude 4). And no disciple of His has Christ is the end as Christ was the beginning; any warrant to abate His imperial claim, the Christ the beginning, for the end is Christ.

claim of His grace and love, but also of His right And I do not see how we can answer our ques- tion, "What does Christianity propose with reand power. gard to the religions that exist in the world?" . Sharing Religion otherwise than Dr. William NeWton Clarke an- 7. Another word which has come into usage swered it.

with regard to the Christian attitude toward the The attitude of the religion that bears the name 'of non-Christian religions is "sharing." Jesus Christ is not one of compromise, but one of con-

flict and of conquest. It proposes to displace the Why is the word conquer not right and true?

other religions. The claim of Jeremiah is the claim Dr. John Henry Barrows did not hesitate to use of Christianity,-"The gods that have not made the it as the title of his Morse Lectures on returning heavens and the earth, they shall perish from the earth from India, "The Christian Conquest of Asia." and from under the heavens." The survival of the It is not the West conquering the East. It is not Creator, joyfully foreseen, is the ground of its con- even Christianity conquering Hinduism, Budfidence and its endeavor. Christianity thus under- dhism and Islam. It is Christ conquering human takes a long and laborious campaign, in which it must hearts. He has conquered our hearts, or to the experience various fortunes and learn patience from trials and delays; but the true state of the case must extent that He has not done so, they still need not be forgotten, namely, that Christianity sets out His conquest. We rejoice to be His disciples as for victory. The intention to conquer is characteristic our Master, and His subjects as our King. This of the Gospel. This was the aim of its youth when it is the true relationship of men to Him whether went forth among the religions that then surrounded it be men of Asia or men of Europe, men of Hinit, and with this aim it must enter any field in which duism or men of Christianity. old religions are encumbering the religious nature of man. It cannot conquer except in love, but in love it And this is our Christian message,-the suintends to conquer. It means to fill the world. ("A preme, solitary Saviour who has come forth by Study of Christian Missions," p. I07f.) conquering to save, and beside whom there is no Christianity rightly uses the word conquer. other. As Christina Rossetti wrote in her hymn Dr. Clarke Cuthbert Hall says the Christianiza- forty years ago: tion of the world "suggests the conservation of None other Lamb, none 'other Name, all there is in the non-Christian faiths and its None other Hope in heaven or earth or sea, purgation, reconstruction and consummation in the fullness that is Christ Jesus." ("The Uni- None other Hiding Place from guilt and shame, versal Elements of the Christian Religion," p. None beside Thee!

51.) But what is true does not need to be purged. My faith burns low, my hope burns low; It is what is false and evil. And what is false Only my heart's desire cries out in me, and evil needs to be more than purged. It needs to be conquered, driven out, destroyed. If the By the deep thunder of its want and woe, Cries out to Thee!

early missionary leaders spoke of the enterprise Lord, Thou art Life, though I be dead; as war it was, necessary and inevitable war, with Love's Fire Thou art, however cold I be: evil, with polytheism and idolatry. Nor heaven have I, nor place to lay my head, And Christians today who cannot be accused N or home, but Thee.

of bigotry or intolerance think and speak in- .

stinctively in the same terms. Albert Schweitzer It is Jesus Christ and Him only and Him alone, calls the encounter of the basic ideas of Brah- the Son of God and the Son of Man, the only Re- manism and Buddhism on the one side and of deemer, Saviour and Lord, to whom a crown was Christianity on the other a "battle." He and his given and who came forth conquering and to fellow missionaries fighting against darkness and conquer. On this rock the Christian Church stood death, disease and sin are the "advance guard of at the beginning. Here it has stood through all an army." Dr. J. H. Cotton comes home from the the ages. Here it must continue to stand. "Other Joseph Cook lectureship in India with the convic- foundation can no many lay than that is laid."

tion that "with the attitude of Hinduism, the Gos- From this foundation the Church of Christ, so pel of Christ with its urgent Gospel of redemption long as it is true to its message and its mission, can make no peace." whether at home or abroad, will never remove.

Amid the many things that have fallen apart in the secular world and in the world of religious thought, the Bible stands unshaken. That Word is still the "lamp unto our feet and the light unto our path." It is singular that, in a day of criticism against many expressions of religion, this Book of books is being read and studied with greater devotion by more people than ever before. Science, governments, and culture have not kept the world from chaos, but the Word of our God abides forever. More criticism has been directed toward it in the past generation than against all other books of religion, but not one shred. of truth has been found false. In this Book, God still speaks to man and man to God. Gilbraltar may go down before the waves of an angry sea, but the "Rock of Ages" has withstood every storm and stress. We may well still saturate our language with its vocabulary, our lives with its spirit, and our age with its teaching.-DR. JOSEPH R. SIZOO.

the Edge of a Great Closed Land*

By the RIGHT REV. ARTHUR WARD, London, England Bishop of tbe Moravian Church W EST of the Great Closed Land of Tibet bridge-builder came, a single tree, or, where lie several small territories, Tibetan in ponies had to pass, two or more trees side by side speech and in population, and Buddhist, across the chasm, formed a sufficient bridge. In or more correctly Lamaist, in religion. Part of the side valleys an enormous rope of twigs and these territories is under direct British rule, as grass is often the only means of crossing a river.

for instance La- :'~'~~~~'~"';JfQ~·~.q51l'f~~·UjQl ~·~·"tlI·~a·~~·nj'~~~·Q~-t' houl, in which lies the Moravian ~ Mission station ~~~'I:i~..q~'~1J} 1~~W~~~'~~~~ 1~~·~"'I·AI·ii~~i~SI'r,(·qr,~· of Kyelang. Part is under the Ma- ~~:c·~·~·~l;·.fInJ·U~J,;·~·~;r~~~~ '¥I'~~['a'!~~~'~~r:f34f(nrA1¥'~ I harajah of Kash- LlJh·~~·~~4I'~sr~~~·qa·~~~~ll!?~.,~J:r~Z:·~~~~~~~I¥~4J I mir, roughly the Indus Valley, in ~q~~~.tQ·~l~~·e'3~~~~~ilI(l';~~J ~~'~~~~;;rif~~1 11 which Leh and K hal a t s e are THE LORD'S PRAYER PRIXTED IX TlBETA:T found; part is The Iniss ion preHses in 'Vpst Himalaya are printing portions of the ScriptufPS under little ra- and the lll"issionaries distribute thenl, sending' thelll over tl1e border into Tibet.

jahs. Through a Where even that is lacking, he who would pass to the other side must trust himself to the inflated considerable hide of the yak and paddle across with hands and feet. There is no vehicle on wheels in the whole stretch nomads country except a hand-cart which a Christian ar- tisan made for himself in the town of Leh. wander with "Cloudless Ladak," of which Leh is the capital, their flocks and would be a desert, if man had not learned to use the streams to irrigate the sand and the silt that herds, who are Bl'nDHIST PRAYER-:flLL forms a delta at every place where a brook joins supposed to be its river. No rain can come from the north, and subject to some Inscribed with the nlost popular the monsoons that beat upon the southern face of ruler, but live prayer. Om…llani Pad1l1e hHH~, sup- the Himalayas, nourishing the marvelous vegetatheir own life in posed to mean "Oh, jewel in the lotus," tion of the lower levels, and covering the mounthe freedom of gvery turn of the "mill" is supposed tain-tops with snow, seldom send more than a to repeat the prayer; every repetition sprinkle of snow above that giant wall that of the prayer adds to the merit of the stretches more than a thousand miles across their one praying. path. The side valleys on the south are green to the edge of the snow, but the valleys between the mountain, valley, and plateau which nobody covets two mountain-chains are barren, except where man has made the desert fruitful by leading the and few ever see. water of the torrent along tiny channels to the places where he can make a field or a garden. A great part of this land of Western Tibet, or There he plants his apricot trees which supply him with fruit and oil, some willows and poplars Little Tibet, as it is sometimes called, lies be- for timber and fuel, and some barley for his chief food. His fires are mostly fed with dried dung, tween the two main ranges of the Himalayas and his cattle and ponies feed on chaff and such where the long sand valley, thousands of feet above sea-level, is guarded on either side by rocky mountains capped with eternal snows. The passes by which communication with the outside world is possible all lie more than 11,000 feet above the sea and are impassable in winter except along the Indus and the Sutlej Rivers. Through this route the dak-runners carry the mails at the risk of their lives through avalanche, torrent, and landslide.

The inland rivers have a regular tide; for, being fed by the mountain-snow, they rise with the ris- ing sun, and fall as it sets. Until the European . * Plates to illustra.te this article are loaned by The lIIoravian .Zf.'I-is- scant herbage as can be found on the mountain- /:l lO lwry, Bf'thlehem, Pa.

[ 185 ]

side. Where lowland animals would perish of the face of the demons which swarm everywhere hunger, they manage to pick up a livelihood. the sacred Buddhist formula: Om mani padme hum ("Oh Jewel in the lotus !"). Mani walls In such a country the population is necessarily are covered with the same words as a further sparse. It is further kept down by sending one safeguard. This spell is considered so powerful son from every home into a Lamaist monastery.

that it is printed millions of times on cotton or paper and wound round the spindles of barrels large and small, known as prayer-wheels, which whirl in the bed of a stream day and night, or are turned by the hand of priest or nun in the temple, or by the laity as they pass along the road, or sit by the wayside. As the prayer-wheel revolves, all the virtue of all the prayers it con- tains, is thought to add to the merit of him who turns it, or of the rich man who had it made.

Among these people the aim of life is to acquire merit; ,for by merit the position of every living thing is deter- mined in all the six spheres of exist- ence-among gods, titans, men, ani- mals, tortured souls, and denizens of BUDDHIST DEVIL DANCERS OF TIBET hell. By merit Buddha left the Wheel who assist in torturing souls of the departed. The Tibetan religion is one of fear of Life with its endless rebirths and from which missionaries al'~s t7e~~~I~~ If~dJ~~~SP~~;f8{.nto the light of God's love, entered Nirvana, and only by merit can his disciples follow him. This is gained Even so, the number of men exceeds that of the by the use of the rosary and prayer-wheel, by women, some of whom are nuns.. As a result the pilgrimages and prostrations, by reading holy custom of polyandry prevails, and the wife of the books and hearing them read, even when sixty eldest son is the wife of all the brothers who live monks seated in a circle read aloud at the same at home. These husbands are, in turn, often absent. time sixty different pages to get the merit of Their houses are built of stone and are roofed in with branches and twigs covered with earth stamped down till it is hard. Flat stones are also used where these are available. Such roofs would be useless in a country where rain falls often and heavily. The little snow in winter is allowed to lie until spring, and then is shoveled off the roof before it melts. Stairways are made either of rough stone, or of a notched tree. The cattle-shed is below, the hu- man dwelling above. The interior is dark and cheerless, so that the roof is, as it were, the best room. Since arable land is scarce, the village is built on the rock.

The approach to a village is marked by conical structures of solid masonry A CIImSTIA~ SEWING SCHOOL AT LEH called "chortens," intended to be relic- holders, and usually containing miniature images sixty pages simultaneously. Still more merit is made of clay and the ashes of a saint. Prayer- gained by living as a hermit a life of contempla- flags, large and small, are seen on the side of tion, or by being immured in a monastery to live the road, on the chortens, on the houses, and on and die in the dark without speech or sight of the cairn at the top of the pass. These flap into one's fellowmen.

19331 ON THE EDGE OF A GREAT CLOSED LAND

Merit may be lost by means as mechanical as shadowed by Padmasambhava, the queller of de- those by which it is gained, so that few can know mons, who was called into the country from India on which side the balance lies. To take the life of in 747 to conquer the demons who were the dread the meanest creature entails loss of merit; for of the people. He marched through the land vanwho knows what soul was incarnate in that crea- quishing his enemies by the power of his spells ture? The beggar does not thank his benefactor and of the dorje, the emblem of the thunderbolt, for alms, but regards himself as the benefactor which is stilI one of the symbols of the priestly who gave the other the opportunity of gaining power. Padmasambhava founded "The Religion,"

merit by his gift. The giver dare not refuse, for as Lamaism is called, and built the first monastery. to do so would entail loss of merit. Thus all moral Today there are monasteries which are said to standards are confused. The missionary may lay contain as many as 10,000 lamas, and from end to down his life in unselfish service, but the people end of the land the lama rules the lives of the among whom he lived never think of him as unself- people. No important event in the family, in soish, for he was "reaping merit," which is the ciety, or in religion can take place without his crown of life. Christ Himself, when He gave knowledge and his participation. He quells the Himself to suffering and death for the salvation demons, as the founder of his order did, or permits of the world, is considered to have been simply them to work their will on the disobedient. In gaining merit for Himself. They believe that all devil-dances, performed by priests in hideous His love, and all His life, suffer- ~~~s ~~~n~~at~~rcO~~r~el~sH~~t ,-'~'" _>.~O".. ~ .::.:.,:>:::~'~~:;:::-:~~X;'::::':-':~-':!··~::"·~·"'-'f'-~'':.

communicable. He could be an '11>– .. •….", ..,…. "- .(,i);· .•…. ~. '<..- ". "H I"~r.'o:"e…l…-..!.-·.".'.t·;·. ~1o~,tl..,".4,:.·l~' . I", .. "•… _…….. . I ('f !- t' ,…. "'J V ; ~,/ t •.(:5 S"".,..,,h.J,ti< example, as Buddha was, but ~.>,~. ;, ; . ", I •• , • 1. ••' '",: • '< • . '- •.••.

'nothIO ng more. ,,,,,ll…,._L '.,••-J ~ ('hutjtK-~i,.c1.f.#n.~,j~;';''='''·'-'9 ~".',_' ."'L, TL.b~t. o E ven hJeersuI.ns 'hteeaavcehnI',n. gIS 0u.fnlnGt0edI,- ,.'.~..'<,,-,-, J"o:Bt…ol aa.lC.D ….r… •: ur F at 0 ;j~b<£~< ,<I,,<iI, ~ , W..t" . – .s;m~ .,~'l.,. ligible to them at first; for the "-…?,l;1J r….I… 0 '?; ", ) 1. ",10<) V A.~~A=::::::;: Sc..}e.. '1"0"'''''''' I. , .Yt::J.~ , …… . . _~ Tibetan gods, the Lhas, are not · '.-".7"",/:"~~;~':''':'r, ./ r. good in a moral sense. All the g.j""" ". !tJ:…,.s", resources of spells and magic are …..—–, .9n.t;", '……'.l..c·~.:'/.··.~.:".",~..:,}:~i''-'r..1S~-;!;….:…~•..o./../…. '

needed to guard mankind against their spite when they are angry. ………._._J ……. — If a Lha (god) is to escape from T lI3E T AlD TH E WEST HIMALAY A M ISS JO:-< the Wheel of Life, he must be· Kyelang, found ed 185B; Chot, 1897; Leh , ] 885 ; Kh a a tse, 1899 ; a nd Poo, 1865 , come a man and live the life of a Buddha. Then masks, he sets forth the power of the demons to do he too may be saved. When the great mission- harm, if the strong lama, the Superior One, is not ary, Jaeschke, translated the New Testament into there; and proclaims their powerlessness in his Tibetan, he pondered long before he could decide presence. He controls the demons by assuming what word to use for God. At last he chose the aspect of princes of demons, and the saying: "Kon-chog" (dkon-mcog) , a word which really "He casteth out devils by Beelzebub, the prince of designated "The Most Precious Thing." This the devils," would seem to them to be a compliment comprises the triad of Buddhism-the Buddha, and not a reproach. giver of the law; the scriptures that contain his teaching; the priesthood that mediates on his Their power in the last resort is founded upon teaching. Jaeschke thus justifies his choice in their teaching of metempsychosis. The fear of all his dictionary: the possibilities of rebirth, backed by the fears of a demon-ridden land, keep the people in subjection As the original and etymological signification of the to those who claim to know the way of safety, and word is no longer current, so to every Tibetan dkon- have power to put fear into the rebellious. m.cog -suggests the idea of some supernatural power, the existence ·of which he feels in his heart, and the na. Against this ancient and mighty system are ture and properties of which he attributes more or less contending a handful of Moravian missionaries. to the three agents mentioned above, we are fully en- The pioneers, Heyde and Pagell, were sent to titled to assign to the word dkon-rneog also the signifi· Mongolia in 1853 to begin a mission that should cation of God, though the sublime conception which the work eastwards to meet the missionaries in China Bible connects with this word, viz, that -of a personal, who were moving westwards from the coast. Rusabsolute, omnipotent being, will only with the spread sia refused to let them pass through her territory, of Christianity be gradually introduced and e,stab· and after repeated efforts to get through from lished. India, they asked permission to stay in Western Tibet, where they found themselves held up once But in Tibetan Buddhism, the Master is over-

more. They founded Kyelang in Lahoul and Poo shut off from the rest of the world four or five in Kunawur, close to the frontier of the Closed months in the year, and in spite of the perplexing Land. The Church sent out J aeschke, its greatest variety of dialects in a mountainous region, the linguist, to master the language, produce a dic- sense of the message gets through by the aid of tionary, and translate the Bible. He died in 1883, pictures and lanterns. when he had completed all the New Testament, except Hebrews, having chosen as his vehicle from Sometimes the seeming impossibility of the among the many dialects the literary form of task of dealing with the power of Lamaism, not classical Tibetan. His work has been carried on to mention the Hinduism and Mohammedanism by his successors, until the completion of the Old that have followed the trader and the State official Testament is in sight, and thanks to the initial especially in Leh, almost sap one's courage. The fight between David and Goliath was on even terms in comparison with this. But in a service in one of these little congregations, and espe- cially at a celebration of the communion, faith returns; for these Ladakh Christians also were Buddhists; now there has been a new creation.

The oldest station of the Mo- ravians in Asia is Kyel.ang in La- hou!' This has served as the base for wide itineration and for visits to Triloknath, a sacred place of pilgrimage. Some who have heard Christ preached there have gone to Kyelang to be taught more fully. One of the Christians has taken charge of the work as an unpaid volunteer on two occasions when there was no missionary available.

Poo, the second station, had to be closed a few years ago, chiefly on account of the economic circum- THE VILLAGE OF poa, 0::1 THE BORDER OF TIBET Evangelists stances in the Sutley Valley; but there are still Christians there Founded in lRH5, the missionary work was abandoned tenlporarily ill j 92-1. who do not figure on the official in 1930 and 1931 founded a revival of interest.

list. The village is only eight miles work of Jaeschke and the help of three educated from Tibet, which has been entered more than once Tibetans, members of one family, the third of from there, especially on errands of mercy. Since 1904 the British Government has been pledged to prewhom is one of the first two ordained Tibetan vent all Europeans from crossing the border. Conpastors, there will be a translation of the Bible, sidering the disadvantages under which they labor, as Dr. Francke said, which can rank with the the Christians who have remained faithful without Tibetan classics, as the English, and German the support of a missionary must have learned well, Bibles rank foremost among the classics of their so that their faith in Christ has not failed. respective lands. The greatest success has been achieved in Leh, the Reckoned by numbers the Church of Western capital of Ladak. Two native ministers who were Tibet, the fruit of the work of nearly eighty years ordained in 1920 were members of this congregation.

is very small; but it is not the whole of the fruit. Most of the evangelists have sprung from there; so The mission schools have done their share, though have the dispenser at the hospital and the native they have now mostly passed into the hands of the nurse. The latter once said of one of the two native State, except as far as the girls are concerned. ministers: "He gives us soul-food." Every day an Some heathen customs and conceptions have van- address is given at the hospital to the patients who come for treatment. As manY as 600 (sometimes ished for very shame before the face of the Chris- more) come from Turkestan in the few months when tian missionary. Copies of tracts and of the Gos- the passes are open, and over 100 from India. Leh is pels have found their way into Tibet and Nepal a trading center visited from far and near. It is imand into the monasteries themselves. A Tibetan possible to track the results of this daily preaching of news-sheet has carried new facts and new the Gospel by EUropeans and Tibetans. The opposithoughts into Tibetan villages. Evangelizing tion of the lamas is strong, and the people take little tours have taken the Gospel into valleys that are interest in religion, whether th!)ir own or ours.

Liberating India's Outcastes*

By the REV. JAMES F. EDWARDS, Poona, India Editor 0/ the Dnyanodaya; Principal of United Theological College of Western India H UNDREDS of Hindu temples all over India touchability, and not on a comparatively small are at last being opened to India's untouch- issue." ables, in spite of orthodox opposition. Sol- The explanation of India's new attitude toemn resolutions are being passed by caste people wards the outcaste seems to include at least three of all grades that they will cease to reckon anyone factors in bringing about the revolution: the pa- as low merely because of birth. Weare in the tient work of the Indian social reformers; the midst of that social, moral and religious revolu- influence of the British Government and of other tion, the unmistakable signs of which. have been civilizing influences from the West; the work of long detected by discerning eyes. Christian missionaries and the Indian Church.

We see the birth of the new India of missionary The first two of these factors have been deeply dreams, just as the birth of modern Japan was influenced by the third.

heralded in the middle of the last century by the India's social reformers, with invincible opti- noble Samurai class relinquishing the rights they mism, have plodded on with their colossal task.

possessed by virtue of dignity and birth. The editor of the Indian Social Reformer, presid- For caste and all its evils, India has to thank ing at the fortieth National Social Conference, the Hindu faith. The roots of caste go deep down said that he could even then "hear almost every into the Hindu theory of karma which holds the day some part of this medireval system crashing outcaste status to be the punishment for evil deeds to the ground as if struck down by unseen hands."

done in a former existence. Hence, for two thou- On the historic 24th of September when India sand years Hinduism has been the negation of from end to end was trembling for fear lest nationality, split up into 2,300 separate castes. Gandhi should die of the fast he had begun four The denationalizing power of untouchability is days earlier, the Reformer came out with one of clear from the numbers of the outcastes-the lat- the greatest articles in the history of Indian jour- est estimate being 62,000,000. nalism, giving unanswerable facts to support its The Indian Christian Church itself has not es- contention against "Self-Immolation As a Method caped the blighting curse of caste. Sadhu Sundar of Social Reform." Mr. Gandhi himself has for Singh said that the spirit of caste in the Church years had the orthodox pundits fulminating was like elephantiasis in the Church's feet. The against him for his campaign against untouchconverted Brahmin, the late Rev. NiIkanth Nehe- ability, though his campaign has been weakened 'miah Goreh, said that "Christianity with caste by his repeated view that "the caste system is in- herent in human nature." would be no Christianity at all." . . .

Some people speak of the new revolution in Anti-untouchability also owes so much to the India regarding the untouchables as if the revo- influence of the British Government in India. A lution had been accomplished on September 24th well-known Indian writer belonging to the high by the Poona Pact and in virtue of Gandhi's vow caste wrote recently: "The depressed classes to "fast unto death" unless some of the disabili- would have lived in perpetual serfdom, or far ties of the outcastes were removed. The strain of worse than serfdom, if India had not been placed political untouchability still remains in the sepa- under British rule." A few years ago, Sir George rate register for untouchables. in the primary Curtis, then a member of the Bombay Governor's elections approved by Gandhi in the Poona Pact. Council, when a bill was before the House pro- Sir Chimanlal Setalvad, chairman of the Western posing to give to untouchables throughout the India Liberal Association says: "One wishes that Bombay presidency the common rights of using Mr. Gandhi had used the sledge-hammer method public wells and of their children attending public of his fast for the main issue, the removal of un- day schools,' narrated the following incident: Just after the World War it fell to him to nomi- . • Freely quoted from a recent editorial by Dr. James F. Edwards I!) the J]nyononaya, nate on behalf of the Government such members [ 189]

as were needed to ensure all classes of the popu- Every province in India supplies testimony to the lation being represented on the Local Municipal power of Jesus Christ -to uplift those depressed Council. As there had just returned from the war classes who constitute one fifth of the Hindu popuan outcaste who had done notable service for his lation. The Indian Bishop of Dornakal says that country, Sir George thought it fitting he should be among the Telugu-speaking outcastes of Andhra nominated and the Government confirmed the Desa there are no less than 800,000 followers of nomination. After the appointment all the other Jesus Christ, the fruit of at least six missionary members of the Council, being caste people, sent societies. The greatest triumph of the Indian in a representation, requesting that in future all outcaste is that with Christ in his heart and life the business of the Council be done by correspond- he is attracting to Christ the Sudra caste people ence, since they could not tolerate the idea of sit- so successfully that the latter are coming to Christ ting with an untouchable in the Council. Their :'in groups, families and villages," about 26,000 of request was not granted. such people having been attracted to Jesus during "the last five or ten years." First among "the rea- The Chris,tian Influence sons that have led these people Christward" Dr. Azariah places "the attractive power of the life The Christian influence in India's silent revo- of the Christians of outcaste origin." He sees lution reveals the truth that caste, untouchability "the marvelous operation of God the Holy Spirit" and communalism are all plain denials of Christ's in the change that leads those "only a few years principle of brotherhood. The late Maharajah of ago proud and haughty, insolent and insulting in Kolhapur, who by common consent was the leader their manner to Christians and Christian teachers, of India's untouchables, said that it was necessary now to sit in church and chapel and to receive the "to dethrone the Brahmins in order to enthrone holy sacrament without any thought of the caste the Indian nations." When asked why he was origin of the co-recipients or of the ministering." eliminating caste regulations from his State, he "This is the God I am going to worship and to replied that he got the idea in the Presbyterian serve henceforth," said an earnest seeker after Mission Hospital at Miraj. The present Mahara- God who had watched a congregation in prayer jah of Kolhapur has issued an order that un- and who then heard "the story of God suffering touchability is now no longer to be recognized in for men on the Cross." No wonder that the greatthe Kolhapur State. Many years ago Mr. B. G. est triumph of the Indian outcaste is the triumph Tilak, though no friend of Christians, said pub- in and through them of their redeeming Christ. licly in Bombay that Christian missionaries were the only people who had done what was right by Along with this outcaste movement to Christ, the outcastes. is the wonderful movement among the caste peo- ple that began in 1926 and shows no signs of abat- Thousands of facts show that Jesus Christ is the ing. In the past five years, no less than 7,234 liberator of India's outcastes. India's own re- caste Hindus have received Christian baptism. formers, Mr. Gandhi included, show that Jesus has been the chief inspiration of their beneficent The outcaste Christians of the village of Ancampaigns. As the vice-principal of the Rajaram naram have built with their own hands a church College said a few years ago, Jesus Christ is more to seat 250 people without a penny of cost to the and more regarded as "the greatest son of Asia." Missionary Society.

RIGHTS OF THE DEPRESSED CLASSES The untouchables in India equal in number about one half the population of the United States. They are kept in menial servitude and are deprived of many rights of human beings- material, social, political, educational and religious.

These "depressed classes" are now demanding complete adult suffrage, representation on all local legislative bodies on a population basis, special grants for education, and the right to appeal to the Government over any neglect of their interest in education, sanitation or public service. One great question still remains unsolved-the electorate in the Native States. They are still deprived of their rights in Government schools, the free use of village wells, admis- sion to temples, equality in trade and employment and in social fellowship. India has still a long road to travel before equality and justice are established and before the principles of Christ are accepted as the basis for human relationship-to say nothing of the relation of man to God as revealed in Jesus Christ.

the Teacher's House Was

By the REV. GLENN B. OGDEN, Kasganj, U. P., India Missiol1ary of the Presbyterial1 Church, U. S. A.

I N SAIDPUR village there is no high and low for their sick; to explore ways of getting out of caste problem for there are only Chamars the hands of the money lender, to do any such in- living there. They are all farmers though one dependent thing seems to them a very dangeror two of them work part time at making shoes. ous procedure. They are pigeon-hearted, fearful, They are a simple untutored folk with capacities trembling, but one can scarcely blame them. for loyalty, love and faith only partly developed. Their When Mrs. Ogden for the lives are dominated by feai., first time visited their women not so much the fear that and children, talked to them, spiritual darkness engenders gave simple medicines for the many minor illnesses which but fear of their landlord. she found, they took the medi- This landlord is the typical cines gladly, only to throw "big fat baniya" as they call them away a short time after him, who lives in the neigh- the "Memsahiba" had left the boring town of Soron. He village. Someone had frightdoes no work himself, but ened them by a ridiculous loans money to needy farm- rumor: "They have taken ers and is satisfied with your pictures and will send 37%;10 interest for a year! them to their own country. Always ready to loan five or You are now all made mem- ten or even fifty dollars to bers of the pakka (strong any ignorant farmer on these religion). Have nothing to terms; no receipts are given; do with this medicine or you all the papers rest in his will become socially unclean."

strong box. The villagers Out went all the medicines cannot read or write. They and even the salve.

give only thumb impressions Truly the Sahib had taken on stamped papers when a – — – their pictures. A little openm 0 n e y transaction takes air school had, at their own A FIRST VISIT TO A CHAMAR'S VILLAGE place. As long as they do the request, been started in very landlord's bidding and remain his willing slaves primitive conditions. A teacher who was going the Zamindar treats them with consideration; about the country as a Sadhu, doing free and inbut let them cross him in word or deed and there dependent work, was available so long as they is much to pay. One or two henchmen do some would feed him and give him a hut in which to sound beating of thinly clad backs, and he brings live. Progress was being made. Many boys were suit against them for collection of big and long- taught at noon when they came in for food and standing debts. Since all the papers have re- rest after a morning in the fields. Even some mained with him and they have trusted him to of the older youths were eager to do the same at write in the proper amounts, they may find them-· night when the day's work was done. All was selves hopelessly involved in a lawsuit that, if it moving along smoothly and everything looked goes against them, will cripple them for life. hopeful; but there was that landlord who had Any signs of interest in the good things of the been off to a mela, or fair, for ten days or more.

Christian fellowship is an unusual experience for Upon his return he was told that all his people them. To start a school with the help of a friend- in this village were in danger of becoming ly babu (teacher); to receive the missionary and bhangis (a term as hateful as nigger) Christians.

his wife in a friendly way, or receive medicines He immediately decided that the teacher must be [191 ]

driven out of that village at all costs. It was no flames shot up. Then off they went to be at home concern to him that boys from little Piyare up to and quietly asleep. Fifteen roofs burned; fifteen big Baldeo were having their first opportunity to families were left for the most part without learn to read and write. He did not like it that covering or protection against the biting chill of there was a possibility of several literates coming the winter nights. Fifteen families were cast' out of that village. Still less did he fancy the into distress of poverty with their houses ruined. possibility of their becoming Christians and cut Who will help? Will the landlord? No. The fox off from the Hindu political fold. As an ardent tried to make out that the people had fired their Nationalist of the civil disobedience type he has own roofs so as to be able to bring a case against been in jail for his Gandhi activities. Least of him and thus rebel against his authority. all did he like to think of a possible day when the people of his village would become independent But there was help forthcoming, though meaof him and his money bag and might get out from ger. There is a small Christian group in Soron under his heavy heel. and another in Kasganj. Offerings were taken to go with money that friends from America sent in little gifts. New blankets, very rough and coarse but nevertheless warm, were procured for those that could not possibly buy new ones for themselves; grain was bought for those whose pitifully small store- was burned and parched underneath falling grass roofs afire; a grind- stone or two was provided for those whose stones were cracked by the heat and so cut off their flour supply; new ridge poles were brought for those who had not had time to pull down their roofs and save the precious poles; new grass thatch was given those who could not make ar- rangements for themselves.

THE OPEN AIR SCHOOL AT SAIDPUR "Drive that man out of your village at once or MEM-SAHIB CONDUCTING AN OPEN AIR CLINIC it will be a sorry day for you," he ordered. "Beat him, kill him, if necessary, but don't you dare to A little help, but how welcome and timely; it let him stay. If he does not get out of here and made human hearts glad. Who can tell the rethat right soon his house will be burned over his suIts? A new spirit of courage and independence head. We don't want that young devil here." and integrity has already begun to appear as they This is a weak sample of the gali he gave them thought: Are we after all men and not someone's and the abuse he heaped upon the head of the abject slaves? Is it possible that the days of our teacher and those who had placed him there. affliction are nearing an end? What is there in this Christian religion that makes people help us? Midnight came and all was well. A half hour We would see more and learn more. Do not leave later great flames leapt up into the neem tree us now. We are still in danger of that landlord's that stands near the babu'8 house. machinations. Stand by us and stand with us.

"Wake up and get out of there in a hurry!" cried a friendly neighbor of Babu Lall. "Your roof is on fire. Will you stay in there and be burned up with all your bedding and books?" shouted the man.

The threat had been carried out. Late in the night two quiet-moving forms might have been seen carrying a smoldering piece of dried dung cake, placing it in quietly among the thatch straws on the rear side of the house, away from all observers. Then they quietly slipped away to a neighboring field to watch till the first vigorous

Is New in China?

By the REV. CHESTER B. RAPE, B.Sc.

For twenty-four years a Missionary in China mzder the Methodist Episcopal Church W HEN Mrs. Rape and I first went to China Shanghai has proved, they make excellent fight- in 1908 we were surprised that we were ers. not called upon to pass the usual quarantine or customs inspections, and that our pass- While no one can foretell what will be the outports were not called for. After a week in Shang- come of the present struggle between China and hai, outfitting ourselves for life in a semi-tropical Japan, I am sure that there will be at least two important results. In the first place, this strug- climate, we started on our long journey into the gle will unite the various factions in China as interior, a journey which was to take us more nothing else could do. That is already taking than fifty days. As we traveled westward up the place. In my own province of Szechuen for sevgreat Yangtze River, we stopped at many large eral years there have been more than three hun- cities and passed by hundreds of towns and vil- dred thousand soldiers. In order to support this lages. Only in one place, Ichang, one thousand vast standing army, when Mrs. Rape and I left miles inland from Shanghai, were any questions there about a year ago, land taxes had been colwhatsoever asked. Not once in a long journey lected in advance to the year 1952. These solof fifteen hundred miles did we see a soldier or diers are divided among three Chinese generals, the national flag which, at that time, was a black or military lords, as we call them. About a year dragon on a yellow background. ago one of our missionaries wrote that one of On my last journey up the Yangtze in March, these generals had become disgruntled because 1930, I took the steamer at Nanking, the capital he thought he was not getting his share of the of the new China. As I drove from the campus provincial revenues. Therefore he declared war of Nanking University down a broad boulevard, on the other two. Troops were everywhere on a memorial to Dr. Sun Yat Sen, the new national the move and it looked as if civil war could not emblem was everywhere in evidence. Smartly be averted. Suddenly a wireless message was dressed military officers dashed about in the latest received from Shanghai announcing that the models of American cars, with armed guards Japanese had invaded Manchuria. At once these clinging to the running-boards. Soldiers filled three military lords called a conference, settled the streets. As our boat, a British vessel, left their own differences and sent a joint telegram the port of Nanking she dipped her flag to three to the national government in Nanking offering modern, up-to-date Chinese warships in the har- their hearty and united support against Japan.

bor. As we journeyed westward, we saw thou- This struggle will probably confirm the Chinese sands upon thousands of soldiers everywhere; in the belief that the only way they can secure every city, town and village was decorated with justice from the rest of the world is "to arm to the new national flag. the teeth." This is fraught with the gravest of Recently, after a noted European diplomat had danger to the peace of the entire world. Latest visited China and had seen several of the prov- government statistics state that there are now inces, someone asked him what impressed him 474,000,000 people in China. That is one-fourth most. His immediate reply was, "Soldiers, sol- of the population of the entire globe. They candiers, soldiers." You cannot get out of sight of not "arm to the teeth" without having a very soldiers anywhere in China today. You hear the decided reaction upon the peace of the rest of eternal blowing of their bugles from early morn- the world. In his book, "The New Crisis in the ing until late at night. There are in China today Far East," Stanley High says: more than two and one-half million men under China had counted for her security upon the peace arms. To be sure, many of them are poorly machinery.of this post-war world. . . . If China is equipped and ill-trained, but as Chinese Gordon forced into militarism it will be either because the 80proved long ago, and as the recent fighting around called Christian nations of the West have not been [193 ]

Christian enough to secure fairness for her, or be- ping anchor in the harbor for thirty minutes, cause the Christians 'of China, weakened by the weak- and a tax of fifty cents on each parcel and case ening missionary activity, have not been able to stem of cargo carried. On nearing Chungking, my the rapidly mounting tide of nationalist extremism. destination, fifteen hundred miles inland, the first thing that greeted our eyes was an immense sign I pray God that America and Europe may show painted on the city wall, "Down with Imperial- China a better way than war. I have faith ism." Not even the fact that I had resided in enough in the reasonableness of the Chinese to that city for more than twenty years and was believe that if we will only show them that way, well known, saved my baggage from a final inthey will follow. The responsibility is ours. spection.

On arrival at Ichang in 1930, three different The Contrast-1908 and 1930 searching parties boarded our boat. My baggage A TYPICAL STRIDET Di OLD CHUNGKIKG-NARROW, How shall we account for the differences be- DARK, FILTHY tween the years 1908 and 1930? In 1908 China had been for more than two hundred and sixty was inspected not only when I left the first vessel years subject to an alien race, the Manchus. Conon which I had traveled, but again when I em- currently for decades she had been under the barked on a smaller boat which was to take us economic domination and exploitation of various through the famous gorges of the upper Yangtze, foreign powers. Consequently, there was no such the most beautiful scenery in all the world. thing as patriotism. Then, thanks to forty years Across the river from Ichang the whole side of of untiring efforts on the part of Dr. Sun Yat Sen, a mountain was covered with the words twenty- the father of the new China, the Manchu yoke five feet in height, worked in cement, announc- was thrown off in 1911. For fifteen years revoluing to all far and near, "Away with Unequal tion followed revolution until in 1926 that mili- Treaties," "Finish the Establishment of the Re- tary genius, General Chiang Kai-shek, won vicpublic," "Complete the Education of the People." tory after victory and the present Nationalist You will find slogans like these all over China Government was established. today, and they are having tremendous effect in arousing the millions of that land. There is much to be desired in China today, but conditions are not nearly so bad as the Amer- At Wanhsien, twelve hundred miles from ican newspapers would lead us to believe. The Shanghai, our vessel was subjected to a rigid wonder is that conditions have not been worse search by six different government bureaus. We during the last fifteen or twenty years. When a were forced to pay seventy-five dollars for drop- nation of more than four hundred and seventy million people are struggling to be reborn, can this be accomplished without pain and trouble? Think of the chaos that followed our own Amer- ican Revolution, or the French Revolution which was infinitely worse! China, during the last twenty years, has been in travail. After another decade or two, I am confident that China, if left alone by outside influences, will become a strong, vigorous nation that will benefit the whole world.

The present Nationalist Government really has the interests of the masses very much at heart. It has already accomplished phenomenal things and no wonder. Ex-President Chiang Kai-shek and his wife are both Christians. Recently, one of our missionaries who has been working in Nanking for more than forty years wrote that day after day she had been attending a prayer meeting in the home of President and Mrs. Chiang. And for what did they pray? That China might be able to overcome Japan in the present struggle? No; they had something more important than that. They prayed that the lead- ers of China might be given divine guidance; that the masses might be uplifted and brought to a saving knowledge of Jesus Christ.

At the Eastern Asia Central Conference of the

WHA'l' IS NEW IN CHINA'?

Methodist Church in Nanl{ing in March, 1930, Three Principles of the People," namely, Na- General Chang Chih-chiang led our devotional tionalism, Democracy, and the People's Liveli- exercises one morning, and gave one of the most hood, and they must pass examinations set by inspiring addresses of that conference. On the government inspectors. This is one of the big- Sunday when Dr. John Goudy and Dr. Wang gest pieces of educational work that the world Chih-ping were consecrated as bishops, two of has ever known. With the young people thor- General Chang's children were baptized. Dur- oughly aroused and awake, it is no wonder that ing the last two years General Chang has given we have a new public consciousness, real patriot- over twenty-six thousand dollars for the distribu- ism, in China today. The Christian Church has tion of the Scriptures in the Chinese language. had a very great influence on the moral and in- Had I time I might mention several other men, tellectual life of the Chinese through its mission now prominent in the national or provincial gov- schools.

ernments, who are strong Christian men. Physical Changes in China China today is new politically. When we first In the third place, China is rapidly becoming went to China the Manchus were still in power new physically. There is a perfect mania for with the old Empress Dowager, Tzu Rsi, still on the building of motor roads, and for the rebuildthe throne. Today these Christian leaders are do- ing of entire cities. The province of Szechuen, ing the best they can to establish a real republican the largest and most westerly of all the provform of government. I am glad that Christianity is having a real part in the remaking of China.

Second.-In China today there is a new public consciousness and real patriotism. For more than twenty years I have been connected with our large school for boys in Chungking. During the first few years we never had one patriotic holi- day. There was nothing to be patriotic about.

But not so with the new China 1 In the fall and winter of 1928, we had thirty-nine such holidays in one term. They were coming three and four each week, but as soon as the new Nationalist Government became strong, the Ministry of Edu- cation took up the question of holidays and de- cided that there should be only eight holidays In A :-.1EW WiDE STREll.'T-SEUAN CHA i R A N D AuTOMOBILE a year. They established a penalty for any in- stitution that closed on any other day. Since inces of China, is five times as large as the State then we have had no further trouble with this of Ohio. It has a population of seventy million super-patriotism of our Chinese students. But I people. Eight years ago there was not a mile of do not blame those young people. China had been good roads in all that province, and wheeled ve- deprived of holidays for two hundred and sixty hicles were unknown among those seventy million years. Why not make up for a few they had lost? people. Our roads were mere stone-paved paths, Students in all schools are now required to and when you came to a hill or a mountain there gather once each week for a half hour's patriotic were stone steps up one side and down the other.

service. The program is very simple: In the You could not use even a wheelbarrow on such front of each auditorium are displayed the pic- roads.

ture of Dr. Sun Yat Sen and the national flag. For more than twenty years I have been living The student body arises, makes three elaborate in Chungking-a city of eight hundred thousand bows to the flag and picture, very much as we people, fifteen hundred miles up the Yangtze salute the flag in this country. This is followed River, and one thousand miles from the nearest by three minutes of silent prayer, after which accessible railroad. It is surrounded by a great they sing the national anthem, and repeat Dr. stone wall from thirty to forty feet thick and Sun's will. The meeting closes with a report by from fifty to sixty feet high. This wall is pierced a government representative on the progress of by nine massive gates that are closed at night and government policies throughout the land. Not in times of trouble. The city is built on a nar- only is a program like this followed in the row ridge between two rivers, the Yangtze and schools, but also in Chambers of Commerce, busi- Railing.

ness men's conventions, and in all public gather- Until the year 1928, the streets had been nar- ings. row, dark and filthy. There were thousands of Students from the elementary grades through stone steps up and down the hilly streets. In to the colleges are all required to study "The 1927 our military officials gave notice that they

were going to rebuild that great city. In Chinese roads in the province of Szechuen. Today there cities there are no lawns, no parkways. Houses are already completed three thousand miles of and places of business are built on the street line. well-surfaced roads, and twenty-five hundred The people were forced to tear down their houses more miles are now under construction. Several and stores, move back from five to thirty feet; American and European Gompanies have their give that land to the city; rebuild their houses foreign agents in Chungking, selling automobiles, and stores at their own expense and pay for the trucks and road building machinery. Of course, paving of the new wider streets. They never re- all the large oil companies have their agents ceived one cent of compensation or indemnity there. A tremendous new market has been from the government. A military government, opened up, for what I have said of Chungking at the point of a bayonet, can do most anything. and the province of Szechuen is typical of what is going on everywhere. During the last year I When we left Chungking in 1931, there were was in China we had to tear down the fronts of wide streets and avenues, rapidly being lined with eleven different churches in as many different four-story buildings. A new city ordinance re- cities, in order to make way for the widening of quires that every building erected must be at streets. least four stories in height. Where three years before wheeled vehicles had been unknown, there The struggle in China today is the most fasciwere five bus lines in operation, hundreds of cars nating in all human history. It is crowding into going everywhere, and the freight was beginning a single generation the political, economic, social and religious revolutions that took Europe and America several hundred years to complete. China is going to win, for there is in progress every kind of a revolution that the world has ever known-political, intellectual, economic, social and religious. The most insignificant are the petty political revolutions of which you read so much in American newspapers.

THE NEW EDLlCATION-ANATOMY CLASS IN WEST New China and the Church CHINA UNION UNIVERSITY Fourth.-There is a new attitude on the part of to be carried in trucks rather than on the backs the Chinese towards the Church. During the of human beings, as had been the custom for last few years the Christians in China have had centuries. to face difficulties greater than those ever faced by any church. During 1926 and 1927 especially, Remarkable as that development may seem, there was such intense anti-Christian feeling that something more remarkable has taken place out- in many places it was necessary to lock our side the city walls. For a radius of from two churches and hold meetings secretly in the homes and a half to three miles there had been one vast of the people. Incidents from the Olives of our cemetery, hundreds of thousands of graves, the workers during those years would read like cerburial place of the people of Chungking for cen- tain chapters from the Acts. But that antituries. In 1927 the military Government notified Christian storm seems to have passed and indicathe people that they were going to level these tions today are that China has never been so open graves and build a new city in order to relieve to the Gospel message. the congestion within the walls, an area of only a little over four square miles for eight hundred The physical changes are but an indication of thousand people. Three months were given in the changes going on in the hearts and minds of which to move graves of loved ones and at the the Chinese. City walls are coming down; streets expiration of that time the Government set thou- are being widened; and the light of the sun and sands of men to work levelling graves, laying out fresh air are dispelling darkness and disease. wide streets and dividing the area into city lots. But far more significant is the fact that the walls When we left this work was rapidly being com- of fear and ignorance and superstition and rigid pleted and there were wide streets lined with conservatism are coming down; today the Gostrees and lighted with electric lights at night. It pel of Jesus Christ, the Light of the world, is sounds like a story from "The Arabian Nights"! really having a chance at those millions. Thank God, thousands are being transformed by the Eight years ago there was not a mile of motor power of the Gospel.

Do you realize the full significance of the level- ling of all those graves around Chungking? For centuries ancestral worship had a very deep hold upon the Chinese. On Ching Ming, which comes

WHAT IS NEW IN CHINA?

about our Easter time, each family was required There is also a new attitude on the part of our to repair the graves of its ancestors. On two Chinese Christians in the support of the Church. different occasions each year it was necessary When I became principal of the Chungking High that certain religious rites be performed at the School in 1910, we had almost to pay the stugraves. The desecration of a grave was the most dents to attend school. We granted many of heinous crime. Only twelve years ago, one of our them free tuition and board, loaned them their missionaries caused a riot by cutting off the cor- books, and even bought clothes for some of them. ner of a grave mound when building a road to Today that institution is practically self-supporthis new residence. But during 1927 and 1928 ing. Neither has this advance interfered with our hundreds of thousands of graves were levelled Christian purpose, for the majority of the stuaround Chungking, and hardly a voice was raised dents are Christians, and there is a real Christian against it. How do you account for it? Simply atmosphere in the institution. Our hospitals have this, today the Chinese have broken with the past also made the same gain in self-support. and they are scrapping old superstitions; even ancestral worship is losing its hold on the people. The other day I received an air-mail letter which came from Chungking to Delaware, Ohio, VAST CE:VIETEf~Y orTSI DE WALLS OF CH 1;~GKI~G in twenty days. In 1908 it took us fifty-three days to make the· journey from Shanghai to This is very significant for the Christian Church, Chungking! Today we have a splendid airport for it means that they are more open to the Gos- at Chungking and regular passenger and mail pel message than ever before. But we must service between that city and the coast. But the realize, too, that China is open to all kinds of great surprise was not in this remarkable change propaganda and there never was such a need to in method of transportation, but in the message preach the Christ way of living and all that that that the letter brought. It came from our Chinese means. Christian leaders and was written in their lan- Fifth.-There is a new spirit in the Church in China. When we first went to the Chungking guage. It expressed deep sympathy with the Conference twenty-four years ago, every admin- Christian people of America during this time of istrative position in the Church was occupied by depression, and a prayer that conditions might foreign missionaries. Every district superintend- soon improve. Second: It recorded real appreciaent, every superintendent of a hospital, every tion for what the Church in America has done principal of a mission school, and many pastors for the Church in China. Third: They said that of Chinese churches were missionaries. Today they were determined to make the churches in there is not one administrative position in the the Chungking Conferences self-supporting by hands of our missionaries there. Splendidly the end of the year 1933. The letter closed with trained Chinese Christian leaders have gotten this challenge: "Our word in the face of the last under the burdens and are filling these positions cable from the Board saying there would be no with credit to themselves and to the Church. What a privilege it is for us, as missionaries, to ~EW ROAD THHOl'Gll aLl) CJC:IET~jHY Ol:TS']DE CHUNGKING cooperate with these leaders in the task of rebuilding the life of a people! What a vast differ- appropriation for our work in 1933, is, 'Go forence, too, this change has made in our lives and ward.' Weare planning to concentrate and move in our work! Never have we been on such inti- ahead." mate terms with the people. Never have we been admitted to so many homes. Never have we had Many casual observers, because of banditry, them seek our help and advice so much. And famine, civil war, and the threat of communism, never have we been so happy in our work. take a pessimistic view of the outlook in China, but I am more optimistic about China today than I have ever been during my twenty-four years of residence there. I have learned to allow a very

liberal discount for those things in present-day has been at the very center of the movement out conditions which alarm casual observers. I have of which the new China is slowly emerging." learned to place great confidence in the solid, abiding things in Chinese character and civiliza- Today China's needs are many, but her supreme tion which have endured through the centuries. need is Jesus Christ. Let Christians redouble their efforts in China. Let the many fine char- Today China is aroused as never before. The acteristics of the Chinese people be dominated by Christian Church there has an influence far be- the spirit of Jesus Christ, and there is no doubt yond the power of mere statistics to show. As as to the ultimate triumph of the cause of right- Stanley High says, "Christianity for a century eousness and peace.

A Message from African Jungles By JANET MILLER, M.D., Congo, Central Africa Author of "Jungles Preferred"; Missionary of the Methodist Episcopal Church, South I DO not bring a message from one of the great sidering the greatest good to the greatest number, metropolises of the world where life has be- consider that the richest boon of this wonderful come a chaos of specialized activities. My century is the progress made in the science of message comes from the heart of Central Africa medicine. The leaves of the tree of science have where primitive conditions prevail. been for the physical healing of the nations. This "But," perhaps you will say, "you are yourself is a fact of great personal import to each of us.

a specialist in medical science." During my last term of service in Africa a True, I am a medical missionary; but I am also strange and wonderful thing happened on the an agriculturalist. It is part of my task to teach earth-something which no prophet foretold, of the African Blackman to make a better garden which no seer dreamt. A Japanese scientist made and to improve his standard of living. a great discovery and a marvelous material gift I am also an engineer. We have built a sub- to suffering humanity on the African Gold Coast stantial reservoir in a near-by stream to conserve -a specific for yellow fever. We owe this boon drinking water. The Black people no longer drink to the hunting instinct and the sacrificiaJ labor the water in which they wash their clothes. of one man.

I am also a contractor and a carpenter. New We need to examine this primitive hunting inbuildings on our hospital reservation are con- stinct. It is a powerful driving force and an instructed under my supervision. dispensable part of our natural endowment. Let us lift it up and center it around the noble ambi- So I may claim to be in sympathy and under- tion for solving the problems not only of personal standing with men of many trades and profes- need but of international depression and despair sions. which are in the world today.

In an African jungle, where food is plentiful, Our civilization calls for courageous leadership many individual animals are seeking it. Here is which will set men at the central task of searcha huge jungle prowler who procures his food by ing for a cure for the distressing conditions which sheer strength. Another animal, a young antelope, prevail everywhere. We desperately need leaders lacking the strength of the leopard or the lion, escapes being devoured by his fleetness of foot; he lives by his wits, as verily as any human ad- who will search for life's holy places where guid- venturer. ance in this great task is to be had; leaders who Nature has implanted the hunting instinct in will call to a progressive crusade for righteousevery living creature. It is a valuable asset, for ness.

the hunting instinct is the foundation of all re- Beyond the scientific force discovered in the search work. To the hunting instinct in man we hidden resources of nature, we must find spiritual owe the best that has come to the human race power. Let us undertake the search for spiritual from the material world. resources which are seen on earth among men and Members of the medical profession, who deal women who live close to God. Let nations, as with the individual and measure progress by con- well as individuals, undergo a spiritual rebirth.

THE STORY OF KONDYABAI

To this we must look for the establishment of Some new and vitalizing principal must guide peace and prosperity upon earth. the nations through the perilous meshes of inter- national relationships. A world movement must There is a better way of dealing with interna- sensitize the hearts of men so that they will turn tional differences and depression than through to spiritual power to set things right over the courts of arbitration, valuable as they are; that habitable globe. better way is through a world-wide spiritual revival which will set to work in the hearts of men Let us search for young men in our universities a zeal which cannot rest until Jesus Christ is a who are magnificently endowed with this primiliving and life-giving reality to every man. The tive hunting instinct-this instinct for research. teachings of Christ are the only possible basis for They must be men of courageous and positive perthe era of reconstruction so desperately needed. sonalities, valiant moral warriors for the Cause of Christ, who will fight a great fight for the The realization of universal peace and prosper- Kingdom of God and His righteousness upon ity can only come as the fruit of patient devotion earth. to the propagation of the Gospel of Jesus Christ. A new dispensation in the history of the world A new era must come through the enlightened must come through men's awakening to the real- conscience of the civilized world, and through the ization that there is no remedy for the present heroic element in man, desiring the spiritual world sickness except by a great spiritual re- awakening of all peoples of whatever color or generation. Our times require the adoption of clime. Then a rational growth will begin which the Golden Rule, with a large outlook which in- will make more beautiful all human life. Let us cludes all nations of the earth. carry the Gospel of Christ to the ends of the earth, beginning with our own nation. Let Amer- During the present century the world has come ica undertake the culture of her own soul, at the to regard commercial rivalry as a necessity; a same time that she is sending her representatives domination in trade is considered a matter of to people of less fortunate lands. Every step that paramount importance. But today no such nar- leads toward that culture leads to the establishrow materialistic outlook will suffice. A more in- ment of prosperity•. telligent and more liberal policy is imperative.

The Story of Kondyabai By Mrs. F. E. G. COWHUD, Yeotmal, Berar, India Free Metbodist Mission of Nortb America T HE first stories we heard about Kondyabai Then the young and desolate mother came to were unsavory. "The Gi~ls' School" at Umbri to help with the She remembers her mother taking her to babies. She was afraid that it would break her the temple and teaching her to worship the hide- caste if she did the menial work for the children ous idols. When she was about ten years of age and it became necessary to send her away. she began to think that idols were of no value and told her mother what she thought. This After she left us she was again thrown with shocked her mother but indicated that Kondya- her own people. The contrast between the heabai's observations were keen, even in childhood. then life of the village and life of the mission compound impressed her very much, and she Kondyabai was married when a mere child, ac- came again and again begging to be taken back. cording to the customs of her caste. She was a She would say, "If you will take me back I will mother at thirteen and soon after was deserted do anything, even if it means to break caste comby her husband. She had to go to the cotton fields pletely and never to see my own people again." to earn enough to keep soul and body together, the prey to all the vileness of a very evil com- Finally we took her back and she became a very munity. She worked for a Mohammedan who useful woman with the babies. She was motherly became the father of several of her children. and seemed worth saving. When this man died his wife sent Kondyabai and her children away, so that she was again thrown A Bible woman was sent every day to teach her on evil times. the stories of the Bible. She used to come nearly every night to the bungalow and told me many things about her village. There is nothing more

shocking in "Mother India" than the things which decided that she was praying. For the first time she described in her village and which the people she had gotten a sense of the exceeding sinfulthought only the ordinary way to live. ness of sin and her life seemed a long vista of horror. Once her prayer ran like this, "As I take During these evening visits Kondyabai and I my soiled sari (garment) to the river and wash often prayed together and she professed to be it clean, so 0 Lord wash and make me clean." converted and was baptized. At last peace came to her troubled soul and she slept like a tired babe. Her face seemed to take Some time after this a spirit of prayer came on a new glow of purity. among the little girls in the school and they prayed every evening from five o'clock until their Today Kondyabai is a blessed woman; she tesevening meal. They prayed for everybody-the tifies at every opportunity, and has been an inpreachers, Bible women, teachers, scholars, mis- spiration to many missionaries. It is a beautiful sionaries on the field, missionaries in the home- sight to see her gather the little children about land, the girls, and especially for Kondyabai. her for evening prayers. She is full of love and When the big girls caught this spirit of prayer, draws the children like a magnet. they prayed so long that we could hardly get them to bed at night. Last year she visited her village and was able to bear testimony to her own people who listened One night we heard a loud screaming and with greatest interest to her story of the saving thought it was jackals. Then we recognized a grace of Christ. At the camp meeting recently woman's voice and thought the crazy son of our held in the district three of her caste people were old sweeper woman must be beating her. Later baptized. we discovered it was our own Kondyabai, who was crying out in great distress, like the wailing Pray that hundreds of heathen women like of a lost soul. At first we thought her insane Kondyabai may be saved, and lifted to lives of but as we listened to moanings and groanings we purity.

