The Missionary Review of the World — September 1938

SEPTEM8~

The Crisis-Looking Toward Madras Paul W. Harrison With Tibetans at the Crossroads E. B. Steiner Some Problems of a Midwest City L. Merle Rymph '

Why I Believe in Jesus Christ Chiang Kai..shek The Story of Meshed, The Sacred City Dwight M. Donaldson , The Modern Challenge to Christianity William Paton The Sunday Schools Over the World .

Robert M. Hopkins Practical Value of Missions to Pastors Archibald G. Adams 25 Cents a Copy $2.50 a Yea,.

I Church Management

For 1938 and 1939 IF YOU are considering the A Preaching and Worship Manual for the Year publication of a book, pamphlet, or tract, why not PRICE POSTPAID. $1.00 let us make it for you? Our facilities are most modem, (A full credit coupon in each book gives you a $1.00 and our location is at the credit on a Bubscription to "Church Management") "heart of distribution." Estimates on your particular re- ADDRESS quirements, with expert counsel, will be gladly fur- CHURCH MANAGEMENT nished on request. Auditorium Building Cleveland. Ohio e~ 8~ October 5 to 12-United Lutheran Obituary Notes p~ Church in America, Biennial Con- vention, Baltimore, Md. Dr. ~vi~on D. Lord, for over fifty years pastor of the First Baptist EFFECTIVE PRINTING AT October 6 to ll-International GOOd- church of Williamsburg, Brooklyn, N. ECONOMICAL PRICES Y., the president of the American will Congress. Palaee Hotel, San Baptist Home Mission Society and re- The Evangelical Pre•• Francisco, Calif. cording secretary of the Federal October 9 to II-Home Missions Council of Churches of Christ in Jr_-.,. 2'1oe"""s"-i"e"u0I/0 / . For14 Conference. Bu1falo, N. Y. America, died in Brooklyn, on July October 14 to 20-American Luther- Third and Reily St…. an Church, Biennial Convention, 18th at the age of seventy-nine. Dr. H.rri.J,urg, Pennaylv.nia Sandusky, .ohio. Lord was born in Hillsdale, Michigan, October 20-Baltimore, Md., Insti- and was graduated from Union The- tute for Church Women. Mrs: ological Seminary fifty-five years ago. Bruce H. McDonald, 616 West Fay- He was instrumental in effecting the ette Street, Baltimore, Md. union of the Free Bapti8t Church, of October 23 to 2~Home Missions which he was a member. with the D.e. to Remember Conference. Cleveland, .ohio. • • Northern Bapti8t Convention in 1911. October 30 to Nov. I-Home Mi8- September 11 to 13-Italian Baptist 8ions Conference. Kansas City, Mo. • Convention o;f America. Cleveland. Dr. Lemuel Call Barnel, formerly THE PRESBYTERIAn secretary of the Department of Eng~ September 26-Home Missions Con- lish-speaking Mis8ions and Indian ference. St. Louis, Mo. • The only weekly in the Work of the American Baptist Home Presbyterian Church. Mission Society, died in Yonkers, N. September 11 to 16-International Y., on July 18th at eighty-three years Convention of the Disciples of • Its message is based upon of age. Dr. Barnes was born in Kirk- Christ. Denver, Colo. the Revealed Word. of God. land, .ohio, was graduated from Kal- amazoo College, Michigan, in 1876 September 19 to 30 (tentative)- • Goes into every state in and from Newton TheoloJieal Sem- School of Missions. Mrs. Mitchell, the Union, U. S. possessiOns inary in 1878. After servIng pastor- Langdon, Tex. and many foreign countries. ates in St. Paul, Pittsburgh, Newton Center and Worcester, he became the September 21 to 28-General Council, Subscription rate – $2.50 eftlclent field 8ecretary of the Amer- United Church of Canada, Toronto, Ministerial rate – – $2.00 ican Baptist Home Mi..ion Society Canada. from 1907 to 1917. He was the author SOc. extra–Canadian postage of 8everal volume8, including "Two September 26 to 30-Southern Cali- $1.50 extra– Foreign postage Thousand Years of Mission8 Before fornia (Los Angeles) School of Carey" and "Baptist Work Among Mission Study. Mrs. H. M. Horn, THE PRESBYTERKIn American Indiana." His widow, Mary 1811 Huntington Drive, South Pas- Clark Barnes, survives her husband adena, Cal. 121 7 Market Street after nearly sixty years of married Philadelphia. P •• life. September 27 to. 21i'-A Second In- ••• terdenominational Women's Insti- Dr. Paul Rader, the well-known tute is to be held in the McCormick "cowboy evangelist," fonuerly pastor Memorial Y. W. C. A., Chicago. of the Moody Memorial church in Chi- Dr. T. H. P. Sailer, Dr. Arthur E. cago, (1914-1921), died in Hollywood, Holt, Prof. Samuel Kincheloe, Mrs. California, on July 19th, at the age E. E. McClintock and Miss Esther of 68 years. He was born in Denver, McRuer will be the leaders. Dr. H. Colorado, and in early youth was a cowboy. His father, Rev. Daniel L. —–Paul Douglass will conduct a semi- Rader, was a Methodi8t minister and nar on church unity and Dr. E. K. Paul became interested in evangelism Higdon, formerly of the Philip- at the age of thirty-one. He began pines, will conduct a seminar on preaching on street corners in Pitts- the Madras Conference. Dr. Sam burgh and afterwards he fllied pas- Higginbottom will speak at an eve- (CO'1/eltuled on pa,ge 887.) ning mass meeting.

October 4 to ~Warren, .ohio, School of Mi8sions. Mrs. George Konold, 814 Scott Street, N. E., Warren, .ohio.

and because O'f the fine print-

THE MISSIONARY ing, paper and pictures used to' illus- REVIEW OF THE WORLD trate its articles."

DBLAVAN L. PIBBSON, BcUtor (2) "THE REVIEW gives a gO'O'd ac- cO'unt O'f different fields O'f missiO'nary VOL. LXI SEPT., 1938 No.9 wO'rk. I vO'te this as the best when Publication and Business omce– Third and Reily Sts., Harrisburg, Pa. cO'mpared with all O'ther missiO'nary Editorial and Executive omce– magazines. I like the way in which 156 Fifth Avenue, New York CltT. it handles each subject." . ~ Entered as second-class matter at (3) "THE REVIEW is a magazine;bf Post Omce, Harrisburg, Pa., under Act of March 3, 1879. the three-star variety. All the main 25 cents a copy-$2.50' a year. articles are O'f timely interest. This Foreign Postage, 50' cents a Tear. Published monthlT, except August. interdenO'minatiO'nal REVIEW gives an All rights reserved. Copyrighted 1937. British agents – Marshall, Morgan unbiased view O'f the great issues at· and Scott, 12 Paternoster Buildings, stake." . London, E. C. 1 shilling per copy, 10' shillings a year. (4) "I place THE REVIEW first MISSIONARY REVIEW PUB- amO'ng missiO'nary magazines. The LISHING CO., INC. department of Wa.ys of Working is BOARD OF DIRECTORS ROIIERT E. SPBER, Prellidcmt an effective feature fO'r the far- A. L. W ABNSHl1IS, ViC7e-Praridmt WALTER McDoUGALL, Treasurer sighted pastO'r. The World-Wide Out- DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Secretof'll look is alsO' far abO've all O'thers in giving wO'rld news. The magazine is PAUL J. BRAlSTED SAMUEL McCREA CAVlIlRT evangelical withO'ut being narrow." D. J. FANT MRS. ORRIN R. JunD Personal Items Malwa-the Great Temple WM. B. LIPPHARD ERIC M. NORTH Miss Anna Belle Stewart, for many When Ihe good wOl'k SAMUBL M. ZWBMBll years a very effective missiO'n wO'rker calls you Basi … sail Editorial Chat among the mO'untaineers O'f the SO'uth, is retiring frO'm active service under p&O Since nO' August number O'f THE REVIEW was published both July and the Presbyterian BO'ard O'f NatiO'nal 1938 begins a second century of P & 0 September issues are enlarged in size. service to the lands beyond Suez! When- If the subscribers will nO'te this it will MissiO'ns, having reached the age ever you are called to the other side of save extra cO'rresPO'ndence. the world, choose this traditional route. limit. Miss Stewart did a remarkable Cross to England by Cunard White Star Our October number O'f THE RE- ••. and then embark in a great liner of VIEW will be devO'ted to' India, the fO'r- wO'rk at ColcO'rd, West Virginia, and the P & 0 and British India fleets, led eign missiO'n study subject fO'r the by the new 23,SOO·ton Stratheden and cO'ming year, and a large number O'f fO'r the last few years has been pi- Strathallan, featuring air- conditioned very valuable and interesting subjects O'neering in the Smyrna CO'mmunity dining saloons in first class, hot and cold are in view. The main tO'pics and au- running water throughout, built·in outthO'rs are nO'ted O'n the third cO'ver O'f Center, Byrdstown, Tennessee. Her of·door swimming pools, children's playthis issue. These include articles by rooms! Regular service to Egypt, Sudan, outstanding authO'rities, bO'th Indian wO'rk is to' be taken up by Grace Jus- Persian Gulf, India, Burma, Ceylon, and fO'reign. Straits Settlements, China, Japan, Aus- tice, whO' has been associated with tralia, East and South Africa, Mauritius. *** Special reductions and generous bag- Miss Stewart as a vO'lunteer, and has gage allowance for missionaries. N O'W is the time to' O'rder quantities O'f this issue O'f THE REVIEW in O'rder shO'wn the ability, understanding and Convenient through bookings can be arto' take advantage O'f the special price ranged by your travel agent or any office of and to' avO'id the danger O'f waiting Christlike spirit that fit her fO'r this until the editiO'n is exhausted. CUNARD WHITE STAR LINE resPO'nsibility. *** General Agents Dr. E. Stan*ley*Jon*es O'f India, will Pastors and professors of missionll 25 Broadway and 638 Fifth Avenue, N. Y. in theO'IO'gical seminaries will be espe- address a meeting O'pen to' all mincially interested in the article in the present number O'n "The Practical isters in Marble CO'llegiate church, Value O'f MissiO'ns," by ProfessO'r Archibald G. Adams O'f Temple Uni- New YO'rk, at 10: 30 a. m., MO'nday, versity. In a persO'nal letter to' the EditO'r, PrO'fessO'r Adams quotes the September 26. He will participate in O'piniO'ns O'f many O'f his students as to' the interest and value of THE RE- the University Christian MissiO'n VIEW in keeping them in touch with wO'rld events and in helping them to' which will be cO'nducted this autumn educate their people and to' prepare at 14 American cO'lleges and univermissiO'nary sermO'ns and addresses. AmO'ng these O'piniO'ns O'f theO'IO'gical sities. •*• students are the fO'llO'wing (stated in substance fO'r brevity) : Dr. Douglas Horton, minister O'f Hyde Park CO'ngregatiO'nal church, (1) "THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF ChicagO', has been elected secretary O'f THE WORLD is rated high because O'f the General CO'uncil O'f the CO'ngregaits cO'ntent which is O'f wO'rld-wide tiO'nal and Christian Churches to' suc- ceed Dr. Charles EmersO'n BurtO'n, retired. Dr. HO'rtO'n was educated at PrincetO'n, Edinburgh and OxfO'rd Universities; has served as chaplain in the U. S. Navy, trustee O'f the American University in CairO' and at- tended many internatiO'nal cO'nfer- ences.

*** Capt. Ellis Skolfield, O'f the GO'spel Ship in the Philippine Islands, whO'

has been in America because of the ill health O'f his sO'n, has nO'w returned to' the SO'uth Seas to' cO'mplete plans fO'r taking the ship to' New Guinea and adjacent islands O'f the Dutch East Indies, as a preliminary to' O'pen- ing a permanent wO'rk there. It is expected that this survey trip will re- (Concluded on page 386.) [385 ]

I Itemi retary to the Board of Foreign Mis- What Shall We Study?

(Concluded from page 385.) sions of the Presbyterian Church, The American City and Its Church U. S. A. He assumed his new office (Kincheloe) presents the missionary quire about three months, after which on July 15, and is in charge of the task as emergent, with our rapidly in- Capt. Skolfield will return to America work in China. creasing urban population, treating to make his report and lay plans for ~!,mn5 the subject vigorously and construc- the future. *** tively. (Cloth, $1.00; paper, 60 cents.) City Man (Sears) is a special edi- Dr. Charles E. Maddry, Executive tion of a recent book that provides Secretary of the Southern Baptist of tbe Foreign Mission Board, who attended valuable supplemental material for the study topic. ($1.50 and 75 cents.) the Baptist Union of Italy in Rome, ctCbrl£ittan Urban Scene (Bro) presents the sailed from England for West Africa city today and its church in striking to visit Southern Baptist work in Ni~1 photographs, maps, pictorial statistics, geria. He expects to be back in Rich- 1Lt ~'f~ brief, gripping statements, etc. Inmond, Virginia, in September. dispensable for groups of all ages.

*** (25 cents.) ell BOOK of worship in song, com….. The foregoi,ng are for adu~t Mr. William Albert Harbison has resigned as treasurer of the American bining a hymnal for general groups. SpeCIal young people s >: Mission to Lepers and is succeeded by books are: Mr. W. Espey Albig, deputy manager A Course for Young People on the of the American Bankers' Association. Church in the City (Geer), which fur- church use and a song book for evan- ~elist. iC ~u'rposes: Onl d song~ • soun *** an the faith and Inspirational an char- nishes a guide to study, discussion, Dr. H. H. Underwood, President of acter included—emphasizing Evangel- worsh!p and. service, is based on The Chosen Christian College, Korea, has ism, Missions, and the Deeper Life. A merwan Ctty and Its Church and been elected President of Severance M any of the new—the best of the old. UrCblt;ttny SScheandeo. ws(25(Sceeanrtlse.)) – a coHec- Medical College, Seoul. At one time, tion of true stories challenging to Dr. O. R. Avison was President of 504 Songs Responsive Readings keenest interest. ($1.00 and 60 cents.) both institutions and under Dr. Underwood's administration these two Topicallndex Gold Embossed Street Corner (Hunting), a reading schools will continue to cooperate. and source book by which juniors ex- Published in round notes and Roxite cloth plore a city ($1.00 and 50 cents.) *** edition only at $65.00 per 100—an especiall~ low price. Single copy, 8Sc postpaid. My Community, My Church and Me Write today for returnable sample copy The Rev. Dr. Lloyd S. Ruland, for (Hallenbeck) is a helpful guide for eleven years pastor of West Presby- CHRISTIAN PUBLICATIONS, Inc. city groups in studying their own com- terian Church in Binghamton, New 1502 NORTH THIRD STREET munities and developing a program of York, has accepted a call to be sec- HARRISBUltG, PA. local service. (35 cents.) HAVE YOU READ?

THE LIFE OF GEORGE BOWEN OF BOMBAY By ROBERT E. SPEER The biography of a remarkable missionary whom the (then) Prince of Wales visited in Bombay at the request of his mother, Queen Victoria.

What some readers say of this book: Robert Speer's "Life of George Bowen of Bombay" is one was so far-sighted and so deep-seeing !-the former because of the richest of missionary biographies. the latter. If one wants to sum up the interests of our DR. J. LOVELL MURRAY, Director of the Canadian School of Missions, Toronto. students today-:-Biblical, social, theological-Bowen is a What a life! He was old enough to know why he went, representative figure. And what a lesson in apparent failure! . . . I ·feel strongly that every student and alumnus of our and bad enough to know the meaning of salvation. One by- Seminary needs this book. What better book to lead them to product of his experience was his wonderful humility-noth- feed on the Bible. One hears so much "vestibule religion"- men pointing to the door and taking their people as far as the ing in the show window and himself in the remote back- threshold, but no opening up of the treasures within the ground. It is inspiring. Father's House. Read the topics of current sermons, and . DR. GEORGE P. PIERSON, formerly of Japan. Bowen's expositions are precisely what Christians need in order We must all be grateful for this revealing of the main- to grow from puerility into spiritual maturity. Here is no springs of Bowen's character, his abiding faith in God, his adolescent, but a man in Christ. This is no volume to be earnest purpose to be a true and faithful follower of Jesus read and dismissed, but to be marked and to be turned to Christ; and his deep-seated conviction that the Gospel of Christ could meet the religious needs of India's people. repeatedly. HENRY SLOANE COFFIN, WILLIAM HAZEN, President of Union Seminary. Missionary in Sho/apur, India. The Memoirs of George Bowen will continue to be for A biography of one of the saintliest figures of the nineteenth century. I could not put the book down. There is a years to come a searching manual of devotion. He has set fascination and a depth in this man's soul which held me in before me an ideal which few could attain; his life is a scathdevout attention. I found myself marking his moving sayings which would serve as starting points for chapel talks. He ing rebuke to our ease, comfort, self-indulgence and inef- ficiency. J. Ross STEVENSON, President Emeritus, Princeton Seminary.

Send $2.50 to-day for your copy of this latest book by Dr. Speer THE MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING CO.

156 Fifth Avenue, New York, N. Y.

[386 ]

Notes bined the supervIsIon of a Boy's The great white Empresses

School with evangelistic trips. Mrs. every speed record to and from (Concluded from .2d cover page.) Derr gave her time to personal evan- the Orient. 10 days direct to gelism, teaching girls' industrial Yokohama by Empress of Asia torates in Boston and Chicago. From classes and training Bible women. or Empress of Russia. Or only 1921 to 1923 he was President of the three days more via Hawaii by Christian and Missionary Alliance *** Empress of Japan, largest and and later was President of W orld- fastest on the Pacific, or Empress Wide Gospel Couriers, a Chicago mis- Miss Lucy H. Dawson, formerly of Canada. Connect at Honolulu sionary society. Mrs. Rader and three from California ports. daughters survive him. General' 'Secretary of the Presbyterian Woman's Board of Home Missions, From Vancouver and Victoria *** died in Baltimore, May. 22, after an to Yokohama, Kobe, Nagasaki, illness of· several years. Her mission- Shanghai, Hong Kong, Manila. Fred S. Goodman, for many years ary service included volunteer work Details from YOUR TRAVEL a member of the International Com- in city missions in Baltimore, re- AGENT or Canadian Pacific.: mittee of the Y. M. C. A. and for ligious work director of the Y. W. 41 offices in U. S. and Canada. some years an invalid, died at his C. A., in the Presbyterian Training home in Monclair, New Jersey, on School for Christian workers, the July 12th at eighty years of age. Mr. Daily Vacation Bible Schools and Goodman was born in Rockport, Illi- various women's missionary organizanois, in 1858 and was graduated from tions. After the consolidation of all Kalamazoo College, Michigan. He en- home mission agencies into the Board tered into Y. M. C. A. work in 1881 of National Missions, Miss Dawson and became associated with the In- became Promotion Secretary for ternational Committee twenty years women's work. later. During the World War he served on the World War Council and THE CITY had charge of the Religious Work Institutes for training those engaged The city-what is a city? in Y. M. C. A. war work. He was A city-that is where both Dives and retired in 1922 and then for ten years was American Secretary of the Wal- Lazarus live. densian Aid Society. He is survived A city-that is where men die of loneby one son, a daughter and eight grandchildren. liness in a crowd. A city -that is the land of plenty *** where men die of starvation. Dr. Charles C. Selden, formerly of A city-that is where a thousand peo- Canton, China, died suddenly in Oberlin, Ohio, June 15. He was an affili- ple live on an acre of ground that ated missionary of the Presbyterian they never see. Board, and devoted his personal for- A city is where thousands live in a tune and his life to work for the in- single block and never know they sane and the blind of China. He never have a neighbor. accepted any salary and lived simply A city is a place where may be seen in order to make conditions easier for both the glitter of vice and the the unfortunates. He retired in 1932. glow of virtue. but continued to live in China until A city is a place where vice centers in last March. sunless spots, and where virtue shines in secluded places. *** A city is all desert for some, all oasis for others. Mr. Walter W. Gethman, General A city is a place which some greet Secretary of the World Committee of with a cheer; others endure with the Y. M. C. A. from 1926 to 1936, tears. died in Geneva, Switzerland, July 8. But a city may not be characterized Mr. Gethman followed his war service in epigram. with the "Y" by founding a Y. M. C. A. in Czechoslovakia. He remained -CHARLES H. SEARS, in the there until taking up his post in Biblical World, October, Geneva. 1916.

*** Wherever the State claims to give Rev. J. H. Cope, American Baptist a theology to its people, or to set a principle of education, or tries to ormissionary to the northern Chin peo- ganize a conscience or impose a myth ple in Burma for thirty years, was upon the people, there you. will find stricken while on tour and died at the ultimate menace to the Christian Haka in the Chin Hills on June 13. Church.-Adolf Keller, G en e v a, Hundreds of converts and many Switzerland. churches organized among the Chins are testimony to the quality of his The fellowship of all the members service. In addition to preaching and of Christ's spiritual Church with one teaching, he translated the New another, overleaps all denominational Testament, Scripture portions and lines and all national boundaries.- Pilgrim's Progress; and also pre- President J. R. Sampey, Louisville, pared hymn books and school texts up Ky. to fourth grade in four dialects of Chin. The problem of more union among the churches of Christendom is not *** one of legislating ourselves together but rather that of the slow process of Mrs. Charles H. Derr, Presbyterian growing together.-T. S. Eliot, Lonmissionary to Chenchow, China, died don. in a sanatorium at La Vina, California on May 12. With her husband [387 ] she went to China in 1904, and located at Chenchow .where Mr. Derr com-

SANG TEACHING IN CHINA TELLING THE GOSPEL STORY IN

A WOMEN'S BIBLE CLASS IN KOREA WITH OVER 1 ,000 MEMBERS A SUNDAY SCHOOL IN NAZARETH, pALESTINE JAPANESE CHILDREN LEARNING OF CHRIST SUNDAY SCHOOL WORK AROUND THE WORLD (Bee arti ole by Robert M. Hopkins, page 402) electronic file created by cafis. org REVIB ORLD VOLUME LXI AN INTERDENOMINATIONAL REVIEW OF WORLD-WIDE CHRISTIAN PROGRESS NUMBER 9 SEPTEMBER, 1'938 Topics of the Times SOME THOUGHTS ON EVANGELISM There must follow guidance as well as training in the practice of devotion (Bible study and The University Preaching Mission has defined prayer) building up a Christian character, and its objective to be "to lead students to faith in finally help to enable the convert to give articulate God through Jesus Christ." If in this definition expression of his new found faith in service to his one were to substitute "men" for "students," one fellow men. Only then is the task of evangelism, might so define evangelism. However, when so so far as the convert is concerned, completed. doing, one should stress the fact that the term Faith without works is dead and of no avail. The "men" as used, refers to all men, male and fe- real test of faith is seen in the effect on a believer male, old and young, Jew and Gentile, black and and in what it impels and enables him to do.

white, agnostic and atheist, Buddhist and Mos- No doubt most people will agree on a basic lem without any exception whatsoever. This em- definition of evangelism and will probably admit phasis is essential in these days, when many its validity. Real difference of opinion arises foster a fellowship of religions, in which all re- when the question of methods of evangelism is ligions are more or less placed on a par, and who considered. Billy Sunday's high-pressure meththerefore protest against efforts to evangelize ods are not approved by some. The use of Bibmen as unwarranted "proselytism." The initial lical prophecy and scriptural appeal would be task of evangelism is to lead men to faith in God opposed by others; still others would claim sterthrough Jesus Christ. This task is not complete ility for any evangelistic effort that failed to until it has also helped such men to make a full stress personal sin, Christ crucified and redempsurrender to God and to articulate their faith, tion through His sacrifice. first to Him and then to. their fellow men in particular and to society in general. The intense emotionalism of many of the pre- war evangelistic campaigns and revivals are To lead men into faith in God through Jesus largely taboo' today. Such emotionalism is sup- Christ involves what is called conversion. Con- posed not to be in accord with present-day psycerning conversion Rabbi Solomon B. Freehof chology, practice and sophistication, though it is in his book "Stormers of Heaven" says: still used in certain Christian circles and appar- ently with success. No doubt the old revivals did There seems to be a uniqueness in the nature of Chris- often overstress the emotional appeal to the negtian conversion. Judaism is patient discipline, and Chris- lect of the appeal to reason. But today the tianity is sudden deliverance; Judaism is concerned with pendulum seems to have swung to the other exsocial development, Christianity is personal revolution. treme with intellectualism overemphasized al- 'fhere is explosive power in the Christian faith which can most to the complete exclusion of the appeal to the capture the souls of men in the calmest moment of their heart and conscience. True evangelism embodies self-contentment, tear down their spiritual organization, both. However much we may think and seek to and build it upon a new plan. understand God and our relation to Him, such an experience becomes ,articulate in life only when Would that more Christians had such convincing one feels it sufficiently to act. Mere argument faith in the explosive power of their Christian and apologetic, however convincing, rarely confaith! This tearing down of a man's "spiritual verts; invariably it is the Christian witness of a organization and building it upon a new plan," life that brings the'result. to use Freehof's words, is conversion or regeneration; this, is the first step in evangelism.

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Followers of Christ cannot evangelize others As we face the increasing human need in the until they themselves are more completely Chris- wake of wars, racial discrimination, social in- tian. Thus evangelism involves a further re- justice, moral relapse, and economic maladjust- sponsibility; it must include efforts to bring more ment, we are assailed by a sense of futility and Christlike reality into the lives of those already helplessness. What is the use of human efforts, known as Christians. This is of great impor-:- however sincere and energetic the individual may tance. We hear many criticisms of Christianity, be? Here one is forced to rely on God and away but few of Jesus, Christ. Many Jews, even the from dependence on man. As Fritz Beck writes: atheist type, assert that if Christians were more "A man without God, but with a knowledge Christlike, there probably would be no anti-Semi- of present world conditions, must surely despair."

tism, and more Jews would become Christians. At such times as these one realizes our utter de- Very true; but does not such assertion imply a pendence on GqQ and the need of Christ-centered remarkable faith in the power of the person of lives, projected out in service on the battle fronts Jesus Christ to mold lives and to influence human of human needs. Apart from God there is no relationships for good? hope or help for mankind.

One more word! God needs no proving. God One last word. Psychology stresses integra- is whether we are able or not to prove Him. Let tion of personality. That is essential. But inte- us not therefore be overanxious to prove His ex- gration of one's personality within one's environ- I istence by logic and apologetic. Let us not fall ment would seem to be of even greater impor- into the error of believing that God is simply a tance. In our world today, constituted as it is, one satisfying means of explaining an otherwise in- of the most difficult things is to be one's self, that explicable universe. God exists irrespective of is, to be an individual or to maintain one's dis- man's views or understanding of Him. And be- tinctive individuality. Independence of thought cause God is, I am. is not easy in the face of the intellectual "goose- IRRELIGION AND PAGANISM stepping" that is being enforced. We tend to conform to type and convention, like sheep which Today one encounters a lot of apparent irre- follow the bellwether. This is often especially ligion, if not out-and-out paganism. Experience true of the Christian. Some one has said "you reveals this to be very largely a veneer. Scratch it, cannot be Christian in this unchristian world and and you uncover great personal need and spirit- hope to survive." In other words, "Except a ual hunger. Men are hungry for spiritual and grain of wheat fall into the ground and die, it soul-satisfying food. Many suffer from a spirit- can bear no fruit." How many are prepared to ual vacuum which craves to be filled. To others, go all the way with Christ? How many of us life means little or nothing beyond "eat, drink would do as the apostle Paul, or Kagawa, or and be merry, for tomorrow we die." They talk Schweitzer or Niemoller have done?

of the failure of the Church but hope against President Robert J. Hutchins of Chicago Uni- hope that the Church may somehow satisfy their versity, when speaking to a recent graduating personal and spiritual needs. Modern and so- class, declared: phisticated man still longs for guidance, for as- My experience and observation lead me to warn you surance, for a power that will give him victory that by far the greatest, the most insidious, the most where now he suffers defeat. He knows that paralyzing danger you will face is the danger of corrup- tion. Time will corrupt you; your friends, your wives or "the world within us means more than all the husbands, your business or professional ambitions will worlds without." " corrupt you. The worst thing about life is that it is demoralizing. One may well wonder whether all the interest, feigned and real, in world affairs, such as prob- Life was never more demoralizing than now.

lems of war and peace, of racial discrimination Never was there more need for Jesus Christ than and of economic maladj ustment, is not largely a now-not vague or general religion~but a per- smoke screen to hide this ache and yearning in sonal Christ and Saviour. To give men such a men's hearts. Christian Evangelists must deal Christ is the task of evangelism noW as ever in with these world issues, but our interest in them the past. CONRAD HOFFMANN, JR.

must not be a beating around the bush and an evasion of other essential factors. We need to THE YOUTH FOR CHRIST preach Christ and the forgiveness of sin. After conversion, then is the time to give needed ex- We thank God for youth. They are to the pression to the faith that has been born, and Church and the State, what fresh young shoots then it is necessary to project that conversion into are to the future harvest. Everywhere we hear service for others. But there is no first and of "Youth Movements."

second here in order of importance. We must do It is estimated that there are nearly twice as the one and not neglect the other. many people in the world under thirty-three as

TOPICS OF THE TIMES

over that age. It is a well-known fact that there the youth of the world wants is to be given a high is ten times as great a likelihood of a young man standard to imitate. or young woman yielding to the claims of Christ under twenty years of age as there is when they Primitive people look to those of more advanced are older. Youth is the time for taking new countries. India has copied England, Japan is steps, the time of adventure, the time of growth, imitating Germany; China is seeking a model in the time when foundations are laid and when the United States. Good patterns must be set in habits are formed. art, in literature, in education, in politics, in so- cial life and in religion if the world is to make And yet is not youth today largely wasting its progress and is not to slip back into barbarity. energies and opportunities? The spirit of ad- Inventions, discoveries and modern machinery venture is too often spent in seeking thrills in will not produce purity, peace, brotherhood and illegitimate and dangerous paths. Natural curi- love. All peoples are truly hungry for clear osity and the desire to investigate lead too fre- knowledge and for a better way of life. To inquently to spiritual skepticism and blindly look- spire them to higher things the youth need: (1) A ing for truth about God without finding Him. good example of unselfish service; (2) a good How often the strength of youth is wasted in fool- example of unpatronizing friendliness; (3) an ish self-indulgence. opportunity to learn and to improve their condi- tion; (4) the knowledge of God as revealed in And yet, humanly speaking, youth is the hope Jesus Christ. of the world. The young people of today must be the parents, the teachers and preachers, the All creeds and all "isms" are contending for the scientists and artists, the authors and leaders of enthusiastic and devoted support of youthtomorrow. If the youth of today are not won to though that support may not be intelligent and Christ what will become of the church, the school, unselfish. There is no ideal, no inspirational exthe home, missionary work, and still more im- ample and no assurance of power to attain ideals, portant what will become of the youth as they that is equal to those found in Jesus Christ. In pass through this life into the eternity beyond? Him and in His program are combined all the ele- ments that appeal to the best in youth of all ages. In ·the face of some disconcerting signs in the And youth is responding to the challenge in their world today, there are many encouraging signs of readiness to enlist in sacrificial missionary servpromise. All over the United States and Canada, ice at home and abroad. many thousands of youth are gathered every summer in Christian camps and conferences. No JAPAN'S LOSING BATTLE less than a half-million young people come together, under trained leaders, for physical and , In spite of Japan's military advantage in modspiritual recreation. At a thousand or more re- ern equipment and trained soldiers, her military sorts these multitudes of earnest young people party is waging a losing battle in China. This meet to listen to inspirational addresses and to is becoming more evident as the months pass. learn what life and service mean. Japan has disregarded justice and mercy, has alienated other nations that are not ruled by the Similar gatherings are being held in foreign same ideals, and she depends on deceit and force lands, not only in Great Britain and many parts to keep her people in line at home. While China of Europe, but in practically all the mission fields. has now the most enlightened patriotic and able There were pra.ctically no such Christian gather- rulers in her history, Japanese leaders in power ings for youth fifty years ago. They have grown exhibit less intelligence and more cruelty than has up as the result of the growing consciousness of characterized her and puts her dependence on the necessity for giving a Christian training _to armed force. The general sympathy of the world the youth of today to prepare them to be the -inactive as it is-is with the Chinese in their leaders of tomorrow. The Bishop of Uganda desperate struggle for life and peace. While the writes of African youth: conflict is welding China into a united country, it is sowing seeds of discontent in Japan; while Dr. Aggrey used to say that he would like to have nine China is becoming more Christian and is even lives if he could be sure that in each he would be an suggesting opening their schools to the teaching African and born one after the other in Africa in this of Christian truth, Japan is becoming more pagan present century. The future of the world lies largely and is forcing her Christian people to worship at in the hands of the youth. Very much, however, depends the shrines of the Sun Goddess; while China is on the next few years. Primitive youth is imitative-it showing mercy to the enemy, scattering peace is important that the youth of England and America leaflets in place of bombs by airplane over Japan, should give them a good example to imitate. Youth is the Japanese continue to spread destruction in perceptive: he looks below the surface and very quickly China by bombs and machine guns that ruthlessly sums up what a man really is.

There is a passion for reality in youth. People cannot "get away with" shams and "window dressing," at any rate for long; but youth is impulsive and so is easily influenced temporarily by an emotional appeal. What

bring death to multitudes of men, women and Thus failure to comply with the demand that all J apachildren; while China is looking forward to re- nese participate in certain Shinto ceremonies may be reconstruction after the fighting is over, Japan is garded as a good reason for withdrawing the privilege becoming more and more impoverished physically of freedom of religious belief. and spiritually; while China appeals for peace on the basis of justice and friendship, Japan seeks It is natural that special efforts should be made to control by conquest and alienates those who would secure the obedience of subject peoples when it comes to be her friends. Shrine observance. This has become an acute problem in Korea and Formosa, and will be so in Chinese terri- Other nations in past centuries have tried J a- tories which come under the control of Japan. pan's tactics and have failed, even when they have seemed to win a temporary advantage. If the Japanese realized what their military leaders are doing and planning in China we be- The situation in Japan is revealed by a letter lieve that they would rise up and overthrow the just received from one who has lived there for present regime… But they are misled by governtwenty years and who knows and loves the Jap- ment censorship and propaganda. They are told anese people. (The letter could not be mailed in that China must be protected from Communism Japan on account of the government censorship.) and liberated from the Nanking regime and from The Japanese themselves are kept in ignorance General Chiang Kai-shek, their Christian ruler. of the facts and the military propagandists pro- Staged motion pictures are used to show that the claim that ignorance, fear, selfishness and jeal- Chinese are welcoming the Japanese soldiers as ousy are the motives that actuate all foreigners liberators and benefactors rather than ravishers, who oppose the program of the Japanese mili- terrorists and spreaders of venereal disease and tarists. narcotics.

The letter (dated in Japan, June 12, 1938) is In the meantime the common people in Japan in part as follows: are suffering from economic depression through high prices and many restrictions. They are told We can easily understand the causes of the rising tide that such suffering and self-denial are patriotic. of anti-Japanese feeling in other lands. While the The work of missionaries of Christ, presenting Japanese' people themselves are conscious of the antago- His ideals and message of life, is more than ever nism of certain foreign nations, it is attributed in the needed and is welcomed. The Japanese are hunmain to Chinese propaganda and the jealousy 0:1; the gry for life and peace. It is a great opportunity powers who are losing their economic spheres of influence in China. . " The people here only know what for the missionaries who show spiritual life and appears in the newspapers, and the result is that they power and have the message of God's love and are the victims of a propaganda which interprets the salvation. And the missionaries with reduced war in terms of a righteous crusade "to deliver China forces and income are busy teaching, conducting from the peril of communism." They know nothing of conferences and summer camps, and working the ruthlessness which has apparently characterized the through the churches and Sunday schools. The operations of the army and believe that the conduct of Japanese are responding with larger attendance the war has been above reproach! at evangelistic services, and with increased en- As is the case in all wars, the common people are the rollment in mission schools and colleges. Dr. ones who bear the burden and they are the ones who Toyohiko Kagawa, and other Japanese Christians, suffer. In thinking of Japan we trust that you will dis- express the feeling of the sense of shame and tinguish between those who are leading the nation in chagrin that "Christians are so impotent to stem paths of conquest and the great mass of people who are the tide of militarism in Japan." in the dark and are having to submit to increasing regimentation and more personal self-sacrifice. The people ,Evidently humanity must learn lessons through are in darkness and need desperately to be "translated warfare and suffering that they are not willing into the kingdom of God's dear Son." The fact that to learn through peace and prosperity. Among militarism is in the saddle is no reason for reducing mis- these lessons are the futility of selfish warfare, sionary interest in J.apan. Recent developments here and the superiority of spiritual forces over the main other countries present a challenge to the Christian terial, the supremacy of true love over the seIf- Church to increase their missionary interest. seeking human ambitions. Christ did not estab- lish peace in the Roman world but He did sow the The Japane~e Christian Church is finding itself in an seeds of life and of peace and victory in the hearts increasingly difficult position. This is in spite of the fact that Japanese Protestants have always been distinguished of His followers. Among His last words to His by their loyalty to Emperor and nation, by their obedi- disciples were these: "These things have I spoken ence to law and integrity of character, and by their faith- unto you that in me ye may have peace. In the fulness in the performance of the various, duties imposed world ye have tribulation but be of good cheer, I by the State. But officialdom has not been satisfied with have overcome the world." . This is the peace and this and has seen fit to make the observance of the various the victorythat the world cannot give and cannot ceremonies of State Shinto the 'sign of good citizenship. take away. They have put believers who regard the observance of State Shinto as idolatrous in the position of appearing disloyal. The Imperial Constitution provides that: "Japanese subjects shall, within limits of law, not preju- dicial to peace and order, and not antago!listic to their duties of subjects, enjoy freedom of religious belief."