• South America-An Analogy* TWO children, anxious to decorate for Christ- gaily to the edge of the precipice, and, with the mas Eve, climbed the mountain of Montser- money in her hands, toppled over into the chasm rat, caroling as they went, searching for of insolvency. There should have been more suitable greenery. They came to a precipice hid- margin. den by gorgeous overhanging verdure. Thinking only of the magic of the Christmas celebration, II. It is so in politics. Latin America dreams they began to accumulate mosses and trailing of an ideal government which shall be a panacea vin,es. The enthusiasm of youth dulled all sense for all ills. She is convinced that when the right of danger. One held the other's hand while she officials get into power all will be well. Unavailreached for a lovely flower, but she .suddenly ingly has she clutched at the cactus of dictatorslipped and dragged her companion into a deep ships and the lush growth of socialistic democchasm. The papers told of a tragedy while in racy, only to find herself slipping, slipping. pursuit of a purpose; deceptive environment; confident but misguided youth. III. In matters of religion, Latin America is clinging to frail but alluring environment, and Graphically, pathetically, does not this illus- missing the Tree of Life, rooted in the Rock of trate what is happening on a large scale in Latin Ages. Processions and pictures, images and in- America; fine sentiments ending in catastrophe; cense attract her, but can never give a solid foungood intentions led astray by inexperience; un- dation for morals, education and the home. They justified optimism terminating in a crash; a ma- cannot bear the weight of a continent's need. terialistic search leading to death; a land of promise full of disillusion. Had we known it in time how gladly would we have snatched these children from the edge of the 1. This delusion has been, for example, in the abyss. What we would have done for them let matter of loans. Finding the United States able us do for the people of South America. We can and willing to lend money, Latin America walked only do it by giving them reality in place of a delusion; Jesus Christ and His Gospel in place • Adapted frolll a contribution to The Bible Today, New York. of false standards and hopes.

Situation in Latin America*

By SAMUEL GUY INMAN, New York I~ Author of "Trailing the Conquistodores," etc., etc. I I -~ I~==========================~ TATIN American countries are conscious that thing to carry out the spirit of this prayer?" The L they are adrift and they do not know where audience was tremendously affected. She slipped they are going. The leadership acknowl- away while the crowd was standing spellbound edged a few years ago is often displaced or re- with her eloquence. But her identity was learned, tains its position only through oppressive and and the socialist party decided to discipline her militaristic measures. The old assurances of the for speaking in an anti-democratic meeting and economic interpretation of history, the "out-of- without permission of the party.

dateness" of religion, the power of political de- The well-known Argentine writer, Dr. Ricardo mocracy, the struggle for industrialism, are wab- Rojas, author of "The Invisible Christ," says that bling, if not disappearing. Argentina has so many int~rnal problems that Take Argentina for example-until the revolu- she is overwhelmed with them.

tion of 1931 which unseated President Irigoyen Brazil has held together longer than any simi- she had not had a revolution for forty years. She larly extended tropical territory in all history.

had adopted the secret ballot, had committed- her- Many feel that the recent revolution of Sao Paulo self to the capitalistic order, with more foreign represents a deep division between the various commerce and more railroads than any other sections of Brazil and that with great difficulty Latin American country, with a continued flow will these sections be held together. The nation of European emigrants, with a standardized pro- is facing most critical conditions and must have, gram of public education, modernized indiffer- if it is not to go to pieces, not only wise political ence toward religion, with the politicians run- and economic guidance, but vital faith in funda- ning the government and the rest of the country mental, spiritual values. Dynamic religious faith indifferent so long as they were allowed to pur- is needed if Brazil is to move forward unitedly sue their own objects. into a new order. Her enormous territory, much Today all is different. The present govern- of which is uninhabited except by Indians, her ment of the conservative party is in an anomalous large percentage of illiterate people, her divisions position. The Uriburu dictatorship was so un- into northern, central and southern sections, all popular that he was compelled to call new elec- make her present problems tremendously appeal- tions. The radicals were not allowed to nominate ing to her friends. This is a time when the Chris- a candidate so that the conservative candidate, tian forces should exert themselves to help Brazil.

Senor Justo, became President without the other Chile presents likewise an intensely difficult party voting. Now he is turning iIi every direc- situation. A little oligarchy of some hundred tion to secure from the Church, various conserv- families ruled Chile during the first century of ative groups and certain foreign interests, the its independence and it was only in 1920 that the needed backing. Freedom of speech is severely lower classes and the few people who had begun limited. to form a middle class, were able to give expres- Recently a reactionary group was holding an sions to their demands for reform. They elected enormous meeting in front of the capitol to pro- a reform leader, President Arturo Alessandri.

test against "communism." A suggestion was Chile literally seethed with new social thoughts, made for a movement against the Jews and it but Alessandri's reforms were too rapid and he seemed that the mob would take it up. A mem- was sent into exile. General Ibanez as President ber of the socialist party, Madame Gucovsky, a combined with American capitalists to turn over prominent social worker, asked to speak but did the greatest riches of Chile, the nitrate beds, to not reveal her identity. She began to appeal to a semi-government corporation dominated by for- the crowd by quoting the Lord's Prayer and com- eigners. Radical and communistic forces, even menting on each one of its phrases. "You are among public school-teachers, had been growing Christians," she said, "You are proud of your rapidly. Ibanez was overthrown; chaotic condi- Church. Would it not be the most Christian tions followed' such as Chile has not witnessed • Abbreviated from the Secretary's annual report to the Commit- since the immediate days following her independtee on Cooperation in Latin America. ence from Spain. President Alessandri has again [201 ]

been called to govern. He faces the most difficult primary schools which might receive help from kind of task. It would seem that only by a rapid a religious organization.

socialization program can he stay in power and Some of the early revolutionary leaders have stave off the threatening period of bloodshed and themselves become immense landholders. The chaos. generals seem to have a new lease on life and Peru is an equally critical situation. Many power. Communism, without any fundamental thought that President Leguia, in spending vast understanding of its significance and scientific sums on modernization, was saving his country; planning for its acceptance, is threatening. The but now is a good time for the glorifiers of dic- future for Mexico is less clear, the road is more tatorships and loans to visit Peru. The splendid obscure, than it has been since Madero began his new system of pavements, waterworks and roads, uprisings against Diaz in 1910. Here again the the beautifying of the city, magnificent public Christian forces seem to be on the defensive. The and private buildings recently erected, all are in spiritual idealism resident in a fine group of process of decay. Another dictator has come. young men a decade ago has largely disappeared. The members of the radical party "Apra" are in No doubt much of the old ideology is still present prison or in exile and the government is pushing in the people but as far as the leadership is cona quarral with Colombia, hoping to find public cerned it is difficult to find.

support on this account. The reactionary ele- Disorganized Student Life ments, consisting of· the military, the Church and the landed interests, are endeavoring to hold Peru Higher education in many of these countries is in the old ways. almost as completely disorganized as is political life. In 1918 the students at the University of In Cuba the situation seems dark. Economical- Cordoba, Argentina, called a strike, a protest ly the country has given herself over completely against the old and reactionary methods in the to the capitalistic system with one crop her only university and their close dependence on political guarantee of prosperity, foreign bankers and in- life. Thus was initiated a movement known as vestments controlling her material life. Presi- the University Reform, which spread over Latin dent Machado and his enemies are engaged in a America. This reform, calling for the modernreign of terror. Political assassinations are fre- ization of the curriculum, the participation of quent; numerous scientific and literary organiza- students in the election of the faculty as well as tions are closely watched by spies. The university other fundamental changes, has thrown the stuand the secondary schools of the country are dents into leadership against reactionary governclosed. The whole of Cuban life, national and ments. These governments have in turn closed international, economic and educational, must be the universities time after time. reorganized. The Platt Amendment, granting the United States the right to intervene in Cuba when In Cuba the university has been closed almost conditions seem to demand it, makes it necessary continually from 1927 up to the present. The for the United States either to take cognizance students and progressive members of the faculty of the present reign of terror or to supplant the have banded together against President Machado; Platt Amendment with a treaty which will put many have been killed and press despatches tell the responsibility of government and develop- of new arrests both of students and professors. ment, economic as well as spiritual, on the Cuban Even the public high schools have been closed people themselves. because the government claims that they also are centers of revolt.

Mexico, in 1917, adopted a socialized constitu- In Peru, the ancient University of San Marcos, tion which has been largely copied by other coun- Lima, has hardly had a continuous session for the tries like that of Spain. But has the idealism last ten years. After the fall of President Leguia of ten years ago been able to survive? As far a new rector, Dr. Jose Encinas, was installed and as the government is concerned this is question- began to modernize the institution, but he found able, with the exception of the rural educational himself in opposition to President Sanchez Cerro program. Much has been done in giving the and today the university is completely disorgan- Mexican people a new social attitude toward life. ized.

Peonage has been eliminated. The program for In Chile during the last three years students the distribution of land, however, has practically have often abandoned the classroom to do battle ceased. It was thought that the bitter struggle in favor of what they considered a reform move- between the State and the Roman Catholic Church ment. In July, 1931, they organized a movement was settled in 1928 but it has recently been re- which resulted in the overthrow of Ibanez and opened. Radical laws have been passed limiting have had active participation in the various severely the number of clergy in various states changes of government. It was reported that the and the Federal District, as well as prohibiting university had ceased to be a center of culture

THE SITUATION IN LATIN AMERICA

and had become a center of radical agitators. money, munitions and military mISSIOns, these The teaching force in the primary schools of latter often explaining the confidence of an ex- Chile is honeycombed with communism. The alted nationalism and its refusal to accept peace- average salary of these teachers is three hundred ful means, such as were used formerly, to settle pesos (about ten dollars) per month. A few these questions.

weeks ago the press reported a strike of teachers. The boundary question between Bolivia and In Venezuela the dictatorial regime of General Paraguay has existed for a century but became Gomez is continually in conflict with the univer- acute when petroleum concessions and coloniza- sity students and faculty. tion privileges were granted by Bolivia to foreign In Mexico the students have held the university interests. Large sums were then spent in England buildings against the attacks of the police and and the United States for bombing planes and firemen on several occasions and during the last other war material and General Hans Kundt of three years, since the university has secured its the German army was engaged to modernize the independence from the National Government, war machine in Bolivia. The country rose up there has been almost continuous strife. against the dictator Siles in 1930 and he and Gen- In Colombia, hundreds of schools have been eral Kundt had to flee. But the military elements closed because of financial difficulties; the same were well intrenched, and were soon again in the thing is true of other lands. Everywhere through- saddle. An undeclared war was launched in the out Latin America the educational situation is Chaco in the summer of 1932 and at the close of critical and in some of the countries it is more the year the German general was recalled to head chaotic than it has been for a quarter of a a drive to the Paraguay River. The resolutions century. passed by small groups of missionaries and South This is not to say that there is not much good American Christians against the war seem piti- educational work going on in these lands. The ably ineffective in face of the munitions furnished rural schools of Mexico, the new organization of by America and Europe.

education in Rio de Janeiro under a group of de- In the same way in Peru and Colombia, two voted, modern-trained educators, the new Dalton other countries where American missions main- schools in Chile and Paraguay, the remarkable tain schools, hospitals and evangelical work, cer- development of the University of Concepcion tain American business interests are backing the (Chile), the new spirit shown in the universities winner, whichever it may be, in the war openly of Buenos Aires and of Montevideo, the "Gim- being prepared. Colombia has recently fitted up nasio Moderno" of Bogota, the "Children's Re- a merchant ship as a war vessel and has dis- publics" of Colombia, and many other educational patched it with 800 men to the Amazon River.

developments recently appearing show the vital- Peru is counting on her aviation force, organized ity of education in spite of difficult economic and by an American naval mission, augmented by as political conditions. much new air equipment and other war machin- The Clash of International Wars eryas she can buy. The ownership of Leticia was settled by arbi- The last international war in South America tration in a treaty signed by both Colombia and was the one between Chile, Peru and Bolivia in Peru in 1922. But on September 1, 1932, this 1879-81. The only one before that, barring those sleepy little tropical Colombian village, located in connected with the liquidation of the revolts a triangle made by the forks of the Putumayo against Spain, was the war against Paraguay and Marafion Rivers in the jungles where they waged by Brazil, Argentina and Uruguay from unite to form the Amazon, was attacked by a small 1865 to 1870. Today, the whole continent is group of Peruvians. The Peruvian government, threatened because of the undeclared war be- instead of apologizing and withdrawing these tween Paraguay and Bolivia over the Chaco, and self-appointed conquerors, begins to raise funds the mobilization of the forces of Peru and Colom- to purchase fifteen bombing planes-just as Co- bia over the Leticia incident. This is another lombia raises an internal loan of $10,000,000 to proof of the chaotic moral life which has over- purchase other planes and ships.

taken the continent. South America lacks the The Ibero American Federation of Students, in idealistic drive it had when Argentina and Chile condemning these war-like preparations, says: settled their boundary dispute in 1904 and erected the "Christ of the Andes" to commemorate it. Most of the Latin American countries, those with Since the beginning of this century practically vast territories and sparse populations, often unculeveryone of these countries has settled by arbi- tured, and of debatable social efficiency, are far from tration disputes with its neighbors. having the necessity of defending their soil because their principle problem is to conquer the physical en- From the very nations from which mission- vironment, make it habitable, and incorporate it in aries go to these countries, there have come also the economy ·of the civilized groups. A conflict of

boundaries for the possession of a small piece of equa- Many other examples might ue given to show torial forests between peoples like ours that have grave problems to solve in the organization of their that below the surface, too often controlled by recivic life, the education of the mestizos and Indians, actionary elements, are stirring strong thoughts the development of industry, etc., is a crime without and emotions, that must sooner or later emerge.

.i ustification. Here for example is a young Chilean, a gradu- ate of the Chilean National University and of the We should not forget, however, to study the University of Paris. His is one of the best known situations that lie behind such conflicts. A British families in this country. While a student in Paris engineer of long residence in South America has he was called upon to write a thesis on some asrecently declared: pect of religious psychology. He bought a Bible to get first-hand information about religion. The The greatest hindrance in the real advance of South Bible made a profound impression upon him. He America in public morality, lies in the facility with looked up some of the leaders of the French Protwhich a very flood of money has been thrown at the estant Church and later in Rome he sought out governments of these republics from London and New the Waldensians and regularly attended their York. Steady retrogression in public morality is church. He was converteed and is now back in at times in evidence. Men of the austere type of Chile and eager to interpret Christianity to his Sarmiento, Avellaneda, or Mitre no longer hold the people. He has translated Monod's book on Protreins of power. estantism into the Spanish and is having it pub- lished at his own expense. Here is a proof of the Fortunately there are indications of a growing reality of the change experienced by this choice revolt against the old order and a determination representative of the best of Chile's life. He has to sacrifice comforts and position for a new day. felt the impulse to serve, so he has gathered Men are hunting for a new basis of life. They around him a group of young men for the purpose are asking what is life, what is the patria, who is of visiting the charity hospitals to carry comfort God, what are one's relationships to the Infinite? and cheer to the lonely sick. He calls this group: The subjects of public lectures, the articles in the Los compaile1'os de Emaus-"The Comrades of press and the books all reveal this. Emmaus."

Senor Carlos Keller, in a most interesting book, Need for Evangelism "La Eterna Crisis Chilena," says: The present economic crisis and the commu- We have given absolute preponderance to the de- nism of Russia are affecting Latin America to a velopment of the intellectual faculties, depreciating considerable extent. We have seen communist disthe sentimental one. Practical religion has been ex- turbances in Mexico, Central America, Colombia, cluded from our government education, what have we Ecuador, Bolivia, Peru, Chile; and even Uruguay substituted for it-journalism, the literature of strug- and Argentina are not free from this great dangle, high-sounding phrases without sentiment. The ger. Let us not forget these two important absence of religious feeling in our middle and superior factors: classes is symptomatic of the artificiality of our development during the last century. The Roman Catholic Church seems to have lost its leadership in the Latin American countries. Brazil has had her problems mercilessly ana- Natives with Indian blood, either pure or mixed, lyzed by the recent appearance of a two-volume constitute the majority in Latin America. The work, "0 Brazil Nadio," by the distinguished stu- Inca empire was a communist regime, and the dent, M. Bomfin, which discussed the realities of Aztec and Mayan empires were semi-communist. Brazilian sovereignty. Scarcely has any nation The Jesuit empire of Paraguay was also based on had such a challenge presented to overcome the communistic ideals. And the Indians today are weaknesses that are eating at its vitals. more restless and more receptive than ever. The work of the governments of Mexico, Central The brilliant young student, Luis Enrique America, Ecuador, Bolivia, Peru and Chile is Osorio, leader of the "Unionist Alliance" move- awakening them. ment in Colombia, has written in "Los Destinos del Tropico" a study of the future of the peoples To these two factors we ought to add the direct of tropical America, that faces squarely funda- influence of Russia, exerted by the sending of mental issues. emissaries or money to promote communism. The pure Iberian type, and even the Indian of the In Argentina Ricardo Roj as in "EI Radicalismo middle class, abhors communism; but these are de Manana," Arturo Capdevila in "America," the minority. Alfredo Colmo in a new study on revolutions about to appear, are facing their people with We may, however, feel encouraged because fundamental issues. Young Cubans, like Jorge the communism of Latin America, when native Manach in his "Indagaci6n del Choteo," are laying and not imported, is not antagonistic to religion. bare the reason why their country does not spiritually progress.

1!l33] THE SITUATION IN LATIN AMERICA

The Aztec communist, and the Inca communist, went to South America. He was born in Eng- and the Paraguayan Jesuit communist, were re- land in 1863 in a poor but Christian family. In ligious. Haya de la Torre, the radical leader in 1872 the family emigrated to South America, liv- Peru, was early won to Russian communism but ing first in Paraguay, and next in Argentina. At afterwards repudiated communism because of its sixteen years of age, William went to Buenos lack of idealism and religion. Jose Carlos Maria- Aires where he was employed by an importing tegui, who before his death was the greatest ex- firm. There he was impressed with the moral ponent of communism in Latin America, stated and material misery of hundreds of poor fami- very plainly that religion has a place in the hu- lies, which aroused his desire to serve them. He man life as ~Teat as that of truth or beauty. organized in 1898 the system of schools with Protestant Christians should take advantage which was connected a wide philanthropic agency of the present crisis by carrying out a great to help poor children. From an attendance of continental campaign of spiritual appeal, em- 126 the schools grew to number between six and bracing: First, the Protestant constituency, seven thousand. The Argentine government con- bringing it a greater vision of the present op- tributed directly to these schools and a large portunities; second, the common people; third, circle of distinguished Argentines and foreigners the cultured classes; fourth, the Indians. Devo- not only gave money but time to the development tion, vision and leadership for this are needed. of these remarkable institutions. More than four The services of Dr. George P. Howard are now million dollars was collected during Mr. Morris'

available to all evangelical denominations in life for the schools and charitable aid to the stu- South America. Last year most of his time has dents, that have totaled more than one hundred been given to Buenos Aires and Santiago de thousand.

Chile. In the early months of the year he held Such students of the situation as Dr. John A.

successful series of lectures in Buenos Aires and Mackay believe that good literature must occupy Montevideo; in the spring he transferred his a large, if not the largest, place in reaching the residence to Santiago and began efforts to open general public with the Christian message. Latin the way for his work in Chile. He attended the America needs men like Kagawa of Japan, whose World's Sunday School Convention at Rio de forty-five books explain much of his wide influ- Janeiro and en route held one of the most fruit- ence in his own land and in all parts of the world.

ful series of religious lectures ever presented in Any large Christian movement in Latin Amer- the city of Buenos Aires. One of the large down- ica must be accompanied by the right kind of town halls, with a seating capacity of 800, was books and magazines that will appeal to the mod- rented for a week's lectures. The results were ern youth and adults. Visiting the large well far beyond anyone's expectations. Beginning stocked book shops in Latin American cities, we with an audience of 500 people, the crowd in- find that the books there displayed are, for the creased each evening until on the last evening the most part, "communistic," philosophical and radi- doors had to be closed to prevent overcrowding, cal. This indicates the difference in the thinking over a thousand people being present. These and of the young Latin American today and the youth other experiences have enthused him more than in the United States. The temper of the modern ever for the task in which he is engaged. He world indicates that more than ever books and writes: periodicals cast in the right form offer the great- I am amazed at the rapidity with which events are est opportunity for reaching wide circles of people.

taking place here in South America. We must act The Committee on Cooperation in Latin Amerquickly. This is Latin America's day of white heat. ica is doing its utmost to help the Christian The firm impress of Christ must be laid now on the forces in those countries meet the present need. fluid material of these young commonwealths. The In my recent trip to South America I had opporfrightful chaos in social and political life, the misery tunities to address ministers' associations, coland suffering in economic affairs, are all creating a feeling of nostalgia for something imperishable and lege and seminary faculties, endeavoring to show a willingness to listen to any who claim to have the them the possibilities that lie before them in these way, the truth and the life. And we know that we troublous times. Stimulating Christian literature have them. is also sent to the field; summer conferences are The wide influence of the lives of Christian being held in some countries; regional gatherings workers, even though organization seems to slow were held following the World's Sunday School down, has been emphasized this year through the Convention at Rio de Janeiro; conferences, lec- death of Rev. William Morris, the founder of the tures and retreats are arranged to bring together series of schools known as the Argentine Philan- persons engaged in evangelical work; and local thropic Schools and Institutes. Many believe that evangelical workers are cooperating to extend Mr. Morris was the greatest missionary that ever the Kingdom of God in Latin America.

R. Matt: Missionary to the

By PROF. KENNETH SCOTT LATOURETTE, D.D., I New Haven, Connecticut I r=""- Professor of Missions and Oriental History, Yale University i FORTUNATELY Dr. Mott is still with us, as that have since passed he has sought great things, hard at work and as youthful in outlook as they have not been for himself. He has truly en- ever. We are not here primarily seeking to deavored to "seek first the Kingdom of God." express our appreciation of a great life. Dr. Mott would not wish for praise and the Christian world One of the secrets of Dr. Mott's immense useis so well aware of his usefulness that any verbal fulness has been that he has interpreted that tribute comes near to be- phrase, "the Kingdom of God," in large termsing superfluous. Rather we attempt briefly to out- that he has never been line what can be accom- willing to set any boundplished by one life, dedi- aries to the Kingdom. He cated in youth to the Will has always been eager to of God, daring to attempt have his conceptions of it great things for God, and broadened, desiring only having confidence to ex- that he should not miss pect great things of God. God's leading and that the Kingdom should always be At the urgent request of God's. To this may probthe program committee, at ably be ascribed two of his a quadrennial convention qualities which have been of the Student Volunteer a constant inspiration to Movement some years ago, his friends-his own con- Dr. Mott departed from tinued growth in outlook, his usual reticence about a characteristic w h i c h his own inner history and gives him a perennially gave a great student audi- youthful quality, and his ence the story of the de- unfailing capacity to lift cision which, in his early other men's horizons. student years, altered the current of his life and put Early in his Christian him in the path which has experience Dr. Mott was led step by step through led to give the central the many open doors of place in his life and large opportunity which thought to Jesus Christ. he has since entered. He Ever since then the living Christ has been to him a rea lit y. It is in the had transferred from a .TOH N R. M aTT strength of that convic- small Christian college to tion and that fellowship a large university, hoping in that way to remove that he has dreamed and labored. Many now in himself from strong Christian influences, and middle life can remember, as though it were yes- while a student in this latter institution he heard terday, how in their student days they heard him one of the Studds, that English family which had speak of the meaning of Christ to him and this been so profoundly stirred and changed through kindled in them the longing that the same experi- D. L. Moody, speak from the words "Seekest thou ence might become theirs. The manner in which great things for thyself? Seek them not. . . . .. his life has been lived is in itself an additional Seek ye first the Kingdom of God." The texts evidence-if one were necessary-of the reality struck home. Dr. Mott was led, after much wres- and the power of that Presence in whom Dr. Mott tling of spirit, to make the decisive dedication of so firmly believes. To that quiet confidence can be his life to the service of God. While in the years attributed, at least in part, the unhurried and al- [206 ] most serene manner which is one of his most the colleges and universities of the United States marked characteristics-even when, as so often, and Canada, organizing associations on campuses, he has seemed to be carrying a suffering world on enlisting leaders, and helping producce literature.

his heart, endeavoring to bring it, redeemed and He showed here, as elsewhere, a remarkable fac- purified, through a long night of agony. ulty for recognizing potential ability in youth, en- Dr. Mott came early to feel that among the listing it in the Christian enterprise, and making meanings of the Kingdom of God is the transfor- opportunity for it to develop to the full. For years mation of defeated lives into victorious lives. To he presided at the annual student conferences at the mission of dealing with individual men in pub- Northfield. He conducted many evangelistic cam- lic address, and in private interviews, he has given paigns in the colleges.

many years. He has by no means forgotten this As chairman for more than thirty years of the mission or felt it to be an outgrown phase of his executive committee of the Student Volunteer development, even though in later years he has Movement, he headed that organization and di- found it necessary to devote much of his time to rected and presided at most of its quadrennial organization. He would be the first to say that conventions. These gatherings alone have had an the machinery in which he has necessarily become outstanding effect in quickening interest and en- so much involved is useless unless it contributes listing life in the world-wide mission of the to this remaking, in Christ's image, of broken Church.

men and women. From 1898-when he was in his early thirties- In his undergraduate days, Mr. Mott·was led to to 1915 he was in charge of the foreign work of think in terms of the entire world. He was one the Young Men's Christian Association and has of that hundred who, in 1886, at that first student been largely responsible for the world outreach of conference at Mt. Hermon, dedicated themselves that organization. During these years he made to foreign missions and with whom the Student tours around the world and to many different Volunteer Movement for Foreign Missions began. countries, chiefly for the purpose of reaching stu- He has told how his own vision was strengthened dent groups and enlisting them in the Christian and broadened in the early days of the Movement enterprise. To his vision-when he was barely as a group of which he was a member was led, thirty years of age-was largely due the bringing through study, discussion and prayer, to adopt the into existence of the World's Student Christian watchword "The Evangelization of the World in Federation. For a quarter of a century, from this Generation." Noone knowing him can doubt 1895 to 1920, he was its general secretary, and that through the years, whatever others may have from then to 1928 its chairman.

done, he has been true to that watchword. His As he grew older, Dr. Mott's outstanding abili- conception of what is implied by "evangelization" ties inevitably brought him into a still wider range has been enriched, as it must be for all who are of activities. He became chairman of the Con- open to God's guidance. He recently reminded a tinuation Committee of the Edinburgh Mission- student audience at how many more angles the ary Conference and when that was succeeded by missionary enterprise is now touching the world's the International Missionary Council he was life than was the case in his own undergraduate made chairman of the latter body. In the former days. His vision, therefore, has not only remained capacity he toured the world in 1912-1913, helping world-wide, but he has been led to see more and to set up national committees which should make more how many are the phases of the world's life effective the cooperation begun at Edinburgh.

which must be entered and claimed for Christ. These later grew into the National Christian He has a profound conviction, to which he has Councils. He was the organizing genius and the often given voice, that "Christ must be Lord of presiding officer of the Jerusalem meeting of the all or he is not Lord at all." Through it all, how- International Missionary Council. More than ever, it is evangelization-making open channels any other one man, he has been responsible for for the "good news" of Christ-which has been the coordination and cooperation of Protestant his dominant concern. missionary forces the world around.

The major tasks to which, in pursuance of the In 1915 he became the general secretary of the vision of his youth, Dr. Mott has set his hands and International Committee of the Young Men's heart are part of the history of Christianity of Christian Association and held that office past the the last half-century. He early associated him- usual retiring age. In 1926 he was made chair- self with the Young Men's Christian Association, man of the World's Committee of the Young then in the rising tide of its remarkable growth Men's Christian Association. During the World in this country. As head of its student work for War he carried the heavy load of the general sec- nearly a quarter of a century, he contributed more retaryship of the War Work Council of the Young than anyone can measure to the religious life of Men's Christian Association. He it was who was largely responsible for the magnificent service Dr. Mott has taken time to be a student. He is rendered by that body and upon him fell the a prodigious reader and is the author of a dozen major share of the burden of raising the enormous or more volumes. funds required. Now in his late sixties, although some of his The trusted friend of presidents of the United greatest years of achievement may well yet lie States and of statesmen the world around, more ahead, there is need for rising young leaders who than once he has had offers which might have will take up the work that he will lay down. The lured him into the field of politics and diplomacy. call is for men to do for the coming generation However, he has kept resolutely to his purpose something of what he has done and is doing for of working through organized Christianity. Only ours. Even more than ever, the need is for men on two major occasions, the Mexican Commission who will make a dedication of themselves to God of 1916 and the Special Diplomatic Mission to and his Kingdom in their youth, and who view Russia in 1917, has he been drawn even tempo- that Kingdom as one which is world-wide. The rarily into the field of international politics. power of God is not diminished. We hope and pray that in this new generation there will be Throughout his life, crowded as it has been with those who will allow it free course. travel and heavy administrative responsibilities, AMERICAN CHURCH EXPENDITURES FOR SELVES AND OTHERS Gathered from United Stewardship Council Statistics, 1932 A blank was sent to the officials of the communions beneficent work outside of the budget. The statistics are named below and the statistics are from their replies. for the denominational fiscal years. These statistics are from living donors. Interest and legacies are not included. Budget benevolences are those in The column headed "Total Gifts for All Purposes" in the denominational national budget. Denominational be- some cases contains gifts from living donors which were nevolences include budget benevolences and such other con- given either from nonbudget denominational benevolences tributions as are made 'for denominational missionary and or for non- and interdenominational benevolences, and there is no method of dividing them.

PER Ol~PIT'A GIFTS 'l'OTAL GIFTS – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – ——–c–.——————- Membership COllUlluniun I Congre- Budget Denomina- Cungre- in United Benevo· tional gational All Purposes States and gational All Purposes Oanada – ) – – – – Expenses lences Benevolences Expenses (18) $12.94 $'2,911 ,823.00 ! $12,20'3,275.00 : $15,115,0'98.0'0' 943,063 (:;) 5.87 (2) 21.04 1,22S,()~2.10 , 1,,,.57 .437 .51 56000 (17) (10) 16.81 24,313,7?4.oo : 28,360,4:18.00' ' (25) 2.BO (24) 6.80 26, 79R, 75,:~.(j:l 1,445:615 (]4) (25) 5.06 32,618,125.56 :;,044,566 1.47 (6) 18.31 855,543.()O i 1 ,:~56,477 .00' (~1l :1.13 (22) 7.1:; 19,195,468.00 I 22,652,901.00 143,425 2.51 11 ,217,168.9:1 14,134,186.16 , 1,0'48,205 U41 (5) 18.66 4,245,640'.00 5,129,171.00 1,572,732 (15 ) 1.1'5 227,472 :~.12 (10) 3.69 (13) ]5.8.'1 3.774,171.27 4,658,574.94 2:;9,611 (2~) 2.48 (D) 4,:381,634.78 5,090,461.84 259,896 16.~6 (23) 1.89 (21) 670',862.00' 837,148.00 87,52:3 7.66 (0) 3.87 (17) 18.42 12,207,358.00 i 15,728,268.00 !J09,307 (13) ~.28 (8) 17.8:; 67,863,940.00 , 82,758,490.00 , 31,616,016.00 :1,915'.755 (19) 2.71 (20) 9.23 24,028,455.00' 2,603,095 (7) 4.61 (14) . 15.55 353,739.22 445,369.83 (11) 16.70- I 18,378 (8) 4.46 3,020,939.00 , 3,909,209.00 180',956 (.5) 5.35, I (3) 20.45 50,426.861.00 1,957,999 39,95O',927.m : 11,063,584.00 468,532 (2) 6'.93 (12) 16.68 i 7,816,420'.00 ' 1,860,90;] (20) 2.68 32,520',350.00' 37,500,000.00 100,198 (6) 4.97 (23) 6.06 4,569,420.00 346 945 (12) ::L~9 3.613,083.00 , 396;687 (18) 2.i2 (1) 22.55 ! 4,812,035.00 , 6,0'41,700.00 615,751 (4) 5.42 4,883,171.00 : 5,525,530.00 1,001,520 (11) 3.:32 (16) 1:3.87 14,326,371.00 178,177 10,735,812.00 i 18,036,646.0'0' 0) 0.24 (19) 11.05 14,702,001.00 i 5,159,950.00 (7) 17.H 3,-«)8,516.00 , (15) 14.6R ;, (4) 19.13 $3.79 $14.56 – – – – – – – – – – – .. ——–.—–.——-'—~——————— Compiled for the United Stewardship CounCil, HARRY S. MYERS, Secretary, 152 Madison Avenue, New York City.

Above is a part of the annual statement pre- obtained from denominations claiming 23,729,604 pared by the United Stewardship Council, show- members within the United States. Probably ing the gifts toward congregational expenses and there are approximately seven million more membenevolences reported by twenty-five Protestant bers in the 190 other Protestant denominations denominations (twenty-two of them in the United listed in North America. States and three in Canada). Judging from the total of membership given in the table, 24,582,311, While the figures are impressive it can be seen and deducting 852,707 as the total of the three by a comparison with the reports for previous Canadian churches, the statement shows figures years that the present financial shortage is being reflected in the treasuries of the churches.

-Facing the Future in Home Missions*

By the REV. WILLIAM R. KING, D.D., New York Executive Secret4ry of the Home Missions Council I T IS much easier to look backward over the We have not yet fully realized the effect upon past, or to review the present than it is to pre- Home Missions, for example, of the passing of the dict the future. This is particularly true in frontier in the early nineties which marked the these changing and uncertain times. Noone can first great change of direction in the "march of see very far, or very clearly today in the thick democracy" in America. Neither have we in any weather through which we are sailing. Visibility adequate wa.y sensed the significance of the rise is exceedingly low. He would be rash, indeed, who and dominance of the great city in America, which would assume to speak with very much certainty is rapidly urbanizing our entire civilization, and about anything today, especially about Home Mis- producing a new type of humanity with which the sions. The old trails over which we have come Church must deal. Nor have we fully appreciated stand out in bold relief, but the highways of the the revolutionary influences of what Prof. Randall future are still largely uncharted. calls the reign of the twin gods of science and the As we lift our eyes to the future of Home Mis- machine, "which, though they have held sway over sions we are confronted with some sobering facts us barely fifty years, have destroyed more that and situations. Several disconcerting clouds hang was old and built up, more than is new, than any across the horizon of the new day-the cloud of invading army in the history of man." Nor have a national and world-wide depression that gives we recovered our equilibrium since the World no sign of lifting in the near future; the cloud of War, which so completely upset our civilization declining incomes and diminishing budgets that and disturbed our religious and ecclesiastical orthreatens to remain for a considerable time; the cloud of an amazing lack of interest on the part ganizations. of the rank and file of our church membership, We cannot wisely plan our Home Missionary which shows but few breaks of penetrating light; and the cloud of a rapidly changing America, program today unless we take into account the which is complicating the task and changing the effect of these great changes that have taken place entire character of the enterprise for all time to in America during the last forty years, and parcome. ticularly within the last twenty-five years. Since the Home Missions Council and the Council of No one can read the report of President Women for Home Missions were organized in Hoover's Commission on "Re,cent Social Trends" 1908 something unprecedented has happened to without being dazed by the kaleidoscopic changes America, and consequently something has haptaking place in America. No part of our national pened to Home Missions. Both the old America and the old Home Missions have gone.

life is being more affected by these "trends" than How Shall We Face the Future? our religious life-no institution is more affected by them than the Church-and no part of church First of all we must face the future; we cannot life is more influenced by them than Home Mis- escape it. We cannot live in the past. We cansions. The President's Commission says, "Of the not rest in the present. The future claims us. great social organizations, two, the economic and We must face it with a calm and resolute deterthe governmental, are growing at a rapid rate, mination to carryon. while two other historic organizations, the Church and the family, have declined in social signifi- The greatest peril to Home Missions today is cance, although not in human, values." It is un- the temptation to surrender to the "depression" doubtedly true that the Church has been the slow- -to withdraw within our tents and wait for the est of all our institutions to sense the changes of clouds to roll by. Our dangers are lack of courrecent years, and the tardiest to adjust itself to age, loss of morale, failure of faith and counseling the new situations. with fears. While the times are hard and distress very real, there is a good deal of scare about the whole situation. We need to read history and * An address at the Fe!Iowship Dinner on the occasion of the recall "the years of the right hand of the Most Twenty-fifth Anniversary of the Home Missions Council and the Council of Women for Home Missions. High."

[209 ]

This i:,; no time for letting up in our work. praisal conferences having for their purpose the This is the time for a real advance. When Gen- re-evaluation of Home Missions. Since the Wash- eral Joffre found the situation going against him ington Congress about fifty follow-up conferences at the Marne he said, "My left is shattered, my have been held in different parts of the country right is wavering-let the center advance." The to discuss the new day for Home Missions.

only way out of the present disturbing situation is Last year our study book, "The Challenge of ahead. We cannot afford to wait for the depres- Change," carried to thousands of mission groups sion to lift; it may remain for some time. We in the churches over the land the message of the cannot afford to wait for the income of boards to Washington Home Missions Congress.

increase, we may need to get accustomed to Through surveys and special studies made we smaller budgets. We cannot afford to wait for a have gathered more than one five-foot shelf of more convenient season, or a more advantageous valuable data on Home Missions, which has en- position, the center must advance without delay. abled us to determine our objectives and get our Theodore Roosevelt is quoted as saying, "Nine- new directions in Home Missions.

tenths of wisdom is being wise in time; and if a Lay Out Our Program of Advance country lets the time for wise action pass it may bitterly repent when, a generation later, it strives This program will be reported to the two Coununder disheartening difficulties to do what could cils in January, 1934, by the Five Year Program have been done easily if attempted at the right Committee. The advance recommended will be moment." neither to the right nor left, but straight ahead.

This is the time for a forward movement in It is not a new direction we need now in Home Missions, both home and foreign. We must ad- Missions, it is a new emphasis. We have already vance now, and from where we are. We are prone turned the corner. We need now to speed up the to be like the Kentucky mountaineer of whom processes already started. Weare headed right; President Hutchins of Berea College tells, who was let us quicken our pace.

asked by a traveler the way to Cincinnati. After Mission Boards have been in process of read- making several attempts to direct him how to get justment for some time. Our cooperative proc- out of the hills to the main highway the moun- esses began twenty-five years ago, when these two taineer said, "Well, str:anger to be squar' with Councils were organized. The leaders of that day you, if ye want to git to Cincinnati, ye'd better not "discerned the signs of the times" and began to start from here." work together.

Preliminary Steps for an Advance We are not now contemplating anything spec- tacular or extravagant. Any advance movement In any advance movement there are certain should be simple, practical, inexpensive and un- things to be done. ostentatious.

First, we must determine our objectives and get In conclusion, we ought to go into this uncer- our directions. This has largely been accom- tain, but intriguing future with new slogans, with plished. We have been "re-thinking" Home Mis- new appeals, and with a new unity. Let us say sions for five years. Three years before the Lay- less about budgets and quotas and reports, and men's Commission began its study of Foreign more about needs and service and Kingdom inter- Missions, the Five Year Program of Survey and ests. Let us say less about hardships and more Adjustment of the Home Missions Councils had about the claims of Christ and the opportunities.

been under way. Let us say less about denominations and more Surveys have been made of twenty-five states about our common responsibility for the saving in whole or in part. A number of special project of America. The great days of Home Missions surveys and intensive studies have been made. are not all in the past.

Four large national conferences have been held- There are great days for Home Missions pos- the Cleveland Comity Conference, 1928-the De- sible in the next twenty-five years. But we must troit City Conference, 1929 – the Washington make them. My one appeal is that in spite of Home Missions Congress, 1930-and the recent declining incomes and reduced budgets, in spite Chicago Conference on the City and the Church in of the clouds that hover over us, in the name of the Present Crisis, 1932. All of these were ap- Christ and America let us go forward.

To have courage without pugnacity; to have conviction without bigotry; to have charity without condescension; to have faith without credulity; to have love of humanity without mere sentimentality; to have meekness with power and emotion with sanity-that is Christianity.-Charles Evans Hughes.

Out a Demon in

The Story of Some Results of Student Evangelism* I Told by DR. GEORGE S. McCUNE _·otEf President of Union Christian College Pyengyang, Korea H ~, CAME in howling like a wild maniac. have thought that old sinner would repent and They say I'm crazy!" he cried. "Be still! live again with his wife?" Let me alone! I will tell you . . ." and a They never saw it on this fashion before, and volley of incoherent verbiage burst into the quiet the fame went abroad. Every night nine hun- dred gathered to hear the Word, and over three morning precincts of prayer. hundred became Christians.

A hundred faces in the dim light of dawn sud- If the Gospel word is sharp enough to cut asunder the base instincts of the soul from the denly turned toward the great door of the court- Godward yearnings of the spirit, as it had for Mr. Kim, can it not pierce to the hidden depths yard. of the human mind and relieve a demon pos- sessed man? Something like this must have been "The demon possessed man," they whispered the reasoning of these simple-hearted villagers. For the afflicted man's family hope burst as a and instinctively shrank away. ' springtime blade from the ashen years of help- less resignation. . Th~ unfortunate victim's family were leading And so on the calm of the morning air break hIm m for prayer, and the worshippers would the cries of this wild maniac: have fled had not this wretched figure become a' "Don't strike me! Keep away!" His relatives held him firmly and led him to the fampiar one to them through the years. student in charge. It was a prayer meeting, and here was a subject for prayer forcibly and bodily SIxteen years before this the village of Pyuk- presented, albeit an unusual one. Alone the stu- dent would never have included such a point in dong had heard a group of college boys from his outline notes. He inwardly trembled. But the Holy Spirit sometimes takes charge of church Pyenl?yang preach the Gospel, and then had sunk meetings, and God often thrusts strange words into yielded mouths. back mto the age-old darkness apparently to drag The boy preacher prayed simply, definitely, earnestly to the Lord Christ who is the same yeson the weary days as before. But now another terday, today, and forever-to the sympathizing Jesus, on whose lips it seems natural to hear the Gospel Team from Pyengyang Union Christian word of authority, "Be thou made whole." Again to the evening service came the pos- College had come; and the power of the Holy sessed man, and together the boys continued in prayer all through the night. Spirit was coming upon them. When it came time to close the meetings and go on to the next village, the afflicted man with For months, almost from the beginning of the his relatives followed after them. The disciples of old, in their annoyance, petulantly murmured, fall term, .thir~y or forty of the college boys had "Send her away"; but these students saw in the case the leadi~g of God. They asked the Chrisbe:n meetmg m fo~r groups, praying for special tians in the village to unite with them in interces- sion .and spent in turn a good part of the night gUIdance and blessmg. At the close of the spring praymg.

term eighteen of them were led to form three evangelistic teams, six students in each group.

~fter praying they decided they must go out dur- mg the summer vacation and preach nothing other than Jesus Christ and Him crucified.

One of these teams came to the village of Pyuk- dong, where they could not find a single Chris- tian, although some confessed to having heard the Jesus doctrine preached some sixteen years be- fore. A man of the village offered them a board- ing place and cleared an open space for their meetings. They preached in the power of the Holy Spirit and a well-to-do man, consorting with two concubines, was convicted of sin, gave the two "small wives" a .good.living, sent them away, and made a home wIth hIS own wife.

sai"dT. his"TJheseures'sdoMctrr.inKe iisma-wsthrayn,gewhtoheinv~gr" people would P('~~~2)Ol'tP(1 for The /Io,'ca, Mission Fidd, by ViC'tOJ' 'Vellington [ 211 ]

While they were praying an old woman was evening meetings at the Union Christian College convicted of sin. She had all her lifetime been Auditorium. The main floor is filled every morn- in bondage to the fear of evil spirits, but now she ing at five-thirty for prayer. Thirty millions souls met a Loving One who could break every fetter in Manchuria need to be saved for Christ and our and set the sinner free; she heard His word, boys are preparing for that conquest. Some Ko- "This is life eternal, that they should know thee, rean students already speak Chinese fluently and the only true God." She went home and gathered they will make excellent missionaries in the next all the family together, seventeen of them. Evi- few years. Some of the students of our College dently, as in the days of the apostles, she "and and Academy, 'of the Theological Seminary, the all her household" believed unto salvation, for Soong In and the Girls' Academy, gave their pen- they collected all their articles of sacrifice and the nies, dimes and dollars. Some are living on two objects connected with spirit worship and brought meals a day; others are wearing patched clothes; them out to burn. some saved money by not going home for vaca- Thus God manifested His favor in one village tion, and others earned money by hard labor, to by redeeming an old polygamist and in the next send a Korean missionary to Manchuria.

by revealing to a whole family that He alone is God. The man bound by Satan was not yet re- A LUCKNOW GOSPEL TEAM stored, though he seemed to be getting better.

Apparently God was drawing faith out to a great- This team grew out of the Student Christian er victory. Association Camp. Each year an initiation cere- mony takes place in which the pledge of member- The next place the evangelistic team entered ship is taken by new and renewed by old memwas a large market town. It was a strategic point bers. It is expected that they abide by certain for a Gospel victory, and the students were im- principles and put into practice the team's motto, pressed with the greatness of the opportunity. which is: To this place also followed the afflicted man. God seemed to be waiting for the best time to answer. Service on the basis of friendship with God, friend- God's silences are as purposeful as His clearest ship with Team members, and friendship with other words. people. The ideals are to keep clean and pure in word, action, thought, body and heart. Through the long night hours they pleaded that the power of Almighty God might be manifested The pledge of the membership runs as follows: and that He might receive all the glory. God answered, "I have both glorified my name and Trusting in God to help me, I promise to abide by will glorify it again"; for had He not saved a the principles ·of the Gospel Team, and sincerely enhopeless polygamist in the first village and in the deavor to put into practice its ideals throughout my second delivered a family from a host of demonic life. Nothing that I do will be done with a view spirits and gathered many people to His name? solely to please people. I will strive to the best of my ability to keep clean in thought, word and deed; About three in the morning they felt led to call to maintain brotherly love; to treat all women and to the demon possessed man: "In the name of girls with respect and honor; and to willingly accept Jesus of Nazareth we command you to leave this punishment for any breach 'of the Gospel Team rules.

man." This year the team has decided upon the follow- That Name has lost none of its ancient power ing forms of service: on prayerful lips; instantly the demon left and 1. Meditation and sharing of experience. the man was fully restored. The power of Jesus 2. Village uplift or rural reconstruction. Telling the was talked about through all that district and people the primary principles in sanitation, and first where only thirty or forty Christians had met be- aid in common accidents. Educating men and chilfore, now twelve hundred crowded in every night dren. to hear the new and living Way expounded. A 3. Social Service. Visiting the sick in hospitals, church of eight hundred is now worshipping in and wherever required. Helping in burials.

this market center every Sunday. 4. Neighborhood Service. Night school. House vis- Student Work for Manchuria itation. Holding Sunday schools and services for servants.

The Christian young men of Korea are inter- 5. Religious Service. Preaching the Gospel in moested in extending Christ's Kingdom and fifteen hallas, villages and slums among Christians and nonhundred men have come in from all parts of Christians. Bazaar and mela preaching. Giving full Pyengyang province to study the Bible. About assistance and cooperation with prayer and active two-thirds of those enrolled are under thirty service, and making definite contribution in all reliyears of age. It is proving to be a council of war gious and social camps, conferences, institutes, conto wrest from Satan's grip a million souls for ventions and evangelistic and revival meetings. Help- ing the various churches in the city and outside the God's Kingdom. Four to six thousand attend the city, whereVer help is necessary.-Indian. Witness.

A Continental View of the Laymen's

Report By the REV. JULIUS RICHTER, D.D., Berlin, Germany I N MY view, the second and third part of "Re- Church and mIssIOnaries are attempting to ac- Thinking Missions," with the review of the complish. We, in Europe, hoped that after Lau- situation and the problems of selected mis- sanne and Jerusalem and Herrnhut there was a sionary agencies, are by far most valuable but no common conviction on the content of the Chris- attempt is made to give a comprehensive view of tian message but the Report calls every such state- the missionary situation in any of the countries ment in doubt. If, in spite of the deficiencies of visited. It seems to me im- the dogmatical statement, at- possible to evaluate the rela- tention is concentrated on the tive importance of these agen- This paper by Dr. Julius Christian "way of life" that, cies in the different countries Richter, the well-known au- by the overwhelming majority without such a background. thority on continental missions of friends of missions will be The presentation lacks per- and the author of "Missions in regarded as misleading and spective. Any true appraisal India," "Protestant Missions in unsatisfactory. After reading of the mISSIOns and the the Near East," and other stand- the first and the fourth parts churches in India or China or anredntvaloluEmueros,peshanoswslohookw actontthie- of the Report and vividly pro- Laymen's Appraisal Report, and Japan should keep in mind how it presents itself to a man testing against many of their what has been attempted there who has devoted twenty-seven content, many will not have in former times, what meth- years to writing the history of the patience to peruse careods they have used, and what fully the second and third sec- have been the results. If such the Protestant missions in all tions which contain the most a general critical survey is at- foreign countries. He expresses valuable recommendations. tempted by a group which is great respect for the writers of Again, there is a veil of in- able to carry it through with "Re-Thinking Missions," and definiteness spread over the the broadest outline, the his- gratitude that these fifteen men Report. One almost never and women devoted a year to a tory of the past work should close study of the missionary knows it relates only to the not be left out. From this re- situation in Asia. At the same seven denominations or if the port it is impossible to obtain time he takes a very decided ex- mission boards have any di- a satisfactory view of the mis- ception to their basic ideas and rect relation to the sweeping sionary situation in any of many of their findings. proposals. In many cases it these countries as a whole. is apparent that the Apprais- Any critical remarks can be ers have in view the whole correctly weighed only from this background. Protestant missionary movement, and yet evi- It seems also a pity that the Commissioners dently their information is insufficient. No athave put the whole emphasis of their authority on tempt is made to differentiate American, British the first and the fourth part of the volume con- and Continental missions. As a whole, the Re- taining their philosophy of the missionary move- port seems to have in view the average type of ment from the standpoint of enlightened human- American missions, but what type that is in their ism. We appreciate with what candor and eyes one can only surmise. impressiveness Professor Hocking is arguing Many of the practical proposals of the Report against a shallow secul::trism; these chapters should be read not as an attack against a positive are in line with the plans of the International Mis- sion Council and of the commissions sent out in Biblical and historical conception of the Christian connection with the Council, as, for example, the faith, but as an attempt to render the foreign Burton CommIssion to China, the Lindsay Com- missionary movement acceptable to many Ameri- mission or Christian Higher Education in India, cans, who have lost any conception of what the the Commission on Christian Education in Japan.

[213 ]

In almost every case they go beyond what these Would a central recruiting office, perhaps in concommissions and the International Missionary nection with the American office of the Interna- Council think attainable under present circum- tional Missionary Council be commendable? stances. This surplus calls for comment. A council on rural community work, drawing Cooperation of the Protestant missionary forces upon the united strength both of the mission and is the watchword of all missionary conferences of the Church in each country, might become an since Edinburgh. But it is extremely doubtful if intelligent and far-seeing agency for planning acan all powerful ministry with autocratic authority tivities, for selecting and training the personnel to direct foreign missions, is possible either for and for making the necessary financial arrangethe whole Protestantism or separately for North ments, yet what unheard of unification and con- America, Great Britain, and Continental Europe. centration of foreign missions would be required It is hardly worth while to elaborate the merits of to make it really effective. so chimerical a proposal. It is also questionable whether more would be gained or lost by relegat- It is easy for an American to thunder against ing the functions of the denominational foreign the shortcomings of the denominationalism, but mission boards to higher authorities for the col- interdenominational unification in common work lection of money only. The Roman Catholic on a large scale is already in view. If the regions Church is attempting the experiment. Would it of denominational narrowness are toned down too be wise to follow its leadership in this field which far will there not be danger of indifference and of must be handled so discreetly? looseness in church adherence?

Much might be gained if it were possible so to Almost every proposal looks inviting at first, amalgamate and to concentrate educational ef- but in view of the rash enthusiasm of the Comforts, either for the colleges and universities or missioners, the wisdom of the International Misextending the cooperation downward to the high sionary Council is evident in making haste slowly. schools, the secondary schools or even the primary schools. The example of the Roman Catholic The Report puts its finger on many sore points strategy is alluring, but how far is it practicable? in the Protestant missionary movement, and it Will the academic institutions of British India, never shrinks from giving clear cut advice. In originating from Great Britain and from North this respect it may serve as a healthy stimulant. America, ever be amalgamated that way? Will We can wish that the eyes of the general missionthat ever be possible in China? Would it be pos- ary public should be turned from the much desible to pool the financial resources coming from a bated parts I and IV and concentrated on the numscore of denominations with different ideals, such berless practical questions of part II and III so as the Baptists and the high church Anglicans? that the situations described there might be care- fully studied, and the recommendations given more adequate consideration.

T. he Indian Mission of Fellowship The Rt. Rev. J. S. C. Bannerji, Assistant Bishop of La- fectively conveyed except in the spirit of true hore, who was the leader of the Mission of Fellowship friendship and real fellowship. This has given us from the Churches in India to the Churches in Great Brit- a new insight into the problems of missionary ain, thus describes the three months' tour of the principal work in India. centers in Great Britain and Ireland made by the four Indian Christians. The Mission of Fellowship has enabled us to see certain things with reference to the land to which THIS three months has been a new revelation we brought our message. Great Britain when seen to us and we thank God for the riches in in her true perspective, is truly great. She has Christ Jesus that are ours by virtue of the taught us many a truth which we shall carry with age long search of our forefathers for things spir- us back to our own land. itual and unseen in that land of India. We go back with renewed zeal to claim for ourselves and our We have also seen something of the heart of Church the fullness that is ours in Christ Jesus. Christian England. We have seen how much warm sympathy and goodwill and a sincere desire to do the very best for India there is deep down in We have come to consider afresh the question the heart of the Christian people of England. We why in spite of the openness of the heart of India know we can trust them. Enthusiasm for things to receive spiritual truths, there has been in re- spiritual and abiding is very great. When we saw cent years a spirit of resistance against Christ and thousands of men and women gathered to hear the His Gospel. We have seen, as never before, that simple word of God, we realized that deep down in no spiritual message to a foreign land can be ef- their hearts there is a hunger for God.

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Effective Ways of Working I 'rested Methods for Increasing Interest at Home EDITED BY MRS. ESTELLA S. AITCHISON, GRANVILLE, OHIO ~'=I=====================II~'

SPRINGTIME SUGGES- we bow in Japan," "In India we "Resurrection from the dead." TIONS will all salaam," "In China we A description of Easter customs shake our very own hands," etc. in other countries follows, the An Easter Program for children repeating after the Children The decorations suggested for leader well-known greetings- the Easter program are flowers the girls saying, "He is risen," "If children pray together -brought by the children them- and the boys replying, "He is and play together the world is selves if possible-canaries in r i sen indeed." In America saved." cages, artificial butterflies, green Easter cards take the place of and white hangings and Easter Easter calls, visiting and feast- This is the basic thesis of eggs 'providing that their sig- ing, and the church service is "Festive Programs," a series nificance is fully explained. The the great event. Special musical published by the Women's Mis- invitations consist of a card numbers complete this simple sionary Society of the United with a simple white flower but impressive service.* Lutheran Church in America, painted in the corner by the from which we take the follow- children, or represent a bell or April Showers ing suggestions. cluster of bells cut from white cardboard, with dignified in- In an article in The Mission- Based on the holidays or festi- scriptions. Instead of a real ary Link, describing a send-off vals of various countries, the ob- game is suggested a study of the service for a group of new misject is to show that the boys and sionaries, the presiding officer girls in all countries have happy countries in which Easter is remarked that without doubt times just as they do in Amer- celebrated because Christ is the new missionaries had each ica, and that they love their known. Maps are used if de- had many "showers," but she country and its festivities just sired. The children are asked proposed to the assembly that as American children 10 v e to name countries which keep one more be given them-a theirs. In this setting, "Reli- Easter and those which do not, "Shower of Promises" to cheer gious festivals are introduced to lining up as for a spelling match, them on their way. These prombring abo.ut the realization of the leader calling for the Chris- ises came rapidly and spontanethe need of a Saviour in all na- tian countries from one side and ously from the audience as each tions…. Emphasis is put upon one gave some Scriptural promthe similarities instead of the the non-Christian from the ise which had been his or her differences in the nations of the other, the sides vying as to which own stay in life: "Commit thy world. Where a difference is can hold its place longer. Lead- way unto the Lord"; "He shall noted it is explained that it is er explains that while Japan, give his angels charge over the lack of the knowledge of China, etc., do not keep Easter thee" ; "Be careful for noth- Jesus Christ that makes people as a nation, many of their peo- ing"; "My grace is sufficient for different. Racial and color char- ple who have attended our mis- thee"; "In quietness and in conacteristics are ignored. The sion schools and churches do. fidence shall be your strength," programs are simply a 'coming etc. The leader's own contributogether' of the boys and girls The program proper begins tion was most inspiring: "Courof our country and others." with the reading of the Easter age! it is I" (Revised Version). Memory work, handwork, deco- story, Luke 24: 1-10, by a child rations, invitations, music and or its repetition by a group of In a young woman's organizagames are outlined; the last- children, one or more appropri- tion, a shower of paper butternamed-excellent adaptations of ate hymns or carols, and sen- flies fluttered down from an umour familiar games to mission- tence prayers. The leader then brella opened above the group; ary words and actions-are op- explains the changes in spring- each butterfly was inscribed tional in the programs. For time and its consequent appro- with a number corresponding to instance, an adaptation of "Here priateness for the Easter season. that on a piece of missionary lit- We Go 'Round the Mulberry Seed or cocoon development may erature to be claimed by the Bush" begins, "Here we go furnish the visualization. The 'round the world together," and very word Easter comes from· * Booklet obtainable at the Literature in its several choruses the re- an old word meaning April; but frain repeats, "This is the way the meaning of the word which Headquarters, 723 Muhlenberg Building, we know best and celebrate is, 1228 Spruce St., Philadelphia, Pa. Price, 15 cents. [ 215]

recipient. A similar plan uses yond argument. Mrs. Claire part of September (sometimes small paper tags hanging by Goodsill Chandler writes us re- as picnic meetings with quilt threads from the edge of a sus- garding this feature in the piecing as an avocation), the pended umbrella. In May the Galesburg Baptist church. She groups read, discussed and disame purpose is served by a tells how the girls in her Sun- gested the subject matter. In- basket of crepe paper flowers, day-school class, after studying cidentally they rolled up a large each of which is attached to a "On Racial Understanding" number of points in the Baptist missionary leaflet. Half opened (Youth and Christian Life Se- Reading Contest. The demand rosebuds may be used in June. ries), decided to adopt Christian is for more porch parties next All such plans add zest which Americanization as their acti- season. Mrs. Chandler adds: tends to create an appetite for vating project. After inviting "It was a delightfully easy the inspirational reading matter. a successful leader in such work method for encouraging mis- to hold a conference with them, sionary reading; and 0 n c e AFTER THE SCHOOL OF they started out on a schedule started with a dependable lead- of weekly calls in the homes of er it took care of itself." MISSIONS-WHAT? local foreigners-mostly Mexi- N. B.-A cool drink served by Recent suggestions of this De- can, Hungarian, Greeks and the hostess was the limit of the partment have majored on spe- Italians. They give lessons in inevitable "refreshments," thus cial plans for mission study, as English and in many other ways minimizing preparatory work featured in the annual School of show themselves good friends and maximizing attention to the World Friendship. Shall it now and neighbors to the "New subjects in hand. be left with a sense of: There, Americans." The class prothat's over for another year!- an unrelated sidetrip in the grams for the year carry out IMPERSONATING MAGAyear's trek? Or shall it be so the same motive. Each month ZINES integrated with the year's en- is spent considering a different deavor as to be a fundamental country, with the committee in Eternal vigilance is the price and continuous factor? The charge planning decorations, of much besides "liberty." Plans prime essential for the latter programs, refreshments, enter- for stimulating the subscription plan is: tainment, etc., after the manner endeavor must be varied and of the country studied. Showers oft repeated. We are indebted A Missionary-Minded Pastor for Baptist stations, in the coun- to Viola Merritt Lyle, of Turtle tries considered during the Creek, Pennsylvania, for the fol- The Rev. W. N. Sager, of School of Missions, are held lowing excellent contribution: Bucyrus, Ohio, writing in the under the direction of a spe- Evangelical-Messenger, says: cially appointed "Shower Lady," At one of our meetings the litera- ture secretary used impersonations to make her subject matter more inter- The pastor is, or should be, the whose task is to plan appropri- esting. Securing magazine covers leader, director and example in mis- ately for the reception of small from local subscribers to the three sionary study, appeal and response in articles of ascertained need in publications to be considered, she so far as his congregation is unre- Indian stations in Arizona and basted these· decoratively on the white lated to the needs of the unevangel- Montana. These may be placed dresses of a corresponding number of ized. The business of missions is the on a dateless Christmas tree, or enthusiastic women who could be debusiness of the Church, the business in an Indian drum. Amounts of pended upon to give their subject of the Gospel. … This is the supreme money needed for specific ob- matter convincingly. The monologues purpose of the Church. For the nec- jects in stations in China are to ran something as follows: essary recruits we must look to the be dropped into a Chinese lanleaders of these flocks. The shep- tern to "send out the light." 1. I am the Year Book of Prayer. herds are responsible for their train- Come with me and I will show you ing. . . . The task is so important, so Another plan that has proved the fields where our missionaries far-reaching that the utmost loyalty of great value in this church is work. We will visit lonely places in to the Master's Plan and the most en- that of Porch Reading Groups. our land where probably you have during faithfulness must obtain, if Both the Home and the Foreign never gone, and then cross the ocean the work is to be well done. Not only study books seemed so readable to other countries. I will show you would indifference or neglect on the last summer that the local Mis- schools where· the thought of God has part of the pastor limit his useful- sionary Education Committee been so changed that instead of bowness and bring a smaller harvest, but suggested the formation of ing in terror before an idol, the chilthis would depreciate the activity of neighborhood reading groups dren love and worship the Father in the members of his church, and as a for the summer afternoons. heaven. We will see the Spirit of consequence, his church would not ac- Leaders were secured in differ- Christ at work in the colleges, on the complish its share of the work of the ent parts of town, and near-by campus and in the classrooms. Let Great Commission. . ',' Our church, women, girls and available men me take you to hospitals where suflocal and general, is dependent for were invited to become parts of fering people find healing for souls as her success on the mental training, their groups. The Woman's So- well as bodies. . . . Best of all, I will spiritual devotion and loyal obedience ciety bought the books-five of lead you to the Throne of God in earof her pastors to the program and nest prayer for the coming of His leadership of those in authority. the most colorful-each leader Kingdom. 0 come with me this year. making her own selection. Meet- Importance of Follow-Up ing weekly during August and I am the Year Book of Prayer. Projects (She remains standing as the next The paramount value of acti- impersonator enters eagerly and joins vating the study material is be- her.) 2. I am Women and Missions. My sister has offered to show you other people and lands. Now let me take you into the homes of the missionary

EFFECTIVE WAYS OF WORKING

workers and their friends where you May wisdom, knowledge of the work, a five-pointed star with the re- may hear them telling why a mission- enthusiasm and the ability to inter- quest that she secure one recruit ary wants to go to China-or Arizona, est others be yours in good measure. for each point during the year, and what he does through the happy, The duties of your office require writing the names on the succes- crowded days. . . . In my pages you (enumerates duties). For you we sive points and publicly posting will hear girls and boys who have light this White Candle (suits action the stars at the final meeting. learned the joy of Christian living tell to word), as symbol of your office. how they have gone home to show White is made up of all the colors; -MRS. JOHN A. PRICE, Re/ormed their own people the way of life. And so the president must have the sup- Church, Toledo, Ohio. my pictures! What a host of scenes port of all her officers to make her they will show you! Come with me work complete." RECIPES FOR CHINESE through the year: meet my people: EDIBLES hear their stories: laugh with them: (President is then led back to her cry with them: love them. Come, chair and vice-president taken for- Candied Apples journey with me around the world. I ward to be similarly inducted.) am Wotnen and Missions. Small apples (like crab ap- "For you we light the Yellow ples) are cored and dipped in a No.3. I am THE MISSIONARY RE- Candle, as symbol, etc. YeJlow de- sugar sauce (syrup made of VIEW OF THE WORLD. My sister pub- notes life, strength, sunshine-all nec- brown sugar and water cooked lications have offered you many essary in assisting the president to do until brittle when tried in cold attractions, but you need me to com- her work." water). The Chinese have from plete your missionary library. My 5 to 10 apples on each stick. sisters are largely concerned with the A similar ritual is used for the rework of one denomination. But sure- cording secretary for whom a Blue The Chrysanthemum Bowl ly your sympathies are not confined to Candle is lighted as signifying truth, the fields of the Presbyterians alone. steadfastness, faithfulness. For the The Chrysanthemum Bowl is I bring you news of other groups. corresponding secretary, a Rose Can- a Chinese chafing dish in which The Church of England speaks dle, rose denoting the rosy hue which the flame from the alcohol rises through its missionary bishop; the must run through the correspondence, about the bowl of steaming food American Bible Society tours Brazil especially to the sick, shut-ins, be- likE;: the petals of a chrysanthewith you. Laymen and theologians reaved. For the treasurer, a Gold mum. Served with rice and folspeak to you about the things of the Candle is symbolical of money. For lowed by an orange or pumello world-wide Kingdom. The voice of the secretary of supplies, program, (the nearest to that in America "Effective Ways of Working" tells of Christian citizenship, membership, is the grapefruit) it makes a new ways to do the ever-recurring stewardship, literature, etc. (accord- very palatable meal. tasks that grow so stale if done in ing to local roster), as a group, a the same old way every year. Through Green Candle symbolizes growth- Tea Eggs me you may learn what is done in the new members, program, ideas, litera- Council of Women for Home Mis- ture, etc. 1 doz. eggs; 1/2 cup dark tea sions, and the· Federation of Women's Boards. My "World-wide Outlook" All newly installed officers are then leaves; 1 tbsp. salt; 1 stick cinwill keep you posted on current namon. events, and my "Missionary Book- asked to rise and face audience to be shelf" furnishes infinite variety. Boil eggs hard, then crack the Take me to your heart and home. I introduced individually. The install- shells thoroughly and put into a am THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE ing officer asks for support of entire pot with hot water to cover. WORLD. society and administers the following Sprinkle over the top with tea pledge: leaves, add salt and cinnamon, (SeclIre subscriptions at close.) and let simmer slowly long "Do vou, as members of this so- enough to become thoroughly INSTALLATION OF ciety, p'ledge your loyal support and brown inside. OFFICERS whole-hearted cooperation with these officers?" Fish Chinese Style By MRS. C. B. STAUFFER, Lakewood, Ohio Answer, "We do." 1 fish; 2 tbsp. flour; 1 cup All rise, form circle and sing, water; 2 tsp. soy s a u c e ; This service opens with a few "Blest Be the Tie that Binds." Clos- chopped ginger to taste; 1 tsp. remarks appropriate to the or- ing prayer. Chinese onion; 1 tsp. brown ganization, given by an install- supar; salt. ing officer, after which the METHODS BRIEFS chairman of the nominating Clean fish and fry in deep fat. committee comes forward and Accentuate interest and ac- Drain. When wanted for use, addresses the officer somewhat tivity in any missionary group reheat in the following sauce: as follows: by dividing its membership into Prepare thick sauce of flour, wa- two sections named after the ter and salt. Cook five minutes, We present to you these women fields or subjects for the cur- add soy sauce, chopped onion, who have been selected to carryon rent year's study-Chinese and ginger and sugar. the work of our Women's Home Mis- Indians this year-and have sion Society fQr the coming year. We them vie with each other for Sweet Potatoes, Roasted believe they possess the qualifications points such as attendance, dues Chestnuts necessary to do their work cheerfully, or offerings, new members obthoughtfully, prayerfully. Each has tained, etc. These are two popular foods been chosen for her special adapta- sold on the streets, baked in a tion to the work of her office and it is For reporting a convention or portable stove, often "called" in with pleasure that we present them. associationaI meeting: Have one the s t r e e t s .-From Chinese person-presumably an invalid Dishes for Occidentals. (Chairman of nominating commit- or stay-at-home-sewing in her tee then leads new president to plat- own living room when one or form and introduces her.) more callers come in and tell with animation, as news, the Installing Officer: "The honor that main points of the meeting to· is yours is not greater than the re- be reviewed. This takes away sponsibility which the office conveys. the formality of a report.

Give each member in the fall

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BULLETIN OF The Council of Women for Home Missions ANNE SEESHOLTZ, EXECUTIVE SECRETARY, 105 EAST TWENTY-SECOND STREET, NEW YORK I ~,,~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ CONTINUING PRAYER could pray that "the Chinese difficulties of the migrant la- soldiers be victorious," her reply borers have been multiplied a On March 3, 1933, individu- was that as Christians they hundredfold. In times of plenty als and groups who are follow- would "ask God the Father of the migrant laborer is the last ers of Him, who came to give all to aid in the victory of the to share; in times of distress life and more life, to all men, country which had the greatest he is the first to be eliminated prayed to be faithful in walk- contribution to make to the hap- from the educational, health and ing the same Way of Life. Mrs. piness of the peoples of the recreational plans of the com- C. C. Chen of Shanghai, who world." munity. After years of neglect, prepared the program for medi- migrant schools were organized tation and prayer which was Therefore with all this host for the migrant children in Caliused all round the world, has of witnesses encircling us, we fornia. In 1932 everyone of growing children whom she must strip off every handicap these schools in one county was would guard from venom of the . . . run our appointed course closed; now hospitals have in hatred of Japanese children. 'So steadily with our eyes fixed upon some cases closed their doors to they are taught at this time of Jesus as the pioneer and the per- the "migrant." great tenseness between the na- fecter of faith.-{Hebrews 12: tions that in Japan are families 111o.ffat translation.} At this time of curtailment in with grandparents, fathers and all these programs, the life of mothers and children like them- THE CRISIS IN THE WORK the migrant laborer is further selves; and, that the suffering AMONG MIGRANT burdened by irregular employof the many people both Chinese CHILDREN and Japanese is caused by mili- ment and wage cuts from 25 % tarists rather than by followers In these days when the atten- to 50 %. They receive forty of the Prince of Peace. When tion of each is centered on the one of her sons asked if one needs in his own community the cents instead of one dollar and fifty cents as in 1928 for pick- ROSALJE READY FOR HER BATH ing one hundred pounds of cot- ton. In some crops children of [ 218 ] five and six years are found working in the fields to add even a few cents to the family earn- ings in spite of school attend- ance laws.

Word has come from a field in the West that the "starvation period" has arrived. In Janu- ary and February from the East, in New Jersey, comes the report of terrific floods. The shacks, already elevated on stilts to escape the incoming tide, are flooded. Eight hundred "mi- grants" are sleeping on army cots in available buildings in the town. One large oyster house is so damaged that business has ceased and many of these people have been thrown out of work with no money or food. From five to eight hundred are being fed daily by the churches in the neighborhood. The Red Cross has been enlisted. Never has the work of the Council in this field been so valued by the com-

1!l33] BULLETIN OF THE COUNCIL 011' WOMEN .FOR HOME MISSIONS

munity and the migrant families was demonstrated by the num- for strengthening it, but there as in these days of crisis. With ber who in this time of economic was also a strong conviction the added difficulties in the mi- stress were in attendance at the that in it, along with disarmagrant situation have come added Eighth Conference on the Cause responsibilities to the Council of and Cure of War held in Wash- ment, lay the only hope of the Women for Home Missions. As ington' D. C., January 17-20, of world for permanent peace. a result the year's work closed this year. The delegates from That public opinion, as repre- December 31 with a deficit of the eleven national women's or- sented in these women's organover seven hundred dollars. You ganizations which cooperate in izations, has progressed during may know of individuals or or- this annual conference came the eight years that these conganizations who could help. from all parts of the country, ferences have been held toward north, south, east and west, and a manifest desire for greater in- AGAIN WE SAY, represented groups of women in ternational cooperation is shown many varied activities, such as by the "Declarations of Princi- "Let No Man Despise Your Youth!" clubs, Leagues of Women Vot- ples" unanimously adopted by ers, Y. W. C. A., W. C. T. V., the conference, which is as fol- James Frederick Green, Yale missionary societies and church lows: 1932, representative of the Na- tional Student Disarmament groups of various kinds. The After eight years of exploration into the causes and cures of war by Council of V. S. A., in his ad- organized church women were means of a program based on condress to the World Disarma- delegates of the Council of ment Conference, Geneva, Feb- Women for Home Missions or sidered study and action, we, the ruary 2, 1932, said in part: the Federation of Woman's members of the Conference on the Cause and Cure of War, make the After contemplating the events pre- Boards of Foreign Missions following Declaration of Principles: ceding the catastrophe of 1914 we re- which are two of these eleven main unconvinced as to the wisdom of member organizations of the 1. We believe that international coour predecessors. . . . We respect the National Committee on the operation and international concilianoble war dead, but we question the Cause and Cure of War. tion must proceed on a wide front judgment of those responsible for and without further delay through their death. The theme for the conference governmental and through private was "War and Waste," and the and public agendes. Organized slaughter, we realize, program included some very does not settle a dispute; it merely realistic presentations of the 2. We believe in the political intersilences an argument. . . . situation in the world today in dependence of nations. its bearing upon international The other speakers have much at 3. We believe in the economic instake; we have even more, for we terdependence of nations. are literally fighting for our lives. I 4. We believe in the active promo- tion through governmental and other stand before you as an attorney for relations, and the machinery set channels of the cultural relations of the defense, pleading for a reprieve. up since the World War for the the nations. . . . It is the young men and women prevention of war. Among the 5. We believe in the creation and of my age who will be commanded mobilization of an informed public to commit suicide. It is my genera- speakers were Dr. Stephen P. opinion, in order to exert a continution which will be requested to de- ous pressure on the Executive and stroy the best of human culture, per- Duggan, who gave a most inter- the Congress of the United States of haps civilization itself, for causes esting account of conditions in which future historians will discover South America; Dr. Mary E. America so that the principles here- in enunciated may be translated into to be erroneous, if not utterly stupid Woolley, who spoke on "The or actually vicious. We have thus Status of Disarmament"; Mr. measures effective for world unity lost interest in being prepared for Ralph H. Stimson, who talked and world peace. cannon fodder. about the war provoking influ- ences of the manufacture of Among the resolutions passed In a sense, I am presenting an ulti- armament, and Mrs. Vera M. by the conference was one exmatum, rather than a petition. For Dean, who gave an address on pressing satisfaction with the behind your deliberations stands star- "Russia Plans a New Order." policy for implementing the ing down at us the specter of Death. In the program also, were Pact of Paris announced by the We desire to live and to live at peace. Round Table discussions on war Hoover administration and its We desire to construct a world so- debts, disarmament, and the Far appreciation of the stand taken ciety providing freedom, equal op- Eastern situation, all led by ex- by the incoming President in reportunity, and a sense of security. perts on these subjects. The affirming the necessity of strict We desire to make possible for every final session closed with an ad- maintenance of treaty obligahuman being full development of per- tions. Another resolution exsonality in terms of the highest human and spiritual values we know.

EIGHTH CONFERENCE ON dress by President Neilson of pressed approval of the Joint THE CAUSE AND CURE Smith College, who spoke of the Resolution b e for e Congress OF WAR "Chances for Peace in the World granting to the President the power to prohibit the exporta- Today."

By ELINOR K. PURVES As the discussions proceeded tion of arms to nations at war, That women are vitally inter- through the four days of the where in his opinion a sufficient ested in the movement for inter- conference it was made clear to number of nations are willing to national cooperation and world all that the peace machinery of cooperate in such actions, and peace and are willing to make the world had many weaknesses urged favorable action by Con- sacrifices in order to secure it and that there was great need gress.

One of the features of the Following Christ is no less the addresses, but broke up into conference was the jury of than living Christ. smaller group conferences for twelve which listened to the dis- the discussion of the many difficussions and at the final session Live Christ culties that are preventing the brought in as Findings the Dec- nations of the world from atlaration of Principles referred Live Christ! – and though the way taining permanent peace. Some to above, and the "Objectives for may be of the problems included "Four 1933" for the member organiza- Public Enemies – Armaments, tions, the main purpose of the In this world's sight adversity, Debts, Tariffs, and War Costs"; conference being to set up a He who doth heed thy every need "Has the United States a Peace program around which the De- Policy?"; "International Mapartments of International Re- Shall give thy soul prosperity. chinery to Bring Peace"; "The lations of these organizations Church and War"; "Christianmay build their respective pro- Live Christ! – and though the road ity and Coercion." gram for the year. may be A Peace Picture Exhibit was The "Objectives for Action" The narrow street of poverty shown in connection with the He had not where to lay His head, conference. Numbering 451 call upon the women of these or- cartoons, posters, photographs ganizations to arouse public Yet lived in largest liberty. and pictures on the war-peace opinion in favor of (1) the im- issue, this display showing the Live Christ! – and though the road horrors of war is considered one mediate ratification of the World may be of the finest collections of its Court Protocols; (2) the dec- kind. It was collected by Dr. The straight way of humility laration of an embargo on arms He who first trod that way of God Francis N. Onderdonk, head of to nations at war after the President has secured the coopera- Will clothe thee with his dignity. the Department of Architecture at the University of Michigan, tion of other nations; (3) the Live Christ! – and though thy life and an ardent pacifist. It is concontinual implementing of the may be sidered unusual from an artistic standpoint as well as for its con- Pact of Paris by nonrecognition In much a valedictory, tents. Pre-war painters as well of situation brought about con- The heavy cross brings seeming loss, as the most modern type of Ger- man and Dutch artists were reptrary to its obligations; (4) the But wins the crown of victory. resented, among them, Otto Dix, whose series of prints on the achievement of definite results Live Christ !-and all thy life shall be brutalities of war have labeled during the second stage of the A High Way of Delivery- him as "the Erich Remarque of etchers." Disarmament Conference along A royal road of goodly deeds, certain definite lines, and (5) Gold-paved with sweetest charity. CONTINUING PRAYER the entrance of the United Live Christ !-and all thy life shall be On the first Friday in Lent, A sweet uplifting ministry, February 16, 1934, Christian States into the World Economic women and men young and old Conference without reservations A sowing of the fair white seeds and the children, too, will gather That fruit through all eternity. again in the world fellowship of and with freedom to discuss the -John Oxenham. prayer and giving for others. problems relating to the present Mrs. Lewis Hofmeyer of Cape- YOUNG PEOPLE'S PEACE town, Africa, is preparing the economic crisis. CONFERENCE program on the theme "Pray for the Peace of Jerusalem." In the The Council of Women for The realization that the bur- November issue of the MISSION- dens of the next war will fall on ARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD will Home Missions and the Federa- the shoulders of the younger be found the report of the world generation and that a deep sense observance in 1932. tion of Woman's Boards of For- of responsibility rests with them in thwarting propaganda which Mrs. Poling chose as her eign Missions have accepted would precipitate another crisis theme for the March meeting of led the New York Quakers to the Administrative Committee these objectives as the basis for call a two-day Young People's of the Council the year's work, together with Peace Conference, which was held on February 12 and 13 at "According to your faith be it unto those parts of the Federal Coun- the Friends Meeting House, 221 you" and East 15th Street, New York cil's "Memorial on World Peace" City. "A new commandment I give unto you, which related to disarmament, that ye Four hundred and fifty deleinternational cooperation and gates between the ages of fifteen Love one another, as I have loved and thirty-five from churches, you." the World Court, all of which synagogues, schools and colleges are very similar to actions and in New York, New Jersey and recommendations of the Confer- surrounding communities heard ences on the Cause and Cure of Norman Thomas, Frederick J. War. The women of the Libby, Dr. Edmund B. Chaffee, churches, if they accept this pro- minister of Labor Temple, Program, will then be uniting with fessor Allen G. Alley of the other groups of women in nine League of Nations Association, national organizations, and with and Dr. Louis 1. Newman, New the churches represented in the York rabbi, discuss various as- Federal Council in a united ef- pects of the peace problem. The fort to further the cause of in- young people not only took part ternational cooperation for the in the general forums following prevention of war.

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n Our W orld–wide Outlook lr it A Missionary Newspaper of Current Events ~'-I_~'"—–'~"'-"""""'-=–====—=~==-=—-==~==~–=I~~ INDIA-BURMA legislative councils as against 71 the average length of stay here was formerly. They will sit there, 2.03 years. In time the average length Waning Interes,t in Hinduism not as members of the "de- of stay will incline to be shorter. pressed classes," but of the These all go on six months' parole. Twelve years ago half a mil- Hindu community. While politi- The average number of those who relion pilgrims bathed in the God- cally Mr. Gandhi's fast has been turn after parole is 37.5 per cent. It aviri River at Nasik; last year a success there is still a grave may be assumed that most if not all a hundred thousand visited the problem presented by certain of those who do not return are conholy place. These were two orthodox groups who refuse to tinuing to keep well. Of those who Sinhasta Years when the planet give up their ancient customs of have returned the number of relapses Jupiter enters the sign of Leo caste. Unless this is done Mr. is 13 per cent, but none of these were and the water in Ram's Pool is Gandhi announces another fast serious; save in rare cases their nonbelieved to have unique purify- -this time unto death.-J. J. infectivity remained untouched, and ing power. Though ancient In- BANNINGA, Pasumalai, India. they all yielded to brief further treatdia continues to assure the world ment. We keep trace of the Christhat the life of renunciation is Do Not Close the Garo Schools tians who go from the hospital, the way to God, yet it seems evi- through their Christian pastors; with dent that this search is gripping Christian Garos support forty the others we have no such intermedithe Indian people less and less evangelists who work among ary. We should like to keep our "diseach year. Other interests are children in the Garo Hill vil- ease arrested" patients longer under surging forward and religion is lages where the American Bap- observation, but the daily pressure is dropping into the background tists have a mission. As soon as too heavy. particularly among the intelli- these children learn even a little gentsia. If this modern attitude they are never again contented -Without the Camp. is a protest against the sterile re- with all the silly, useless form of sults achieved by overemphasiz- eviil spirit worship. Knowing A United Work for Outcastes ing renunciation, it is a whole- this, many villages will not persome step in advance. If, on the mit a school to be opened, so if Alwaye, in north Travancore, other hand, it means that all re- any of the fifty-seven schools are has become a field of united ligion is to be tabooed, it spells closed it means the end of or- Christian effort on the part of danger for the future.-WILBUR ganized Christian work in that Jacobite and Mar Thoma Syrian S. DEMING in The Missionary village. Recently a conference churches, and the Anglican. The Herald. was held in the Garo Hills at settlement was begun by a group which forty Garo representa- of young Indian and English Legislation by Fasting tives and nine missionaries sat men to grapple in a Christian together for six hours a day for way with the problems of the de- Can you imagine Dr. Daniel four days, discussing many prob- pressed classes. The obj ectives Poling threatening to fast to lems of the work, especially in of the group might be summardeath if America does not posi- regard to retrenchment. The ized as follows: to spread the tively and definitely go "Dry"? Garos pleaded that these schools Gospel among outcastes and to If Dr. Poling did such a thing might somehow be kept open, for help in their uplift, so that real would he get more than condem- often the teacher is the only oneness in Christ might be realnation as a publicity stunt Christian village leader. ized, to train Christian leaders puller? No-not in the United from among the outcastes, to fo- States. But in India-there we – Watchman-Examiner. cus the attention of educated have a different psychology. people on the village problems Nothing strange about Mr. Leprosy Arrested of India, to draw together Chris- Gandhi's method there. Tele- tians of East and West, and grams flew about the country Rev. G. M. Kerr of DichpaIi lastly, to give to students of Unand officers of high rank got Leper H 0 s pit a I, Hyderabad, ion Christian College the chalbusy to see what could be done writes: lenge that higher education for when he began his fast. The de- the Christian should result in pressed classes, numbering about The last eight months have seen 184 higher service. There are still 65,000,000, really gain a great patients discharged as "disease ar- 300,000 non-Christian outcastes deal politically, for they will now rested"-our biggest number as yet in Travancore. occupy 148 seats in the various within such a period, but undoubtedly treatment is becoming more intensive -C. M. S. Outlook. and more speedy in result. Of the last 300 discharges in this category Dacca Mission to Students [221 ] For the last forty years a spe- cial feature of the Dacca Mission

has been the evangelistic work tracts for Moslems. Thus the Burma, non-Christian as well as among students, and some no- School has great potentialities Christian.

table Indian Christian leaders for reaching the whole of India's CHINA have been won as the result of 77,000,000 Mohammedans. -The Mission Field. this quiet, personal, persistent Multiplying Dollars work – through Bible classes, Origin of Gospel Teams Dr. Percy T. Watson writes lectures and social intercourse. The Burma Gospel Team work from Harwood Memorial Hos- This old Moslem capital of East- was started by Mr. Dyer about pital in Fenchow: ern Bengal is the center of a 1923 and the work grew steadily. populous area, and the seat of a In 1930 the Team met a man "For years this hospital has great university. A little group in India who had been changed had to economize on furniture. by his contacts with the Oxford Most of patients' beds had no of Christians was discovered Group and they found that they bedside chairs. The best rooms there in 1817. They were called had much in common. Many of had no dressers or chairs, and "Truth Teachers," and had in the methods, much of the ap- even bedside tables were at a their possession, carefully pre- proach, and all the desires for premium. From a small town of the ultimate goal were the same. less than a thousand people in a served in a wooden box, a much- The Kingdom of God Movement rural section of the United States worn volume from which they in Japan has the same motive a lady sat down and wrote a derived their spiritual guidance. as do the Gospel teams. One hu- check on the small local bank and Noone could say whence the man source common to all these enclosed it in an envelope ad- m 0 v e men t s was Henry B. dressed to the Fenchow Hospital. book had come, but they stated Wright of Yale, who taught suc- No letter accompanied it. That that they had possessed it for ceeding student groups from thin envelope brought many fat many years. It was a copy of 1900 to 1924, and Frank Buch- things-tables, chairs and Chi- Carey's first Bengali version of man, Samuel Shoemaker and V. nese dressers, which averaged the New Testament, printed at W. Dyer were among the num- together, made the cost of each Serampore in 1800. The book ber.-Watchman-Examiner. article only a little over $1.00 in had been Christ's messenger be- American money. This Amerifore any preacher had arrived. Student Questions can check on a small, out-of-the- way American bank was cashed Thirty years ago a hostel was The Rev. Paul J. Braisted of in Tientsin by the North China Judson College, Rangoon, Bur- Mission treasurer, changed into provided and accommodates !50 ma, writes that the modern Chinese money without discount university students. Its ChrIs- at the same rate as a New York tian influence upon the constantly changing groups is im- measurable. -Missionary Herald.

Lahore's School of Islamics Burmese students are keen and draft, and netted in fact $2.00 more in Chinese money than did The Henry Martyn School of earnest sewahrcehnerDs r.afJtoesreptrhutqh.. an international money order Islamics in Lahore was founded Recently for $10.00 American money a few years ago in recognition cashed at the local post office." of the need for better equipment Robbins, Secretary of the AmerIof missionaries in presenting -The Congregationalist. Christianity to India's Moslem can Baptist Foreign Mission Sopopulation. The School has set Schools for the Deaf itself to study Islam in all its ciety visited Rangoon the folbearings, to study Christianity The deaf are the only class of in its relationship with Islam, lowing questions were among people in the world who cannot thereby to help the Christians of be evangelized until they have India to understand Islam; and those propounded to him by the been taught in special schools. then to help missionaries and There are now ten such schools evangelists all over India to students in the Mission College: for the deaf in China, seven defiadopt such methods and litera- nitely under Christian manageture as will meet the problem. What are the marks which should ment. They are not reaching Besides this research, the School more than 400 deaf children out is teaching and writing. For separate a Christian from others? of at least 40,000 who cannot those who cannot make personal hear and should be in schools. contact with the School, "The Need a man who leads a pure and People of the Mosque" has been The forty-four pupils in the prepared. This is the first at~ true life believe in Jesus Christ to go Chefoo school have given a contempt to furnish in textbook tact with many homes and Chiform all the different things a to Heaven? nese people of all classes who What happens to people who follow know very little about the Chris- tian religion. other than Christian religious teach- ers?

Is it possible to live a completely un- selfish life? . .. Can a rich man live a ChrIstIan life? K. Is it possible to establish the mg- dom of God on earth?

Is there a God? How can I get a vital Christian ex- perience? . ?

Do animals have Immortal souls.

Further questions covered the missionary to Moslems needs to range of creation, revelation Evangelizing the Farmers know of Islam. An Urdu edition and denominations. The group is in preparation. The literary included representatives from A mixed Bible school for output also includes a series of all the major racial groups of farmers and students held at

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

Mienchow in the summer of laymen, medical missionaries, level, approached through rob- 1931 proved so helpful that it and a number of foreign repre- ber-infested country, and the was decided to follow it up by sentatives of institutions and or- seat of an important lamasery, regular e van gel i s tic effort ganizations for the relief of has been occupied. Denja, whose among farmers. Under the lead- lepers, research, and treatment monastery has been visited at in- ership of the Rev. Wu Shuen-hsi for the disease. The attention tervals and is subject to Lhamo, some of the senior students at of the Conference was centered will also soon be occupied. This Mienchow Middle School formed chiefly on the leprosy situation marks real progress in the occu- themselves into an evangelistic in China, distribution of the dis- pation of Tibet. On the Indian- band, and various members, with ease, medical treatment and re- Tibetan border Moravian evan- a leader, went at week ends to search, and consideration of the gelists, who have returned from neighboring farmsteads. They future of leprosy work in China. a journey into Ladakh, report an conducted a lantern service on This Conference has furnished encouraging welcome by the peo- Saturday evening, and the next a stimulus to greater vigilance, ple and a thirst to hear and to day held services for men, and stronger effort in combating read the Gospel. women and children. At one the menace of leprosy. -World Evangelization.

farm, especially, these meetings -Without the Camp. Christian Leadership proved most fruitful. The head farmer burnt his idols publicly West China's Woman Pioneer The following statement was and instituted family worship made recently by Wong Kueiinstead. Since then the work Fourteen young women were Sheng of Nanking: "We Chinese has developed rapidly, and to- graduated last year from West day there are about twenty peo- Christians will not be always reple in that district who worship China Un ion University at peating the names of Jesus and Christ.-C. M. S. Outlook. Chengtu, Province of Szechuan. of God, or confining our energies As each received her diploma, to the preaching of creeds; but Prices for Hospital Care the largest ovation was given to we shall go out and actually save Helen Yoh, a graduate in medi- "If you came to our doors," and liberate and nourish and writes the Superintendent of the cine, the first woman to receive a build up the character and life Presbyterian Hospital at Weih- medical degree from any Szech- of every man who is enslaved by sien Station, "you could have a uan institution. Her father is the power of sin, and so demonnice ward bed, food, nurse's and strate our religious faith." doctor's care, all for 12 cents in almost a millionaire from the U. S. money per day; or you Chinese point of view, and is A similar note is sounded by could go second class with pri- tremendously pro u d of this ,Chao Tzu-Chien, of Yencheng vate room for 60 cts. If you daughter. He 'is a man of the Un i v e r sit y: "Gloriously the were very wealthy, you could go old school and has two wives first class with private nurse, living. The old father is very spirit of Jesus lives forever. If special heating and solitude for my fellow Christians and my $1.20 per day. If you are a third deaf, and uses an ear trumpet countrymen follow His holy exclass patient, your appendix with long rubber tube. Not long would be removed for $2.00, or ago one of the missionaries tried ample with all their hearts and if you want an amputation it is to persuade him to give up this with all their strength, what $2.00, or if you need an X-ray it fear is there for salvation, what is $1.75. If you have leprosy, old-fashioned contrivance, and buy a small electric affair. But fear for man's life?" he would not listen to any such A third statement comes from advice, and said, "I am known Wu Lei-Chuan, former Vice- all over this part of the country Minister of Education: "The de- as the man with the long ear." velopment of China's future is in the hands of the young men of plans are being made to take – Watchman-Examiner. today. Jesus alone is competent care of you. In any given to lead them and worthy of their month we can count upon at In Tibet worship."-Christian Observer.

least 25 who will come in to have The Chinese-Tibetan border JAPAN bullets extracted, after a visit no longer bars the missionary, from bandits. But we are not and Christian guests may take Peace Sentiment looking for patients, for seventy unhindered journeys. Missionare now filling our sixty-nine There is in Japan a liberal aries who have taken into Tibet group to whom war is becoming beds. their wives and children during National Leprosy Conference the summer season have thus abhorrent, however serious the secured firm friends. Chinese provocation. From onoe school The first National Conference control has been effectively ap- comes the news that in chapel on Leprosy to be held in China plied over some important Tibe- prayer had been offered daily met in Shanghai on October 5-6, tan centers and facilitates mis- "for the soldiers on both sides." 1932, under the auspices of the sionary occupation. Lhamo, a Another writes, "Weare holding Chinese Mission to Lepers. The nomad center three days' ride wee k I y interdenominational membership of the Conference beyond the Chinese border, prayer meetings to pray for included Chinese medicals and twelve thousand feet above sea peace."

The following stanza is from was organized in 1904 with 24 Evangelistically-Minded Korea the pen of Kagawa: members; today its membership is over 800. One hundred and Because both missionaries and "Again I have become the child of an thirty-six were baptized in the Korean Christian leaders have aching heart, new edifice and many were re- emphasized prayer, Bible study ceived into full church member- and witness bearing, the Korean Carrying the burden of Japan's ship. The new building is not Church has always been evan- crime, large enough to accommodate gelistically-minded. The largest the church school which meets recorded attendance in a Bible Begging pardon of China and of the in open sheds adjoining the class for women was 1,300, and world for men, 1,800. There have church building. Rev. Takie been several "Forward Move- With a shattered soul; Okumura has been the pastor Again I am a child of sadness." and inspiration of the church. ments." In the "Great Revival of 1907," prayer and confession -Christian Advocate. -The Christian Century. of sin were very prominent.

Three Days with Kagawa Rev. C. J. L. Bates, D.D., President of the Kwansei Ga- kuin in. west Japan, outlines Give Us Religion Only Three years later, in the "Mil- Kagawa's program of three day lion Souls Movement," there meetings for students, and char- A Buddhist priest asked Rev. were one hundred thousand Clarence F. McCall of Niigata, acterizes them as masterly dem- Japan, to come and pay his peo- days' preaching and 700,000 onstrations of rare intellectual ple a visit. "Bring your stere- copies of the Gospel of Mark power. His underlying purpose opticon slides," said he. "All were distributed. As a result, in these studies of the relation of right," replied Mr. McCall, "I will give you an evening of pic- the number of communicants in science and religion was to show tures showing American and the Korean Pre s b y t e ria n the inadequacy of the material- Japanese scenery, health hints, Church, U. S. A., increased in istic view. In the first address farm animals, and perhaps a bit four years from 12,500 to 32,- he traced modern scientific ideas, on morality or religion." An 500; and the total number of and showed the trend of thought astonishingly prompt reply came adherents from 44,000 to 110,- away from the materialistic to- -"I want pure religion, weav- 000. The gains of those revival wards a more spiritual interpre- ing in morality," announced the tation of reality. priest. So for a half hour Mr. years have never been lost. McCall spoke on the relation of There was also the "Kim Ik Tu His second "address discussed morality and religion and for the principles of Marxian eco- one hour and a half he showed Revival" in Seoul, in the fall of nomics, and challenged its claims his slides on "THE LIFE OF 1920, when 600 were present at to explain human interest and CHRIST." early morning prayer meetings, activity, affirming the conviction and 6,000 at evening meetings. In one offering, besides money, that it is only in the application of Christian love to the solution two hundred finger rings, two gold watches, twenty silver of social problems that these Baby Week in Seoul watches, clothes and bridal ornapressing problems can be solved. ments were received.

The third address examined The Child Welfare Union of Three times in connection the mechanistic view of life, and Seoul has an annual "Baby with government expositions in "Behaviorism," in a thorough Week." Dr. Y. S. Koo is its med- Seoul, evangelistic halls were set and convincing analysis; and ical director. Among the many made clear the impossibility of instructive booths was one for up near the entrance gate, and providing for choice and moral dental examination and advice; tens of thousands heard the Gosdistinction on the basis of such another to demonstrate baby pel preached. The present hypothesis. foods, where were shown many Forward Movement is a three- things the Korean women did year program, initiated in 1931 While speaking he uses a not know were allowable in a and is a j oint program of brush and India ink to draw baby's diet; one showed how to Methodist and Presbyterian graphs and diagrams. Each of bathe and dress an infant and Churches. The first year was his three addresses was two still another displayed 100 one of prayer, consecration, hours long. health posters loaned by the Bible reading and study. The Red Cross. There were also second is a year of evangelism -United Church Record. talks on the causes and preven- and the third is to be a year for tion of disease, and a model Ko- the widest possible distribution Makiki's New Church rean house was shown. At the and sale of Christian literature. end of two days some six hun- The Makiki Castle Congrega- -The Presbyterian. tional church is modeled after an old castle built at Yamato in dred people had come to see the "You Can't Preach There" 1560 by Lord Hisade, a Chris- exhibition. Large crowds came tian. It was the first Christian at night to see moving pictures Kimsi Tok Hung, unlike most place of worship in Japan, and on hygiene and health. One of our Korean friends, is not was called Tenshukaku – the hundred and eighty-five prizes poor. She had intended sending "Place to Worship the Lord of were awarded. Heaven." The Makiki Church a Bible woman to some needy -Korean Mission Field. village when someone said to

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

her, "But why don't you give Rural Life Institutes years of opportunity, but I am glad yourself as well as your money?" A distinct contribution to ru- that now I am not afraid to read and She decided to give her service, ral life in the Philippines when study the greatest book in the world. her time, and strength, and went the National Christian Council, out, voluntarily, to tell the Story. in cooperation with agricultural -Christian Advocate. Some time later it came to her heart to go to the village of high schools, insular, provincial NORTH AMERICA Song Gari, but the Sam Dung and municipal government offi- Century of Progress Crusade folk remonstrated, "Noone can cials and other agencies, con- Probably the most epochal preach there; they have beat up united church program ever ateveryone who has tried to." ducted six Rural Life Institutes Kimsi replied that it would be in the autumn of 1932. An im- tempted in the history of Chia new experience for her! She posing array of talent provided cago is the call to 1,000 churches is a good path breaker and im- information, entertainment and and 500,000 inactive church mediately got a hearing in this worship. Attendance at lectures members to participate in a vast proud village which had in past and demonstrations ran from world's fair religious movement. days been a well-to-do commu- thirty to 250, and audiences that Those expected to cooperate innity but through drink and vice gathered for evening programs clude 800 churches of 19 denomi- of addresses and music num- nations, representing the Chi- was in very poor circumstances bered from 500 to 2,000. These cago Church Federation. Inwith lands poorly farmed. Some institutes form the link between stead of having an evangelistic thirty, mostly men, accepted the national rural life meeting campaign with centrally located Christ and gave up drink and attended by 36 pastors, deacon- meetings, addressed by visiting tobacco. Later, the Pyengyang esses; farmers and missionaries evangelists, the program aims Men's Missionary Society sent from 18 provinces last March, to strengthen the morale of inout a man evangelist to follow and the short courses for farm- dividual churches, and to inspire up. In less than a year's time ers to be held .throughout the the membership to attend and the three saloons of the village archipelago as soon as possible. give financial support, and to have been obliged to close their lead better Christian lives. doors! The past summer's crop -Christian Council Bulletin. was better because of the new in- Already 20,000 workers, repdustry of the men. Three weeks "A Dangerous Book" resenting three major sections ago when Mr. Hill went there of the city, have been trained for the first time he found a Hon. Teodoro R. Yangco was and are ready to work when the congregation of eighty. resident commissioner in Wash- Century of Progress Exhibition ington for the Philippines some opens in June. -MARY HILL of Pyengyang. years ago. He is now past sixty-five, is one of the Island's -Presbyterian Advance.

distinguished citizens, known far In Hell's Kitchen ISLANDS OF THE PACIFIC and wide for his Christian phi- Rev. E. G. W. Meury, D.D., of lanthropy. Speaking before a Challenge of the Celebes convention of pastors and Sun- the Dutch Reformed Church, has day school workers in Manila, he The sprawling, octopus-like is- said: finished thirty years as pastor of land of Celebes lies almost directly south of the Philippines, Before the United States came to Knox Memorial Coli e g i ate 150 miles east of Borneo. Within the Philippines, the Bible was a closed its 69,000 square miles are 53 book. But today, how different! The Chapel in "Hell's Kitchen," New distinct languages. Missionary Bible is open. Sunday schools and York City. During this pastorwork has gone on for a century, churches are free to think. The old practically all fostered by Dutch days of religious oppression are gone ate 807 church members have Protestant churches. To men- forever, thanks to the liberating power tion only the larger racial of Protestant Christianity. been received, of whom 709 were groups, there are 200,000 Menados; 100,000 Toradjas; 1,500,- When I was a small boy my mother on confession of faith. Thirty 000 Boegis; and 600,000 Makas- got hold of a Bible. Curious with in- years ago English, German and sar. A large number of the To- terest, she began to read it. She did Irish were the languages of the not know that the Spanish priest parish while today thirty-two would disapprove. One day the padre languages and dialects are in called at our home. Innocently my use. Nearly half the street signs mother brought out the Bible and said, are in Greek. There is no mo- "See, I have a Bible." notony in the work of this par- ish. Hit by the depression, all radjas have become Christian; "Ah," replied the priest, "that is a the members have taken the a part of their territory is occu- dangerous book for you to read. You blows with a smile, and the unpied by the Salvation Army. The must burn it." With fear and trembling my mother employed have been cared for burned the book then and there. That Menandos are nearly all nominal event made a great impression on my by the sharing of those more for- Christians, and are noticeably youthful mind. I grew up to believll tunate, as they did in the early "westernized." Boegis and Ma- Church. The benevolences of the kassar territories are still un- it was unsafe, and my dear mother congregation have not been re- died believing it was unsafe to read duced, but increased. occupied. Islam and paganism the Bible. I never read it until a few -Christian Intelligencer. holds them in bonds. years ago. I am sorry for those lost

Save Life League Colored Churchmen to Be The teaching of religion and all Twenty-six years ago Dr. Represented acts of devotion or worship are Harry M. Warren of New York forbidden. All but five of the City, founded the nat ion a I By a vote of three to one the native teachers will be dismissed "Save-a-Life League," which has diocesan convention of Upper and all but two of the Americans as its chief purpose the saving South Carolina, has opened the will leave the plant. One hunof persons who contemplate sui- way for representation of col- dred and fifty students must cide. Dr.' Warren recently re- ored churchmen in diocesan af- hereafter secure their education ported that he had in these years fairs. The resolution which re- in government schools. Since interviewed 2,900 people and sulted from much careful delib- business training and domestic eration and discussion is re- science do not come under the that most of them had been garded as a great forward step law, the Commercial Departsaved. The suicide rate of New in the work of the Church, and ment will continue. It is also York City alone is claimed to be reads as follows: hoped to use the school buildings four a day by George LeBrun, as a home for girls who will at- Resolved, That it is the sense of this tend other schools. secretary of the chief medical convention that the Negro clergy caexaminer. According to the New nonically resident in this diocese for -The Living Church. York Herald-Tribune about one at least six months, and working unthird of the cases are mental. der the Bishop of the diocese, and two Bibles for Mam Indians These Dr. Warren refers to psy- lay communicants elected by the con- vocation of colored Churchmen shall chiatrists, whereas the others be entitled to seats and votes in the Western Guatemala has 200,- treated by himself. His treat- diocesan convention. 000 Mam Indians. To make the ment consists in "human sym- Bible available for them, Rev. pathy and understanding" and -The Living Church. H. Dudley Peck has been at work the application of the Gospel with a group of eight translators message of Paul to the Philip- Ukrainians in Alberta and the cooperation of the Amerpian jailer, "Believe in the Lord ican Bible Society. The begin- Jesus Christ, and thou shalt be Around the indian Reserva- nings of an Institute for trainsaved." This message is as pow- tion at Good Fish Lake in north- ing Mam leaders has been erful to save the suicides of to- ern Alberta is growing up a set- mapped out. Evenings during day as it was to save the jailer tlement of Ukranians, a very reat Philippi. ligious people but suspicious of the translation sessions have organized Christianity, as they been employed for evangelistic Navajo Camp Meeting know it. Their number is in- trips, and for making Christ creasing year by year, both by known in their own tongue to immigration and birth rate. The A camp meeting at Chin Lee United Church of Canada is the the many Indian transients in Navajo Mission in Arizona, un- only Protestant Church doing public kitchens, lodges and der the Presbyterian Board, anything in a systematic way to plazas. Week ends have been brought the largest attendance help these people. There is one used to reach three near-by ever witnessed at any of the ordained missionary speaking towns and about fourteen vil- Navajo meetings, a daily attend- their language, but his work is lages. During the June session, ance of 100 being recorded. limited to a small area. The 423 unbelievers from 42 towns There were 15 accessions on con- Board of Home Missions is re- and hamlets heard the message fession of faith. The native sponsible for the hospital at of God's love through the Mam Navajo Christians furnished a Smoky Lake, while the Woman's translators. large part of the food for the Missionary Society has three camp meeting, which heretofore school homes; one at Smoky -Guatemala News.

has been furnished almost en- Lake, one at Wahstao, and one at Jungle Indians in Peru tirely by the missionary. Their Radway.

contribution was eight sheep. -United Church Record. The first twelve jungle In- -Presbyterian Advance. dians of Peru to be baptized Notable Negro Church LATIN AMERICA heard the Gospel for the first The Abyssinian Church of School Must Close time when they came to the Christian Alliance Mission at New York recently entered its The Hooker School in Mexico Cahuapanas. They have com- 125th year. It is the third old- City, under the Episcopal Board, pleted four months' attendance est Negro church in the United is unable to function under the at the Daily Bible School and States. With a membership of new law which makes it impos- have expressed the desire to more than 11,000 it is among sible to incorporate schools learn more in order to give the the largest Protestant churches· which had in the past received, Gospel to their families and in the world. Dr. A. Clayton were now receiving or expected friends. From 35 to 40 are at- Powell has been the pastor of to receive, support from reli- tending special noon meetings, this church for the past quarter gious organizations. The law and it has been in these meetcentury. also forbids any clergyman, or ings that most converts have – Watchman-Examiner. religious teacher in the schools. been won.-Alliance Weekly.

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

Oonverts in Uruguay never-ceasing persecution to articles against the Soviet re- Uruguay has long been known which they are exposed. Hitler gime, has published an open letas a refuge for oppressed peo- has made of anti-Semitism a re- ter in the Daily Express to Joples of other lands. In Monte- ligious dogma. goda, the vice-commissioner of video, the capital, are represen- the G. P. U. (Russian Secret tatives from every European -New York Times. Police) who is a member of the country. Among other nation- presidency of the Bolshevistic alities are about four thousand The President of Ozecho- party. Part of the letter fol- Armenians, who have an evan- slovakia lows: gelical religious background, and some are already Christians be- President Thomas G. Masaryk Can you deny that you have 200,000 fore coming. A few years ago of the new Czechoslovakian Re- prisoners, for the most part from public is a member of the Czech among engineers, attorneys, priests Brethren Church. In his first and other persons of the educated a young Armenian living in presidential message to the Na- class, who are compelled to do forced tional Assembly in Prague he Buenos Aires, Argentina, felt quoted the prophecy of the edu- labor on the canal to the White Sea the call to preach the Gospel to cator and reformer, Comenius: in Karelien? Can you deny that you his own people and decided to banished 35,000 kulak families (farm- ers) in the winter of 1929 from return to Europe for special "0 Bohel1,lian people, I trust in southern Ukraine to the polar re- God, that when the tempest of gions? Thousands of them died of study. He studied in Paris two His wrath brought upon our years and then in Glasgow, Scot- typhoid fever. Can you deny that all the towns in north Russia as Hibinaland, another three years and heads for our sins will have gorsk, Kondolatska, Neuastroy and passed away, the reign of thy Murmansk have been built through there he was ordained to the cause' will again be restored." ministry in 1932. After his or- Their long captivity has made forced labor? Can you deny that in the past mothers were deprived of dination he returned to Argen- their bread tickets by the G. P. U.? tina where he is doing evangel- multitudes ready for the Gospel. You seized old women in order to take In some communities the enter- their last diamonds or a golden braceistic work among his people of ing wedge may be a lecture on let because the Soviet government Argentina and Uruguay. In Huss, but after it the people call needed money. Can you deny that October, he baptized his first 26 every foreigner is watched in Russia; for Gospel sermons. Patriotism converts in Montevideo. is not enough; true freedom in- that our letters are read and our tele- -Home and Foreign Fields. deed can come only through the phone conversa~ions are overheard? Gospel of the Redeemer. Can you finally deny that during the EUROPE years 1930-31 you shed so much blood that your own friends were embit- tered because of it?