A Crisis-Looking Forward to

By PAUL W. HARRISON, M.D., Muscat, Arabia Author of "The Arab at Home"; Missionary of the Reformed Chutch in America A WORLD Missionary Conference is to be held will the Conference be a success. To the degree this year in Madras. The hope is that the that it fails to do this, the Conference will be a whole Church of Christ may focus there failure. her thanksgiving for the past, and her intercession for the future. Most of all we hope that God Nor is this something only for the few who go will give us guidance for the present. Certainly, to that South Indian city. Now is a time for us hitherto hath the Lord helped us, and we have all to bow down and pray for guidance and power come a long way in carrying out the command, from God. With our attention focused on gain- "Go ye therefore and make disciples of all the na- ing God's guidance, and bringing our work into tions." We will stand with the Apostle Paul in line with His will so that we can go forward in Madras. In every direction, a great door and ef- His power, this should be a day, above all things, fectual is opened unto us "and there are many for reverent and careful study of God's Word that adversaries." If the Apostle could actually speak we may learn how He would have us carryon His to us, he would perhaps tell us that he faced no work. We need profound and prayerful studies such wonderful open doors, nor such appalling of the mind of Christ in regard to our missionary adversaries. problems. We must penetrate below the surface and understand what the Holy Spirit has to teach This is not the day of the grinning stone image. us in the life and policies of the Apostle Paul. We deal with emotional idols, terribly alive all of Different men will discover many different things them, fashioned after the likeness of Mohammed- in this Book which God has given us. No one anism~ Men and women and children, from the man will understand it all. Indeed, reflecting least to the greatest, deliriously worship some God's mind as it does, all of us together will enter class or race or nation, sure that thereby they be- only the fringes of the Divine revelation. God come the elite of the universe. Worship of that wants us to see visions and dream dreams out of sort must have an object of pers.ecution as well His Word. Thus He will guide us and give us as an object of worship. Jews serve the purpose power in carrying His message to a turbulent and excellently. So do Christians. Those of us who distressed world. work in the arid desert into which Mohammed transformed a sixth of the human race, look out Christ's View of the Kingdom on the nations today with a feeling very close to terror. It is a very dreadful disease that is spread- In the thirteenth chapter of Matthew we find ing over the world, but it is not a new one. And a remarkable group of parables in which Christ when this outbreak has run its course, and men's shows us the essential nature of the missionary enterprise. He was speaking of the Kingdom of hearts have hardened into shape under its pride God. The phrase has puzzled us and from it have and falsity, will it again be a thousand years be- been developed most diverse and complicated and fore the Good News of God's love finds its way materialistic notions. But evidently in Christ's into men's hearts once more and the first convert mind the idea was as simple as sunlight. Wher- is won to Christ? ever God rules over the human heart as king, No! It will not be even a thousand days for there is the Kingdom of God established.

when "the enemy comes in like a flood," the Spirit This was something new which Christ brought of the Lord will lift up a standard against him. -a gift from Heaven. With Him came the glori- But we must realize, with a deep and terrible ous opportunity of being under the direct and realization, that we on the mission field today genuine rule of God. Christ spent His time pro- need two things, and only two. We need God's claiming this good news of the possible realization guidance and we need His power. It will be only .of the Kingdom. He sent out His disciples two by to the degree that the Madras Conference sensi- two to carry the message further. He left us to tizes us so that we can hear and obey the Divine finish the task through the centuries, and finished voice, and opens. the windows of Heaven so that it will be, for "this good news of the Kingdom God can pour out a blessing,only to that extent shall be preached in all the world for a witness [393 ]

to all the nations." Here is a simple message: a seed which will grow in men's hearts. Indeed "The time is fulfilled, the Kingdom of God is at that seed grows. up to be Christ Himself abiding hand. Repent, and believe the Good News." in us. It is thus that God rules.

Christ emphasized three things about this King- Good news of that sort is not much of a seed, dom. In the first place it is open to all men. The philosophically and scientifically. Christ explained entrance requirements are simple. "Repent ye"~ carefully that it is "less than the least of all seeds" leave your old life; "and believe the good news" which are sown so assiduously in men's hearts. -accept as genuine and true this announcement It takes no extraordinary insight to see the truth that men can actually come under God's personal of that. Any monist has us beaten philosophically control. The offer is for every man to the ends before the debate begins. Any second-rate idol of the inhabited earth. It is an ecumenical thing. temple can surpass our most ehtborate rituals, and emotionally, ~_mpared with communism, and In the second place, this wonderful opportunity, fascism, and emperor worship, we are most prethis door to an eternal destiny linked to God cisely the least of all seeds. We feel a great urge himself, is to be found only in Christ. Even the to assert that the Gospel is really good seed, and God-given Jewish religion could not provide it. we spend much time measuring its philosophical Salvation to a few, that religion certainly did and scientific dimensions and convincing ourselves bring, but apparently not to many. This Kingdom of its impressive character. However, the Gospel of God that He preached was a new thing. Christ seed is really most unimpressive, as Christ told brought it, and its lowliest member stands above us long ago. Its virtue is in its vitality and in the highest of the prophets. The implications of the astonishing result that it can produce when this are tremendous. Even with the light of the sown in men's hearts. Epistles and of the Acts, we can grasp only a few of them. Christ, however, shows us the simplicity As God looks down on a faithless and perverse and unity of the wisdom of God. One thinks of generation, perhaps few things seem so incon- Fujiyama, as he meditates on it. gruous as the audacity of men who produce a showy and resplendent philosophy out of Christ's The third characteristic, in its way as remark- teaching, but lack faith to believe that God who able as the others, is that this Kingdom is to be spread merely by proclaiming the Good News of has embodied Himself in it, can by its means over- God's gift. The Kingdom of God is like sowing a come the idols of our time. We must pit the very seed. There is food for deep meditation in that power of God Himself against the terrifying teaching. It is a message much needed in these forc·es of evil which have become so strong. There days when the missionary finds himself confused is one way to do that, and only one, in season and and perplexed. Whatever else is true of our work, out of season, and that is to sow the Good News it must always be the proclamation of the Good of the Kingdom in the hearts of men. News of the Kingdom of God. That good news is CHRISTIAN MISSIONS-BANE OR BLESSING?

Why should we make sacrifices to support foreign missions? One great reason is because of the results of this work. Had there been no Christian foreign missionaries, then Cyprus, Ephesus, Philippi, and Berea would never have heard the Gospel of Christ. Except for mis- sions the message of Life which He came to bring would not have reached Rome, and from Rome could not have spread into Spain and Gaul. Without missionaries, Great Britain and America would not have heard the message of Christ; India, China and other lands would have no Christians and no Christian enterprises. Had there been no missionaries, there would be no Christian Church today. Most, if not all, of the humanitarian and philanthropic organ- izations that now minister to mankind would never have been established. Hospitals, homes for the aged, orphanages, colleges and public schools all have had their first inspiration in the ideals of life and service taught in the New Testament. History shows clearly that these un- selfish ministries of love did not exist prior to the coming of Christ and apart from the spread of Christianity. They are due to the revelation of God and His ideals for man as revealed through Jesus Christ and as they have been imparted to His followers.

'BY THE LIPU LEKH PASS INTO TIBET-ALTITUDE 16,750

With Tibetans at the Crossroads By REV. E. B. STEINER, Dharchula, United Provinces, India Missionary of the Tibetan Border Mission TIBET-called the "Roof of the World"-is and consist of peas, barley and some type of grain the loftiest country on the face of the globe. which. can be ground and made into very coarse The line of vegetation lies at 13,000 feet alti- bread, which the ordinary European stomach is tude. Tibet has successfully kept herself aloof not able to digest.

from the outside world for centuries, and because Tibetan traders are more numerou.s than farmof this has had a tendency to draw the country ers, especially in the south. They are made up of into seclusion. two classes-Khampas and Dokpas. The former spend summers in Tibet and winters in India. The Tibetan is what he is because of four fac- Leaving Tibet in October, they cross the Himators-altitude, lack of vegetation, seclusion and layas for their trading in the foothill cities of religion. His characteristics are the product of India. After bartering they return in March, these factors, particularly in that region over entering Tibet over Lipu Lekh Pass in June. They against Bhot on the south central border of Tibet.

This country can be conquered, not by war, but speak Hindi and other Hill languages. by the Gospel of Jesus Christ that will change The Dokpas cross by Lipu Lekh Pass into India these backward Tibetans into progressive citizens. only to near-by towns in the Upper Himalayas. Tibetans may be divided into four classes: They speak Tibetan only. These traders export farmers, traders, robbers, lamas. Farmers in wool, salt and borax; they import wheat, rice, Tibet are the least prominent of the four classes. dal, sugar and cloth. They reside in valleys only; their crops are few The Tibetan robbers are called Jokpas in our [395 ]

area. In India they call at our bungal.ow and beg and another 5,500. (We do not vouch for these alms and food. In Tibet they rob us, but not in figures.) India because the British Government would im- Lamaism is a religi.on of works. The word prison them. As liquor dealers in America pay "grace," as understood in the Christian religion, license to the government and are permitted to is not found in Lamaism. The doing of religious .operate drinking establishments, so in Tibet a acts is believed to be the means of entitling a per- robber buys a license to rob whomsoever he son to a place in the Tibetan heaven. Everything pleases. a lama does-whether worship, prayers, reading, In 1930 the Tibetan Government granted Mrs. eating, sleeping or working-is a religious act.

Steiner and the writer a passport to travel 145 The spirit of the mind or the condition of the miles in Tibet. We were accosted by robbers heart has nothing to do with securing merit for twice during our twenty days in the country. the Tibetan heaven. The larger number of acts One Saturday aftern.oon suddenly three Tibetan a lama can do in a given time, the greater his robbers galloping on horseback,with flags floating merit and the Lama can accumulate far greater and guns raised, rushed out from between moun- merit by prayers than in any other way. It makes tains, calling to our Christians who were half a no difference for what he prays or how; the thing mile behind: that counts is that he performs his prayers. Be- "Halt, you are traders; you have money; open cause of this erroneous conception, the lama re- your bags! And over there is a white man and sorts to all sorts. of devices for prayer to assist a white woman; they are traders; they have in the accumulation of merit. Am.ong these de- money; open your bags." vices the most common in our area of Tibet are They continued talking roughly and yelling. prayer-wheels, prayer water-mills, prayer-flags Soon those Tibetan robbers began to talk less and prayer-walls.

roughly and finally they rode away without tak- Every lama possesses a prayer-wheel which he ing anything. holds in his right hand and revolves it as rapidly A month later we received a letter from a wom- as he can. In the wheel is written a prayer and an in Indiana who said she was praying for us. each revolution counts for merit for the owner of That letter was dated JUly 17, 1930, the very day the prayer-wheel. Large lamasaries have made that we were accosted by those Tibetan robbers. huge prayer-wheels called "Sipo Khorlo," inter- preted, "Wheel of Life." We saw one prayer- Ten days later, just as we were breaking camp, wheel seven feet in diameter in the lamasary at a robber party of twelve appeared. One robber Taklakot. On his way out of the lamasary a lama examined Mrs. Steiner's coat sleeve and after- gives the huge prayer-wheel a couple of turns, and wards my water bottle. Seeing his primitive gun I began to examine it in turn. He was pleased S.o it registers prayers to his credit. The lama and looking into my face he smiled. After that he would not rob me. While .our party .of ten does not need to say a word for the prayer-wheel Christians stood with bowed heads in silence in does the praying for him. Inside of this wheel is our morning worship, these ten robbers stood a paper on which is written that meaningless there on the side listening. Mter prayer they prayer, "Om Mani Padme Hum," interpreted in passed on and we went our way. English: "0 Jewel in the Lotus Flower." We do not know why this prayer has been adopted as the The Buddhist Lamas lama's formal prayer, save that the Tibetan be- lieves that Gautama, the founder of Buddhism, The fourth class of Tibetans, and by far the sprang from the lotus flower. About the year most prominent, are the Lamas or Buddhist 400 A. D. a great lama adopted this prayer as a Priests. The home of lamas is called a lamasary model for his followers and it has been used ever and the religion of Tibet is called Lamaism, a since.

form of Buddhism. Many lamas attach dozens of "prayer-flags"

The first-born son of each Tibetan family must to a cord or rope that stretches from one building be surrendered to the lamasary to be trained as to another, or to a tree. These prayer-flags are a lama. As all families are small, the percentage small pieces of cloth six or eight inches long in of lamas is great. A lamasary is a training school strips, on each of which is written this same . as well as a church, and some are in training for meaningless prayer-"Om Mani Padme Hum."

twenty or thirty years. The women lamas are When there is no wind these prayer-flags are silent sometimes called nuns. They are not permitted and therefore produce no merit; but when the to marry. Lamasaries are therefore like medire- wind blows, these flags flutter in the air and pile val monasteries, and sometimes the number of up millions of prayers to the credit of the owner.

inmates runs into the thousands. One lamasary Riding on a pony a hundred miles into Tibetan in Lhasa is said to admit 1,100, another 3,300, territory, we came to numerous "prayer-walls,"

WITH TIBETANS AT THE CROSSROADS

four to eight feet high, made of stone. On each Lekh Pass; our two stations,Dharchula and was inscribed this same prayer. Some of these Sirkha, are located on this highway and all who walls were twenty feet long, some fifty or a hun- travel to the plains of India must pass our way.

dred or two hundred feet. As we traveled, I no- Many call at our bungalow for alms or for med- ticed that my horseman, a Tibetan, owner of the ical aid. Each call brings a contact and makes an pony, always passed on the left side of the walls, opportunity. To many we give a Christian tract never on the right. When we came to another and to some we tell the story of salvation by prayer-wall, I said: "Go on the right side," but Christ. Most of these Tibetan travelers halt near he only smiled. Coming to the next wall, I spoke our Sunday School for four or five days at a time firmly, "Why don't you pass on the right side?" and some draw near to see what it is all about.

He paid no attention. My cook, a Mohammedan They may remain for the hour. Our Tibetan evan- from that area, told me that if this Tibetan passed on the right he would receive no merit but, pass- ing on the left, each stone with that inscription (and there are thousands on a wall 200 feet long, on its four sides and on top), produces. merit to his credit. It is the movement of something that counts, not thoughts. of the heart.

The Dalai Lama, the ruler of Tibet who lives at Lhasa, is the head of this land of seclusion reli- giously and politically. Dalai Lama means "Ocean of Virtue." He is helieved by Tibetans to be an incarnation of Chewasi, the son of the God 0 Pak Me, "the Buddha of Boundless Light." They be- lieve that "0 Pak Me" has been reincarnated again and again; being an incarnation, they think that the Dalai Lama cannot sin. It is likewise believed that each is an incarnation of that same god and therefore does not sin.

Many Tibetans practice polyandry. A woman marries the oldest brother in a family and thus automatically becomes the wife of all the brothers.

Consquently morality among the Tibetans is low, and their conception of home and family life are vague. These concepts of loose marriage rela- tions even creep into the Christian Church. Some twenty years ago two Tibetan brothers became Christians; one was married; the other was a widower. It was claimed some years ago, al- though not proven, that when the married brother was. absent from home for a month or more, his wife lived with the other brother as his wife. A TIBETAN LAMA AND HIS FAMILY About three years ago a Tibetan Christian sought a wife among Bhotiya Christians for his nephew. gelists and Bible women preach in their camps, He had difficulty in persuading members of one and our Tibetan Christians have friends among family to give their consent so he came to us. We some and invite them to their homes. Our work- suggested that he try to secure the daughter of ers also display their Tibetan scriptures and tracts one of our Tibetan Christian widows. But the on a blanket to attract passing Tibetans. We are widow said, "He who marries my daughter, mar- not permitted to preach to the Tibetans inside ries me also." Is there any doubt as to the need Tibet, but on our evangelistic pilgrimage to Mt.

of Tibetans for Christ and His Gospel? Kailash, 60 miles inland, there were ten Christians , We are sometimes asked how we make contacts in the group, four of whom were Tibetans. The with Tibetans in order to win them to Christ. We government cannot prevent us from worshipping are located in Bhot, that triangle in India on the our God as we choose and therefore on Sundays borders of both Tibet and Nepal. Lipu Lekh Pass, in Tibet, we have services and Sunday school for at an altitude of 16,750 feet, is one of the six main ourselves. Tibetans often stand around listening.

outlets of Tibet; the great Tibetan highway of The ruler of Taklakot gave us permission to this part of India passes through Bhot. Hundreds visit the lamasary in his city and there we found of Tibetans annually travel out and in over Lipu 300 lamas, men and women, boys and girls-aged electro nic fil e created by cafis.org

6 to 60. In one room we heard a Christian hymn. A family of ten pure Tibetans, devil worshipers, Upon inquiry, we learned that the lama had heard left their home, sear.ching for the true God. One us sing that song last year in India. I recalled of the number, our Tibetan cook, tells the followthat the year before, I had sung this hymn at ing story: "My grandfather was a priest of the every camp along the Tibetan highway as I was devil. Often have I seen him beat his body with returning from Naini Tal. The wonder was that heavy cords until it bled. Three times did the this Tibetan, hearing this hymn but once, was devil demand everything we possessed. After the able to remember both the words and melody. third time, we began to think that there must be Leading lamas followed us, pleading that we sing, a God somewhere who would not make unreasonand there, beside the huge wall of that lamasary able demands. Ten of us left in search for this in that land where we were forbidden to preach, true God. We wandered around Tibet. Then an four of us sang a Christian hymn. These lamas epidemic overtook us, killing six of our number, then begged for tracts. They sent two messengers including both-iny parents. My grandparents, my to our tent and we gave them forty-eight tracts. aunt and I only were left. iWe continued our search and passed through vast areas. Our food A year later I toured along the Indian side of was gone and we could get none. We came to the the Tibetan border. From Kuti, the last town, I Holy Region, Mt. Kailas, the Lakes and Taklakot, ascended a mountain up ·to 16,000 feet, coming to but we did not find the true God in this so-called a large open plain where we camped. Here an- 'Holy Region.' Then we came over Lipu Pass nually Bhotiyas and Tibetan traders meet for bar- and down into this Kali River Valley to Sirkha. tering. Among other Tibetans, were ten wealthy The Bhotiyas told us not to go near the Mission traders with 7,000 sheep, who came across the Compound or we would be made Christians. We border from their Tibetan town some twenty days' did not know what kind of wkked people Chrisjourney distant. Before we could pitch our tent, tians are, but they visited our camp and invited us these Tibetans crowded about, gazing at me, for to come to the mission. They did not look like they had never before looked upon a white face. bad people, so we thought we would go and live A peculiar feeling comes over one to think that in the Mission Compound, but would not go to one's white face is the first such face another hu- their meetings. Then we heard singing which man being has seen. sounded good and we thought that this might be the place to find the true God. We sat outside to We were hungry and tired, for we had made listen and later we went in and sat in the rear. this ascent of 4,000 feet and had had nothing to Then we found the true God we had been seeking eat since seven in the morning. Our helpers con- and we forsook Buddha for Christ." The grandcluded that this was the time to conduct a service parents have passed on, but our Tibetan cook has for these Tibetans, and each in turn gave a mes- entered deeply into the Christian life and is now sage-including my Tibetan cook, a boy of seven- one of our strongest Christians. teen. The Tibetans listened eagerly and then bought every Gospel and tract we had. They A Tibetan lama student in one of the leading wished to buy also my Tibetan hymn book and lamasaries in Lhasa for twenty years left the offered me twice its value. We forgot our hunger, lamasary because he felt that he was not sinless. but I never before saw such hunger for scriptures He married and wandered around for three years and tracts. with his wife, who contracted tuberculosis. To- gether they came over Lipu Lekh Pass into our We have been told that in certain areas, pure valley as far as Sirkha, and there his wife died. Tibetans cannot be won for Christ, as their hearts Our Tibetan evangelist, Chirring, befriended this are impregnable to the Gospel. We have not lama, Lobsang, and invited him to our Mission found it so. A Tibetan widow with two little sons Compound. Lobsang was impressed and finally came begging alms of Dr. Sheldon thirty-three renounced lamaism in April, 1929. He is now years. ago. She was told the story of Christ and conducting a Tibetan school and preaches the was asked to give up her beggar life, but she Gospel. In 1937 Lobsang and his family made an would not. The next year she came again and evangelistic tour into Tibet and brought back a yielded herself to Christ. She remained true to pure Tibetan, who came from a town eight days' her Lord for thirty years, first as matron and journey north of Lhasa. This man was baptized later as Bible woman, until she went two years on January 16th. Lobsang is now trying to win ago to be with her Saviour. Dr. Sheldon died in another Tibetan, who came a couple of months 1912', but Bunden continued as Bible woman all ago from the interior of Tibet.· Was it worth these years. One of her little sons is now a Tib- while befriending Lobsang? etan evangelist and the other a Christian tailor.

Modern Challenge to

By the REV. WILLIAM PATON, London Secretary of the International Missionary Council W HERE does the Christian missionary a world there may be religion, but religion will enterprise stand in this world of national- have become like other things just one among the ism, racialism, economic struggle, and other parts of life, ruled by its own law, an interauthoritarian states? It is not enough to show est among the many interests of man. I know no that mission hospitals do much good and that more terrible example of the secular spirit than Christian schools in the East and in Africa are the acceptance by religion of a specialized place lifting the burden of illiteracy from thousands. among the affairs of men. When religion, and In our typical modern struggles. is the missionary above all the Christian religion, abandons its enterprise relevant? claim to shed light and guidance upon the whole What is the characteristic modern issue? Let life of man and becomes one professionalized in- us go back a little in our own history. There was terest among a mass of others, we have the once something called Christendom. The word supreme secularism.

covered the idea ofa region of the world in which This was our state until these last years; but there was a civilization dominated by a single we are not facing that sort of world now. The great view of the world. In that medireval Europe, disintegration of human culture and the fading there was a common faith, a single Church, a gen- away of the central and life-giving belief in God erally accepted philosophy, and a recognition of was not an affair only of the scholar; there set in the unity of life, in such wise that, whether or not a deep disintegration of society. The World War men kept the Christian moral law, it did not occur hastened the process. One can speak only with to them to suggest that, for instance, the world of great sympathy of the situation that faced Ger- economic life lay outside the boundaries of moral many, for instance, in these post-war years. To and spiritual rule. In that sense the whole of life see their country losing all its coherence and dig- was integrated around the truths of Christianity. nity may well Ikive men to desperate remedies.

We know how that world broke up; I am no And in many lands today, as we know so well,.

medirevalist and I am not suggesting that we there has come into view the new type of integra- regret that vanished world. There came the Ren- tion, or more truly the new type of religion. No aissance of learning and the Ref.ormation; nations longer do we face a negative kind of secularist arose in Europe and separate churches came into temper; we face the bold attempt to regiment the being. Natural science was reborn and as the life of man around the primacy of the nation, or years passed science was harnessed to production of blood, or of class, or of the State. This is what and industry and we had the industrial revolution. is meant by that ungainly word the "totalitarian"

Life became far more complicated as well as much State. It is more than merely nationalism or class- richer. But one great consequence followed. The loyalty. It is the claim that devotion to this cen- world of men-our Western world at least–':'no tral standard-race or blood, community or state, longer was integrated round the Christian view or class-has absolute worth, and that in obedi- of life. The life of European man became divided; ence and surrender to it man finds his whole the world of economics was believed to have its meaning.

own law and to be separated from that of ethics; In modern Germany we have a classical instance what was true there became true of all the parts of the struggle which such a mode of life must of life, and the characteristic of our Western entail upon the Christian Church. The Church in world was that it had no common governing idea that and in every land has two essential features and was not ruled by any universally accepted which make it the enemy of the totalitarian state.

view. Each part of life became a law to itself. They are, first, that every local or national Church This is what I understand by secularism; the is not only local or national but also a part of the loosening 'of the parts. of life from their proper universal Christian fellowship. It is therefore a uniting centre in the will of God, so that not only constant reminder of a fellowship and loyalty is there no God acknowledged but there is no wider than that of the nation. But the other rea- other dominating idea to take His place. In such son goes. deeper. It is the fact that in the last r 399]

analysis the Church is' not a human society only- work, only more rapidly than in the West. Among not a sort of club that we have formed to carry educated Hindus today one finds everywhere a out purposes of our own, but is a society divine lack of belief and a communal loyalty that has as well as human. It is human and therefore nothing at all to do with true religion. In such a stained with the sins of humanity; but its origins country as Egypt you will find Moslems of educa- lie in the Divine love and it is still the Body of tion and earnestness, but for many of them, real Christ in which His Spirit dwells. So that in the faith has gone and what is left is a keenly national last resort the Church of Christ can only obey consciousness cloaking itself in religious dress.

God first and can never assent to any other pri- In such countries it is inevitable that the same mary loyalty. sort of process should be followed as we have If we look at the world of our Western life, we traced in our Western world. A force of integra- see a society that once was Christian and now is tion there must be; life must have a common pagan, with Christian forces and groups at work energizing centre. Thus we find the old cry of within it; that the emptiness' of a purposeless Pan-Islam wholly discredited in the Mohammedan society is being for myriads today filled by the countries, and nationalism or, as in Turkey, a keen worship of new gods; that these gods are in fact racial loyalty taking its place. In India you see only Man himself, worshipped in some group such a portent as the opening and consecration of manifestation; and that as against all this there a temple in which there is no object of worship is today only one force, small and weak as it may except a great marble relief map of India- seem, that is inescapably committed to a wholly Mother India, into which the spirit of the god is different view. That force is the love of God in called as in other idols of Hinduism.

Christ with the transformation of life and the In Japan and her empire we see most plainly total view of the world ·and the active fellowship the rise of the new nation-state worship. It is an that accompany it. The Church with all its weak- ancient thing there, for the doctrine of the divine nesses is still the fellowship in which men cannot Emperor, his descent from the Sun-Goddess, and be thought of as submerged in racial or commu- the divine quality of the Japanes.e nation go back nity groups, or as mere automata in the interplay to the dawn of Japanese history. Yet is it not of economic forces, because men 'are known as certain that a country like Japan, in which there those whom God made for Himself and for whom is an almost unparalleled concentration of wealth Jesus Christ was content to die. in a few hands, must be exposed almost more than But this attempt to analyze our modern prob- others to the social strains that aooompany such lem has referred only to what used to be called an economic organization? It can hardly be a Christendom. What of the rest of the world? mere coincidence that in this modern world, sub- Do we realize to what a vast extent this same ject universally to the influences I have tried to process of disintegration and this same drift away sketch, there should be felt in Japan the need to from the religious centre of life have appeared in strengthen the claim of the nation-state and to the East also, and in Africa? In Africa the mat- use the old doctrine for this purpose.

ter is perhaps. plainer than in any other place. So it is that in Japan itself, and far more reso- One does not need to have lived in Africa to com- lutely and indeed ferociously in Korea, Formosa prehend something of what it means that, for and in the nominally independent but actually instance, tribesmen come great distances to labor puppet state of Manchukuo, we find the rites of in the copper mines, there to exchange the life of emperor worship, or a rite akin to it, pressed upon the tribe, in which the individual hardly exists the schools and the colleges. It is explained that and the tribal group is everything, for the life of the rites are not religious, but merely patriotic.

a modern industrialized settlement where a man This is not the place to argue this matter in detail, is forced to become an individual. But consider but I feel that when this claim is made it is meant the countries with the ancient religious cultures. really that the rites defined as patriotic, are more Hinduism has never been a religion only in the important than religion. It is the determination sense that it offered a religious consolation and of those who rule events in that empire to lay guidance to the individual; it has been a social down as the foundation of life the absolute accept- system and upon its precepts and governing ideas ance of the State. When you have that, then you a whole society rested. The word "caste" will may have your private religion – your sectarian suggest all that is. bound up in this statement. Or Shinto or your Buddhism or your Christianity.

again Islam has never been a reJi.gion in the nar- But that absoluteness of claim and of range which row sense; it has claimed to provide an under- we associate with religions is reserved for the standing of the whole of life. It has indeed been patriotic claim symbolized by the patriotic rite.

a boast of Moslem scholars. that Islam offered a It is therefore no matter for surprise that the synthesis of sacred and secular. But today we see Christian Church in these lands should be suspect.

exactly the same process of disintegration at I would only say here–for there are many things

THE MODERN CHALLENGE TO CHRISTIANITY

it is not expedient t.o say-that my own touch in .of economic forces, or a pawn in national policy, recent months with them left me with a clearer or that He is. in fact these and these alone. The and a more poignant sense of the meaning of the Christian faith, in basing man's dignity on God's Church in the modern world than I have ever had. love, offers the only ground on which that dignity and freedom can be maintained. Can we now gather up something of what this rough and most imperfect sketch suggests? Sec.ond, the Christian Church offers in the Christian fellowship something that transcends It is the inescapable and eternal paradox of the barriers of nations, race, and class. Where man's life that he cannot find peace within him- it fails to do this it is plainly false to itself; where self but only as. he returns to God. When he de~ it does this it is plainly true to itself and its parts from God-and even from the gods of the Founder. .old faiths of the East-he finds that the disorder of his life demands a commanding centre, and he Third, and here we touch the centre of the makes a god out of some part of his human endow- Christian struggle in our modern world, the ment-race and blood, or class, or nati.on. But Christian Church is a society not only human but that god not only leads him to war and strife and also divine, owing allegiance to God and pointing internecine feud, it demands also the total sub- beyond all human associations and loyalties, merging of the individual in the grQUp .or mass claims and obligations, t.o the unshared majesty or totality. of God and the absoluteness of His will, the pri- macy of His kingdom. The Christian asserts three things in opposition to this modern idolatry: First, we declare that In this struggle there is no East and West. It man is created by God, in His spiritual image, tQ is the peculiar significance of the Christian misdo His will in loving obedience, and that in the sionary movement that it symbolizes the univerpassion and death of Jesus Christ there is ex- sality of the Christian Church and provides the hibited the value that God set upon man. It is means whereby the older church can aid and not possible for Christians to agree that any .one, strengthen the younger in facing what is essenfor whom the Lord Jesus Christ was CQntent to tially and .universally a common task. die, should be a mere racial unit, or a plaything TRENDS IN MODERN MISSION WORK By THE REV. CORNELIUS H. PATTON, D.D.

Formerly Secretary of the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions.

1. Transfer of leadership and ownership to the national Christians of each land at the earliest possible moment.

2. Recognition more fully .of the responsibility of governments and to cooperate with them in so far as fundamental Christian principles allow.

3. Efforts to encourage and conserve the values of indigenous religion and culture wher- ever found, seeking always to domesticate Christian ideals and institutions in the environment and tradition of each land.

4. Purpose to maintain, as may be necessary, the distinction between Christianity and so- called Christian civilization.

5. Interpretation of the Christian message in such a way as to make it applicable to the total life of a people.

6. Desire to make evangelism complete byemphasizing the Christ-spirit as the saving ele- ment in all processes of social improvement.

7. Stressing the improvement of rural communities as the special need of the hour.

8. Endeavors to offer motive and guidance in the effort to save the people of the East from the mistakes of the industrial order of the West.

9. Work for the consolidation of the Christian forces throughout the world.

10. In the selection and training of missionary personnel, insistence upon the highest de- gree of efficiency attainable. .

11. Preaching the eternal Gospel by word and in terms that men and women of this age will understand.

12. Attempts to find in the leadership and saving power of Christ the only hope of a dis- tressed and bewildered yet spiritually hungry world.

Sunday Schools Over the World*

By REV. ROBERT M. HOPKINS, D.D., New York Secretary of the World's Sunday School Association A S WE look over the world today it is increas- Word to the people than the Sunday School. Even .l'. ingly difficult to decide which nations may in the lands ""here antagonism to the Bible prebe called Christian and which are non- vails, Sunday School pupils grow up to have a Christian. Some lands that have had within their very keen appreciation of the Book. An illustra- borders a preponderance of people affiliated with tion will be helpful. In spite of the fact that the Christian Church are today following pro- Puerto Rico has the largest Sunday School enrol- cedures that are decidedly not Christian. Other ment of any Spanish-speaking area in the world, lands that have been known as, "heathen" are there is a distressing lack of copies of Spanish today conspicuous. for their forbearance and other Bibles throughout the Island. A little girl, whose Christian virtues under the most difficult circum- parents are affiliated with the Roman Church, stances. somehow found her way into an evangelical In lands that have been known as "heathen" Sunday School, and with the consent of her par- and where the Christian Church is young, and ents she became a regular attendant. As her the vast majority of the people have not as yet birthday approached, her father and mother pre- openly identified themselves with Christ, the Sun- pared a party, with invited guests and special day School 'is a great factor in the spread of the refreshments. When asked what present she de- Gospel and in Christian training. It is chal- sired most of all she said, "I want a copy of the lenging at the outset to learn that in Africa, Latin Bible." This request grew out of her attendance America and Asia the Sunday School is making at the Sunday School. Her parents discovered its greatest numerical advance today. In Africa to their amazement that they were unable to buy during the past fou.r years the Sunday School has a copy of the Bible in any of the regular book made more than half the net total gain of the stores, but she was not satisfied until a copy was entire world; South America came second. What procured. Thus the Word of God found an hon- are some of the reasons for such progress? ored place in an influential home that had hitherto First, the principal constituency of the Sunday not possessed a copy.

School is the children. Young people and adults Various kinds of related Christian literature mayor may not be enrolled in mission lands, ac- have also grown up with the Sunday School move- cording to whether the standards that prevail ment. Ofttimes in mission lands Lesson Helps have come from America or Great Britain. But were at first mimeographed copies of the patient everywhere the Sunday School serves the chil- work of some missionary. Frequently the surplus.

dren. Thus its contrihution is made in the plastic materials are sent from Sunday Schools in more period of life. A single illustration will suffice. favored lands. These are greatly in demand, par- In a Sunday School rally in Aleppo, Syria, chil- ticularly the colored picture charts and picture dren came from a wide variety of home back- cards. In the village of India, the forests. of Af- ground. When asked if any child wished to send rica, the crowded lands of Korea, especially in a message to the Sunday School children of the lands like the Philippines where English is known, world, a little lad arose and said in Arabic that such used materials are never sufficient to meet he wished to send the message : "We ought to love the demands. The street Sunday Schools in Egypt one another." This boy had been raised in a and Wayside Sunday Schools in other lands are Yezidee home where the basic doctrine is one of made possible by grouping the children for the hate, rather than love. He had learned the mes- first time about the picture rolls, and by giving sage of love in the Sunday School. out Httle picture cards.

A second reason is that the Sunday School is A recent report from China indicates that the concerned with the study of the Bible. Many National Committee for Christian Religious Edu- agencies are uniting to spread the Christian cation has published ever since the outbreak of Scriptures around the world, but none make their hostilities, a special Sunday School paper giving task more directly related to the teaching of God's simple teaching material for use in refugee camps.