Scandinavian Missions To Establish Islam in Hungary AFRIOA A comparative study of the At the recent Pan-Islamic A Life Saver foreign mission activities of Congress held in Jerusalem, it Denmark, Norway and Sweden was decided to recognize Buda- A missionary and an Egyptian was recently given in Luthersk pest in Hungary as a holy city pastor were returning from a Ugeblad, as follows: for all Moslems, and build there long, hard day of visiting among a great mosque and university, various villages in the Delta. At DenJ"nark Norway Slceden that eventually might be to the the point where they separated, West what El Azhar of Cairo is each to return to his own home, Number of 2{0 400 700 to the East. This is considered the pastor hired two men to missionaries by Moslems themselves as the drive him the remaining dis- most important move ever made tance. Reaching a lonely bit of Benevolence for the western extension of Mo- road, the car stopped, the two (in Crowns) 1,750,000 3,000,000 4,250,000 hammedanism. Four centuries men got out, mumbling an ex- ago the Moslem Turks devas- cuse about the engine, whispered Gift per .59 1.1,1 .70 tated Hungary and for two hun- a moment together, then started capita …. dred and fifty years carried on a toward the pastor. Sensing rule of tyranny and cruel exac- trouble, he quickly drew out the Baptized in 1.900 11,000 a,oao tions, which lasted until the lat- only weapon he ever carries, held 1930 .. , ter part of the seventeenth cen- it in his hand, so that, in the tury, when the Hungarians moonlight, it gleamed in the eyes :"ative cou- 29,000 15G,OOO 84,000 drove their oppressors back of the advancing men, and said verts …. across the Danube, and the Turk- to them, "Be careful. I have ish dream of planting Islamic here the best weapon in the Anti-Semitism in Germany banners in Western Europe world, and I am trained in its faded.-Alliance Weekly. use~" Both men stopped and be- The prediction of the late Lord Melchet, a leader of the Jews in England, that one result of the war would be a complete dissociation of Jewish from German interests in Europe appears rapidly proving to be correct as a result of the campaign pursued with such vehemence by Adolf Hitler and his Nazis. Leaders of Jewish opinion in Great Brit- Oruelty in Russia gan to back off, protesting that ain have evidence of the terrible they meant no harm. The pastor situation of their coreligionists A Russian correspondent, could not refrain from laughing, in Germany. Life is being made Miss Clyman, who was asked to and said, "My friends, look here.

intolerable for them by the leave Russia on account of her I am a preacher. I have neither

money nor firearms. What I Apolo and the Pygmies Christians were few the boy who have is that sword which God The church of the Mboga en- beat the call drum for worship has given us to save life rather tirely due to the work of' one than to take it. I have a New went to Dr. Wilmer S. Lehman !,estament. ~he gleam you see, man, Canon Apolo, is already mstead .of bem?, from a pistol the center of a body of men and medical missionary aI nbdeastatihd~: barrel, IS the gllt edge shining women who are scattering the "This should finish.' in the moonlight, even as God's Gospel among thousands of healove shines on our hearts if we then. There is an African say- drum, and no one comes." Dr. will allow it. God's Word is ing "All food is God's," and they sharper than any two-edged never refuse food to a stranger. Lehman replied: "Keep on beatsword, and through it we who The Mboga apply this practice trust God fi~d all our needed help to the Gospel. Mr. Lloyd of the ing the drum, for the day will and protectIon for every time of C~urch. Missi.on Society talked need." wIth SIxty pIOneer evangelists come when this country will be who had come in to Apolo's Tl~e driver came up and begged headquarters. They had assem- full of Christians." The prophforglVeness, explaining, "We saw you come to the crossroad bled from all parts of. the great ecy has come true. On a recent with the foreigner, and sup- AruwImi forest. Ten of them posed you were his assistant in were spending their lives among Sunday morning at the chapel cotton buying in the villages. t~e dwarfs, living in their tiny When you asked to go to your VIllages, partaking the same where the old drum called in town, which is one of the large food, and moving about with cotton centers, we imagined that vain many years ago, 410 people you would be carrying money to them on their hunting expediclose cotton contracts with the tions. They are not a treacher- were present. Beyond, there farmers; and we thought this ous people, nor would they was our opportunity to take it were 52 chapels to which more from you. Will you forgive us dream of attacking others save this wrong?" in self-defense. Brave and clever than 6,000 go when they hear hunters they are, who do not -United Presbyterian. shrink from attacking even an the drum. elephant. At times one can see Sunday Schools Rally in a such game covered with arrows -Presbyterian Banner. Coptic Church as a gigantic pin-cushion with Bantu Essay Competition The World's Sunday School pins. When asked why they of- Association in Egypt held a fer to ~od pots of honey and The South African National Conference in Assiut. Sheikh WIld frUlts they answer: "White Sunday School Association re- Metry S. Dewairy, whose father ~an, we are afraid of Him. He cently arranged an essay compewas a Coptic priest writes of it: I~ cruel and hates Ufl, sending tition for non-Europeans. The sIckness and wild beasts and subject given was "The Impor- On Rally Day, because of limited death. If we put our offerings tance of the Early Years in space, we could only permit 4,000 stu- He may have pity." Christian Education." Altodents to .attend the rally-2,000 in the gether 106 papers were received -So S. Times. almost one third of them being in the vernacular. The papers were judged mainly by a three- fold standard-specific reference to the Bantu child; good reasons why Bible teaching and Chris- tia~ trai~ing should be given dUflp.g chIldhood; practical sug- gestIons as to how it should be done. A number of the papers were of considerable merit and showed knowledge of psychology and pe<,iagogy, as well as an ap- Evangehcal and 2,000 in the Coptic A Revival of Superstition preCIatIOn of the need for Chris- Orth~dox Church near by. The chair- tian religious education during man .Ill the Evangelical Church was a In the Cameroun territory of the early years. A cash prize of CoptIC lawyer, and the chairman in the Basel Mission, the number the Coptic Orthodox Church was an of Christians has been doubled two guineas was awarded the Evangelical elder! In the Evangeli- since 1927. Of late the mission best essay. cal Church there was a choir com- -South African Outlook. posed of t:nelve ~eacons of the Coptic is facing some severe ttrhiaels~'tLhoe­ Church wIth theIr ecclesiastical gar- worst being that of Money No Object ments of white· embroidered robes and velvet head-gears. of different colors. sango" agitation, a secret organ- Five miles from Mt. Silinda They stood before the pUlpit and chanted the Angels' Song in Coptic! ization. After fifteen years of South Africa, is a little bush My ey~s were filled with tears of joy, for thIS was the concrete expression progress the superstitious have school taught by a native Chrisof spiritual unity. We have been working ha!d in. El!;ynt for twelve again heard the voice of the tian, Norah Tamele. When lack years to. achIeve thIS fellowship among the AnCIent and Protestant Churches. mungi, a ravenous beast that of funds made it necessary for life Now. our efforts are being rewarded. demands human sacrifice. The the mission steonct lowsoerdsixthsacthohoerls~ Norah was It wIll mean much for the future fear of this animal is used by of our people. the Losango people in their agi- would be among the fatal num- In Assiut there are 4,500 tation against Christianity. ber. Her reply in Chindau was Drum Call Brings 6,000 as follows: "I want'to say that I wish to Street ~unday School pupils and Lolodorf ch urwcahsinfoCuanmdeerdouin~ continue to teach even if there is 3,000 m the Daily Vacation West Africa, no money at all. I will be very Bible Schools. 1905. In the early years when happy if you will allow me to

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

continue to teach my school. It otherwise, in competition everybody tions. Ever since the days of does not make me happy to work will open his shop. It must be com- Dr. Thom, Dr. Andrus and Mr. just for money; no, to teach the pulsory. Emrich, we have been wanting little children and to preach the to rehabilitate Mardin Station- Gospel to the older people is a -Turkish P1'ess Translation farthest American Board station reward greater than gold and Service. to the southeast, near Iraq. At silver. If the missionaries are last, in October, we were able to having difficulties, it is right Shall Turkey Accept place two families there-Dr. and that I should be troubled also Christianity? Mrs. W. L. Nute, and Rev. and and work with you; because Mrs. A. Carleton. They secured when I was poor and uneducated The following article by H. the usual travel permits from you did not turn me away, and Nihal in a Turkish periodical re- the regular Turkish officials at when I was sick you did not re- veals the Turk's attitude toward the points from which they fuse to help me. I am not able religion at the present time. started, but on arrival they were to express my thanks if I may told that a few days before, the remain in God's work." We have decided to follow the West- Angora Government had made ern civilization. But before every- that region again a closed zone The school was allowed to con- thing else we have to know the mean- for foreigners. Therefore they tinue with Nora receiving one ing of civilization. While adopting a could not be granted residence third her former pay. Students new civilization, have we to take over permits pending new instrucincreased in number from 23 to all its institutions and elements, or tions from Angora. They have 34.-Missionary Herald. may we leave out some parts? In en- been told that they must leave tering the Islamic civilization, the right off! After such long and WESTERN ASIA Turks accepted all the institutions of patient effort, our hopes seem that civilization, and naturally its re- likely to be frustrated, after we Friday or Sunday for Turks ligion also. Today while entering the have placed our worker:s there! Western civilization, shall we accept Weare making a final effort to Turkey is considering a change Christianity also which is the religion in the weekly rest day. A ques- of the West? have the decision reversed. tionnaire has been issued to sound out the feelings of the Today religion plays an important There are increasing evidences public regarding the adoption of role in life. With the exception of that many who are earnestly Sunday instead of Friday or the Russia, no nation has dared to declare seeking spiritual life are feeling abolition of a weekly rest day. irreligion. Since the Turkish nation the utter inadequacy of Islam, A large number sent replies ad- also needs a religion, what should it and are turning to Jesus Christ vocating the adoption of Sunday be? to satisfy their need. You may as rest day. Here are some of perhaps find it hard to realize them: Sheikh Bey, professor of psy- their aversion to the name Chris- chology said in a private conver- tian, which to them stands first The laborers have a right to a day sation: of all for a hostile nationalism of rest in the week. This right of the and secondly, for a form of worlaborers should be recognized. For "Since we desire to identify our- ship which they associate with instance, the cleaning of machines is selves with the West, it is necessary idolatry. But they see the winnot allowed on the rest day, and thus for us to make our religion also iden- someness of Christ, and are bea work day is used for cleaning and tical; seeing that it is impossible for ing led to be His followers. repairs. It is necessary that Sunday the West to accept Islam, we have to should be accepted. Even in Egypt accept Christianity." Today a good -C. T. R. they rest on Sunday, and not on Fri- many belonging to "the Enlightened day. The economic relationship of the Group" are of the same opinion. Ac- Effects of Christian Education nations has made Sunday common for cording to some of these, no greater all. . . . Far from abolishing the mistake can be committed than adher- The American School for rest day, half of the preceding day ing to the barbarous religion of Mo- Girls in Beirut had a student also must be set apart for rest. The hammed with its Feast of Sacrifice, body made up of twelve differreal question is not working six or while there is the humane religion of ent nationalities, ten different seven days, but working in a system- Jesus. What we mean is this; today sects of Christians, and five nonatic way. But it is essential that Sun- there is a group of enlightened Turks Christian religions. The nonday should take the place of Friday. who are inclined to Christianity. They Christians represented forty-six Especially in our commercial life we want Christianity not because it is a per cent of the student body. are losing much on account of the religion, but because it is a way lead- But figures are less vivid than present day of rest. . . . The adop- ing to civilization and humanity. individual testimony. Here is a tion of Sunday as a rest day is an ap- girl registered as a Moslem who propriate arrangement from the point On the other hand there is another has three times taken part in of view of our relations with Europe. movement which aims to Turkify Is- prayer before the whole school, It makes no difference whether a man lam. The Koran and the call to prayer and has once prayed publicly in rests on Fridav or Sunday. Only in began to be read in Turkish, but some- the name of Christ for a sick economic life, in bank transactions, it how this did not gain ground, whereas teacher. She expects to work is very important. . . . Sunday must the partisans of Christianity did not among women in Bagdad prison. be the· rest day. We mechants have stop. They continued their propa- A Syrian girl says: "Life," said two days' vacation in the week. We ganda. While the other movement is rest on Friday, and we can do no work passing away like a flame of chaff, on Sunday. Counting the feast days this movement moves on like water also, We! are idle almost half of the under a heap of chaff. Let us be careyear. But the rest day must not be ful, let us beware of doing the same left to the choice of the individual; mistake when we adopted a new civ- ilization. Our national culture is in danger.

-Translation Service.

Complications in Turkey The situation here is always liable to unexpected complica-

she, is full of glimpses of the exact figures are not available, Supervised by a Frenchman, world round about, happiness, as for example in Russia. Inspected by an American, mirth and joy. Friendship ex- Scoured by an Albanian, ists abundantly, not the cheap The Growth of Christianity in Dyed by a Turk, Examined by an Irishman, kind, but the rich, constructive the World friendship. In college I formu- G. L. Kieffer, in the Lutheran Pressed by a Pole. National Council Bulletin esti- -World Comrades. lated a serious idea of life and of mates the Christian population what it meant, of our capacities, of the world at the end of the A Christian Protest and of the many treasures it con- several centuries approximately tains." "Christomol" is the name of as follows: a Christian movement among -Syria News Quarterly. young people in Siberia, in op- A Christian Film in Meshed First Century ……… 500,000 position to the "Komsomol," or Second Century ……. 2,000,000 Godless movement. The Na- Dr. H. A. Lichtwardt of Third Century …….. 5,000,000 tional Bible Society of Scotland Meshed, Persia, sends this inter- Fourth Century ……. 10,000,000 reports that many groups of esting bit of news from that fa- Fifth Century …….. 15,000,000 Christians are being formed in natical holy city of the Moslems, Sixth Century …….. 20,000,000 Siberia. A strenuous attempt where until recently, everything Seventh Century …… 24,000,000 also has been made to transmit Christian was anathema: Eighth Century ……. 30,000,000 over the wireless radio at Har- Ninth Century ……. 40,000,000 bin, Manchuria, the Gospel mes- "During the month of Ramazan, the Tenth Century …….. 50,000,000 sage over the whole Far East time of fasting, in this 'holy' month, Eleventh Century ….. 70,000,000 and into Siberia. in this fanatical Shrine city, the Twelfth Century …… 80,000,000 American film, 'The King of Kings' Thirteenth Century …. 75,000,000 The Christian Protest Moveis being shown in the local cinema to ment, organized in England in huge crowds, which are at least 90% Fourteenth Century '" 80,000,000 1929, to combat the oppression Mohammedans. It is definitely Chris- Fifteenth Century …. 100,000,000 of religion in Russia, has been tian, sympathetically and earnestly Sixteenth Century …. 125,000,000 reorganized to include in its propresented, and has created a great im- Seventeenth Century .. 155,000,000 gram a campaign against the pression among the thinking people. Eighteenth Century … 200,000,000 Communist anti-religious propa- There were many army officers there, Nineteenth Century … 500,000,000 ganda in Great Britain. The and other officials and men of prom- Twentieth Century …. 737,280,000 work is educational in character inence. The Afghan Consul-General and will be carried out through sat directly behind me, and during the These estimates are compiled existing organizations. entire film asked me numerous ques- from Dorchester's "Problem of tions on details which he did not un- Religious Progress" and' from -Alliance Weekly. derstand. The audience was respect- "The World Almanac" and the ful and attentive. Such pictures will Lutheran Missions Prosper have definite evangelistic results, es- "Lutheran World Almanac." pecially as the sub-titles were direct The growth of Protestantism Not one mission under the scripture quotations, with book and verse stated." is estimated as follows since 1851: auspices of the United Lutheran Board of Missions was closed Per Cent during the past year, and the Increase 682 mission congregations and 78 preaching stations showed a MISCELLANEOUS NEWS Year Me1nbers Per new increase of 32,000 members. Increase Yelw Church Membership Gains 1851 82,000,000 106,000,000 ……… The Baptist World Alliance re- 1882 123,657,000 ports at the end of 1932 a sub- 1884 133,500,000 24,000,000 0.94 1888 136,036,600 stantial advance in church mem- 1889 17,657,000 8.32 9,843,000 1.99 2,536,600 1.90 bership, the increase amounting 1891 143,237,625 7,201,025 2.65 Thirty-eight of the missions be- 1900 150,000.000 6,762,375 0.52 came self-supporting. Forty-two to about 190,000. Especially in- 1906 166,066,500 16,066,500 1.78 new missions were started. The teresting are the statistics for 171,650,000 5,583,500 0.37 Lutheran Church spent more 1915 177,300,000 5,650,000 1.65 Asia. The steadiness of Chinese 1917 Christians under difficult condi- 1925 191,259.655 13,959,655 0.98 than a million dollars during the tions is gratifying; a net in- 1932 202,180,000 10,920,345 0.81 past year for home missions and crease of over 1,000 is recorded. The Indian growth is larger, The American Flag church extension work. especially that of South India, -The ChrisUan Century. A flag floats over the J ames- where there are now nearly 125,- town worsted mills. Here is its "There are treasures of love 000 members, forming the larg- history as told by the owner of and character which cannot be est body of communicants in that the mills: lost. For these treasures of the area. The Indian Baptist mem- The flag was made of wool from spirit we can well afford to exbership (apart from Ceylon) ex- American sheepceeds 200,000 ; India, Burma Sorted by an American, ch!mge aU else in order that we and Ceylon together report over Carded by an Italian, may possess them."

322,500. The largest advance Spun by a Swede, Our part is to cultivate and is in the United States, where Warped by a German, the membership of each of the Dressed by an Englishman, protect the garden of the inner Conventions has risen. These Drawn in by a Scotchman, life, but it is God who gives statistics omit all groups where Woven by a Belgian, strength to the stalk and beauty to the flower.

Missionary

Recent Books Reviewed for the Readers' Information ~,————~–~~========~==~~~==-=====~~.========~~~====—-~~~.~~ Handmaidens of the King to Fo-reign romance. Mrs. Moffat was a An Ambassador in Bonds. By Mary Lands. By W. Thoburn Clark. 12 daughter of David Livingstone; C. Purser. 8 vo. 83 pp. 28. 6d. mo. 179 pp. Southern Baptist Con- Robert Moffat was a true pio- S. P. G. London. 1933. vention. Richmond, Va. 1932. neer who died just fifty years ago. The story has often been The blind of the world have The s e brief biographical told but this will be found inter- been neglected in all lands where sketches of Southern Baptist esting to those who have not ac- ambassadors of Christ have not missionaries include Mrs. Min- cess to the more complete biog- led the way in caring for them. nie Bland David of Africa; Lula raphies. The Rev. Wm. Henry Jackson, a Whilden, missionary to the blind Church of England missionary, of China; Julia K. Mackenzie of Adventuring with God. By Esther a graduate of Oxford, inventor Chinkiang, China; Ida S. Hayes, E. Baird. 12 mo. 55 pp. Ohio of a simple Braille type in Bura teacher in Mexico and Mrs. Friends Foreign Missionary Society. mese, a poet and musician-and Susan Broxton Taylor, the wife 1932. withal blind-began his work of Dr. Geo. B. Taylor of Italy. for the 25,000 blind of Burma in Some of the photographic por- Miss Baird has for forty years 1917. Burmese, Chinese, Intraits should never have seen the been a missionary in Nowgong, dians, government officials, busilight of day but the women they Central India. As one of the ness men and missionaries so poorly represent are heroines founders of the mission she tells helped to support the work and who served their generation by in this booklet the story of the he was given the Kaiser-in-Hind the Will of God and whose work growth of the Friends' work at gold medal by the Government abides. Chatarpur and the blessing of of Burma. The story told by his God upon the medical and edu- sister is worth reading. School Pat'hs in Africa. By Phyllis cational work-both of which L. Garlick. 12 mo. 102 pp. High- are evangelistic. Miss Baird re- Tefaro, Tales from Africa. By W. J. way Press. London. 1933. cently received the Kaiser-in- W. Roome. 8 vo. 185 pp. 58. Mar- Hind medal for public service in shall, Morgan & Scott. London. The author of "Goodly Fellow- India. Through her clear eyes 1932. ship" and "Uganda Contrasts," and warm Christian heart we gives us in these sketches some see the spiritual darkness and Africa is still a land of rovery interesting glimpses of need of Bundelkund, a district mance and adventure; a land of present day life in Africa-Ni- then untouched by the Gospel. strange scenes and customs; a geria, Ken y a , Tanganyika, They entered the field in time of land of ignorance, cruelty and Uganda-especially the work of famine and gathered 500 chil- large possibilities. Mr. Roome the Church Missionary Society. dren under mission supervision. is a British traveler and Bible We see here the contrasts be- An orphanage was started at translator and reports in these tween heathen and Christian Nowgong and is still going fifty letters what he saw on joureducation; the way schools are strong. Then a dispensary, and neys with a lad, Tefaro, through conducted, and the children who later a hospital, was opened at the Belgium Congo, Uganda, and attend; the results in training Chatarpur, fourteen miles away. Tanganyika. The yare not A f ric a n citizens, industrial The story-too briefly told-de- studies but rather chatty, runworkers, home m a k e r s, and scribes how land was secured ning comments full of interest- Christian workers. This teach- for the hospital and gives clear ing information for young peoing ministry is of great impor- evidence of the intervention of ple and others to whom the tance in order that future lead- God working on the heart of the g r 0 u n d covered is new. We ers may be adequately trained. Maharaj ah. The missionaries catch intimate glimpses of home Here is a remarkable record of have won their way and have life and mission work and occaneed and of accomplishment. made a deep impression on the sionally read thrilling incidents people. This is one of the little connected with the past. The Robert Moffat of Kuruman. By David known pieces of work which, if book is an excellent introduction J. Deane. 12 mo. 191 pp. 28. multiplied a millionfold would to a study of Central African life Pickering & Inglis. Glasgow. 1932. transform the w 0 rId by the and shows how Christian mis- power of the Holy Spirit. sions are meeting the needs of The story of the Moffats in the people. Southern Africa is a missionary Any of the oo()ks not.~d in these columns will be sent by the RRvmw publishers on receipt of price.

[231 ]

The Japanese Invasion and China's Cameos of Our Lord. By Robert The Career and Significance of Jesus. Defiance. A Symposium, Edited WaltE'l' Bcll Denny. 466 pp. Nel- by Wong Chi-yuen, Director of Lee. 191 pp. 3/-net. Pickering & son & Son. NE'W York. Publicity of the 19th Route Army, Inglis. 14 Paternoster Row, Lon- and Tang Leang-Ii, Editor of the Christianity, Communism, Adventism. People's Tribnne. Paper. 80 pp. don. 1932. Alexander Stewart. 121 pp. Stock- $1.00. Shanghai. well. London. Thirty-eight picture studies of As might be expected from its The Christian Enterprise Among authorship, this is an ex parte our Lord are given under such Rural People. Kenyon L. Butter- statement. The wise reader will field. Cokesbury Press. Nashville. take into account statements by titles as "His Face," "His Head," Japanese, and particularly the Christian Unity in Practice and impartial report of the investi- "His Shoulders," "His Arms," Prophecy. Chas. S. Macfarland. gat i n g Commission of the $2.75. 396 pp. Macmillan. New League of Nations headed by "His Feet," with scripture ref- York. Lord Lytton. This is a vivid story of the remarkable achieve- erences containing pointed mes- Delivering Grace. J. T. Mawson. 222 ment of the Chinese 19th Route pp. 28. Pickering & Inglis. Lon- Army and the tragic fate of the sages of salvation. The author's don. Chinese civilian population in the zone of hostilities. style is terse and his theology is The Dark Continent. Africa: The Landscape and the People. H. A. A. J. B. delightfully refreshing in its un- Bernatzik. IlIus. 256 pp. B. West- termann Co. New York. Individual Work for Individuals. By wavering certainty. Each chap- Henry Clay Trumbull. 12 mo. 186 Infonnation and Opinion Concerning pp. $1.00. American Tract Soci- ter closes with an appropriate the Japanese Invasion of Man- ety. New York. 1932. churia and Shanghai from Sources bit of poetry or song. In the Other Than Chinese. Edited by K. More than one revival has N. Lei. 445 pp. Shanghai Bar been started through reading chapter entitled, "The Hands of Assn. 1933. these stories of personal work. The book was first published the Lord" he tells of Satan, Materialism. J. S. HaJdane. 221 pp. over thirty years ago. Dr. $2. Harpers. New York. Trumbull was a remarkable and clothed in princely garb, suddenpersistant personal worker, hav- Robert Moffat of Kuruman. D. J. ing made it a rule to speak each ly visiting a monk in his cell and Deane. 191 pp. 28. Pickering & day to someone on his or her re- Inglis. London. lation to Christ. The book will saying, "I am Jesus." Greatly be a spiritual stimulus to any Moral Man and Immoral Society. pastor, missionary or other perplexed and wondering if this Reinhold Neibuhr. 280 pp. $2. Christian. It is intensely inter- Scribners. New York. esting and suggests many prac- guest were genuine he asked to tical ways in which effective The New Life. Capt. Reginald Walwork may be done in the "one by see his hands. At this, of course, lace. 101 pp. Is. Pickering & one" method. Inglis. London. Satan fled. Then Mr. Lee fol- Elise's Sacrifice. By Norah C. Asher. Northern Baptists Re-Think Mis- 12 mo. 60 pp. 9d. lows with a pointed paragraph sions. Edited by P. H. J. Lerrigo. 128 pp. 25 cents. Baptist Board of Norman's Good Name. By M. S. on "Toil-worn hands," "Holy Education. New York. Comrie. 12 mo. 208 pp. 2s. hands," "Pierced hands," "Grav- Richmond Hill Sermons. J. D. Jones. His Mother's Book. By E. E. Green. 285 pp. $1.50. Harpers. New 12 mo. Pickering & Inglis. Lon- en hands," "Strong hands," etc., York. don. 1932. ending with the following quo- "Re-Thinking Missions" Examined. These stories are not in mod- Robert E. Speer. 64 pp. 50 cents. ern style but they have an in- tation: Revell. New York. terest for children. The first tells of a little girl and her sac- Lord, when I am weary with toiling, Three Kingdom's of Indo-China. rifice for those she loved. The And burdensome seem Thy com- Harold J. Coolidge, Jr., and Theosecond concerns a boy who dore Roosevelt. 330 pp. $3. fought to remove the cloud from mands, Crowell. New York. his good name when he was If my load should lead to complainfalsely accused of theft. The Worship in Other Lands. H. P. third relates the story of a small ing, Thompson. 167 pp. 28. 6d. S. P. G. boy who was adopted by an old Lord, show me Thy hands-Thy Westminster. animal fancier. All are easy reading, have some adventure nail-pierced hands, Lutheran Mission Yearbook-1933. and good moral teaching. Thy cross-torn hands; my Sav- 158 pp. M2. H. G. Wallman. Leipzig. iour show me Thy hands. Annual Report. American Board of These short chapters make fine Commissioners for Foreign Mis- sions. 166 pp. Boston. devotional reading for the fam- Perils of the Polar Pack. A. L. ily altar. Ministers will find it Fleming. S. P. C. K. London.

suggestive for series of studies Ramdas-Translations of Mahipati's Santavijaya. Justin E. Abbott. at the Mid-week Devotional 410 pp. Hs. 2 As. 8. Pandit God- bole, Poona, India. Service H. A. ADAIR. The Two Hundred. Frank Hough- New Books ton. Is. China Inland Mission. London. An African Pilgrimage. A. M. Chirg- win. 158 pp. ,28. 6d. Student World F.ellowslhip People. Grace Christian Movement Press. London. Darling Phillips. 105 pp. $1.00. Friendship Press. New York. An Ambassador in Bonds. The Story of William Henry Jackson. 2d Edi- The Beauty of Jesus. Gipsy Smith. tion. 83 pp. 28. 6d. S. P. G. House. 228 pp. $2. Revell. New York. Westminster.

Behind t'he Far Eastern Conflict. Joseph Barnes and Frederick V. Field. 45 pp. 25 cents. American Council, Institute of Pacific Rela- tions. New York.

Conflict in the Far East, 1931-1932. 47 pp. 25 cents. American Coun- cil, Institute of Pacific Relations. New York.

China's Foreign Relations, 1917-1931. Robert T. Pollard. 416 pp. $3.50. Macmillan. New York.

ITEMS The Indian Government honored

Wanless wit h the Kaiser-i-Hind (Concluded from 2d c01Jer.) (Empress of India) medal, in recog- nition of his public services; later Mrs. James Duguid, Jr., a field sec- King George made him a Knight Printin retary of the Presbyterian Board of Bachelor of the British Empire. Foreign Missions, has been appointed When You Require It vice-president of the Stewardship Sir William was born at Charles- Council of the Churches of Christ in ton, Ontario, on May 1, 1865, and rethe United States and Canada. ceived his early education in Canada. In 1889 was graduated from the Med- '" * ical College of New York University We wish to extend to you an invi· Dr. N. Gist Gee, the new vice-pres- and was appointed a medical mission- tation to become acquainted with ident of Yenching University, Peiping, ary by the Presbyterian Board. He THE EVANGELICAL PRESS of China, is a Methodist layman, who has will long be remembered, both in In- Harrisburg, Pennsylvania. taught in Soochow University and has dia and in America, for his devout served on the China Medical Board. Christian character, his medical and Thousands of institutions and individ- surgical skill, his Christlike spirits uals have accepted a similar invitation, *** and his energetic, effective and sacri- and have enjoyed a profitable printing ficial service. An extended account of association for years. Dr. F. W. Norwood, Pastor of City · . Dr. Wanless's life and work may be Our specialty is Books, Magazines and Temple, London is to have a year's Booklets. We have modern equipment expected in a later number of the RE- to meet all the requirements of your vacation and will leave early in July particular job. Our service is quick. VIEW. careful and courteous. to make a world tour of the mission stations of the London Missionary So- Dr. Amos R. Wells,'"honorary editor Why not allow us to estimate on your next printing? You will be delighted ciety in Africa, India, China and of The Chrwtian Endeavor World and with our product, price, and service. a pioneer leader in the Christian En- Japan. ••• deavor movement, died on March 6, at his home in Auburndale, Massachu- Dr. J. Gordon Holdcroft, has re- setts, at seventy years of age. signed as secretary of the Korea Sun- Dr. 'Wells was born in Glen Falls, day School Association and is to take N. Y., the son of Major Amos P. W. and Mary Hannah Wells, was gradup the work of the Presbyterian Board uated from Antioch College in 1883 and served there as a Professor of of Christian training in Korea and Greek and Geology before becoming The Evangelical Press will be principal of the Arthur T. editorial secretary of the Christian Endeavor movement. Pierson Memorial Bible School of Printers of He was the author of more than a The Missionary Review of the World Seoul. In this postion Dr. Holdcroft hundred books besides the annual volsucceeds the Rev. Wallace J. Ander- ume of "Peloubet's Notes on the Sun- day School Lessons." Some well- PLANT AND MAIN OFFICE: son, who for some years has rendered known books were "The Missionary Manual," "The Living Bible," "A Suc- Third and Reily Streets Ha:rrisburg, Pa. most efficient service to the school. cessful Sunday School Superintend- ent," and "Think on These Things." Obituary Notes ecutive Committee of Foreign Mis~ Rev. E. H. '"Jon'"es,* for thirty-five sions of the Southern Presbyterian Sir William James Wanless, M.D., Church, died February 11, at Nashfor nearly forty years a Presbyterian years an American Baptist Mission- ville, Tenn. Dr. Williams was ormissionary in India died on March 3, ary in Japan, died in Los Angeles on dained in 1871 and thirty years later in Glendale, California. Dr. Wanless December 24, 1932. Mr. Jones is still he became Secretary of Foreign Miswent to India in 1889 and during the called by some Japanese "the St. Paul sions, and traveled extensively in the thirty-nine years that he was a medi- of Northern Japan." Since retiring Orient and in South America. He recal missionary there, he treated more he has worked among the Japanese in tired from active service several years than 1,000,000 patients and restored ago. Dr. Williams was for some years eyesight to 12,000. Young medical · Southern California. Editor of The MisHionary Survey and students from all over the country '" '" Dr. John A. Savage, who served the was the author of the book, "In Four went to receive instruction from the Continents," published in 1911. "Wizard of India," as he was called. cause of National Missions in the He had the satisfaction of seeing a Presbyterian Church for forty years, The Rev. Fr*ank* K*night Sanders, self-supporting hospital and Christian died January 1, in Franklinton, N. C. church established at Miraj, where Dr. Savage was an Afro-American, D.D., former dean of the Yale Divinthere had not been one Christian when born in Liberia 75 years ago. It was ity School and more recently the presthe medical work was started. Today his pride to build up the Church of ident of Washburn College, in Topeka, the hospital is the largest mission med- Christ among American Negroes. Kan., died at Rockport, Mass., on Febical hospital in India and includes ruary 20, at the age of seventy-one. more than fifty buildings, six branch Miss Annie H*; G'"ow'"ens, for twentyhospitals, a leper asylum, two con- Dr. Sanders after his graduation valescent homes, and the first medical five years a missionary of the Presby- from Ripon College, Wisconsin, remission school in India. terian Board in China, died in To- turned to Ceylon as an instructor at ronto, January 1. She was born and Jaffna College. He was once director Sunday School educated in Scotland. Much of her of missionary preparation for the service was given to rural itineration Foreign Missions Conference of North Supplies in China. America and a former president of the Religious Education Association. Sound. sp,n'/uu/ Miss Minnie '"Cla*rke'", who served in Virginia C. Y*oun'"g, '"formerly a mis- ~'hons of/lie East Africa since 1898 under the ~1'~!~lll'II~1 ·//onrtklllnlJm7o0mhin~lJl/iot~Jj A. B. C. F. M. died at Durban, South sionary of the Protestant Episcopal Africa, January 14. She was born at Church in the Philippines, died in Natal, South Africa, the daughter of Stamford, Connecticut, on March 14th English missionaries, and was edu~ at the age of sixty-six. Miss Young • • cated in England. was one of those who helped to per- suade the savage Moros of Jolo to sub- • mit to the American Government with- out fighting. Later she started a mis- The Rev. Henry Francis Williams, sionary agricultural sehool among the D.D., Secretary Emeritus of the Ex- Moros. After her return from the Philippines in 1916 she earried on deaconess work in New York, assist- ing girls who needed friendly advice or shelter.

ARTICLES IN THE APRIL NUMBER

The Palladium of Islam ……………………… , … , ……….. S. M. Zwemer The Origin of the ld al-Adha . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Richard Bell American Interests in the Near East . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . James L. Barton Early North African Christianity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Gaius J. Siosser A Turkish Interpretation of World History ……………………… Lee Vrooman The Y. M. C. A. in the Near East.. . ………………………. Wilbert B. Smith Spiritual Results Among Moslems in China …………………… George K. Harris From Bahrain to Taif …………………………………….. Louis P. Dame The Religious Background of the Moghuls ……………………. G. H. Schanzlin The Bulgarian Koran ……………………………………. Nalanail NaziforJ Current Topics …… Boole Reviews …… Survey of Periodicals » SUBSCRIBE TODAY Address THE MOSLEM WORLD 156 Filth A.enue New York City Single copies, SOc.; Annual Subscription, $2.00; in Combination with the REVIEW, $3.50 MARSHALL, MORGAN a SCOTT, 12 Pel_oster Bulldin,., London Price In Gr.el Brllein, Eishl Shlllinss, nal I THE KING'S BUSINESS Girdles the Globe . Subscribers and Contributors In Every Country In the World Stdrk pioneer Adds, isoldted misssion stdtions, crowded, disease· infected, superstition-steeped sections-to all of these THE KING'S BUSINESS ministers. It is quite naturdl thdt out from them there should come to the pdges of THE KING'S BUSINESS missiondry articles, Hdshing with power dnd luminous with dPpedl.

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The Missionary Review of the World — January 1933

1933

!.., An Appraisal of the Appraisal Robert E. Speer What Is Our Commission?

Henry W. Frost Elias Riggs-Pioneer in Turkey Charles Trowbridge Riggs The Berry Schools of Georgia Tracy Byers Missionaries to Convert the Church w. Wilson Cash A Woman's View of the Layme.n's Report'

Lucy W. Peabody

A SAFE Editori.1 Ch.t

FINANCIAL Beginning with this new year, the REVIEW is being published in Harris- PLAN burg, Pa. The Evangelical Press is an old friend and our former printer. …is what hundreds of satisfied Subscriptions, orders for single copies persons consider the annuity and advertising contracts should be agreements of the American addressed to THE MISSIONARY REVIEW Bible Society. Here is what OF THE WORLD, Third and Reily Sts., Mrs. M. D. of NewYork writes: Harrisburg, Pa. Keep the trade alive I "I know of no safer wa, to inC/est ••• molle)'. 'The pa,ments are alwa,s Do not fail to read the appraisals paid just when they of the "Laymen's Appraisal Report!' are due. I onl, wish Dr. Robert E. Speer examines it with I had thousands to a microscope. Mrs. Henry W. Pea- body tackles it with a surgeon's lan- Read the en# cet. Already a thousand extra copies thusiastic testi# of this issue have been ordered. It monyofMr.E.W.ofIIlinois: should be in the hands of every pas- tor and every missionary. Send in "No other wa, of making inC/estments requires so your order now-before copies are little attention and care. No fret or worry." exhausted. • • • Advancing years need not be feared Many stirring articles have been when you know that this Society, crowded out of this issue. Look for them. They include papers by Dr. indispensable to the missionary en# Samuel M. Zwemer, Kenneth S. La- terprise, and of unquestioned fi# tourette, John A. Mackay, C. S. Det- nancial stability, is behind this weiler and others. Then there are annuity articles on Abyssinia, John R. Mott, Latin America, Alaska, Tibet, Mo- That Gives rocco, China and Home Missions.

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"Go thou and do likewise."

A NAVAJO PRAYER THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE

Lord of the Mountain DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Editor Reared with the mountain, Young man, chieftain, VOL. LVI JANUARY, 1933 No.1 Hear a young man's prayer! Hear a prayer for cleanness. FRONTISPIECE PAGE 2 Keeper of the strong rain Drumming on the mountain; TOPICS OF THE TIMES …………………………… . Lord of the small rain That restores the earth in newness; The New Year Outlook HUllWll Slavery Keeper of the clean rain, Rethinking the Laymen's Appraisal TaskH f01' a l'uited ChUrch Hear a prayer for wholeness. The Need for a ChriRtinn Sor.ial Ord(,f ~orifLI IdpalR and PPfRonnl Heligion Young man, chieftain, AN APPRAISAL OF THE APPRAISAL ……………….. . 7 Hear a prayer for fleetness. Keeper of the deer's way, By Dr. Robert E. Speer. for forty years Secretary of thp Doard of Forpign Reared among the eagles, Missions of the Presbyterian Church, ('. S. A. Clear my feet of slothness. Keeper of the paths of men, WHAT IS OUR COMMISSION? ………………………. . 28 Hear a prayer for straightness. By Dr. Henry W. Frost, for nearly forty years Home Director of the China Hear a prayer for courage, Inland Mission. Lord of the thin peaks, Reared among the thunders; ELIAS RIGGS-PIONEER IN TURKEY ……………….. . 30 Keeper of the headlands Holding up the harvests; By Dr. Charles Trowbridge Riggs, for thirty-five years missionary of the Keeper of the strong rocks, American Board in Turkey. Hear a prayer for staunchness. THE BERRY SCHOOLS OF GEORGIA ……………….. . 33 Young man, chieftain, Spirit of the Mountain.. By Tracy Byers. author of ":Warth" Berry, the Sunday Lady of Possum Trot." Do. yQU like this CQPy Qf THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF MISSIONARIES TO CONVERT THE CHURCH 37 THE WORLD? By the Rev. W. Wilson Cash, former missionary and now Secretary of the If so., do. yQU knQw Qf any friends . Church Missionary Society. who. WQuld like it enQugh to. become subscribers? Kindly send us names. A WOMAN'S CRITICISM OF THE LAYMEN'S REPORT … 39 Name By Mrs. Henry W. Peabody, for forty years a leader in foreign missionary work among women. Address … THE GO-BETWEEN ………………………………… . 42 Name ……… A Poem by Miss Lereine Ballantine. Address ………………………. REACTIONS TO THE LAYMEN'S REPORT …………… . 43 Name EFFECTIVE WAYS OF WORKING …………………… . 46 Address ….. Edited by Mrs. Estella S. Aitchison.

WOMEN'S HOME MISSION BULLETIN 49 Edited by Miss Anne Seesholtz.

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BOARD OF DIRECTORS ROBBRT E. SPEER, President SAMUEL MCCREA CAVERT MILTON T. STAUFFER WM. I. CHAMBERLAI>l, Vice-President MRS. ORRIN R. JUDD A. L. WARNSHUIg WrALTER McDOUGALL, Treasurer WM. B. LIPPHARD SAMl'EL M. ZWEMER ERIC 11. NORTH DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Secretary cfrl.–_T..:…..;..H;;;…E~..;;,B.-.,;O=–.::.:A;.::R;;;…D~….:O:-:..F—-::.F….:O:….;R:.:..::E:…:I….:G:….;N:..:…-….:M=.;:I…:S:…:S:..:I:….;O=–=-N:….:S::…….–.~ DEPARTMENT OF ANNUITlES Name …….. . YOUR GIFT NOW Address ….. . WILL BRING TO YOU THE BLESSING OF GIVING WHILE LIVING AND THE Name GUARANTEE OF THE BOARD OF FOREIGN MISSIONS THAT YOU WILL HAVE AN Address .. INCOME FOR LIFE THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD ERNEST F. HALL, Secretary 156 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW YORK Third and Reily Streets Harrisburg, Pennsylvania PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH IN THE U. S. A.

Golden Channel of Service*

By S. D. GORDON Author ot "Quiet Talks on Power," etc.

MONEY supplies a golden channel of service through which one may reach most intimately to others, near by and around the world. If God be the dominating motive power in a man's life, then does gold come the nearest to omnipotence of any tangible thing. It takes on the quality of Him who breathes upon it.

The man who in his use of money thinks only or chiefly of the years making up his own present life is-a fool. The man who takes into his reckoning not only the present generation, but all coming generations, in disposing of his money is the shrewd financier.

Money is not riches. Perhaps we have not all quite escaped that delusion. And money is neither righteous nor unrighteous. It gets its moral quality from the man owning it for the time being. It takes on the color of its ownership.

Jesus Christ gives us the simple law for the right use of money. Make friends by means of the money that comes into your control that when it fails they may receive you. Exchange your money into the coin that is current in the Kingdom of God. Exchange your gold into lilies. This yellow stuff that we call riches they use for paving stones up in the Homeland. Would that we might put it under our feet down here, instead of being ruled by it.

The current coin of heaven is the lives of men. And these too will be reckoned the precious metal when the Kingdom of God comes to the earth. Exchange your money into men; purified, uplifted, redeemed men. Buy letters of credit that will be good in the Homeland, and in the coming Kingdom days on the earth, if you would be wealthy.

"That when it fails," Jesus says with fine discernment. Money will fail. There is an I I end to the power of gold in itself. Money will be bankrupt some day. It has enormous buying power now. Some day its power will all be gone. Then it will take the place of paving stones. Yet it would seem to be a failure even there unless some new hardening process had been found for it. Better use it while it has the power of purchase. Better not be caught with much of the yellow stuff sticking to you when the true values are being settled. It will all be dead loss then; dead stock, not worth the space it occupies.

Exchange your gold into men. Buy up some of the kind of coin that they use in the Homeland, so that you may have some wealth there . . . People who expect to go to a foreign country provide the recognized coinage of that country before going.

Here is a man who goes from life on the earth into the other life. He will attempt to take some of his belongings with him for they seem inseparable from him . . . But that sort of thing doe!i not pass current up in the Heavenly land . , . There will be a strange readjustment of values on the other side . . . Some who have been reckoned poor among men will be found to be the shrewdest investors. They will be the millionaires of the Kingdom time and in the Homeland-not dollar-millionaires, but life-millionaires. The standard of wealth in the Homeland is lives, not dollars.

The element of sacrifice must be in the giving if it is to be effective. Sacrifice was the dominant factor in God's giving of His Son, real sacrifice. It was dominant in Jesus' giving His own self and His life, keen cutting sacrifice. Who will follow in their train? All beyond one's need should be out in circulation for the Master in His campaign to save the world.

" Condensed from "Quiet Talks on Service," by S. D. Gordon, published by Fleming H. Revell Company, New York.

NARY

REVIB ORLD AN INTERDENOMINATIONAL REVIEW OF WORLD-WIDE CHRISTIAN PROGRESS —- .. ————~——— VOLUME LVI JANUARY, 1933 NUMBER ONE Topics of the Times THE NEW YEAR OUTLOOK may well accept the admonition and encourage- ment of Jesus, the Christ, given to His little band Never have men faced a New Year with more of disciples in the darkest hour of history, just perplexity and apprehension than we face the before His crucifixion. They were a small, weak year 1933. The whole world seems in a turmoil band of peasants; their little country was sub- -warfare and threatened upheavals mark politi- ject to an alien power; the political, social and cal life in Central America, in Ecuador and Co- religious leaders were against them; their aclombia, in Bolivia and Paraguay, in Chile and cepted Messiah was condemned to die a felon's Argentina; in Europe and in India, in China, death and their own little chosen band included Manchukuo and Japan. War debts and economic a traitor and timid and self-seeking disciples. In distress threaten to overturn the social and in- that hour Jesus Christ gave His disciples (in John dustrial institutions of Germany and Britain, of xiv) the remedy for discouragement: America, Australia and other countries. Soviet Russia is struggling to put through her economic 1. "Believe in God"-the creator and loving heaven- Five-Year Program but with small prospects of ly Father whom He had come to reveal. success; her leaders threaten to outlaw all religion in five years. Atheistic communism is also 2. "Believe in me"-the eternal Son of God, and Saviour who had come to redeem a lost and sinful carrying on a tireless and systematic missionary propaganda in other lands, taking advantage of WO:.ldB~~i~vt~ i~r!~! ~~~~a~~~/~~~:t~~;~r!Olil:!~~d folthe present world-wide unrest. In America and Great Britain-the foremost nations established low the Way of Life that He came to point out and to somewhat on Christian ideals-economic de- make possible. pression and unemployment threaten the very existence of many philanthropic, religious and 4. Believe in God's power and readiness to do missionary enterprises. Poverty stares former "greater things" for His people in the future than He liberal givers in the face; mission boards are cut- had ever done in the past. ting down appropriations and churches are fac- 5. Believe in God's abiding presence and continued ing deficits. revelation of Christ, and His carrying out of His lov- This is a time of crisis, but it is not unprece- ing purposes through His Holy Spirit-ever abiding with His true followers. dented. Many times in past years the world has been in a worse plight. Had we lived in the days These promises were all fulfilled in the days of the crucifixion of Christ or in the Dark Ages, following the resurrection; they are being realand had we known world conditions then as we ized today where the conditions are fulfilled. We know them now, we might well have been dis- do not always see the fulfillment and our miscouraged. Today we know and are affected by taken expectations and ambitions often mislead conditions in other lands; we are disturbed be- us as the early disciples were misled by false cause our desires for peace, prosperity and en- ideas. Today, as of old, only God can tell the lightenment are so far from realized. Conditions number of those who "have not bowed the knee may not be essentially worse but our ideals are to Baal"-but they include unnumbered multihigher and we have experienced great past pros- tudes in many lands. It is not possible to estiperity. mate the volume of prayer that is offered con- tinually that the rule of God may be established What then should be our New Year outlook as and recognized in all the earth. The New Year we face present distress and opportunity. We begins with a Universal Week of Prayer in which Christians of every race and tribe and nation unite to honor Almighty God, as revealed turough [3 ]

Jesus Christ, and to seek His guidance and power informed Christian what he writes will come with authority. for the work He has commissioned His Church Mrs. Henry W. Peabody also gives "A Woman's to do in the world. Appraisal" of the Laymen. She is held in high esteem for her wisdom and devotion and her Suffering may come to Christians today, as it views will carry weight because of her experience as a missionary in India, her forty years as a came to the early Church, but all the machina- missionary executive and her wide travel and extensive authorship in the interest of foreign tions of atheistic communism and of other forces missions. Her views are expressed frankly and clearly. of evil, and even death itself, cannot prevail Another paper in this number deserving attenagainst the Church of Christ-in Russia, or in tion deals with the fundamental question: "What Is Our Missionary Commission?" In it Dr. America or in any other land. We have His Henry W. Frost, for forty years Home Director of the China Inland Mission for North America, promise. The forces of evil have tried in vain to takes clear issue with the missionary aims and purpose expressed by the Appraisal Commission. overthrow the power of Christ through lies, cor- We quote elsewhere terse comments on the Reruption, persecution, and death but they have port and reactions expressed by various church boards, pastors, editors, missionaries, and laynever succeeded and never will. men. So many debatable questions are raised by the Appraisal Commission that we purpose to de~ The New Year outlook-with God-is one that vote some space each month to their considera- tion. Articles on the Christian missionary ideals, calls for a clearer understanding of His ideals, aims, message, personnel, methods and adminis- tration will be written by such leaders as Dr. a reconsecration to His service, readjustments to Julius Richter of Germany, Dr. W. Wilson Cash of London, Dr. John A. Mackay, Dr. Wm. B. His program, and deeper experience of His life. Anderson, Dr. Hugh R. Monro and others. The questions have to do with the whole basis and It is not a disheartening outlook but one full of purpose, the message and plan of Christian mis- sions; they relate to the best use of the large promise and of opportunity-wITH GOD. . sums of money expended; to the type of mission- aries that should be sent out; to the methods and RETHINKING THE LAYMEN'S APPRAISAL equipment most effective in educational and med- ical work; to the initiative, leadership and au- As might have been expected, the publication thority of the churches established in the mission of the Report of the Appraisal Commission of the fields; to the whole success or failure of the work; Laymen's Foreign Mission Inquiry has aroused and to the need for its continuance on the old or considerable interest and much criticism. Fol- on a new basis. lowing the twenty-two newspaper releases, the Report itself has been published in a volume Many experienced leaders at home and abroad under the title "Rethinking Missions." This ap- are preparing papers for the REVIEW on one or peared on November 18 simultaneously with an another of these topics. Their views and presoral interpretation and defense of the Report by entation of the facts will be interesting and the Appraisal Commissioners. Many boards have worthy of careful study. The whole future of issued official statements concerning the Report, missionary interest and cooperation at home and and pastors, missionaries, laymen and editors the success of work abroad depends on a right have expressed their opinions-pro and con. One attitude toward these questions now under disboard advises all the clergy to read the volume; cussion. This is a time of crisis not only in misbut the truth is that comparatively few clergy or sionary work but in Christian thinking. Shall chu:rch members are well enough acquainted with we go forward or retreat? Does this missionary real facts of missions to enable them to form a enterprise depend on human energy and sagacity, discriminating judgment on the subjects under or does it depend on divine leadership and power? discussion. Are we to attempt to blaze new trails under the leadership of men or are we to follow more fully In this number of the REVIEW we devote con- the divine Leader who has declared Himself to be siderable space to the Report and its recom- the Way, the Truth and the Life? mendations. This is not because of its peculiar originality, wisdom or authority but because the pUblicity given to the views of these fifteen men and women has aroused interest and even threaten to create a division in the Church. On another page Dr. Robert E. Speer writes a long, fairminded and careful review of the Report. He is undoubtedly the foremost authority in America on the subject of foreign missions. He has studied the subject for over forty years, has many times visited Asia and Latin America, has written a dozen or more books on missionary topics and for over forty years has been secretary of one of the largest Protestant foreign mission boards in America. As an open-minded and well-

TOPICS OF THE TIMES

THE NEED FOR A CHRISTIAN SOCIAL dous readjustment in the scale of living and of ORDER wages. The only solution of industrial and other problems is through the adoption of truly Chris- The Baptist Social Service Committee has re- tian ideals and methods in which cooperation will cently published a call for "A Christian Recon- replace competition; where brotherly love will struction of Society." There seems to be no take the place of self-aggrandizements; where ground for denial of the fact that in every land there will be a return to a simple mode of living; the present social order is based on selfishness- where many will serve without remuneration in which is far from Christian. The Baptist sum- political, social and religious spheres; where the marizes the committee findings as follows: number of wage earners in a family will be lim- ited to necessity; where wealth will not be ac- Our civilization is not condemned as wholly bad, cumulated but will be quickly distributed; and but it is in its policies, practises, and results, grossly where the principles and Spirit of Christ rather at variance with the principles of Christ. It is ma- than the rule of mammon, will prevail in State, terialistic and selfish, exalting personal possessions industry and society. Is there any ground for above public service. It condones injustice, exploiting hope that this time will come except with the comthe poor, crushing the rich under accumulations of un- ing of Jesus Christ to reign in all the world and earned income, distorting the social vision of the peo- in every sphere of life? ple, wasting the common wealth, reducing millions of citizens to privation and a humiliating dependence upon charity.

The solution, according to the report adopted HUMAN SLAVERY by the Northern Baptist Convention, lies in the "The abolition of slavery is an unfinished task courageous application of the teachings of Christ facing Christianity and modern civilization." as to all human relationships. These teachings This is a challenge issued by the Committee on include the conviction that African Welfare 0 f the Federal Council of The principles of the Gospel are socially valid; that Churches. It is true that human slavery is not goodwill, guided by intelligence, is a sound basis for a wholesome community life; that society can be made yet abolished from the earth. Hundreds of thou- Christian in spirit, structure, and function; that the sands of domestic slave girls are reported to be people are educable for social living; that higher in- still bought and sold in China; these servants centives than avarice, ambition, or any other motive are household drudges, often abused and without of predatory self-interest, can be invoked to bring out civil rights. It is estimated that half a million the best service of the individual to his fellows; that men and women are slaves in African and Arab the people can be entrusted with the power of demo- homes; many are kept in ignorance and servile cratic control over their economic life; that industry labor or form part of Moslem harems. But the can be organized on the principle of cooperation for evil is not confined to Asia or Africa.

the common good; that distribution can be so coordi- The Committee of the Federal Council is connated as to supply the needs of all; that there need cerned especially with the matter of enforced and be no dispossessed class sinking into servitude, pov- slave labor in Africa. Liberia is now under scruerty, ignorance, vice, and misery; that civil govern- tiny by the League of Nations because of unment can be made ~he democratic agent of the com- savory reports of slavery in that Black Republic. munity for the impartial promotion of the welfare of There is also contract labor in Portuguese Africa all the people; that disagreements among groups, and other parts of the continent; this is degradclasses, and nations can be adjusted peaceably; that the cooperative commonwealth is practicable on a ing and inhuman. To clear forests, build roads world-wide scale. and railways, to work in mines or till the soil, Such faith is inherent in the acceptance of Jesus thousands of men and women are taken from Christ as the exponent of the true way of life. It their homes and compelled to work for less than glows with the love of Christ for humanity. Its sym- it costs to live in decency. The inhuman exploitabol is the Cross. tion brings misery, disease and moral and physi- The findings of the new "technocracy" are be- cal disaster. Thus many tribes are ruined and ing studied by economic and social experts in an families are blotted out. In some districts forced attempt to solve unemployment, overproduction labor means practically slavery.

and faulty distribution problems in this machine The Committee on African Welfare plans to age. Some of the technocracy group go so far study the problems affecting native peoples of as to say that if we are to absorb the output of Africa from the standpoint of social and economic modern factories where the electric eye, the robot progress and human rights; they will advise with and other machines are taking the place of hu- other groups interested in promoting the welfare man labor, then the hours of employment may of primitive peoples and will make public the in- be reduced to one or four days a week or two to formation gathered on the subject.

four hourf'l a day. Thif'l would mean a tremen- But there are other human slaves-not all so

classed. These are the prostitutes of Japan and TASKS FOR A UNITED CHURCH other lands who are slaves of human lust. They have no liberty because they cannot buy their Organic union is less effective than spiritual freedom. There are economic slaves in Europe and America who are compelled by hunger to unity. There is room enough for individualism work for a pittance and have no freedom to enjoy life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness. Among and varied activities in any church or group of these are multitudes of child workers whose impoverished or cruel parents compel them to labor churches. The unity required is that which cenand then absorb the meager fruits of their hard service. Even employed workers are fortunate if ters in loyalty to Christ and cooperation in His we do not all become slaves of economic conditions and of the machine age which keeps men service. At Indianapolis (December 6-9) the grinding away at materialistic tasks, with no spiritual eyesight, like Samson, following a tread- Federal Council of Churches held its Quadrenmill existence without making progress. But the worst evils come from the fact that everywhere nial Meeting and considered the tasks which conmen and women are still in the slavery of sinbound by chains of desire and of habit. Today front the united Protestant Church of America America is threatened by the domination of gangsters, of bootleggers, of unprincipled politicians today. Dr. Arthur W. Beaven, President of Coland plutocrats. Not ready to learn from past experience, the legislatures are preparing again to gate-Rochester Divinity School, was elected preslicense the manufacture and sale of soul and body destroying intoxicants which take away self-con- ident to succeed Bishop Francis J. McConnell. trol and bring inebriates under slavery to lust, dishonesty, insanity, and murderous passion. This Quadrennial Meeting was significant be- What is the way out of this human slavery? cause of the plans made for reorganization in the The condition was even more prevalent and more recognized in the days when Christ was on earth. interest of relating the Council more closely to He came "to proclaim liberty to the captive," and said clearly, "If the son shall make you free-ye the constituent denominations. These plans inshall be free indeed." If men are to be set free they must be liberated from the control of lust for clude the following: gold and power and slavery to personal appetite. Real slavery is spiritual rather than physical. 1. The Council is to meet every two years, instead Let Christ rule in Japan and there will be no li- of every four. This is to secure closer oversight and censed quarter and no vice in the home. Let larger exercise of responsibility by the official repre- Christ rule in China and domestic slavery will be no more. Let Christ rule among Arabs and the sentatives of the denominations. The size of the greed for gold and for enlarged harems will be Council is reduced, each denomination being entitled taken away; let Christ rule in Africa and men and women will work without compulsion to de- to three members with an additional member for every velop the earth and will receive a living wage. 100,000 of its communicants. Let Christ rule in Europe and America and truth, justice, purity and brotherly love will drive out 2. The Executive and Administrative Committees the desire to exploit humanity for the sake of are combined as the Executive Committee, to meet "filthy lucre." monthly. Each denomination is entitled to two mem- bers on this Committee with an additional member for "Whosover commits sin is the bondservant of every 500,000 communicants after the first 500,000. sin." Men are set free from the domination of sin and selfishness as they are drawn into the 3. All members, both of the Council and of the Exservice of Christ and stand fast in the liberty wherewith Christ has made us free. It is not ecutive Committee, are to be named directly by the necessary again to be entangled by the yoke of bondage-to forms and ceremonies, to passions denominations. There are to be no coopted members. and love of gold and material things, to fear or favoritism. The freest people in the world are 4. The commissions and committees are reorganized the voluntary hond-Rlaves of Jesus Christ. into eight departments,-Field, Evangelism, Research and Education, Social Service, Race Relations, Inter- national Justice and Goodwill, Relations with Churches Abroad, Radio. There is to be also a Committee on W<lrl!.hill.

5. All departments and committees are to be ap- pointed by, and under the direcUon of, the Executive Committee. .

Social Ideals and Personal Religion Another center of interest was the stateme.nt of revised "Social Ideals." These ideals deal pri- marily with the meaning of the Christian Gospel for our economic and industrial life, but add sec- tions on problems of race, world peace, rural life, and the family. The section on Marriage and the Hom'e, particularly the part relating to informa- tion about birth control by physicians and other qualified persons was referred to the Executive Committee for further study and report.

There was also emphasis on the basic necessity of personal religion and Christian faith. No fewer than five speakers dealt trenchantly with this question. Larger Christian Unity was the subject of the farewell address of BiRhop McCon- nell as preRident of the Council.

Appraisal of the

An attempt at a lust Review of the Report of the Appraisal Commission of the Laymen's Foreign Mission Inquiry By ROBERT E. SPEER, New York Secretary of the Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions; Author of "The Unfinished Task of Foreign Missions," etc., etc.

OUR first desire ought to be and is to ex- in which the Commission tried to consider the press hearty appreciation of the purpose work of foreign missions. The Commission and spirit of this Inquiry and Report and sought "to be thorough in its inquiry and objec- of the unselfish devotion of time and effort which tive in its attitude" and "to consider always the it represents. It was undertaken and has been greater interest rather than the lesser, the good carried through with the highest motives and of humanity rather than the growth of a special with the earnest intent of advancing the mission- movement." (Report, p. 3.) ary cause in its efficiency on the field, and of en- This was the right method for the Commission listing at home a far larger body of laymen in in its study of missions and it is the right method its adequate support. There ought to be no ques- for all of us in the study of the Commission's tion of motive or purpose raised with regard to Report. Our only question should be, Is this a this able and friendly criticism of the work of just and true Report? If not, wherein does it foreign missions. And likewise there should be err? If in other matters it does not err, what no such question raised in the case of criticism help can we derive from it? Missionaries and of this criticism. Missionaries and missionary missionary administrators are not holding jobs.

administrators ought to welcome this review of They are spending their lives and they want to them and their work with no reference to motive spend them in the wisest and most fruitful way.

or intentions, except gladly and unreservedly to The Criticisms of Missions acknowledge that both the Inquiry and the Re- port have been animated by the highest and the Let it be said at once that there ought to be no worthiest purpose. Likewise those who must sensitiveness at all on the part of Missions and now appraise this appraisal must not be charged Boards with regard to their being passed under with prejudice or obstinacy if they find things the severest criticism. The Report begins with from which they must dissent. They must be the recognition of the fact that this has been the credited with the same sincerity and open-mind- lot of Protestant missions since they began. In- edness and right purpose with which they gladly deed it was the lot of St. Paul at the outset. And credit others. modern missions were launched against an ocean Some of those engaged in this Inquiry and Re- of criticism both within and without the Church.

port are among one's best and dearest friends, Never during their history have foreign missions who have been known and loved for many years, been free from scrutiny and appraisal. They but the matter to be considered is not concerning have not asked to be. On the contrary, if I may the devoted persons engaged in the Report but repeat words written many months before the the Report itself. The Report is an objective Laymen's Foreign Missions Inquiry was first document, now printed and copyrighted in final suggested: form, and it is to be studied and judged for what "The foreign mission enterprise criticizes itself far it is and as it stands. Interpretations and quali- more within than it is criticized without. There could fications, such as were offered at the Conference be made with little difficulty a list of reports, books on November 18 and 19 (to which reference will and articles by missionaries and missionary adminis- be made), will not reach the tens of thousands trators which deal far more radically and intelligently of persons to whom the Report and the publicity with the problems of missions than the critics have done from without. Noone ever dealt more vigor- releases will have gone. It is these documents ously with the problem of the relation of missions and and the judgments contained in them that alone education than Rufus Anderson, or of missions and are to be considered and they ought to be con- subsidies that John L. Nevius, or of missions and sidered in the same unflinching and objective way economics than A. G. Jones, or of missions and gov- [7]

ernments than R. N. Cust, or of missions and society fact the financial response from the laymen was than J. C. Gibson, or of missions and national char- negligible and the Inquiry was carried through, acter than Guido Verbeck and Samuel A. Barnett, or not as a great and widespread movement of layof missionary administration than S. J. Clark. The men, but by a very small and devoted group. In foreign mission movement is full of shortcomings. It this it was in the true line of foreign missions must inevitably be. Its central idea becomes con- which has always been a small minority movefused. The great religious and theological convictions ment, a few individuals leading and seeking to back of it become relaxed or distorted. Its best agents inspire and carry the rest. realize most their inadequacy. And all of its agents are not the best. But so far as it is genuine and true And the Report itself is not really a laymen's it will go on, and criticism will help it and not hurt it. Report. A full third of it is a careful discussion It will winnow and clarify, and while it may cut down of the theological and religious and psychological the volume of support, especially the unjustified criti- basis of foreign missions, written by two of the cism that goes on within the Church and among the ablest and most justly respected philosophers of Christian people who ought to be supporting missions, our country. Three of the fifteen members of all this will be beneficial. Foreign missions have al- the Commission were ministers and three were ways been a small minority cause, and will continue ,so. women. Only three members would class with The worthwhile causes live by their worthwhileness, the type of business laymen to whom the newsnot by majority commendation. papers and the popular impression attribute the Report. Is It a Laymen's Report? All this does not discredit the Report or affect The special elements of significance in the criti- our judgments about it, which must be absolutely cisms of this Appraisal Commission's Report are objective. The Report is the Report and it is its friendly intent, its comprehensiveness, its with it alone that we have to deal. It is very deserious and persuasive presentation, the gravity sirable, however, that we should approach it and of the fundamental issues which it raises and the deal with it on a basis of absolute truth and realextraordinary publicity which has been organized ity as to how it originated and what it represents. for it. As a matter of fact, the "laymen" idea can be easily overdone. It is overdone in such state- Before we go on to study the Report there are ments as the one made on November 18, "It is two or three matters which deserve comment. we laymen who furnish the money." Most of First, in the interest of absolute truth and real- the money comes from women, and in many ity we should examine the impression that this is churches the largest individual donor is the pasa laymen's report and that it represents a great tor. Churches can be named where almost the body of lay concern which undertook the move- whole contribution is from the minister and his ment spontaneously because, as stated at the wife. There is no more infallability or authority meeting on November 18 and 19, "Things were in the views of laymen than in the views of any not right on the foreign field. There were omi- other class. And it does not matter whether the nous rumors. The Boards themselves did not Report was produced by laymen or by theologians seem to know how to direct the work under their or philosophers or women. It must be taken for care." It was stated also that as soon as the what it is and considered as a serious and honest idea of the Inquiry was broached by one denomi- appraisal by sincere and honest and capable men national group "the other denominations came and women. The only relevant question is, how and asked, why can't we join the enterprise?" far is it right and how far is it wrong? The Report itself states the matter more accurately. Members of the other denominations Why the Publicity Releases? were invited and urged to join, and in some cases were persuaded only with difficulty because of The other matter regarding which in all hontheir doubt as to the timeliness of the undertak- esty a word should be said is the "publicity reing, only two years after the Jerusalem Council, leases." When the first copies of the Report were and as to the character and value of the investi- placed in the hands of the Boards in September, gation proposed. Later when the Inquiry Com- after the meeting in Mohonk at which the Committee was constituted, consisting of seven groups mission presented its Report formally to those of five members each from seven denominations, members of the Inquiry who were present, they the real activity was undertaken by a small ex- contained the assurance and admonition that the ecutive committee of seven, and the actual burden Report was to be held confidential until Novemwas borne by a still smaller number. An earnest ber 18, when the Commission expected to present effort was made to enlist a large number of spon- the Report formally to members of the Missionsors, partly to help finance the Inquiry and partly ary Boards. The Mission Boards scrupulously in hope that when the Report was made it might observed this requirement. The Inquiry did not lead, with their support, to a great revival of the do so. It gave as its reason for the enormous Laymen's Missionary Movement. As a matter of

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publicity campaign which was launched, that it appointed by the Boards. This was the only was desired to awaken public interest and secure form in which the matter ever came before some the wide reading of the full Report when it should of the Boards. The few laymen who were guid- appear. It would seem that the only possible ing it, however, decided that it was better to ethical corollary should have been to release the carry it forward in complete independence of the Boards from the prohibition which the Inquiry Boards, and this was done. The confusion as to had ignored. This was not done and the Boards the scope of the Report is over the question as to were in consequence obliged to be silent when whether the representations and recommenda- their constituents were demanding why they tions of the Report relate only to the missions made no explanation of their position under the of the seven denominations to which the members flood of criticism, and demanded change in the of the Inquiry belong or if they apply to other releases. denominations and also to the missions of other These releases were limited to actual quota- nationalities. It was said by some of the Com- tions from the Report, but the publicity agent missioners at the meeting on November 18 and used the sections most likely to arouse public con- 19 that while the commissioners had viewed other cern, and the character of newspaper editorials work than that of the seven denominations, and headlines was not always unwarranted by nevertheless the Report confined itself to them.

his selections, especially as he set in heavy-faced The Report, however, does not support this view.

type any paragraphs that might be given a sensa- The Foreword makes no mention of any limita- tional construction. tion. It says the study "was to include an objec- The publicity releases have indeed aroused tive view of the presuppositions of the entire en- great interest and also great concern. They were terprise," and was to offer recommendations re- welcomed chiefly by those newspapers which have garding "missionary activities of every sort."

been hostile to missions and by those individuals And the proposals of the Report regarding the who were already antagonistic. They have so basis of missions, policies of work, cooperation aroused a great body of the Christian constitu- and unity, evangelism, personnel, organization encies that they have frustrated their own pur- and administration, are not limited at all to the pose and have made it difficult to secure a fair missions of the seven American denominations consideration of the good elements in the Report. but affect not one whit less all missions of all na- It is interesting to note that in Great Britain, tions. It is this that gives very grave concern after the first few releases, the whole publicity to our British and Canadian missionaries and effort was suppressed by the British Missionary Boards and the large number of groups in the Societies and the British newspapers. It is in- Foreign Missions Conference of North America, teresting also to note that the whole psychology which had no relationship to the Inquiry and Re- of this approach to the Church at home is dia- port. With no voice in the matter they are as metrically opposed to the advice of the Report as deeply affected as anyone else, and the publicity to the missionary approach abroad. The first act releases were poured upon their constituencies of the Inquiry was to do the very sort of thing as elsewhere.

the Report condemns, namely, to antagonize in- The Spirit and Extent of the Appraisal stead of conciliate, to magnify variance instead As we read the Report we cordially recognize of agreement. And does the Report itself always the high mindedness of it, the beautiful literary escape this danger? statement, especially of the first four chapters, Who Was Responsible? the conscientious effort to express accurate and This fact brings to light one more confused just judgments, the ability with which so many feature of the situation which in the interest of different minds and types as the Commission accuracy and truthfulness needs to be clarified, comprise were brought into effective accord, the namely, the responsibility of the Inquiry and the positive confidence and assuredness of opinion, scope of the Report. The Inquiry has been more the courageous destructiveness combined with than once spoken of as representing the seven the purpose of construction, the fearlessness of denominations and sometimes as representing the prediction, the rich humanism, the effort at in- Boards of the seven denominations from which clusion, the unhesitating counsels of perfection, there were members on the Inquiry (Baptist, the competence with which the materials have Congregational, Episcopal, Methodist, Presby- been admitted or discarded, the severity and the terian, Reformed Church in America, United urbanity. One must recognize also, however, the Presbyterian). The Report itself speaks twice of utter inadequacy of the time allowed for such a the "Boards cooperating in this Inquiry." colossal task as the appraisal of the most ex- Originally it was intended that an Inquiry tensive and intricate activity of the Christian should be conducted by a commission of laymen Church. The calendar indeed appears to have

been kind to the Commission, since the Report depth of background. It lacks the evidence of itself states that the Commission was able to the saturation of men's minds in the history and spend three weeks in Central China with head- life of the expansion of Christianity as a great quarters in Shanghai between March 11 and organic movement. It was stated on November March 25! If it means, however, that of three 18 that a chapter on the history of missions had weeks spent in Central China two were spent in been prepared for the Report but had been omit- Shanghai, that would signify that the Commis- ted for lack of room. It would be interesting to sion had one week for Central China and the see that chapter. The Report itself does not bear whole Yangtse Valley. the marks of sufficient first-hand knowledge of The time spent in India and Burma was three the missionary issues in the Apostolic, the medi- months. And why was Burma included and eval and the modern Church. Indeed St. Paul is Korea, racially, politically and religiously at least left out entirely of the first four chapters on the as close to Japan as Burma is to India, omitted? basis of missions except for one reference to his The whole time in China was two and a half tact at Athens (which passes over the sequel), months, at a time of great political disturbances and for the statement that he was not a "foreign limiting travel, and in Japan less than six weeks. missionary after our present pattern." But apart Only the bravest folk would venture on such a from the New Testament, there is no background responsible appraisal as this Report on the basis of appreciation of the evolution of missions or of of such an experience, unless they already had the true motives of the early missionaries, their formed convictions regarding many of the issues attitude to the non-Christian religions and their involved. Nine months would not warrant such interest in social and physical welfare as well as a Report as this unless it rests also, as it ob- in the salvation of souls. The Report defines the viously does, and as it was certain that it must, historical missionary motive as including "'a con- on broad postulates, such as the conceptions of cern for the spiritual welfare of the Orient," "a Christianity and the Church, which were carried fundamental groping toward the moral unity of to Asia and were not drawn from the observa- the world," "a regard for the inner health and tions of those nine months. truth of the existing Church" (p. 9).

Even the work of the three "Fact Finding This is not an authentic picture, especially Groups" which preceded by a year the visit of when we add to it the touches of the Report with the Commission, and whose work was submitted regard to the absorption of the early missionaries'

to the Commission for its use, could not have been thought in saving individuals souls (pp. 19, 61), so adequately exhaustive and accurate as to carry and their want of interest in economic and social the warrant of complete authority. These pre- issues. The most nearly adequate statement of liminary groups were made up of diligent and the early motive is given in the Report on careful workers and it is to be hoped that the page 35: results of their work will be made available. But The original objective of the mission might be stated a pamphlet distributed with the expressed ap- as the conquest of the world by Christianity; it was a proval of the Inquiry, at the meeting on Novem- world benevolence conceived in terms of a world cam- ber 18, stated that there were not a few men "of paign. There was one way of salvation and one only, rather small calibre" in the fact finding groups. one name, one atonement; this plan with its particular Perhaps one may say good-naturedly that this historic center in the career of Jesus must become the judgment may comfort the main body of mission- point of regard for every human soul. The universal aries of whom, as we shall see, the Report says, quality of Christianity lay not alone in its valid prin- "The greater number seem to us of limited out- ciples of truth and morals, but in an essential paradox, look and capacity" (p. 15). They and the "Fact the universal claim of one particular hi·storic fact: Finders" must console one another. the work of Christ. General principles may be rea- soned out, and perhaps proved, so that all men must As we come now to the substance of the Report accept them. But particular facts cannot be proved; there are many right and sound counsels in it they must be recognized. Hence, in respect to its and with some of these we shall deal later. And central fact Christianity was neces,sarily dogmatic- there are also some counsels, which are the major it could only say Ecce Homo, Behold the Man; and it issues of the Report, which seem to us so grave, was committed to a certain intolerance, beneficent in so unsound, so dangerous that one must speak purpose-in the interest of the soul it could allow no of them in the same straightforward and un- substitute for Christ. It came to proclaim truth, flinching manner which characterizes the Report. which is universal; but its truth was embodied in a particular person and his work.

A Lack of Missionary Background The implication is that the new objective and Before taking these matters up in detail there motive must be different. Even this, however, are three broad observations to be made. would need to be supplemented to give it full his- 1. The Report suffers from a lack of adequate toric validity, (a) by recognition of the place in

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the historic motive of the personal love for their program. And those who were the most Christ. Even with David Livingstone in his ex- intense in their conception of Christianity as sal- ploring days this was the motive: "Shall not the vation for the individual soul for eternity were love of Christ carry the missionary where the more zealous than others who were philanthro- love of gain carries the trader1" Whether it is pists only, in the wealth of their human service.

called delusion or reality, the fact is that this and I pick out only two illustrations. They are not nothing else has been the primary element in the exceptions. They are truly representative.

historic missionary motive. One was William Carey. The missionary meth- (b) By realizing the scope and depth of the ods which he advocated included agriculture, the introduction of good cattle, and promotion of the social ideals of the early missionaries. It has conscious interests of the people. The project come to be accepted as assured fact that the which he set about accomplishing at once upon founders of the modern foreign missionary enter- his arrival in India was a mission which would prise were destitute of the social ideal. Their maintain itself upon and for the industrial life motives and aims, it is supposed, were purely in- of the community. He engaged in the manufacdividualistic and other-worldly. They were seek- ture of indigo. He made the best type and the ing to save souls one by one from a futUre doom best paper in India. He devised new methods of and had no conception of the mission of Chris- paper manufacture. He introduced the first tianity to bind men together in a purified human steam engine erected in India. He began the first society. Therefore their one method was to pre. Indian newspaper. He studied the natural hissent the Gospel orally, to the neglect of those tory of the country and began great collections forms of social service and those conceptions of and laid out experimental gardens. "Spare no human ministry which to our modern view are an pains to get me seeds and roots," he wrote to his essential part of the Gospel and an indispensable son William and names several specimens he deagency in its propagation, because without them sires. His letters are full of these matters. On words alone can neither express nor convey it. August 5, 1794, he wrote to the Society at home, Almost all of our recent missionary literature ac- "I wish you also to send me a few instruments cepts without question this view of the motive of husbandry, viz., scythes, sickles, plough-wheels, and method of the early missionaries.

The Early Missionaries and Social Service and such things; and a yearly assortment of all garden and flowering seeds, and seeds of fruit In affirming the presence in the early mission- trees, that you can possibly procure; and let aries of an intensely rigorous and solemn spirit, them be packed in papers, or bottles well stopped, modern writers are wholly right. These mission- which is the best method. All these things at aries did believe that eternal issues hang upon whatever price you can procure them, and the the relation of men to Christ. They accepted seeds of all sorts of field and forest trees, etc., I without wavering the New Testament view of the will regularly remit you the money for every significance for the world to come of human faith year; and I hope that I may depend upon the and character in this world. They believed that exertions of my numerous fri~nds to procure all men needed to be saved, and that there was them. Apply to London seedsIl}en ,and others, as none other Name given under heaven among men it will be a lasting advantage to this country; by which they might be saved, except the name and I shall have it in my power to do this for of Christ. They did seek to reach men one by what I now call my own country. – Only take care one and to secure the conversion of individuals. that they are new and dry." He founded in 1820 They did believe that the things which are seen "The Agricultural and Horticultural Society in are temporal and that the things which are un- India" and prepared its inquiries which, as Dr. seen are eternal, and they did conceive separately George Smith said, "show a grasp of principles, of Christianity and of the physical and social a mastery of detail and a kindliness of spirit fruitage which it might bear. The earnestness which reveal the practical farmer, the accomof their convictions in these respects cannot be plished observer, and the thoughtful philanthrooverstated. Without it they would never have pist all in one." One only we may quote: faced the inertia and resistance of the Church and of society and succeeded in launching their In what manner do you think the comforts of the undertaking. It would be easy to put together a peasantry around you could be increased, their health mass of testimony illustrative of the strength of better secured, and their general happiness promoted?

their grasp of the individualistic elements in This Society' became a great influence for good Christianity and of their sense of its eternal sig- in India, and later grew into three and formed nificance. the model for the Royal Agricultural Society of But the early missionaries did not lack the so- England, founded in 1838. He justified his ac- cial idea. Many· of them, indeed, over-socialized tion in these matter, "by quoting his hero, David

Brainerd, who was constrained to assist his In- about, that is not traceable in its origin to the< Chrisdian converts with his counsels in sowing their tian missionaries. I have inquired among all kinds of maize and arranging their secular concerns. people from all parts of China for such an activity of 'Few,' he adds with the true breadth of genius non-Christian origin without finding one. which converted the Baptist shoemaker into the Christian statesman and scholar, 'who are ex- The other illustration is from a home administensively acquainted with human life, will esteem trator, Jeremiah Evarts, Secretary of the Amerthese cares either unworthy of religion or incon- ican Board. In his "Address to the Christian Pubgruous with its highest enjoyments.''' He pro- lic," issued in 1812 he declares: tested against the narrowness of supporters of the work in America who had given money for It is now generally seen and felt, by those who have theological teaching which was not to be used any claim to be considered as proper judges, that for teaching science. "I never heard anything Christianity is the only remedy for the disorders and more illiberal. Pray, can youth be trained up for miseries of this world, as well as the only foundation the Christian ministry without science? Do you of hope for the world to come. No other agent will in America train up youths for it without any ever control the violent passions of men, and without knowledge of science?" the true religion all attempts to meliorate the condi- tion of mankind will prove as illusory as a feverish Carey began the great movements for the care dream. The genuine patriot, therefore, and the genuof the leper, for the abolition of widow burning ine philanthropist must labor, so far as they value the and infanticide, and for the abatement of other prosperity of their country and the happiness of the moral evils which "he opposed all his life with human race, to diffuse the knowledge and the influence a practicable reasonableness till he saw the pub- of Christianity at home and abroad. Thus will they lic opinion he had done so much to create tri- labor most effectually to put a final period to oppresumph. He knew the people of India, their re- sion and slavery, to per1idy and war, and to all the ligious, social, and economic condition as no trains of evils which falsehood, ambition and cruelty Englishman before him had done. He stood be- have so profusely scattered through the world. tween them and their foreign Government at the beginning of our intimate contact with all classes Some of the contrasts and judgments of the as detailed administrators and rulers." Carey's Report would have been modified and given a difbiography is one long record of ceasless fidelity ferent tone and proportion if those who made to his central, individual, spiritual aim at the them had been thinking of the missionary entersame time that he served society with more power prise with the kind of saturation in its organic and vigor, pouring out of this one man, than can character and tradition without which they would be found in some whole present-day governments. hesitate to be so positive in the sphere of busi- And yet the Appraisal Report says, "earlier mis- ness or medicine or education or philosophy. The sionaries were quite ignorant of social programs," Report does not realize that the whole missionary etc. (p. 245), and "nowhere in these countries effort is human and natural and that a missionary have missions made any notable or significant lives as a neighbor and friend among the people contribution to the solution of social and eco- and brings his message through normal human nomic problems nor promoted a program for relationships. their amelioration except in local situations" (p. 250). A deeper background and a more organic feel- ing and a richer and more real human apprehen- Contrast this with F. W. Stevens' testimony sion would have resulted in a more evolutionary regarding China. Mr. Stevens was on the faculty approach to the problems of the Report. The Reof the law school of the University of Michigan. port has been called "revolutionary." That is He went to China as the American representative hardly.true except with regard to its great basic of the Banker's Consortium, with no knowledge proposal, which the Report itself declares· must of and no special sympathy with the missionary supplant the old basis. Apart from that, the movement. He said in a public address in Peking: recommendations are not so novel or radical, but they are presented with what the Report itself I have come to believe that America's greatest con- declares to be a wrong psychology. Instead of tribution to China, greater even than American politi- building them into, the Report would build them cal friendship is the work of the American Christian instead of, what is. It would get rid of the people missionaries in China. This statement may indicate who alone are doing the work and would replace the importance I attach to the need of moral regenera- them with others of a different type and motive, tion which must precede any great political and in- on the bold assumption (which is untested and, dustrial improvement. In all China there is not a we believe, unfounded) that the others will be single organization on a scale of importance that aims available, and that the present ones who are to be at moral improvement or that is calculated to bring it relieved as unsatisfactory will await their supe- rior successors and then retire. It handles a great organic movement as though it were a piece of

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administrative mechanism, with inadequate imag- anywhere. They have supported and served the inative realization of human reactions. A richer Red Cross. They have been cooperators and "feel" for life and reality would have given a dif- often the chief administrators in famine relief.

ferent cast and tone to the Report. But the Commission's Report insists that the only A Lack of Comprehensiveness kind of missionary work that is entitled to sup- port is work according to the Commission's "own 2. The Report, as so often happens, while dis- type of thought and practice" !

approving exclusivism and partisanship is itself, The seriousness of the counsel sent out in the re- it is to be feared, exclusive and partisan. At the leases, and not really modified in the final Report, outset it deprecates "promoting one's own type of cannot be exaggerated. The public has been ad- thought and practice," (p. 4) and later it speaks vised that mission work is not entitled to con- sharply of the "trail of self-interest within the tinued support in its present form and on its pres- organization" which "lies like a sinister shadow ent basis. Even if this work were to be discon- over many phases of mission work." "Sinister tinued and replaced by work on the basis and of shadow" was "serpent" in the original and in the the form advocated by the Commission, the change releases, but has been softened in the printed should be gradual and evolutionary. But the Re- Report. And yet the Report itself is not less port sweeps off the board all that now is, "these positive and self-assertive. missions as a whole." Of course, the Commission At the beginning it declares that while much intended nothing of the sort. It later names spe- mission work excites no feeling of approval, there cific enterprises deserving larger support. Its are still "beginnings of good work which it would members wish the work to accept the changes they be a pity not to continue and develop," "arousing propose, and then to go on. But they have used in the observer a perpetual wish for more funds language, printed in heavy type and underlined so that it might be done better." These are (the only passage so underlined) in the releases, cautious words, "beginnings of good work," "be which means nothing less than advising the dis- done better." The members of the Commission continuance of further support of the existing in reality feel a far warmer glow than this and foreign mission work. This is not breadth and when they speak, speak with an enthusiasm inclusion.

which is too much repressed in the Appraisal. Must the Whole Report Be Accepted? The Report goes on to say that of this good work which is beginning but might be done better, as 3. The text of the Report makes the grave is undoubtedly true of all the good work of the error, which we must all seek to correct, of requir- world, "there is enough to bankrupt Christen- ing that all shall be taken or none. This is unwise dom." Then the Report adds the significant tactics, and happily at the meeting on November words: 18 it was made clear by the Commission that it There is in this fact, however, no ground for a did not wish the Report to be considered as a renewed appeal for the support, much less for the en- closed unity which the Boards and Missions need largement, .of these missions as a whole in their pres- not consider at all unless they were prepared to ent form and on their present basis. This Commission accept it in its entirety. But if we were to be makes no such appeal. In our judgment, there is not bound by the character of the Report we could not alone room for change, there is necessity for change, deal with it thus. It declares that the work must in respects which our report will indicate; and the be changed in the respects which the Report indieffecting of such change should be the condition for cates and that "the effecting of such change should every further ,enlargement of the enterprise (p. 5). be the condition for any further enlargement of The words;"as a whole" have been added to the the enterprise." Repeatedly in the book the spe- original Report and to the releases, but they cific recomn;t€ndations made are bound to the pro- change nothing. The statement was plainly made 'i>osals for a' change in the theological basis and and is now made permanent, that there is no room the establishment of a centralized administration for any missionary work except that which will (pp. 5, 152, 163, 279, 310, 312, 315, 321, 329).

accept the basis and form recommended in the In commenting on the Educational Commission Report. There are also some severe references to China in 1915, of which Dr. Burton was chair- later to the independent and "faith missions" man, the Report states, in its insistence upon edu- which appear to imply that in the Commission's cational consolidation: "Here again the futility of judgment there is no room for them (p. 85 f.). recommending concentration, without conferring Is this the principle of tolerance and inclusion? upon some competent and disinterested person or The missionary agencies which rest on the evan- group of persons the actual authority to carry it gelical basis and hold the evangelistic aim have out, is painfully apparent" (p. 171). This state- never sought to exclude any forces which in hu- ment is not altogether clear. The Appraisal Re- man sympathy and good will would work for men port recommends concentration. But it says such

recommendation is futile unless the power to ef- involved and who will be stirred, as they have alfect it is actually conferred. Has the Commission ready been stirred, to know whether their Boards done this or can it do it? If not why is the recom- accept or reject the proposed basic philosophy of mendation of concentration made? It does not Missions and of Christianity. say that the recommendation of concentration should be accompanied by the recommendation of The Proposed New Basis of Missions the conferring of power, but that it must be accompanied by the actual conferring of power. What is this proposed basis? The Report itself indicates that is is fundamentally different from This is incidental, however. The essential point the old and that only work built on the new basis is that the Report is self-frustrating in its present can be approved. The Report names Jesus, with form. It ties all of its recommendations to two Buddha and Mohammed, as one of the great majer proposals, both of which, whatever we may founders of religion who have been teachers of think of them on their merits, and we shall come men; who have "spent themselves speaking to to that, are impossible. The Churches, with one their own people and have left behind them an imor two barely possible exceptions, will not accept pulse which has moved on steadily across boundthe proposed change in theological basis, and they ary after boundary" (pp. 6, 7). "Through Jesus, cannot accept the suggested overhead autonomous and through such wills as His, God works" (p. control, unless there should be some Boards which 58). It describes as the old view the idea that cannot go on and which might welcome such an "there was but one way, the way of Christ" (p. 8). opportunity to give up their work. It is unfortu- The business of missions is not to "transmit the nate that no one on the Commission brought it letter of doctrine" but to "fulfill the religious life into contact with these hard realities and coun- of the Orient" (p. 16). What Christians believe to selled it to say what it wished to say on these sub- be the authentic historic facts of the New Testajects in less imperative ways, and especially in ment appear to be regarded as the "symbolical ways that would make it easy and not difficult to and imaginative expression" of Christianity (pp. consider the recommendations, many of them 19, 52). We are to consider ourselves not as the sound, on other subjects. bearers of a definite message but as "brothers in a common quest" with the non-Christian religions The Theological Basis (p. 31). We are to find and "stand upon the com- mon ground of all religion" (p. 33), "to recognize It is time to turn to the two central issues of and associate" ourselves "with whatever kindred the Report, the recommendations regarding the elements there are in the non-Christian religions" basis and the administration of Missions. At first (p. 33). The new objective must take the place of sight it may seem incongruous that a Laymen's the old, which was "the conquest of the world by Missions Inquiry should deal first, and for nearly Christianity" (p. 35). The Christian Church must a third of its space, with the theological basis. not do what the early Church did, "aim at de- Indeed some of the laymen of the Inquiry have stroying or displacing the whole structure" of realized so little the importance and significance other religions (p. 40). The only mention of the of this section that they have been impatient to New Testament is in the strange sentence, "The hear it discussed and have not seen why it could final truth, whatever it may be, is the New Testanot be ignored, or accepted for what it is, and as ment of every existing faith" (p. 44). Christianfar as it goes, with the assurance that anyone can ity and the other religions must join in a common add as much more as ,he wants to at this point quest for truth and experience which are not offor himself. But on second thought any reflecting fered in any final and absolute way in Christianperson will understand that Dr. Hocking was en- ity. The missionary "will look forward not to the tirely right when h~ said that the religious and destruction of these religions but to their contheological basis is the primary and essential tinued co-existence with Christianity, each stimuthing. It is one of the great merits of the Report lating the other in growth toward the ultimate that it discerns and declares this, even though goal, unity in the completest truth" (p. 44). "It later chapters deprecate the very thing which would be difficult to point out anyone general these opening chapters enforce. And it is well principle (in Christianity) which could not surely that the new basis proposed should have been set be found nowhere else" (p. 49). "The relation beforth so clearly and competently by such high- tween religions must take increasingly hereafter minded and able scholars as Professor Hocking the form of a common search for truth" (p. 47). and Dr. Rufus Jones. The importance of the pro- And the aim of missions is defined thus, "To seek posals here made cannot be exaggerated and they with people of other lands a true knowledge and cannot be passed over. For anyone layman who love of God, expressing in life and word what we will not put his mind on them or who thinks them have learned through Jesus Christ and endeavorof minor importance, there will be ten laymen in ing to give effect to His spirit in the life of the our churches who will clearly understand what is

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world" (p. 59). Note here, "religion" is dropped reality some members of the Commission hold the and "people" substituted, which is a very differ- second or third who do not hold the first. And the ent idea. Report is written in terms of the second and the Some Serious Omissions third and not at all of the first. In later passages There is much noble statement of some of the it is made plain that while many Christians beintellectual ideas of Christianity and there are lieve in Jesus as in a unique sense the "Son of frequent references to rich and abundant life and God" or the "Incarnation of God," and hold faith to the spirit of Christ, but it is made clear that in His Miracles and Resurrection, and that "into what is original is not the ideas that are found in the Person of Jesus, as the central symbol as well Christianity but the way in which they are com- as the central historic reality of this faith, Chrisbined (p. 49), that life is construed in humanistic tians are prone to compress its entire meaning" this-world terms, and that the spirit of Christ is (pp. 51, 56, 58), the Report desires "to use the not the Holy Spirit of the New Testament, who is privilege of laymen in avoiding as far as possible nowhere mentioned. And in general the theologi- the language of the unexplained symbol," and to cal basis is the basis of the old Protestant liberal- separate Christianity from the terms of the hisism which has been already superseded in Eu- toric Christian doctrine (p. 52). All these matrope by a deep evangelical wave. It is a basis ters are regarded as simply differences of conwhich passes over the ideas which give power both ception. "Beneath them are underlying agreeto evangelicalism and to the Roman Catholic faith. ments, belonging to the essence of Christianity" Nowhere is there any mention of prayer or of the (p. 56). "We need look forward to no time when supernatural forces of the Gospel. the authentic spirit of Christ, if freed from ham- pering organizational purposes, will be an unde- Christianity is conceived as the life and teach- sired visitor in any land. It can be recognized by ing of Jesus and as our thoughts of God and life non-Christians as well as by Christians, which is based on this life and teaching. The Report not one reason for suggesting that such representaonly does not commit itself to the position of the tives should be selected in part by invitation" (p. New Testament and of the faith of the Church 26,cf.John1:1l; 18:40; 19:6; Acts 16:22-24). with regard to the Deity of Christ and the mean- ing of His death and the great facts of the Incar- Christ and the N o'n-Christian Religions nation and the Resurrection, but it makes it clear that the Report is not based on this position. In Now this construction of Christianity and of the Foreword occurs this statement: its relation to non-Christian religions and this conception of Christ and His person, place and To some of our members the enduring motive of nature as a teacher and example and spirit, with Christian missions can only be adequately expres-sed no avowed acceptance of Christ as God or as Reas loyalty to Jesus Christ regarded as the perfect deemer or Saviour, and with no witness to the revelation of God and the only Way by which men meaning of His Death and the significance of His can teach a satisfying experience of Him. To others, Resurrection, are not possible for the Churches this motive would best be called the spirit of altruistic which hold still the great creeds, or even the service, the desire to share with all mankind the bene- fits and the ideals of a Christian community. To still ,Apostles' Creed, or which base themselves on the others, it would best be named the de-sire for a deeper New Testament. The unique meaning of Christ knowledge and love of God, seeking with men every- as the Son of God and the Divine Saviour is to where a more adequate fulfilment of the divine possi- them the very essence of Christianity. That was bilities of personal and social life. what Christianity was. Its simple confession was "Jesus, the Son of God, is Lord." It is so still. These views are not mutually exclusive: no one Christianity is not for us the life and teaching of statement is likely to exhaust the aim of a great Jesus only, or man's thought of God, or man's enterprise. In so far as the differences are those of search for God. For us Christ is still the Way language, some prefer the words which unite the pres- not a way, and there is no goal beyond Him or ent with the earlier language of the Christian world. Others desire to avoid the language of tradition, not as untrue, but perhaps as obscurely figurative or sym- apart from Him, nor any search for truth that is bolical, and for this reason an obstacle to the spon- to be found outside of Him, nor any final truth to taneous recognition of the majesty of that Figure to be sought by a universal religious quest except it whom men's thoughts return as by a natural instinct be sought in Him who is the Way, the Truth and of the heart (p. 14). the Life.

This statement, it has been frankly said, was Moreover Christianity is not what Jesus taught included to satisfy the members of the first group alone, it is what He did as Saviour, by His Life referred to who were not satisfied to concur in and Death and Resurrection. All this is not to us the Report otherwise. But the statement is in- obscurely figurative (p. XV) or "unexplained correct that "these views are not mutually exclu- symbol" (p. 52). It cannot be left out because the sive." The truth is they are not inclusive. In words which alone can explain or communicate it

have been often used. It is not to us a set of Lord. Recent experiments which might easily archaic ideas remote from real life, phraseology be cited are sufficient demonstration that some- unrelated to vital present-day experience, "the thing more than and different from the view of stiff and hardened phrases in which the living Christ and of Christianity represented here is es- faith of the Founder seemed to be stifled" (p. 83). sential to call forth the sacrifice and steadfastness The only truly authentic Christianity there ever without which no great unselfish and continuing was or ever will be is the Christianity that is both missionary work will be done. And back of all Jesus, the historic Son of Man and Son of God, is the witness of nineteen centuries of Christian and the Eternal Christ, the risen and ever-living history.

Master and Lord. The question of the right relations of Christi- The view of Christianity which the Churches anity to the non-Christian religions is too great believe to be true is that it is not a religion in the to be treated here. But long, long ago the theory sense of the non-Christian religions. It is not a and practice of Christian missions settled upon search of man for God. It is God's offer of Him- principles not comprehended in the Report. It re- self to men in Christ, who was not a fellow seeker veals no adequate first-hand knowledge of the with us after God, or a founder of a religion like real corporate attitude of the missionary move- Buddha or Mohammed, but "the fulness of the ment to the ethnic faiths. These principles can Godhead bodily." Our churches believe in Christ be briefly stated: Christianity should be pro- as a wholly unique Person. They include in their claimed in a simple positive message by words and view of Him and of Christianity all that the Re- deeds transfused with love. It should recognize port includes but a great deal more and they be- joyfully all the good in the non-Christian reli- lieve that the essential and important part is in gions and build upon it. It should not attack or this "great deal more." They believe that the deride the non-Christian religions, nor should it motive and power are not in man but in Christ slur over or ignore their points of difference from and that the view of human nature implied in the Christianity. It should make no compromises, Report, namely that it is capable in itself of con- but anticipate the absolute triumph of Christ as stant progress and improvement and of advancing acknowledged Lord and Saviour. It should wel- to the goal, is not a true view of human nature or come all transformations of the thought of non- in accord with the reality of human experience Christian peoples which bring it nearer to Chris- and the chastened conviction of mankind. tianity. It should perceive and hold fast the truth The comedy and the tragedy of life are both of its own uniqueness. It should .welcome any deeper, it seems to us, than the philosophy of the contribution to a fuller understanding of its own Report. This view of the Christian Church seems character. Everyone of these principles is old to us no more symbolical or imaginative than the and familiar in missionary policy.

conception of the Report of "life," "richer life," The Report accepts without adequate critical etc. These cannot mean simply better crops for examination the view presented at Jerusalem in farmers and more decent homes. They mean in- 1928 and inadequately examined there, namely, visible and spiritual values. The Church holds, that Christianity should make common cause and regarding the facts of Christian history and the partnership with non-Christian religions against conceptions of its Christology, that they are the secularism. There is a great deal more involved springs of reality and life, of all true and funda- here than appears and than can be discussed now, mental good here and hereafter, that they produce and I must be content simply to quote a striking the philanthropy and human service, and that statement by an able Methodist missionary in without them the ideals and energies of rich and India, the Rev. J. W. Pickett, at the meeting of abundant living thin out and die away. the Foreign Missions Conference of North Amer- It is a profound mistake to think that the re- ica in 1930: placement of this conception of Christianity and Of all the fine things that we have heard from the of Christ by the proposed view will vivify the mis- two speakers this morning, I am, I am sure, most sionary enterprise and supply it with new motive grateful for the declaration of Dr. William Adams and power. This is not the view of Christianity Brown that we must meet the challenge of humanism which is to command the youth of the world. in the same spirit of sympathy in which the Jerusalem Conference viewed the great ethnic religions. Out of It has already turned from it. Such ideas have India I have been compelled to feel very keenly that prevailed once and again since the end of the first many of the declarations that are being made with recentury, but the proposed reconstruction of Chris- gard to humanism and the whole wide range of secutianity has never launched and maintained a sin- larism have hardly been fair. There have been suggesgle mission. Individual missionaries may have such tions that it isencumbent upon the Christian forces to views but they and their work are borne along on unite with the forces of other religions to crush secuthe momentum of an unique collective faith in larism. The fact is that secularist forces, as I meet Jesus Christ as the One and sufficient and Divine them in India, are more akin to us in spirit and in

AN APPRAISAL OF THE APPRAISAL

program than the forces of organized religion with of the Lord of utter Love and Truth. Is our which we are in contact there. Many of the very finest orthodox speech inseparably bound always to pure spirits of India have been driven into secularism by love and efficient help to human lives? Are our the abuses of religion, and I feel that it is wrong to words made flesh? Is our New Testament faith call the Christian forces to any alliance with those always transfused with the New Testament tenforces against which these fine spirits are in revolt, derness? Have we always before our eyes the in order to crush them. Lord of the smoking flax and the bruised reed? Can we who believe we hold the "sound doctrine" Call attention certainly to the dangers of that secu- in trust abide the test, "The tree shall be known laristic outlook, but let us not be unfair to those peo- by its fruits?" We must answer these question8 ple, as I feel and as I know that some others in India not to any critics or commissions but to our only are feeling, we have been unfair in some of our dec- Lord and Master. We should be thankful to this larations. Report or aught else that drives us back in hu- mility and trust to Him. More than that, let us not ally or seem to ally Christianity with the forces that have been guilty of oppres- An Impracticable Plan of Administration sion. I feel we can do nothing that will more definitely check Christian progress in India than to say to The other main proposal of the Report is that India or seem to say to India that Christianity is in the Mission Boards should continue as promoalliance with all religious forces, for India is awake tional agencies to gather funds but that the entire today to the evils that some of these religious forces administration of these funds should be in the have forced upon them. She is in revolt against them, hands of a centralized autonomous body on which and she will not think more highly of our Lord be~ there would be one or two representatives from cause we, His disciples, seek today, in our apprecia~ each assenting denomination, but which would be tion of the finer things of the ethnic religions, and in responsible to none of them nor to all of them. our repentance, shall I say, of the older attitudes that This is not a possible idea. we have taken towards those religions, to ally ourselves with them now." (1) It assumes that the donors would continue to give to such an agency operating on the motive In the matter of the truth which Christianity and methods of this Report. They would not do has to learn from the non-Christian religions, the so. Donors feel that they are the trustees of only specification given is "meditation" which their own money and they will only give it when should be learned from Buddhism where, how- it is spent as they approve and determine. One ever, it is recognized that it is overdone (p. 45). of the Commissioners on November 19 declared But while we Christians do need more practice that donors had no right to act thus, that they of meditation, it is not a new conception to Chris- should give their money and let the overhead body, tianity. The Bible and Christian biography and which knows better than they do, spend it. There devotion are full of it. As a matter of fact, as is truth in this, but only within limits. Founda- Professor Pratt has pointed out, there is nothing tions and rich individuals are adamant in deterof good in any non-Christian religion which we mining the use and conditions of their gifts. Why do not already have in Christ. "The best that the is this right for them and wrong for the individ- East has to give we might have gained from our ual of modest means who has only a little to give? own Great Teacher if we only would." Another of the Commissioners argued that the right and only possible way to accomplish some We must not leave our statement of inability changes in the national churches was to coerce to abandon the old basis of missions, however, them with money pressure. It would seem that without a recognition of the questions which the the principle differs according to the foot which opening chapters of the Report suggest to our own the shoe pinches. But in any case it is obvious consciences. to anyone who knows the great mass of the giving constituency that the present donors would The Failure of Christians not allow their funds to be passed on to the new agency. This would be not because of denomina- The report says truly, "Everywhere Christi- tional narrowness, so frequently deprecated in anity is suffering from the poverty, the rigidity, the Report (pp. 69, 72, 85, 100, "the trivialities of the inertness of the conception which Christians denominationalism," p. 208) but because of unhave of its significance; everywhere Christians certainty as to the evangelical basis and evanare called upon to search the sources of their own gelistic purpose of the new body. faith" (p. 45). These are faithful and right words. And they turn our mind not to the non- (2) It is a mistake to think that in Christian Christian religions but to Christ. Are we really missions or anywhere else centralized monopoly apprehending Him and His power? Are we will- is a good thing. All life is cellular and it is far ing to let God in Christ work supernaturally in better to have freedom and experimentation and us today? Or is our Christianity only an idealistic ethic, on the one hand, or a dead opinion on the other? These are cutting questions which we ought to be forever asking ourselves as disciples

often individual failures than to trust everything If one saw a single navvy trying to remove a moun- to a group of such super-men as really have no tain, the desolation of the situation would be suffi- ciently appalling. Most of us have seen a man or two, ('xistpncp. Only the same kind of people would he or a hundr"d or t.wo~minfsters, missionaries, Chrisavailahle for this central hody as those who oper- tian laymen—at work upon the higher evolution of the ate great trusts and foundations and they have world; but it is when one sees them by the thousand shown themselves as prone to error and not more in every land, and in every tongue, and the mountain efficient than smaller and freer and more respon- honey-combed, and slowly crumbling on each of its sible groups. frowning sides, that the majesty of the missionary work fills and inspires the mind. (Smith's Life of (3) This scheme contemplates larger and per- manent control of foreign missions from the home Drummond, pp. 430-438.) base. We would move in the opposite direction Why could not the Report have sounded some and have the Church in each nation develop ulti- such heartening and ennobling notes as this? mately, though far away, into the sole represen- Its criticisms would have been all the more effectative of Christianity there, any further activities tive if borne on a tide of warm and appreciative of ours to be not foreign mission activities but and veracious recognition of what the foreign misservices of cooperation between the great Church- sionary, with all his shortcomings, really is and es of the East and the great Churches of the what his work, with all its deficiencies, has West. What the Report has to say, wisely, re- wrought in changing the world. This is very garding devolution and, not so wisely, of having different from the view that, in its present form the national Churches, as they are now, deter- and on its present basis, the work of foreign mismine the whole form and personnel of missionary sions is not justified in a renewed appeal for supwork, does not comport with the proposal of au- port (p. 5). thoritative and permanent American control in a centralized and irresponsible body. The Commission cannot have met personally more than a very small fraction of the mission- Before we come to the many valuable proposals aries in the Far East. Their judgment must rest of the Report regarding the various forms of on this small number, and yet the Report conforeign missionary work there are three other im- demns the "greater number" of missionaries as portant matters requiring comment. "unduly weak," who "seemed to us of limited out- What Kind of Missionaries look and capacity" (pp. 15, 16). But the Com- 1. The matter of missionary personnel. This mission did not see that "greater number." The is dealt with in two different places (pp. 15-18, standard of judgment as described on November 289-302). Here as in many other matters the 18th and 19th, in answer to questions, was a very Report balances statements favorable and unfa- high ideal standard, embodied in the words, "the vorable in a way that makes it possible to quote best or none." But no men and women with a the Report on either side of contradictory inter- sense of humor and any Christian humility will pretations of it. The newspapers and the public offer themselves for appointment under such an have had no hesitation, however, in understanding ideal. Some of the best missionaries in the world the net judgment of the Commission to be very would never have been appointed under such severe and unfavorable. Recognizing that there standards. The poor Apostles would have been are many people of only moderate ability and the disqualified from the start. "The best or none"

natural proportion of failures, it is nevertheless is an impossible slogan anywhere in life. The the common judgment of those who know the whole work of the world would stop under it. missionary personnel far more extensively than The best that can be had-yes-but no rule of either the Commission or the "fact-finding "perfection or nothing."

groups" that the judgment of the Commission is It was this judgment of the Report on person- not just. nel, next to the theological basis, which has Henry Drummond's ideal of true missionaries aroused most distress in our Churches. Literally, and their work was as high as the Commission's of course, the majority of the missionaries are and he said in 1890 in principle all that the Com- of limited outlook and capacity. So are the mi- mission says about quality, about specialists, nority. So are all other human beings. Surely about evolution VS. evangelism, as he puts it, the Commissioners do not know any mortal of about relations to existing truths, about "waste unlimited outlook and capacity. But the thou- and confusion," but he makes no such generaliza- sands of homes which have sent out their own tions as the Commission about the majority of children, and the Churches and colleges and uni- the missionaries as of "limited outlook and capac- versities which have sent out their best young ity," and his estimate of the quality of the people, and who know them well, have been deeply Churches is not that of the Commission, and his aggrieved at the sum total of the Commission's final opinion of the mission field as he saw it was: judgment. The sixty-one foreign missionaries

AN APPRAISAL OF THE APPRAISAL

sent by the Presbyterian Board in 1932 were, with right fields than David Livingstone and Griffith three or four exceptions in the case of women who John? The former wanted to go to China and had specialized training, graduates of State Uni- the latter to Africa. The London Missionary So- versities and of recognized colleges, including ciety reversed their desires. Both they and the Yale, Princeton, Vassar, Columbia, Radcliffe, Bar- world have blessed God for that reversal. The nard and Johns Hopkins. Postgraduate work Report is far from saying the last word on the was taken in our best professional institutions, subject of specialists and the selection and loca- theological, medical and educational. We who tion of missionaries. Let us say again, however, know our missionaries one by one and over periods it is right in its emphasis on personnel. The real not of six weeks or three months, but ten, twenty, problem is here-at home and abroad, in the mis- forty years, are not willing to have them discred- sionary staff and in the officers and membership ited all over the world as they have been by the of missionary boards, and in Church and college releases and the Report. We know the hundreds and business, indeed, even in committees and com- whom the Commissioners and the fact finders missions. Where is the Apostle Paul among us, never saw, many of whom are lost in the life of or Patrick or Columba or Boniface, or Raymond the people whom they serve like that missionary Lull, or Francis of Assisi? Where is the "faith in Japan of whom a Japanese was asked as he that rebels"? Who will break through all our passed on the street, "Who is that foreigner?" present conventions of method and process? Who The Japanese replied that he did not see any will kindle again the ancient fires? Let these· foreigner. "Why, yes, there he is." "Oh," was burn again and consume what they will.

the answer, "that is not a foreigner, that's Dr. Criticism of the Churches of Asia Norman." We know the failures and the misfits too and our ever-present problem is how to deal 2. The place of the Church. The Report thinks with them in the wise and Christian way. Alas, a the missionaries of the past were wrong in their full proportion of these failures and misfits are conceptions both of the place of the Church and among those who pass the highest tests and most as to the method of establis.hing it. They should nearly conform to the standards of the Report. not have tried to detach people from the old re- The Report does not solve the problem of how to ligions or their old social and religious rootage get the best men and women, the really best, or and environment but should have lived among of how to find specialists who are true mission- them as community servants, waiting until the aries as well. These problems are beyond our people themselves asked about their religious con- human solving. ceptions and wished to constitute themselves into The charges of narrow denominational self-in- a church integrally related to their own religious terest are surely overdone. The almost unbe- and social past (pp. 83, 101).

lievable "trail of the serpent" expression may well This is an idyllic conception. It passes lightly be forgotten. But it is not true that the Boards as the whole Report does, over the moral and are ever demanding statistical demonstrations of spiritual inertia of mankind, the dead resistance success, that they stand in the way of cooperation which the early missionaries met, the actual, ter- and unity, that all of them expect denominational rible facts of religion in these lands a century and churches to be built (pp. 85, 109, 110), that the more ago, and even today, and the "sin and indif- whole work is darkened by the "sinister shadow" ference" which, as one of the leading educators of "self-interest within the organization," (p. 17). of India remarked, are the basic facts which have Some of our Boards and Missions at least cannot to be dealt with everywhere. But of sin or moral recognize themselves in this picture. They know resistance the Report says next to nothing. The that it is not a true picture. Report sees the problem too much in terms of a This emphasis of the Report on personnel is small section of the people of Asia, the upper right. This is the central thing and all that can crust already permeated with Christian thoughts be done to raise the level of efficiency and power as a result of the old type and basis of mission- ought to be done, including better training, wiser ary work, no longer worthy of support! And it selection, larger freedom. It is a mistake to sup- has drawn its judgments too much, one fears, pose, as the Report does, that Mission Boards from conferences with non-Christian or ex-Chris- are foes of freedom, and that they impose checks tian leaders in the Far East.

and thwarts. With the rarest exceptions mis- The national and local churches which have sionaries are sent to the field of their choice and been established, with all their deficiencies, de- never to any field without their happy assent. serve a warmer judgment than the Report pre- The Report cites Morrison and Grenfell as having sents. One's thought goes out to them and to the chosen their own fields and demonstrated thus the missions in their hard struggle against such ter- desirability of such unhindered chc;>ice. Well, rific odds, as they read the Commission's discour- were ever men more unmistakably Rent to the aging eRtirnate of th~rn. What would su~h n

Commission in Paul's day have said of his little "a sectarian view" or with "the inherited divisions churches? We know what it would have said of of the Church," which do not "express the living the churches at the end of the second century, for theological issues of the present" (p. 69). It it was said pretty effectually by Celsus, who also appeals for an "Eternal Gospel" emancipated thought that it did not matter by what name God from "unalterable dogmas" (p. 83). "The standwas called among the various nations, that the ard preaching is far too doctrinal and is a comissue between Judaism and Christianity was un- plicated system of ideas instead of being a important, and that we should seek a general thrilling way of life" (p. 89). "The message has human consensus of unity in truth, "the identi- been doctrine-centered" (p. 94), "built around ties among the religions" (pp. 32, 46). These theological conceptions," "with complicated abpoor little churches of Asia are nevertheless the stract doctrines," "stereotyped patterns of docreal cells of life, however feeble and faltering. trine and static phrases which have gone dead" It is not biologically possible to establish Chris- (p. 95). Theological differences ought to sink tianity in Asia by disembodied fellowships. It into insignificance (p. 105). They are not almust come in concrete personalities, who will lowed to do so however, if a definite theological come the whole way to Christ without apology or view is urged as the only proper basis of missions self-defense, and in small groups who will pay and a central administration proposed to apply the price of clear Christian discipleship. The "the new conception of this scope and aim" (p. idea of the Report that Christianity should enter 321). Asia only as an invited guest and in the ways prescribed by Asia (it is not clear always whether The references to oral evangelism are almost in this the Report means by the Church or by the without exception derogatory (pp. 64 f, 74, 99). non-Christian religions or by the people generally) is not historically valid. Were the martyrs all And it is repeatedly urged that human service foolish suicides, who ought to have stayed away without any words at all is better evangelism. or conformed? And if it is the Church that is to decide the matter it will have to be a maturer Medical missions are declared to "represent in church than the Commission has found. If it did themselves the essentials of the Christian enterfind a Church equal to these responsibilities then prise" and their use and the use of education for it does not describe it justly in the Report. "ulterior ends," i. e., the winning of men to Christ, is challenged, (p. 199). The five aims of medical The Report is right in its insistence that the Church is too often thought of as an end and that missions which are given make no mention either the Church too often thinks this of itself and of evangelism or of Christianity or of Christ claims as a matter of right the continued support (p. 200). The work cannot be done by "evanof the Church in America. The Church with its gelization which begins and ends with preaching" sacraments, which are never mentioned, and as (p. 74) . No such disqualification is proposed with the living body of Christ, not a mere voluntary regard to medical and educational work. It is human association, is not adequately conceived by not said that "the work cannot be done by medical the Report. It is more of an end than stated in work which begins and ends with healing." Just Chapter IV, but both missions and Churches will the opposite is said. And it is held that philando well to take to heart the admonition of the thropies, hospitals and schools, which are not Report and conceive the Church more fully as an burdened with evangelistic purpose but are left to instrument for evangelization and for human render service with no "ulterior end," are welservice. comed and will be welcomed even when evangelis- tic propaganda is not and will not be (pp. 26, 70). The Place of Evangelism in Missions The contrary fact is that in some countries mis- sionary doctors and schools are not allowed at all 3. The third matter is evangelism. There is or are allowed only with increasing limitations, one clear and satisfactory statement on evangel- no matter how secular they become, while the ism: "The main contribution of the Mission has evangelist whose "authentic spirit of Christ" is been not in devising· new social programs but in stilI tied to the "hampering organizational purforming the men who do the devising. Nothing pose" of establishing a church of confessed Christherefore can displace or minimize the influence tian believers is allowed to go on with his work. of a true and well-qualified evangelism" (p. 64). And it is clearly declared "that the time has come to set the educational and other philanthropic But the Report proceeds to disapprove the em- aspects of mission work free from organized rephasis on "giving messages in words," and on the sponsibility to the work of conscious and direct doctrinal formulation of the message (pp. 64, 65). evangelism" (p. 326). This is the very opposite It continually identifies the spoken message with of the view taken in practically all of our present missions. The Lakeville Conference of the Pres- byterian Board with representatives of all itR

AN APPRAISAL OF THE APPRAISAL

missions and national leaders in June, 1931, unan- the Report named a few of these recommenda- imously declared: tions "which taken apart from its (i. e., the Re- We believe that the Gospel is to be proclaimed and port's) theological basis, it believes to be sound, Jesus Christ to be made known, not by word or deed which represent policies and judgments which the but by word and deed; that preaching Christ and liv- Board believes to be right, and which it has sought ing Christ are not to be dissociated; that truth and and will continue to seek to carry out in the work life go together and that this union is to be effected under its care." Among these were mentioned: not by having some missionaries who only preach and other missionaries who only heal or teach but by hav- (1) The recognition in the Report of the large coning all missionaries communicate the Gospel by both tribution of foreign missions to goodwill and human deed and word. service and human unity.

(2) Its emphasis upon the need of the ablest and There is just warning here against both ex- most devoted men and women as missionaries, ·of the tremes, a merely verbal approach and presenta- intelligent understanding of the conditions of thought and life in each land and of the spirit of genuine tion which reduces the Gospel to dao-li, or mere friendship and community interest. doctrine, as has been done too often on the one hand, or mere physical or social activity, (3) Its discernment of the special importance and deeds divorced from,meaning and inward purpose beneficent influence of the work done by missionary on the other. "The Word made flesh" is the di- women. vine method, neither the Word unincarnated nor the flesh without the Word in it and through it. (4) Its insistence on the principle of self-support and genuine independence in the indigenous churches. The Report shares the view of Mr. Gandhi and (5) Its appeal for a higher type of representatives of American trade who will sympathize and cooperate Mr. C. F. Andrews against the use of philanthrop- with the missionary movement.

ic and educational and social agencies for evangel- (6) Its call for the largest possible measures of co- istic ends. But the problem will not be escaped operation and unity among all the Christian forces by emancipating these agencies from the evan- engaged in the work of foreign missions. gelistic purpose, if, as a matter of fact, they have the effect of interesting men in Christ and draw- (7) Its insistence on the desirability of reality in ing them to Him. At a recent meeting of Jewish the transfer of authority to the indigenous agencies rabbis and Christian leaders, the rabbis made it in plans of devolution. clear that they objected most to anything concealed and surreptitious. It would not to do euphe- (8) Its emphasis on the vast preponderance of rural population and the need of effort directed toward them.

(9) Its call for better religious teaching in all schools.

mize social activities under such phrases as "in (10) Its discernment of the duty of Christian mis- the spirit of Christ," or "in the name of a disciple" sions toward the great masses of men dissatisfied with (p. 214). Either they must be absolutely secu- their old religions. larly philanthropic or else openly and avowedly (11) Its insistence on the best quality of service evangelistic or else, the rabbis held, they are deceitful. It is certain that the non-Christian re- that is possible in every form of work which is done ligions will take the same view, as John Lawrence in the Christian name. and Herbert Edwardes pointed out long ago. And it is beyond doubt as to what the view of our (12) Its constant emphasis on the need of the ap- plication of Christianity to human life and relation- ships, etc., etc.