• See Frontispiece. One copy of this publication has a picture of the r 402] soldier camp in the background, while a little National Committee for Christian Religious Education in China Chinese lad gives thanks for the bowl of rice of which he is about to partake. Thus,even in times Congo Protestant Council (Sunday School Committee for of war and distress, the children are taught to the Belgian Congo) thank God for the temporal blessings of life. Sunday School ASEOciation in Czechoslovakia Egypt and Sudan Sunday School Union Latin America has oeen one of the leaders in Esthonian Sunday School Union the development of indigenous Sunday School lit- India Sunday School Union erature. A graded series of lessons has been pre- National Sunday School Association of Japan pared, most of it written by Latin American au- Sunday School Association of Jugoslavia thors and largely published on presses in Mexico, Korea Sunday School Association Latvian Sunday School Union Puerto Rico, Argentina, Chile and other Latin Madagascar Sunday School Union fields. Brazil has also developed its Portuguese Concilio Nacional De Iglesias Evangelical (Mexico) literature, the demand for which has exceeded Bible Lands Union for Christian Education (Palestine, the Sunday School enrolment, since many outsiders are eager to have the lessons. Syria and Transjordania) Alianza Evangelica De Peru Philippine Committee of Christian Education The Sunday School has been greatly blessed as Sunday School Association of Poland a means for securing cooperation among the vari- Comrr.ittee on Christian Education of the Association of Evangelical Churches of Puerto Rico ous denominational churches. The World's Sun- National Christian Council of Siam day School Association is a federation of fiftyone national (or in a few instances international) We have not called the roll of the cooperating organizations each of which represents the organizations in lands where the work of the churches within a given area that desire to coop- churches has been long established. To include erate in Christian education. No ecumenical or- them would bring the number up to fifty-one con- stituent units of the World's Sunday ganization is more widely representative. In many School Association.

lands cooperation began in a An especially gratifying outreach of the Sunday School union. Sunday School movement has recently A recent visit to Cuba re- been witnessed in lands where the East- vealed the way this move- ern Orthodox churches have predominated.

ment is going forward. There Early approaches of West- is no organization there that ern missionaries were often brings Christian churches to- resented as proselytizing. In gether to consider their com- recent years the organization mon task. A conference held within the Orthodox church- in Havana upon the invita- es has opened new doors.

tion of the World's Sunday One of the first approaches School Association, resulted of the Sunday School was in a representative attend- SUNDAY SCHOOL BOYS IN INDIA made to the ancient Church ance from the seven evangel- of Armenia in the Near East.

ical churches. There was an outspoken desire to A loyal son of the Apostolic church, Levon Zenian, have some agency created that would enable them eager to serve his people, was introduced to the to work together in the task of Christian edu- Armenian prelates in 1929 and with their cordial cation. approval began the organization of Sunday The Sunday School has been thus at the very Schools. His work has been inspiring and has heart of cooperation in the Christian enterprise made· possible many new bonds of fellowship.

in many lands for half a century. It seems easier Within the Greek Orthodox Church the Zoe move- for Christian forces to unite for the Christian ment, stimulated in part by what was occurring education of their children and youth than in any in other Eastern churches, has resulted in the other Christian activity. This has been especially true in mission lands. Note this inspiring list of organization of many Sunday Schools in that organizations charged with responsibility for co- ancient body. Following the historic example of operation in the work of Christian education: Robert Raikes in Gloucester, England, the Greek Orthodox Sunday Schools were first limited to Council of Religious Education in North Africa (Algeria) boys, but recently they have included girls. The EI Comite De Cooperacion De Las Republicas De La Plata leaders of the Zoe movement are in cordial fellow- (Argentina-Paraguay-Uruguay) Conselho Evangelico De Educacion Religiosa De Brasil ship with Sunday School leaders of other churches Burma Sunday School Union and attended the last World's Sunday School Con- Ceylon Sunday School Union vention in Oslo, with the sanction of the Holy Comision De Educacion Religiosa Del Comite Consultor Synod. If a banner had been awarded at the Oslo De Cooperacion de Chile electronic file created by cafis. org

Convention to the city which reported the largest movement for religious education has been wiped proportionate gain in its Sunday School enrolment out. Also the totalitarian states in many parts of during the previous four years, that banner would Europe are now drastically retarding the growth have gone to Athens. . of the Sunday School. In America the growing Another very vital contribution to Christian spirit of secularism has likewise slowed down the progress in mission lands has been through the rate of previous progress, while in Great Britain, pioneering of World Sunday School Conventions. where the modern Sunday School had its origin, Twelve of these world .gatherings have been held losses rather than gains· are recorded. It is rein the past fifty years and each was widely repre- markable that, in the face of such adverse condisentative of the Sunday Schools in many nations. tions, there has been gain at all around the world. Three World Conventions have been pioneers in their respective lands-Jerusalem in 1904 in the This has been due to the so-called non-Christian Near East, Tokyo in 1920 in the Far East, and lands. In ~_me Latin American countries the Rio de Janeiro in 1932 in Latin America. These Sunday School enrolment has doubled within four representative gatherings of Christian leaders years. This movement is thus proving to be the from around the world have made great contributions to the lands visited. For the fourth time the medium whereby there is achieved a continued net gain of the total movement in behalf of Chris- tian education around the world today. .

Movement is proposing to pioneer with the first representative world gathering of Christian lead- ALL HAIL TO THE WOMEN! ers on the continent of Africa. The next World's The Central Committee on the United Study of Sunday School Convention is announced for Durban, South Africa, July 22 to 28, 1940. Thus one Foreign Missions This remarkable organization of women for the promotion of the study of foreign missions and the publication of missionary literature was or- ganized at the time of the Ecumenical Conference in New York in 1900. Now, after thirty-eight years of very effective service, it has closed its work of pUblication (July 1) and has turned it over to the Missionary Education Movement, with which the Central Committee has been cooperat- ing. Miss Abbie B. Child was the first chairman of the Committee. Mrs. Peabody, one of the or- ganizers, was the efficient chairman of this Com- mittee for thirty years. Miss M. H. Leavis has been the agent for the literature and is largely re- A SUNDAY SCHOOL IN LAPAZ, BOLIVIA sponsible for its successful business operation.

century after Livingstone left Scotland to make Other women leaders who have been very active his first momentous journey to the then almost include-Mrs. John T. Gracey, Miss Margaret unknown Dark Continent, a pilgrimage is planned Hodge, Mrs. Helen B. Montgomery, Mrs. Fredin which thousands of Christian workers from erick G. Platt and Miss Gertrude Schultz (the many lands will trek to Africa, now the continent most recent chairman). The Committee has pubwith the largest actual gain in Sunday School lished forty-eight senior textbooks, besides hymadvance of them all. nals, junior and kindergarten books and a chil- dren's magazine Everyland. The total number of We must not overlook the contribution which Committee books sold number 3,770,947 copies. the spread of the movement in mission lands is Three of the textbooks have been translated into making to the Christian cause ata time when in one or more of the following languages: Chinese, so many parts of the world Christianity seems to Japanese, Tamil, Urdu and German. The books be retrograding. The report for the last Conven- published by this Committee form a remarkable tion, held in Oslo in 1936 (gathered by World missionary library, covering practically the whole Dominion Movement at the request of the World's world, viewed as a Christian mission field.

Sunday School Association), was in many ways the most comprehensive review of Sunday School In one New York public school a recent religious census progress ever compiled. It showed a total Sun- showed that out of 457 "Protestant" pupils only 33 had day School enrolment for the world of 37,285,519. religious instruction in any church school. The New York This is a net gain of 894,579 over the report for Federation of Churches estimates that only one-half of the previous quadrennium. At the same time it the children of the city are receiving any religious train-. should be remembered that in Russia the entire ing under church auspices-Protestant, Roman Catholic or Jewish.

Practical Value of Missions to Pastors*

By PROF. ARCHIBALD G. ADAMS t Chair of World Religions and Missions, Temple University Philadelphia .nA.S A MISSIONARY for twelve years, bO'rn with preachers who are mostly underpaid, as they and bred and almost buried in the mission- see money gQing for unseen, unappreciated needs ary tradition and purpose, I am vitally interested in interesting young ministers in mis- elsewhere while their O'wn needs are sO' painfully sions, even more than I am in securing new re- present and felt. As prQtagonists. O'f the missioncruits for WQrld service. It is a difficult task, and ary cause, they are defenceless against the critifor several reasons. First there is the depressiO'n cisms O'f their people whO' seek every excuse to which has driven many churches tQrO'b Paul, the escape gIvmg. Thus they endanger their popmissionary, to pay Peter, the preacher. An Epis- ularity by supporting missions. copal Bishop was visiting the rector in one O'f the parishes of his diQcese, and as he left his auto- Moved by these conditions and cO'nsiderations it has been my purpose to' be as practical as posmobile he carefully lO'cked it. The rector ex- sible in ,presenting the .subject to my classes in claimed, "You don't need to' lock your car arO'und Temple University. I recall the resentment I felt here, Bishop, we're all honest." "I'm not sO' sure in college on being compelled to take courses that of that," replied the Bishop, "hasn't your church seemed of nO' possible use to me in my life work, been taking the missionary money for current ex- and the joy I experienced in the theological sempenses?" inary because all my studies were more or less geared into my preparation for service. There- SecO'nd, the effects of the Laymen's inquiry re- fQre it has been my intention to present the subport, "Rethinking Missions." Its unfortunate ject of missiQns in the most practical way in order publicity played up the failures of missionary work and soft-pedalled the successes. to' meet the O'bjectiO'ns to' missions and to' meet the need of ,pastors for information and training in Third, the keen competition in the ministry, missionary sermQn preparation. compelling young seminary students to bend every effort to prepare themselves for the demands of The Need for Information About Missions the pastorate, leaves, little time for so unrelated an interest as world missions. From my experience in teaching missions to As a pastor fO'r eleven years, I can sympathize high school students I did not expect to find much with the difficulties pastQrs experience in interesting their people in a subject on which the pas- knowledge of the subject on the part of seminary tors themselves are very slightly informed, and often greatly misinformed. There is hardly a students, but I was not prepared to find so little. subject on which the O'rdinary pastO'r feels it his None had ever heard of Adoniram Judson and duty to preach, or is compelled by his church rules to preach, which he finds SO' hard, dry and lifeless O'nly a few had heard of David Livingstone! At as the missiQnary sermQn. This attitude is naturally reflected in the sermon, and his people come least there would be novelty in the subject for the to' share his attitude. Then, too, in these days, O'f reduced income, one cannQt help sympathizing students, and their surprised delight at finding the subject so interesting was most encouraging.

Their need for information has been met in my classes in the following ways: (1) The history of missions has been made in- teresting by likening it to' a Prayer Rosary. This is an appropriate figure because most religions • CQndensed frQm a paper read at a HartfQrd Seminary CQnfer- use rosaries and the Prayer Rosary is a way by ence Qf ProfessQrs Qf MisslQns, 1938. which Christians have been helping to answer t the'Ir prayer: "Thy KI' ngdom, Corne."The lI'nks TahnQdugfhorI mhaanvye tyaeuagrhs t haadvuelttaBuigbhlet cmlaissssieQsnsmOinore ytQhuanng hpaeIQt pmle'ys f the ChaI'n h ave b een supplI' ed'In the connectI' ng life, 0 summer assemblies, I dQ nOot pretend tOo be a specialist In the field facts of each periQd Qf histQry; each student has Qf teaching. I Qwe my apPQintment tOo the Chair of WOorld RellgiQns and MissiQns at Temple University tOo the fact that I have spent a supplied a pearl in the chain, each pearl being the quarter of a century Qn the fQreign mission field, half as a bQY receiving vivid impressiOons Oof Qld China, and later as a missiOonary critical and atpapkreenciaf trQivme recponosret couft. Itvhee lip. feerloofdssomI.ne fQr 12 years tOo Western China, the rapidly changing China Oof tQday. mi"SSIQnary I attacked my new task at Temple University in the same way in Church history. These reports were read in class which I apprQach this subject, nQt as a specialist in educatiQn, careful tOo Qbserve the laws Oof pedagQgy, but as a missiQnary first, f::dt';~ N~ini~~k ~~~~~:~t!~.~~~ g~sl.eleven years have been spent [405 ]

at their chronological place in history. Each source of great satisfaction. One actually bought report of from 2,500 to 3,000 words covered the for his own library everyone of the eight mis- following points: a brief outline of the mission- sionary books assigned for his reading, after he ary's life; the influences which led him to enlist had read the library copies.. Of Morrow's life and his preparations for service; a description of Judson, entitled "Splendor of God," another of the most worth-while accomplishment of the student wrote in his review, "Thank you for put- missionary ; criticism of the least praiseworthy ting this on the required reading list. It is abso- missionary methods and attitudes; the suitability lutely the most -inspiring and gripping book I ever of his message in the light of present-day stand- read." Another said that missionary biographies ards; lastly, a portrayal of the most inspiring and "had so stimulated his thirst for more" that he impressive characteristics of the missionary. was reading biographies which had not been as- As far as possible each student chose the mis- signed, duri~_ his vacation, for pleasurable in- sionary he preferred; only a few had to take sec- spiration. .Another outstanding senior enthused ond choices. At each of our two-hour sessions over Brockman's "I Discover the Orient," saying throughout the semester a paper was read, taking that it had opened a window to better understand- about half an hour. In spite of a limited mission- ing and appreciation of the Chinese. A serious- ary library, by the end of the semester the stu- minded student wrote: "The life of Adoniram dents had come to know about sixty home and Judson by his son, Edward Judson, challenged me foreign missionaries, half of them thoroughly. with the question, would I be willing to serve They were assigned readings in other missionary Christ at such sacrifice? I thank God for having biographies, besides their individual assignments. read this book, and hope that if such a command (2) The students' need for information was comes I will be found in His will and not my own."

also met by the study of some fourteen mission- Yet another student laughingly declared that he ary magazines. They had to appraise these mag- always left his mission assignments to the last, azines, and classify, giving their reasons. Then because his weariness of mind and flesh from as- they described an ideal magazine that they be- signments in other courses would always be dis- lieved would meet all needs. In this way they in- pelled by the inspiration in his miss,ionary read- directly gleaned much information and learned ing. He would retire refreshed in body, mind and where more could be secured. The examination soul ~rom the stirring information he had secured.

called for a letter to the editor of each student's After making due allowance for a desire to get denominational periodical, making criticisms and a good grade, the character of students making suggestions. such testimonies, convince me that missions, if (3) Information was also imparted through given half a chance, can be made most interesting the eye-gate, both by the professor's own stereop- and inspiring. But the subject must find good ticon slides and, in one course, by the missionary soil in which to bear fruit. It is usually the most slides secured from various denominational head- intelligent, earnest and slerious-minded students quarters, the students delivering the lectures who respond most enthusiastically to the appeal themselves during the first half hour, followed by of the heroic in missions.

criticisms from other students. We must let missions slpeak for themselves in (4) For one course that presented "A minis- the following ways: ter's brief for world missions," information was (1) Reading good biographies of missionaries. provided in lectures and by 'assigned readings.. (2) Reading stories and bi,ographies of native (5) In the course on a "Critique of Modern converts to Christ. Bishop Frederick B. Fisher, in Missions," based on the Laymen's Report, a criti- his testimony to ministers of Buffalo at their ancal judgment was developed to evaluate informa- nual retreat some years ago, said: "When I went tion, and data on the outstandingly successful to India as a missi,onary my heroos were all ,of my missionary enterprises was given to the students own race: Livingstone, Carey and Judson. Now through missionary periodicals. my Christian her,oes are of another race: men In these five ways much information has been like Kagawa of Japan,and Sadhu Sundar Singh supplied in interesting ways. of India, and Sun Yat-sen of China."

The Students' Need for Inspiration (3) Many stories of missionary heroism and sacrifice were gleaned from the lives of my own To save missions from its reputation of being parents and other missionaries I have known.

one of the dryest subjects taught in seminaries it There are books like "Waste Basket Surgery" by was with no little concern that I undertook' to Dr. Gordon Seagrave.

make the subject inspiring to our School of The- (4) A study of Christ's missionary spirit, ology students. That most of them found the teaching and practice as the minister's chief missions courses unexpectedly inspiring was a source of inspiration.

THE PRACTICAL VALUE OF MISSIONS TO PASTORS

The Pastor's Need for Missionary Defence JudsQn's challenge to missionary effort, they grew by leaps and bounds until today they are 90 times At the outset of a course entitled "The Minis- as great (9,000,000) in a little over 100 years. ter's Brief for World Missions," the class was We read that in the Baptist churches in Lincoln's asked to bring in all the criticisms they have home town in Illinois, the majQrity refused to supheard in opposition to WQrld missions. These port foreign missions. Today thQse anti-missionwere met as fully and frankly as possible; then ary-minded churches are practically dead, while a series .of lectures followed which aimed to do the missionary minded churches have over 50,000 two things.: (1) to provide the students with the members in .one ass.ociation. most convincing arguments for maintaining world missions; and (2) to provide them with the foun- What would Sunday school teachers do without dation supports fQr a year's series of monthly ser- missionary stories? mons, which, with topical variations, could last them for a life time. Grenfell's mother was right when she said: "Labrad.or has doOne much more for my son than In selecting the eight most cogent arguments my son has done f.or the Labrad.or." for missions I am aware of what my friend Guy W. Sarvis, formerly a missionary in China, writes If there were no missions in the Christian in his review of Sewell's "China Through a, College Window." There Sarvis says: "The time Church we would have to invent s.omething like has passed to defend missions on the basis of Biblical texts and abstract ethics. They must be them to keep the Church alive and growing. evaluated for their worth to the persons and communities. directly involved as well as for their (3) Because we owe a debt to the past t.O pass significance in international relations at a time on the Gospel to the future. A mother and child, when the world is contracting physically in in East Aurora, New York, attended a missionary airplane tempo, while doctrines of national sep- service. When the mother put nothing in the colaratism are supplanting the ideal of human broth- lection basket, the child said: "Mother, aren't you erhood. The missionary process is essentially one going to pay for me?" Could that mother ever pay of the impingement of cultures, inevitable in the for her Christian home, husband, church, land and modern world, good or bad in terms of concrete Gospel? Never, yet someone had to pay! "The effects." noble army, men and boys, the matIlon and the maid," martyrs and pioneers, all the way back to While we attempt to apply this truth we do not the Cross, where the greatest price was paid, tesabandon the authority of the Bible as part of the tify that "We are not our own; we have been defense of missions, because in the rightly selected bought with a price." G€neral Pershing, when passages we find the support which Jesus Christ he laid the wreath at Lafayette's tomb in France, gave to world missions in spirit, teaching and said, "Lafayette, we are here." Should we not practice. Hence the first argument, practically say to the dead champions of the faith, pioneer the only Biblical one, is: missionaries who gave their all, to Christ and to spread the Gospel we now enjoy: "Pioneers, (1) Because Jesus taught and practised world we are here" ! missions. In this lecture the student is shown, in some cases for the first time, how Jesus gave much (4) Because the sacrifices of missionaries must of His time and effort to preaching to the Gentiles not be in vain. Using the theme of Col. John Mcof His own country. As He was almost lynched Crae's poem: "In Flanders Field": by fellow townsfolk because He said He was going to preach to the Gentiles owing to the Jewish To you from failing hands we throw the Torch; Be yours to hold it high! indifference and unresponsiveness, so the preacher If ye break faith with us who die of today, to be truly like his Master, must expect We shall not sleep, though poppies grow in Flanders field. to meet opposition from unenlightened fellow Christians to the world missionary program. But We read of heroic sacrifices of missionaries, of we must not, for that reason, desist from earnest missionary mothers, missionary children, of pareffort to spread the Gospel. ents at h.ome who have given their children for foreign service; sacrifices.of devoted Christians (2) Because the Christian Church needs world in the h.ome churches, to supp.ort missionaries. missions to keep it Christ-like and growing, by the As Paul said: "I .take pleasure in necessities for challenge of a great task, such as world missions Christ's s·ake." If soldiers, explorers, and scienpresents. "They who live unto themselves, die tists are ready to make sacrifices f.or their coununto themselves." TQ deny is to die, to give is try, why should we not be ready to sacrifice for to live. This is true of churches as of individuals. Christ? Baptists in 1818 numbered only 158,000. But, mainly because .of the spiritual effect of accepting (5) Because we should give of our best to atone for the w.orst we have given. Review of the his- tory of the white man's invasions of colored races -American Indian; African slave trade; parti- tion of Africa; Mexican conquest by Spaniards;

South American conquest; the occupation of In- lined in the previous. headings) so that they can dia, Australia, New Zealand, and other parts of repeat the main theme with variations made effec- Oceania; the semi-partition of China. Albert tive by fresh illustrations. These can be obtained Schweitzer of Africa says: "A heavy guilt rests from missionary magazines. More than forty stu- upon our Christian culture," and he adds that he dents voluntarily took out a year's SUbscription to is there to try to make some atonement. a missionary magazine, and have been enthusiastic (6) Because those who sit in darkness deserve readers of it.

to share in the light of the world. Multitudes Popular magazines also sometimes supply mis- earnestly follow what light they have, though this sionary stories and articles. These are at work is often superstition; many have an earnest in minds of people who never read a missionary hunger for the truth; they are ready to make magazine. Missionary books, especially biog- sacrifices for their own religions; they suffer raphies of nY.ssionaries, are a fertile source of through ignorance, superstition, and wrong. The inspiring illustrations-stories of work, stories of least we can do is to share with them the greater converts, the products of missions. Other good light we have from Christ. missionary literature can be secured from denom- (7) Because when they have the light non- inational headquarters.

Christian peoples often rn,a,ke the best Christians. The suggestion is also made that five minutes While it is all that American Christians can do to may profitably be devoted during the Sunday get an hour or two of religious programs a day morning service to reports on missionary events over the air, the Chinese Christians of Shanghai and progress, under some such title as, "The March have their own broadcasting station and fill the of Missions" or "News Not in the Newspapers."

air with Christian messages all day long. If made brief and pointed, such a feature will edu- (8) Because the kingdom of G,od cannot come cate and inspire the congregations.

fully anywhere until it comes everywhere, and it Good missionary drama is immensely effective, cannot be accomplished without the help of Chris- and suggestions are made as to ways in which this tians of every race and nation. America could can be used. Lists of recommended missionary not be kept "dry" under prohibition, largely be- drama (one is by Rev. La Rue Cober of Colgate cause of wet Canada to the north and Mexico to Rochester Divinity School, Rochester, N. Y.) are the south, and wetter Europe across the Atlantic, distributed to the students and they or their wives so no land can ever beoome fully Christian until urged to try their hands at similar drama. every land has accepted Christ and His way of life. As Lloyd George said to Stanley High: "If The Need for Example and Practice missions fail, the rest of us will have to shut up shop!" , The seminary chapel furnishes an opportunity for the students to hear missionary speakers, as The Need for Missionary Ammunition examples of how (as well as, how not) to preach "The best defence is an offence," militarists tell on mISSIons. One speaker, using stereopticon us. The preacher needs ammunition for mission- slides, unsllspectingly furnished a good opportu- ary sermons and guidance in dropping his bombs. nity for the students to criticize pro and con, in The strategy of the Trojan horse is a wise prece- the light of their class training.

dent for the .general who would take the enemy of Only practice makes perfect. The practice pro- missions unawares. When one student started vided for the students was in sermon construction, his sermon with the bald statement: "This is a and in presentation of missionary lectures with missionary sermon," he was warned that he had stereopticon pictures in the classroom, and sermon made a tactical error before he had a chance to delivery in their own churches.

be heard. Opponents of missions close their ears Sermon construction was after this manner.

and hearts at the outset, while others need not be The professor assigned missionary books on told. The "Trojan horse strategy" is to iriter- which sermons were to be written, then to be sperse sermons with int~resting missionary illus- preached by those students who were supplying trations, occasionally at first, until an appetite for pulpits. Thus they "killed two birds with one such food has been stimulated, and a demand is stone," a feat which students alw'ays appreciate.

created for missionary sermons. Then give mis- Those students who had churches where they sionary sermons attractive, catchy titles, such as could preach the sermons prepared in class, re- Modern Miracles of the Master; Good News from ported impressions made upon their congrega- Far Countries; Saddle-Bay Surveyors of the tions.

Kingdom; Jesus the First World Missionary; At the beginning of each two-hour class half an Are Christians Color Blind? hour was given to stereopticon lectures by the Students are urged to collect clippings and students two at a time, each taking turns prac- notes on each of the arguments for missions (out- ticing the mechanics of running a stereopticon

RELIGIOUS PROBLEMS OF A MIDWEST CITY

lantern, andgIvmg the message. At the close sermons, because they have information and inthe students criticized the presentation and the spiration, and confidence in their ability to put mechanics, before the professor made his contri- the message across. bution. One of the examination questions called for a list of instructions as to the physical, mental Great encouragement to this method of teachand spiritual preparation for the presentation of ing missions comes from the fact that one student missionary lectures to guide the novice. Students was so much interested in his study of the history were also asked to criticize the quality of mission- of missions in the Caribbean islands (on which no ary lectures supplied by their denominational book has been written so that no little research headquarters, and to compose a letter to the au- on his part was necessary) that he submitted a thorities making suggestions. master's thesis, illustrated with handmade maps of every Caribbean island. The assignment had Thus the students are helped to become efficient been for a 3,000 word paper, and the student had in the presentation of missionary material so that not yet graduated. To have aroused such interest they will no longer dread that duty but will look in a missionary subject is one indication that the forward with pleasure to preaching missionary methods work.

Religious Problems of a Midwest City By REV. L. MERLE RYMPH, Wichita, Kansas President of the Ministerial Association and Minister of the Fairmount Community Church, CongregatiQnal W HAT are the religious problems of a Mid- Street and Douglas Ave. According to the story west city? Even a superficial study of of pioneers, Douglas Avenue became the prized facts, made by a casual observer, would business and residence street by a mere chance reveal a series of religious problems in a city like circumstance, in that the cowboy surveyor who Wichita, Kansas. These problems grow out of flung his rope across Douglas Ave. used a 114-foot five contributing social factors: (1) the rapid rope instead of a 100-foot rope as intended. Be growth of the city, (2) the missionary zeal and that as it may, this prairie city developed as most optimism of its pioneer founders, (3) the rapid prairie cities tend to develop in the form of a shift of its population from an agricultural econ- "cross" with the original business center at the omy and life to an urban economy and life, (4) the intersection. Douglas Avenue, being the wider secularization of its common life, and (5) the ex- and more beautiful street, attracted the more perience of chastened optimism during the more desirable business and residential development.

recent depression years. Main Street became the center of industrial de- I velopment north and south, as well as the center of the less desirable business and residential de- In less than seventy years the virgin praIrIe velopment. That fact has had its bearing today has been overlaid with a city population of 117,000 on the types of churches and the success of church residents. In the year 1867 the spot on which the developments in the various sectors of the city.

city of Wichita now stands was vis,ited by a corps In considering the city's phenomenal growth, of government surveyors. and this territory was it is well to remember that the city's growth to a laid out in government homesteads, laying the large extent has been the result of the develop- foundation for the rigid pattern of the City's north ment of the Southwest trade territory. The trade and south, east and west streets. The shallow territory in a very real sense made the city. In ford and the grove of cottonwood trees at the 1871,·800,000 cattle were driven through this city intersection of the Little Arkansas and the Big to the nearest market. When the Santa Fe Rail- Arkansas Rivers was a normal meeting place and road was extended to Wichita in 1872, two mil- trading center for homesteaders. In the year lion dollars changed hands in Wichita in the ship- 1870 the two original town plots, laid out by two ping of cattle. In the next few years most of the pioneers, Munger and Griifensteing, were joined immediate trade territory was homesteaded. By and incorporated as the city of Wichita, fixing the 1885 the Board of Trade in Wichita was adver- two main business streets of the city as Main tising the southwest territory, as "the cream of

the Southwest, . its land as rich as the plains As evidence of the underchurched situation that of Belgium, its breezes laden with the perfume is ours, I submit some facts revealed in a study of wild flowers and apple blossoms as sweet as of Week-Day Religious Education in Wichita as ever blew over Ceylon's isle, . . . its corn fields made by the Board of Week-Day Religious Edustretching mile on mile, which will ere long be cation in the year 1935. That year 10,950 elekeeping rhythmic time to those breezes." Such mentary children were eligible to attend W. D. optimism, such faith in the Southwest, such busi- R. E. schools in the churches, for one hour one day each week. Of these 10,950 elementary chilness and commercial enterprise set the stage for dren that were eligible for such instruction, only the rapid development of the Southwest and in 5,371 were in public schools adjacent to churches turn the rapid growth of the city itself. It is that were able and willing to offer facilities and against this background of individual enterprise, leadership f~. such instruction. Five thousand agricultural and business advance, that the five hundred and seventy-nine other elementary churches of Wichita have functioned until recent children were enrolled in public elementary years. schools either not adjacent to churches or adjacent What has the rapid development of the South- to churches not able and willing to offer this inwest, and the rapid growth of the city, meant to struction to these children. The proportion of the the church life of Wichita? It has reflected itself children that should rightfully be looked upon as in the mood of the churches. The churches expect a Protestant opportunity and responsibility is to grow. They expect to be fed continuously by the transfer of members from the great Southwest indicated by the fact that of the 5,371 who had -hence the success of those churches in the South- the privilege of attending W. D. R. E. in adjacent west as feeders into the church life of Wichita has churches, able and willing to offer them instrucbeen of no small consequence. The churches like- tion, 4,032 accepted the opportunity offered them. wise have expected the wealth of the Southwest The lowest percentage attending from any public to transfer itself to Wichita and express itself in school where the privilege was offered was 84% the building of great churches here. The wealth of cattle, and wheat, and oil has been a major con- and the highest percentage 96 %. These pertributing factor to the financial prestige of many of· our city churches, and not a single established centages indicate the measure of Protestant opchurch continues to function today entirely inde- portunity in Wichita, if only Protestantism was pendent of the wealth of Wichita's trade territory. organized and eager to serve the city, i. e., if the city was adequately churched. In the number of churches that have been founded in Wichita and in the number of Prot- I know that there are those that argue that estant sects and churches that are endeavoring to such things as Boy Scouts, Girls Scouts, and W. D. continue to serve the city, it would appear that R. E. are not necessary features of the church much of the religious faith, so expressed, has been program. I know that there are those who still ill-advised. With the hopeful expectancy that fol- contend that a Sunday church program is suffilows pioneer individual enterprise, Protestant cient. Let me call attention to the fact that Sunchurches were established throughout Wichita day School attendance is not sufficient. I have with reckless abandon. Today we have, accord- only the figures on Sunday School enrolments at ing to the Saturday Church Page, 114 Protestant hand, and could only make a guess as to the regchurches and sects trying to serve the city. The ularity of Sunday School attendance. I would omit the wild guess in favor of the hard, known city may be, as some claim, 80 % Protestant re- facts. The study made in 1935 previously referred to also reveals the fact that throughout the city sponsibility, nevertheless, it would appear that it the average percentage of elementry school chilis beyond reason to expect 114 churches to accrue dren enrolled in Sunday School is only 58ro, the sufficient leadership and financial strength to adequately serve the needs of city people. Many of greatest percentage in any sector being 63 % and the churches are so weak and feeble that whole areas are unserved by the Boy Scout and Girl the lowest being 44 %. . Certainly these percent- Scout organizations. Many other churches make no attempt to set up Week-Day Schools of Reli- ages leave a clear picture of the underchurching gion because they feel themselves too weak in of Wichita by our present program of Sunday leadership and financial resources. Still other religious education through our Sunday Schools churches carryon very inadequate and low-grade in these 114 churches. Sunday programs of religious education and worship. Wichita is now underchurched because it A study of the relative childhood responsibiliis overchurched with inadequate church organiza- ties of neighborhood, subcenter, and downtown tions. churches is still more revealing. The same study referred to in the above paragraphs reveals that it took four downtown churches with a total mem- bership of 8,900 to care for 1,284 pupils in the Week-Day Schools of Religion. The study also

shows the fact tha.t at the same time three sub- ties. Right now the sense of competition exceeds center residential churches with a total member- the sense that is ours of cooperation in meeting ship of 1,750 were caring for 341 pupils in Week- our common religious civic responsibility. Day Religious Education. More surprising still is the revelation we find in the studies referred to, The Influence of Sectarianism that three outlying re!>idential churches of 1,400 total membership were supplying Week-Day Here one may face frankly the heritage that is ours of our frontier missionary zeal in the Religious Education facilities for 601 pupils. establishment of denominational and sectarian Certainly the cost of Week-Day Religious Educa- churches. On the Saturday Church Page of the tion and the leadership of these schools is not Wichita Eagle the 114 Protestant congregations very equitably divided in the system of W. D. R. E. are listed under 36 different denominational and as it now stands in Wichita. I understand that sectarian captions. I suspect that this listing since 1935 two of the downtown churches have minimizes the actual number of sectarian groupaccepted the responsibility of helping finance and ings. Protestantism in every city has its myriad types of churches and Wichita is no exception. promote schools in outlying unserved districts. All home mission boards in the early days were Yet only one-half of our elementary children are offered these opportunities of religious instruc- eager "to possess the land" and to gain their tion. Surely no one will deny the fact that a greater statesmanlike churchmanship must be ex- rightful place in this metropolitan center. A pressed if Wichita children are to be offered this study of the Saturday Church Page reveals that minimum of religious instruction. the individual with the most rare and sensitive taste should be able to find the congregation of In a Midwest city like Wichita, all churches his choice here. We have our defenders of the are accessible to the adult population on Sundays. faith and we have churches' most tolerant and lib- From the most distant outlying point the down- eral. We have rigid sectarian churches and we town sector can be reached by bus in 15 minutes have churches that practice intercommunion as and by car in 12 minutes. The Sunday program well as open communion. We have our highly liof churches then is highly competitive and. each turgical churches and our non-liturgical churches. church finds itself in real, though friendly com- We have national cultural churches transplanted petition with every other church in the city. The from European scenes and we have typical Amerbigger downtown churches have the prestige of ican churches. We have country churches that years, of central location, of greater numerical have merely moved to town and we have highly and financial strength, and of a more highly paid ,adapted city churches. We have the more regular staff. The outlying residential church has the typ,es of Protestant churches like Methodist, Bappower of neighborhood appeal, the social power tist, Presbyterian, Congregational, etc., and we of contiguous and intimate family and age-group have a more or less irregular list including Penterelationships, and the warm spiritual appeal of costal, Tabernacle, Mission, Spiritualist, The- osophy and Unity. We have churches that insist intimate understandings. The subcenter residen- on being known as Trinitarian and one that above tial churches, many of them, face the area of all things is' Unitarian. Then beyond Protestantgreatest human need as' indicated by juvenile de- ism are the seven Roman Catholic churches and linquency, transciency, low rents and divisive the one central Roman Catholic Cathedral. Bereligious competitions. Having served for 11 yond this the two Jewish synagogues, the orthoyears as pastor of the Fairmount Community Con- dox and the liberal, with which some measure of gregational Church, a residential church five miles fellowship exists through the local Round Table from the heart of the city, I am most familiar of the National Conference of Jews and Chriswith the adaptations that such a church must tians. make, majoring in its community responsibilities The problem of fellowship and cooperation in throughout the week, without minimizing those such a myriad situation at times becomes a most opportunities that remain for intensive religious baffling one. Some of the more recept questions work on Sunday. For my own part, I ch,eri@the that ,ha:v/il come up in cooperative church fellowspiritual heritage that is ours of religious''iree- ship cit.cles are these: "How can church groups dom, with the right of people to worship and;;erve work odt an effective cooperative publicity and wh.en and where they choose; but I do hope t.hat promotioriprogram?" "Just what churches should along with recognition of that freedom as Prot- be represented in the Council of Churches-more s,pecificalIy, are churches such as "The Reorganestants we can so enhance our sense of shared ized Church of the Latter Day Saints" and "The social and religious responsibility that the needs Unitarian Church" sufficiently like-minded and of residential, subcenter, and downtown churches alike in faith and practice to be welcomed into the will be adequately met, that these several types of churches may fulfil their God-given responsibili-

fellowship of these already in the Council?" churches which were thriving churches in 1888 "Just how far and in what way should the Prot- were so depleted in 1892 that the only way they estant ministerial group share its fellowship with could see their way clear to carryon was to merge the Liberal Jewish Rabbi, who is most fraternal their forces into one church. Some churches have and eager for greater fraternity?" "What part been left stranded, located in the center of illshall Protestantism play in championing the reli- advised real estate ventures that failed to work gious rights. of minority religious culture groups ?" out. Other churches have been made by being Finally this most perplexing modern problem: located in the center of rapidly developing resi- "How can the radio time offered by the two broad- dential territory. In the main all those churches casting stations be most equitably and effectively located in good time in the heart of the "city divided among the various religious groups within cross," north and south, east and west, have the city?" If the reader of this, article is inclined grown by leaps and bounds regardless of their to feel that these questions have no real signifi- denomination~t affiliation. The only churches to cance, it would be well to sit in on some of the exceed them in growth have been those first estabconferences where these items· are inadvertently lished and centrally located downtown near the and unexpectedly brought to the fore for solution. heart of the business sector. Location means Here they must be faced as factual and emotional much to a church. Nowhere is this more evident realities. Sometimes the emotional factor is the than in a growing city like Wichita, with its varymajor factor. The religious problems that now ing types of residential and industrial developcome to a focus in this post-home missionary ex- ment schemes. pansion period are the problems that arise out of the Babel of sectarians that insist on their rights Just a word about the mind-set of the people of being heard on the city's streets, yet are more who move from the farms to Wichita, for to a or less desirous of finding their unity of expres- very large extent the city is made up of those who sion with others at the point of common under- have moved here from its trade territory. The standing and purpose. population is homogeneous and, for the most part, native American stock. Some come from the rural The Changing City Populations area, crowded off of the farms either by the mech- anization of those farms or because of the fact In dealing with the religious. problems that that the families have been too large for homearise from a shift from an agricultural economy stead farms to support all members generation and life to an urban economy and life, many things after generation. They come to Wichita full of come to my mind, but I shall limit this treatise expectancy and hope, expecting to be absorbed in merely to those problems which arise out of real the industrial and commercial life of the city. estate promotion schemes and those that appear Many of them do find their permanent place in the in the mind-set of the city man, recently trans- work life of the community. Some rise to high planted from the rural to the urban scene. places in civic and religious leadership. Others are absorbed in the city's industrial and commer- When one begins to study the different real estate promotion schemes that have had their day cial activities for a time only. Many are "let out" in Wichita, one begins to suspect that at least in at 45 and younger. Then it is that the sense of this respect Wichita has just grown up "like lostness and conscious maladjustment seizes them Topsy." Many subdivisions of the city have been and they suffer severe disillusionments, growing sanely promoted and have come as a normal result out of their own false hopes and the inadequacies of the demands of a growing city. Charts made of our modern city civilization in making perfor the city planning commission as early as 1923 manent room for them. One could not catalogue indicate some 23 different city plots that were the personal, the home, the social and the spirannexed, undeveloped, tax delinquent, and va- itual difficulties that the alert pastor must face in cated. Since that time many of these have been the fulfilment of his day-by-day pastoral duties, reannexed and developed as residential sectors. ministering to city dwellers today. The burst of the real estate boom in 1887 was purely a resultant of wild land speculation that One tremendous opportunity that the city brought a stalemate to city growth for ten years. church has today is the religious opportunity of Fifty church fammes from one church group influencing various professional groups through alone moved their residence from Wichita to the channels of religious inspiration and counsel. Eureka because they thought it offered more se- This seems to be the growing edge of the church's curity for their religious colony, and a more per- responsibility in civic life. So much of the work manent location for a denominational school of the Christian pastor in these days must be done center. The church of which I am now pastor as a professional religious adviser on the city came into being in those years, when two young streets and in the marketplace. Jesus found the condition quite different in the temple of Jeru-

RELIGIOUS PROBLEMS OF A MmWEST CITY

salem and on the streets of the Holy City from inadvertently. Adults are caught today in the what it was on the plains of Palestine and along throes of diversified and competitive Sunday pulls, the quiet shores of Galilee. The city pastor today, until Sunday for many has become a nightmare, likewise, finds the demands of the city quite dif- instead of a day of rest and worship. Schools, ferent from that of the more distinctly rural field. particularly universities, tend more and more to Religious work in the city must be adapted to the use Sunday for extras such as rehearsals, open highly specialized interests represented in city house and public concerts. Recreational groups life. The churchman in the city must face with and institutions, particularly those heavily com- courage and vision the demands of the city and mercialized, make their appeal more and more to adapt the work of his organization to the meeting Sunday crowds. Certain industries and commer- of those apparent spiritual needs, if the church of cial enterprises feel that they must open Sundays, the city is to have transforming and redemptive and the fact that people, including some church power. The city religious worker, today, who is people, patronize these businesses would indicate true to his trust, will face fearlessly as Jesus did that there is a public demand for Sunday open- the clannishness, the bigotries, and the self-suffi- ing. Then as a more recent development is the ciencies of privileged city classes, as his Master growing practice of professional and civic groups did before him. Likewise, he will follow the foot- to use Sundays as their big days for opening and steps of his Lord in entering sympathetically into closing their festivities. One divisive pull alone the problems of the underprivileged, the confused, would not be so devastating to the work of the and the harassed individuals who walk the city churches-but the aggregate of all these divisive streets without a real sense of security and "at pulls make it most difficult for churches to carry homeness." The spiritual service man renders to on consistent and constructive work on the day common humanity is still the best indication of that was once recognized as the Lord's day, and man's divinity. the day of the church's major opportunity.

The Secularization of Life What is the church to do about the seculariza- tion .of Sunday? Some churchmen are militant The secularization of contemporary urban life about the situation – and seek legislation, safemanifests itself in a number of ways, but no mani- guarding the Lord's Day for church purposes, festations of that secularization are more signifi- particularly certain well established hours. Some cant in the demands upon the city church for are troubled in the face of the situation-and seek urban adaptation than those that grow out of counsel. Some are intensely serious in the face (1) the secularization of Sunday and (2) the secularization of youth's sense of relative values. of the situation and are seeking ways to make Sunday more meaningful and ways also to sup- The secularized competitive usages that city plement th,e church's Sunday work with mean- people are bringing into their week-end and Sun- ingful week-day activities. Who is there who day experiences handicap the work of city does not recognize the gravity of the situation churches more than any reader of this article fully realizes. The chart made by the Week-Day sufficiently to realize that the church's one day of Religious Education Board reveals the percentage major opportunity has been and is being ruth- of attendance of elementary children in attend- lessly dissipated by many thoughtless and needless ance at Week-Day Schools of Religion in 1935 and competitive usages? Easter Sunday, our churches . in Sunday Schools for the same year. The aver- were crowded to the doors. One member of the age percent for Sunday School attendance stands regular Sunday worshipping congregation was at 58.70, ranging from 44% to 63%. The average heard to remark: "This shows how many people percentage in attendance at the Week-Day can go to church when they really want to."

Schools of Religion, 90%, ranging from 84% to I wonder just where are we going, and what 9670 in the different schools. Many factors enter are we going to do next Sunday, and the next into the fact that a greater percentage go to Sunday, and the next. In Wichita, we are for- W. D. R. E. than to S. S.; among these factors tunate enough to have both a board of education are "clothes," "the gang spirit," and the fact of and a city council that are sympathetic to the "no collection"-all in the favor of the W. D. R. E. church's problem. The publicly owned buildings school-but beyond these factors is the factor of Wichita are not open to the public on Sunday that parents. do not take the children away from for commercialized, competitive programs. Some the public school and the W. D. R. E. school for professional groups have given consideration to picnics, visiting and rural outings-as they take the church's need of a real opportunity to carry them from the Sunday School and the Sunday on its constructive and creative work by recog- worship program of the church. nizing Sunday as primarily the church's day. In But children are not the only ones who have the the main, however, it must be confessed that the influences of Sabbath observance taken from them problem has not seriously been faced by most in-

dividuals and groups within the city that should to be as group- and class-conscious as the Chamber be most concerned. of Commerce. A city-planning commission has been working since 1923 to effect a more whole- The other aspect of secularization I feel led to some city life. In times past the problems of face is also most real-I refer to the subconscious Wichita have been problems of its youth, exsecularization of our youth that takes place when pressed in growing pains. The problems today youth is educated only in and by our public school are the problems of middle age. Day after tosystem. Such education, valuable as it is, alone morrow they will be the problems of age. Right is not enough. The public schools, the high now interest is being manifest in filling in the schools, and the municipal university in this mid- gaps in city development by encouraging the erecwest city are so big, that the youth program of tion of diagonal streets to the four corners of the our churches appeal to the youth as too small and city. One of these has already been constructed, insignificant, unless the youth program of our terminating 'tlJt the airport. Another, soon we individual churches really does for these youth trust, will terminate at the Municipal University. what no public school, no matter how big, can ever Individual, unrelated real estate promotion do. Life to be healthy and whole must be under- schemes are giving way to city plannng and cogirded both by an adequate religious faith and an operative promotion enterprises. One cannot lisadequate religious experience in real spiritual fel- ten in at Democratic meetings these days and hear lowship. The church that meets this two-fold the words "the present recession" and at Repubneed will have the loyalty of its youth. The lican meetings and hear the echo, "the Roosevelt church's opportunity seems to be in those small depression," without feeling that the buoyant ingroup and age fellowship organizations where a dividualism of the past is really giving way to a type of religious. work and experience is nurtured sense of chastened optimism and perhaps also a quite comparable to the experience and work sense of somewhat restrained social responsibility. Jesus shared in the intimacies of fellowship with His disciple band. This likewise is true of the The Church in these days is caught up by the Christian Youth Council and the "Y" organiza- mood of the times. No great church buildings or tions. cathedrals are now being built in Wichita. No church is rushing into. new territory. The Council Looking Into the Future of Churches is not reaching out to take advanced ground with the boundless enthusiasm of the days I began this paper with an expression of bound- of its youth-yet it is conserving its status and less optimism, growing out of the consciousness it is undergirding itself for real work ahead, as that Wichita has been a rapidly growing city, are many of the churches. The Council of from the time of its founding until now. A new Churches grew out of a sense of shared church factor, however, has come into our common ex- responsibility some 18 years ago. The principle perience in more recent years. These depression of unrestrained individual church freedom had and recession years have disciplined our minds as Wichitans, as it has the minds and spirits of men run its course, and through the vision and courage and women the world around. Weare beginning of men like A. A. Hyde, Wichita's chief philanto recognize that the problems we now face and thropist, and Ross Sanderson, Wichita's pioneer are destined to face in the future will be more cooperative statesman; the Council of Churches difficult and baffling, for they will grow out of a was organized on a sane and constructive basis. more static situation. We already have one-fifth Last fall the National Preaching Mission conof our population on relief-in that we are one ducted in Wichita demonstrated the increased with our nation. Our sense of self-sufficiency has spiritual power that is released within a city like been somewhat broken in recent years as we have Wichita when churches join wholeheartedly in watched great dust clouds roll in from the South- united Christian effort. The growing sense of west and· as we have watched government agency interdenominational interrelatedness that is ours after goVernment agency established with head- today is a powerful and latent spiritual force quarter§: in our city for the relief of those in need undergfrding the churches for better days ahead. of govenhment subsidy. Kansas wheat farmers, historic~1ly individualistic and independent, have The future is uncharted. Spiritual needs will sensed their dependence and their interdepend- forever manifest themselves as real and all-com- ence, and have been learning to cooperate to pelling: The spirit of the Christ in the churches forward common interests and welfare of the com- will forever rise up to meet those needs. Just so .mon weal. Then, too, group- and class-conscious- long as the church, as "the body of Christ," emness has been growing within the city itself. bodies His Spirit and adapts itself to the changing Under the Wagner Act, labor g"roups are coming needs of the city, just so long will spiritual transinto a consciousness of group needs and bid fair formations take place and Christ's redemptive power wiiI be felt in the life of this midwest city.

I Believe in Jesus

I I~.- –tijf By GENERALISSIMO CHIANG KAI-SHEK* of China · AITH and superstition are two entirely dif- did he receive a so-called higher education. He ferent things. We must all realize that super- was born in an ordinary home of the laboring class, the son of a carpenter. Because He per- Pstition is not faith, and that those who really have faith will not wander off into vulgar super- ceived that His nation was on the verge of ruin, stition. If a man lacks faith he can accomplish that Abraham's seed was about to be destroyed, nothing; nor can he accomplish anything if he He courageously decided to undertake the arduous admits superstition into his life. Men nowadays task of restoring His nation; He dedicated him- often regard faith as superstition, and supersti- self wholly to the cause, and resolved to struggle tion as faith, and because the two are confused, sacrificially for the salvation of his people; more those who oppose superstition also discard faith. than that, to save all mankind. So He led his fol- We should all know that the success of any lowers throughout the land, and by means of enterprise means that faith is indispensable. In preaching and healing, and through His divine these days when principles are in eclipse and de- wisdom and His unequaled power to present the sires run riot, when government is torn up, when three great themes of truth, righteousness and the people are suffering, and the nation is strug- life, He awakened His nation, He led His people, gling in disaster, how can we be saved from un- to bring about national revolution.

paralleled calamity unless there is vigorous faith Social Significance of the Gospel and confident assurance of victory? On the one hand we must break down all superstition, and Second, believe in Jesus because He was a leader on the other hand we must all the more exalt a of social revolution. The causes of a nation's de- cline are indeed many, but failure to remedy, by positive faith. For example, if we can believe in orderly change, the people's economic life is one the "Three Principles" first enunciated by Sun of the chief causes of national downfall. So who- Yat-sen, we can go and practice them. Because ever would promote a national revolution must we firmly believe the truth and righteousness. of first completely eradicate the ignorance, the corthe "Three Principles," we fear nothing. And ruption and the disorders of society, its selfishness this psy;chology of not being afraid, this spirit of and greed; then with a new spirit he can build fearlessness, comes from faith. up a new life, abundant, expanding and ascending. Thus he will seek the emancipation of His people. Jesus the Revolutionary First, believe in Jesus because He was a leader Jesus attacked with all his might the evil forces of national revolution. When Jesus came to earth. of His day; He tried with all His power to over- the Jewish nation was daily growing weaker. It come its pernicious mores. His purpose was none had suffered the full measure of insult and oppres- other than by means of His leadership and ideal- sion from the Roman imperial authority. From ism to deliver His submerged people out of dark- history we can see that the Jewish people, stag- ness so that they might become a new people. He gering under the violence of their enemies, were laid the foundat'ions of social revolution.

no different from cattle and slaves; all liberties Third, believe in Jesus because He was a leader had been taken away from them and all power put of religious revolution. Jesus saw the rottenness into the hands of Romans. At that time not only of religion in his day, the evil customs, and per- could Jewish national independence show no re- verted beliefs; the leaders one and all cheated the sistance, but even the will to resist had vanished. people, and imposed on them their false beliefs, Fortunately, at this point in the course of events seeking only their own selfish profit. Autocracy in Jesus Christ was born. the Jewish church, and the hollowness of its rit- He was not a scion of the nobility. He was ual, pained and deeply grieved Jesus. He recog- without temporal position and worldly power; He nized that unless the perverted beliefs and the did not grow up in a home of wealth, and still less hypocrisy were done away with He could not re- * A radio address broadcast fronl Hankow, China, ,on Easter eve, vive His prostrate people, and still less could He spread abroad and exalt the true spirit of religion. April 16, 1938. Translated into English by Prof. Warren H. Stuart So He constantly rebuked those who vaingloriof the College of Emporia, Emporia, Kansas. Reprinted from The Chl'istian Century.

[415 ]

ously prayed at street intersections; he vigorously China and C~ristianity opposed those who in the name of religion would Now look at our nation. Suffering the last hundeceive the people-evildoers who undermine so- dred years from the corruption and weakness of ciety. He cast out the traders and overthrew the the Manchus, its condition bears striking resemmoney changers' tables; by means of a parable blance to the situation in Jesus' day. He exposed the wicked husbandmen, brought to book the wicked tribute-eollectors, and rebuked Sun Yat-sen, cherishing love for God and man, the covetous capitalists. suffused with the revolutionary spirit of Jesus, and motivated by universal love, followed the path All these efforts were solely to lead his people of revolution for forty years as if but for a day. out of darkness into light, from defeatism into With utter self-sacrifice He sought freedom for active struggle, from riotous living into decency, the Chinese people. At last in 1911 the Manchus' from greed and corruption into frugality and holi- imperial rule was overthrown, and the Republic ness. This work of reforming religion and cleans- of China broul'ht into being. Thus was the work ing away its evils – how important it was, and of national revolution achieved. what a Herculean task! How daringly and decisively, and with what utter abando~, Jesus en- As Sun Ya.t-sen's successor, I look ahead into deavored to rescue the Church and SOCIety of that the consequences of the people's revolution and day from its myriad ills to awaken the masses think over the causes of our present spiritual defrom their ignorance! So Jesus was a leader of pression, I firmly believe that in seeking to bring religious revolution. national recovery and social progress, we must advocate Jesus' spirit of universal love and of Love the Law of Life sacrifice. I feel that whatever one does, whether As I constantly study the basis of Jesus' revolu- dealing with men and situations, or commanding tionary spirit-where it was actually rooted-I and carrying on the government, in all forms of feel that the basis lay entirely in His spirit of love. service, only love and peace are the foundations of He a.imed by this spirit of universal love to expel human life; and struggle and sacrifi·ce are a revo- lutionary's duty. This was the attitude of Jesus. the wrong thinking of men, to abolish their unj ?st This was my meaning on a former occasion when systems, to make it possible for everr man to .enJoy his God-given rights, and the blessmgs. of lIberty . I said, "Until peace has become hopeless, never and fraternity. Jesus felt that "all within the forsake peace; when sacrifice has become necesfour seas are brethren," so he wanted men to sary, then sacrifice without reservation." draw near and love one another, sharing in time During the last few years, whenever at leisure of trial, helping one another in time of illness. from pressing duties, I have been promoting a Between nations He wanted to promote peace and social movement which has produced some wide- spread results. I refer to the New Life Movejustice, so all his life He opposed v!olence and ?I?- held fair dealing. He always cherIshed the SPIrIt ment. I am well aware that in this movement the of mercy, and helped the weak. His ~ords an.d superficial aspects may easily be emphasized while deeds manifest at every point the realIty of HIS the heart of it is neglected; it is easy to stress its universal love, and His spirit of revolutionary material phase, while overlooking its spirit. Now I have something new to add: that is to say, self-sacrifice. Because Jesus desired to fulfill His heaven-ap- if we are really going to practice the new method of living, not only must we have a new spirit, we pointed mission to save mankind, h.e held. fast to must have a New Life. This new life must have an indomitable resolve, an unwavermg faIth; He Jesus' spirit of universal love, and His determinamaintained an attitude of perfect good will, even tion to sacrifice Himself; only thus can this qualat the cost of life itself, not hesitating to sacrifice ity of new life be obtained. all so that his courageous. heart might struggle to th; end. And even when He faced the cross, with In brief, the spirit of Jesus is constructive, sacits unparalleled torture, he still remained un- rificial, holy, true, peaceable, forward-looking, full moved, unshaken by his trials. He maintained of eager striving; and it is revolutionary throughsupreme loyalty to ideals and duty, supreme mag- out. My fellow countrymen, let us cherish the nanimity toward friends. and comrades. Such de- idea of a "new birth"; let us maintain the resovotion and sympathy are the more precious be- lution of "sacrifice." Let us hold Jesus as the goal cause so difficult to attain. Then see Him nailed for human living; let us keep the mind of Jesus high on the cross, asking His heavenly Father to as our mind, the life of Jesus as our life. Let us have mercy upon His foes because of their igno- bravely go with Him to the cross, to seek the everrance. Behold how limitless is His spirit of uni- lasting peace of mankind, and the renewal of our versal love! nation of China.

Jesus' creative revolutionary spirit is founded The economic mess in which the world finds itself today just on this, His spirit of universal love. is more a mess of sin than a mess of economic ignorance. ·-Professor John Baillie.

Transformations in West

By G. C. BEANLAND, Nkolmvolan, Cameroun.

THERE is warfare which is far more subtle out, then carry them to their towns where they and engaging than any military campaign; are planed and prepared for these new buildings the warfare carried on between the soldiers and for attractive furniture. Others are learning of the Cross of Christ and the hordes of evil in the art of burning brick and tile, with which they all parts of Africa. Here is the great adventure are constructing very durable and serviceable for the Christian Church. It is a difficult task to houses. Still others are learning to build houses overthrow the evil, superstitious practices of with mud walls, which, when whitewashed with paganism and supplant them with the truths con- white clay taken from the beds of the streams, cerning God, man, and nature. The missionaries' make very attractive houses. part in this great work is that of teacher of hand, Another change is noticed in the dress of the head, heart and health. His work is never done. He must be continually on the job and no matter people. Our Industrial School conducts a tailorin which of the four categories of mission work, ing class in which young men have been taught industrial, medical, evangelistic or educational, to make clothing like that worn by the white man. his work lies, all his talents must be engaged all After an apprenticeship of sufficient time, these young men graduate and, on returning to their of the time to be able to see hts cherished plants towns, set themselves up as "village tailors" and grow and flourish. very few of them suffer from idleness as they Cameroun Colony on the West coast of Africa, have all the work they can do for their towns- where the work of the American Presbyterian people. Chauffeurs and mechanics are trained in Church is carried on, is a mandated colony under our Industrial School who are in great demand to the care and protection of the French Govern- care for and drive the many motors which have ment. It was a German colony prior to the great been brought out by traders and government World War, and after the war was mandated to officials. In order for these motors to function France. Mission work was greatly hampered and properly, of course, there must be good roads, impeded during the struggle but the natives were and the old trails of former days have given way led to realize our great dependence upon God and to modern gravel roads threading the country and His protecting power over all of us and we suf- connecting the different administrative points and fered comparatively little during those terrible days. Changing regimes brought about many commercial centers. Our medical department ad- ministers to the many sick people who are broug~t changes in our mission work but we adjusted in to our hospitals from all the regions round ourselves to the new government and we have had about, so that the natives who are suffering from very cordial and sympathetic relations with the the various tropical diseases can have medical French administration since their occupation of attention. This is bringing about a great change the colony. in the health conditions of the country.

Certain changes are noted in which the mission Since the introduction of our mission schools, and missionaries have had some part since the which at first had a very skeptical reception, work of the mission was established along the there has been noticed quite an intellectual change West coast of Africa about fifty years ago. One among these people. They are a people of marvelnotices today new and attractive homes of some ous memories, keen perception and very vivid of the natives which are being built along the imagination. They are not such philosophers as motor roads of the country. The young men have are the sons of Shem and Japheth but they are learned in the carpenter shops how to saw the nobody's fools. They have a very rich storehouse planks from the great timbers of the forest and of folklore and traditions and much of their how to build their homes with these planks. Not past is to be known only as one draws it out of being able to haul their timbers to the sawmill, the older people in conversation. To introduce they resort to the primitive method of digging a our schools to them we had at first, of course, to pit and rolling a section of the log over the pit reduce some of their language to writing as they ancl with large saws laboriously rip the planks have never had any method of writing or record- [417 ]

ing their language. It has been merely handed of the hardest fields of the mission. He and his down from father to son through countless faithful wife were sent far away into the heart generations. After the first translation of some of a very heathen tribe and there they established parts of the Gospel, and after the school children a home and set up their family altar. Soon word had become able to read and write their own came down saying "I have one convert." Later language, the schools took care of themselves. on he gained others and slowly he built up a little Word spread to many of the tribes that the mis- nucleus of believers about him. Other evangelists sion was able to teach the children to read and were sent up into that tribe because the people, write and soon schools were asked for by many of through the influence of this first evangelist, be- the chiefs of the different tribes, until today our gan calling for them. Finally it was deemed ad- schools are scattered throughout the entire area visable to establish a church in that tribe and of South Cameroun, even to the border. today there is one of the strongest churches in Not only did we give them our schools but we Cameroun in "hat locality, which was formally have given them a literature. At first the Gospels a superstitious, pagan, cannibalistic tribe.

and Acts were translated and later the whole of Another young man, Ze Esim, is a very lovable, the New Testament was given to them in their Christian character. He came to us from one of own language and put into the schools as a text- the older mission fields and was placed in the book. Now we have about finished the translation center of a very wicked tribe as there were a few of the entire Bible. Other literature, such as boys there who were inclined towards the things Pilgrim's Progress, school books, pamphlets for of God. Ze scoured the country round about and distribution in the towns and a monthly· news attracted scores of children to his school where sheet are some of the materials which have been he saturated them with the Gospel and taught gotten out on our well equipped Halsey Memorial them verses of Scripture to carry away in their Press. The printed page is going into the homes hearts. Opposed by some of the old heathen men, of most of the people who have learned to read he would preach to them and pray with them until and it is having its effect of spreading the news several of these men came over into the camp of of the Kingdom of God into many parts of the Ze's God. "Pray for me," wrote Ze, "as old land. Satan is trying to tear up my work, but I know Besides the physical changes and the intellectual that if I am faithful and persistent, Christ will change of the people we notice a spiritual change give us the victory for has He not said, 'Lo I am as well. These Bantu people are animistic and with you always even unto the end of the world.' "

have nothing in their faith that we may class as Craving more learning and a better way to preach a religion, but there is a superstitious fear of the Word of God, Ze is preparing himself for the the Great Spirit (Zambe) who made the world pastorate. With such a spirit he is bound to win and peopled it. There are many lesser gods and many more souls for the Kingdom of God.

their idea of worship is only some method of On such men as these, whom we can number appeasing the wrath of the Great Spirit or of by the scores, we are depending to build up the these lesser gods by sacrifice of fowls or animals; Kingdom of God in Cameroun. It is told that the consequently the old Jewish custom of sacrifice authorities in one of the African ports desired to as an atonement for sin has a special appeal to build a wharf alongside of which ocean-going them. We have, however, sought to teach them vessels might tie up and discharge their cargo of the great sacrifice made once and for all for and take on other cargo, so they ordered great those who believe in the strong Son of God. This timbers from Europe. These timbers were sunk Good News has laid hold upon thousands of these into the mud at the mouth of one of the big rivers natives and for them there is joy and happiness and their wharf built upon them. Soon the ter- in the new found life in Christ. Young men and mites began to eat into these timbers and they women are turning away from their old fetishes crumbled away into the river. Then the authori- and are giving allegiance to the Man of Galilee ties went into the great forest adjoining and cut who "came not to be ministered unto but to min- down some of the fine old mahogony trees, squared ister and to give His life a ransom for many." the logs, and, bringing these down to the coast, There was a fine young man who entered our sank them into this same mud and built their village school. He came from a very pagan tribe wharf upon them. There they stand because they and, by persevering in his studies, progressed are indigenous to the country and the termites rapidly and later asked to be admitted to the theo- cannot destroy them. The foundations of the logical school. He was a bright, inquisitive fellow Church of Christ are strong and we have faith to and tried to carry out the instructions of his believe that the faithful, Christian men and wom- teacher very faithfully. He was noted for his en of Cameroun will withstand the ravages of all piety and prayerfulness and when licensed by the destructive agencies for they are built upon Presbytery to preach, he asked to be sent to one the solid Rock.

A MOSLEM FEAST IN GOLDEN BANQUET HALL OF IMAM RIDA

The Story of Meshed, a Sacred City y the REV. DWIGHT M. DONALDSON, -.<!Ii{ Meshed, Iran A.uthor of "The Shi'ite Religion",. Missionary of [ : the Presb'yterian Church, u. S. A.

THE modern province of Khorasan has an area This is the third largest city in Iran and lies of 150,000 square 'miles. This is a little less about as many miles east of Jerusalem as Rome than one fourth of the entire area of Iran. lies to the west. Among the Jews of the Disper- Its population, notwithstanding its vast stretches sion, who returned to their homes after Pentecost of desert, is about equal to that of the fertile prov- with the marvelous news of. the risen Christ, were ince of Azerbaijan (1,500,000). While in Azer- Parthians, liedes and Elamites, and dwellers in baijan, in the northwest, American missionary Mesopotamia. It must have been shortly after the work was begun as early as 1835, in Khorasan, writing of the great report of St. Paul's mission- the large province in the northeast, bordering on ary jour~ys and preaching in Rome, that other Afghanistan and Turkestan, there was no mission believers, 'such as the Apostle Addai and Tatian, work established until the opening of Meshed in made their way East with the Christian Gospel.

1911. This is the largest and most significant pil- We know that before the overthrow of the Par- grimage city in Iran. Preliminary itinerating thiandynasty in A. D. 225, there were more than journeys were made by American missionaries in twenty Bishoprics in Mesopotamia and in Iran.

1878, 1894, and 1905, and finally in 1911 Rev. Furthermore, at an Eastern Council in A. D. 424, Lewis F. Esselstyn, D.D., was ,sent to occupy delegates came from the distant cities of Nisha- Meshed. pur and Herat and Merw.

[419 ] electro nic fil e created by cafis.org

In spite of the severe persecutions of Christians which has acquired this significance because it by the Sassanian kings, there were still communi- has been taken from near the tomb of the Imam ties of Christians in Iran at the time of the rise Rida, whom he trusts as his Friend, his Guide, of Islam in the seventh century, but the power of hi~ Mediator, and his Master.

the old Sassanian Empire was completely over- It is believed to be a special advantage to be thrown, and the forces of Islam pushed rapidly to buried near the Imam, in order to rise along with the East. Arab influence swept across Iran and him on the Judgment day, and be thus rated Afghanistan and on to India. Devastating wars among the friends and supporters of the Prophet and famines followed, so that by the time of Mohammed. Accordingly, for nearly a thousand Harun aI-Rashid (who died A. D. 786), who years, high prices have been paid for cemetery showed marked hostility to his Christian subjects, privileges near the grave of the Imam. For ages the remote communities of believers in Khorasan were almost wiped out.We read that Christian camel caravans have wended their way on long doctors took part in meetings that were held for desert j ourne~' that ended in Meshed, and frereligious discussion before the Caliph Ma'mun quently, in addition to their loads of merchandise, early in the ninth century in Merw. they have brought the bodies of good Mohamme- dans who died in distant places but who had ex- The Imam Rida pressed the wish to be buried in the great ceme- tery here. It is the custom also for corpses to be Harun al-Rashid's last military expedition was carried in solemn procession around the Imam's to quell a rebellion in Khorasan, but when he tomb before burial. About this tomb successive reached the city of Tus he fell ill'and died.' He kings of Persia, (Iran) have built a magnificent was buried in a garden sixtl'len miles away, and . shrine, with a dome and minarets of gold. Behis son Ma'mun moved on. .with the troops. to side ·it is. a, mosque, with a still larger dome of Merw, where he established his capital and main- tiles of turquoil?e blue. The sacred center of the a tained the authority of the Abbasid Caliphate in city is thia;;shrlrte;area. Devout Moslems stop as the East. Ma'mun made what he thought was a they cross st:reetthat leads to it, and bow to- politic effort to unite the great schism in Islam be- wards its resplendent golden dome.

tween the Sunnites and the Shi'ites by designating Changing Time as his heir apparent to the Caliphate the highly esteemed lineal descendant of the "prophet" Mu- A new day has now come in Meshed. On the hammad, the Imam Ali al-Rida, who was the other side of the city from the tomb of the Imam, recognized spiritual leader of the Shi'ites. This but with money from the Shrine endowments, a expedient proved to be exceedingly unpopular large modern hospital has been erected. The gov- among the Sunnites, however, and when the army ernment is systematically administering Shrine was on the return journey to Baghdad, it is said funds for public welfare, and among the efforts that the Imam Rida fell ill from eating grapes thus subsidized is a school for boys, with an im- that had been poisoned. As he died during the posing building that resembles the main building days of the encampment at the tomb. of Harun al- of the American College in Teheran, a curriculum Rashid, the Caliph Ma'mun had him buried with for 12 classes and an attendance of over 700 boys.

conspicuous honor at this place, in the garden of There is a similar school for girls, all in the name Sanabad, which later came to be known as the of the Imam Rida, with money exacted from the mashhad, or place of martyrdom, of the Imam Shrine authorities by the government.

Rida. Meshed~The Shrine City In order to accommodate automobile traffic the streets of Meshed have had to be widened, and to In the ravages of the Mongol invasions in the the amazement of everybody a great thoroughfare thirteenth century the city of Tus was destroyed, has been cut directly through the famous old cemeand a new city gradually grew up aro~nd the tomb tery on the north side of the Shrine, and hundreds of the Imam. This was the city of Mashhad, of the flat tombstones were used to pave the new which foreigners have come to call Meshed. sidewalks. Stories were told of miracles of healing through After ten years of work; in rented houses, the prayer in the name of the Imam, or through drink- missionaries in Meshed secured the present coming water mixed with dust swept from the tomb. pound of something over fourteen acres. It lies The very clay from the garden was reported to inside the city and is within view of the Shrine. have magic powers, and tablets of it are regularly used in the ritual of the daily prayers. The wor- Formerly it was land used for truck-gardening shiper lays the clay tablet on a cloth or prayer-rug but now there are trees and lawns and it is known that lies before him, and in the prescribed pros- as "The American Garden." It was purchased at trations he touches his forehead to the sacred clay, forty cents a square yard, but now it is appraised at four times as much.

THE STORY OF MESHED, A SACRED CITY

On this land there are five missionary resi- the Mission compound. It has enrolled a small dences, a fifty-bed hospital, and an elementary but homogeneous group of boys, in spite of serious school for boys. At the entrance to the compound opposition from Moslem parents .and the keen there is a Reading Room, which is a center for the competition of government schools. The reasons sale and distribution of evangelistic literature, for the existence of Mission schools, both for boys with a room where individuals come for Christian and for girls, are at least as strong as the reasons instruction. Another small building, near the for such schools in any other city in Iran. There football field, is used as a recreation center. is no other mission school within a radius of al- Medical work was begun in 1915, in a rented most six hundred miles. Well within that circle Iranian house, with one doctor and no trained as- lies the great province of Khorasan, with a fourth sistants. After steady development there is now of the area and about a sixth of the population of a well-planned hospital with good modern equip- all Iran, and including about a dozen smaller cities ment and trained workers. In addition to the tens that would send some of the best of their boys of thousands of patients who have been treated in the base hospital at Meshed, many more thousands have been helped on itinerating trips to other cities in the province of Khorasan. In 1924 a trip was made to Herat in Afghanistan and an- other a few years later.

Patients include many Iranians, Turks and Afghans, as well as some Indians and Arabs, Rus- sians and other Europeans. The great majority are Moslems, but there are also Jews, Hindus, Sikhs and Christians, as well as some who have no religious belief. It is the aim of the hospital staff that all should receive loving care in the name of the Saviour of mankind. Many pilgrims to the Shrine also come to the "American Chris- tian Hospital," and when they return to their far- off villages they sometimes take with them, not only gratitude for physical improvement, but a new spiritual hope.

The hospital also provides medical care for lepers who live in a village two miles outside the city. This is the only organized work for lepers in all Iran. There have been some actual cures from the dreaded disease, and treatment almost always stops its progress and relieves acute suf- MOSQUE OF THE BLUE TILES .aT ME'SHED fering.

The hospital maintains a standard of medical and girls to Mission schools in Meshed if they work that may serve as an example to the na- were developed so as to have boarding departtionals as they build their own hospitals. To co- ments, a secondary school, an industrial branch, operate with the Iranian doctors there are med- and such other facilities for work as would be ical conferences and public health meetings to commensurate with the strategic location and the stress matters of hygiene, sanitation and pre- unique opportunities of Meshed. ventive medicine. Infant and maternal mor- tality, though slowly decreasing, is still appalling, The Church in Its Khorasan Environment and much attention should be given to the instruction of mothers in child-care, midwives should be The fresh-water streams of Khorasan disappear trained, and constructive public health programs in the great salt desert, for they flow from the should be inaugurated. Along with this growth upper plateau into the central depression, known are even more favorable opportunities for the as the Great Kavir. This may serve as a parable presentation of the Christian message of hope of much missionary effort which seems to have and salvation. been in vain. New converts from Islam may show Christian educational work was begun on a a kind of ecstasy and enthusiasm while they are very small scale, with classes in two hospital among the hills of vision, but too often their rooms; then the school moved to a rented building Water of Life seems to be lost as they come down and finally in 1929 a good building was erected on to the problem of making a living in Moslem SQ- electro nic fil e created by cafis.org

ciety. For several years the number of converts as their Saviour, may give more effective testiwho have been kept together in the Church group mony in their present occupations. Those Chrisin Meshed has been made up almost entirely of tians who are artisans and small tradesmen must those to whom the Mission or missionaries have be able to withstand petty persecution and boybeen able to give employment. Happily some of cotting and win their way by honesty and forthese have rendered faithful service and have bearance to recognized Christian influence. made progress in Christian living, but in the case of others, when Mission employment has not been It is said that the horses of Khorasan, the faavailable their loyalty has waned. mous Turkomans, have by adaptation to their environment become "bony and clumsy-looking At the present time there are significant changes quadrupeds, with marvelous power of endurance." in the social life in Iran and we believe that the The camels of Khorasan also are celebrated for time has finally come when it is altogether pos- their size and strength. "They have very long sible for Moslems who have become Christians to hair and beat"·cold and exposure far better than find employment without working for the Mission. the ordinary Arabian or Iranian camels, which With industry, foresight,· thrift, patience, and carry only 320 lbs., whereas the Khorasan camels other virtues that make for Christian stamina this will carry from 600 to 700 lbs." In like manner can be done. Nevertheless, these Christians, in it is greatly to be desired that the converts from their capacity as pioneer missionaries among their Islam in Khorasan, and likewise the missionaries own people, need much sustaining love and prayer who are sent to this distant province, will so adapt that those of them who became Christians as themselves as to take root as Christians in this young men in mission schools may continue to be difficult environment, and in consequence may known as Christians in the cities where they go develop exceptional powers of endurance with a to work and that those who were patients or help- strong faith to carry cheerfully extra-heavy ers in mission hospitals, and who accepted Christ burdens.