Christian Churches in America is. They are not It would be a great satisfaction to have space supporting schools and hospitals as philanthro- to go through the seven chapters on the different pies only. They are supporting them because they aspects of mission work and deal with their probelieve that when rightly conducted they make posals one by one. There are few of these that Jesus Christ, the living source of all philanthro- are new. Indeed the Commission stated on N0pies that abide, known not by deed only but also vember 18 and 19 that almost every recommenda- tion was based on some good piece of work which by word. they had seen. Some, it is true, are as idealistic Some Excellent Recommendations· as it would be to advise the consolidation of the It is a relief to turn from these somewhat crit- ten or a dozen theological seminaries in and be- ical comments, which the use of the Commission's tween New York and Boston; or to propose the own standards of objective scrutiny requires, to establishment of a single Board to coordinate and some of the many excellent recommendations of unify the thirty-eight colleges and universities the Report. I have read the Report three times of New England with their vast endowments and and marked scores of paragraphs With which one their immens~ duplication and overlapping; or to is in hearty accord. (The concrete recommenda- employ someone to prepare a completely satisfac- tions of the Report are found on pp. 114, 134, 143, tory and convincing-"the best or none"-apolo- 161 f, 177 ff, 192, 212, 249, 284, 313-321.) The getic for Christianity for use among our Amer- action of the Presbyterian Board with regard to ican students; or to require of the churches on

Fifth Avenue in New York City that they should the native ministry; in advising caution with rereform the city government. But idealistic pro- gard to the plans for a Christian University in posals are good things and it will be good for Japan and a new Christian Medical School of unimissions to be stung by the criticisms of the Re- versity grade in India; in urging the remolding port into asking whether old errors cannot be of school curricula and adapting mission schools, escaped and whether things that have seemed im- and especially theological seminaries, far more efpossible heretofore cannot be accomplished. fectively to actual social and economic conditions and to the direct service of the Church and the Self-support and Consolidation community. I think it is an error to set in opposi- tion here, things that ought to be combined. The We welcome the strong emphasis of the Report Report speaks of the danger "of subordinating on self-support in the native Churches. Its dec- the educational to the religious objective." There larations will help many missions to press this is such a danger. There is also the opposite danwith new earnestness and also to enforce the ger. No more schools should be conducted than right rule recommended and which the Lakeville the number in which both dangers are averted. Conference had already adopted, that men em- And life and words ought not to be set in conployed by Church and mission funds should not trast. Things are too often presented as conflictbe upon the boards which employ them and fix ing which should be combined as complementary. their own salaries. This will militate in some cases against other recommendations of the Re- Better Literature and Medical Work port such as native control of colleges, but it is a right rule. Missionary administrators have The Report is right in its emphasis on the need pressed this matter of self-support upon the of more effective and adequate Christian litera- Churches of India and China for years and have ture. But it is one thing to recognize the existmade themselves very unpopular with the na- ence of this problem and another thing to solve tionals in doing it. Both in China and in India it, or it would have been solved long ago, and it the idea has been maintained of the Church as a may be doubted whether it is to be solved by the "universal fellowship," not wholly unlike the idea assumption of responsibility by the Missions even urged in the Report, into whose treasury the acting through local or national boards with full richer Churches of the West would pay the funds authority committed to them. The matter is not to be drawn by the poorer Churches of the East. primarily one of organization or of finance. It is It will be a help to have the Commission's reen- one of indigenous Christian literary genius. One forcement of the sound policy of the Korean and Kagawa is worth an organization, and his output Karen Missions and of the late Dr. Nevius. There supports and distributes itself. In no count:r:y in are, moreover, valid outreachings of this policy the world can this need be met by ecclesiastical into other aspects of missionary work, which the or administrative machinery. The Churches in Commission has either not discerned or has America learned that lesson long ago. It must passed over. It is applicable also to some of the wait for the right persons and when they arrive very activities which the Report anticipates as a everything else will be easy. This is not to say permanent charge upon the West (p. 28). that a great deal more could not be done by the Christian Literature Societies than, with all their The section on education is right in urging the good work, they have yet done. It can, and they consolidation of schools and the maintenance of ought to be supported with the resources of men schools of a better quality; in supporting the and women and money they need, for the work principle of intension against extension, a prin- the field needs, which mayor may not be identical ciple for which some of us have pled for years always with what it wants. Did Italy express a and in vain, against the pressure of the men and desire for the Epistle to the Romans or Mohamwomen who were doing the actual work; in ad- medans for Pfander's "Balance of Truth" or vising either that grants-in-aid should be given India for Goreh's "Shaddarshana Darpana," or up or that the question should be held an open any of these lands for the Bible itself until it was question; in demanding a far better quality of offered to them? religious and Bible teaching in all schools, though the method proposed for achieving this is not The Commission contained two able doctors, practicable and experiments that have been made one of whom had himself been a medical missionand the better methods under way are not men- ary in China. Both are now deans of large state tioned; in urging the developing· of Christian medical schools in Iowa and Indiana. They testify teachers, although the Report does not tell how that, with all drawbacks, mission hospitals "hold it is to be done and makes no contribution to the a high place usually in the esteem of the people solution of the salary problem in the case of na- whom they serve and in spite of the overshadowtive teachers demanding so much more than the ing excellence of a very few private and governscale of support in the general community or in mental institutions, still represent in general the

AN APPRAISAL OF THE APPRAISAL

best demonstrations of professional skill and hu- one of the greatest life insurance societies 16 per man sympathy for the ailing poor of China" (p. cent, one of the greatest university faculties 10 198). The impressions of the "clinical work of per cent, an important steel industry 30 to 100 American missions" (no suggestion here of limi- per cent, and in the dry goods organizations gen- tation to the seven denominations with members erally 25 to 100 per cent. I submitted the facts on the Inquiry) "in the Orient was in general to one of the best actuaries in the country and he one of disappointment." On the principle of "the replied: best or none," most of it would have to cease. If, A leaving rate of less than 4% per annum is amazhowever, the beneficiaries were asked their view ingly good, standing by itself. When it is remembered and their desires were followed, in most cases that a very large proportion of your staff consists of what is offered would be pled for, as immeas- married ptrsons and that in the case of such you have urably better than what alone they would have two resignations where you would otherwise have only in its place. And as a matter of fact missionary one, it will be seen that the above figure, small as it is, medical work is very seldom duplicative. Native is really inflated. I have no doubt that a study of the cause of resignation would be reassuring. doctors, qualified according to modern standards, I find from the data which you sent me last Decemwill not go into the rural districts or small places, and the Missions in India, for example, must do ber that the average term of service of those who the best they can for the 85% of the population resigned was a little over 10 years for both men and in villages with only 15% of the available medi- women combined. For men alone it was a little over cal service of the land. The Report in this sec- 11 yeals, and for women alone it was a little under ten years. Without having any definite information, I tion sets forth the view that "medicine has a place have an idea that these figures will compare favorably of its own in the Christian program and that its with the average pastorate in this country, without worth and dignity are lowered by making it sub- making any allowance for the difficulty which churche·s serve directly ends of the Mission or Church" (p. sometimes experience in getting rid of the failures 206). that sometimes occur.

The Report proceeds to speak, as the later sec- I am afraid that the member of your board who extion on personnel does, of the "excessive turnover pressed amazement at your turnover is not cognizant of missionary physicians" (pp. 206, 207). This of what is occurring in business offices gtnerally. The and difficulties in recruiting are attributed to the facts are a wonderful tribute to your organization. alleged fact that most young candidates "are more interested in a broad social gospel than in Church It may be added that the turnover is greatest doctrines" (p. 206). This is familiar language among specialists, of whom the Report advises the Boards to appoint a larger number.

throughout the Report, although the "Church Importance of Rural and Industrial Work doctrines" referred to are nowhere mentioned.

Do they include the Deity of Christ, the life eter- The Report is right in its emphasis on the im- nal that is salvation in and through Him, the fact portance of the rural and vill;:tge areas, represent- and meaning of Christ's Death and Resurrec- ing so large a majority of the Oriental popula- tion? The nearest answer to this view is that tions. Christianity at the outset under Paul went many of our Boards have more candidates who straight for the cities and the large majority of believe in these "Church doctrines" than they can missionaries today are in the cities. It is desir- send or could send even before their funds were able that, in spite of the Commission's counsel reduced, and that the turnover is least among of concentration rather than diffusion, they those who believe these doctrines most firmly. should be more scattered. The national Churches Furthermore the representation of the Report think so too, preferring that the foreign mission- with regard to turnover is not well founded. It ary should do the lonely and pioneering work, is stated as a generalization without exception. and leave the cities and the established work to But in the Presbyterian Board the facts regarding nationals, which is right even though it is some- doctors are that this Board has 94 men medical times selfishly urged. In dealing with these as- missionaries, of whom 9 have served more than pects of the Report the Commission seems not to 30 years each; 38, more than 15 years; 50, more have recognized or used adequately the work done than 10. Of the 101 men medical missionaries by Dr. Kenyon L. Butterfield, Dr. Reisner, Mr.

sent out in the last 25 years, 73 are still on the William Wiser and Mr. Goheen of India, who is field. doing precisely what the Commission urges, with- Taking the entire staff of this one Board, out- out, however, abandoning his evangelistic aim, as side of deaths, the annual total losses from resig- the invited adviser of the chief of the native state nation and withdrawal, which are largely for of Ichalkaranji, and that English Socrates, Mr.

health reasons, are less than four per cent of the Brayne, and many others who are not "ama- missionary staff. By way of comparison, one of teurs." The Report has not used the recent Mass the greatest New York banks reports 17 per cent, Movement Survey almost completed. That Sur-

vey will represent, one judges, a far more in- the one place where the Commission allows itself formed and sympathetic view of the Mass Move- to speak with "enthusiasm" (p. 265). Missionment and of the village church. Indeed one can ary women know well the weaknesses and inaderecognize without difficulty some of the influences quacies of their work, but we dare to say, with which shaped the attitude of the Commission to care and deliberation, that it is the best work bethe Mass Movement. In addition to the real ing done in the world today. Even poor Bible gravity of the problems of this Movement on one women deserve something better than the charhand, there is not lacking a trace of hesitancy in acterizations of the Report, and Christianity and the Church in India, on the other, which shrinks Christian missions deserve a far larger measure from the low caste load. of credit than is given, even here, for the change in the life and thought of women in India, China The section on "Missions and Industry" has and Japan. essayed a very difficult task, and if present day progressive economists prove to be unsatisfied Cooperation and Unity with it, it is not to be wondered at. The writers have sought to take a generous and objective The Report is right in its repeated emphasis view, even though thinking, as most laymen natu- on cooperation and unity, though woefully defirally do, within the limits of our economic tradi- cient in its lack of recognition of what has been tion. One heartily welcomes the summons which accomplished and of the human realities of the the chapter (whether too radical or as many problem. It stops short of organized Church think far too tame) gives to Christians, East and unity because of reasons which one cannot but West, to face the new issues without fear, and think are equally valid against centralized adto go forward. There are two comments which ministration. To some of us, they are more valid suggest themselves. against the latter than against the former. But short of both of these, there are great pos- First that we must beware of the danger of sibilities of further and larger cooperation, coeasing our conscience here at home over our utter ordination and consolidation in theological failure to solve these economic and industrial is- schools, in local and provincial and national edusues by charging the foreign missionary and the cational projects, and in much more. There are national Churches abroad with the burden of some in the foreign missions ranks who have them. The report makes this mistake more than been making this appeal for a whole generation, once by demanding of foreign missions what and longer. They are ready for every further none of the institutions or agencies or individuals step that can be taken, and they are ready on of either the Inquiry or the Commission or the principle, not because dearth of funds admon- Church at home has been able to do in America, ishes economy and cooperation. This is no with vastly greater resources and against vastly ground on which to rest the plea for unity, and smaller difficulties. If the Report's recommenda- happily the Report does not rest it here. If we tions are valid for India, why not, as one of our are to unite only because we are too poor to comreligious papers states, for Indiana? And Dr. pete, then we ought not to be trusted with more William P. Merrill of the Commission has de- money, lest we misuse it. We ought to work toclared just this point with most positive em- gether because it is the only right and Christian phasis. The responsibility for all these matters, course. he says, rests in a thousandfold greater measure on the Church at home. Transfer of Authority Second, that this section of the Report is solici- The Report is right in its insistence on reality tous that there should be room in foreign mis- in all plans of devolution (pp. 24, 143, 304-306, sions for the Socialist and the Communist. Why 328). When we transfer authority and funds we not even for the Fundamentalist? (p. 299). Sure- ought to do so honestly, and not give nominally ly the principles of religious liberty urged by the with one hand, what we hold back in fact with Commission ought to cover him too. And, in the other. There have been many true instances passing, one may raise the question of the place of devolution but they have done the least adverof parental duty or of those in loco parentis in tising. Is there not, however, a fundamental dethe matter of required religious teaching. Surely fect here in the proposals of the Commission? the Commission does not mean to question in the They contemplate a permanent, authoritative, name of religious liberty this right and duty (pp. overhead organization at home, to enforce its 140, 155, 163). will by money control. A far tighter financial and statistical control than at present is pro- Women's Interests posed. The missions and national Churches (as indicated on pages 310, 311 and in the Perhaps the most satisfactory single chapter, addresses on November 18 and 19, and in spite though not without qualifications, is the chapter of the disclaimer on page 322) are to be required on "Women's Interests and Activities." This is

AN APPRAISAL OF THE APPRAISAL

to make financial and statistical reports, not as themselves. Will they put it into effect in the en- they determine, but as may be determined for terprises with which they are related? If the them. A meticulous and full accounting system General Electric Company, the Westinghouse is to be imposed such as the author of the paper Company, the Standard Oil Company, the United distributed with the Inquiry's endorsement on States Steel Company, the National City Bank, November 18 denounced as intolerable (pp. 310- the British-American Tobacco Company, and 312). The right policy is trust and freedom and others like them would do what the Commission true devolution, not the consolidation of all mis- recommends a new day for the Church and the sionary control in one great central foundation world would begin.

or administrative trust.

For Better Commercial Representatives The Peril of Divisiveness From among the many more sound and wise This review must be brought to an end alsuggestions, I will select but one, namely, the ap- though a score of additional reflections press on peal for a higher type of representatives of one. Of all these the central and gravest issue American trade, who will sympathize and cooper- must be faced. It is the dreadful peril of diviate with the missionary movement. The Report siveness with which this Report is charged. Into says: many missionary groups that had found without compromise a happy basis of cooperation, the Re- The Commission has observed with deep regret port has already driven a plowshare of division. that there -seems to be a great gulf fixed between most Its very principle of claim for the exclusive domi- European and American business men and the mis- nation of a changed basis and of a single centralsionaries, especially in the largest cities. Whatever ized administration is divisive (pp. 5, 318-324). may be the reasons, this is unfortunate for both. It would be a splendid thing for business men could they It has sown discontent among the denominations come to know better the missionaries and their fami- which were not involved in the Inquiry, but all lies and learn accurately about their problems and of whose work falls under the judgments of the their aims. It would also be a splendid thing for the Report. It has raised grave questions in the case missionaries if they could recruit business men not of the Canadian Churches and in the maintenance only as friends but also as trustees a-ssociated in the of the Committee of Reference and Counsel and control of hospitals and schools. The Commission saw of the Foreign Missions Conference of North many business men of high character in the Orient. America. It would be most helpful not only to the cause of reli- gion but to good relations generally with oriental peo- The Report, itself, moreover holds out the in- ple, if more American business firms would take pains timation that it may be necessary to launch some to send out as their representatives only men of the new agency: "We earnestly hope, however, that highest type. no measures will be adopted so timid and com- This statement is made only incidentally, but promising, so uncertain of meeting obvious needs, in reality there is not one recommendation in the as to necessitate the organization of new chan- Report that would work a vaster change for good nels outside of the established boards" (p. 323).

in the world if it were heeded. The greatest There are already rumors of such an organiza- single hindrance to missions has been the char- tion. What a tragedy it would be if a movement acter of part of the American non-missionary which earnestly and fervently seeks for larger representation on the foreign field. There have unity among the Churches should issue in a new been many noble exceptions, but the rule has been and rival organization either within or outside that too many non-missionary Americans not of the Churches! This would be a far worse de- only have not shared in the effort to make Christ velopment at home than the type of union of the known to the world, but have obstructed it by Churches on the field, which the Commission their example and their hostility. The right way visits with not altogether discerning criticism for a religion to spread is by the spontaneous (pp. 93, 318). If such a new agency is really efforts of its adherents. It was thus that Chris- contemplated, it is safe to predict (1) that it will tianity spread in the beginning, as Harnack has have to depend upon a few large givers who may pointed out, and not by professional missionaries. sympathize with its basis; (2) that it will not The whole missionary enterprise would be trans- command the support and gifts of the general formed in ten years if this recommendation were membership of the evangelical Churches; (3) heeded. And the great merit of this recommenda- that it will soon discover the inefficacy of the mo- tion is that the laymen can put it into effect at tives upon which it plans to rely for missionary once, without waiting for the delay of action on candidates; (4) that it will have a turnover far in the part of missionaries and missionary boards. excess of the turnover of the boards; (5) that it All the other recommendations are addressed to will have the weakness of the inadequate founda- others; this one recommendation is to the laymen tion upon which it would rest; (6) that it will

lack the sacrifice, the economy and the persistence possibility for missionaries grown up in the conditions of the evangelical dynamic. of Western civilization to act as wise advisers in these matters to nations whose history, conditions and men- Let one thing, however, be clear. The Churches tality are so radically different from ours. For, irreand their Boards would go on their way in fidelity spective of this, it may lead to fatal consequences for to the New Testament, the historic tradition of the preaching of the Gospel if it includes definite sothe Christian Church and their Divine Saviour, cial theories and forgets that these must necessarily but they would not say that any work done by vary from country to country and from generation to earnest men for the relief of human suffering and generation. The preaching of the Gospel must always the enlightenment of human minds and the en- center on the New Testament message of salvation for richment of human life was not justified in ap- sinners, and we must trust and believe that this mespealing for support from those who were satisfied sage will, among the various nations on the mission with the grounds of its appeal. fields, prove to be the salt that will gradually tMough the native chttrches purify and raise the social con- The Danger Field of International Relations ditions.

But the most serious divisive danger in the Again agreements were reached and assurances Report is in the field of international relation- were given by the American delegates at Herrn- ships. At the Jerusalem Council the Continental hut which satisfied the Scandinavian and other Churches expressed their fear of what seemed to European members. The Council adopted a state- them to be the domination of American missions ment containing these paragraphs: by a humanistic activism and an intellectual and We have considered afresh what is central in our religious syncretism. They made their own posi- missionary work and where the chief emphasis should tion unmistakably clear and in the end were sat- be laid. We are convinced that our missionary task isfied. Since then, various things have reawak- is to proclaim in word and life God's revelation and re- ened their alarm, one of them being the Survey demption in Jesus Christ.

Report of the foreign work of the Y. M. C. A. If we have anything to bring in the name of God to and the Y. W. C. A., and there was fear that at a world in need, it is certainly not our own piety, our the meeting of the International Missionary own way of life, our own modes of thought or our own human help. What the Church has to give in its world Council in Herrnhut in the summer· of 1932 the mission is the good news of a Divine act in history, European delegates would feel obliged to with- of the Word made flesh. Apart from this there is no draw from the Council. A Memorial was pre- Christian mission. In face of the powerful antisented from the Northern Europe Missionary Christian forces operating in the world today we Council which declared: reaffirm our faith that the revelation of God in Christ Faithful alike to the character of the Northern is the only way of deliverance for mankind, and that Churches in their development up till the present day it alone can provide the foundation for an order of and to the evolution which has taken place in theologi- society that will be according to the will of God.

cal thinking and practical church life on the Continent We need continually to ask ourselves whether every- during the last decade, we feel under obligation to thing contained in the present missionary activity declare that the views on foreign missions prevalent serves the one dominant purpose of making clear the in the Northern Countries are on several points at Message of Jesus Christ in all its fulness.

variance with the tendencies which seem to receive We have no other task; for while there is much that increasing support on the part of the International is useful and good, "one. thing is needful." Yet, while Missionary Council, and which have been especially the task is one, the forms in which it has to be ful- emphasized in the resolutions of the Williamstown filled are many. A living faith must show its effects meeting. and fruits in every department of human life. We Since we are firmly convinced that the preaching of must not shrink from an uncompromising protest the Gospel is the essential task of missions and must against all that is un-Christian in modern thought and always remain so, we cannot help feeling anxious at life.

the growing tendency of making programs for the For the tasks before us we are wholly insufficient. solution of rural, social and industrial problems in the We take again on our lips the ancient prayer of the various mission fields. Naturally we do not object to Church: discussing these important problems from the point of view of missions. But if this is done beyond a certain Come Holy Ghost our souls inspire measure there is a real danger of diverting the mis- And lighten with celestial fire.

sionary zeal from its central objective to ·such social problems as will naturally present themselves when The situation throughout the world which consti- Christianity has had a long period of development in tutes the background of all the deliberations of the a nation, but which in no wise need be put in the fore- Committee is an urgent call to a bolder and more con- ground at the time of laying the foundation of a Chris- vincing presentation of the Christian message. The tian Church in a nation. world is in desperate need of regeneration. Chris- We do not in this connection lay stress upon the tianity calls men to a complete conversion of the mind strong doubts which may be entertained a·s to the and a radically new life. Our evangelistic task is so

AN APPRAISAL OF THE APPRAISAL

to present Christ to men that they will be confronted site error of failing to discern and to declare its with the necessity of a real decision. We desire to definite intellectual content? Are we adequately call the churches and missions to immediate coopera- expressing the Christian Gospel in terms of hution in a more earnest evangelistic endeavor. man service, and ministering to conscious physi- cal and social need? Or are we thinning it out Our aim is the personal conversion of men to a new to be only a message of material interests amid life in Christ, to complete surrender to God, and to the transitoriness of visible things? Are we new relations of love with their fellowmen. From a fully, truly, persuasively making Christ known, true conversion of heart and mind there must follow both His name and His power? a new discernment .f ways of living that are in accordance with the mind of Christ, and a new determi- Fourth, the individual members of the Comnation to wage war on the evils of society and to mission, now dissolved, should review their judgredress the wrongs of the world. ments in the light of a longer perspective and against the ever pressing question: Are our What will the European Churches and their churches, schools and hospitals going to do in our missionary boards have to say now, when they own work here at home the things we have joined read this Report? Let them be assured that the in admonishing the missionaries to do? American Churches hold the same faith with them and let us pray that by the miracle of God Fifth, the laymen of the Inquiry should study the unity of our world-fellowship may not be the Report with thorough-going intellectual apbroken. plication, and determine what measure of re- sponsibility they bear for it and what their view Our Present Duty of Christ is; and the laymen of the country, in whose name a small company of their number Now, lastly, what is our present duty in this have unselfishly and devotedly projected and cargrave matter? ried through this Inquiry, should study this whole matter with penetrating care and ask themselves First, we must all work together in faith and what duty they have to perform which they have trust to get all the good and as little as possible not fulfilled to the missionary cause. of evil out of this situation. We must strive to keep unimpaired all that we have gained in the Lastly, every missionary board should settle cooperation and unity of the Church and the mis- itself anew on the Rock that is Christ, the one sionary enterprise. and only basis and foundation, never to be altered, the true motive and message and aim, Second, all missionaries should study this Re- and standing there, consider this criticism and port and ask themselves whether, apart from its appraisal honestly, fully and fearlessly, with comtheological basis, they cannot go a great deal fur- plete readiness for any and every wise change. ther in achieving some of the ideals which they It should do this, not under any passing, human have long held and which have been given such pressure, but under the unrelenting pressure of strong reenforcement. Let them not, however, its own conscience, and now and always under be alarmed or discouraged or think that any Re- the shadow of Christ's Cross, the unsparing scruport is the final and authoritative word. tiny of the Holy Spirit and the blessed presence of our Living Lord. Third, we should keep open, under constant critical review, such questions as these: Are we giving Christianity a too dominantly intellectual and doctrinal cast; or are we making the oppo- THE BEST INVESTMENT When James M. Thoburn was called to India in the early days, mission service there was very difficult and even dangerous. • When, after nearly half a century qf service, he came to the age of retirement, he said: "When I went to India I never expected to see my mother again. But I not only came back to. see my mother but, through the Providence of God, I have lived to have a home and a mother in every city of any size on the face of the globe, where the friends of the mission field open their homes to me."

Everywhere this servant of Christ found companionship in these faithful friends. I com- mend you that the best investment for life is to invest it in such a good cause. What puts the most joy in life is to expend one's life for Christ and His cause without thought of self. "Ex- cept a grain of wheat fall into the earth and die it abideth alone, but if it die it bringeth forth much fruit." Except our lives are invested in a great cause we will decline to make sacrifices and will live in selfish ease. If we put ourselves into the Cause we will grow and will find the meaning in the words of Jesus, our Lord; "I came that they may have life and that they might have it more abundantly." BISHOP NICHOLSON.

Is Our Commission?

The Primal Truths Contained in the Great Command of Christ J By the REV. HENRY W. FROST, D.D., i Princeton, New Jersey u'"_ f.l+ o, – Director-Emeritus of the China Inland Mission for North America THE natural religions of the world cannot be Christians, who are called to be witnesses, our compared with Christianity. Those religions whole relationship is with Christ. This brings us are the product of human thought, from man to several conclusions in reference to the great to God; Christianity is a divine revelation, from commission.

God to man. They, at best, are seeking after God; The One who commands. The position which Christianity, from first to last, is a finding of Christ occupies as related to His Church is that of God. They are mutually related; Christianity is Saviour and Lord. As Saviour, He is the possessor unique. They are systems; of those whom He has re- Christianity is a Person. deemed; as Lord, He is the di- This last fact is vastly im- The Report of the Appraisal rector of those whom He pos- portant, for we find in it the Commission of the Laymen's sesses. It is, therefore, His in- intimation and explanation of Foreign Mission Inquiry has herent and unlimited right to what our relationship to Chris- raised again the question of ask of His people what He tianity is. If Christianity were the real aim and basis of the pleases, to require what He the result of human thinking, Christian Missionary enter- asks and to command what He then we should have to think prise. Dr. Frost, who has requires. Moreover, He is not the more and at last propound given over forty years to the obligated to consult with those our thought as best we could. work as Home Director of whom He commands or to ex- If Christianity were a system, the China Inland Mission, plain the commandments which then we should be required to states here clearly the New He gives. He may be at any systematize our system the Testament basis on which time, by reason of His person- more perfectly, and then pro- the enterprise rests. ality and redemptive work, an claim and defend it to the ut- autocrat and dogmatist. His most of our ability. But, since words, therefore, are fiats, Christianity is a Person, our problem is simplified, which being uttered, call for immediate, full and for the only requisite is to know the Person, and continued obedience, until they are fulfilled. These then to witness concerning Him. This is what are first principles as related to Christ, in conse- Jesus meant when He said, "Ye shall be wit- quence of His individuality, official position and nesses," not unto human concepts however great atoning sacrifice.

and impressive these may be, but "unto me." Those who are commanded. The Christian lives This thought is fundamental because it is essen- in consequence of a sacrificial act which saved him tial. Expound religion without Christ, though the from death and brought to him the possibility and address may be superbly and passionately given, privilege of living. There is, therefore, not a and Christianity has not been preached. Pro- moment of time when he can consider himself in- pound religion with Christ, however humbly and dependent of that act or under little or no obliga- tranquilly it may be expressed, and Christianity tion to it. On one day or another, in things great has been preached. Christ is the centre, the cir- or small, in all the relationships which common or cumference, the all in all of Christianity; hence, uncommon existence brings to him, he must look He is the One whom we are to present and pro- upon himself as one who is required to learn his claim. The New Testament throbs with this Redeemer's wish and to do His will. To act thus thought, because its very heart is Christ. The is not to his credit, for it is his bounden duty.

Gospel, therefore, is the good-tidings of Jesus Not to act thus indicates that he has little appre- Christ, and it is this because it proclaims One hension of what has been done for him and what who is mighty to save and to keep. Hence, as he owes in return. Hence, if his Saviour-Lord [ 281 commands him to do this or that, be it easy or occupier of a sacred office. If he loses this balhard, he neglects to do it at his loss and refuses ance, he is a man of misapprehension, a waster of to do it at his peril. The soldier under the com- his own time, a spendthrift of other men's money, mand of his general is not so much under duty to an occupier of a position which a better man obey orders as is the Christian to obey his Com- might fill and he is the wearer of a dignified and mander. In the one case, to refuse is disloyalty; honored name of which he is not worthy. Let a in the other, it is treason. In other words, the man be narrow, if he is on1y true. If he can be whole Church is under sacred obligation to fulfil true and at the same time sympathetically and Christ's command to evangelize the world, and altruistically broad, let him be broad, only, let each Christian in his own appointed way is to be him always be true. Truth is the essential which at it and always at it. God requires and which the condition of the world demands. Our Commission, therefore, is this: to The thing which is commanded. Christ has preach the truth, that is, the Gospel. Anything given to His Church many commands. But one else than this, before the commandment of Christ command is primal and preeminent. It is to and the bitter need of the world, is secondary and preach the Gospel to every creature. This man- comparatively inconsequential. date is clear in its intention and expression, so that its meaning cannot be misunderstood. Also, it is It was largely the foregoing conception of things plain, both as to its content and extent. As to content, we are told to preach one thing, not less or which sent of old so many noble men and women more, namely, the Gospel; as to extent, the into the regions beyond. For the love they bore preaching is to be continued until every person has their Master they obeyed His Word, went to lonely heard. places, lived often in sordid surroundings and laid down their lives, slowly or suddenly, in willing Paul's conception of the Gospel was, "Christ sacrifice for the One whom they served and for and him crucified." This great missionary is our exemplar and we are to speak as he spoke. We those who needed the Gospel that they preached. may understand, as was true in the apostle's day, that the preaching of this Gospel will produce re- And they saw signs following their service. sults besides salvation and sanctification, for the Dark faces were brightened; malformed lives Gospel is a civilizer individually and collectively. But secondaries are not primaries; and by-prod- were transformed; and fearful souls were filled ucts are never to be put in the place of central with radiant peace and joy and hope. In other truths. After all, so-called "civilization" is not so important, as present-day developments in words, these men and women who were not "diswestern nations are proving; and, at its best, it obedient unto the heavenly vision" found that the never saves. The Gospel, on the other hand, is simple Gospel of Christ was a panacea, healing necessary and is the power of God unto salvation. the open sores of the world, even beyond anything It is, therefore, to be persistently held and de- which they had imagined. They thus became clared. A witness is a "martyr." And the kind enamored of Christ, discovering that His autocof martyr needed in these tragic days is one who racy was the most wise, loving, gentle and comwill put and hold himself in the place of self-denial passionate experience that this world knows. and then repeat after the great missioner of old, Those, therefore, who have been truest, served "Woe is unto me if I preach not the Gospel"; "I longest and suffered most have been the ones who am determined not to know anything among you wished that they had a thousand lives to give to save Jesus Christ, and Him crucified." their Saviour-Lord. It was so with Brainerd, Carey, Morrison, Judson, Moffat, Duff, Paton, The way the command is to be fulfilled. The Chalmers, Taylor and others. These were great good, a.s w:e.c~ll know, is often the enemy of the men, with large minds and many interests. But best. Social reform is good, but it is not the Gos- also, they were consecrated and concentrated men, pel. Education is good, but it is not the Gospel. who could say, "This one thing I do"; they thus Medical work is good, but it is not the Gospel. focused thefr iives upon the life of Christ and mag- Indeed, these matters, good as they are,. may de- nified His Name above all other names. Hence, in stroy the Gospel; and without the Gospel Christ their places of service, they turned the world upis gone and all is gone. Missionary service, there- side down and innumerable lives were turned fore, is a matter of perspective and proportion, as right side up. It will be so with any man who to what shall be mostly in sight and chiefly empha- will follow in their steps. sized. If a missionary keeps the balance between the primary and the secondary, he has a true con- Let us to our tents, 0 Israel, and our knees. ception of the Great Commission and is a rightful There in the secret place of prayer and dedication let us hear what Christ would say to us. Then, let us rise and go forth, to do God's work, in God's place and in God's way.

ON THE BOSPHORUS-WHERE ELIAS HIGGS LABORED AS A

Elias Riggs – A Pioneer in Turkey Missionary of the American Board, from 1832 to 1901 By the REV. CHARLES TROWBRIDGE RIGGS, D.D., _.ootJif Istanbul, Turkey }i+o.- Missiollary of the Americall Board sillce 1898 T HE year 1932 marked the centennial of the of Hebrew. He was ready for college before he beginning of missionary work by one of the was fifteen, was graduated from Amherst at nine- outstanding representatives of Christ in for- teen and from Andover Theological Seminary at eign lands. As far as the writer knows, no mis- twenty-two. During his college course he acquired sionary has surpassed the record of sixty-eight a very good pronunciation of Greek by the help of years of active service given to the cause by Dr. two young Greeks studying there; and before his Elias Riggs. His graduation from theological graduation from the seminary had published a seminary, ordination, marriage, commissioning as Manual of the Chaldee Language which became a foreign missionary, sailing, and arrival on the the standard for all the theological seminaries of field, all fall within the year 1832, although he did the country for the next half-century. Among not actually reach his particular field until Jan- his classmates at Andover were Messrs. Lyman uary of 1833. He kept actively at work until a and Munson, the martyrs of Sumatra, and Sam- few weeks before he passed to his reward in Jan- uel Francis Smith, author of "My Country, 'tis of uary of 1901, sixty-eight years and three months Thee."

after he was commissioned as a missionary. Elias Riggs was ordained as a missionary evan- Elias Riggs, the son of a Presbyterian clergy- gelist by the Presbytery of Elizabeth, N. J., on man, was born in New Jersey, November 19, 1810, September 20, 1832. Soon after, with his young in the year that the American Board of Commis- bride, he crossed the ocean.in a brig of 180 tons.

sioners for Foreign Missions was organized. At As he took only one furlough in all his long career, an early age he showed the scholarly tendency he crossed the ocean only twice more, both times that was later such a help to him; he learned to by sailing vessel. In 1858 steamers were too ex- read at four, and at nine he had such facility in pensive for missionaries to use. We may add that Latin that he took up the study of Greek, using a although Dr. Riggs never saw his native land after Latin grammar; at thirteen he began the study 1858, and never knew it without slavery, he was [30 ]

ELIAS RIGGS-A PIONEER IN TURKEY

always keenly interested in every new develop- Armenian hymns, a large share of the most pop- ment in America, and was a most loyal citizen. ular today are those which he put into that lan- His breadth of Christian thought was character- guage. Besides this, he was for many years editor istic, and while he was loyal to his denomination, or associate editor of weekly and monthly peri- yet his life work was under another board. He odicals in both Bulgarian and Armenian – papers was loyal to his alma mater, but sent his three that, aside from the Bible, were the sole reading sons to another college. The one loyalty that would matter for thousands of homes. He also took his yield to no other was his loyalty to Christ and full share in the issuing of tracts, school books, His work. devotional and biblical literature, including a His first field of service was Greece, later Asia Bible Dictionary in Bulgarian, and several com- Minor, and then Constantinople; while his efforts mentaries.

for the Bulgarians took him often into Bulgaria. Dr. Riggs also had a free use of French for Twice calls of other fields were put before him. preaching, as well as conversation; he used Ger- Shortly after his arrival in Greece, an invitation man, Italian, Russian and Arabic easily for read- came to go to Persia for work among the Nes- torians; and again, in 1858, when he was on his one furlough in America, and had been teaching Hebrew in Union Theological Seminary (where, among others, the late Dr. Arthur T. Pierson was his pupil), the directors extended an urgent invi- tation to the chair of Hebrew Literature, backed up by an offer to endow the chair if he would ac- cept. In each case, after prayer and thought, the invitation was declined, since he believed that the field of service in Greece and Turkey was a call of God.

It was a noble group of missionary giants with whom Dr. Riggs was associated through his long life, especially at Constantinople. It would be diffi- cult to match the galaxy of Goodell, Dwight, Schauffler, Wood, Hamlin, Temple, and later H. O.

Dwight, Herrick, Greene and Peet. Among these were several with more spectacular careers than that of Elias Riggs; but in his own special line of literary effort, no one came near his record. He was also a fine teacher, whether in a girls' school THE BIBLE IN ARMENINN, TURKISH, GREEK AND or in a theological seminary; he was a most ac- BlTLGARIAN TRANSLATIONS, MADE BY DR. ceptable and helpful preacher in half a dozen dif- RIGGS AND HIS COLADORERS ferent languages; he served a term as treasurer ing and somewhat in speaking. He had a scholarly of the mission very competently. But his great use of Syriac, Coptic and Ethiopian as well as work was literary. To few men is it granted to Latin, Hebrew and Aramaic, as far as Oriental translate the entire Bible into three separate lan- studies and the purposes of translation were con- guages, each with its own distinct alphabet, be- cerned. He took great interest in delving into the sides assisting in a fourth. Practically the entire grammar and construction of many other tongues.

responsibility for the Armenian and Bulgarian His commonplace book contains copies which he versions was his; and he was a member of the made, with comments, of the Russian, Georgian, translation committee for Turkish, while he as- Chinese, and Sabean characters, showing the sisted in the translation of Prof. Bambas into breadth of his interests. But his scholarship was Greek, particularly of portions like Daniel and deep as well as broad. He was never satisfied with Ezra, translating from the Chaldee or Aramaic. surface work.

His knowledge of all these tongues was so idio- One secret of Dr. Riggs' remarkable ability to matic that he was able to put the sacred Word into help others was his humble and teachable spirit.

a form acceptable to the people. He was always eager to learn, no matter from how Next to Bible translation, his most valued and humble a source. Hearing that there were said permanent contribution was to the hymnology of to be valuable ancient Greek manuscripts in the these Near Eastern peoples. Over three hundred library of the Mosque of St. Sophia, he did not of the hymns in the Bulgarian book are his work; rest until by personal investigation he had ascer- while each edition of the Greek hymn book has tained that this was not true. At another time, he been dedicated to his memory; and among the questioned a young graduate of one of the Amer-

ican universities as to whether he had found any very young; and this gave Dr. Riggs a special insatisfactory explanation of the precession of the terest in the blind. It was through his personal equinoxes, saying that he had read many articles care and ingenuity that a system of characters about that phenomenon, but without finding an was brought out for the blind in Armenian, based explanation that satisfied him. The young grad- on the Moon system. Portions of the Bible printed uate was forced to confess that, with all his astro- in this way were a great boon to many blind pernomical training, he knew less about it than the sons throughout Turkey. missionary of sixty years standing! Dr. Riggs was never quite satisfied with what he had done, There was one handicap under which Dr. Riggs but was constantly revising, correcting, and bring- constantly worked, which is not usually expected ing up to date his books and other work. Neither in the case of one who lives as long. He never his universality of interests nor his profound was of robust health. Shortly after moving to Smyrna from Greece, in 1839 he was brought so ELIAS RIGGS (left), WILLIAM GOODELL AND WM. G. SCHAUFFLER, TRANSLATORS AT WORK IN CONSTANTINOl'LE scholarship along so many lines, led him to speak low by malarial fever that the family physician as an expert; he was never assertive, but modest did not think he would live two years, but a trip and retiring. Moreover, he was always willing to to Syria and Palestine set him up again. In 1856, give up one line of work when need was shown in 1862, twice in 1864, and again in 1872, he was for his aid along a different line. So he turned compelled to leave his beloved work in an effort from educational work to literary, and from that to recover his health. During all the years from to the work of a treasurer, just as he was willing the time of his golden wedding and the fiftieth anto leave Greece and begin again in Smyrna, or niversary of his entry on missionary life until his again in Constantinople; or to take up one new end, his associates were accustomed to look at the language after another, thinking nothing of the thin form of the white-haired old man as a frail labor and drudgery involved. thing which any wintry blast might destroy. Yet constant care, regular and abstemious living, and Three of his children and eleven of his grand- a sublime faith and trust in the heavenly Father, children followed him into the foreign field. His kept him at work till his ninety-first year. youngest son was stricken with blindness while

Berry Schools of

The Romance of a Sunday School that Became Famous By TRACY BYERS, Mount Berry, Georgia _,o~1 Author of the biography of "Martha Berry, the Sunday Lady of Possum Trot"; published by G. P. Putnam's Sons, I New York, $3.50 Miss Berry's Sunday school grew rapidly until it had passed all bounds. Children brought their ONE Sunday afternoon about thirty years ago parents and came flocking from miles around. On Martha Berry was sitting in a log cabin Sunday the grounds around the stately pillared playing on a little old-fashioned organ. Berry mansion became a shambles of ox carts, The cabin had been built as a playhouse for the mule wagons, horses and buggies. Her sisters Berry children and to it were attracted the chil- ana brothers looked on amused at first, then prodren of poor families living in the hills back of her tested wearily': father's plantation. One boy who came roaming through the woods, peered in at the cabin window "But, Martha, you can't educate all the hilland watched Miss Berry as if fascinated. Calling billies of the Blue Ridge Mountains. Even the him in, with three other children of the neighbor- state has not undertaken the job. You'll lose all hood, she told them Bible stories. They were so your beaux and never get married if you keep fascinated and astonished by these old stories that filling your buggy with dirty little brats off the she asked, "Haven't you ever read a Bible or heard mountains. Every time we go down the streets it read before?" with you all the worst-looking characters in town yell, 'How-dy, Miss Marthy.' Forget your Sun- "No'm. Pappy, he's goter Bible," said one, day school for a day and come on the picnic this "bu't he cain't read hit and we didn't know it had afternoon." stories in hit." But Martha did not go. Instead, she kept at "Will you come back next Sunday?" she asked work and opened new Sunday schools in four suras they left. "I'll tell you soma more Bible stories." rounding communities.

"Yes'm, weuns'll come back and bring some Driving around the country on Sundays, she more chillun, too." visited the Possum Trot and Mount Alto churches. Far down the Coosa River at Foster's Bend she The next Sunday afternoon the first four chil- opened another Sunday school, and in the meandren brought half a dozen more. They appeared time kept up the services in the log cabin on her in ragged and dirty clothes so that Miss Berry ran father's plantation. Soon she decided that Sunto the house to get soap and towels, which she in- days were not enough to teach the poor boys and vited the children to use. They washed in a large girls who came to her meetings. She opened a rain barrel standing beneath the eaves of the day school for them across the Summerville Pike cabin. Then with faces shining and eyes spar- on land given to her by her father, Captain kling, they gathered around their new-found Thomas Berry. friend and teacher. Once more her family protested, but the young Martha Berry told them of the beginning, of woman continued on her course, determined to do Adam and Eve, of Noah and the Ark; of Moses her bit to lift the pall of ignorance from the southand the Ten Commandments. They listened in ern highlands. rapt astonishment. Shadows were lengthening over the hil1,B and the sun near setting in the haze This was not an easy task-and it was not one over Laven'dar mountain, when the children re- for which she had been trained by the typical luctantly left for their shabby homes. schooling of a wealthy girl of the South of thirty years ago. She had been taught by a private gov- The next Sunday Miss Berry brought out an old erness at home until she was sent away for a year microscope which she had used in school. After in a fashionable "finishing school" in Baltimore. the children had washed she showed them the germs left in the water. As they looked through Somewhere out of this she developed strength the microscope, fascinated by the sight of the of character and wholesome trust. As a result the wriggling creatures, they said: "Heh! We'll sure-enough drown the bugs on us arter this !"

[33 ]

Sunday school grew into a boarding school for There has never been a letting down from that, boys. despite the difficulties.

"We just had to do something," she says, as she "After the boy's boarding school had been go- . smiles today at early memories. "There were ing on for ten years it became necessary to open times when all the children had nothing to eat in a girls' school-to train girls for better homes, to the School but corn bread and grits. Our old col- make them a match for the boys. The trustees ored mammy had taught me how to make delicious told me that we had extended ourselves as much biscuits and many nights when all our spirits were as was possible right then. Without telling them, I sent a group of boys a mile away to the farthest corner of the school's property, where they erected two log cabins. Here we put the first girls' school teacher and twelve girls.

"A year later, when the girls had beautified their cabins and had accomplished much work, I dared at last to show the trustees what I had done. Today the girls' school is as important and cer- tainly as lovely and practical a part of the indus- trial system as any other."

Later the grounds of the Schools were extended to include the Foundation School for Boys. By gifts of land the campus has grown until now it reaches more than ten miles from end to end and varies from two to five miles in width.

Great physical changes have come about at the Berry Schools during the thirty years that have passed since Martha Berry began to teach Bible stories in her log cabin.

Naturally far more important changes have been made in the lives of the ten thousand stu- dents who have attended Berry Schools. During these thirty years never a meal has been eaten without a prayer being asked and thanks returned to the Lord.

An endless stream of America's purest-blooded Anglo-Saxon boys and girls, the mountain whites, have attended these Schools.

MARTHA BERRY-TODAY Strangely enough, in this day of material things, the 'only requirement for admission is that low, I slipped into the kitchen of the first old dor- the prospective student be poor and unable to go mitory; made biscuits, 'borrowed' some jam from to school elsewhere. If he has no money he may home and we all feasted together." work for his clothes, his room and board and tui- tion. Between 600 and 700 yearly take advantage Early students, recalling those days, testify that of this opportunity and from 200 to 300 others when "Miss Martha" took charge of the kitchen pay the nominal charge of $150 a year. Altothe best food was forthcoming. gether there are about 1,000 students enrolled.

"Nowadays it has become stylish to be poor," The Schools are unlike any others in the world. says Miss Berry. "People talk of how much they On six mornings a week classes begin at seven can do without. For thirty years we have been o'clock, following breakfast at 6: 15. The classes that poor at the Berry Schools, doing without continue until five o'clock in the afternoon with many things that I always had thought were neces- some vacant periods during the day. Chapel servsities when I wa's a girl. ices are held at 11: 45 every day and attendance is compulsory. "The little motto on my desk, Prayer Changes Things, was put there by students long ago. I The students do all the work of the Schools, for walked out on a little plank of faith in God and there is not one hired man or woman on the 25,000 we built the Schools as best we could. By prayer acres. One third of the students are always enand work all things have been made possible. gaged in these tasks while the other two thirds From the early log cabins we walked along gravel are in classes. 'One third of the student body paths that somehow seemed hallowed by the work. works Monday and Tuesday; another third on

THE BERRY SCHOOLS OF GEORGIA

Wednesday and Thursday and the last third on One graduate of the Schoob has started a sim- Friday and Saturday. ilar institution in North Carolina and has a school The boys and girls clean the buildings, cook the with nearly 350 students. Another school, similar meals and serve them; bake the bread; milk the to Berry, is operated in northern Florida by two dairy herd of more than a hundred blooded J er- Berry graduates. Throughout the South are other seys; make the furniture and erect the buildings; schools patterned upon the Berry system of diver- bake the bricks in the brick plant owned by the sified industrial and vocational education.

Schools; cultivate the fields and care for orchards; It is encouraging to note that of the 10,000 tend the sheep and chickens. All in all they lead former students more than 3,000 are now teachers an extremely busy and useful life. and community leaders. Hundreds are farm ,:l'here is no time for football at Berry and no demonstrators and county teachers of home eco- interscholastic athletic life; but many games and nomics. Many become Christian ministers and sports are played between the different classes and doctors.. Many return to the farms, where they divisions of the Schools. improve the condition of the soil and the animals 'Boys and girls who have never had an oppor- tui:lity for an education plead to enter these Schools, so that, at the age of twenty, many young me.ll and young women are found here beginning t? learn their ABC's.

' Reclaiming human waste, making useful citi- zens from boys and girls that would otherwise have no chance in life, has been the aim of Martha Berry. There seems to be an endless influx of such boys and girls from these southern states, the most backward section educationally in Amer- ica. The mountain people of Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi, Tennessee and the Carolinas, from- whom most of the Berry boys and girls come, lead America in illiteracy and misery.

J One student enrolled recently from the hills of Tennessee who is a direct descendant of Daniel Boone; another is a great-grandniece of General Robert E. Lee. Some of the boys and girls trace their descent directly to the pure-blooded French Huguenots, who fled to South Carolina when THE MARTHA BERRY SCHOOL AT POSSUM TROT driven from their own land by persecution. on the land. This has been one of Miss Berry's The Anglo-Saxons of these mountains speak a great aims. dialect that is the lovely old-country English of With good sense and an unfaltering sense of two hundred years ago. Somehow these people humor, Martha Berry guides and advises these were left behind as modern civilization swept youngsters; encouraging them to grow into ideal across America. Today they are appealing for Christian citizens, into men and women who will an opportu~ity to step into something better than feel that character is the greatest need of life, and the one-room and lean-to cabin homes that cover 'commercial success of secondary importance. the hills of the s~uthland. Maw of the girl graduates become nurses. , These boys aDd girls, when educated, quickly Sever;il are now superintendents of nursing prove their worth. Today the professor of agron- homes. One of these girls nursed Miss Berry duromi at the Georgia State Unjversity is a Berry ing a severe illness, helping in real fashion to graduate. More than twenty years ago he came "pull through'; the founder of the Schools.

to the Schools driving a span of oxen, which .he The graduatef?,. have scattered into every state exchanged for his "larnin'." He is also secretary of America and into many foreign lands. One of the alumni association of the State TJi!Tiversity. former student, who now is a missionary in Brazil, Another boy who worked his way through the recently gave the address in chapel. One came Schools, and has since helped to educate his back from several years of teaching in a mission younger brothers, is today a vice-president of the school in India. Another is working in a school Chase National Bank in New York City. The in Persia. president of the Rotary Club of Asheville, North A girl, who was graduated about eight years Carolina last year and a trust officer in a large ago, has given addresses on temperance to the bank there, is a Berry graduate who is helping student bodies of almost every college east of the educate his younger brothers. Mississippi River.

STliDENTS AT THE MARTHA BERRY SCHOOLS. AND ONE OF THF] DORMITORTFJS The young men and women prove their intelli- picture which Miss Berry made during the years gence on every side. Psychological tests and mind as she walked about, saying in her charming measurement tests reveal great native intelligence southern accent, "Cut down that hill….. Fill which only needs training to develop them into that hollow ….. Move that tree nearer the road." useful citizens. She says with a smile, "It isn't much fun to stay A feature of the School life which for years in one place forever! I suspect even the trees like puzzled the South is the religious training and to move about a bit. Any way they grow better." compulsory chapel. The School is non-sectarian, with its chaplains recruited variously from Meth- "God has blessed us with friends," Miss Berry odist, Presbyterian, Baptist, Episcopalian, Con- says quietly, "without the help and prayers of gregational and other churches. In early days the our friends throughout the years, I should long mountaineers suspected that they would be evan- since have given up. To our beloved friends we gelized into some strange belief. The Hardshell are the most grateful for reclaiming the 10,000 Baptist ministers wrote letters to Miss Berry in~ lives to usefulness for our country and our God." quiring her "persuasion" and the strength of her shell. But Christianity is placed above sectarian ONE RACE-ONE SAVIOUR creeds. By FRANCIS SHUNK DOWNS, D.D. Through it all Miss Berry has fought and smiled. Buildings have burned down, but classes A Japanese evangelist said to a group of his counand meals have continued as before. Tornadoes trymen: have swept the campus, but no one was daunted. Teachers have attempted insurrections, but have "When I attended a surgical clinic, and saw the forfailed of their purpose. A railroad attempted to eign teacher preparing to remove a cataract from the bisect the campus with a spur line, but Miss Berry eye of an old woman, I wondered to myself: 'Suppose finally halted work by telling the foremen she that we Christians are mistaken, and that instead of would have the boys-tear up the rails every night one God there are many, and that the one that made if they went any further onto the grounds. She the American did not consult with the one that made hurried to the president of the road and persuaded the Japanese, and as a result there is a difference in him to run the track in a different section. the anatomy of the eye, and so this operation proves a failure.''' Visitors who see the miles of campus, the graceful lawns and beautiful trees, seldom vision the But the one God has "made Qf one blood all nations of men for to dwell on all the face of the earth."

Sin has infected the spiritual life of all races and nations and Christ is the only power that can cleanse this human race.

to Convert the

The Message from the Foreign Field to the Home Church By the REV. W. WILSON CASH, London, England General Secretary of the Church Missionary Society FIFTEEN centuries ago there came to the pret to the people of Great Britain the message Church one of the decisive hours in the ex- of Jesus Christ and His redemptive love and pansion of Christianity. In A. D. 432 St. power, in terms of what has been taking place Patrick landed in Ireland and the fruits of his on the mission field. We have sought to give the evangelization may be traced not qnly in the evangelistic message of our churches, explain- Western Island but also throughout the sixth and ing what God is doing in other lands. What He seventh centuries as the Gos- has don e in China, India, pel Message flowed back to aWryhawt iosrwk?ronWg hwaitthismiwssrioonng- Africa, and elsewhere He can England through Iona and with the Church at home? do for congregations to whom Lindisfarne and across the we preach at home. This has continent of Europe. The prin- Can we expect unconverted caused a heart-searching for ciple of the New Testament Christians to evangelize the some of us. We have realized surely is that what is given world? Feeling convinced that if we go out and explain in missionary service overseas that, if the Kingdom of God how Christ has transformed flows back again in increasing is to continue to spread, the the life of pagan Africans and blessing to the home Church, aCrhoruissetida,ntsheaCt hhuormceh Mmiussstiobne- Hindus and has given those and every age of the Church ary Society of England has people victory over sin, then we has proved it. brought home a missionary must face the same need and In this twentieth century we from Persia to conduct evan- possibility in our own lives. To are not simply in a world crisis gelistic missions in Anglican be honest in our evangelism we which affects foreign missions. churches. Would not this be must rediscover Christ as su- We are emerging into a new a good plan for some of our premely adequate for ourselves.

era when things will not be American churches? As i a We will not attempt here to ex- the same as before. The moral may evyaent gbeleizecaAllemderuicpao!n to plain this personal aspect of crisis of the western world is the campaign. Suffice it to say not whether missionary work that we have sought to sur- be maintained in the future at the same financial render our lives anew and wholly to God so that level and efficiency as before but whether the nothing in us would hinder His purpose either Church of God can stem the tide and in doing so for the work we represent or for the world. As can meet the crisis with a positive message of we have studied the situation we have become Christ for a broken and a disillusioned world. more and more convinced that the mission field Can Christianity survive the impact of secular- holds the evidence of the truth of Christ and the ism? This question is fundamental to the mission- Way of Life for which the Western world is ary situation, for a collapse of vital Christianity waiting. In England the question is constantly in the West would react at once throughout the being asked whether there is anything definite to world. show that Christ can me.et human needs. Be- It is because of the serious challenge thrown hind such a question there is a hunger for real- down to the Church by the materialism of the day ization of a God who can be discoverable in the that some of us are conviflced that only in a re- ordinary life of this modern age.

discovery of the Gospel as the power of God for How can we bring this evidence to the atten- this present age can we help the missionary cause. tion of the home Church?

In other words, we cannot advance in the mission The ordinary methods of missionary promo- field without a new spiritual revival in the home tion are inadequate. Study circles, missionary Church. We have therefore been seeking to inter- addresses, exhibitions and the many other forms [37 ]

of activity <ire not: converting people to God, and thank God that blessing is ilowing back to the unless we were winning people to God we were home Church from the mission fields but let us failing. It is one thing to convert people to for- make no mistake about the issue involved in it all. eign missions and, by a broad policy of social :>ervice, to secure from them a donation. It is a We have today largely an unconverted church very different proposition to make the mission- membership. We must either win Church and ary appeal so vital and personal as to challenge nation for God or we cannot carryon the misthe man in the pew to consider seriously the sionary work entrusted to us. In many ways claims of Jesus Christ for himself and to win him the spiritual level of the home Church determines to a full surrender to Christ as his personal the progress of the Kingdom of God overseas. Saviour and Lord. . Our policy in the campaign upon which we have embarked is definitely evan- Weare at the parting of the ways. It is time gelistic with the objective of changing lives to close our ranks, heal our divisions and with a through the power of Christ. united front go forward cooperatively with all who love our Lord in sincerity in a new effort to Some have said that it is not the work of a win the world for Jesus Christ. missionary society to do home evangelism. The days are too critical for us to consider whether In recent years evangelism has often been in this or that task is specifically ours as a mission- the background in missionary policy and we have ary board. We are convinced that every ounce given our congregations the pap they wanted in of spiritual energy in the Church should be mobi- a nebulous kind of religion based upon what we lized to this one end-the conversion of the peo- thought leading laymen would approve. Now we ple of our nation to God. As Christian workers are called to bring home to ourselves and to our we feel we have a distinctive contribution to laity the one great missionary objective given to make. It may. not be peculiarly our missionary us by Jesus Christ-to preach the Gospel by life task, but having seen God at work in other lands, and word in all the world, at home and abroad. we believe that He would have us summon the home Church to take up unitedly this great work. The young churches overseas are alive to the Our effort therefore is only a small contribution menace of this hour. With reduced grants from to the larger task of the whole Church. the sending churches and with fewer mission- aries they are themselves embarking upon ag- Last year Bishop J. H. Linton of Persia was gressive evangelism. The Kingdom of God Moveasked to come to England for a year to lead the ment in Japan and the Five-Year Movement in campaign which the Church Missionary Society China are two instances of this. planned to initiate. He began the work last autumn and has already held a number of evan- Many other efforts are being made by the gelistic missions so it is possible to gauge to some churches themselves to advance through personal extent the result of the campaign. evangelism. If these daughter churches of ours are feeling that the need today is a militant evan- The Bishop's messages have been simple evan- gelism, how much more should we at home stress gelical talks based upon his personal experience it also? The lesson for us to learn from the misof Jesus Christ. He has never been ashamed to sion field in this world crisis is undoubtedly a tell his audiences about his own life and how ringing call to join with them in a world-wide Christ has met his needs. Most of his missions evangelistic effort. Revival in many places has have been called "A Week of Witness." already begun. I believe it has begun in Eng- land. Are we going to stifle this movement of Anglican churches like to have things done the Spirit or will we clear the channels so that decently and in order, and yet as the tide has revival may be world-wide? risen we have seen young men and women mounting the pulpits of large Anglican churches and THE NEED OF TODAY witnessing to the saving power of Jesus Christ. We sorely need to recover a radiant passion for In one industrial center the Bishop of the the redemption of the lost. Sylvester Horne rediocese sat humbly in a pew and listened to the minds us that "A new note is required in much of messages thus given. Hundreds of men and our preaching if men and women are to be won to women, mainly young people, have found new Christ. Scholarly accuracy, literary finish and life in Christ and every series of mission meet- charm of style we will not despise, but these alone ings reveals a tremendous hunger for God. Thus cannot probe the sore of sin or lead men out of far those who have been won have been mainly bondage into spiritual liberty. The antagonism church people and in this the way is being pre- some would raise between evangelism and relipared for a much wider evangelism later on. If gious education is absurd. We must put more educhurch people show that they have a faith worth cation into our evangelism and more passionate passing on, the Church will soon discover that it evangelism into our education." is a faith worth exporting to other lands. We BISHOP ARTHUR J. MOORE.

A Woman's Criticism of the Laymen's

Report By Mrs. HENRY W. PEABODY, I Orlando, Florida I r~~'- ~~==========================~ T HE report of the Appraisers of Foreign best that modern liberals can present as a mo- Missions sent out by a committee of laymen tive. is perhaps the worst attack and the most We, therefore, must take exception to the dangerous ever made on this great enterprise. qualifications of men, with such standards and In the guise of friends backgrounds, to survey the fifteen appraisers and appraise the divinely have prepared and sent For a full half century foreign missionary inspired work of foreign through the secular press work has been the major interest of Mrs. Lucy missions. The charter for Waterbury Peabody. As a young woman she their statements, claim- spent nearly six years in Madras, studying the this work was given by ing the backing of seven the Risen Lord, who comgreat evangelical denomi- Telugu language, working in village schools for manded His followers to nations. low caste people; training Bible women and do- go into all the world and Glancing through the ing zenana work with high caste women, Hindu and Moslem. In 1887, she returned to America, preach the Gospel, baplist of Appraisers, we tI"ZIng I. n H' find lacking the names of and was for eighteen years Home Secretary of name and men and women who the Woman's Baptist Foreign Mission Society. IS Later she was Foreign Vice-President of the have been in close touch teaching what He taught. with the foreign mission Woman's Foreign Mission Board. Some of the men and Mrs. Peabody was for ten years editor of the women who meet the ap- woman's magazine and the children's paper of proval of the s e Ap- the Baptist Board; in 1900 she became a mem- ber of the United Study on Foreign Missions, work and workers on the and under her chairmanship four million mis- praisers h a v e reversed sion study books were printed and distributed fields of Asia. In this for women and children of all denominations. the order of Christ. Acgroup of eminent men we cording to the divine pro- She has been for thirty years a leader in the find the chairman, a Pro- formation of summer schools of missions, was gram, the Kingdom of fessor of Philosophy in chairman of the interdenominational Woman's God and His righteous- Har.vard University, the ness is followed by other Foreign Mission Jubilee in 1911-12; was invice-chairman a vic e- temporal and physical strumcntal in organizing the Federation of For- eign Mission Boards. She made an extensive visit to foreign mission fields with Helen Bar- president of the Univer- rett Montgomery in 1913-14, and was founder "things." These might sity of Chicago, the presi- and editor of Everyland, the children's world include education, medical friendship and foreign mission magazine.

dent of Brown University, Mrs. Peabody is a well-known writer and W 0 r k, social, economic formerly a Baptist insti- and physical aids. Such speaker and was chairman of the Building Fund tution but now separated Committee for seven Christian colleges for benefits are effects, not from religious affiliation. women in Japan, China, India, raising $2,000,_ causes. Here lies the Another represents the 000 to secure $1,000,000 from the Laura Spel- great difference between man Rockefeller Foundation. At present she is a member of the Board of Woman's Christian Friends College of Haver- Medical Collelol"e of Shanghai, and of the Madras this body of Appraisers ford. These institutions, Christian College for Women. Vellore Mission- and the truly great body presumably the model for ary Medical School and St. Christopher College of evangelical mission- for Teachers.

the new work in foreign What Mrs. Peabody writes in regard to the aries who are out on the mission fields, seem not layman's appraisal of foreign missions is worthy foreign fields, represent- of careful attention. .

to have made any vital re- ing millions of men and ligious impression on women of our American their own communities. Unfortunately, Chicago, churches, who stilI stand by the divine origin of New York, Boston, Providence and Philadelphia this movement as set forth by the Risen Christ.

do not show many marks of religious progress, Every missionary would probably agree that but rather we should say they show the influ- it should be the aim of those. who proclaim the ence of extreme humanitarianism, which is the Gospel of Christ to improve conditions of family [39 ]

life, especially where polygamy maintains, to is there offered for women of that faith as bring about better living for all, and tender care taught by Buddhist priests? Kagawa of Japan for those who suffer. But evangelical churches knows that there is no hope in the Shinto faith. and missionaries cannot accept the Appraisers' He preaches Jesus Christ and Him crucified and report as a basis for the change. These men and makes no compromise with idolatry. women have had opportunity for only a superficial and cursory glimpse of the work, and evi- Education and Healing Without God? dently have been greatly influenced by prejudice and hearsay and the wisdom of men who stand The Appraisal Commission makes another rectheologically where most of the missionaries on ommendation regarding missionary educational the field do not stand. institutions. It recommends that evangelistic work be discontinued in missionary institutions We can touch briefly on only a few points founded and financed through the prayers and where there are notable differences in conclu- gifts of Christians who supposed they were buildsions based on the difference in belief, precedent, ing schools and colleges where Christian teaching and preparation. and training would be predominant. Whatever has been done-and the Appraisers graciously No Compromise With Non-Christian Faiths admit that something has been accomplished by our backward methods-has been done directly Having lived with the women of India for through religious work. Recently some mission nearly six years, and having made a life-study of boards have been willing to yield, as in China, the conditions which have not changed material:" agreeing to registration under a secular governly in the mass, we cannot accept the recommenda- ment which demanded a cessation of religious tion that as Christians we should compromise teaching in schools and colleges. with the non-Christian faiths of India. Even Gandhi, the highest exponent of Hindu idealism, Surely we have not yet accepted the atheistic had done nothing to remedy the terrible physical, viewpoint of the Russians. Either the mission moral and mental conditions of women which are boards should continue, as under honor bound, due directly to the religious life and beliefs of religious education as an integral part of the cur- Hinduism. If the Appraisal Commission will riculum in every mission school, or they should read "Mother India," by Katherine Mayo, and its close these schools. Christian schools are not later confirmation by Indian authorities, they supposed to maintain purely secular education in will be more accurately informed concerning the East, nor would the denominations reprepresent-day conditions in India. Long ago Max sented on the Laymen's Committee lead us to feel Muller said: "The Hindu religion is perhaps the that such unreligious, irreligious, agnostic or only religion that is worse than no religion." atheistic leadership would be of sufficient value to the Orient to enlist our gifts and the lives of The story of Amy Carmichael's redemptive our young men and women. Christian schools, work with the little girls devoted to the vile serv- supported by Christian churches, should be alice of the priests of the temples of India shows lowed to teach the Bible as the inspired Word of clearly the utter impossibility of any sympa- God, the basis of our Christian faith. It should thetic alliance with this religion so-called. From be taught by men and women who believe that Hebrew history, as told in the Old Testament, we this, the only historic record of the Lord Jesus learn the results of the attitude of Israel toward Christ, holds the major place in any education the prophets of Baal, with their pernicious, im- supported by the Church of Christ. Rather than moral, idolatrous worship. The prophets of divorce educational work from evangelical Chris- Israel, thank God, stood against these priests of tian teaching, it would be infinitely better to close Baal whose extermination was apparently ap- the doors of these institutions and allow the proved by the Lord God, Ruler of Nations. Oriental leaders to '!Conduct education in their own way, at their own expense. Having been in- In China, where moral conditions are in many strumental in the building of seven Christian colrespects better than in the greater part of India, leges for women in India, China and Japan, and we still have a very dark picture in the present knowing the nature of the appeal which brought books by Pearl Buck, who knows China. No mis- the great response from the Christian women of sionary of Christ will favor an intimate and America, we believe that it would be dishonest friendly cooperation even with 'a religion like dealing and a misappropriation of funds to dis- Confucianism or Buddhism in China. continue Christian teaching and training in those colleges. Some colleges in America have been se- We cannot compromise Christianity with these verely criticized for a similar misuse of legacies human faiths which reach their lowest depths in and endowments. the lives of the people. The religion of Christ is the only religion that can save the souls and Medical missions should be conducted on the bodies and minds of men and women. Buddhism is an improvement on Hinduism-but what hope

A WOMAN'S CRITICISM OF THE LAYMEN'S REPORT

same principles. We do not appeal to Christian entals. The Orientals who urge this are often churches for funds to carryon a purely scientific least fitted to take places of leadership. Humilor humanistic effort through hospitals and medi- ity, gratitude and ability to work with others or cal schools in the Orient. We are there, not mere- under direction must be characteristics of men ly to introduce a new science of medicine, but to and women who are safe to be left in charge of show the love and pity and power of the Great the great work in foreign fields. The mission- Physician. If we depart from the divine Char- aries now carrying on the work are as a rule ter, and cease to make Christ known through better able to discern ability in leadership, wisevery missionary doctor, nurse and teacher, then dom, judgment, spiritual religious power than we are unfaithful to our Commission and may are travelers from the West who spend a few as well give the field over to humanistic efforts months covering India, China and Japan with of modernistic groups. If their program is their total population of three-fourths of a biladopted the funds already invested should be re- lion people. The records of missionaries, spirturned to mission boards that will continue their itual and eternal, are known only in Heaven. work of evangelism through other channels. Why Help the Younger Churches? Christ's Representatives at the Front The Appraisers assert that the great body of The criticism in the Appraisal report that native preachers and Bible women are lacking in seems most unjust and unfair is that which ability and should not receive "subsidies" from stamps 95% of the missionaries, who are giving the home church. This is not a New Testament their lives for Christ in these foreign lands, as term. The churches of Jerusalem, Antioch and unworthy representatives of the American Macedonia felt a close bond, a brotherhood, with churches. Fifty years of intimate acquaintance the needy Christians who received the Word of with thousands of missionaries, and constant God through His missionaries, apostles, ambasstudy of their fields and attainments, may per- sadors. These needy Christians were helpedhaps fit me to make an appraisal of their char- not "subsidized." It would be impossible for acter and work. Not every missionary meets the missionaries to do effective work among the great highest requirements, and not every minister in masses of foreign peoples without the assistance America meets the high standards of God and of trained, loyal, humble representatives of His service. My appraisal of foreign mission- Christ, in the lands to which the Gospel is cararies is that 95% of them are worthy representa- ried. These helpers are willing to work for the tives of the Church of Christ, while perhaps 5% barest living; a few dollars a month suffice for are unfit for the task committed to them. In this their physical needs. If I had a million dollars latter group I would include rationalists, modern- to give I would invest it directly, through the ists, agnostics and humanists, who have really no kind of missionary I could trust (and there are Christian message for the people of the Orient. many of them), for the training and sending out of native evangelists who would in time become Among the greatest missionaries beginning pastors of the little churches of Christ which are with those who went out from Jerusalem down springing up throughout the Orient as the result to the present day, not many wise, not many of the preaching of God's Word. We "subsidize" mighty, according to human standards, have been leading ministers of the great churches of New called, and yet we have had such men as Carey, York, Chicago, Boston, Philadelphia, and Provi- Morrison, Livingstone, Judson, Verbeck; and, dence. They do not always show the spiritual or thank God, we have today such women and social results we might expect, even though their men who are willing to count little in a worldly "subsidies," in the form of salaries, are large appraisal but who stand high in ability and schol- enough in some cases to maintain a whole flock arship. Some of these outstanding men and of evangelists in a foreign field. women would be quick to defend those who have laid down their lives for Christ, even as that We come back to our Charter. Most missionfirst group of humble, untrained fishermen gave aries who have gone out under evangelical themselves to carry the Gospel to the regions be- churches have gone at the call of God. They beyond. Most of the boards have rather high lieve in Christ, not merely as a way of life, but standards for health, moral character, education, they believe that, by the miracle of the new birth, and special training for their missionaries. We the "Way of Life" will be opened to people of should maintain these standards and we can tes- different races throughout the world. Most of tify to the ability of the great body of men and these missionaries accept the Gospel of the Lord women who are now on the mission fields. Jesus Christ, 'as recorded in the prophecies of the Old Testament and in the history of the New, as Another recommendation of the Appraisers is the only basis for their calling, their message, that missionaries in the main should be with- and their service. They have found no other drawn and should be replaced by trained Ori-

Saviour of men, 110 other redemption except that Foreign Bible Society (1902), we learn that to offered through the Cross of Christ and the res- date approximately five hundred million copies urrection of our Lord. of the Scripture and portions have been trans- Any true appraisal of mission work must be lated and distributed in six hundred languages, based on the truth represented in the great Com- largely the work of missionaries who were and mission of our Lord and in the Apostles Creed. are scholars.

Those messengers sent out by Christ had lived "The gift of tongues at Pentecost was a small and learned with him for three years. They often testimony compared with this Pentecostal gift failed and many made mistakes, but they were which enables all peoples of the earth to learn used to found the Church. They were not hu- in their own tongue the wonderful works of manists; they were not rationalists; they were God." Unless we recognize this record of the su- not philosophers; but they were born from pernatural as divine wisdom, rather than "super- above; they were called of God; they were sent stition," we shall fail. If the Holy Scriptures are out endued with the power of the Holy Spirit accepted as the rule of our faith and practice, without which they could not expect to accom- and are not set aside by those who seek to domiplish anything of permanent value. They were nate theological thinking today, we shall have promised the continued companionship of the the great spiritual miracle of foreign missions Lord Himself, and today wherever we find any- perpetuated among all peoples. There can be thing of value in foreign mission work, or in re- no foreign mission enterprise without adherence ligious work at home, it is based essentially on to the belief in the Bible as the Word of God and the truth of this divine Gospel proclaimed the divinely inspired Charter of the enterprise. through such missionaries by word and deed.

Many appraisers have gone out to investigate THE GO-BETWEEN and report, beginning with those who went out to investigate the Land of Canaan in the days of By LEREINE BALLANTYNE, Toronto, Canada Moses. In the first group of twelve only two seem to have brought back any hopeful report. SI'C1'ctary oj PHblication8~ H'omen's .J.~IissiollarY' Society, Presbyt(,Tiull Church in Canada; author of ({Spirit Fire/' uThe Seven Seas of Scrvicc/' HFi'f(;li[lht F'ancies/' etc.

Caleb and Joshua sensed what was the real se- The Easterner's Quest The Christian's Answer cret of victory. Centuries later other appraisers, Paul and Barnabas, Peter, Luke and John and White clouds ride high; Seek not beyond others, investigated and made their reports con- The sun is dim; The drifting clouds; cerning the field and the work. They were endowed with the Holy Spirit. The main quali- God lives beyond- Nor yet within fication for any group of appraisers is their I know not Him. Ancestral shrouds. enduement with the Holy Spirit and their ability to recognize His work. The spirit of modern The earth I see; God has sent down humanistic philosophy is not sufficient to make I feel its wealth; To Earth's slopes, green, Its food I eat; His own true Son, Absorb its health. As Go-Between.

their appraisal of value. We believe in a divinely Yet something strong He made the perfect inspired call and preparation for the messengers Within me cries; Sacrifice. of Christ and in a divine program. We shall I seek to know God needs no more continue to believe and to work according to the Some paradise. Burnt flesh, or rice.

program. Some truth secure, Something more sweet The work of foreign missions is not com- Some knowledge pure, And true He gives; pleted. But only as it is carried on in conformity That Life goes on A faith more deep with the Charter, the Commission and prepara- And shall endure. A hope that lives.

tion required in the Word of God, will it have God lives beyond Take it, and know any power to bring men to know Him and the The mountains lean. The life supreme. power of His resurrection. I need, Great One, Lord Jesus is In the Centenary Report of the British and A Go-Between. God's Go-Between.

A critic of mi~sions who says: "I am not willing to spend my money to try to impose my beliefs on others," represents those who seem to think that missionary activity is designed merely to change people's opinions. Could that man see what is going on in many communities where missionaries are laboring-in the cities, and mountains of America and in the neglected lands he would discover that lives are being changed and communities are being made over by Christian missionary activity, especially by the patient, "shining" of Christian lives, giving forth light in dark places. Missionaries go to take Christ who changes men's lives.

to the Laymen's

AMONG the many comments on the Laymen's not by having some missionaries who only preach and .r-. Commission Report the following show other missionaries who only heal or teach but by hav- ing all missionaries communicate the Gospel by both the preliminary reactions in some mission deed and word." fields, in American churches and mission boards. Occasional reviews and appraisals of missionary The Board adheres unqualifiedly to this purpose in methods and results are useful but these may be the prosecution of its commission…. overdone. They are valuable in proportion as the appraisers appreciate the true purpose, ideals The Board is prepared to make any changes in meth- and abiding fruits of the work. Goodwill, hon- ods and policies and administration which will advance esty and care are not enough to assure sound the cause of Christ throughout the world, and which judgment. Our methods of work should change will bring to all men those saving gifts of truth and but only God has the right to change the basic life which can come through Him alone. nature and purpose of His commission to evan- gelize the world. The AlIwrican Baptist Foreign Missionary So- ciety has issued a preliminary statement which is A general criticism has been against the to be followed by others. This statement says: method of advance releases of sections of the Re- port, not only in all parts of America, but in None of the mission boards is responsible for the Europe and in mission lands. The effect of this observations and conclusions of the Report. Many of the recommendations cover ground entirely familiar is shown in a letter from Dr. George S. McCune, to the missionary organizations…. The Report does our missionaries less than justice. . . . This service President of the Union Christian College of calls for a high degree of self-sacrifice and many are Korea, who writes as follows: bearing burdens far beyond their strength on account of our inability to send reinforcements…. Our boards We are greatly exercised over the report of the Lay- have expressed their own viewpoint (as to the basis men's Commission. We feel that a great injustice and and scope of the enterprise) that "The paramount aim harm is being done here by their publication. All the of the Christian missionary enterprise is to lead men vernacular papers are tarrying the findings (releases). everywhere to accept Jesus Christ as Saviour and At the time when we are trying hard to keep our Lord, through whom they may find the Father and to school work up to tone and evangelistic in effect, to establish among them New Testament churches. . . . have such suggestions made by a Commission from The specific recommendation of parts II and III (of our home churches certainly cramps the wheels of the Report) will be taken into serious consideration. progress. . . . Not all of the proposals are acceptable to our boards or to our constituency." Mission boards have received the Report with varied expressions. The official pronouncement The preliminary statement adopted by the Ex- of the General Council of the Presbyterian ecutive Committee of the Board of Foreign Mis- Church "emphatically dissents from the conclu- sions of the Reformed Church in America states: sions of the Commission as effecting the aim and message of the missionary enterprise. What is The Reformed Church in America is committed to proposed is virtually a denial of evangelical the purpose of making Jesus Christ known to all men Christianity." as Redeemer and Master, both for the saving of their souls and for the rectifying of their lives personally The Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions and socially. The Board of Foreign Missions has this has issued a statement which says in part: mandate from the great Head of the Church. No other basis can be considered. No less or other pur- The Board recognizes with appreciation the earnest- pose could command the support of the Reformed ness a,nd sincerity and devotion of the members of the Church for so weighty an enterprise as that of for- Commission and the Inquiry. . . . The Board affirms eign missions, nor call to its forces the young men its abiding loyalty to the evangelical basis of the mis- and women who are needed on the field…. sionary enterprise…. The Board will continue to give the most careful The Board regards the evangelistic purpose of mis- scrutiny to its work, both at the home base and on the sions, when truly conceived, to be paramount. As the field, to see where adjustment or revision may be Lakeville Conference of the Board and representatives needed at any time to make it more efficient, keeping . of all its missions with representatives of the national always in mind its primary purpose and its obligation churches in June, 1931, declared: to the Church for which it acts and which looks to it fOI" leadership in its foreign missionary work. "We believe that the Gospel is to be proclaimed and .J esus Christ to be made known, not by word or deed The American Boar'd of Commissioners for but by word lind deed; that pl'eaching Christ and liv- Poreign Missions (Congregational) has viewed iug Christ are not to be dissociated; that truth and the whole basil'! and recommendations of the Lay- life go togethel' and that this union is to he effected [ 43 ]

men's Commission in a much more favorable Christ and His Gospel as will inspire so vast an underlight. The Board says in a published letter: taking as that of winning the world to Him.

After adequate discussion and conference on the DR. SAMUEL M. ZWEMER, for over forty years three missionary fields surveyed, and after securing a pioneer missionary to Moslems, and now Prothe well-considered opinions of pastors and corporate fessor of History of Religion and Christian Mismembers, the Board stands ready to accept whatever sions in Princeton Theological Seminary, writes future changes in method and policy may -seem wise. as follows in The Presbyterian Banner: So important are the proposals of the Commission- The old Biblical Christo-centric basis for missions ers that the Board is issuing as an aid to its study, is discarded in the Report…. The message here is a sixty-four page booklet which will contain in eight humanistic idealism, not redemption. "An idealism chapters (1) a brief statement of the recommenda- solidly based upon the testimony of human experience tions of the Report on each aspect of missionary work, and upon the eternal nature of the universe"-what- (2) concrete examples of work in our own missions ever that may mean. "All fences and private properto which the propo-sals apply, (3) comment upon the ties in truth are futile," they -say; "the final truth, merit of the recommendations by our secretarial whatever it may be, is the New Testament of evenj staff. . . . existing faith."

At the Annual Meeting of the Board the fol- Such an appraisal of the basis and aim of missions lowing was adopted: is out .of focus. It resembles a passport photograph, sufficiently accurate for purposes of identification to We urge upon our churches that they study care- outsiders, but hardly suited for enlargement and adfully this masterly survey. Our very confidence in miration. The appraisal in our opinion will not prothe missionary cause and our faith in the integrity duce a new Laymen's Movement, nor greatly increase and permanence of the movement causes us to rejoice missionary gifts to the boards concerned, nor secure in every criticism which tends to break up compla- an array of qualified volunteers from the universities. cency and compels us to compare our actual perform- When Moses at the command of God -sent out his apance with the precise needs of the people with whom praisal committee and they brought in their report, it was not a victorious document: "We saw the giants, we work. the sons .of Anak, and we were in our own sight as grasshoppers, and so we were in their sight." Joshua The Board of Foreign Missions of the Method- and Caleb tried to -save the situation, but mob psycholist Episcopal Church also views the Report more ogy took a hand at Kadesh Barnea, and unbelief trifavorably than many others. Bishop McConnell, umphed. Absit omen. the President of the Board, has already appointed a committee on "Inter-Church Cooperation." The Dr. Paul deSchweinitz, for some years the Secstatement issued by the Board does Dot comment retary-Treasurer of Moravian Missions in North on the doctrinal basis of the Report but deals America-that great pioneer missionary society with other features: now celebrating its two hundredth anniversary, says briefly: The Commissioners revealed breadth .of sympathy, keen insight and an earnest conviction that foreign The attitude of the Appraisal Commission runs dimissions, while needing constructive changes in the rectly counter to the underlying motives of all Moramethods of approach and policies and programs of vian missionary endeavor. work, must go on. As the Commission stated, "To any man or Church posse-ssed of religious certainty, From the United Lutheran Church comes a the mission in some form is a matter not of choice brief word from Dr. George Drach, Secretary of but of obligation…." the Board of Foreign Missions: The inescapable challenge .of this Report should ap- From the religious point of view, the Appraisal is peal to our laymen and should serve to turn apathy entirely unsatisfactory, but from the practical point and indifference into interest and support. Further, of view, as far as administration and -some adjustment the search for reality and courageous facing of the in foreign fields are concerned, the Report may be issues so characteristic of this Inquiry are in full ac- helpful. cord with the temper of youth today and will give new meaning and effect to the Christian message as it is The China Inland Mission, with over thirteen presented to this disturbed and di-stracted modern hundred missionaries in China and a long history world. of remarkable achivement, is one of the inde- pendent missions outside the purview of the Ap- Dr. James Endicott, Secretary of the Board of praisal Commission. The Home Director, Dr. Missions of the United Church of Canada, and Robert H. Glover, a former missionary in China, formerly a missionary in China, calls attention says in a personal letter: to the critical difference between the position taken by the Appraisal Commission and that My protest against the views and findings of this taken by the Jerusalem Conference (on nOD- Commission will be not so much in word as in action, Christian religions). for I shall be stimulated to more earnestness and de- votion than ever before to carry out the Saviour's true While the latter group stated in an unmistakable missionary commissi.on and to help complete the taRk way the supremacy of Christ and the infinite value of enjoined by Him. the Gospel message, the Appraisal Commission Report lacks any satisfactory indication of such a faith in

REACTIONS TO THE LAYMEN'S REPORT

In The Alliance Weekly, of the Christian and Foreign Missions of our Church, and to the whole mis- Missionary Alliance (another independent so- sionary enterprise of every church the world over. ciety), the Rev. David Mason, one of the Secretaries of the Alliance, voices the convictions of all DR. SHERWOOD EDDY, formerly a missionary "Faith Missions" on the great Christian motive and Y. M. C. A. worker, and now an author, a which the Appraisal Commission would discard: traveler and lecturer, says in The World To- morrow: We believe that millions of souls are in danger of eternal death and ought to have an opportunity of It is an able document, objective, scientific, fearless, life, and that that life is to be had only in Christ Jesus. soundly critical but also constructive and creative, and We believe also that the King's business requires will in time force the bulk of the foreign missionary haste, and the need is more urgent today than ever; enterprise to revise its methods and enter the modern world as the great history making dynamic which it is therefore "Go ye." capable of becoming.

Some pastors have voiced the views of churches Dr. Howard Agnew Johnston, pastor of the at home which are supporting the work carried Immanuel Presbyterian Church of Milwaukee, a on by the church boards. One of these, Dr. world traveler and long a student of missions, George W. Arms, pastor of the large Bedford writes: Presbyterian Church in Brooklyn, New York, The report is utterly unjust to the rank and file of writes in The Presbyterian: missionary workers. The failure to magnify the es- The Report of the Appraisal Commission . . . has sential place of Jesus Christ as the only hope and Savdenied the Scriptural ground of revealed, truth. . . . iour of the whole world is the most glaring fault in The position on which they build their criticisms is the report, and the ,suggestion about a super-board in purely "another Gospel." It means that either our the matter of administration is a startling presumpown church board must repUdiate this Report or else tion. It looks as if we had come to the point where the Church will repudiate the church board. the Church will be challenged to take its stand on one side or the other in connection with the place that our Another pastor, a former moderator of the Lord Jesus Christ is to have in the Church. I hope Presbyterian General Assembly who recently very much that the attitude taken by the Presbyterian visited the mission fields, Dr. Hugh T. Kerr of Board will be adopted by the Protestant churches Pittsburgh, says in The Presbyterian Banner: generally.

There is much in the Report that is of great value The China Critic, an English monthly puband interest. . . . But the Report fails to point out lished in Shanghai, favors the recommendations the progress that has already been made along the on missionary education and in relation to nonlines of Christian unity…. It seems to champion Christian religions. It says: the position that Christianity is not the one and only saving faith…. This position Christians cannot take. The report is both fair in its opinion and C'onstruc- . . . The idea of having a non-theological religion is tive in its recommendations.

nonsense. A non-theological religion is a non-intel- DR. CHARLES R. ERDMAN, professor and pastor lectual religion. at Princeton, New Jersey, an author and a trav- LAYMEN also comment on the Laymen's Re- eler in mission lands, a former moderator of the port. Dr. Hugh R. Munro, President of the Presbyterian General Assembly, and President of Montclair National Bank, says briefly: the Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions, ex- The fundamental defect, as I see it, is that these presses his views in The Presbyterian, from good men have lost sight of the true missionary mo- which we quote: tive. The Report is disappointing, not to say distressing.

A group of Congregational laymen, however, In contrast with the unifying and comprehensive dewarmly commend the Report and approve in prin- liverances of the Missionary Conference at Jerusalem, ciple its recommendations. They adopted resolu- this Report is divisive and defective. It does contain tions recommending to the American Board: commendable features. Some of its critici,sms are fair, but these are also familiar. Certain of its pro- (1) That it shape its policies along the lines recom- posals are wise, but for the most part these already mended in the Report, and (2) that it cooperate with have been acted upon in principle….

the Laymen's Committee and other denominations in The vital defect of the Report, however, is found in working out the measures to be taken toward united its doctrinal statements and implications. Christian- action in mission work. ity is not presented as a supernatural revelation of FRANK A. HORNE, a Methodist layman, and a the redemption wrought by Christ, but rather as "the member of the Laymen's Committee, writes in religion of the modern man, the religious aspect of the coming world culture." "The uniqueness of Chris- The Christian Advocate: tianity" consists in its selection and grouping of doc- Personally I am thrilled with the Report, and I know .trines which -it holds "in common with other reli- the other members of the Methodist Episcopal Com- gions," instead of its distinctive truths, such as mittee of laymen are equally enthusiastic over its incarnation, atonement, resurrection and the incom- value to the future plans and work of the Board of parable character and claims of Christ.

Ways of

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ "fested Methods for Increasing Interest at Home s. EDITED BY MRS. ESTELLA AITCHISON, GRANVILLE, OHIO '~II ~ ~~ ~~~~ ~~~ ~ ~~~~~=~____________1~1i§i TIMELY SUGGESTIONS Missionary Society entertains Meeting" in place of fruit basket the juniors, Mrs. William H. when you want to change places.

TURNING OVER NEW LEAVES Veenboer says: Twist your pic- "The Treasure Train" is the This title heads the first pro- ture of the Pied Piper of Ham- name of the new gift container gram in the Yearbook of the lin to represent the Woman's for the children, as used by Bap- Woodruff Place Baptist Church, Home Missionary Society play- tists this year. "It pictures a Indianapolis. Its symposium on ing enticing tunes with all types railroad engine and two cars. Missionary Education features of children following after. The wheels are slots in which "World Friendship Cultivated Careful searching will produce when filled there will be two Through (1) Books, (2) Schools a trumpeter, and children may quarters and eight dimes. The be cut from many sources. If of Missions, (3) Study Classes, your meeting is in the after- train is loaded with mission- (4) Denominational Papers, (5) noon, your program will doubt- aries, churches, schools, hos- Stories, (6) Visualization, (7) less be well on its way before pitals, Bibles, medicine, etc., all Pageants." A meditation on the children arrive from school, ready to help tell the world "Information, Thought, Deci- about our Saviour as soon as we sion, Action," furnishes the de- and yet they may be there for a supply the wheels. These gift votional portion. By means of good portion of it…. Children containers may be used in Suna large book made of wrapping do not think in abstract terms. day schools or other children's Visualize so that they can folpaper, denominational papers low. Use plenty of posters to il- organizations if the money is to and magazines, missionary lustrate or work up interesting be given to the denominational exhibits. When talking about work and reported." books and leaflets were pro- migrants, a simple thing to do moted by another group. "Turn- OUR MISSIONARY HEROES ing the Leaves" as the program would be to have some cans of progressed brought to view tomatoes, shrimps, oysters and In a setting of pictures and copies of the magazines, book other fruits and vegetables with patriotic decorations relative to jackets and leaflets mounted on little dolls representing tired the birthdays of Washington the pages of the improvised vol- boys and girls grouped about. and Lincoln, introduce well told ume. Missionary magazine subscriptions were solicited at the Since we are entertaining the stories of Paton, Livingstone, close of the meeting and other juniors, we want to play at least Sheldon Jackson, Grenfell, and literature was sold. Leaflets one game with them. Animated others, whose patriotism exwere used as place cards at the alphabet is a lively one. Make pressed in world-service has two sets of the alphabet-one in done so much to extend brotherensuing luncheon. red, one in blue-or choose your hood and promote Kingdom-citi- CHILDREN'S WORK IN THE own color scheme. Divide the zenship. Give a similar turn to NEW YEAR group into reds and blues with luncheons and dinners during The missionary training of a cleared space for the contest- the month of February. the children is our only insur- ants to stand. Have ready a list ance policy for the perpetuation of words of missionary interest ApPLIED NEW YEAR'S RESOof our missionary interests, for the children to spell. The object is to see which side can LUTIONS form the word first. The junhence it is of paramount im- iors having the right letters Pass around slips of paper on portance. The beginning of the rush up to the front and form which each person at the meetcalendar year is an appropriate ing is asked to express (1) her time for any senior missionary organization to invite the jun- the word. A tally is kept so wish for the missionary society iors either to be entertained or that the winning side may be in the opening year, and (2) her to give an entire program of determined. resolve as to personal service in their own-and how enthusi- "Fruit Basket" can become a actuating the ideal. Let the astic the little folks are over the missionary game by giving the papers be exchanged without latter plan. Writing of devices names of institutions in place of signature and read by the reto he used when the Woman's fruit, and by calling "Annual cipients.

[ 46 ]

EFFECTIVE WAYS OF WORKING

Majoring on the Devotional And again, there are the per- Last year circles died; hopes ennial hymns whose fitness for died, and many budgets died- Service the devotionals consists in their mention of desert sands or "the all owing to these wet blankets: The mainspring of a method heathen in his blindness"-fine "The depression is on and we must be its spiritual intent and hymns, but cheapened by their just can't meet our budget"; not its technique. While fresh- too frequent repetition and by "No use trying new plans in our ness, variety and adaptability to lack of specific adaptation to the modern thought and conditions subject in hand. With all the Conference-the girls won't atare striven for, it is the earnest choice religious music available, tend"; "You just cannot interintention of the editor of this hymns and special selections est girls in missions these days" ; department to put motive, pur- may fit the theme as an appeal "Girls can't afford to take the fits the need. Away with all missionary magazine"; "Girls pose and attitude of mind ahead such if we would give the devoof mere performance. A spir- tionals the place, preparation haven't sixty cents to pay dues," and emphasis due the power- and so on ad infinitum. Enough itual dynamic is an absolute generator in the meeting. prerequisite for the release of wet blankets were available last power on near and far fields of (This theme to be continued year to supply a whole army of missionary service. Nowhere is next month.) "It-can't-be-dones" !

this more imperative than in the Now wouldn't it be marvelous devotional service. On the ac- at the beginning of this year to cumulated evidence of a con- follow the Indian custom for all siderable lifetime of missionary Navajo Blankets versus Wet these deaths and have a huge meetings, the author feels quali- Blankets bonfire to burn up the wet blan- kets of discouragement? "With fied to say that in too many Hannah Pennock Miller, Na- God all things are possible." If cases, the devotionals are a tional Secretary of the Depart- only folks would keep affirming pious form to be gone through, ment of Young People under the and believing this, "miracles" Woman's Home Missionary So- would continue to happen. Even with perfectly good intentions ciety of the Methodist Episco- the New Psychology has proven but with precious little prepara- pal Church, sends THE REVIEW what such affirmations do in our tion, as an accredited clearance this inspiring article designed lives. for the program to follow. primarily for the younger work- In this Indian year, don't wait ers but equally applicable with- for others. Begin throwing A survey of ruts would in- out age limitations. It is a your own wet blankets on the evitably include "the usual mis- timely message in the midst of funeral pyre and using the Nasionary meeting," in which the our Great Depression. It is vaj 0 blanket instead. Now a devotional path is as hard-trod- Miss Miller's custom to cor- Navajo blanket is perfect in deden as any old buffalo trail and respond regularly with her sec- sign. (Here the writer urges a as deep as the sunken roads of retaries by personal letters and complete application of the de- China. What inherent merit is also with the girls' missionary nominational plans for the there in a long passage of Scrip- organizations through a month- year.) ture followed by a more or less ly letter in the missionary magunrelated prayer? or why must azine of her denomination, gen- A Navajo blanket is beauti- erally following a theme with . jul. (Application to a missionit last 15 minutes? Why are which is interwoven the specific women, not gifted for other pro- ary circle of girls working in gram appearance, tucked away things she desires the girls to order, harmony and unity toin the devotional period "to give do. The following is a sample, them something to do"? ward a goal they are determined . abridged from a letter at the to reach.) Then there are the late begin- opening of the new fiscal year: nings for the meetings, prefaced A Navajo blanket has warmth. with the remark: "We might Enthusiasm, ardor, hospitality, wait ten minutes for the others to come and meanwhile sing two DEAR GIRLS: good cheer, kindle love and stanzas of 'Rescue the Perish- As this is Indian year, and as neighborliness. Let every girl ing' as part of our devotionals." many of us stilI cannot think of put on her Navajo blanket and Perishing indeed, and some do the Indian without thinking of sit around a real fire of burning not realize the reason why! his blanket, I am prompted to desire to do her part this year Then there are the hit-or-miss write you this little disserta- to make her circle succeed. Scripture passages with the en- tion. There is a custom among A Navajo blanket is attrac- suing request for the minister's some Indians that when a death ave. In these days, girls' miswife to offer a short prayer; occurs in the family, everything sionary organizations must com- and the hasty selection of "a is burned and there is a com- pete with high school clubs and Psalm with 'heathen' in it for plete new beginning. While this all other organizations doing appropriateness-O, yes, here is wasteful custom tends to pro- girls' work. We just can't ex- 'Why do the heathen rage,' that Ion g poverty by destroying pect modern girls to come to will do nicely." Rage indeed; things that should be kept,' I dull meetings. We need to use they ought to, at our lack of would like to recommend a bon- all our ingenuity, originality, moral earnestness in seeking fire for the wet blankets all over ability, to prove that missionary their salvation! the land. meetings can be made attrac-

tive, if they are earnestly and promotes good will between the U. S. others; for a renewal of confidence painstakingly planned for in ad- and China: (3) endeavors to modern- in the sufficiency of Christ for every ize Chinese Life. crisis in the affairs of men: for the vance. people dedicated for missionary serv- A N a v a j 0 blanket costs Key to Right Answers Ice .at the Northern Baptist Con- ventIOn: for those now going into money, but everything in this 1. About 400,000,000. unknown territory with the first mesworld worth having has a price, 2. Republic. sage of the Gospel: for the native and why not a thing as worthful 3. Eighteen. churches that carry alone the task of as missionary endeavor? (Enu- 4. Native religion of China. winning their own communities' for meration of the several items of 5. Nanking. the Christians in China in this'time benevolence in the denomina- 6. Uprising against foreigners. of great political change and ecot ion a I organization.) Who 7. Last emperors of China. nomic distress; for the Kingdom of would begrudge the money it 8. Japanese. ~od Movement in Japan and for its costs to be missionary-spirited, 9. First president of Chinese Re- mfluence . here at home in deeper aft e r catching a vision of public. consecratIOn; for all missionaries Christ's objective in the com- 10. Endeavors to modernize Chi- eve~y,,:here ',¥ho are handicapped by mand, "Go ye into all the nese life. preJudIce, mIsunderstanding and opworld"? Just try putting Him position; that churches at home and -MRS. GRACE H. HONDELINK, first this year and see how all First Reformed Church, abrofd may. tes.t thefr belief that things necessary for your well- Rochester, N. Y. man s extre?mty 'IS God s opportunity; being will be added unto you. that all d~rectly related to mission He has promised and He never A Missionary Keynote in work may have courage and faith to fails. face seemingly impossible tasks. Depression Intelligence Test on China The whole thing is intended as a "Shall We Be Christian?" practical test of the reality of our The following introductory This startling but by no professed faith in the power of exercise was used as an ice- means redundant question was prayer, and a gauge of how much we breaker in my classes at the the theme for multi-discussion believe in it. "This," says Dr. How- La keG e n e v a (Wisconsin) at the annual meeting of the a!"d B. Grose: in Missions, "is begin- School of Missions last summer Northern Baptist Convention at nmg at the rIght place. In a revived and proved very effective in San Francisco; and the ans";er, spiritual life in the churches, the restirring up interest. After com- expressed in terms of missions sult of the communion with God pleting the test, the pupils and as well as church, social and which is involved in the pray-itteacher discussed the topics but civic endeavor, involved a right- through idea, lies the promise and papers were not handed in. about-face in many lines of en- possibility of the solution of the mis- deavor. The outgrowth of the sionary problems that make this a Multiple Choice-Check Right soul-searching discussions was peculiarly solemn and testing year." Answers the adoption of a slogan and a program, the former being an The overwhelming response 1. China's population is (1) about injunction pertinent to the to the plan up to date evithe same as that of the U. S.: (2) Great Depression-no less in dences the consciousness of need nearly 200,000,000: (3) about 400,- spiritual than in economic life: to which it appeals. Would that 000,000. "PRAY IT THROUGH." The pro- with disregard of denomina- 2. The government is a (1) mon- gram involved a definite, per- tional lines, Christians of every archy: (2) republic: (3) an empire. sonal pledge to follow daily a name might unite to "Pray It 3. China is made up of (1) three' schedule of prayer for which a Through"; for talk learnedly as ,(2) eighteen: (3) twenty-five prov: list of topics is provided each you will in terms of economics, Inces. month, the chairman of the sociology or psychology, about 4. Confucianism is a (1) Chinese planning committee, Dr. Ber- t~e roots of t?is greatest deprescas.te system: (2) religion brought to nard C. Clausen, of Syracuse SIOn of all tImes, the main tap Chma from Japan: (3) native reli- spending the entire month of root that refuses to budge for gion of China. October making addresses in mere erudition is the decline of 5. The capital of China is (1) Nan- prominent Baptist centers in spirituality and dependence king: (2) Pieping: (3) Shanghai. order to organize, energize and upon God. We shall never 6. The Boxer War was (1) an up- activate the movement. "snap out" of the depression, rising against foreigners: (2) a con- The trend of the intercession nor y;et find relief by pressing flict between professional wrestlers' will be seen from a few excerpts the rIght button for a shift in (3) an inter-provincial war. ' selected from the October sched- our individual or national psy- 7. Manchus were (1) rulers of ule, each request representing chology. The great Method of Manchuria: (2) the last emperors a day's assignment: Methods the editor of this deof China: (3) discharged soldiers partment would impress is, from Manchuria. Pray for honesty to examine your PRAY IT THROUGH, with sincere 8. The Sino-Japanese war was won life in God's presence and to follow repentance and bringing forth by (1) Japanese: (2) Chinese' (3) His guidance: for that consecration of the fruits thereof. ended in victory for neither. ' which lives in sacrifice as it ministers ~. Sun Yat.Sen was (1) an ancient to the world; for an intimate dis- They are not gone who pass Chmese warrIOr: (2) the first presi- cipleship with Christ and a loving Beyond the clasp of hand, dent of the Chinese Republic: (3) and understanding spirit towards They are not lost who find the last emperor of China. The sunset gate, the goal 10. The New Thought Movement is Of all their faithful years (1) a purely religious effort: (2) Who find the light of sun' And stars and God.

-Selected.

'~I==,",","",===============I~

BULLETIN OF The Council of Women for Home Missions ANNE SEESHOLTZ, EXECUTIVE SECRETARY, 105 EAST TWENTY-SECOND STREET, NEW YORK ~'_ _ _ _ _ _———————_ _ _ _ _ _I~'

WORLD PEACE CHRISTIAN SERVICE AMONG MIGRANTS The eighth Conference on the of prayer and giving for others. From the Diary of a Migrant Center Cause and Cure of War, in From beans, to peas, to letwhich eleven national women's Six hundred Italian migrants are organizations are cooperating, tuce, to cantaloupe, to cotton, here for "beans" and "peas." Buildwill be held at Hotel Washing- to berries, these children have ings constructed for winter quarters ton, Washington, D. C., January come-a part of the great pro- for a circus have been remodeled and 17-20, 1933. The program pre- cession following the crops in now house these migrant families. sents unusual variety, providing response to the demand for sea- Three rooms in the heart of these challenging addresses and de- sonal labor in harvest and can- "migrant homes," quarters assigned bate upon every fundamental ning seasons, thus losing the sometimes to three families, are to be dispute involved in the discus- advantages of organized com- our center. They look out upon the sion upon peace and war. munity life. Here the Christian beautiful wooded hills which rise center is sheltering the little above the "shack village." Many missionary societies are children from weary days of including in their program of toil in the heat of the fields and The center opened today to the work the study of WorId Peace. danger of the cannery, and is bangs and knocks of a carpenter's There have been prepared five building in them spiritual and hammer plus the cries of a multitude oackets on Disarmament, The physical strength. In areas of children. The carpenter really World Court, Militarism in where the migrants are widely was building shelves for our three- Education, The League of Na- scattered, the Christian nurse room center and the children were tions, and The Cause and Cure travels from shack to shack as clamoring for the nice, new toys. of War, which may be secured friend and counselor. Their calls of "Teacher, gimme a from the office of the Council of ball"; "I want a doll"; "Can I have Women for Home Missions. In this Christian program what she's got?" are still ringing in They are loaned for the price of among the migrant people the our ears. postage or sold for one dollar churches are working unitedly each. through the Council of Women We finished straightening the for Home Missions in Califor- rooms–kitchen, nursery and play- WORLD DAY OF PRAYER nia, Oregon, Washington, Colo- room. Each has a congoleum rug, r ado, Arkansas, Connecticut, screen door, shelves and curtains. On March 3, 1933, groups New York, New Jersey, Dela~ The migrants visited and exclaimed throughout the world will be ware and Maryland, bringing to each other, "Nize, huh?" uniting in the observance of the together forces that can help to World Day of Prayer. This meet the needs of the migrant We followed our program todayyear, in addition to the adult child. clean-up, recording attendance, worprogram, there has been pre- ship, handwork, games, lunch, rest pared a children's program, [49 ] hour, stories, crackers and milk. printed attractively on paper of different colors ($.01 each; $.50 As these last were being served toa hundred). The four mission- day most of the children waited paary projects for which the offer- tiently to say grace but little Lewis ings are to be given-the two grew a bit impatient and asked, home projects, Indian Work and "Ain't we going to say, 'Thank you, Migrant Work, described on God'?-the first real interest shown these pages, and the two foreign in the blessing. projects, Union Christian Colleges and Christian Literature for Women and Children in Foreign Fields-may be presented through brief talks by women of the group, through impersonation or simple dramatization. The day is essentially one

Now the gang goes to the field so COOPERATION WITH INDIAN AMERICANS early in the morning the children are sleepy when they come to the center, Young Indian Americans in giously, they need more friends, so each morning at seven o'clock all their efforts to become useful and they need them now! the children rest. So far the great citizens in the U. S. A. and in majority sleep till eight-thirty or nine the Kingdom of God find in The Christian work carried o'clock and then, after lunch, they all their way mountains of mis- on by religious work directors understanding concerning their supported by fourteen denomisleep again. past history, barriers of racial nations jointly through the Such confusion today! A strike is discrimination on the part of Council of Women for Home some fellow citizens, and Missions and Home Missions on. The "gang" wants more pay. Of "hurts" from others through Council is helping young Incourse, the excitement reacts on the indifference and ignorance conchildren. cerning their present situation. dians to overcome obstacles and find the Way of Life. Because The older boys and girls were given They appreciate the friend- of lack of funds, this work is at the privilege of taking out books from ship of government officials and present limited to seven schools our small library today. At least teachers, of missionaries and of whereas there are about fifty twenty-five books were taken. And the Christian town-folk. Edu- United States Indian schools in the clinics-poor Miss Margaret had cationally, economically, rei i- which interdenominational reliher hands full. She worked from gious work directors could be nine till twelve treating wounds, and then finished the day by treating placed. more when the "gang" came back from the field this evening.

This morning Mr. B. came and took me to the cannery to see how beans were canned. It was most interesting. When we had gone through nearly the whole process we came to the place where beans were packed into the cans. The girls pressed them in firmly. They barely glanced at the can. In a flash it came to me that some of the children were being placed in life as the beans were placed in the cans. By a firm, powerful force beyond their control. Some were being packed in straight and fine, others crooked, bent and cracked, others were cut off by the sharp edge of the can as they were being placed in. It is a glorious privilege to help some of the children enter life a bit straighter and stronger.

Excerpts from Reports of Interde- Haskell Institute, Lawrence, Kansas ent time there is in the process of construction a new shop building. nominational Work of Directors "Our Sunday school is organized This will greatly increase the interest with student officers. Miss Scudder of Haskell students in vocational Among Indian Boys and is the sponsor and director of these work." officers. Each Sunday morning we Girls in Government have a general assembly for a thirty- Sherman Institute, Riverside, Cali- minute worship period. The different fornia Schools classes take turns in providing the program. The program is something "This year we had 840 Protestant Theodore Roosevelt Indian School, as follows: A song, Scripture read- students with 20 of our junior and Fort Apache, Arizona ing, prayer, talk by one of the stu- senior class members as leaders in dents, the offering, a song, reports of our Sunday school. We have a splen- "It is interesting to notice the dif- did choir as in past years. Miss ference in response that I get from class attendance of the previous Sun- Wight is in charge of the Junior the children this year in comparison day." Church, 125 smaller children, which with that of last year. It is really a meets in the basement of the chapel. crime to change workers with the In- "The second semester of this year Our Y. W. C. A. and Y. M. C. A. dian children every year. They are there were interdenominational classes organizations have been wonderful. just beginning to feel as if they knew taught in the high school department Christine Reuben and Patrick Honme now." of the school. These met five times owa were the presidents. We have a a week and were given the same large Christian Endeavor Society "My Monday group of Girl Re- amount of credit as any other elective Sunday afternoons. Our socials have serves are a picked group. I chose course in the high schooL" been on a high order throughout the 12 girls who seemed to have some entire year. All in all, we have been leadership qualities. I want to see "Our Student Council of Religious wonderfully blessed by our heavenly what I can do to develop them. They Education has been a great help in Father in all we have attempted to are the older girls of the school. I planning and carrying out our ac- do. Remember us in your prayers." asked them what they would like to do this year. I had various sugges- tivities." "Everywhere I went on my trip to tions but one of the girls said, 'Why "Our Young Men's Forum club has Arizona and New Mexico, I was corcan't we practice on a program and dially received by young and old as put it on in a school far away?' I started out better than ever before. soon as they were told I was a misliked the suggestion and I am quite We have had to move from our old sionary from Sherman. The returned sure it will do the girls good to have room, which holds about a hundred, students seemed to be taking a promthis experience. The principal says to a larger hall. The added emphasis inent place in the Indian life on the that we can arrange to have a gov- that is being placed on vocational reservation." ernment truck take us to some near- work at Haskell perhaps has someby Indian school for such a program." thing to do with the interest in our Forum club. Our programs are based on vocational subjects. At the pres-

~[~ OUf World~wide Outlook '1'1"

~~I ~~~~=A=M=iss=ion=ar=y ~New=sp=ap~er~of~Cu=rr=en=t E=ven~ts~~~~~I~' __ God in Human Lives Scripture supplied to the world Among the European countries the in the one year-and this in the following figures are given: The Evangelisches Missions- face of the depression of 1931. magazin of the Basel Mission Poland ………. 3,150,000 has been publishing a survey of AMERICA 1931 Soviet Russia …. 2,800,000 missionary effort during the last Rumania …….. 920,000 ten years. The close of this sur- Volumes Germany …….. 582,000 vey contains the following in- Hungary …….. 485,000 teresting paragraph: American Bible Society .. 9,745,356 Czecho-Slovakia .. 400,000 England …….. 300,000 In thus looking back upon the last GREAT BRITAIN Austria ……… 270,000 ten years of mission work in all fields France ………. 225,000 we note most clearly that wherever British and Foreign Bible Lithuania ……. 170,000 Christ has taken possession of human Society (1804) …… 10,552,284 Holland ……… 160,000 hearts there are creative forces at work that make weak men strong National Bible Society of The Jewish population of the and equip them for tasks which they Scotland (1861) .. , .. 4,615,109 United States is given at 4,400,000. could never carry out according to For the largest cities the following human estimates. We see the cour- Scripture Gift Mission .. 2,185,043 figures are given: age of the Japanese and Chinese Christians in beginning a magnificent GERMANY 20,500 New york …… . 1,800,000 evangelistic activity at a time when 10,951 Warsaw …….. . 360,000 all human reasoning would demand Baden Bib I e Society, 74,270 Chicago …….. . 325,000 a cautious holding back and conduct Karlsruhe ……….. 86,727 Philadelphia …. . 270,000 that is entirely passive. We note 23,291 Budapest ……. . 240,000 further the reaching over of the re- Bavarian (or Central) 606,100 Vienna …….. . 220,000 vival movement of the casteless peo- Bible Society (1823). Lodz ………. .. 180,000 ple of South India into the higher Moscow …….. . 140,000 castes. Finally there is everywhere Bergische Bible Society in the Near East a growing feeling (1814) ………….. Children's Project for China of responsibility for the winning of Mohammedans for Christ, among the Prussian Bible Society Following the friendship very ones who had to suffer the se- (1806) ………….. projects for Japan, Mexico and verest persecution. These and many the Philippines, the Committee other facts show us, with the clarity Saxony Bib I e Society on World Friendship Among that is evident only in concrete ex- (1814) ………….. Children (287 Fourth Avenue, amples, what the grace and power of New York) is promoting for God can effect in human hearts. They Wurttemberg Bible Insti- the coming year a fourth projare a renewed testimony for the word tution (1812) …….. ect for the children of China. of St. Paul, "God hath chosen the This will consist of portfolios foolish things of the world, that He FRANCE 3,313 prepared by children of Amermight put to shame them that are 7,016 ica in churches, schools and wise." Bible Society of France homes. Each portfolio is to (1864) ………….. contain a message of goodwill; Thirty Million Bibles a Year six attractive pictures to hang Bible Society of Paris on the wall; snapshots of Amer- An impression of the number (1818) ………….. ican children, homes, churches of volumes of Scripture being and schools,' and other pictures annually issued by the Protes- DENMARK 50,249 of American animals, sports tant Bible Societies of America and scenes. The China Departand Europe can be gathered Danish Bible Society .,. ment of Education will distribfrom the figures below. But ute the portfolios among the they do not represent a com- HOLLAND 190,000 public schools of China. plete statement for 1931. The The time for the project extends societies named are those which Netherlands Bible Society to August, 1933, and portfolios publish Christian scriptures and (1815) ………….. 148,691 may now be obtained from the represent, in some measure, a Committee at 60 cents each. national enterprise. Adding to NORWAY 76,071 the figures below to the vol- A fun d for starving and umes iss u e d by commercial Norwegian Bible Society undernourished Chinese chi 1firms and by Roman Catholics, (1816) ………… .. dren is being raised to send with one finds a tremendous total of the portfolios. Five dollars will o v e r 30,000,000 volumes of SWEDEN 25,098 provide 500 meals to be admin- Swedish Bible Society (1809) World's Jewish Population The Jewish Daily Bulletin of April, 1932, publishes statistics concerning the number and dis- tribution of Jews in the world for the year 1931. The 15,- 870,000 in the world are dis- tributed among the continents as follows: Europe …….. . 9,886,000 America ……. . 4,823,000 Asia ……….. . 612,000 Africa ……… . 552,000 Australia ……. . 27,000 [ 51 ]

istered by the China Famine This year they have been cele- spiritual force and helpfulness Relief, U. S. A., and its advisory brating the i r anniversary. of church music in the family committee in Shanghai. In American Reformed C h u r c h life of the nation. Fifty-five 1926-27 thousands of dolls were members early began their sup- cities in ten states were represent to Japan and two million port of foreign missionary work sented by the pastors who offici- Japanese children contributed by sending funds through the ated, and fifteen denominations to send back to America 58 American Board of Commis- of the Protestant faith.

beautiful "doll ambassadors of sioners for Foreign Missions. In – Watchman-Examine?'.

goodwill." In 1928-29 Ameri- 1832 they organized their own can children sent 30,000 Friend- board but continued for twenty- Missionary Talking Picture ship Bags to Mexico and hun- five years to cooperate with the The first missionary "talkie" dreds of thousands of Mexican American Board. Many famous has been produced in Canada. children united to send back 49 missionaries have been sent by It is called "Through China and large exhibits of their school this Church to India, China, Japan." The film affords valuart work. In 1929-30 American Japan and Arabia. Among the able testimony to the efficiency army transports were used to pioneers were the famous Scud- of the work carried on by mistake 28,000 Friendship Treas- der family and the Chamber- sionary societies in China and ure Chests to the Philippines lains of India; David Abeel of Japan. The cinematographer's and thousands of "Thank you" China; Guida F. Verbeck of account of his work at Mukden letters came. back from Filipino Japan; Samuel M. Zwemer and during the Japanese occupation, children. James Cantine of Arabia. The his journey to Peking and to the work of this Church has been Great Wall, his experience at NORTH AMERICA noteworthy for its strength and Hankow with flood refugees and stability rather than for its at Shanghai with refugees from The Florida Chain wide extent. Chapei, are all full of interest. To this film missionaries and Another chain of Missionary The Amoy Mission of China others have added a running Assemblies will be held this commentary with musical acwinter in nine cities under the was founded in 1842; the Arcot companiment. There will be a direction of Mrs. Henry W. Pea- Mission of India in 1853; the silent edition of "Through China body and Miss B. Louise W ood- Japan Mission in 1859; the and Japan" for showing in ford. These assemblies are Arabian Mission in 1889, and places where a talkie is impracscheduled as follows: the United Mission of Meso- ticable. potamia in 1924. The present January 14-18-3acksonville. secretary of the Board is Dr. Lutheran Woman's Society January 18-20-Winter Haven Wm. 1. Chamberlain, a son of January 21-26-Miami. the famous Jacob Chamberlain.

January 25-27-The Palm Beaches. Radio as a Force The Women's Missionary So- ciety of the United Lutheran January 28-February 1- St. Pe- tersburg.