A Church Serving the Whole Community By the REV. WILLIAM C. MUNDS, Corpus Christi, Texas f3.- Rector of the Church of the Good Shepherd ,:' of splendid educational buildings and parish houses closed from Sunday to Sunday. That is I N VIEW of the communal life upon which so- why the Church is often looked upon as purely a ciety is organized and in view of the service one-day-a-week institution. In the use of its equip- ideal which undergirds all Christian activity, ment, the Church must lose its smug, ecclesiastical the whole community is the definite responsibility life in the effort to have the spirit of Christ per- of the Church. If this be not so, the Church has meate every phase of our every-day life. The no reason nor excuse for its existence. Church must become an integral part of the life of man. In assuming responsibility for the whole One of the outmoded concepts of the Church's community, the Church must set up a compre- mission is that the Church is merely a preaching hensive program. This will vary in different station. According to the Gospel record our Lord types of communities, therefore we shall suggest preached very little, but he did a great deal. The a variety of activities in the hope that those in- Church should concern itself less with words and terested may find some helpful suggestions. more with deeds. The work of the Church in the ; foreign field for the past quarter century is a con- To begin with, the Church needs to understand crete illustration of this method. its community. This can best be accomplished by careful survey to determine the community's We must also cease stressing the importance of needs. Many splendid programs have failed for denominational loyalty to the exclusion of a pri- the reason that they were conceived without any mary loyalty to Christ and His way of life. This reference to actual conditions. Since the trend larger view is necessary as one cannot think in today is in the direction of highly institutionalized terms of community interests if he is first forced programs, the temptation is strong to make our to hurdle denominational barriers.

Church buildings must serve community needs. It is nothing short of a disgrace to see thousands

A CHURCH SERVING THE WHOLE COMMUNITY

churches beehives of activity. But little is accom- The crux of the community problem is here. It plished through such activity unless it effectively is not possible to raise the general moral level of a serves a definite purpose. The wise minister will community until the basic causes for juvenile know his community. That is the first step. delinquency are eliminated. It is utter stupidity and neglect of duty to assume that the general In making a survey, it is also necessary to know moral tone of a community can be improved until the assets of a community as well as its liabilities. more attention is given to the underprivileged There are usually agencies doing splendid work groups. Leadership for such work should come both in the character building and in the general from our churches. health field. The Church should use these agencies and bring people in contact with the organizations The city slums constitute a terrible indictment best fitted to serve their needs. It is a sinful against the Church, for often individual church waste of energy and money for the Church to members are responsible for the continued existduplicate work already being done efficiently by ence of such areas. Every social study reveals others. Our communities need today wise social the downward pull of the slum areas upon the engineering, and the Church can make a valuable moral tone of a community. The slums are the contribution in the field by supplying the initia- breeders of every known type of crime, and they tive and leadership. must be eliminated before civilization can be pulled up to higher levels. That is a responsi- Responsibility Toward Youth bility of the Church.

But there are many other contributions that the The Church and Moral Evils Church can and should make to the life of a community. The list that we shall discuss will not be The Church, being responsible for the whole comprehensive, but merely suggestive. The most community, must assume some obligation for the important phase of the Church's responsibility for evil conditions, as well as for developing the the whole community is towards its youth, and forces that are good. It is fallacious reasoning to being responsible for youth, the Church must as- assume that God will be satisfied to receive a sume the responsibility for the whole life of youth, chosen few into close fellowship with Himself social and recreational as well as religious. The and not be concerned with the multitudes who, prevailing theory of Christian workers is that if because of unspeakably bad social conditions, are youth is given proper spiritual foundations, other outside the circle of His divine society on earth. phases of youth's life will take care of themselves. Christianity is not only a personal religion, it But such a theory does not work, for youth de- is also a social religion which touches every area mands more than religious training. A whole- of life. As our Lord so trenchantly said, "I am some, social and recreational experience is needed not sent but unto the lost sheep." and if the Church does not supply it, the youth will go elsewhere to find it, and much of the com- One of the most degrading and injurious elemercial, social and recreational activities offered ments of any community is prostitution. This sin to youth is unwholesome, even harmful to char- only encourages the beast in man, destroys the acter. The time has come to face this situation idealism of youth, harbors the criminal, spreads frankly and inaugurate a youth program which gonorrhea and syphilis to a degree which is alarmwill provide wholesome social and recreational ing, but it injures the home and takes toll· in huexperiences as well as religious. training. man life that is enormous. Far from protecting virtuous womanhood, prostitution threatens her An increasingly large number of parishes and life and happiness. Whenever it is abolished, sex congregations are now conducting socials for crimes are reduced to a low level and the moral young people with splendid results. Other forms tone of the community is raised. Nothing is acof amusement may also be provided: girls' and complished by merely publicly protesting against boys' basketball teams, choral societies, young the existence of this institution. Far better for people's service leagues, dramatic clubs, Boy the churches to employ trained experts to handle Scouts, Camp Fire Girls, and a score of other ac- the situation. Prostitution can be removed from tivities that not only fill a real need but also serve a community and it is the Church's duty to help to tie young people closer to the Church.. remove it.

In thinking through its responsibility for the If it is true, as someone has said, that "it is the whole community, the Church must also minister duty of the Church to always concern itself with to the underprivileged groups. There are chil- the social problems that harass humanity," then dren and young people who need the Church, but the Church should instantly concern itself with who belong to the group not often welcomed by the divorce problem, a problem that is threatenthe Church. Admittedly, there are very real prob- ing the stability of the American home. Christ lems presented, but such problems can be solved. cannot be a dominant factor in homes that are

being broken up by divorce. Here again preach- viding the young people with wholesome social ing will accomplish little. The roots of the divorce and recreational activities. Desiring t{) meet this problem lie deep and the Church must adopt a need, at least in part, the Church of the Good c{)mprehensive educational program if construc- Shepherd, Episcopal, decided to build a Parish tive results are expected. Since marriage is a House. Several civic-minded citizens, who were serious undertaking, greater care must be used not members of the Episcopal Church, petitioned in preparing young people for it. If ministers the Church of the Good Shepherd to allow this everywhere would refuse to perform a ma.rriage building to be used by the whole community. The ceremony until they were convinced that the con- Parish was immediately faced with the question tracting parties were well qualified to undertake as to the Church's responsibility to the whole the venture, many hasty and ill-advised marriages community. would be av{)ided. An increasingly large number of churches are offering courses for young people After carefully considering the problem, it was on "The Preparation for Marriage, Home and decided that t'he community's needs must be con- Family," with surprisingly good .results. The sidered before parochial needs. A separate cortime is near when such courses will become a poration was formed, and an Operating Board recognized part of every Church School cur- was also appointed which included members from riculum.* practically every church in the city. While it is not officially an inter-church project, yet it is an Then there is the field of mental health. Every evidence of the splendid cooperative spirit which clergyman is now called upon to deal with people exists among churches of this city. who need the services of a psychologist or a psychiatrist. While he may be able personally to The Corpus Christi Civic Center is a building handle some of these cases, yet most of them will dedicated "To God for Youth." That is its prineed the services of experts. By putting those in mary purpose although it will serve a variety of need of this type of service in touch with the uses. proper agencies, the Church gives evidence of its concern for every form of human need. Some The building has a large auditorium seating churches have sponsored mental health clinics about 500 people and a stage for amateur drawith excellent results, especially where there is matics. It will be an ideal place for lectures, conno other agency doing this type of work. certs, and particularly socials for the young people. A fully equipped kitchen will serve 200 How One Church Served the Community people. Offices are provided for the Camp Fire Girls, Y. M. C. A., and other agencies. The base- It may prove helpful to relate how one Church ment contains a handball court, shower baths and accepted responsibility for a whole community locker rooms, free clinic for indigent children, a and is seeking to fulfil its obligations. game room and two parlors where various civic clubs may meet. A survey of the city {)f Corpus Christi, Texas, revealed a deplorable lack of facilities for pro- While this building will in no wise be able to serve the needs of the whole community, yet it is • Some communions require their clergy to give some type of a step in the right direction. There was a need. instruction to all those who apply for marriage. Individual The Church felt a responsibility to meet that need ministers of many communions have long offered such courses to and then did something about it.

prospective brides and bridegrooms. Few clergymen, if any, are In Corpus Christi there is another communal project. The missionary societies of six different qualified to give technical instruction on sex matters, but in every churches support and manage a Community Mis- sion in the Mexican section of the city. Each large city there are maternal health clinics available for such .pur- church is responsible for the religious services poses. In smaller communities progressive physicians will be glad conducted at the Mission for one month at a time. A trained Christian worker is soon to be employed to cooperate. Also there are splendid books on marriage that will to work among the people of that section.

prove helpful to those who read them. Every clergyman should have Each Church, as has been said, must study its particular community, and work out its own such books in his library to lend those who are to be married. program.

Obviously, none of these services can be rendered so long as the Church and her clergy refuse to assume a responsibility for dealing with this problem. The Church has an obligation which is some- thing far greater than actually performing the marriage ceremony.

Many communions realize the seriousness of this problem and are taking steps to safeguard the stability of the .home. At the last General Convention of the Episcopal Church a measure was intro- duced forbidding any clergyman of that communion to marry any couple until they had presented him with a certificate of health which included a Wassermann test against syphiIls. The measure was defeated by a small majority and wl!l undoubtedly be passed at some subsequent convention. The home is an institution which is vital to every community. Sinee the Church sanctifies the mar- riage relationship, it must help to make it a more intelligible and a more harmonious relationship. W. C. M.

Too many Christian bodies of various kinds are spending more time and effort today in winning members one from the other than in winning souls from the darkness of the King- dom of Evil.

Christ Found a Mexican Colonel*

This is the story told to Rev. N. W. Taylor, of Mexico City, by Colonel Rodolfo Curti V., formerly an army officer and then chief of Traffic Department, Police Force, Mexico City. Now he is on the Military Headquarters Staff, the Garrison of Mexico City.

TWELVE years ago, when stationed with my carrying out this commission that I received the regiment in the Mixtec region of the State of commendation of General Calles. I received praise Oaxaca, I was taken very ill and in my suf- also and promotion for my part in the organization fering, my thoughts naturally turned to my young of the Traffic Department and for other things wife and our four-months-old baby, who were done in the interest of the welfare of the city.

then in the city of Puebla. As I became worse I But then came disillusionment! I resigned from cried to God, asking that he spare me to them. the Traffic Department and for a time it seemed Finally I sank into a state of coma and the people that I had been forgotten by the Government in the village thought that I had died. I was pre- which I had tried to serve faithfully. I was even pared for burial and surrounded with candles. tempted to commit suicide. This was God's op- After some hours I regained consciousness and portunity.

sat up, causing terror among those who were in One night I dreamed that I was hurrying down the room at the time. a narrow, dark, tortuous street. I met a group of It was thought that the only chance to save my people and inquired, life was to take me as quickly as possible to "Have you found Him?"

Oaxaca City for an operation. But the village, "No," they replied.

where I lay sick, was four days' ride from the "Then let us seek Him together," I answered.

railroad and, as, the heat was intense, it seemed We threaded our way along the narrow street impossible for me to make the trip unless they for an interminable time it seemed and our anxiety could keep ice packs on me continually. But there increased every moment. At last we turned a was no ice in this mountain village nor in the dis- corner and saw in front of us a figure sitting on trict. The General commanding the State advised a low bench in front of a closed door. His head us by telegraph that he would send ice from the was resting on his hands but as we approached he city as rapidly as possible, but it was questionable looked up and I recognized Him as Christ. His whether any ice would last long enough to get me face shone and His hands and feet glistened like to the city. The first day, while we were waiting mirrors. I fell on my knees before Him; and all for the ice, a heavy cloud overshadowed the part His goodness, from that day in the Mixtec village of the town where I was lying and hailstones, so when the hailstones fell, flooded my memory and great that they killed chickens and turkeys, fell I burst into tears.

heavily for some minutes. The people hurriedly I awoke crying and the burden of my ingrati- filled sacks with the hailstones and I was placed tude and sin seemed unbearable. For the re- in a litter and the journey to the railroad began. mainder of the night I could not control myself I recovered but so great was my unbelief I forgot and continued crying like a child. When morning my prayer to God and ascribed the hailstorm to came I was like one in a daze. I could not even mere chance. remember the name of my only daughter whom I A few years later, when stationed in Guadala- love dearly. This condition lasted for three days.

jara, I was passing an evangelical church and I was in an agony of grief and sorrow and walked heard them singing "Nearer My God to Thee." up and down my living room or in the garden for Something seemed to grip my heart and I could hoursi at a time, crying, "My God, help me. My not restrain the tears. However, feeling that such God, help me."

emotion was unworthy of an army officer, I hur- Then I procured aNew Testament and began ried away. Later, my wife and I attended a serv- to read. Still no light or peace came. At last ice but did not understand the message. there came to my mind the words of the hymn I Then I was called to Mexico City to aid my Gen- had heard in Guadalajara and I remembered eral in the reorganization of the police force. At where there was an evangelical church in the city.

that time it fell to my lot to superintend the clos- I attended a service without getting any peace.

ing of all the Roman Catholic churches in the city I went a second time but still could not understand on the 31st of July, 1926. So zealous was I in the Way of Salvation. On the third occasion the * From The Philippine Evangelist, May, 1938. speaker was giving a Bible study on sin. As the [ 425 ] •

different sins were written on the blackboard I The following Sunday was Easter. We atsaid to myself, "Someone must have told about tended the morning service at which we learned me," for it was a perfect description of my condi- that some new members were to be baptized that tion. At the end of the meeting an invitation was evening. After prayer, my wife and I decided to given and I went forward. As I knelt there at ask to be received into the church in order to make the rail to my joy found my wife was kneeling our public confession and thus cut all that bound beside me. That night the pastor of the church us to the old life. That evening we publicly took led us into the Light and peace came into our our stand for Christ. In the four months which hearts. have passed since then we have been experiencing the truth of Paul's "If any man be in Christ, he Then came a great struggle. To go on with is a new creature; old things are passed away; Christ meant breaking with the old life. Christ behold all things are become new." All things must be all or nothing. There could be no half- have become l1oriously new for us and we are hearted surrender. But what would be the re- seeking to follow His Will. suIts? Would it mean losing position, rank and friends? I walked up and down my garden fight- *** ing it out and then like a flash there came to my mind the words, "Be of good cheer; I have over- The only knowledge Colonel Curti had of the come the world." I hurried into the house and Gospel story was through a very slight contact called my wife. with Roman Catholicism, which, in Mexico, em- phasizes a suffering or dead Christ, not a glorified "It is all settled," I said to her. "Christ has one. How was it that in his dream he saw a resurovercome the world and nothing can touch us ex- rected and glorified Christ? cept as He wills." From that moment we have tried to give our all to Christ, to do His will each Today Col. Curti is active in personal work day and have determined not to let a single day among the military and political leaders of the pass without trying to win one soul for Him. country.

Enlisting the Privileged to Help the Underprivileged By the REV. SAMUEL E. WEST Rector of St. lames Episcopal Church, Wichita, Kansas T HE sort of church of which I am rector is alike repeat the words too glibly. I have caught easily labeled as "privileged" by the news- myself talking to children about their privileges papers. They revel in announcing "A fash- and urging them to realize their responsibilities ionable wedding of socialites in the swank, to the underprivileged, and then wondering if in exclusive Episcopal Church on the HilL" It is a so doing I was not actuaJly aiding and abetting form of reporting whioh is exasperating to say the the subtle process of creating snobs.

least. By the same token there are still many people As a matter of fact this congregation represents left in the land 'who, despite the fact that they have been up against it, are senSitive and have a a cross-section of substantial middle-class business lot of self-respect; they by no means wish to be and professional people, with a fringe of wealth classed among the "underprivileged." Would it and another fringe of poverty. One of my faith- not be much better to use a good old scriptural ful laymen is a WPA worker and another is a expression, such as "we that are strong ought to janitor working for $60.00 per month. We have bear the infirmities of them that are weak." It eighty employed women and girls in a communi- is true that there are in all of our cities many cant membership of seven hundred. strong self-supporting parishes and likewise many weak, struggling, mission churches. By all of Personally I am inclined to think that we over- the precepts of the Christian religion, the strong work the phrase, "privileged and underprivileged." Religious leaders and social workers

ENLISTING THE PRIVILEGED TO HELP THE UNDERPRIVILEGED

should do all in their power to help the weak. The ago, when churches were having a hard time raisdifficulty which most of us experience in enlisting ing their budgets, we were discussing missionary the so-called privileged is probably due to the ab- quotas. One of the Vestrymen said, 'I don't see sence of the personal element, rather than to any why we should continue to send money to the other factor. This is true in regard to the mis- Chinese when we are so hard up ourselves. Why sionary enterprise and to the great programs of not forget missions until times are better?" I social welfare. To many people, missions and said to him, "Would you apply that same prinphilanthropy today seem to mean programs and ciple to our own Bishop and his program in the quotas rather than personal service. Something Diocese?" He replied, "No, dog-gone it, we can't must be done to remedy this condition. let the Bishop down. I wish I were not so fond of him; then it would be a lot easier to cut out During the recent Lenten season we tried an our Diocesan Assessment." The man knew, of experiment along this line in the Diocese of Kan- course, that the Bishop was vitally concerned sas. Bishop Wise suggested that in all of the about his mission clergymen and their congregaparishes and missions we conduct a series of mis- tions. Sometimes I ask myself if I am really in sionary book reviews. I invited six women to earnest in appealing for the missionary enterundertake these reviews and a number of men to undertake a similar task for the Men's Class. We prise. Do I really care about the advancement of have had such noted personalities presented as the Kingdom, or am I motivated rather by paro- Bishop Schereschewsky, Bishop Hare, Dr. Albert chial pride? We all need to ask oUI'selves ques- Schweitzer, Bishop Franklin Spaulding, Bishop tions of that nature. We can appeal, plead, cajole, condemn, denounce, argue and quote Scripture by Talbott, Dr. Grenfell of Labrador, and David Liv- the yard, but if we ourselves are not thoroughly ingstone. In every case both the men and the converted to the cause of missions all of our pulpit women who undertook the task have, I think, been thumping will fail to produce results. The telling thoroughly converted to the cause of missions, and of a story of missionary endeavor and personal I believe that they were able to communicate their adventure is more effective in enlisting the interown enthusiasm to the others. The lawyer who' est and support of the local congregation than all reviewed the life of Livingstone made the most of the high-powered arguments of ecclesiastical complete commitment to the cause of missions, at spellbinders. the conclusion of his review, that I have ever heard from a layman. The woman who was to tell But I wish to tell about the relationship of this about Albert Schweitzer happened to be in New parish to a struggling congregation of colored York the week before her review was scheduled, Episcopalians in the city. It may not be common and had an interview with Madame Schweitzer knowledge that we have no separate denominawho was in America at that time. This woman tional organization for colored Episcopalians. had accepted the assignment rather reluctantly as They are under the same jurisdiction, are reprea '~church duty," feeling it would be dull and tire- sented in the same Diocesan Convention, are some but she kept the .other women on the edge of their seats when she told the story. To "per- confirmed by the same Bishop and many of their sonalize" missions, philanthropy and the relation ministerial candidates attend the same Theological of the strong city church to the weaker mission Seminaries as the white Episcopalians. Conseis a difficult undertaking, but in some way it must quently the relationship of the mission for colored be done. The well-to-do members of our churches people in this city to the two self-supporting white are, I believe, no less generous than they used to parishes is just the same as that of a mission for be, but they are more careful. They have lost white people. At the present time these colored much of their own security and some of them feel Episcopalians are fortunate in having a priest of that they are contributing a good bit to the under- their own race, but from time to time during privileged through taxation. However when I years past they have been without pastoral overhave a personal problem which must be presented sight except from the two white rectors. It has as such, I find that the purse strings are open. been my privilege for several years to minister to Recently a young man in my parish was ordered this congregation but it is not of this pleasant by his physician to move to another climate. He personal relationship I wish to speak. was almost entirely without funds and appealed to me. I, in turn, appealed to two laymen over We have in this parish four licensed lay readers, the telephone, and within five minutes the neces- all of whom, with one exception, have served an sary amounts were forthcoming. apprenticeship in conducting services at the col- ored church. The Daughters of the King, a group One of the important factors in "personalizing of women who have charge of altar work, from the need" is the personality, enthusiasm and sin- time to time have supervised the colored women cerity of the leader. One evening several years in the care of their own altar and finally organ- ized a similar group for them.

,In our parish we have a tradition that we thought in helping to solve the problems of this carryon no money-raising activities for the sup- weaker mission church. Our aim has been to port of the parish by dinners, bazaars, rummage- avoid pauperizing the mission congregation. sales or anything of the kind. The one exception Their membership of not more than fifty is made is that once a year the women give a Musical Tea, up of school teachers, chauffeurs, porters, domesthe proceeds from which are sent to the Bishop tic servants and some business men. But their for support of missionary work within the Dio- greatest need is not for money but for personal cese. On two occasions several hundred dollars leadership and genuine friendly interest on the from this source have been used for the support part of the stronger white congregation. They of the local colored congregation. The women of are now approaching the time when they can soon the parish also help the colored women byemploy- support themselves, but they will continue to look ing them to serve possibly half of the parish din- to their many friends in this parish for guidance. ners given in this parish. Incidentally t~s cooperation has undoubtedly helped to ease the tension which so frequently Three years ago this mission congregation was exists between the two racial groups. in great need of a parish hall, for their ramshackle structure was about to fall to pieces. They took Whatever success we have had in this respect the matter up with some of us in this parish and is due to the enlistment of so many of our white we were able to secure a loan from the American laymen for personal service to the weaker congre- Church Building Fund and also a temporary loan gation. Had it been our policy simply to make a from the Bishop of the Diocese. These loans were grant of money each year to the colored brethren, made on condition that the people themselves raise very little would have been accomplished. The a certain amount, namely, $500.00, in about eight most intensely personal story in the New Testamonths. I shall never forget a day when the ment is the parable of the good Samaritan. In committee from the mission church met me in a that story we are told that the Samaritan, who local bank with the $500.00 in hand to apply on was undoubtedly a privileged person, when he the note. When the time came to build the parish came to the man who had fallen among thieves, hall one of the members of our white congregation did several things of an intimate personal nature donated his services as a contractor and gave a -"He saw him, he was moved with compassion, great many days to the supervision of the work. he came to him, he bound up his wounds, he Later another layman, an architect, gave his time poured on them oil and wine, he set him on his in further improving and beautifying the church own beast, he brought him to an inn, he took care structure. Another member of my congregation, of him." And after all of that he told the inna lumber dealer, has helped very generously in keeper that he would stand good for the expenses their purchase of supplies for the church and the and would come back to see how the poor fellow parish hall. was getting along.

Last year the vestry of the mission church ap- It is that sort of thing which we have largely pealed for help and we appointed a committee to lost in these highly specialized modern days. give them what leadership we could in conducting Somehow we must recapture the method of pertheir own Every-Member Canvass. The joint sonal service both in religious work and in social meetings of the two committees have been held in welfare, and when we do recapture it, I am conmy study and again I find the business men of my vinGed that we will have no difficulty in enlisting own parish are willing to give of their time and the privileged to help the underprivileged.

MORAL OR FINANCIAL DEPRESSION?

Many plead hard times as their reason for failing to support the Church and to give to benevolent causes. As a matter of fact, Government reports show that income is not a cri- terion of the gifts that may be expected. In the year 1936, taxable incomes in the United States increased 30 per cent over the previous year, but for the same period contributions for religious education and public welfare work decreased. The United States Treasury statis- tics for 1936 show a total declared net income (exclusive of tax exempt income) of $19,069,- 137,719 as compared with $14,212,403,587 the previous year. The contributions reported for the same year amounted to only $388,142,000 or about 2 per cent of the taxable income. The highest percentage of contributions to charity ever recorded by the Treasury came in the darkest depression years (1930-1934). On the gross incomes reported to the Government, the contributions amount to less than 1.8 per cent. Contributions through the churches in 1936 were less than at any time between 192'0 and 1934, being 40 per cent less than they were in 1928. Moral depression is more difficult to overcome than financial depression.

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II Effective Ways of Working 'rested Methods for Increasing Interest at Home EDITED BY MISS GRACE MCGAVRAN, INDIANAPOLIS, INDIANA ~~=================~~ How Awaken Interest BOOKS ON CHINA of its civilization. Its pictures in Books? HOUSE OF EXILE, by Nora range from the old court to mod- ern factories. A study of the missionary li- WaIn – a very sympathetic picbrary at the church was discour- ture of upper class country life That is enough to give an exaging. Old books; out-of-date in China, by an American girl ample of what was done. Sevbooks; books that not even the eral women have taken to readmost ardent missionary worker who lived for a while as an ing widely the library books on could call interesting! Worst of adopted member of the Chinese the subject of whatever country, all, fifty women supposed to do family. Read it for contrast race, or nation is being studied. missionary reading and no with Pea r I Buck's "Good The mission study books proper, money to buy new books. Earth." and books of missionary stories worth buying have, conse- Here is what the group lead- LIVING CHINA, by Edgar quently, had behind them a much ers did. more fundamentally prepared Snow – translations of modern group of readers than was pos- The few interesting, recent Chinese short stories, written sible before. and worth-while boo k s were pulled out. There were new and published in China for home Even where the public library members in the group who had consumption. They contain some d.oes not have much that is modread nothing. They could start things you will find it hard to ern, there are chapters in recent with these. books which may have decided stomach. But here is modern China, in at least some of its phases, as seen by the Chinese themselves. Read it to help you Four people were asked to buy decide whether China has any bearing. For example, in Dr. for themselves and then loan to real need of the Christian mes- Heiser's "Oddyssey of an Amerthe missionary society one each ican Doctor," the chapter on lepof the best new books bearing on sage and Gospel. rosy and the colony at Culion, the subject of the current Philippine Islands, is excellent studies. HO-MING: GIRL OF NEW background for a consideration CHINA, by Elizabeth Lewis (chil- The public library was ap- dren's library), a story which of missions to lepers. you will find interesting light proached, and a committee of reading, to give you a picture of Kn.owledge awakens interest. capable women chose and read young China in transiti.on. Read For a club paper many a woman those books which seemed to it because you want to know will read background books for have promise of being at least something of young China in the months. Why not as much for good background books; i. e., terms in which young people a talk in the missionary society? those which in addition to beirig read of each other. The deeper the knowledge, the vivid, interesting and accurate, WHAT AND WHY IN CHINA, by deeper the interest. gave a picture of home, school, Paul Hutchison – an answer to town or country life; or a back- the puzzle which modern Chinese How Get New Members ground of the country, race, or history is to most of us. Clear, One young women's missionnation; or, an interpretation of concise, and interesting, though ary group has an unusual prothe people; or, a picture of their very brief, it gives us an excel- portion of new working-memneeds; or, any other specific lent summary.of China's politics bers. They have a sort of unpresentation which would give to 1927. Read it for clearer written rule that no one is ever women a background pattern understanding of some of asked to join their missionary against which their program China's present difficulties. society. Instead, a prospective talks and considerations would LOTUS PETALS, by Princess member is asked to come as a stand out. The very best of der Ling-most interesting com- guest to one of the regular meetthese were listed. ments on va rio u smatters ings; she is greeted as a guest Mimeographed sheets, bearing Chinese by one who was first- of the one who has brought her, the following sort of informa- lady-in-waiting to the old Em- and is treated as such. She is tion, were given out at the early press Dowager. Read it so that asked by the same person to fall meeting, where background you may see China through Chi- come again, perhaps not next reading was stressed. nese eyes in yet another aspect time, but soon. She is welcomed [429 ]

as a visitor for as long as she ship plays when· well produced. the draping of the graceful garwants to come. Then, as she becomes a familiar guest, she is We also know how hard it is to ments of India. asked to help with this or that. And then, sometime, quite cas- discover from the printed de- Why not secure, in your disually, she is asked if she would like formally to join the group. scription of a play just what trict or state group, a demonstra- If she does join, it is because effect it will have. And even tion program of plays and dramshe knows the group, likes the fellowship, is interested in the after reading a play it is a bit atizations, suitable for use durmeetings, and has done some work in connection with them. hard to know what impression it ing this next year? It should be She knows, through regular reports and minutes, about the will give. held at least a month before such educational and financial aims of the group, and is already taking Why not have a demonstration plays will be given in the local time to attend. There is, thus, no influx of new members to be night for missionary plays and churches. coddled along. There is no un- playlets? A district or state con- .W~y not send someone to ~ee willing member who has joined vention is a fine place to do this. ~IssIO~ary plays that ar~ bemg because she was pestered to be- An institute or young people's ,~_gIven m other churches m .y.our come a member. Anyone is welcome as a perennial visitor to conference is also excellent. A own or near-by commumtIes? that group. But no one is asked to join until she has shown a de- county interdenominational Sun- Send someone who can coach a sire to become a working mem- day school council meeting gives play for yoU! ~roup. ber of the organization. . another opportunity. Why not Jom WIth other mlS- P. S. Oh, yes, its quite true that this group has an unusually Here are two examples of how sionary groups or churches to good time together, has good this has been done very success- ask a drama~lCs club to prepare programs, and carries an inspir- fully. The Boston University and pr~sent, m each of yo~r I?roing financial responsibility. But School of Religious Education grams m turn, the b~st I?IssIonthen, you know, so could your society. used to have one month before ary play or dramatIzatIon you Improving Missionary Christmas an'd one month before can find? P!o.duce t~at play! Easter, a program of plays, You can Meetings music and other items, given as Or you can Jomtly .wlth some "If we don't stop taking so demonstration, to which were o~her group secure Its ~rodu~­ much time for business," sighed tIon. A~d you can be gUIded m a bored member of a missionary invited representatives from the your chOl~e and h~ve your p~th group, "I'm going to quit com- city's churches. Two or more ~ade eaSIer for ItS productIon ing." She was right. The busi- plays, of differing difficulty and If y:ou arrange for an~ual, or ness seemed interminable. The secretary's reports were espe- type, were given each time-new cially boring. Attack at that point seemed strategic. At the plays which were available for semI-annual demonstratIOns. by next election, one of the church's most devoted club-women, was, use that season. How much bet- competent amateurs, at pomts with her previous consent, elected secretary. Her minutes, ter they could be judged, when where many are together who brief and to the point, gracious in their necessary acknowledg- produced on the stage than in can use such plays. ments, and in perfect order, have been a joy. It is noticeable that any other way! Ideas were Looking Ahead when this new secretary is oc- gained for costuming, for lightcasionally not able to be present, there is no slipping back into old ing, for music, for setting, all October is the special issue on ways. An ideal has been set up within the ability of the ordinary India. All the glamour and color for making the minutes a real church and yet stressing simple of the Orient can be introduced contribution rather than a detri- and dignified treatment. ment. into your meetings. And against A second example, which bids When You Produce That Play! fair to become a yearly custom, it you will present the tragedy is the presentation of two dem- and the hope of that ancient We all know the effectiveness onstration playlets, one on the land. We shall give some of the of missionary and world-friend- ways in which m iss ion a r y home missions theme and one on groups and leaders here and the foreign missions theme, at a there have made India a live luncheon program of the Mis- issue in their meetings.

sionary Institute of Indianapolis, In November we hope to have Indiana, early each May. It some very helpful suggestions would be interesting to know in for developing a sense of stew- how many missionary groups, ardship among the people of our missionary groups. Stewardship over Indiana and in adjacent is more than a faithful presenta- states from which delegates tion of the regular dues. It is an come, those little playlets. with their missionary message are attitude of life. And a very im- given in the missionary year portant part of Christian educa- tion is the nurture of individuals which follows; and just because and groups in that attitude. they were demonstrated there in a fashion which could be fol- Christmas and World Peace lowed in the smallest church. seem more and more to be joined in our thoughts.. We like also to For the current year, 'such a think of Christmas around the demonstration might include the world. In our December issue correct winding of a turban and we shall have some very definite

EFFECTIViE WAYS OF WORKING

suggestions for making the A missionary in Mexico, not Such a project can become Peace emphasis effective, and for long ago, found no welcome in a part of the stewardship training achieving a deeper sense of the certain village. So she moved of the children. Through it they real meaning of Christmas. over there to live, as a neighbor, become aware of the needs of Some avenues of service will be in a tiny Mexican "adobe" hut- others, they review their own regiven which other groups have to be, not a missionary, but a sources, decide to part with some found meant much to their own neighbor. She did not know things dear to them through asdevelopment. whether during the few months sociation, yet too often "hung she planned to be there, she onto" for only that reason, and Ventures in Understanding would find more than one or two they give time and money and curious children who would be effort to make the things "as A young women's missionary friends with her and to whom good as new" in order that they guild were studying the living she could be a friend. She ar- may be useful gifts to make, valreligions of the world. When rived with some trepidation. ued by those to whom they are they came to Judaism, they in- But the village people, hitherto to go. vited a young Jewish social hostile, welcomed her as they worker to come as a guest of one would have received one of them- Seven Rules for a Good of the members. They met her selves. Great things arose out Meeting socially before their supper, of that determination to give chatted with her during the herself, in their own manner, to 1. Be friendly. The regular member meal, and later listened with friendship. Is there anyone of who is retiring can be as lonely deep interest to her talk on your group making herself a as the stranger-almost. Great Jewish Women. For the member of another group, for an first time, for many of them, the hour, for a day, for a week? Is 2. Begin on time. Announce, "Thurs- Jew was linked with modern so- anyone putting herself in the day at 2: 00 P. M., with the procial reform. They began to real- position of needing from them gram beginning promptly at ize that Jews are a force for that same friendliness which she 2: 15." Stress the earlier hour, righteousness in America today. hopes to give them? for the greeting of friends and Theirs was more than a dispas- strangers is as important as the sionate study of Judaism that A New Avenue for Children's rest of the business, but begin night. They had a personal ex- Giving the program very promptly at perience in deepening their the time set. understanding of and liking for In connection with your study the Jew. What such experiences of the City, it might be wise to 3. Conduct all business with dispatch. in understanding are you plan- find out about Toy Libraries in Having planned a proportionning for your group during the your own or in some adjacent ately suitable time for the businext few months? city. Many city children in the ness, do not let it infringe upon underprivileged sections have the rest of the program. If it is *** not one toy of any sort. One of running over, analyze your tech- the interesting newer projects is nique and improve it. A young people's world friend- the establishment of a "Toy Liship group meeting included a brary" in some such district 4. See that the devotional period is Chinese boy and a Japanese girl. where children may withdraw a short but reverent in every way. What happened? Sparks flew! toy for a week, gs they would Stress simplicity and dignity; Some regretted that the two had withdraw a book from a library. and frown upon starting with an been invited at the same time. excuse for lack of preparation, But others realized, as never be- Where such a Toy Library facetiousness, or last – minute fore, how pride of race can cre- exists, an excellent avenue is passing of hymn books, etc. If ate antagonism even when Chris- open for a service project for the hymns 'are familiar, announce the tian brotherhood exists. From children of more privileged verses to be sung and sing withthat situation rose a deeper areas. Most of these children out books, not adding the hope understanding of the problem of have toys – such as scooters, that the hymn is known to everyracial antagonisms, and a sleds, roller skates, .and games one. If not familiar use books stronger desire to meet such an- which they have outgrown but or do not have group singing. tagonisms in the spirit of Christ. which are, basically, still sturdy This alone can produce. as it did and good. Dolls, games, toy fur- 5. Give sequence to your study. Rein that group, a greater senti- niture, puzzles, and other play- mind the group of the general ment than that of race, and things are lying in attics or on theme of study or program being draw alien peoples together. Are back shelves. Why not have a followed. Review in a sentence you keeping your group clear of "Paint and Scissors Club," meet- or two the ground already covsituations which might prove ing weekly for a few weeks, to ered in past meetings. State the embarrassing? Or are you out which will be brought these old aspect of the subject to be conto demonstrate, right within but good toys, to be renovated sidered today. Introduce each your own circle, that the most there by the Juniors under the item of the program with a word difficult race relationship can be direction of one or two adults or as to its bearing on today's desolved if courageously faced and young people? velopment of that aspect. met in the spirit of our Lord? 6. Relate the offering to life itself. At the time of its presentation, have a two- or three-sentence preSentation of some service the group is rendering through its gifts. Have a prayer dedicating the day's offering to its use.

7. Close on time. Never run past closing time. A meeting which closes on time has a rhythm and effectiveness which is lacking where it just runs on and on. Prompt closing makes for much more careful preparation.

BULLETIN

Council of Women for Home Missions EDITED BY MISS EDITH E. LOWRY, 297 FOURTH AVENUE, NEW YORK, N. Y. I ==================I~'

SETTING-UP CONFERENCE The central theme run~ing FOR EASTERN MIGRANT ""–through the w.orship serVIces STAFF was the need for spiritual re- Hartford Theological sources in the midst of a c.om- Seminary plex and confusing world – "I JUNE 16-19, 1938 can do all things thr.ough Christ As Seen by Two Leaders who strengtheneth me."