January 29-February 1-Tampa. The religious radio programs, Church supports the mission sponsored by fifty-three city, program of t hat Church in February 1-3-Clearwater. county and state church federa- Africa, China, India, Japan, February 4-8-0rlando. South America, West Indies, February 4-9~Deland. United States and Canada. This organization held its eighth bi- Similar assemblies made a tions and the Federal Council of ennial convention in Baltimore deep impression last winter and Churches, had a weekly distri- last October, and reported a promise similar feasts this year. bution of 364 station periods total membership of 64,643 in Among the speakers announced 31 synodical organizations, with are Dr. Royal J. Dye, who estab- during the first nine months of total receipts for the biennium, lished a Christian home among 1932, an increase of 309 periods July 1, 1930, to June 30, ·1932, primitive Africans where there since 1928. Approximately 280 $888,578.71. There are 29,028 is now a self-governing church life members and 5,447 memowith 870 native missionaries; ministers officiated during the rials, making a total value of Dr. and Mrs. Sam Higginbot- twelve months ending Septem- $403,690 in the life and in metom of Allahabad, India; Dr. ber 1. More than 60,000 copies m 0 ria m memberships. The John McDowell of New York; of radio sermons were sent on thank-offering for the last bien- Dr. Jan e t Miller, author· of request of people in every walk nium amounted to $224,551.88. "Jungles Pre fer red"; and of life, and from all parts of Students Seek Faith others fro m China, Brazil, America. In addition, 50,000 Alaska and various foreign and commendatory letters were rehome mission fields. ceived, among them many seek- ing advice fro m officiating ministers to meet personal prob- lems. More than 1,000 musical Dutch Reformed Missions compositions w ere broadcast. The secretary of the Yale Requests for favorite hymns Christian Association, Fay The Board of Foreign Mis- were received from all parts of Campbell, .is certain that the resions of the Reformed Church the country. Letters have come ligious situation in the colleges in America has had a notable from thousands of shut-ins, and he knows is the most encouraghistory in its century of service. hundreds have testified to the ing since the war. He says:

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

There is a new' spirit abroad in stu- Lowe, Professor Brown of ing services·are held. There is dent circles. The liberalism which Princeton, and Dr. Sladen of the now a modern mission hospital has been fed to the campus gets no Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit. with seventy beds and a good response today. The man who wins On Sunday addresses on the clinic.-Mrs. Fred S. Bennett. the attention of our best minds is Movement were given in thirtyone who has a real creed and knows five churches and during the Pioneering Among Mexican what he believes-and that creed in- week meetings were held at the cludes some positive information Ritz-Carlton Hotel. Farmers about God and Christ, alongside of some clear convictions as to the rev- Members of the Group ex- From a Mexican evangelist olutionary nature of the ethics of plained why they had become comes this account of a visit to Jesus. Students no longer need to be connected with the Movement the village of Ahuacapan: "For told that capitalism and war are and the change that had taken light, we had an old lantern and wicked. They want to hear from a place in their own lives. Prof. an occasional firebrand. The man who can help them to pray and Marshall Brown of Princeton people sat or stood in groups. at the same time train themselves to asked, "Was Jesus C h l' is t Those who had heard the Gosbuild a new world. right?" If He was, then it is up pel before had expectant faces, to us to follow Him without any while others glowered defiantly. -Congregationalist. reservations and to see the thing All sorts of remarks were heard, through with Him. while knives, machetes, and Olmypiad of Religion even firearms were brandished The solution of international, about. At last we started our One of the most successful co- political, and business problems conferencia (lecture). I spoke operative movements ever car- is to be found in Christ, said of the richness which God had ried out in Los Angeles was the Vice-Admiral Sidney Drury- bestowed upon their region, and crusade known as the Olympiad Lowe. This cannot be done, reminded them of the signs of of Religion, promoted by the however, until the individual destruction which was everychurch federation of that city life was surrendered to Christ. where to be seen, due largely to during the Olympic Games, the hatred and envy which prewhen the city entertained over -The Living Church. vail between man and man. Due 400,000 visitors from 50 na- to unwholesome diet, many of tions. The first event was called LATIN AMERICA the people, especially the chilthe Church Roll Call, held dur- dren, were sick. I told them ing three weeks of February, Progress in Santo Domingo that the land which they had reduring which time more than ceived from the former owners 50,000 names of prospects for This Spanish-speaking black would do them no good if they church membership were se- Republic has had a checkered continued hating and stealing cured. This was followed im- career of 440 years. Foreign from one another with no faith mediately by the Personal Work misrule and local rebellions have in themselves or in God. I told Campaign, leading up to Easter prevented development of an them that in their case the only Sunday, during which time more island rich in various woods and remedy was to sow goodness, than 10,000 new members were in agricultural possibilities. and that this can only be done added to the churches. The next Ninety per cent of the native through faith in God. They emphasis was the Pentecost pe- population are illiterate. asked us not to leave them, but riod, during which time hun- to show them how to lead a dreds were add e d to the In 1915 the Rev. Philo W. Christian life." churches and scores of sermons Drury of Puerto Rico visited on "The Ministry of the Holy the Dominican Republic, and his -Congregationalist. Spirit" were preached by co- report of the physical, mental operating pastors. The greatest and spiritual needs of the peo- Outbreak in Costa Rica event was the series of union ple bore fruit. A more extenevangelistic meetings conducted sive survey was made in 1919, A little evangelical church in through the period of the Olym- and later an interdenomina- Santa Barbara, Costa Rica, has pic Games, and the final event tional body was formed, made been steadily gaining ground, was a great union vesper serv- up of representatives of the Na- a fact which disturbed an unice in the Hollywood Bowl, seat- tional Mission Boards of the usually intolerant Spa n ish ing 22,000, on Sunday night, Presbyterian, Methodist E:rris- priest; and last summer a con- August 21. copal and U nit e d Brethren certed attempt was made to de- Churches. stroy this work. A mob of some -Federal Council Bulletin. 300 came directly out of Mass, With the exception of two or battered down doors and win- Oxford Groups in Canada three Dominicans, the Church dows and fired several shots. A work has all been carried by detachment of police agents, A team of thirty-three men Puerto Ricans, men of pioneer looking for moonshiners, came and women representing the type; not one of them but has along at the critical moment and Oxford Group Movement has faced hostility and even danger prevented murder. Since the created a deep impression in as he has preached the Gospel authorities had intervened, an Montreal. The visitors included of Christ. Seven churches have investigation was instituted. Dr. Frank N. Buchman, the been organized, and there are Rev. S. M. Shoemaker, Jr., New many outstations where preach- Yo l' k, Vice-Admiral Drury-

The serious thing is that while "comeback" of the Church is sor of the Prague University the authorities protest their de- prayer and action-action in the adds that a further 800,000 have termination to maintain the lib- form of benevolence. No church separated fro m the Roman erty of worship which the Con- is without its soup-kitchen, Catholic Church and constituted stitution concedes, there are clothes exchange, relief commit- a Reformed National Catholic indications that they resent hav- tee. Christian benevolent agen- Church-a so r t of halfway ing to take sides against the cies have gone back to the old house to Protestantism. Old Catholic Church. The following monastic procedure of taking in prejudices against Protestant- Sunday President Jimenez sup- the poor and the wretched. No ism prevent large numbers of plied protection while services man is sent away hungry, and ex-Romanists from going the were h e I d in perfect quiet, no hostile propaganda has been whole way.-Alliance Weekly.

thereby furnishing a precedent able to get around this fact.

that resulted in a strengthening The answer to prayer finds its Armenians in Athens of the evangelical cause, not expression in the largely in- In fourteen different localities only in Santa Barbara but else- creased evangelistic w 0 r k of in and about Athens, five Bible where. women are at work among Ar- -Latin American Evangelist. German Protestant churches. menians, who come from widely There is now a discernible move- separated reg ion s of Asia For the Girls of Peru ment back to the churches, and a very considerable decrease in Minor. There is no church, and A new high schol in Lima, re- the number of withdrawals. no school for children, but the cently opened by the Methodist Bible woman advises the women, -Presbyterian Banner.

Woman's Foreign Mission So- Religious Liberty Under Il Duce comforts them, rejoices with ciety, is the only Protestant them, leading them out of their school for girls in Peru. Among The General Director of the distress into a spirit of overcomother courses offered is one in Spezia Mission for Italy, Rev. ing faith. The Greek neighbors domestic science, an innovation H. H. Pullen, has received from are often invited in, and three in Peru. A two-year commer- II Duce confirmation of the fact such h a ve learned to know cial course is offered; there are that, though the new laws of Christ. A busy dressmaker lays also physics and chemistry lab- Italy permit Roman Catholic aside her work for two hours oratories, a large gymnasium, priests to teach for one hour each Wednesday to attend the club room, library, and play- each week in the public elemen- meetings. This work was cut ground. The new building oc- tary and secondary schools in 50% last winter. cupies a site of 5,000 square Italy, this concession does not met e r s. Excellent relations hold in the universities: that -Congregationalist.

exist between the Peruvian edu- Protestants have the right to AFRICA cational authorities and the demand that where, for lack of Opportunity in Egypt management of the Lima High a Protestant school, their chil- School and favorable comment dren must attend the public, All around Shebeen, owing to has been made in the press on communal or national schools the work of the Christian hosthe fact that Bible study courses they may be completely ex- pital, doors are wide open and are offered. empted from the priest's hour there is a ready hearing for the -Christian Advocate. of teaching: and that no child Gospel message. Bilbeis is the is allowed to suffer in the ex- first town in Egypt proper on aminations, or to be held back the old caravan route fro m EUROPE in any way from promotion, be- Syria, and was the first to meet Action Against Atheism cause he or she has not been the Moslem hordes, who be- German churches wage con- receiving Roman Catholic reli- seiged and took it. The Crustant warfare against aggres- gious teaching. In the schools saders on two occasions massive atheism, sweeping across of the Spezia Mission fullest lib- sacred many of the villagers. from Moscow. Atheistic organ- erty is allowed for daily sys- These events produced bitter izations find that the sort of tematic Bible teaching. hatred of Christianity. Every -Beyond Alpine Snows. Thursday at the market meetpublicity popular in Russia is unsuited to the German temper- Gains in Czecho-Slovakia ing, we see an exhibition of it. ament. Caricatures of Biblical Thus it was twenty years ago, characters, of God, of Christ The secretary of the Evan- and still it is today. and of His Mother, burlesques gelical Continental Soc i e t y At Ismailia station the playof church services and assaults writes that "nowhere has Prot- ground of the boys' school was on sacred festivals not only estantism gained such ground crowded, so that it was hard to failed to win recruits from the as in Czecho-Slovakia, with the find seats for the four hundred German bourgeoisie, but even Protestant Dr. Masaryk as who were present. There were tend to defeat their own pur- President of the State. Since many Moslems among them, pose, with the result that such the Armistice 200,000 h a v e and we praised God. manifestations have noticeably joined the Hussite Church of -Egypt General Mission lessened. The most effective the Czech Brethren." A profes- News.

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

The League and Liberia things have become new. Jesus, church service, including hymns, amen! To Thee be all the glory! I prayers and sermon. They are A plan recommended by a believe in the whole Bible, and I am eloquent, and when truly saved League of Nations committee ready to serve my Saviour anywhere. make ideal wayside preachers for the Republic of Liberia con- because of their cogent reasontains broad enough authority to Your young brother, ing. They are trustworthy, they permit the foreign adviser to are inexpensive, and often have eliminate alleged conditions of BALLA. a real longing for spreading the slavery in the Negro republic Gospel among those who have and otherwise put the country -Alliance Weekly. not heard it. on a stable basis. Reopening 0 f Spanish Guinea Student Evangelists in Rhodesia The Fin a n c e Corporation holds a contract undertaken in After a lapse of eight years, Seven students and one teach- 1926 to finance the government during which there was no mis- er of Mount SiIinda Institute of Liberia, presumably in re- sion activity in Spanish Guinea, spent some of their vacation in turn for the rubber concession. this region was reentered the evangelistic journeys. In Chief past summer by Rev. and Mrs. Ziiki's territory they found peo- The new plan provides that J oseph McNeill, Presbyterian ple begging that their schools the foreign adviser is to be ap- workers in the Cameroun. So might be opened again. They pointed by the Council of the far this new work has the full talked with about 2,000, and 149 League and will receive from approbation of the Spanish Re- professed conversion. S 0 m e the Liberian Government full pUblican Government, in which traveled in Portuguese terriauthority to administer the gov- a number of cabinet positions tory, and in Rhodesia talked ernment, and if a dispute should are occupied by men who recog- with 1,800; 83 professed conarise his judgment would pre- nize the value of a strong evan- version. Teacher Thompson vail pending an appeal to the gelical ferment in the Spanish and Nvowana had hard work League of Nations. world. finding the homes in the tall grass. They ran with their For purposes of administra- Under date of August 12, Mr. arms over their heads to protion Liberia is to be divided into McNeill writes: tect them from the grass, never three provinces, each to be ad- knowing when they would run ministered by a Provincial Com- The missionaries of two genera- into a buffalo or elephant, for missioner designated by the tions never saw the like of the day their district was full of these League Council and approved that is ours. They prayed for it and wild animals. by the President of the Repub- it has fully come. No obstacle is belic of Liberia. ing put in our way. Formerly hin- -Missionary Herald. tdhreancoenslyaplipmeiatraetdionfrsomarewistuhcohut·~snowwe From T oma Forest ourselves impose. Villages are wide open calling for catechists and teach- Balla Bea is a young man ers. For the time being we can send from Toma Forest, that south- volunteers from the Cameroun, but ern corner of French Guinea such an expedient must necessarily where darkness reigns supreme. After the missionary's arrival be temporary only. Being Cameroun Moslems in South Africa men they know no Spanish. We must last year, he attended every train the youth of Spanish Guinea The presence of 49,000 Mosservice, made diligent inquiry, itself. That is the immediate task of lems in the Union of South today. Africa, 25,000 of whom are gave his heart to the Master. concentrated in Cape Province Recently, a native evangelist Afrir:ans Organize Mission alone, justifies the description wrote a letter of encourage- of that Province as "the southment, asking him to meditate Negro Christians of the Cam- ern outpost of I s I a m," and upon 1 John 2: 3-6. In reply, eroun have organized a foreign makes it "an important strate- Balla Bea wrote the following mission society for the evangel- gic point in the conflict between ization of interior tribes. Most Mohammed and Christ for the testimony: of the Cameroun churches are soul of Africa." A Moslem self-supporting. In a country writer of Capetown declares where no one dared venture five that "the final struggle between miles from home at night before DEAR BROTHER: the Gospel came, representa- Christianity and Islam will take Here are a few words in reply to tives of eleven 0 n c e hostile place in Africa." your letter concerning 1 John 2: 3-6. I believe that the Lord Jesus Christ tribes met to organize this mis- Where ignorance is so dense, died for me, and that He saved me sionary society. the difference between the two by dying on the cross of Calvary. I religions is confusing, the more want to serve and obey Him. I be- Native African evangelists so because terms are strangely lieve with all my heart that I am are especially adapted to piosaved, and that He loves me, and I love Him also with all my heart. I neer work. They can travel up intermixed. The Moslems talk believe that He is soon coming to to forty-five miles a day with of "our Church" rather than take me with Him in the clouds. I ease-three times the limit of the mosque, a meeting of Malay the white missionary. They women in the mosque is called have believed in the Lord Jesus have wonderful memories and a "Bible class," and they give Christ, and I am saved. I believe that I was dead in my faults and sins, can recall family history thirty- each other "Christmas presbut now I am a new creature. Old ents." Only in Capetown is things have passed away, and all five generations back. They can Christian work among Moslems recite from memory the whole

attempted. There is the Mission mile. Their shacks are made INDIA of the Dutch Reformed, also the from old packing cases, the sides Anglican Mission, which has of Standard oil tins and pieces Student Greetings to China operated at intervals since 1848. of sacking. Many roofs are per- When Dr. E. Stanley Jones Greater results are anticipated forated and give glimpses of the left Lucknow for China, he bore from a recent conference of sky above. One is astonished to the following message from the workers among Moslems, called see how much they can do with students of Lucknow College: by the Archbishop of Capetown. next to nothing. Some make "To the students of China: This conference was mostly de- very usable combs out of old "On behalf of the students of fensive in its aim to see what camel bones. Lucknow Christian College we could be done to overcome the The children present one of send you greetings. We have lapsing of the poorer sort of the most acute problems of the watched with interest the strugcolored Christian to Islam. It camp. There are about 4,500 gle which you are making for was agreed that the essential children of school age in the the emancipation of your coundifferences between the two re- Beirut camp. Of these 3,000 are try and we wish to assure you ligions should be brought out in schools, there being accom- of our prayers and sympathy. for the use of teachers and that modation for only this number. It is a time when the youth of every opportunity should be The whole situation is unthink- the world should unite and take t a ken in adolescent Sunday able for a time of peace. a firm stand against the evils schools to set these differences which hinder the highest develclearly before the children. Students Work in Summer opment of personality. Let us -The Mission Field. The Junior College for Women unite in our opposition to war, at Beirut has felt for some time race prejudice, unjust distribu- WESTERN ASIA t hat a further contribution tion of wealth and other social could be made to the life of the inj ustices and try to make this IIDad Pays" in Turkey country by initiating some so- world a better place to live cial project in the villages to be where world brotherhood and Walking 15 to 20 miles, sleep- carried out during the summer Christian ideals will be pracing on hard beds, eating only by college students. The past ticed. bread for breakfast and lunch summer for the first time it was with perhaps s 0 m e soup at possible to accomplish such a "Kindly convey to the Chrisnight, earning 25 cents a day of project. During the year the tian Student Movement in China which 12 goes into food-that is students raised funds which, greetings of the Student Christhe way many of the boys in the with gifts, were used to finance tian Association of In d i a, American School at Talas, Tur- Burma and Ceylon." key, get an education. When a summer vacation school in the the father can find work he Metawali village of Bint Jubail -Christian Advocate. makes about 25 cents daily-a in the Sidon field. The school laborer's pay. This just about combined the features of a Changing India feeds the family. If the son's Daily Vacation Bible School and books cost 75 cents-well, it a health school. Several girls The unique, unparalleled opmeans the student is pretty con- volunteered their services as portunity that now confronts tinually on the edge of hunger. teachers. The village chosen for the Christian forces at work in Of course, there are some well India is the natural fruition of dressed boys in the school who the work has a primary school a century and a half of work. loaf through the summer. They of sorts for boys, but no educado not know what an education tional facilities for girls. Sani- In places where ten years ago costs, says the Rev. Paul E. Nil- tary conditions are unbelievably the mention of the name of son, any more than many lads Christ in a public gathering in America who go to school or bad. The life of the women is brought forth hisses, now men college-and "Dad pays." little better than that of the and women sit by the hour, rev- beasts of burden. erently listening to the frankest presentation of His message. The program of the school in- Jesus Christ has proven Him- Refugees in Syria cluded a Bible period, hygiene self to thousands who have and reading lessons, a song made the vital discovery of His Although it is fourteen years hour, supervised play and some power through self-surrender.

since the World War ended and handicraft. A I tho ugh four Men and women all over India great numbers of Armenians weeks was but a short time, the are, in these days of change and were driven into Syria, thou- mothers' pride in their clean agitation, faced with new spir- sands are still living in camps. and shining children was grati- itual needs and are realizing the About 30,000 depend on casual fying to see. The project served inadequacy of the old sources of labor; about 15,000 depend on two important ends. It brought power. For all classes Christ charity. In the Beirut area some of the Syrian girls into appears increasingly as the one alone are 25,000 refugees, the contact with the needs in their hopeful source of light and life.

cam p population being esti- country, and it began a worth Mass movements which sev- mated at 15,000, living upon an while work in Bint Jubail. enty-five years ago began among area of a fourth of one square -Syria News Quarterly. the depressed classes of central

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

southern India, in spite of the Prison-gate homes, women's homes, been reached that is acceptable resentment of high caste Brah- and beggars' homes are all meeting a to all parties. The British commins, have now stretched their need. Naval and military homes pro- munal reward gives the "Un~ power right up through to the vide a "home away from home" for touchables" separate electorates many men of the Empire on duty. top of the social structure. Within the last ten years, fully Scripture portions and sacred songs and representation. They are ten thousand high caste Brah- have been translated by Army officers given a voice in the Government mins have come into the Chris- who are excellent linguists. but not as a part of the general electorate. -Indian Witness.

tian Church and other thou- Mysore City Occupied SIAM sands press forward for teach- ing. An early missionary to The Ceylon and India General Siamese IIPoreign" Missionaries India said that he would as soon Mission has added Mr. and Mrs. expect to see the sun stand as to Neilson to the staff of Moslem An ordained Siamese evangelsee a Brahmin become a Chris- workers. They have spent al- ist has gone with his wife and tian. most a year studying Urdu and four young children to settle as otherwise seeking to fit them- foreign missionaries among a The Bible, and particularly selves for the work. They will group that had' sent a call to the New Testament, is being enter Mysore City in January, Pre s b y t e ria n missionaries. read in hundreds of thousands North S i a m Presbytery reof non-Christian Indian homes. where they will endeavor not sponded by ordaining two men There is a vastly larger reading only to catch up the threads of as evangelists. The one, who public in India today than there the abandoned w 0 r k among has gone with his family, will was ten years ago. women, but will begin work teach, preach and baptize while among Mohammedan men. My- his family will open a school for When the Gospel has changed sore City is a strategic center children. The second evangelist the character of their social life, has already completed a five millions of India's sons and for Moslem work. It has a Mos- months' tour of one district. daughters will turn to Christ. lem community of from forty to Already there is a Christian fifty thousand, and from it other Church 6,000,000 strong and larger Moslem communities can CHINA growing steadily. It has a be reached. South India has in standing and pervasive influence utterly disproportionate to all 4,000,000 Mohammedans. The Bible in the Revolution its relatively insignificant size. -Darkness and Light. Very largely because the Bible -GLENN B. OGDEN, of Kas- Moslems Reject New Accord was translated into the vernacu- ganj. The agreement on communal lar a revolution in the Chinese language has taken place. The representation in the proposed Salvation Army, 1882-1932 spread of Scripture teaching has All-India Federation, reached brought about a revolution in In 1882, a small party of by a number of Moslem, Hindu the ancient religions of the land. British Salvation Army work- and Sikh Nationalist leaders, Here is an instance of real revers were appointed to India. was unanimously repudiated by olution. Near the cradle of Aft e r persecution, imprison- the working committee of the China's civilization a group of ment and many discourage- All-India Moslem Conference, peasant Christians are challengments the fifty years just com- the council of the All-India Mos- ing red communism with a manpleted have yielded a victorious lem League and the working ner of life that resembles the harvest. committee of the J amiat-Ulema, early a p 0 s t 0 I i c experiment.

Hundreds of thousands of converts representing the orthodox Mo- They are seeking to be led by the have been led to abandon their super- Holy Spirit; each member of hammedans. A series of resolu- the group is to read, study and stitions and practices, and have be- tions reiterated the loyalty of come earnest Christians and efficient Salvation soldiers. Whole villages the Moslems to the British plan act on the teachings of the Bible. have been converted and heathen temples and household gods have been for the communal award. No vows are taken and no one destroyed. Pandit Malaviya, H i n d u, is asked to come unless he is led by the Spirit. The men work in Salvation has been brought to the champion of the Untouchables, criminal tribes, the most desperate has sought to settle the differ- the fields, tilling and irrigating and degraded criminals of India. ences between the Moslem, the land; the women carryon Farm colonies, land settlements and Hindu and Sikh political fac- domestic duties. The children village banks are helping the indus- tions. are all being educated together, trious to an improved social position. and all join in supporting the The Moslems seem prepared Hospitals and dispensaries are do- ing much for the diseased and dying. to accept the solution of the bright boy or girl for higher Boarding schools and day schools problem proposed by Prime education without questioning Minister MacDonald, "despite whose he may be. So cordial are fitting the young for futures of and so sincere is the atmosphere increased usefulness, both as citizens its defects, as no further prog- and Salvation Army soldiers.

Leper Settlements are prolonging ress toward responsible govern:" in these village communes that life, or alleviating suffering, and bringing hope into the lives of some ment appears possible except on everyone admires the simple that basis." This seems to in- practicability of 0 u r Lord's of the most needy of the world's sorrowing ones. dicate that no agreement has principles. The groups are mul-

tiplying. Their only rule is to Drug Evil Flourishes change i15 less than four thou- read and study the Bible under During recent years the opium sand dollars gold, but considerthe guidance of the Holy Spirit, situation has gone from bad to ing the grade of life in this land and to act according to His lead- worse, due to the disturbed state and comparative money values, ership. They are finding that of the country. War lords must it is worth more than fifteen for themselves the word of God have money to pay their troops, thousand dollars gold in Ameris sufficient to meet their prob- and opium is one of the most ica. This man is a well-to-do lems. They are practicing a profitable crops on earth. The merchant of Yaowan, an outcommunism not of taking but of Chinese doctor, Wu Rien Teh, station. giving, not of force but of love. an expert on this question, esti- mated the production of native He was baptized twelve years -Christian Advocate. opium in all China in 1930 to ago. For years he has had daily be 12,000 tons, an enormous family prayers. The employees New Chinese Hymnal quantity. Opium, morphia and in his shop are present at this heroin are mostly manufactured daily service and are taught the Six denominations are coop- in Europe, smuggled on board great truths of the Gospel. A erating to produce a hymnal to ship, and conveyed to the Far number of them have been won be used in common by the Chris- East. They are sold chiefly by to Christ and have been baptians of China. They are the unprincipled foreigners who are tized. His is the only large shop Methodist Episcopal Church, the protected by extraterritoriality. in Yaowan that is closed on Sun- Methodist Episcopal C h u r c h, In 1930 the Chinese Customs in days. It is largely through his South, the Protestant Episcopal Shanghai seized 10,000 ounces contributions that the Yaowan Church, the Baptist Church, the of morphia and 14,000 ounces church, with ninety-four mem- Congregational Church, and the of heroin, probably only a frac- bers, has been able to call a pas- Presbyterian Church. The ~ e tion of the amounts smuggled tor and assume his full support. churches include about 80 per through. In the autumn of that cent of the Christians in China. year on one steamer which ar- -Missionary Survey. At present, each group has its rived at Shanghai from Conown hymnal, comprising about Efforts in West China 2,000 hymns. The task of the stantinople there was discovered Hymnal Committee is to select by the customs officials nearly In addition to the steady adabout 500 suitable hymns for vance among Tibetan tribes in the new collection 200 pounds of heroin, while a West China and among Chi- few days later on another steam- nese and tribespeople in Sze- chwan and Kweichow, there has Cholera Kills 150,000 er they found 1,200 pounds of come to the Christian and Mis- morphia and heroin. It is the sionary Alliance an urgent call In the five months from May most profitable trade on earth, from South China for missionto September 150,000 Chinese and fabulous sums are made by ary reinforcements to aid in the died of cholera, the dread dis- international gangs who manu- evangelization of 3,000,000 ease that has scourged China in facture it secretly in various tribespeople in widely scattered the worst epidemic since 1919. parts of Europe and export it to areas in Kwangsi. Two mis- The epidemic this year was not the East. sionaries and a Chinese preach- unexpected. Dr. J. H. Jordan, The League of Nations Anti- er made an itinerating trip of British Commissioner of Public Narcotic Commission is doing nearly 2,000 Ii (665 miles) with- Health of the Shanghai Interna- its best to root out and destroy out seeing a Gospel chapel. tional Settlement, last winter, this awful trade. Among the Tung tribespeople predicted that the cholera toll in -Evangelical Christian. there is one missionary family for work in an area covering the summer would be heavy. Land Given for Church more than 20,000 square miles. According to Dr. Jordan the dis- In French Indo-China, in spite ease runs in cycles. Not long ago Mr. Liang Chin of shortage of funds, mission- Chen presented to Kiang-pei aries plan to go forward with The estimate of 150,000 deaths Presbytery a tract of goo d renewed effort. this year is considered conservative. It is believed that at least farm land worth fifteen thou- -Alliance Weekly. 500,000 Chinese throughout the sand dollars, Mexican, to be used country contracted the fever, for the Lord's work. He says Effective Testimony and that the mortality rate was that this land is given wholly to at least 30 per cent. In some the Lord Jesus Christ for use A deaf and dumb man who areas the mortality was reported by His Church, and stipulates can read and write a little wrote as virtually 100 per cent. It is that the presbytery shall see to five sentences in large characpossible that nearer 250,000 it that the whole income from ters, and by means of motions persons were swept away the gift shall always be used for and facial expressions explains through this cause, but statis- the glory of God and the salva- each sentence as he points to it: tics in China are nebulous. The tion of men through the redemp- I have no sin; Shanghai International Settle- tion of Jesus Christ. Fifteen I do not worship idols; Jesus is my Saviour; ment suffered a lighter toll than thousand dollars, Mexican, at On earth I am dumb; in past epidemics. In heaven I shall speak. the present abnormally high ex-

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

JAPAN-CHOSEN lem. What will be the future holing individuals, and "fishing"

Rural Work Among Farmers of Japan if this state of affairs for invitations to their villages. is allowed to continue for any This year for the last twelve Rev. S. M. Erickson, Presby- length of time? What it is to Sundays I have been out in the terian missionary in Kagawa go without a meal, every adult country among the churches Province, writes of his field knows. If proper food is neces- continuously. In a Ford car we which comprises 92 and the 182 sary for adults, it is more so for can go out 30 miles, baptize, districts in this province. Most children. Poor food will hamper preach, hold communions and of the people are farmers, and the growth, both physical and other meetings for four hours in according to an American news- spiritual, of children. For edu- one place; then we go on to anpaperman visiting Kagawa, are cation to be effective, school other church ten miles away fifty years behind Tokyo. There children should be in proper and do it all over again. It was is very little public opinion. The physical condition. Education not so thirty years ago.

local Buddhist and S h i n t 0 does nothing for underfed chil- -CHARLES ALLEN CLARK, priests are, as a rule, of course, dren. There is talk of improv- in Presbyterian Banner.

anti-Christian. Often the school ing educational methods. Imteachers are also opposed to proved methods will not help Developing Future Leaders Christianity. The young people while the children are suffering Union Christian Coli e g e, from undernourishment." Pyengyang, Korea, is under conhave very few places for clean amusement. 0 n e missionary Roman Catholic Statistics trol of the five Presbyterian misgives his time to work with sions at work in that country. school children. He has a motor According to the latest statis- Of the 171 students enrolled in car and takes his native helper tics there were in 1931 in all the Liberal Arts and Agriculwith him. They take their places Japan 96,323 Roman Catholics. tural departments, 140 are bapin the road near the school at More than half of this number is tized church members. They noon recess and give the chil- in the diocese of Nagasaki. come from 29 middle schools in dren tracts. Sometimes a large There are 198 missionaries and twelve of the thirteen provinces. number of children will linger; 63 native priests. There are Nine of this year's 22 graduates these are taught a Bible verse 224 students now in the semi- entered the theological semiand a Christian song which is naries. In the mission brother- nary; four entered universities; printed on the tracts. They are hoods there are 116 natives and five are teaching and the others told that if they are interested 230 native sisters. they may send a post card to the are in business. The graduates missionary's home, and that he -Die Katkolischen Mis- of the college total 251, of whom will send them more reading sionen. 35 are ministers of the Gospel matter. Over two thousand chil- and evangelists; 54 theological dren have forwarded cards. Thirty Years Growth in Korea and university students; 67 are principals, professors and teach- Good results have followed Thirty years ago, when we ers; 68 in other professions; village work and a few have landed in Korea, there were but nine are farmers and 18 are debeen baptized. Several groups 5,796 communicants in all of the ceased. have been formed for Bible Presbyterian churches of the reading.-Missionary Herald. country. Last year there were Daily contact in classroom 94,728. The infant church has and laboratory, in chapel and Starving Children grown to 20 times the size in extracurricular activities, and in personal interviews g i v e s one generation. The Ministry of Education There was not one elder in all great opportunities to missionfixes the number of underfed Korea when we landed. Today aries in multiplying their efforts Japanese children of school age there are 2,120. Only one short manyfold in the developing of as 200,000, but a Tokyo daily two months' session of the theo- strong Christian character. The thinks the number is far in ex- logical seminary had been held 18 city churches and the near-by cess of this. The Nicki-Nicki in 1902. Since then we have non-Christian villages furnish a cites a government report to the graduated about 600 men, and field in which most of these stueffect that the more fortunate 429 are still in active service as dents are working as Sundayof the school children in the pastors. school teachers, C. E. leaders, island eat dumplings and Indian When I first took charge of night school teachers and piocorn for lunch, and that many the territory east of Seoul, there neer group directors. children cannot attend school were only three Presbyterian -C. F. BERNHEISEL.

because their parents are too churches in my territory, which For Neglected Children poor to provide food for them. was 50 miles wide and went 200 The paper points out: miles to the sea. The only way For street waifs, and down "The poor physical condition to establish churches then was and outers unable to attend of school children is a serious to "walk the five-day markets'" school, Pioneer Clubs were orproblem. It is not one for the with the peddlers, spreading out ganized in Pyengyang a few Ministry of Education alone to our books along wit h their years ago, and have been maintackle. It is a national proh- wares, preaching and button- tained successfully. What they

have done for these children of ligion. In nature what is an- talks with staff members about disadvantage can never be esti- cient and decayed retreats be- personal matters; attending vol- mated. Revival meetings have fore pitiless youth. In spiritual untary classes to discuss the been held. An annual song and life the position is the same. To Bible, the church or Christian story contest was held for three isolate Bali from the cultural work. A Student Union church hours before an assembled mul- life outside is impossible." has grown up, with an average titude. The first class of six has -Dutch News Bureau. attendance of 150, and an out- been graduated and an alumni Quezon Makes Appeal reach program for the com- association organized. Its first munity.

move was to buy tracts and go The Hon. Manuel Quezon, po- -National Christian Counout preaching. Some parents of litical leader of the Philippines, cil Bulletin. poor children have tried to move and reared a Roman Catholic, their homes near enough for issued a ringing evangelistic ap- West Borneo Unreached their children to attend one of peal to his countrymen on his these clubs. fifty-fourth birthday. "It is British North Borneo and precisely in the spirit of Christ, Sarawak have for some years But the police department properly practiced," said he, had missionaries at work. Three thinking that they too closely re- "that humanity will find its sal- years ago Christian Alliance semble schools to be allowed to vation from the menace that missionaries and workers of the continue, the movement will t h rea ten s civilization. Give Chinese For e i g n Missionary have to go forward under an- bread to the hungry, clothe the Union opened several stations other name with an altered pro- naked, practice charity-these along the east coast and at three gram. Henceforth it will be the are simple doctrines, but, if fol- points have penetrated the in- Children's Bible S c h 001 of lowed, will give us the desired terior; but along the west coast Korea, and all teaching will be remedy. The Philippines is a the only agency, the Methodist centered upon the Bible itself. Christian nation and if our peo- Mission, had to retrench and a ple follow the path of the Man few years ago retired complete- -Korea Mission Field. of Galilee, they need feel no con- ly. Mr. and Mrs. J. G. Bren- cern for the future. Let him nan are carrying on the only ISLANDS OF THE PACIFIC who has much give generously Protestant work in West Bor- to the needy. Let him who is neo. Since their arrival five In the Isle of Bali first be the last. This is the years ago they have led 800 spirit of Christianity and this Dyaks to Christ, and this in the The island of Bali, East In- spirit should be the corner stone face of government opposition, dian Archipegalo, and well of all institutions. Herein we which was eventually overcome. known to tourists, has a primi- shall find true democracy, real A large portion of this field is tive isolation which is fostered liberty, sincere brotherhood of still untouched. by its Dutch rulers, especially man. Here, too, is the solution in regard to cultural and reli- of labor problems, which are the -Alliance Weekly. gious influence. Recently this problems of our age." attitude has been condemned by New Zealand Methodists the Indian press. The Handels- -Christian Century. blad, of Soerabaja, devotes two Ten years ago the New Zealeading articles to this question, Cebu Christian Center land Methodist Church assumed in which it is argued that the responsibility for missionary gods of Bali are dying gods and Twelve years ago a young work in the Solomon Islands that Bali is waiting for what Filipino ret urn e d from the previously carried on by the Netherlands has to give in the United States full of good ideas Methodist Missionary Society of sphere of religion and culture. and a Christian spirit. He Australasia. Within this time The Nieuws van den Dag, of poured his energy and influence medical work has been devel- Netherlands, India, expresses into a new project, and the Cebu oped, the work of boats and itself still more strongly. A Student Christian Center is the launches has expanded. The leading article in its number of result. From 300 to 500 people number of workers, both native August 4 states that Hinduism utilize the Center, now housed and European, has more than in Bali has become quite petri- in a 50,000 pes 0 building. doubled. Comparative figures fied, that the dewas are dying Thirty-two societies hold regu- supply the story of progress: gods and that there is absolutely no reason why Christian mis- 1922 1932 18 sions should only be admitted to lar business meetings there. European workers … 8 While people wait for their 174 the island when the other reli- Catechists and native gion evidences dec a y. "It meeting to begin, the Director teachers ………. 74 StlBms to us," writes the news- and three church officers talk to Native local preachers 67 140 Native class leaders .. 58 112 paper, "a hyena conception to them about Christ. 142 place Christianity in the posi- On any day young people may Day schools ……… 65 169 tion of only feeling itself at Day school teachers.. 90 6,134 be see n meeting for daily Native members ….. 3,406 home in the churchyards of cul- prayers, or studying, reading Attendants at public ture. This is not the history of magazines, u sin g reference worship ………. 7,870 11,810 Christianity or of any other re- book:;, Bibleg; having intimate -Malaysia Messa.qe.

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Our Missionary Bookshelf Recent Books Reviewed for the Readers' Information : I ~, _ _ _ _ _ _—-,",~——~=,-"==-"""""'~======——————-,"–"-_ _'~'

A Century of Faith. By Rev. Charles the wide range of work and the the Christian ministry. There richness of material it contains. he went through a period of re- L. White, D.D., with an Introduc- tion by President Austen Kennedy They include: ligious doubt but finally entered de Blois. 8 vo. 320 pp. The Jud- the Church of England and be- The Spiritual Conquest of a Conti- gan to work among the poor of son Press. Philadelphia. 1932. London, taking for his motto the nent It is sometimes said that for- BiSrtohcieotfy a National Home Mission "Golden Rule." His health sufeign missions are more interest- The Wise Men of the West fered and he returned to Cam- bridge as a teacher, but in 1904, ing than home missions because The Receding Frontier at the age of thirty-three, felt of the element of romance in The Voices of Past Heroes them. Distance lends enchant- WIinnndiinagnsthe First Americans-the called to go as an Anglican misment to foreign missions,-fa- The Negro at the Door of Oppor- sionary to India to work in the Cambridge mission at Delhi. miliarity breeds contempt for tunity Here he formed an intimate home missions. Evangelism friendship with a Mohammedan If you mean by romance a tale and a Hindu. His sympathies of fiction that has no foundation TBheyeoNndewtheFrNonattiieornal Borders broadened his views, and love, Fraternal and Corporate Relationin fact, then there is no romance manifesting the Spirit of Christ, either in foreign or home mis- ships became the expression of his resions, for they both are founded ligion. He left the mission and A Master Builder of the Denominaon facts and have to do with tre- wit h Samuel Stokes, Brother mendous realities. But, if you In~i~rble Harvests Western and Sad h u Sundar mean by romance that element Singh formed a new order of Yesterday and Tomorrow St. Francis, called the "Brotherof unusual interest that gives hood of the Imitation of Jesus." scope to imagination, that dash Appendix and Index. They went about caring for the of chivalry that stirs admira- sick and poor until the shorttion, that spirit of adventure While Dr. White has written lived order was broken up. For that awakens the heroic within the history of the missionary a year Andrews went to South us, then there is all the romance enterprise of his own denomina- Africa to help the Indian comin home missions that one could tion, including the history of the munity, and there became a desire. American Baptist Home Mis- close friend of Mr. Gandhi. On sion Society, which is celebrat- his return to India he became To realize this, one has but to ing its 100th Anniversary this associated wit h Rabindranath read "A Century of Faith," by year, he has given us also a fund Tagore, the Indian poet and Dr. Charles L. White. This is of information that will be help- member of the Brahma Somaj. a cross section of one hundred ful to all students of home mis- While remaining an Anglican years of home missions as car- sions. In tracing the developried on by the Northern Baptist ments of home missions in one communicant, Andrews gave up Convention, and is a splendid il- g rea t denomination, he has his office as an Anglican priest lustration of the romantic and made a valuable contribution to feeling that he could no longer heroic in home missions. the literature of home missions subscribe to the Thirty-nine Ar- . Dr. White was for many years Ibnoogkenbeeralr.eaNd obtyonelvyesrhyouBldaptthiisst ticles and the Book of Common general secretary of the Board but it should be read by all stu- Prayer. He j 0 in e d Tagore's of Home Missions of the North- dents of home missions. Santiniketan Ashram in Bengal, ern Baptist Church, and for six years president of the Home WILLIAM R. KING. where he is now professor in the Missions Council of which he International University. Was a member for a score of What lOwe to Christ. By C. F. years. He has had unusual op- Here is only the bare skeleton portunity to know home mis- Andrews. 12 mo. 281 pp. $1.50. of Mr. Andrew's experience. sions, having been in the very Abingdon Press. New York. 1932. The flesh and blood and spirit heart of the enterprise for so make up the substance of his many years. Not only does Dr. Here is a notable spiritual life story. It is interesting, White write with wide informa- autobiography of Charles Freer stimulating reading and one tion of his subject, but he writes Andrews. He was born in Eng- cannot fail to admire the man's with a ready pen and beauty of land, the son of a fer v en t spirit even though not always diction. preacher of the "Catholic Apos- tolic Church," founded by Ed- The twenty chapters indicate ward Irving. The son was soundly converted as a lad and in 1890 went to Pembroke Col- lege Cambridge, to prepare for [61 J

convinced by his method of by philosophers and theologians, in is to go into all the world and reasoning. He claims to adhere its popular versions it denotes a fun- preach the Gospel to every creato the "Universal Religion" and damentally human aspiration; to go ture. Not only to the extent to desires to follow Christ wholly. back to the mystery of our origins in which the Church performs her The lack seems to be in his fail- order to discover their first cause, to evangelistic duty will the call ure to see the necessity for a surprise in His work Him who reach every individual of the spiritual rebirth for all, accom- creates, preserves, or destroys all life. race." "The fact that we are panied by a full surrender to All is in all. The source of life is favored with the Gospel should Christ and open confession of one; the multiple comes from the be an incentive to do our utmost Him as Saviour and Lord. sole. What in short characterizes to bring the call to men every- Hinduism is its definitely monothe- where." Asiatic Mythology: A Detailed De- istic tendency under the pantheism of scription and Explanation of the its conceptions. When the Lord's Supper is Mythologies of all the Great Na- presented the discussion is rig- tions of Asia. By J. Hackin, The book is a notable work of idly Lutheran. "No general in- Clement Huart, Raymonde Linos- art; the style is fascinating; vitation should be extended by sier, H. De Wilman-Grabowska, the illustrations superb, and the the pastor to all those who be- Charles Henri Marchal, Henri Mas- index exhaustive. One is be- lieve in the Lord to come to His pero, Serge Eliseev. Introduction wildered in turning the pages table. Only those who believe by Paul-Louis Couchoud. Trans- and studying these extravagant the Lutheran doctrine of the lated from the French by F. M. At- symbolisms, exuberant polythe- real presence should be admit- kinson. 460 pp. $10.00. Crowell. istic pantheons and weird con- ted, in view of Paul's words on New York. 1932. ceptions of the future life which not discerning the Lord's body have kept millions in bondage of (1 Cor. 11: 29). Furthermore, Those who have visited the fear and superstition. In the admission to the Lord's Supper Musee Guimet at Paris will presence of Western civilization is an acknowledgment of unity know that it is incomparable as and education, not to speak of in the faith; and this does not a museum of religions. The edi- Christian influence, man y of exist in the case of those who tor of this book is the keeper or these wild and weird supersti- reject the Lutheran doctrine." director of this Museum and the tions are becoming things of the fifteen plates in color, together past. We must not forget, as CLELAND B. McAFEE. with three hundred and fifty- this volume tells us, that "alfour illustrations, are evidence though Buddhism was born on Gospel Dawn in Africa. By H. Beiderof the wealth of material at his the banks of the Ganges, it was becke, formerly Missionary to the on the banks of the Ganges that Herero, Southwest Africa, 1871disposal. it was most rapidly forgotten." 1881. Translation from German by The book does not present a Dr. E. F. Bachmann. Illustrated. S. M. ZWEMER. 8 vo. 183 pp. $1.25. Book Constudy of religions from a Chris- cern. Columbus, Ohio. 1932. tian viewpoint. It has been pre- The Christian Faith-A System of pared from the standpoint of Christian Dogmatics. By Joseph This small volume is an atphilosophy and science and not Stump, D.D., President of North- tempt to give the reader a of evangelical Christianity. This western Lutheran Theological Sem- glimpse of the history of modhas advantages for the student inary. 8 vo. 463 pp. $4.00. ~ac­ ern missions in the Dark Contibut explains the omission of millan. New York. 1932. nent since, under Moravian injudgment on certain aspects of fluence, the first Church was mythology which are degrading. President Stump presents a founded in 1806. There are special chapters on system of Christian theology in the reI i g i 0 u s mythology of Lutheran terms, avoiding wher- The author, starting from a Persia, Kafiristan, Buddhism in ever possible technical language, point in West Africa on Mount India, China, and Japan, the using subheadings wisely and Atlas, reviews all the principal Mythology of Hinduism, Lama- thus producing a book suitable missions of the huge continent, ism, and the ancient cults of for textbook or cursory reading. till he stands again on Mount Indo-China and Java. One brief For the most part this volume Atlas. He can only sketch the section is devoted to the myth- would meet approval among work as it began its mighty ology of the Shiahs of Persia, Christians of all connections; struggle with animism (called but the longest chapters deal naturally in s 0 m e points it more com m 0 n I y fetishism), with Hinduism and Buddhism. would be chiefly acceptable to coupled with manism (the ven- The c hap t e r on Brahmanic Lutherans. There is abundant eration or worship of ancesmythology opens with an invo- Scriptural reference and his- tors), and ending with Mohamcation to the Hindu gods and torical data to help the reader medanism, that doughty enemy. the concluding paragraph brings trace the currents of thought The sketch is full of historical us back to the question of the which have produced the opin- value as a handbook to the stuorigin of Hinduism: ions expressed. At s eve r a I dent who wishes to refresh his points the discussion leads to an memory on the progress of In India, as everywhere else, what earnest plea that "it is God's Christian missions. legends and their clumsy fictions try will that the Gospel shall actuto discover and explain is the genesis ally reach every individual. He A leadership has been trained of our humanity, the knowledge of has laid upon the Church the up in South Africa and elsethe phenomena of the universe. If obligation to make the call uni- where to take up the Church or- Hindu mythology has a definitely cos- ganized by Western missionmic character when it is interpreted versal in the actual sense. She

OUR MISSIONARY BOOKSHELF

aries. The most remarkable Yellow Rivers. By Herbert Cressy. made in the direction of ridding Illustrated by drawings. 1 mo. 153 fact is that the Church has, in pp. $1.50. Harpers. New York. the world of leprosy through the 1932. all parts of the continent, had influence of the mission to These stories of "adventure~ little difficulty, except in the in a Chinese Parish" present a lepers setting an example to the fascinating revelation of Chimatter of c h u r c h discipline nese life and the Chinese mind. governments of all nations. The There are personal stories of where the members and some of soldiers and statesmen, of rob- reader of this book leaves it ber bands and rival clans, which the leaders are now working show in realistic pictures the with a clear understanding of conflict between the old and the under the "Ethiopian Church" new during this transition pe- the way in which the spirit of riod. slogan which demands a church the Christ, who said, "Cleanse Mr. Cressy is an American ruled entirely by the African. Baptist missionary who has the lepers," has been the main- lived in China for twenty years. The writer calls attention to He reveals a clear understand- spring of the movement which ing of the people and their proboutstanding successful missions, lems and a deep sympathy with has brought to pass these en- them in their struggles. His the rapid progress in We s t realistic stories are well told and couraging and desperately need- are adapted for reading circles Africa, in the Cameroons and and mission study groups. They ed changes. bring us into closer understandthe transformation of the Bel- ing of the Chinese mind and in- Miss Tin lin g graphically tracacies of missionary work. gian Congo and Angola; the Read about Sun Bei En and "An shows how the spirit of hope Inauspicious Beginning"; "The South Africa success, and rapid Barber and Forty Good-for- with which this seemingly hope- Nothings"; the Foreign Shepincrease in numbers of converts herd and "The Eye of the East" ; less problem has been shot Yin Fang and "A Question of in the Cape Provinces, among the Face"; Little Yang and "The through can become a realiza- Power of Darkness." Hottentots, Kaffirs, Hereroes, tion only as the work is multi- Hope for the Leper-A Present-day Zulus and others and in the East Solution ()f an Ancient Problem. plied a thousandfold and ex- By Christine I. Tinling. Foreword Africa zone, especially embrac- by Wm. M. Danner. 12 mo. 60 tended where the need is still cents. Revell. New York. 1932. ing large groups of Christians in appallingly great. The book is A good picture must present Nyasaland, Tanganyika, Kenya, contrasts of light and shade. a challenge for every follower With offsetting somber tones Uganda and Madagascar. highlights are seen at their best. of Christ. LOIS DANNER. For this reason the author of The North Africa work meets "Hope for the Leper" is justi- Sons. By Pearl Buck. 8 vo. 467 fied in presenting in her opening pp. $2.50. John Day Co. New the problem of African Moham- chapters a picture of leprosy York. 1932. conditions that are now fortumedanism. Here Christianity nately forever past. Her main This sequel to "Good Earth" theme is one of hope. She tells presents a realistic picture of meets the fast closed doors of of the thrilling pro g res s the development and activities achieved by medical science in of a Chinese bandit of the better fanaticism and religious tradi- checking and even apparently class. In this respect it is a dis- curing the disease. She tells of tinct help to our understanding tions of more than a thousand the victorious lives of lepers who have come into contact of China. The story is told in the years. with the Christian Gospel of same clear pure English and its love. She describes the work The s tat i s tic s scattered and the recreation, the surpris- characters are well drawn as in ingly cheerful and natural ex-" the previous story, but its movethroughout the book at the close istence which is made possible ment is slow and unnecessarily in the modern leper hospitaL prolonged. There is also an apof every mission story break in She sets forth the progress parent lack of knowledge and on the text so as to detract from appreciation of the higher type the continuity of interest. These of Chinese. One would never might have been assembled at guess from these two books that any noble characters exist in the close of the history, so that China-all presented in these books are sordid and low. Nor those interested in the numeri- is there the slightest hint that there are any Christ(ans in cal progress might study them China though so me 400,000 with care. L. B. WOLF. Protestants and twice as many Roman Catholics are scattered Seeing Ourselves Through Russia. through the eighteen provinces. Edited by Henry T. Hodgkin. 110 But to our mind the greatest pp. $1.25. Ray Long and Richard fault in the novel is the offense R. Smith. New York. to good taste in some of the scenes depicted. Not only are While giving important facts regarding Russia, the special these scenes sordid-which is to feature of this book is its dis- be expected-but the author's cussion of the problems of descriptions are unnecessarily America and Great Britain and detailed and show a lack of good what the Russian Soviet experi- taste which seems to us inexcusment offers toward their solution. The material is adapted able in any refined woman, and to private and group study, especially in a Christian.

with bibliographical references in connection with each chapter and, at the end of the book, an appendix with questions for review, and a good index. The discussion is thoughtful, judicious and suggestive, as is everything from the pen of this able missionary leader. A. J. B.

to Remember Woman's Board of Missions and the Southern Baptist Foreign

American Board, has resigned, and Board, and is now directing the January 1-7-Universal Wee k of plans to devote her time to the cause Every-Member Canvass. Prayer. of missions by personal service rather than in an official capacity. After January 5-February 16, 1933-Rural her graduation from Mt. Holyoke Christian Workers' Conference. College and some years as secretary Scarritt CoIl e g e for Christian of a Y. W. C. A., Miss Calder be- Obituary Notes Workers, Nashville, Tenn. came secretary of the Young Peo- January 9-11-Annual Home Missions ple's Department of the American Conference. Briarcliff Manor, New Board in 1905. Later she rendered Rai Bahadur ·M. L. Rallia Ram York. conspicuous service as Home Sec- died September 25 at Gurdaspnr, • retary. Punjab, India. He was the eldest son January 17-20-Cause and Cure of •• of Babu Rallia Ram, convert from War Conference. Washington, D. C. The Rev. Ernest W. Riggs, for ten . Hinduism in the early seventies. M. years one of the foreign secretaries L. Rallia Ram may be called the pio- January 23-February 18-C 0 r nell of the American Board, has resigned, neer Indian Christian nationalist. He School for Missionaries. Cornell but hopes to continue his missionary was closely identified with the Reli- University, Ithaca, N. Y. service either on the field or at home. gious Book Society, the National Mis- Mr. Riggs, the son of the late Dr. sionary Society and the Y. M. C. A. February 12-Race Relations Sunday. • • • Riggs of Turkey, was president: of March 3-World Day of Prayer. Euphrates College, Harpoot, from Florida Chain ot Mission"" 1910 to 1915, where he had been an. Assemblus The Rev. William A. Backenatoe, M.D., was born at Emaus, Pennsyl- January I4-18-Jacksonville: First vania, and died in South Africa on Presbyterian Church. instructor since 1904. By his unself- the 16th of October, aged sixty-one ish devotion and effective service Mr. years. Nearly thirty years were spent January 18-20-Winter Haven: First Riggs has ~eatly endeared himself in medical miSSionary work. UDder Presbyterian Church. to missionarIes and to workers at the the General Missionary Board of the • home base. Free Methodist Church of North January 21-26-Miami: First Baptist •• America. Ebenezer Rest Home, in Church. The Rev. William H. Matthews, D.D., has recently completed ten Natal, a nurses' training school for January 25-27-West Palm Beach: years of service as General Secretary African young women and a baby First Methodist at West Palm of the American Tract Society. Dur- welfare clinic were under the care of Beach. ing this period, a current indebted- this faithful missionary. Dr. Back- ness of $60,000 has been wiped out, enstoe was a licentiate of the Royal January 28-February 1-St. Peters- and the amount donated to the S0- College of Physicians and Surgeons burg: First Congregational Church. ciety has more than doubled; and the of Edinburgh and of the Royal Fac- output of Christian literature has ulty of Physicians and Surgeons of January Z9-February I-Tampa: First been increased from 2,170,925 pieces Glasgow and a fellow of the Ameri- Baptist Church. to 4,647,295. • • • can Medical Association.

February 1-3-Clearwater: Peace Me- Dr. Edward M. Haymaker, long as- PRAYER FOR PEACE morial Church. sociated with Presbyterian Missions in Guatemala, having reached the age February 4-8-0rlando: First Pres- of threescore years and ten, will be Eternal God, Father of all souls: brterian Church. DeLand: Meth- odist Episcopal Church. honorably retired on March 81. Grant unto us such clear vision of the ••• sin of war Mrs. May Leonard Woodruff, iden- That we may earnestly seek that c0- tified with Methodist Home Mission work for more than a quarter of a operation between nations century, has filled various executive Which alone can make war impos- positions and has visited almost every sible.

Personal Items institution maintained by the Wom- an's Home Missionary Society. Since Dr. L. B. Wolf, for fifty years as- her retirement from executive duties Arouse in the whole body of the pe0lOCiated with the foreign missionary Mrs. Woodrufl' continues her public ple an adventurous willingness, speaking on missions. As they sacrificed greatly for war, work of the American Lutheran ••• So, also, for international good will, Church and for twenty-four years Miss Irene Sheppard, a secretary To dare bravely, think wisely, decide General Secretary of the Foreign Board of the General Synod and of of the Presbyterian Board of Foreign resolutely Missions, has sailed for South Amerthe United Lutheran .Church in ica to visit Presbyterian mission sta- And to achieve triumphantly. Amen. America is retiring from that serv- tions in Colombia and Venezuela. -Harry Emerson Fosdick.

Ice on july 1, 1938. Dr. Wolf was Miss Sheppard corresponds with mis- !!fduated from. Gettysburg Theologiwu Seminary and went to Guntur, sionaries in 12 stations in West Indl!, as a missionary of the Luther- Africa and 25 stations in six coun- tries of Latin America. For ten years an ueneral Synod in 1888. After she was a Y. W. C. A. secretary in ~ty'flve years of service in India Buenos Aires, Argentina, and in Val- ~~ elected to the office of General ; – -.nIw&ry of the Foreign Board • • • paraiso, Chile. The Rev. Archie Lowell Ryan. for ~!.~) three years later being made =- – Treasurer for five years. After eighteen years a Methodist mission- ary in the Philippine Islands, has anotber visit to India, Dr. Wolf is been elected Business Secretary of ing to rewrite his book, «After the World's Sunday School Associa- tion, succeeding the late Dr. Samuel ~No~ narYYyeeaarrsws,,"o" rtkoenrtoieftclointrhgdethiteLuf"othAreefirtgaennr D. Price. His office will be at 1 Madi- ….urch. son Avenue, New York City. ••• "ia Helen B. Calder, for twenty- • •• Dr. Charles E. Maddrey has been ……. years an able executive of the elected Executive Secretary of the

THE MOSLEM

SAMUEL M. ZWEMER, Editor SOME ARTICLES IN THE JANUARY NUMBER: Whither 1.lam? ……..•.•…•.•….•….•.••••••••..•… Dunc:.nB. Macdonald •• 1.lam a Gristian Heresy? •……….••.••••••••••••••.••••.. D. S. Margoliouth AI·Ghiza'l on the Pre.ence of God ..•…..•••••••••••.•••••..•…Mergalet Smith Turlcey D'I.cover. the Koran …………..•.•••••.•.•••••••.. F. Lyman MacCallum 1.lam and Modern Educ:.tion …… ' …………………………. Annie E. Fox A Literacy Campaign Among. the Moro•…•.••••..••••••.•••••…. Franle Laubach The Creed of AI·Sanu.1. ……………………… , ………. Fredericle J. Barny. Mary Jane Lovell•••"Mother of the Blind" …..•••••••••… , .•••…'. Adele DJe.h The Law of Freedom (A Dialogue) …………•.••.•.•.•………Jen. Christensen From Marauder to Mystic ……. '…………………………… Pier,e C,abita Current Topics ..,…. Boole Review.,……Survey of Periodical. '

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