The fourth annual Setting-Up THE STAFF OF THE NEW YORK AND The cl.osing session was held Conference for the workers in NElW JERSEY CENTERS; MISS HELEN Sunday morning in the Semthe Migrant centers .of the East- inary Chapel preceding breakern Area was held this year, WHITE, SUPERVISOR fast and was led by Dr. Miller. June 16-19, at the Hartford In that early morning hour the Seminary Foundati.on, Hart- message of the joy of service ford, Connecticut, when Dr. J. Quinter Miller, Executive Sec- in crafts, recreation, s.ongs, nurs- fell upon minds and hearts alretary of the C.onnecticut C.oun- ready prepared. And as these cil of Churches, his able assist- ery school methods, child care, highly endowed young people ant, Mr. R. Stanley Kendig and camp sanitation, first aid, be- Miss Vera MacCracken, Secre- haviour problems and religious had themselves been ch.osen tary .of the Hartford County education methods made a rich largely because of the privilege Y. W. C. A. proved to be m.ost program. genial and perfect hosts. of their experience, they left The earnest and energetic Hartford newly commissioned Thither they came – 40 Col- staff .of young men and women and eager to go out to serve. lege students representing the had crammed noteb.ooks, broad- ShaufHer College of Religi.ous ened minds and understanding Into my hearl's treasury I slipped a and Social Work, Pennsylvania hearts. There was a strong feel- State, Bennett College, Kansas ing .of fellowship and unity. coin State Teachers College, Bucknell University, Virginia State Am.ong those who were .of That time cannot steal nor thief pur- College, Kalamazoo College, very special help were Mrs. Maryville College, Muskingum Phyllis Williams, of the Insti- loin, C.ollege, Oberlin College, Amherst College, Yale University; tute of Human Relati.ons .of Yale o better than the mining of a gold- Divinity Students from Hart- University, who gave an inter- crowned king ford Seminary F.oundation and pretation of 'the Folk ways. of Andover Newton The.ological the Italians; Miss Lola De- Is the safe-kept memory of a lovely Seminary; and experienced Grille, of the International Inkindergartners, recreational and stitute .of New York, interpreted thing. -Sara Teasdale. home-economics folk, as well as Polish f.olk; Mrs. John Ainley, sch.ool teachers. Many were who taught songs and also gave LAURA H. PARKER, new to the work while others meth.ods in song leading; Miss PETRICHA E. MANCHESTER. had had much experience, for one of the sl.ogans .of Migrant Frances Hedden with concrete As Seen by a Worker Workers is "once a Migrant, al- and practical suggestions. in reways a Migrant." Here they ligious education; Miss Marie Sharecropping and its horr.ors .assembled to receive training in Gaertller in nursery scho.ol have been studied and effectively "center" technique, to plan f.or methods; and Miss Agnes Diehl dramatized to the country. Yet the current season, and to ex- the migration of w.orkers from change helpful experiences. community to community seek- Lectures and dem.onstrations ing new employment, supple- menting irregular employment at customary occupations, or habitually following seasonal employment is an accepted phe- in the field of crafts. nomenon in contemp.orary in- Saturday night the picnic sup- dustrial society.

per with the singing, camp fire Consci.ous .of the extent of the and worship service br.ought to problem .of migratory labor in all a nearness of God through the United States, the C.ouncil the great .outdo.ors and a realiza- of Women for H.ome Missi.ons in tion, by contrast, .of the severe 1920 established centers for the care of migrant families. It was and sordid things that would the staff .of these centers in the have t.o be faced during the ex- East which met at Hartford perience of the summer.

[432 ] electro nic fil e created by cafis.org

BULLETIN: COUNCIL OF WOMEN FOR HOME MISSIONS

Theological Seminary fro m grant ranks. The emplQyer June 16-19, 1938. looks at his migrant laborers as It is evident that a s'Ocial prQblem as comprehensive and people "whQm he gets cheap." basic as migratory lab'Or- 'Originating from a search for Hence, there is n'O coordination economic security and creating or cOQperatiQn among the groups. further problems of disintegratiQn 'Of family life, inadequate The good migrant social worker child care, poor housing c'Ondi- can and must break down these tions with consequent health problems, lack of sufficient edu- barriers. This was discussed by cati'On 'On the part 'Of children and adults, lack of time fQr Mrs. Manchester, Messrs. NewrecreatiQn and aesthetic expression, lack of opportunity fQr field, Glick, and Dr. Miller. participatiQn in dem'Ocracy, and a feeling 'Of intolerance–has n'O The migrant mQvies and the 'One final answer. Hence, the conference could best be viewed visit to the tobacco plantatiQn by stating its issues in terms of fundamental questions. expressed more adequately than It appears that a rather vital words the actual physical needs pre-supposition that undergirds of the migrant. each 'Of the issues, and is im- THE STAFF OF DELAWARE AND MARY- LAND CENTERS; MRS. P. E. Definite prQgram suggestions plied in each is: that the educa- MANCHESTER, SUPIDRVISOR tional and religiQus processes and helps were given in the should it be arran~ed? What which culminate in creative in- should be its extent? periods. with Misses Hedden, telligence and human under- 5. In facing the problem of healthstanding can transcend the cul- What can we do as inexperi- GordQn, Diehl, Gaertner, Mrs. ture and develop it. Upon one's enced, untrained people in giving reaction to the pre-supP'Osition first aid, camp sanitation, ar- Maramarco, and Messrs. Thomhangs the hQpe 'Of the social mi- ranging meals, summoning the grant worker. For, as seen aid of county agencies ? sen, North, and Kullgren when 6. Accompanying the maladjustment through: the issues and the dis- in labor and home, certain unde- we learned (bQth through hearcussion 'Of them, the migrant so- sirable and abnormal behaviour patterns are developed. How ing and d'Oing) something about cial worker is expected t'O be shall we meet them? an educator, religi'Ous director, 7. The migrants represent every cul- children's work; folk games and nurse, home economist, libra- ture. One works best with those rian, musician, and business he knows and understands. dances; homemade games; eveman. Unless he has faith, then, What are the folkways of the migrants with whom we are to ning, Sunday and rainy day pr'Oin the power 'Of a creative dy- work? namic educati'On coupled with grams for yQung people and the Qmnip'Otence 'Of God, he is as Let us develop these issues briefly as they were discussed at adults; and crafts. . a lost sheep. the c'Onference. ThrQugh the help of D'OctQrs With this in mind some basic The seven-minute presentaquestions and issues which were tions 'Of the four areas discussed Calverly and Clifford and Mr. cQnsidered are: picturesquely and interestingly by the Misses Vera MacCracken, Scott V e were ,able to feel that 1. What are the duties and problems Mary Cannon, CarQI Ferwerda of a migrant social worker? and Gladys Corkum prQvided an untrained health educatQrs could How does his work differ from excellent backgrQund orienta- the social case worker? tion for the understanding 'Of do something. the duties and problems of the 2. The migrants-How do they live? migrant socialwQrker. How Inspired, challenged, and defi- What are their needs? different her work is frQm a city sQcial case w'Orker! HQW much nitely helped by the experiences 3. What are the values of the migrant is involved! No longer are y'OU program for the employer, com- a case worker, or a nurse, or a of the conference we strove to munity, migrant? What should teacher, 'Or religi'Ousdirector- be the relationship between the but you must be a combination plan 'Our programs. Balanced migrant and community, em- of them all. ployer and migrant, social work- as they may be, we can still feel er and community, social worker Because any successful pro- and employer, migrant and so- gram 'Of migrant education must a lack, f'Or our prQgrams cannot cial worker? Where should the represent this cQmbinati'On, it focus be? What are some of the must include the empl'Oyer and get at the real roots of the prob- methods of attack? the community as well as the migrant. There exists, undoubt- lem. It· is evident that the old 4. Our program-What should it in- edly, a feeling 'Of intolerance clude for infants, children, among the community folk be- econQmy, attitudes land educa- young people, adults? · How cause they dQ n'Ot understand their migrant brother. There tion are inadequate, but the is, therefore, "a man without a country" attitude within the mi- problems of migrancy can be abolished is our cry.

May we keep always in 'Our hearts the spirit 'Of the "Work- er's Prayer" which we felt at the close of the conference.

Lord, speak to me, that I may speak In living echoes of thy tone; As thou hast sought, so let me seek Thy erring children, lost and lone.

Oh, teach me, Lord, that I may teach The precious things thou dost im- part; And wing my weirds that they may reach The hidden depths of many a heart.

Oh, give thine own sweet rest to me; That I may speak with soothing power A word in season, as from thee, To weary ones in needful hour.

-F'rttnces R. H avergal.

DEBORAH CANNON.

World–wide

A Missionary Newspaper of Current Events .~ EDITED BY MRS. HENRIETTA H. FERGUSON, XENIA, OHIO 1 ~'='===—-=-===–=-=======~ J APAN-OHOSEN who is a Christian and I see eight out of ten, because of the sQmething in his face that is dif- Japanese insistence on attend- A Soldier's Penance ferent. I want it." AnQther ance at the shrines. These were The United Church Record wrote: "I was riding a bicycle, "-great institutions wit h fine reports the following incident, told by the pastor in whose returning tQ my home from buildings, a good reputation, a church it .occurred: school. You gave me a tract. I capacity student body, and ap- A Japanese soldier came to a little chapel at Pingting, a rural town in believe now in the true God. I parently a future of great useeastern Shansi, on Christmas Day. He knelt and prayed before the Cross have .one friend who believes fulness. But it became imposwhile the pastor looked on with a great alsQ, and we gather the village sible to preserve the Christian deal of interest. children t.ogether sometimes and c.ontent of the sch.ools and at the Rising, the soldier approached the pastor and handed him a five-dollar talk to them about God." same time meet demands made note, explaining that he and three of -Presbyterian Survey. on them which loyal followers his comrades wished to donate this to the church. He Never Met a Ohristian of Christ would find impossible to meet with.out comprQmising Asked what was his calling before An .old man in the country their consciences, so we had no the war, the soldier revealed that he was converted by reading the choice left save tQ follow the and his three friends were all evan- Bible before he ever met a orders of our Executive Comgelists before they were conscripted. Christian. Hearing of Chris- mittee and make this great sac- Why didn't his friends come to the tianity, and thinking it sounded rifice for the sake of our convicchurch too? The answer was: They reasonable, he wrote to a city tion that we, as Christians, had no "face" to come to the church friend who sent him a Bible and should serve only one God, and after all the sinful things they had a Christian newspaper. After that our deepest soul loyalty bedone in invading China and killing the reading these he asked where he longs to Jesus Christ. Chinese people. They thought they could meet a Christian and was could not present themselves in front told there were some in Hamada. "There is still a strong native of Jesus Christ. Finding some of the Christian church that is witnessing for wQrkers holding an open-air Jesus Christ. It is working and He, however, decided that he could service, he joined heartily in the growing. There are also still at least atone for his sins by coming singing, making a joyful noise wide open fields for evangelism. to worship in the church, especially quite out of tune, and laughed The Gospel can be preached as since it was Christmas Day. He and chuckled all through the freely as ever, and people listen hoped that with the love of Christ the talks, so that the wo r k e r s as gladly. WQmen's work offers world might be changed, all national thought that he was mentally many opportunities for Chrisdifferences sunk and all human suf- deficient, until they realized that tian service in home and comferings avoided. it was his overflowing joy at munity. All the hospitals are meeting fellQw Christians for filled, and witnessing for Christ The Printed Word the first time in his life! He has is being emphasized in each of never turned back from the them. More extensive Bible Japan has one point of ad- faith he entered intQ through training is being planned, SQ vantage over all other mission reading the Bible. When he that every church may have fields in that practically every prays he follows no conventional competent leadership." Japanese can read. Education method, but sits down with open there is compulsory. A mission- eyes and chats to his unseen Presbyterian Survey. ary, therefore, can write out Friend as if he could see the .one anything he wishes to tell to the to whQm he talks. A Oommunist Oonverted thronging multitudes whQm he passes in city streets, or to Korea Mission Losses A United Church of Canada farmers he meets along country missionary visited a Korean palanes, and hand it with a smile Rev. L. T. Newland, D.D., .of tient in a hQspital and noticed a and a greeting, and know that the Southern Presbyterian Mis- copy of Luke's Gospel laying on it will be read and understoQd. sion at Kwangju, writes: "With- the bed. Upon being asked what As a result, letters come tQ the he thQught of it he replied: "I mission, confessing sins, telling used to be a cQmmunist. I .of dQmestic problems, asking thought the wQrld was in such hQW tQ be forgiven or how to find peace. One man wrote: "I in the last few months the a bad state that only by destroygQt yQur tract. I know a man Southern Presbyterian Mission ing everything and beginning in Korea has lost its schQols, all over again could things be [434 ] set right. Since I have been here deeming love is read with great two or three portable steel I have been reading this book, interest and appreciation. houses that will be set up by -Bible S.ociety Record. R. G. Letourneau, Inc. One of listening to the hospital evan- gelist, and have had time to NORTH AMERICA these will be used as a dwelling think. .I am now convinced that for exhibition purposes; another the Jesus' way is the only way Christian Youth Council will be the headquarters of the Christian Business Men's Comthat will work, that of changing Problems of war, poverty, un- mittee, while it is likely that a the world by first changing the hearts of men, and I have de- employment, slum living, race third will house a Bible exhibit. termined first of all to become a prejudice, crime, in d u s t ria 1 -Alliance Weekly. strife, alcohol and political cor- Christian myself." -Korea Mission Field. ruption cannot be solved by any- New England Bible thing less than a united Chris- Demonstration ISLANDS OF THE PACIFIC tian movement, according to the At the Metropolitan Theater consensus of opinion among al- Bible Distribution in Hawaii most 3,000 Christian educators, in Providence, R. 1., this sum- Thirty thousand children in representatives of forty-one de- mer 3,500 Evangelical Chris- Hawaii's public s.chools have each received a copy of the nominations in the U nit e d ti·ans lifted their Bibles high Gospel of Luke. This was in response to a request of the chil- States and Canada, who came above their heads and repeated dren themselves, and the earnestness of the request was :r together in Columbus, Ohio, for three times: "The Word of the proved by the enthusiasm with which the gift was received. the twentieth quadrennial con- Lord endu~eth forever." he Some of the teachers wrote: vention of the International demonstrabon passed resolutIOns "The children are very much Council of Religious Education· recalling people everyw~er~, "~o pleased. Many read these little volumes during the free-reading in July. The delegates discussed a reverence for the BIble m period."-"Since the arrival of such problems as Christian fam- these ~ord~: "We again a!fi.rm the Gospels of Saint Luke a new ily life, Christian leadership for ~)Ur f~uth m. the . au~henbclty, interest in religious literature has been shown."-"This school the modern world missions and mtegnty and msplrabon of the wishes to express i·ts thanks and missionary educ~tion, drama, Holy Scripture as. being the ~ne appreciation for the wonderful story in the form received. A visual education, temperance and final authorIty. for. faith dozen different nationalities attend this school, and to many education, education and gam- and conduct; that, m VIew of this is a new book and a new story. We feel that much bene- bling, Christian education and the desperate need of the world fit will follow; for surely the industrial _economic problems, ~oday, we go on ~ecord as send- Word will bear fruit." Christian education and race re- mg forth from thIS rally a clear, Messages. like these cam e from the pupils: a Portuguese lations, and world peace. Facts pl·ain and forceful call to the about the world situation were world to return to that rever- presented, not by theorists but ence f?r the Bible w~ich sh.all by experts speaking b e for e result m earnest readmg, bellef small groups that took advan- in i~s rede~ptiye message and tage of the opportunity for ques- ~bedlence to Its mvaluable.teach- tions .and discussion. The task mgs."-Watch'lnan-Examtner.

of Christian education was viewed as one that concerns . Readjustments in Presbyterian Christian attitudes in facing our Foreign Board critical problems. Because of the retirement of girl remarked: "The first night Christianity on Exhibit several members of its staff, the I read four chapters to my whole Presbyterian Foreign Board is family. I shall read the whole At the Golden Gate Interna- readjusting the duties of other tional Exposition in 1939 an ap- members. Rev. William P. book for them."

An eighth-grade Japanese boy peal for Christianity will be Schell, D.D., continues as· chairproudly remarked: "Thanks for made to those who take no man of the Home Base Council the story. I carry it in my thought for religion. About and a new division of special pocket and read it every chance 8,000 square feet of outdoor gifts and annuities; Miss Ger- space will be leased, upon which trude Schultz remains in charge I get." A Japanese girl declared: will be erected a large steel audi- of women's work in the Home "Even though I believe in the torium, and in this Mr. Irwin Base. Rev. Charles T. Leber, Buddha, yet I like this story of A. Moon will present several D.D. has been transferred from times daily his "Sermons from the secretaryship for Japan, the Christ." These children carry the Science," a series of spectacular China, Siam and the Philippines Word of God to their various scientific phenomena used to il- to the promotional work of the homes-in the city, plantation lustrate spiritual truth. After Home Base, with a supervisory center, fisherman's hut, labor eight years of preparation, Mr. connection with young people's camp, homestead shack and Moon seeks to present the first work. Rev. Willis C. Lamott, primitive native houses, scat- century Gospel with twentieth D.D., of the Japan Mission, has tered from ocean shore to moun- century illustrations. In con- been asked to assume responsitain peak, where the story of re- nection with this exhibit will be bility for publicity work while

Miss Mary Moore, one of the appointed to deal with problems Church Cooperation and Union.

secretaries f.or y.oung people's of harmonizing rituals, co.ordi- Bishop Perry presented a resolu- work, will go to San Francisc.o nating pr.ograms and merging tion passed by the General Con- to replace Miss Marcia Kerr, organizations of the Methodist vention in Cincinnati: wh.o comes t.o New Y.ork t.o as- Episcopal Church, Methodist The General Convention of the sist Dr. Young in the new de- Episcopal Church, South, and Protestant Episcopal Church in the partment .of missi.onary person- Meth.odist Pr.otestant Church. U. S. A., acting with full realization nel. Rev. S. Franklin Mack will Other questions considered were of the significance of its proposal, church extension, missions, hos- hCehruebrcyh ininvthiteesU. tSh.eA. Ptoresjobiyntewriiathn give his entire time to directing pitals, education and young peo- it in accepting the following declarayoung pe.ople's w.ork.

Rev. George T. SC.ott, D.D. is pIe, pensions and publication tion: chairman .of the F.oreign De- work. A small committee .of The two churches, one in the faith lawyers will furnish counsel in onfatetheWLoordrd oJfesGusod,Chrreicsot,gmt~z~mginctahrepartment C.ouncil, with special alliega} matters. The next meet-"'·-Holy Scriptures as the supreme rule responsibility for interdenomi- national relationships. Rev. ing wIll be held January 24, of faith, accepting the two ~acra- LI.oyd S. Ruland, D.D., of Bing- 1939, at Jackson, Miss. minegnttshaotrdtahienevdisbibyleCuhnriistyt, aonfdCbherliisetv'shamton, N. Y., a former mis- Church is the will of God, hereby formally declare their purpose to sionary in China, becomes secre- School for Missionaries achieve organic union between their tary for China. Pending the The first Iowa School for Mis- respective churches. election .of a successor t.o Dr. Leber, Rev. J. L. Hooper, D.D., si.onaries will be held January -The Churchman. of the Philippines, will serve as 23 t.o February 18, 1939, at Iowa secretary f.or the four countries' State College, Ames, Iowa. The Library, and Racial Problem recently under Dr. Leber's su- first three weeks will be devoted t.o classes in the following sub- Here is what can happen pervision. jects: sociology and rural or- when a mission study class ganizati.on, agriculture and ru- learns something and acts upon Lutheran Unification ral education, foods and nutri- it. The minister of a Colored tion, family life and health, and church in Portsmouth, Va., city Delegates to the Eastern Dis- agriculture. The aftern.oons will of 50,000, told a white mission trict Convention .of the Ameri- study group that the Colored can Lutheran Church voted to be devoted t.o conferences and people of the city had n.o access put aside "doctrinal differences" field trips. A two-day rural mis- to a library. This was news to with .other Lutheran churches sions conference will be held many of the white people. and to unite "in fell.owship .of pulpit and altar" with them. during the course .of the school. The mission study class inves- The vote foll.owed long discus- The fourth week c.oincides with tigated, secured the cooperation sion of the reports of the Ameri- Iowa State Farm and Home of the National Youth Adminiscan Lutheran Church Commis- Week, the lectures and exhibits tration, which made the desired sion on Fell.owship with the .of which will be open t.o the mis- library a pr.oject, obtained aid United Lutheran Church in from the PWA, was given space America and with the Lutheran sionaries. The Iowa School for in Mr. Birchette's parish h.ouse, Synod of Missouri, Ohio and Missionaries is being carried on received gifts from citizens for .other states. by the Iowa State College at the lumber, paint, labor, and some request and with the co.opera- but n.ot yet enough furniturre T.h e Evangelical Lutheran an,d b.o.oks (the Church Periodi- Synod of Missouri has churches ti.on .of the Rural Missions C.o- cal Club assisting) and put a in every state of the Union, and .operating C.ommittee, repre- trained librarian in charge. a total membership .of 1,305,000 senting some eighteen foreign in the United States and Can- The library was opened by a ada. At the recent Triennial missi.on b.oards in the United States. -Agricultural Mission Notes.

Conventi.on the Syn.od auth.or- Presbyterian-Episcopal program inc Iud i n g eight ized a drive for a thank offering s pee c h e s by representatives Negotiations to commemorate the hundredth from co.operating groups.

anniversary .of the arrival in the A delegation fr.om the Pres- Border Cooperation United States .of the Saxons who byterian Church U. S. A., met f.ounded this church. The sum Every Texas city of moderate sought will be in addition to the last December with Bish.oP Per- size has its "Little Mexico," cut annual budget of $1,500,000. ry and Dr. Howard C. R.obbins .off from the rest .of the town by of the Protestant Episc.opal The- United Methodism Meets ological Seminary to confer on invisible but definite lines that a closer union ·of the tW.o b.odies. are seldom crossed except by The first large j.oint meeting Representing the Presbyterian teachers, missionaries or occa- .of Methodists held since unifi- Church were Dr. L. S. Mudge, sional tourists. Few of the cation was approved by the stated clerk of the General nearly 7,000 Mexicans in Texas Methodist Episcopal Church, Assembly and Dr. J. Ross Stev- speak English: they have their South, took place in Columbus, enson, chairman of the Presbyte- own stores, newspapers, church- Ohi.o, in JUly. C.ommittees were rian Assembly's Department on es. While the majority are

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

Roman Catholic, every Mexican notified the large canneries at ment is given for an hour three center has a struggling evangel- Ho.onah and Yakutat that no na- times within one week, and then ical mission, and the American tives need bother to apply for the patient is allowed to rest for Bible Society tries to provide work either as laborers in the a month before the treatment is Spanish Scriptures at cost. Sec- canneries or as fishermen, for continued. retary Marroquin, American Bi- they would n'Ot be hired." The A wealthy philanthrQpist 'Of ble Society's Mexican agent, a natives in that region, threaten- Brazil has offered a set of the few months ago made a two- ing to take things into their own apparatus to the United States, weeks' tour of the centers of hands, are prepared to fight, if for use at the Leper Clinic in Mexican population in Texas; a necessary, fQr their right to Carville, La. journey of over 1,500 miles, work. The largest cannery in -The Christian Advocate. with stops in various centers Alaska, located at Kassan, has where local c'Ommittees had definitely decided not to reopen. Thr.ough Brazil with the Bible previously planned interdenomi- Others may do likewise, rather national meetings to hear his than yield to the unreas.onable An outstanding piece .of work during the year has been the reillustrated lecture. He shows demands of the labor unions. markable journey through Brahis audience how colportage Unless the deadlock is broken, zil of two colporteurs, George work is done in Mexic'O, takes Glass and the redoubtable Antao them over mountain passes, on thousands of Alaskan families Pessoa. They c'Overed 5,000 burro back or oxcart; and tells will suffer. them how, under the present Mexican g'Overnment, the circu- LATIN AMERIOA miles, mQstly by mule back, but lation 'Of the Bible increased the SQme 1,300 miles was in a "dug past year by 10,000 copies; how the Scriptures are being trans- Educati.on in B.olivia out" and almost 250 miles on lated into the native tongues of foot. There were perils to face, 3,000,000 Indians .of Mexico The public school teachers of such as terrific cataracts, rapids, who do not speak Spanish; how Bolivia have petitioned the wild beasts and hostile tribes, the 130,000 Protestants of that g.overnment to use for public the latter sunk in poverty and country contributed 4,152 pesos schools the money now given to ignorance. Once 'On trek they (over a thousand d'Ollars) to the support the State church. The came to an abandoned region support of the Bible Society; Roman clergy have jointly is- ruled by a murderer who tried how even the illiterates often sued a pastoral letter to all Bo- to get them in his p.ower, but buy copies .of the Bible, in the livian citizens warning them with the c'Onnivance of two 'Of hope that someone will read that their religion is in danger, the man's own cut throats they aloud to them-so great is their that Communism is just arQund managed to escape. desire for the Word of God. the CQrner. and that they should The largest sales were made c'Onsider very carefully for in the priest-ridden town of Eighteen such meetings were whom they cast their vote. This Campinas. One very suspicious held, and 'Over 7,000 Mexicans year 1938, may prove a momen-· old lady refused to touch the heard 'Of the work of Bible dis- tous .one for Bolivia, especially books, but as the colporteur read tribution, while 14,000 Gospels were left with local pastors to if the Congress and the Senate one passage after another she be given out. should decide on the separation began to make exclamatiQns of -Bible Society Record. of Church and State, which ac- apprQval, and finally bought a tion is not altogether improb- copy, say i n g apologetically: able. "You see, I thought the bOQk -Baptist Missionary Review. was Protestant." The lurid pic- Alaskans in Distress tures 'Of Protestants, painted by Oxygen f.or Lepr.osy the priests, had filled the people Native Alaskans, who depend Brazil is said to lead the wQrld with dread. entirely upon the fishing in- in the fight against leprosy, and dustry for their living, are fac- These two intrepid men had ing a desperate situati'On grow- a new treatment being tried ing out of the activities of the there is reported by Dr. H. W. many adventures and escapes, Wade, of Washington, D. C. It labor unions in the United but the greatest experience was States who seek to control the consists of the administration fishing and canning industry of oxygen under pressure, and the satisfaction .of circulating throughout the Alaskan Terri- the inventor is Dr. Ozorio de 100 Bibles, 700 Testaments and Almeida, wh.o first thought of it 3,000 Gospels in 'One .of the dark- est regions 'Of the earth.

-The Neglected Continent.

tory. Demands of rival labor as a means 'Of treating cancer. Five Year Increase in Brazil unions have prevented the re- The patient is placed in a tank opening of the canneries. These into which pure 'Oxygen can be The Presbyterian Church of unions insist upon determining introduced and the pressure Brazil reported at the annual who shall be employed, discrim- gradually increased until it General Assembly held this year inating against native Alaskans. reaches an atmosphere and a in FQrtaleza that there are now A correspondent of the Presby- half (some twenty-one pounds 266 organized churches and 140 terian BQard of National Mis- to the square inch) ab.ove the .other groups, exclusive of 1,522 sions writes: "The C. I. O. has normal pressure. The treat- places where the Gospel is regu-

larly preached. These churches EUROPE heads of families-men in good are organized into three synods Mohammed's Birthday Cele- standing with the governmentand are ministered to by 183 or- must be presented for approval. brated in London dained ministers and nine licen- tiates. There are 43,100 church On May 12, a group of Mo- Calvinistic Congress members, and a Sunday school membership of 47,939. It will hammedans in London cele- The fourth Biennial Calvinbe seen by comparison with the brated the birth of their prophet istic Congress met in Edinburgh figures published in 1932 in the World Dominion Survey of Bra- and Dr. Samuel M. Zwemer was in July, and created "no small zil that this is an all round increase during the last five years. invited to attend. Two hundred stir" in the city. An announce- This church has maintained a persons were present, of whom ment of a "Nazi ban on Edinworker in Portugal for some nearly half were women. SO!lle burgh Congress" drew attention time, and it is hoped that a col- of the men wore the Pers~an to meetings which might otherleague will be sent to him from headdress, a few the IndIan .wise have passed with less nothe Brazilian Church shortly. turban, but as to the rest they tice but the added interest was -World Dominion Press. might have been any group of justified. Four German pastors cultured London people. About were refused permission by der three-fourths of those pr~s~nt Fuehrer to be present, the reason were Moslems. :r'he presldmg being that the Congress was ex- officer was a R.usslan a~d prayer pected to take a sympathetic at- Cooperation in River Platte was offered III ArabIC by an titude toward the Confessional Republics Egyptian. One speaker declared Church as did the World Con- A new epoch in cooperation Mohammed to be "the redeemer ference' on Faith and Order at among Evangelical forces in Argentina, Uruguay and Para- of womanhood, the light of the :n Oxford last year. However two world and the glory of civilizaguay is believed to have begun tion" ! !-Religious Digest. Germans of the Ref 0 r e d Church were present, but took as a result of a conference called Bans and Concessions in by the Committee on Coopera- Roumania no part in the program. tion in Buenos Aires. This Con- The Congress was made up of ference considered the question The Religious News Service about 130 delegates, and inof organizing a Confederation reports that the Roumanian cluded a number of Europe's of Evangelical Churches in this Government has made it illegal foremost theologians. Holland area, and a committee of nine for eight different religious sects and Hungary sent some of their was appointed to draw up plans to continue the practice of their best thinkers, and others came for such a federation. faiths. . from France, Czechoslovakia, Switzerland, South Africa, New Of the forty-five pastors and The sects banned are: the Mil- Zealand, Australia, America, laymen in attendance, repre- .lenium group (which, .according Eire and Northern Ireland. The senting sixteen church bodies to the decision includes the In- general topic was "The Reand organizations, twenty-two ternational Students of the Bi- formed Faith and its Ethical Consequences" in the Individual, were nationals; eighteen were ble, Jehovah's Witnesses and the Family, the Church, in So- ciety, the State, in Economics, missionaries of North American others) the Pentecostalists, the in Art. It was emphasized that the world must get back to the and British Boards; and five Tremblers, the Church of God vital principle of Calvinism, the were ministers to non-Spanish- the Apostle, the Penitent Naza- sovereignty of God.

speaking groups in Argentina. renes, the Reformed Adventists, -The Christian.

It was regarded as the most rep- the Illistii, the Innocents and the resentative group ever meeting Stilisti (the Old Stylers).

in Buenos Aires to discuss At the same time, the official decision granted new concesmeans of closer cooperation. Reformed Church of France An "Evangelical Youth Con- sions to Baptists, Seventh Day gress," held in Rosario, Argen- Adventists and Evangelicals. The Reformed Church of tine, last year revealed an in- Baptists received special men- France, which now unites the creasing solidarity among young tion, the last clause of the long four principal French Churches, people. Strong leadership was decision stating that they will will officially function in its unimanifest; the delegates declared be permitted to organize church fied form on January 1, 1939. their allegiance not only to the communions throughout the The new organization will be Church and its place in deepen- country by fulfilling certain con- marked by a work of conquest, ing the spiritual life, but also ditions, which in countries like consolidation and forward evanadopted important resolutions the United States and England gelism. in the field of social action. would be considered imposi- The churches in Paris are These young people edit and tions; for example, a minister seeking to spread among their publish two excellent periodicals must confine his activities to the congregations a desire for Bible in this district and share in a four walls of the recognized study, carried on by groups radio preaching broadcast twice "prayer house," and before such meeting daily in places of worweekly. a house can be lawful a petition ship. The great success which -The Christian Century. bearing the signature of twenty has resulted is due to a deep de-

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

sire to know better the Word olics are not concerned, since AFRICA of God in order to spread this they concluded a concordant knowledge throughout ,France. nearly ten years ago. Jewish Islam's Sudan Campaign The fall in the value of the problems appear to be more po- As a result of Egypt's ac- franc and the rise in the cost of litical than religious.. knowledged rights in the Sudan, living presents a troublesome The head of this new depart- Azhar University in Cairo is deproblem to all the churches, and ment has traveled widely and is veloping a Moslem missionary es.pecially to the Paris Mission- conversant with all these prob- enterprise for various countries, ary Society with its large com- lems at first hand. and proposes that young Sudan- mitments in British Sou t h There will be seven divisions ese be trained at the University Africa. It will force them to in the new department, each in the technique of teaching Isconsider seriously the salaries under the direction of a special- lam to the pagans of the Sudan; of pastors, their pensions, and ist in such fields as education, and that they imitate Christian the maintenance and current ex- religion, labor, culture and eco- missionaries in acquiring the penditure of all Christian ac- native languages of these people. tivities. Yet the church has nomics. In spite of various discour- unanimously decided upon ad- The Gospel for Refugees agements, Christian missions in vance. the southern Sudan are meeting -World Dominion Press. In spite of the difficulties with great response. In some which beset the Russian Gospel areas, thousands attend the Sun- Evangelism in Greece Movement, conversions and bap- day services, and native Chris- A small group of Grecians, tisms are continually taking tians have started hundreds of converted to evangelical faith place among refugees. in various bush schools throughout the through reading the Bible, were country. charged by the Orthodox Church parts of Europe. Evangelistic with illegal proselytizing, for meetings are held regularly at Danger in Half Knowledge which the penalty is banishment. A Greek lawyer, now Montbard, France, where there Rev. P. A. Unwin, of the studying in England, was em- are numbers of refugees. The C. M. S., says that with the ployed to defend them and was Movement is responsible for the preaching of the Gospel there so impressed with the unfalter- must be systematic Christian distribution of a magazine and education, and clinches the point quantities of Gospel literature, mostly Scripture portions and ing faith of these unlettered books. with the following story: "A men that he entered into a During the International Ex- workman, educated in a governdee per spiritual experience position in Paris last year, more ment technical school, came to through their testimony, and is than 15,000 tracts in French and my room a short while ago. 'I now devoting his life to the Russian were distributed. Large want to see the thing which Lord's work. He reports that texts were on display, where makes the noise inside that box,'

this little group has started a they could be read by visitors. he said, indicating the wireless church which is growing stead- In this connection, it is start- set. I took off the back and ily. One old, illiterate woman ling to note in a report of the showed him all I could; but I asked a neighbor to read a Bible National Lutheran Council that am ignorant in such matters. chapter to her every day, and the 1938 budget of the Godless Then he railed at me and the gist half the village was converted of his remarks was this: 'You through this one instance, one of organization in Russia amounts English are all the same ; you the converts being a man who to 65 million rubles. Of this had spent seventeen years in sum 42 millions are contributed keep the African back. You do not want him to learn lest he prison. by members and 23 millions de- rived from the sale of anti-reli- should govern himself and you After completing his studies gious literature. During the would be deprived of the shillin England, this lawyer plans to year 14 millions will be allocated ings which you get from native return to Greece and help to to subsidize activities of the In- taxes. The Mission is the ear shepherd this flock. ternational Godless committee, of the Government. You are as and the remainder will be uti- bad as the rest. Have you not Situation Eased in Roumania lized for propaganda purposes refused to tell me how the wire- less works? Did they not refuse All religious questions have within the country. It is ex- pected also that a contribution to tell me how to make electricity been taken out of the office of will be sent to aid in financing at the technical school? And the Minister of Cult, and a the International Free Thinkers' why do you not let the African special department has been cre- congress to be held in London make his own shillings as you ated by the Roumanian Govern- next autumn. This amounts to do yourselves?' " ment to handle all minority a total of $13,000,000, of which questions, including religious -C. M. S. Outlook.

and ethical. This move is high- $2,800,000 is designated for Education Proceeds Slowly ly pleasing to such minorities as "foreign missions" in the United the Baptists, Evangelicals, Re- States and other Christian na- A diagram in the Gold Coast formists and Adventists. Cath- tions. Annual Education Report shows.

the total number of children at- man it was not for them to say WESTERN ASIA tending school for the past no. Hebrew University twenty-five years: according to the ratio of increase, it would Bantu Sunday Schools The Hebrew University in Jetake approximately 600 years before a child-population of the The s,econd Bantu Sunday rusalem, when founded in 1925, present size would be attending school. School Convention in Johannes- consisted of one building, a li- burg was attended by 117 dele- brary of 74,000 volumes, a fac- A further diagram, taking galtes from 43 centers in all ulty of 30, a student body of 64 into. account increases of population, shows the percentages of provinces of the South Africa and a curriculum of four departchildren of school age attending school to the total child-popula- Union, Basutoland and Swazi- ments. Today, on Mount Scotion year by year for the 25-year land. ~us there are 12 buildings, a period; and shows that it would take over 3,500 years before The Convention endorsed the lIbrary of over 350,000 volumes, primary education would be made available for the whole recommendation of the Inter-De- ",",a student body of over 800; a of the child-population of the partmental Committee on Na- faculty of 110.; and a currICU- Gold Coast. Figures for the tive Education that native edu- lum on a par! III both scope ~nd whole of Africa would be even cation should continue to be sta.ndar?~, WIth .that of leadmg more startling. centered in religion. It urged umve:;slbes. WIt.h some of. the upon the administration of Na- world s ou~standmg ~ ~ WI S h -World Dominion Press. tive Education and the teaching ~cholars on Its facu~ty, I~ IS mak- body to make religious educa- mg ~emarkab~e strIdes m schol- Pioneering in the Congo tion worthy and effective, and arshlp and sc!ence. . . Perhaps no type of mission- that every subject in the school In. connecbon Wlt~ t~e Ulllary service makes a greater ap- curriculum should be made a verslty, a great sClenbfic repeal to the imagination than pioneering. Rev. Malcolm Guthrie medium for the teaching of re- search activity is being deof the English Baptist Society writes an account for The Life ligion. veloped. This includes special of Faith of a pioneer trip in the de~artmen~s of ~rchreology, edu- Belgian Congo, when he covered Grave concern was expressed ~abon, sOCI~1 SCIence and agrar- 315 miles in less than four at the growing evil .of gambling Ian economIcs, as well as a deweeks, walking or cycling. "In among children both native and part!llent of par~sitol?gy, wh~re the most distant villages," he European. Chu~ches were asked specIal rese.arch IS bemg carrIed says, "they had not only never to give definite teaching on the heard the Gospel-they had never even heard of people with subject, and the Government on concernmg leprosy and cana Gospel to preach. The only was urged to curb gambling by cer.-Hadassah News Letter. white men they ever see are the government doctor who comes all possible means, and to de- Challenge to the Christian twice a year, and the tax col- stroy the facilities for the evil. Church lector once a year." -World Dominion Press. Most people showed a real desire to understand the message. Laborer Starts a Church An Arab Christian leader in In the first village visited, two Palestine writes the following boys wanted to go back with Mr. A young Portuguese, with his Guthrie in order "to get wis- wife and family, has gone to Sao letter: dom"; others asked for an evan- Tome, Portuguese Africa, to gelist to come and live among strengthen a work that was What can one say about Palestine them, and there were discus- started by an indentured la- at present! It is a country torn to sions as to how his belongings pieces by strife, hatred, rioting and could be conveyed such a long borer who had been converted aggression. Materially as well as distance. At Bokwo, another to evangelical Christianity in morally the country is on the eve of village, the people ran away in Angola; and whose initiative a total collapse, and what is still fright, and during the two days' resulted in the formation of a more painful is the fact that the services nobody took any notice small group of Christians. They troubles of the country may be traced at all. Later, a solemn conclave had no Scriptures to instruct back to racial ambitions based on was held to determine whether them, but found some fragments religious tradition and history. Jews an evangelist should be allowed of a Bible in some waste paper. as well as Arabs hold fast to their to locate in the village, and they These they copied by hand and claims in this respect, while the Chriscame to the conclusion that if distributed. At first they were tian Church has not yet come forward Mr. Guthrie wished to send a persecuted, but later it was with proposals to reconcile matters on recognized that the evangelicals the basic principle of Christianity, were the best workers, and they In the meantime unemployment and were no longer molested. what it entails is growing rapidly, suffering, hunger, dissatisfaction with This young Portuguese work- life, etc. Yet missionary activities, er has been commended by all hospitals, orphanages, welfare centers the denominations in Portugal, continue their work, often under very and it is hoped that the work In strained conditions and financial dif- Sao Tome will be adequately ficulties, particularly those who de- supported. pend for their support on Middle Europe. But nobody sees how this -World Dominion Press. country's affairs may be settled, there is not one, ray of hope that matters will clear up in the near or distant future, and I think that all of us have failed in the paramount duty of pray- ing constantly for this holy land, as

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

God only can send peace and He will meeting. "I have written the the divine power of the Good undoubtedly do so in His time if we unite in prayers to Him. music for the Lord's Prayer," he News. said, and handed me a neatly -Near East Christian Council.

Iranian Christian Art written sheet of music. "Will INDIA AND BURMA you sing it for us· tonight?" I Recent relaxation of the Mos- asked. He agreed, and later on lem rule in Iran against displays impressed us all deeply by sing- Legislators Face Problems of Christian work has been fol- ing "Our Father which art in Indian legislators are finding lowed by the use of Christian Heaven" to Iranian music of his pictures in educational p r 0- own composition. Then he gave that their economic and social grams. An Iranian was asked to a splendid testimony, telling the problems are not capable of select from a catalogue of Perry others what God had done for speedy solution. Mr. Gandhi's pictures those best suited to his him. educational proposals are called people. Unerringly, he picked impractical; and obstacles cononly great masterpieces, and one Field Widens in Arabia result has been increased sales tinue to arise in regard to childof Christian literature. Dr. Paul W. Harrison outlines marriage laws. The usual dis- some reasons for encouragement turbances involving Hindus and Converted By a Dream in medical work in Arabia. One Moslems result in clashes here of these is the steadily improv- Rev. W. McE. Miller, Presby- ing equipment. Better build- and there. However, most obterian missionary of Teheran, servers agree that the experi- ment of self-government is working not too badly. Iran, tells the story of one of the ings, instruments andautomo- A halt has been called in the latest converts, a man about 30. biles all contribute to the doc- prospects of any large communal He came to a meeting for in- tor's efficiency, but more im- movement of the d e pre sse d quirers and introduced himself portant than buildings and in- classes. Dr. Ambedkar is out at the close. He had been seek- struments, better trained men for guarantees that if any gen- ing the truth for five or six are now available, and with eral movement should take place, years, but had not found it. better training come increased assurances must be forthcoming Finally, one of his friends sug- resources of medicine itself; for that the political rights and sogested that he read the New anemia, they now have some- cial and economic well-being of Testament. He came to the gate thing better than powdered his community shall be conof our Mission where there is a shingle nails. served.

small bookshop and bought the As the friendlines:s of the peo- The general attitude of these book, and was profoundly in- ple grows, the field for medical classes is favorable to the recepfluenced by Christ's teaching. A work widens. Some have come tion of Christianity wherever year passed, and he did not be- to suspect that dirt is as much missions are in effective touch come a Christian. Finally, he to blame as the evil eye in mak- with them, and this work prohad a dream. He saw a great ing babies sick, and some of the ceeds in proportion to the abilmultitude, dressed in various most picturesque smells in the ity of missions to buy up the costumes, following a float on Near East are about to pass opportunity. The various "mass which a majestic Person was en- away. With all this have come movements" are proceeding· throned. A voice said to him, enlarged opportunities, and it is apace. The movement in the "Follow the teaching which is the day of beginnings for the Bhil area of Central India is exruling the world today!" He Christian Church. ceedingly promising, and if the tried to go nearer, but the crowd There are regular preaching missions were in a better posi- services where men and women prevented him. After ten days hear the good news about tion to follow up what is an unthe dream was repeated, and the Christ. Some of these are held doubted desire on the part of voice said, "Why do you hold in the Hospital compound, and these people to become Chrisback? Follow this teaching!" some of them in the little houses tians, there is almost no limit to the degree in which these This time he found himself quite near the glorious Person. He of the hospital helpers. There 2,000,000 people could be rerealized it was Christ, and he are social evenings where Chris- ceived into the Christian Church. determined to become a Chris- tian men and women learn how The five – year evangelistic tian, so on the advice of his Christ wants them to associate movement continues to occupy friend he had come to church, with one another. These are the attention of the churches, and the sermon had made a deep church affairs. The outside with notable results in many impression. We suggested that world is not invited. They are places. Conferences of farhe yield himself to Christ at hilarious and useful. The sum reaching importance are being once, and he said he was ready, total of all this is that the held in preparation for the so we prayed together, put his Church is emerging, and slowly Madras World Missionary Conhand into the hand of Christ, taking shape and growing, not ference, and there is a new spirit and he arose with a new light in because of any exhibition of hu- of optimism growing up in many his face. Next week he was the man skill or efficiency or wis- quarters. -World Dominion Press. first to arrive at the inquirers' dom, bp.t simply as a result of

Fighting Fear and demonstrated at a meeting of could be done for them, are now Superstition the Kolapur Church Council at being treated successfully. The C. M. S. Schools in Srinagar Sangli, when the eight or ten addition of this deep X-ray is are teaching their pupils to live up to their motto: "In all things missionaries present marvelled probably the hospital's greatest be men." Superstition and the at the progress made by Indian milestone in years, while for the fear of doing what "is not done," are twin evils in Kashmir. The Christian women in the past first time in its forty-five years' fear of public opinion is very strong, but the following inci- fifteen years since their first history an ambulance makes dent shows how this fear is being overcome. Those who lived participation in this organiza- possible more village work. The near the lake at Srinagar considered it useless to learn to tion. It was not just an occa- office has been made into a censwim because the "djinns" in the water would pull them down. sion to get together and talk; a tral unit, a cash register in- To disprove the theory, a yearly swim across the lake was organ- great deal of constructive activ- stalled to simplify routine work ized. Howe v e r, the "djinn" ity was reported. One village and a central storeroom makes woman reported apologetically. for greater efficiency and econ- for her group: '~'- omy. Plans are under way for I am only a country woman and I a second operating room and a library. can't read, but I'll tell about our so- -Western India Notes. ciety. We live in the country and Cholera Outbreak there is no one to help us or show us how we ought to do things. We don't even know how to pray proper- worshipers were not satisfied. ly, as we've never had a real opportu- In the recent outbreak of "It is true you have conquered nity to learn anything much, but we cholera in the United Provinces, the day-water 'djinns,'" they met regularly anyhow and did the 15,000 cases, out of 30,000, are best we knew. reported to have died. Fortysaid, "but how about those who four out of forty-eight districts inhabit the water at night?" The Here is a list of activities, are affeded. According to the challenge was accepted, and taken at random from reports Associated Press, entire villages thirteen boys swam safely across read: the lake at midnight. have been wiped out. Giving information regarding tem- The first crew of boys to pad- perance and missionary work of other India is one of the world's dle a boat through the city, lands. greatest cholera danger spots, about thirty years ago, hid them- Supporting Christian p rim a r y with more than 400,000 cases selves under b I a n k e t s, so schools for non-Christian children. every year. The ignorance and ashamed were they as sons of the educated to be seen engaged Helping support widows and or- superstition of the common in manual work. In various phans by sewing and other activities. ways the school is modifying people hinder the efforts of the the social customs of Kashmir. Conducting a nursery school in a officials to cope with the disease. For example, the rule that boys needy neighborhood. Native custom requires that under 18 who marry must pay double fees to enter the school Doing voluntary evangelistic work, bodies of cholera victims be is an effective method of reduc- usually in villages. thrown into streams, instead of ing the number of early mar- being buried or burned, and any riages. More than fifty widowed Conducting Sunday schools. attempt on the part of the govgirls have remarried in the past Supervising primary schools. ten years-another old custom Selling Christian literature (one ernment to prevent this is met dethroned. There is a new atti- enterprising woman sold over 100 tude toward the suffering of ani- Christian booklets to delegates in one with opposition. However, the mals; many boys are entering day). government is making every ef- Teaching illiterates to read. Teaching sewing, crocheting, knit- fort to deal with the problem on ting, etc. a large scale by using mass in- Helping small village societies to oculation and disinfection of conduct their meetings. dwellings as rapidly as possible. Cleaning the church, each woman voluntarily taking a turn.

-Western India Notes.

the veterinary profession. Bet- Bright Spots at Miraj Converts Walk 100 Miles ter still, more consideration is being shown the sick and afflict- Miraj Hospital is known all It is news when we hear of ed. There is a marked spiritual Christians so anxious to attend influence in the school, where over the world as one of the few a Christian service they will 1,400 boys and 280 girls are be- self-supporting mission instituing prepared for life. tions, and is unique in its being walk one hundred miles in order the only hospital to support a to be present. A group of eleven -The Christian. medical school. It is especially men in the Telugu area agreed Women to the Fore known for its surgery, a repu- they would walk the fifty miles tation which the late Sir Wil- there and fifty back to attend Daily papers in India indicate liam Wanless and Charles E. the conference in Hindpur. Then how rapidly women are coming Vail established. Notable acqui- they decided to make an evanto the front in politics, education sitions of the past year were the gelistic campaign of it so and social service, while their deep X-ray and the ambulance. preached in the villages en progress in the field of Christian Patients suffering from deep- route, and in order that they religion is becoming more and seated cancer, who were turned might reach as many villages as more noteworthy. This was away formerly because nothing possible with their witness, they

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

decided to return by a different Evangelism Among Bunnans result will be is not yet foreseen. route. Not only did they walk Educators find themselves in an 100 miles but it cost them at A writer in the National impossible situation. On the lease nine days' wages for the Christian Council Review asserts one hand, they face the humiliprivilege of attending the s e that Burma is today as strongly ating demands of the arrogant meetings. The leader of the Buddhist as it has ever been; invading army. On the other, group, who is a cripple, told and if the non-Burman Christian they must reckon with the risfriends how God had supplied community were removed, the ing tide of Chinese patriotism all their needs and kept them Church would number not more which suspects every attempt at from harm along the way, his than 15,000. Some have main- accommodation with the conface fairly beaming as he told it. tained that the time has come to querors as incipient treason. abandon work in Burma· and Sooner or later, the missions -Darkness and Light. concentrate upon more respon- will find it impossible to main- sive peoples, such as the Karens tain even a semblance of neu- Santal Christian Council and Chins, and thus form a ring trality under such conditions. of Christian people around the For the mission colleges in the An unusual feature of the land, trusting that the evangel- Peiping area, that time has evi- Santal Christian Council held ization of Burma will ensue. dently arrived. last February was that all the sessions, both devotional and The Burman cannot be said -Christian Century. business, were held in the Santal to be antagonistic to Christianlanguage. There were 14 Euro- ity. The message does not Farm Cooperatives for pean and American, and about arouse opposition. The Burman Refugees 40 Santal representatives pres- is influenced by public opinion ent. An entire session was which regards Christianity in a Plans are being developed to given to a discussion of the Sad- political rather than in a reli- form cooperative communities hu Movement. Sad h u s are gious light. The Burman Bud- of farmer refugees. It is estiknown as "clean people," and dhist attitude toward Burmese mated that between fifteen and they urge the Santal to give up Christians is that they have cut twenty million Chinese have eating unclean things, chickens, themselves off from the life of been driven off their lands in pigs., goats and sheep being their country by associating the devastated war zone, and classed as such. They urge the with the foreign cult. Preach- only heroic efforts by the Inter- Santals to worship the sun. The ing and routine work will not national Red Cross and similar fact that they respond to this bring the Burman into the agencies can save most of them teaching is proof of a heart Christian Church. He will from starvation before the end hunger which makes it all the change his religion only if he of next winter. Something more more imperative that they be cannot get away from the fact is needed than merely to feed given a chance to hear the that the new religion is better and clothe these helpless hordes, Christian message. than the old in the quality of and this something is now be- character it produces. ing sought by setting up in Two other subjects. discussed sparsely settled parts of China, were rural education and evan- CHINA AND TIBET far removed from the battle gelism. The following points lines where the likelihood of inwere indicated as essential: Japanese Orders Defied vasion is sma II, cooperative farming settlements. The money Training in handwork as well as Three Christian universities required to start these is coming academic subjects. in Peiping have risked their fu- in part from the Chinese gov- ture existence by refusing to ernment and in part from Chi- The use of materials easily avail- comply with orders to partici- nese banks. able in the district in which the school pate in celebrations of the Japis located, such as date palm leaves, anese occupation. The schools This establishment of farm jute and bamboo. involved are the Protestant cooperatives may have a far- Yenching University, the Ameri- reaching and permanent social Opportunities for gardening and can Catholic Fujen University importance in China. Perhaps the study of methods of improving and the French Catholic Peiping this may be one of the ways in agricultural work. University. The presidents of which an unexpected good may all three were ordered to hoist come out of the present evil of A cottage plan of hostel especially the flag of the puppet provision- war. for girls, and training in domestic al government, to make speeches science and the care of children. against Chiang Kai-shek's gov- Emergency Fund for Colleges ernment, to call on Japanese Opportunities for self-government army officers and tender official Nearly 4,500 individuals and in the hostel; responsibilities in the "thanks" for the Japanese in- organizations in the United Church and of service in· the village. vasion, and to send telegrams to States have united to raise an Chinese abroad denouncing Chi- emergency fund of $300,000 to The need for a positive faith, ang Kai-shek as "the arch crim- ensure the continuance of the 13 backed up by the testimony of a inal of eastern Asia." What the American – supported women's Christian life, was emphasized, as was also the need for a program of adult education among rural Santals.

-N a t ion a l Christian Council Review.

and coeducational colleges in Shantung Christian University, dhist theories in the form of a China, as the consummation of a seven months' campaign. The and the Central Government "Wheel of Life." The six reproject was undertaken by the National Emergency Committee University at Nanking have all gions of rebirth are painted on for Christian Colleges in China. moved to Chengtu. Dean S. N. a scroll which ranges from two This Christian educational work was begun by Americans Cheer, noted Chinese medical feet to several feet square, and as early as 1864. Some of the thirteen institutions have been educator and graduate of Har- which can readily be rolled and forced to leave their buildings temporarily; others have been vard, who has been in charge of unrolled. It occurred to misbombed, and are now in dugouts on the campus, but all of them the government medical school sionaries in Tibet that a Chrishave managed to maintain some, or all of their programs through- at Nanking, has been placed in tian Tibetan scroll on the lines out the past year. The total annual budget of the 13 colleges is charge of outpatient and inpa- of those used in the country normally about $1,600,000, of which a little more than $1,000,- tient clinical instruction at would be a novel and effective 000 comes from western sources and the remainder from Chi- Chengtu, thus centering almost way of presenting the Christian nese resources. Prevailing war conditions have reduced radical- all Chinese medical education in ". message. Services of Mr. John ly their income from Chinese sources, necessitating this spe- this one institution. ""Carey were secured, and he has cial fund of $300,000 both to replace losses of normal income -Christian Advocate. made some very beautiful paintand to meet heavy emergency expenditures. ings showing the life of Christ Another Rockefeller Gift Evangelizing Tibet and some of the parables. A lo- cal touch is given by depicting The Rockefeller Foundation Mass movements are not like- the learned men questioning J ehas made a grant of $35,000 for ly to occur in Tibet where travel sus in the temple as dressed like new buildings and modern is difficult and villages are sep- the lamas of Tibet. equipment at the University arated by mountainous districts. Hos.pital of West China Union Furthermore, the people are The scrolls, six of them, are University, Chengtu, Szechwan like the soil on which they live each sewn on to material of yel- Province. In addition to this -arid and stony. Statistically, low, blue and red, the colors gift, the University has received there is not much to show for used by the lamas. Each scroll $50,000 fro m an American the effort put forth to spread is carried in a sheath made of Methodist and $175,000 from tin with loops so that a string or sources in China. With its new the knowledge of Christ; yet leather strap can be attached equipment the University Hos- there is no doubt that the evan- when the evangelist goes on pital will have 275 beds and gelists who live among the peo- tour. -Moravian Missions. educational facilities for 150 ple and show the Christian medical students in nor mal times. In the present war emer- example are exerting a strong MISCELLANEOUS gency it has 325 medical stu- influence. An experiment is bedents from all parts of China. ing tried by opening a Gospel World Outlook for West China Union University, Inn for pilgrims and travelers Christianity "isolated" in the recesses of West China and far from the to and from Central Asia. The The World Alliance of Rewar area, is now the acknowl- object of this venture is to pro- formed Churches appraised the edged educational center of the vide lodging for these people, outlook for evangelical Chrisnation. It is a missionary in- and to tell them the Good News, tianity, and finds that in some stitution in which American besides distributing the Scrip- countries it is improving, in Methodists and Baptists, the tures to them on their depar- others declining. Adverse con- United Church of Canada, the ture. It is hoped later on to ditions affect the evangelical Friends of Great Britain, and keep an evangelist permanently churches in Italy, Germany, the Church of England combine posted in the Gospel Inn, and Ethiopia, Egypt, Chosen, Forto maintain. Faculties and stu- improve its usefulness as an mosa, Manchukuo, Russia, Spain dents of the University of Nan- evangelistic agency as circum- and Belgium. Protestantism, king, the School of Medicine of stances permit. however, is either growing or holding its own in Scandinavia, Another is the industrial proj- Holland, Switzerland, France, ect, intended to help indigent Czechoslovakia, Poland, Ruma- Christians to tide over a period nia, Greece, Hungary, India and of financial hardship, but the Africa. Finding a "marked re- isolation gives ve r y limited vival of Calvanism in the scope for such an enterprise. It Ref 0 r m e d and Presbyterian is encouraging that the little churches of Europe," the report attributes this in part to "the group of Christians in a village influence of the writings of Karl called oSheh are planning to build Barth." There is no doubt that a small church, independent of the attack of neo-paganism on any help from the Mission. -Baptist Missionary Review.

Christian Tibetan Scroll the Christian Church is driving evangelical church bodies in Eu- The traveler in Tibet frequent- rope back to the Biblical and ly meets in villages a pictorial spiritual fundamentals of their representation of current Bud- faith.-Watchman-Examiner.

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

By-Product of Missions baptized converts among the year over 1936," the report states. Married women com- Missionary activity is not heathen and Moslems in the prised' 73 per cent and single limited to the field of religion, same period was 2,000,000, or women 17 per cent of this total, but flows over into other realms, one to every 525 of the heathen widows and divorcees making up and one important by-product and Moslem population. The the remainder. Their average is the contribution which mis- same degree of success among age was 41.5 years, the youngest sionaries have made to science, heathen and Moslems as among being 25 and the' oldest 65. Last especially in such fields as phi- Jews would have shown 7,000,- year's total is 115 per cent lology, geography, anthropology 000 converts, instead of 2,000,- greater than that of 1933, and and the study of ethnic religions. 000. Three times as many Jewish 159.5 per cent above the average Their contributions have often converts enter the Gospel min- yearly total number of women been of eminent importance, be- istry as of converts from among patients during the period from cause they have usually grown the heathen. A careful com- 1916 through 1936. out of a long personal contact parison of facts shows that no with the subject treated and mission field of modern times Turtle Eggs-Novel bear the stamp of a thorough has been so fruitful as the J ewand minute acquaintance, in viv- ish. Contribution id contrast with so many weak, theorizing productions of the se- The Great Delusion Dr. Albert W. Beaven, who cluded study rooms of univer- has made a recent visit to Bapsities. The New York Sun reports tist Missions in the Far East, these facts for those to ponder says that one of the queerest in- Progressive Ministry to Lepers who have thought that the li- cidents of the trip was one censing of strong drink would man's contribution of 4,000 tur- A summary of the past year's help America financially and tle eggs as his offering toward work of the Mission to Lepers otherwise: the Burma Baptist Convention. evidences an increasing scope of Some churches responded by this Christ-like ministry. Here In three years the Federal sending bags of rice, some a are some of the advances: in- government was defrauded of whole ox, while another church creased accommodations and $1,800,000 in alcohol taxes, and sent 2,000 ducks for entertain- New York State of $900,000. Five illicit stills were discovered, larger numbers in its institu- with capacities ranging from ing the 4,300 delegates. But one tions; a steadily increasing num- 200 to 500 gallons. More than man who specialized in turtle ber of out-patients; more service 500,000 gallons of alcohol were eggs sent 4,000 of them. These, for healthy children of lepers. distributed annually by the ring. being very perishable, had to be This work is developing rapidly Whiskey dispensed consisted of kept in wet sand in the basein India, especially. In China the a blend of alcohol, water, some ment of the church, and because need for such work is becoming coloring matter and a portion of of heat and humidity had to be more and more apparent, and in so-called "cooked whiskey." In turned over every ten hours to the widely affected areas of Af- this way 500,000 gallons of al- keep them from germinating. rica it is now realized how much cohol were converted into 1,000,- The entire time of two people can be done in this direction. 000 gallons of bad whiskey. It was required just to turn turtle The Children's Hospital Home was used chiefly by bars and res- eggs. in Uganda is an outstanding taurants to refill empty bottles Much has been written about example. Transcending all this that bore advertised brands and the missionary giving of the alleviation, is the spiritual com- labels of popular liquors. Karens, their self-supporting fort that is being brought to the Here was a triple delusion. churches and their evangelistic sufferers. This phase of the The government was cheated out work. Dr. Beaven was amazed work is proven of value in pro- of tax revenue. The legalized to find, instead of the bamboo, moting physical recovery. liquor industry suffered from thatch-c 0 v ere d shed for a -Life of Faith. illegal competition. The drink- church, a magnificent concrete ers were deceived into thinking and b ric k structure, seating Some Facts About Jews the bottles handed them by bar- from twelve to fifteen hundred According to the J ewish Year tenders contained what the la- people and with a pipe organ that probably cost about $15,000, Book the number of Jews bels said. throughout the world is over The K eel e y Institute at all paid for by the Karens 16,000,000. In the nineteenth Dwight, Illinois, reports that themselves. The seven or eight century 72,000 Jews accepted more women alcoholics took the other buildings, including high Protestant baptism, not to men- Keeley cure in 1937 than in any schools and dormitories, were tion the 132,000 baptized into previous year since 1915, and built 'and paid for by Karen the Greek and Roman Catholic the total number of patients of money. This in the face of the Churches. This is one Protes-' both sexes last year was the fact t hat the average Karen worker's income is from eighttant convert to every 156 of the largest since 1907. Jewish population at the end of "Women patients at the insti- een to twenty-five cents a day.

that century. The number of tute'increased 57.6 per cent last -Watchman-Examiner.

Missionary

Books Briefly Reviewed for the Readers' Information A History of the Expansion of Chris- jacket Df this vDlume which ….ance and especially what they tianity. (Vol. II.) The Thousand bears the symbDls Df falling pil- called the HDly Spirit-by their Years of Uncertainty-A. D. 500 to lars Df Crusader and MDslem very nature led to' variety and A. D. 1500. By Kenneth Scott La- tourette. Maps, Chronological Table warriDr; but the CrDss sur- to' extensive prDliferatiDn." This and Index. pp. 492. $3.00. Harper & Brothers, New York. mDunts the crescent and there is in line with the prDfessed in- are stars in the night-sky. One tentiDn Df the writer to' be "his- The first vDlume O'f this unsurpassed histO'ry Df the ex- reads these chapters with kin- tDrical and whDlly Dbjective" in pansiDn O'f Christianity was dling faith; thDugh God may his treatment Df the subject; reviewed at sO'me length (see December REVIEW, page 573). hide Himself, yet His truth and but his statement dDes nDt satisfy The purpDse and SCDpe Df the great wO'rk remain the same and right will win the day at last. Christians. every page bears the marks Df schDlarship and wide research. The treatment of sO' large a . Elsewhere the authDr ex- PrDfessor LatDurette has a clear theme is topical rather than presses his cDnvictiDn that Dnly style and does not waste wDrds. chrDnological. In the Introduc- thel"impDnderable"JDrces (sure- He Dmits nO'thing essential Dr tion we read: germane to' his theme and gives ly he means the HDly Spirit) "gDDd measure, pressed down, shaken tDgether and running First we will describe the conver- kept the Church alive and alight Dver" with very valuable fDO't- sion of those peoples who came into in medieval darkness. In dealnDtes. ing with the witness Df the the faith through Roman Catholicism, The title Df ProfessDr Latour- next of those who derived their faith martyrs and the patience Df the ette's book is arresting. The from Greek Christianity, and then re- saints during these dark days millenium Df racial migratiDns, count the territorial progress of the we IDng fDr a flash Df light and barbarian invasiDns and Islamic Nestorians and of the Syrian and fire. Even the stDry Df RaycDnquests seemed to be highly Coptic J acobites. Then chronologicalunfavDrable to' the spread Df ly we will double back on our tracks mund Lull is tDld in a rather Christianity. The hearts of the and tell of the spread of Islam and of lukewarm fashiDn, althDugh the faithful were perplexed. "At the the reverses which it brought to facts are faithfully chrDnicled. clDse Df the fifth century, Chris- But as Dne reads page after page tianity had becDme master Df Christianity. Next we will narrate the of the stDry Df the spread Df RDthe Mediterranean wDrld, which efforts of Christians to regain the was still, in spite Df its decay, ground lost to Islam and to carry man CathDlic Christianity in the majDr cultural centre Df their faith beyond the eastern bounds Spain, Gaul and NDrthern Eumankind. Within the next three of Islam into the lands of the Far rDpe, Df the missiDnary wDrk Df centuries it had IDSt abDut half East. Finally we will note the fresh this area and in the pDrtiDn outbursts of Moslem peoples which in the NestDrians in Ambia, Cenwhich still prDfessed the faith the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries tral Asia, China and India, Dne the level of civilizatiDn had dis- wiped Christianity from the map in is cDnfirmed in the cDnfessiDn: tinctly fallen." much of Asia and threatened it in "I believe in the HDly CathDlic Southeastern Europe. Following this The story Df these thDusand account of the varyin~ fortunes in the Church." years is black with tragedy, but expansion of the faith we will adnDt withDut rays Df hope. dress ourselves to the questions of the This secDnd vDlume Df PrD- effect of Christianity upon its en- Thrice blest is he to whom is given vironment and of the effect of the fessDr LatDurette's magnum The instinct that can tell environment upon Christianity. opus is a specific against all the That God is on the field when He Is most invisible. And the marvel is that such parDchialism and prDvincialism wealth Df material, such a sweep The entire hymn by F. W. Fa- across Europe and Central Asia, Df thDse whO' sDmetimes seem to' ber might have been put on the such a crDwding Df a thDusand years intO' Dne day, in Dne bDDk, think that Church history be- does nDt apparently Dver-tax the writer nor weary the reader. It gan with the RefDrmatiDn Dr is a great achievement. One sentence in the IntrDduction we with the DisruptiDn in SCDt- regret, where the author speaks Df the FDunder Df Christianity: land! Our LDrd Jesus Christ "The experiences which came to' His disciples after the crucifix- was head Df His church all iDn – the resurrectiDn appear- thrDugh all these thDusand dark years and made even the wrath Df men to' praise Him. He was cDntinually working Dut his eternal purpDse Df IDve in the midst Df human failure and un- certainty. S. M. ZWEMER.

[446 ] S. J. W. Clark. A Vision of Foreign presented here, are his lack of Forward Through the Ages. By Jesse emphasis on the importance of R. WHson. 139 pp. $1.00. The Missions. By Roland Allen. 12mo. prayer, his failure to state the 170 pp. 28. 6d. World Dominion Judson Press, Philadelphia. 1938. Press. 1938. This small but important book This unusual story of a Chris- necessity of the spiritual new contains a readable summary of tian business man should be read birth and the spiritual qualifica- "missions and missionaries of by every missionary and every tions for missionaries; there is yesterday and today." Mr. Wilexecutive of missions. In seven also no clear statement as to our son has written out of rich exjourneys, (from 1905 to 1924) dependence on the Holy Spirit in perience, first as a missionary in Japan, then as general secretary Mr. Clark looked into foreign the calling and preparation of of the Student Volunteer Movemission work as a pioneer "fact missionaries and in the actual ment; since 1936 he has been finder." He formed his own work that is being done on each western field secretary of the opinions as to the results of the field and in the offices at home. American Baptist Foreign Miswork and the way in which mis- Mr. Clark had positive convic- sions Society. It is an excellent sions should be conducted effi- tions and courage; he stood for book to put into the hands of ciently to be in accord with the new and better methods, rather young people and members of teachings of Christ and the ex- than for more life and better missionary societies. Even those ample of the early Apostles. As personnel; for finer mechanics who are well read in missionary a result, he severely but con- rather than for greater dynamic: literature will like its admirably structively criticized the work of clear and sympathetic survey mission boards to their face. He Der Arbeitslohn in China. By Prof. and evaluation of foreign miswas convinced that too much at- Dr. Paul Arndt, Dr. Djini-Schen sions, past and present. tention has been given to "dig- and Dr. Chii-Fen-Lo. Hans Buske. ging in" on the mission field, and Verlag. Leipzig. A. J. B. too little to surveying the fields in order to understand the need .Every missionary to China Who Is the Holy Spirit? By Henry and to evangelize the vast un- ~Ill find profit from reading this W. Flrost. 12mo. 124 pages. occupied areas. He believed that $1.25. Fleming H. Revell Co., New the Gospel of Christ must be mformabve boo k, evidently York. 1938. widely scattered as "living written after much knroeswelaerdcgh~ Many Christians are like the Seed," that the Bible must be and fro m first-hand disciples at Ephesus in that they of the field.

given to all mankind as the Word The 3,000 years of feudalism have scarcely "heard whether of God. He advocated the use of in China duplicated many condi- there is any Holy Spirit." Much "simplified script." Mr. Clark tions found in the world today, less do they understand His naheld that native leaders must be and suggests the way to organic ture, offices and relation to trained and indigenous churches cooperation among various eco- themselves. It is one of the most should be established and taught nomic groups. The study of important subjects in Christian to be self-supporting from the wages is fruitful for the scholar theology and life. Huge volumes start; and that these Christian the agriculturist, the mechanic: have been written in attempts churches must be the real agen- the tradesman and other work- to interpret the Scripture teachcies for the evangelization of ers, but not to the militarist ings. Here is a simple, clear their own people. What he stood whose life is built on the phi- and practical study that takes tip for deserves the attention of mis- losophy of force. briefly the Spirit's personality, sionary executives today. When This book traces the primal offices, baptism, filling, em- Mr. Clark died a few years ago social cell of China to ancestral powering and other subtopics. he left his fortune to make pos- relations, and then through prop- It is wholly Biblical with a few sible the world surveys of the erty holding, bartering and the -too few-facts of Church his- W 0 rId Dominion Movement. problems of industrial difficul- tory and personal experience to Mr. Clark's main principles in- ties. In an estimated population show how the Holy Spirit has cluded: (1) an organized, well- of 474,820,000 there are about been carrying out the predicconsidered plan for the evan- 78,568,245 families, of which , tions of the New Testament. Dr. gelization of the whole world; 80 % are active in agriculture. Frost 'has rendered a real serv- (2) cooperation and coordina- ice, especially to pastors and tion among all evangelical Chris- The economic facts help the young Christians, in giving us tian forces; (3) special empha- missionary to gauge not only the this illuminating and undersis on evangelization, rather condition of the people but the standable presentation of what than on institutional work; (4) possible support that may be ex- is to many a difficult or negan unpaid native ministry and a pected for the Church and its in- lected-but very vital-subject. stitutions. While there is no self-supporting native church from the beginning; and the de- direct reference to the Christian Following in His Train. By Mrs. J. missionary enterprise, every- W. Cox. 8 vo. 217 pp. 60 cents. velopment of truly indigenous thing in the book bears some re- Boardman Press, Nashville, Tenn. churches, independent of foreign lation to missions and to all life 1938. control. as related to sound economic Mrs. Cox, the wife of a deacon The essential elements that we principles. in the First Baptist church in miss in Mr. Clark's program, as JOHN M. G. DARMS. Memphis, Tenn., was for a time

President of the Woman's Mis- by friends and critics, by evan- would not accept her as a mis- sionary Union. Her chronicle gelists and by men of little faith sionary until she was twenty- of the women's missionary work in the things for which D. L. five, so she filled the intervening of the Southern Baptist Conven- Moody stood committed. These time with the study of medicine, tion is filled too much with seek to set forth the man, his and sailed for Africa in 1919.

names and dates to be popular message, his achievements and Her life was crowded with rich in style, but it gives evidences the secret of his power. All see experiences and achievements, of devoted service and real in him a great man who wielded interestingly recorded in this achievement. a vast influence and left a last- biography. Miss Veenstra died ing impression, but all are inade- in 1933, but the work goes on Dannie and the Alabaster Box. By quate. with signs of blessing.

Constance Savery. 12 mo. 62 Mr. Wilson, a Christian jour- H. H. F. pages. 9d. Pickering & Inglis, Glasgow. nalist, who never knew Mr. ""l'he Presbyterians: The Story of a Moody but has seen the results Stanch and Sturdy People. By An active, mischief-loving boy, through the dramatic, vivid of his work and sympathizes William Thompson Hanzsche. 194 stories of a former missionary, pp. $1.25. The Westminister with his faith and purpose, ha~ Press, Philadelphia. 1938. here tried to interpret the becomes enthusiastic in the "Meaning of Moody." He suc- Ministers, members of Prescause. When Dannie was kept ceeds in giving us many interat home by illness and could not esting glimpses of the man and byterian churches and other stu- attend the big Missionary Ex- some idea of the secret of his dents of religion will doubtless hibition, "Uncle Arthur" made power, but they are only frag- agree with Professor Gaius up for his disappointment by mentary glimpses and ideas. Jackson Slosser of Western telling him thrilling stories of Most of the biographical ma- Theological Seminary, that this Red Tiger, the converted robber terial given here deals with Mr. "is a distinct contribution to of India. He suggested ways Moody's early years, before he historical literature." In brief by which even a small boy could gave all his time to evangelistic compass it gives the main facts earn money to help send the work-in other words to the first regarding the founding and de- Gospel to people whose religious half of his life. velopment of Presbyterianism in beliefs often caused them to Mr. Wilson clearly points out treat even little children cruelly. that D. L. Moody's one aim was the United States, with some ac- count of home missions, but A treasured "Alabaster Box," only a short reference to the brought from India by Uncle Arthur, was chosen by enthusi- to exalt Christ and to win men extensive foreign missionary astic Dannie to hold their gifts to Him – not to himself. He w 0 r k 0 f the Presbyterian says: "I am one who doubts that Moody will ever pass out of the Church. The author, who is a and Dannie enlists his sister, pastor in Trenton, N. J., and a Charlotte, and many 0 the r friends in the good work. His picture. I doubt it because former edito,r of The Presbyenthusiasm, coupled with his Moody was never in any picture terian Magazine, has written in love of mischief, gets him into some pretty serious situations, that did not include the Cross of a fine irenic spirit, declaring and invites frequent correction. Christ. It is not Moody's par- The children are so bluntly that, while "we need to hold to truthful, that they often cause ticular job that explains his great amusement. meaning. It is the fact that he our standards in a world which became big enough for whatever job might be ahead of him. 'God apparently has no standards at is able,' he would say. Love will all, we need to be sympathetic find a way; and this means that to the viewpoint of other Chris- tians." A. J. B.

The small boy seems almost a man filled with the love of God Youth in the Toils. By L. V. Hartoo well informed, and too well becomes the capable man that rison and P. McN. Grant. 167 pp. acquainted with books, for a the world needs." $1.50. Macmillan, New York. 1938. child of seven but the story is bright, interesting and dramatic. Johanna of Nigeria. By Henry Beets. This study has two objectives: 8vo. 228 pp. Grand Rapids Print- to state a very real social proband should help any child or ing Co., Grand Rapids, Mich. 1937. lem of every large city, and to a d u I t to become missionary stir public sentiment to the point This is the life story of a of dealing with it. Mr. Harrison Ir.inded. L. W. P. Dutch Mary Slessor. Johanna is an outstanding criminologist The Meaning of Moody. By P. Whit- Veenstra was born in Paterson, and Mr. Grant has devoted his well Wilson. Illustrated. 12mo. N. J., of sturdy Dutch parent- life to boy probleIru3. The book 151 pp. $1.50. Fleming H. Revell age and at the age of sixteen includes actual stories of delin- Co., New York. 1938. worked in the Gospel Mission quent boys, some told in their One of the evidences of the conducted by Peter Starn. One own language, showing what greatness of D. L. Moody is the day at a Training Institute she made them delinquent. These fact that no biographer, and no heard Dr. Karl Kumm explain "case studies" indicate how difnumber of biographers do justice his idea of a chain of. Christian ferent handling might have to his life and work or fully por- missions across Africa asa bul- made good citizens, in place of tray him. We have "Lives" by wark to stem the tide of Islam. criminals. It is a timely book his two sons and his son-in-law, The Sudan United Mis s ion for this present day. H. H. F.

Book. Chiang Kai-Shek: Soldier and States- Foreign Missions Conference

man. Hollington K. Tong. 2 vola. North America. Report of Forty- 322 and 359 pp. Each vol. 158. fifth Annual Meetin(r. 188. pp. Missionary Arrives in Brazil A. T. Hum & Blackett, London. $1.35. Foreign MiSSIOns CoBler- Bentley Duncan. Svo. 192 pp. ence, New York. 28. 8d. Pickering & Inglis, London. Strong Man of China: Storr of Chiang Kai-Shek. 288 pp. ,3.00. W orId's Need of Religion, The. Pr0- New Testament, The. John Wesley's Houghton Mimin, New York. ceedings of World Congresa of Translation. Introduction by George Faiths, Oxford, 1937. 189 pp. 68. C. Cell 891 ])p. John C. Winston Christian Missions in Mid-India. J. Nicholson & Watson, London. Co., Phi1adelplUa. W. Pickett. 111 pp. 12aB. Jub- bulpore Mission Press. Educational Missions at Work. Ed- Forward Through the Ages. Jesse R. ited by H. P. Thompson. DIu. 128 Wilson. 189 pp~ $1.00. Judson Niger Ibos. G. T. Basden. Map. Il- pp. lB. 6d. S. P. G., London. Press, Philadelphia. Ius. 448 pp. 2lB. Seeley, Service, London. Buddhist Sects of Japan. E. Steinil- E,!aqelize or Fossilize. Herbert her-Oberlin and Kuni Matsuo. Lockyer. 92 pp. Bible Institute, Gambia: Country, People and Translated from the French. 308 Chicago. Church. John Laughton. DIus. 38 pp. 108.6d. Allen & Unwin, Lon- Seeing London With My Young pp. 6et. S. P. G., London. don. Friend&. C. A. Puncker. 144 pp. Drama of Madagascar, The. Sonia F. 28. Pickeding & Inglis, London. Howe. 359 pp. 158. Methuen, Christianity Explained to Muslims. L. Bevan Jones. 225 ])3). Rs 8. Roman Catholicism and F.reedom. London. Y. M. C. A. Publishing House, Cal- Cecil J. Cadoux. 207 pp. 58. In- cutta. dependent Press, London. Interpretative Statistical Survey of the World Mission of Christianity. An Open Letter to J ewa and Chris- Church Can Save the World, The. Edited by Joseph I. Parker. 331 tians. John Cournos. 188 pp. Samuel M. Shoemaker. 162 pp. pp. $5.00. International Mssion- $2.00. Oxford University Press, $1.60. Harper Bros., New York. ary Council, New York. New York.

Century of Mission Work in Basuto- Directory of World MiNions. Ed- Some ASl!ects of Religious Liberty land. V. Ellenbe}"ger. 882 pp. ited by Joeeph I. Parker. 382 pp. of Nationals in the Near East. Sesuto Book Dept., Morija, Basuto- $2.00. International Miseionary Compiled by Helen C. M. Davis. 182 land. – Council, New York. pp. ,3.00. Harper Bros., New York.

Children of the Rising Sun. Willard Sir, We Would See Jesus. D. T. Church and the Tribulation, The. Price. 816_ 3)p. $3.00. Reynal & Niles. 128 pp. 28. Student Chris- C. F. Hogg and W. E. Vine. 68 pp. Hitchcock, New York. tian Movement, London. 6d. Pickering & Inglis, London.

Send in Your Order Now for The October-Special India-Number of THE MISSIONARY ~'VlRID Some Leading Articles by Leading Authors with Maps, Chart., Illustrations INDIA AS A MISSION FIELD TODAY ……………… Alexander McLeish WHAT CHRIST HAS DONE FOR INDIA …………………… A Record THE UNTOUCHABLES AND THE GOSPEL ………… Bishop of Domakal • INDIAN RELIGIONS TODAY …………………….. Nicol Macnicol ATTITUDE OF INDIAN STUDENTS TOWARD CHRIST …….. A. Ralla Ram. OUTLOOK FOR CHRISTIANITY IN INDIA ………….. E. Stanley Jones.

INDIAN ASHRAMS AND SADHUS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Rev. Father Lash • HOME MISSIONS OF THE INDIAN CHURCH ………….. Thomas David CHRISTIAN VILLAGES IN INDIA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . J. Z. Hodge OUTSTANDING INDIAN CHRISTIANS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . P. D. Devanandham NOTABLE MISSIONARIES TO INDIA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C. E. Abraham INDIAN ATTITUDE TOWARD CHRIST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . E. N. Wells • Expected but not yet received.

ORDER COPIES FOR YOURSELF AND YOUR SOCIETY, BEFORE THE EDITION IS SOLD OUT 25 cents a copy $20.00 a hundred $2.50 a year THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD 156 Fifth Avenue, New York, N. Y. Third and Reily Sts., Harrisburg, Pa. DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Editor ROBERT E. SPEER, President

BY THE HARTFORD SEMINARY

Edilor.. SA..,.UEL M. ZWEMER, EDWIN E. CALVERLEY SOME ARTICLES IN THE JULY NUMBER Islam a Sevenfold Problem Samuel M. Zwemer "Some Libraries of _Cairo ,William M. Randall Islam in Sumatra Raymond L. Archer Allah Before Islam F. V. Winnett AI KUmai1: Companion of die Secret Dwi&ht M .. Donaldson 'The Moslem Antagonist Robert S. Darbishire Sins and Their Punishment in ISlam Francis T. Coo'lce Church and State in the Near East • Alfm-d Carleton A Theological Poem ' I. Lowrie Andenon Book Reviews-Current Topics ,f Survey of Periodicals Sue Molleson Foster _ ~ SUBSCRIBE NOW I( II[ '0 Cents a Copy. $2.00 a Year (postpaid) In combination with THE MOSLEM WORLD THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD 156 Fifth Avenue, New York City '3.50 a Year. (Foreign Postage, 50 Cents.) ',…

British Agents: MARSHALL, MORGAN It SCOTT, 12 Patemoster Buildings, London, E. C. Price in Great Britain, Eight S~gs a Year, net THE LIFE OF GEORGE BOWEN, OF BOMBAY By ROBERT E. SPEER 'Ibis is the biography of a very remarkable Christian missionary to India and for twenty years the inBuential and able editor of the Bombay Guardian. Dr. J. Sumner Stone"c;alled him, "The White Yogt..

When George Bowen died i~ 1888 there was call for a worthy biography but its preparation was delayed. Later all the biographical material-including his diaries, letters, reminiscences, and the books and pamphlets of which he was author-was turned over to Dr. Speer. This material has now been put into shape for publication and the result is a frank and stimulating picture of the man,-his experiences, unique character, forceful views and methods of work. Here is a life story that is of absorbing interest and will richly reward the thoughtful reader. The book is now ready for delivery.

CONTENTS I. Family of George Bowen. XI. ADecisive Year, 1849. II. Boyhood and Youth. XII. From 1850 to 1855. III. Three Years Abroad. XIII. Ten Years' of Independent Work. Life in New York, 1840-1844. XIV. The Bombay Guaraian. IV. Illumination of a Hopeless Love. XV. Relations with the American Board. V. Conversion to Christianity. XVI. Association with the Methodist Church. VI. At Union Theological Seminary. XVII. Bowen as a Writer. VII. XVIII; Correspondence with Henry W. Rankin. VIII. His Missionary Appointment. Cosing Testimony. IX. The Voyage to Incha, 1847. XIX. X. Beginning Missionary Work.

This latest work. by Dr. Speer may be ordered at $2.50 per copy from THE MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING COMPANY- 186 Fifth Avenue. New York

The Missionary Review of the World — April 1936

APRIL,1936

'THE Mass Movements in India 1. Waskom Pickett Recent Progress in Mexico G. Baez Camargo The Final Motive for Missions .s. H. Gapp Undergirding the Christian Home Clementina Butler The Emancipation of Indian Outcastes L. O.Hartman The Awakening of Egypt Anna P. White Congo Crosses 1ulia Lake Kellersberger 25 Cents a Copy $2.50 a Year April 29-May 5–National Conven- Annuities In Operation Over tion, Y. W. C. A., Colorado Springs. Colo. Seventy-five Years May 1—General Conference, Meth- The American Baptist Home Mission Society has heen odist Episcopal Church, Columbus, receiving girts on the annuity plan since 1861. In the more Ohio. than seventy-five years that the plan has been in operation, these gifts have amounted to over Three Million Dollars, May 6-20–General Conference, Afri- while in the same period the Society has paid over Two Million can Methodist Episcopal Zion Dollars and has used for its general work or added to its per- Church, Greensboro, N. C. manent funds over One Million Five Hundred Thousand Dol- lars released by the deaths of donors. In no instance during May 6-21-General Conference, Afri- three quarters of a century has the Society failed to make its can Methodist Episcopal Church, payment to Annuitants according to agreement. New York. Inquiries concerning ANNUITIES AND LEGACIES May 12-15-National Council of Fed- may be addressed to erated Church Women. Dayton, Ohio. Samuel Bryant, Treasurer May 20-24-Northern Baptist Con- vention. St. Louis, Mo.

May 24-29-Confel'ence of Soc i a 1 Work. Atlantic City, N. J.

May 27-General Assembly, United Presbyterian Church of North America. Pittsburg, Kansas.

May 28-General Assemhly, Presby- The American Baptist Home Mission Society terian Church in U. S.A. Syra- cuse, N. Y. 23 East 26th Street, New York City June 4-9-General Synod of the Rt·- formed Church in Am e l' i e a.

Rochester, N. Y.

June 10-17 — Ann u a I Conference, Personal Items by the number of qualified men and Church of the Brethren. Her;;h('~', ,vomen '''ho can be sent into the field. Pa. Gipsy (Rodney) Smith, this year. compll'tef' his 60th y{>ar as preacher- "There remains a wide field of pio- June 16-24-General Council of Con- enmgelist. He ha~ made 32 visits to neer work '''hieh for generations to gregational and Christian Chul'che~. America. Many people find it diffi- come must l'emain the responsibility Mt. HolyokP Colll'ge. South Hadlc>y. cult to believe that he is the same of the churches in the "'c;.:t." Mas,;. Gip><y of whom their fathers and mllthel's talked many year" ago, <;0 re- Charles H. Tuttle, former Federal June 23-28—Chl'ist.ianYouth Council markable is his vitality. In his mis- attorney. has been elected President of :-J ortb America. Lakeside, Ohio. sions, the Gipsy now concentrates on of the Greater New York Federation church members and officials, rather of Churches, to succeed Rev. Eugene June 27-July 4–Geneva Summer than on "outsiders." He says that he C. Carder, D.D. School fo1' Missions. Lake Geneya, haR come to see that the outsider will Wisconsin. never be influen(~ed until the insider * * *' is really "born a!,(uin." July 6-12–Twelfth 'orld's Sunday Rev. Lionel Fletcher, British evan· School Convention. Oslo, NOl'way. Rev. Wayne L. Hunter, first Prot- gelist, and Dr. F. W. Norwood, pas- estant prison chaplain appointed by tor of London City Temple, have been July 9-August 12 – Winona La k e the Federal Council of Churches. has asked by the Free Chureh Council to School of Theology. Winona Lake, been assigned to the United State-s In- give all their time to evangelism. Ind. dustrial Reformatory of Chillicothe. Ohio. '" '" >I< Dr. John H. Furbay, of the Pres- Dr. Alice Appenzeller, President of .byterian College in Emporia, Kansas, Ewha College, Seoul, the first Amer- has been appointed educational coun- ican child born in Korea, is the first woman to he decorated with the Blue selor to the Republic of Liberia, at the Ribbon Medal "for meritorious service request of the Lt'ague of Nations. in education." Miss Appenzeller's father was Rev. Henry G. Appen- 1936 STUDIES IN CHRISTIAN DOCTRINE Dr. Lewis B. Franklin, Vice-Presi- zeller, pioneer Methodist missionary.

Four Parts-52 Lessons. Part 1. The Bible-The dent and Treasu"er of the Episcopal * * *' God of the Bible. Part II, The Christ of the Bible National CounciL who made a busi- _ The Holy Spirit. Part III, Man-Sin and Redemp· ness trip to the Orient. reports that Mr. George C. Stebbins, ttlP fation. Part IV. The Church-Future Events. never before have the opportunities mous and much beloved singing evan- gelist, vas 90 years of age and still Send 15c in stamps for current issue for thl' pl'eachin.:; of the Christian in good health on February 26th. Gospel in the Ori'mt been gJ'(~ater than Mr. Stebbins was for many years as- HRISTIAN PUBLICATIONS. INC; today. The extf nt of the growth of sociated in Gospel evangelism with the Christian Church is limited only Dwight L. Moody, Ira D. Sankey, P. 1502 N. Third St., Harrisburg, Pa. P. Bliss and D. W. Whittle. He still writes music for Gospel hymns al- though he is almost totally deaf.

MISSIONARY USED IN OVER ONE MILLION CHRISTIAN

REVIEW OF THE WORLD HURLBUT'S STORY OF THE BIBLE DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Editor By.JESSE LYMAN HURLBUT. D.D. Recommended by all denominations for its freshness and accuracy. VOL. LIX APRIL, 1936 No.4 for its simplicity of language, for Its freedom from doctrinal discussion.

Publication and Business Office- THE BEST GIFT FOR YOUNG AND OLD Third and Reily Sts., Harrisburg, Pa. FOR TEACHERS-STUDENTS-FOR THE HOME AND SCHOOL Editorial and Executive Office– Ooe hundred and sixty-eightstories, each complete in itself. yetform- 156 Fifth Avenue, New York City. ing a conUnuous narrative of the Biblefrom Gene.i. to Revelation. Entered as second-class matter at Each oithe world-old stories is told by the noted author in a manner thatis vitally interesting and instructive to young and old alike. Post Office, Harrisburg, Pa., under Act of March 3, 1879. Biggest and Best Wnstrated Book Ever SOld for the PrIce Beautifully illustrated wit!> 281 pict",re~ in colors and in blaC:Jand 25 cents a copy-$2.50 a year. white; over 100 famous Lemweber pamtmgs. 759 pages. PrIce..$2.00 Foreign Postage, 50 cents a year. Published monthly, except August. At all boolutore. or from the publi.her. All rights reserved. Copyrighted 1935. British agents – Marshall, Morgan . .__ THE JOHN C. WINSTON CO., Winston Bldg., Philadelphia and Scott, 12 Paternoster Buildings, London, E. C. 1 shilling per copy, the missionary forces. God grant that ruary 20, 1936, at 3 P. M. Dr. Robert 10 shillings a year. in the coming half century it may go E. Speer presided and gave an ad- from strength to strength." dress. There were 287 stockholders MISSIONARY REVIEW PUB- and other friends present in person LISHING CO., INC. JOHN R. MOTT, LL.D., or by proxy. Chairman of the InternaUonal BOARD OF DIRECTORS The Minutes of the last annual ROBERT E. SPEER, President Missionary Council. meeting of February 15, 1935, were A. L. WARNSHUIS, Vice-President approved as published in THE REVIEW W ALTER McDOUGALL, Treasurer *** for March, 1935. DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Secretary "I would like to express my very The Treasurer, Mr. Walter Mc- SAMUEL MCCREA CAVERT great appreciation of the value of Dougall, presented his annual report THE REVIEW. In my judgment, it which has been audited by Mr. Daniel WILLIAM 1. CHAMBERLAIN never was more worthy of its name, Pattison and found correct. This re- D. J. F'ANT more needed or more deserving of port showed a deficit of $1,007.81, with support than today. Never was there contributions of $975 to the Main- MRS. ORRIN R. JUDD such need of clear and clean thinking tenance Fund for the past year. The WM. B. LIPPHARD in the light of Christian truth as president appointed Mr. A. Y. Meeker there is today when anarchy is run- and Dr. Hugh R. Monro as an audit- Emc M. NORTH ning wild and running red over: much ing committee to examine securities of the earth. THE REVIEW from the in the safe deposit box. SAMUEL M. ZWEMER very beginning has been one of the primary factors in keeping alive in The Secretary, Mr. Delavan L. Pier- Editorial Chat terms of facts and truths the world's son, gave a report of the year s)1ow- need of a living and divine Saviour." ing the progress made and outlined The Florida Chain of Missionary plans for the coming year. Assemblies brought together as usual DR. JOHN McDOWELL, a notable list of missionary speakers, Associate Secretary, Board of Mr. D. J. Fant, representative of including Americans and those of the Evangelical Press, stated that the other races. Their topics covered the National Missions, Presby- past year had been the most encourwork of many denominations, both at terian Church, U. S. A.' aging since they undertook the rehome and abroad. These addresses sponsibility for the manufacture and are always enthusiastically received *** promotion of the magazine. The by Rotary clubs and high school whole publication expense might be audiences, as well as at luncheons and ANNUAL MEETING OF solved through increased circulation mass meetings. "THE REVIEW" and larger advertising income.

We have arranged to print in THE The Missionary Review Publishing The Nominating Committee, Miss REVIEW the addresses by many of Company held its annual meeting at J. H. Righter and Mr. Arthur Y. these outstanding speakers. Papers 156 Fifth Avenue, New York, on Feb- Meeker, nominated directors for the by Mrs. Induk Pak, Prof. Baez Cam- coming year, and the following were argo and Dr. Frank Laubach have THAT TEACH unanimously elected: already appeared. Others by M'rs. Kellersberger and Mrs. John P. White THE· BIBLE Robert E. Speer, William I. Chamare printed in this number of THE Used in thousands of Sunday berlain, Walter McDougall, D. L. REVIEW. Others are promised for Schools where the leadersbelieve Pierson, Samuel McCrea Cavert, Mrs. later issues. Watch for them and in the inspirationofGod's Word. Orrin R. Judd, William B. Lipphard, pass the word along. Eric M. North, A. L. Warnshuis, FREE PROSPECTUS Samuel M. Zwemer, D. J. Fant. *** of department in which you are inter- Brief remarks were made by the At the annual meeting of THE RE- ested mailed on request. Desk MR-4. Rev. J. S. Stowell, of Philadelphia, VIEW, a report of which is printed and by Dr. John McDowell, of New here, many encouraging messages York. were received, by voice and letter, showing the high esteem in which the The meeting was closed with prayer REVIEW is held by many. Here are a by the Rev. Mr. Martin, formerly a few extracts from recent letters. missionary in India. Will you pass the word along? Respectfully submitted, *** DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Secretary. "For fifty years I have been a constant reader of THE MISSIONARY RE- *** VIEW OF THE WORLD, that is from 1886, the year of the memorable At a subsequent meeting of the Mount Hermon Conference. In my Board of Directors (March 9th), Dr. judgment no other periodical during Robert E. Speer was reelected Presithat half century can be bracketed dent; Dr. A. L. Warnshuis, Vicewith this one in comprehensiveness of President; Mr. Walter McDougall, view, in consistent emphasis on the Treasurer, and Delavan L. Pierson, pronouncedly evangelistic purpose of Secretary. Christian missions, and in influence in the direction of drawing together [161 ]

A GROUP OF CONGO BURDEN

MATERIAL E'VIDENCES OF IDOLATRY AND FETISHISM IN CENTRAL AFRICA SIDE LIGHTS ON SOME CONGO CROSSES (See page 173)

NARY

REVIB ORLD VOLUME LIX AN INTERDENOMINATIONAL REVIEW OF WORLD-WIDE CHRISTIAN PROGRESS NUMBER 4 APRIL, 1936 Topics of the Times CRISIS AMONG THE OUTCASTES OF INDIA While Dr. Ambedkar is apparently not a man of strong religious convictions, and thinks mainly in The congress of representatives. of Depressed terms of political, social and economic betterment, Classes (Outcastes) in India, to consider a move- he has showed himself alive to the meaning of the ment away from Hinduism, was postponed from Christian faith and is mindful of what Christ has February to Easter, so that no definite action has done for his people. He has shown appreciation as yet been taken. Some months ago Dr. Ambed- of the difficulties that may arise if a large body of kar, an outstanding leader of the Depressed Outcastes accept the Christian faith without ade- Classes, who represented them at the Round Table quate preparation. He has suggested that some Conference in London, publicly renounced Hindu- key men among his followers should receive trainism in the presence of 10,000 of his people of the ing in order that they may teach others. Mahar community. He urged them to do the same and his action was unanimously ratified by The one thing that will impress the Depressed the conference. His reason for this step is that Class leaders is evidence of the power of Christ the Hindu religious system, by virtue of its many in the present Christian community. The great inhibitions, had completely failed to satisfy the need of all men is· the "abundant life" that comes aspirations of his people. They must, therefore, from God through Christ. The Church in India seek a new religion that will give them an oppor- must put her own house in order and must present tunity to worship and to advance. Dr. Ambedkar Christianity in terms of new life and a liberating said: fellowship.

The Depressed Classes have been unsuccessful in their It is evident that Dr. Ambedkar's action has efforts to bring about a change of heart among caste sent a thrill through the Depressed Classes as a Hindus and it is futile to waste energies and money in whole, who number roughly sixty or seventy milfurther trying to get redress and to work in harmonious lions and there are already indications of a growcooperation. I have come to the conclusion that the best ing resolve to follow his lead. When a repre- sentative conference of the Depressed Classes is way is complete severance from the Hindu fold. Because we have the misfortune to call ourselves Hindus, we are held in Lucknow at Easter time it is expected treated thus. If we were members of another faith none that important action will be taken. There seems would dare treat us so. I had the misfortune of being to be no doubt that there will be a great renunciaborn a Hindu with the stigma of an "untouchable." It is tion of Hinduism, whatever the next step may be.

not my fault, but I will not die a Hindu.

Reformed Hindus,· Moslems, Buddhists and An outstanding Indian Christian leader may be Sikhs at once openly invited Ambedkar and his appointed to attend the Lucknow Conference for people to join them, holding out promises of sub- the purpose of stating the Christian position, but stantial support. The Christian Church, whose without any desire to offer any wholesale recep- ranks have been largely recruited from these tion to the revolting Depressed Classes.

Depressed Classes, has rightly refrained from Christians in America, England and elsewhere entering into competition with other faiths for are earnestly asked to pray for the guidance of an influx of these people. After much thought the Holy Spirit in this crisis. These people must and prayer, various conferences have been held be taught first of all what the Christian Gospel between Christian leaders and Dr. Ambedkar really is, what are the terms of admission to the which have paved the way for further action. Christian fold~ and what l;I.re the thinJ{s that iIlc- ( 163~

sure and accompany salvation through Christ. a Christian, on the contrary real persecution. Suitable literature is being prepared to provide What have the twenty thousand of caste Hindus simple instructions for pastors and teachers. The in the Nizam's Dominions (Hyderabad, Deccan) Ambedkar situation should be related intimately had to gain by accepting Christ? Over against to the Forward Movement in Evangelism which Gandhi's dogmatic assertion is to be placed a is now being promoted in India. statement written by the Rev. Charles W. Posnett explaining why those twenty thousand began to Mahatma Gandhi has pronounced Dr. Ambed- come to Jesus Christ. Dr. Azariah, the Bishop of kar's speech as "unbelievable" and adds: "A Dornakal, and others tell the same story of the change of faith will not serve the cause the un- work among the outcaste people in Dornakal diotouchables have at heart." Millions of Indian cese being so successful that the caste people, who Christians testify to the contrary, for their whole of their own accord have been coming into the outlook on life and their characters have been Christian fold, say: "Weare astounded at the transformed through their acceptance of Christ. intellectual, social and spiritual miracles per- formed in these outcastes since they have accepted In agitation resulting from Dr. Ambedkar's Christ as their Saviour." In view of the facts of speech and Gandhi's comment, the word "con- Christian heroism, Gandhi should cease making version" has sometimes been used as if it meant a such aspersions on his fellow-countrymen. Mr. mere change of fellowship. Every Christian Posnett writes: should help to restore this word to its only correct meaning of a "change of heart"-a change of For twenty-five years the Christian harvest in Hyderarelationship to God and a new life from Him. As bad State was entirely among Untouchables; but grad- Jesus said: "Except ye be converted and become ually the young people who had been through our schools as little children ye cannot enter into the Kingdom had gone back to their villages, and by their lives and of God." Without such an inward change, character compelled the respect of those chiefs who had wrought by the Spirit of God, no change of out- always trodden them underfoot as slaves. At last a depuward circumstance will satisfy. "Except a man tation of caste people came to me to ask for a young be born again he cannot see the Kingdom of God." teacher. They said, "We know he is an Untouchable, but he is pure as gold, and he has become our friend; we GANDHI AND INDIAN CHRISTIANITY* want him to come to teach us." This was only the begin- ning. That year, six hundred caste Hindus from all over In the Indian Christian Messenger, Allahabad, the country came to Medak, and Jor three days they the Rev. A. RaIla Ram, Joint Secretary of the listened and learned, and asked questions. Before they Student Movement of India, gives an interesting left they asked for baptism, but our watchword in Hyderaaccount of an interview with Gandhi. In the con- bad has always been "Thorough." We will baptize no one versation, Mr. RaIla Ram said to Gandhi: "Vari- unless we are sure they are prepared to stick to their new ous reports regarding your attitude to conversion Master, whatever befalls, and so we put them off for six have reached me. Could I hear from you first- months. When they got home, they had to go through the hand as to what exactly is your position?" Gand- furnace. Their land was stolen, their water supply cut hi's reply was: off; they were dragged to the courts on false charges; there was one continued, ceaseless effort to make them cry I must frankly say that today communalism is using out for peace at any cost. The devil seemed to have conversion to gain its ends. Various communities are out entered into the hearts of their enemies, who were deterto gain more numbers. Arya Somajists, many Moham- mined to do everything to stop the rising tide. Yet it was medan propagandists and Christian missionaries have of no avail. given me ample proof of this conviction of mine. Preaching pure and simple I cannot possibly oppose. I am a The Rev. A. RaIla Ram's last question was as to preacher myself. But religion is such a sacred matter what message Gandhi had for the Christian comthat, when it is preached, the motives should be unsullied munity in India, to which Gandhi replied: "Tell and pure. Besides, religious preaching should in the first them to let their love of Christ and love of the instance be practiced and lived, and unless word is backed land go hand in hand. You don't need one only, by life I am suspicious of it. I could prove it to you that or the other only, but both at the same time. Your a great deal of Christian medical and educational work is community has various advantages over other not for its own sake but with a view to add people to the communities; let it therefore all the more serve Christian community. . . . If a person wanted to be out the country." and out a follower of Christ and was at the same time devoted to his country and all the good in it, I would be the UNREST IN ITALY last one to oppose his <;onversion. But I maintain that such conversions are rare. The newspaper dispatches from Italy report only what Premier Mussolini and his censors per- Gandhi's last sentence (italicized) is much too mit the public to see in print. From these pubsweeping in face of present-day facts. Take one lished dispatches one might think that all Italians area only, and that a State of non-British India are united and contented under Fascism. This is where there is nothing to be gained by becoming far from true according to such intelligent, well- informed observers, as Professor Paul H. Douglas • Condensed editorial from Dnyanodaya, Poona, India.

TOPICS OF THE TIM,ES

of the University of Chicago, who recently spent has established, based on force, selfishness, fear some months in Italy. There is no doubt that "II and unrighteous aggression, cannot long prevail. Duce" has "put Italy on the map," has strength- Such regimes failed to produce strong abiding ened the government in temporal affairs, has nations under Alexander of Macedonia, Napoleon made many material improvements in the country of France, the Czars of Russia and Wilhelm of and has given Italians great confidence in their Prussia. Absolute dictatorship in human hands own strength. But there are many discontented does not create friends or rest on foundations of critics and some ominous rumblings beneath the righteousness, fear of God, and love for man. The surface; these show that fear holds sway in Italy, Kingdom of God-which is the only abiding King~ rather than love and loyalty. One purpose of the dom-is based on the dominance of Christ, who Ethiopian war was, no doubt, to divert the atten- is the expression of the sacrificial love of God. tion of Italians from the domestic situation and This Kingdom is manifested by "righteousness, to put before them an ambitious plan of foreign peace and joy in the Holy Spirit." conquest, promising large benefits to the nation. But the masses in Italy are not eager for war- STUDENT EVANGELISM IN CHOSEN which to them means hard military service with sickness, danger and death in a foreign land, The way most students spend their Christmas while at home it means privation and sorrow with vacation in America-skating, dancing, theater, unwelcome military restrictions. Apparent en- parties, sleeping and visiting-is in sharp conthusiasm for Mussolini and his program is stirred trast to the way some of the Chosen Christian up in public by artificial means; it is not spon- College students in Seoul spend theirs. Urgent taneous; but the people are afraid to express their pleas for help from about twenty churches were real thoughts or even to mention the name of the laid before the officers of the College Y. M. C. A. dictator lest they be arrested. "Send us young men who can tell the young people of our town of Christ," they said. "Send someone The Protestant Christians of Italy do not ap- who can sing as well as preach." From various prove the militaristic, materialistic, dictatorial places, couched in various terms, came the invitapolicy of the government; its disregard for rights tions, but burdened with the same need for help. of individuals and of weaker nations is anti-Christian. The Roman Catholic Church is merely ob- Maps were studied and the all too scanty budget serving an armed' truce, with the Pope ruling a item labeled "Student Preaching." "It was finalkingdom within a kingdom and disapproving ly decided," writes Dr. H. H. Underwood, Presimany of Mussolini's policies. dent of the college, "to make special effort in be- half of a little church close at hand where the col- One cause of the unrest in Italy, as elsewhere, lege students had carried on work all fall. Here is great economic suffering. While millions of was an opportunity which might yield much fruit lire are being spent on airplanes, battleships, mu- and which could not be abandoned for more thrillnitions and aggressive militarism, the average ing calls from far-away places. employed worker receives only $5.50 a week for himself and his family; meanwhile food prices "Four little struggling groups of Christians, are from two to five times the scale of prices for two in the south and two in the north, were also sethe same articles in other countries of Europe. lected for work during the Christmas vacation. At least one seventh of the Italian wage workers Two teams, with three boys in each team this are unemployed. Young men are inclined to be time, one a musician, were chosen to give four or aggressively militaristic but those past thirty, five days to each group. One of the finest violinwith family and business responsibilities, desire ists in Korea (a junior in the arts course), consepeace, liberty and a voice in the government. crated his violin to spreading the Gospel music Thinking classes do not relish the fact that an and message. indiscreet remark may result in five years imprisonment; nor do they see justice in the fact "When these teams came back for the opening that there is no appeal from the decisions of the of college in January each boy had a lot to tell. military authorities and the dictatorial courts. Cold, misunderstanding, persecution and heck- The Italian newspapers are all under Mussolini's ling; welcomes, conversions, joy of service, joy control, while posters, pamphlets and every de- of giving. The total attendance at these meetings vice of propaganda are used to bolster Fascism. was almost 7,000. About 200 young men met them But people are weary of being told that "II Duce" in earnest inquiry and joined in the study of the is infallible and divinely inspired; few believe life of Christ and the meaning of the message. that he is invincible. Premier Mussolini does not Between 700 and 1,000 little children were taught encourage the study of history for history teaches to know His Name, to sing His praise, and to say that the government, such as Premier Mussolini 'Our Father,' with a new meaning. Daybreak prayer meetings, morning classes with young peo-

pIe, afternoon Bible story hour for children, and Dr. Speer, in his address, called attention to five evening preaching service made the days full- main reasons for cooperative Christian evangelism seventy-eight such days of service in all. At the in the Southern republics. port of Yohsoo the building would not hold the crowds and twice they moved to larger quarters. (1) Admiration for the excellent qualities At one place the eyes of the Christians were found in Latin Americans and love for the people opened to their responsibility to give non-Chris- as we come to know them. tians a new conception of what real Christianity should mean. (2) The real need for Evangelical work as a protest against the errors and weaknesses of Ro- "We cannot estimate spiritual values in money man Catholicism as seen in Latin America. The terms, but, for purposes of comparison, it is in- very presence of Protestant workers is a stimulus teresting to note that these students-at a total to higher standards of doctrine and life. cost of $27.00-were able to reach 6,600 people; there were over fifty conversions; five churches (3) As a witness to pure New Testament were served, four to eight days, at $5.40 each; standards of faith and practice under the guidseventy-eight days of service at a cost of less ance and power of the Holy Spirit. than $.35 per day! More precious things were expended-much love, much faith, much enthusi- (4) To bring into Latin American life the inasm for the Master, and many other precious fluence of strong Christian personalities such as gifts. The results only God knows." have given their lives to Latin America in mis- sionary service; and to give to North Americans Did Christmas vacation mean as much to us in the benefit of contact with such great Christian America? Did it mean as much to others of God's personalities as Erasmo Braga of Brazil. children, and to Christ, as the vacation meant to these Korean college students? (5) But the dominant and essential purpose of Protestant work is to make Christ known to the COOPERATION IN LATIN AMERICA people of those lands – not merely the infant Christ of the manger, or the child in his mother's One hundred years ago the first permanent arms, or the dead Christ upon the Cross, but the Protestant mission was established in· South Christ who is the eternal Son of God, the cruci- America by the Methodist Episcopal Church. fied, risen and glorified Christ, who is the living Twenty years ago, in February, 1916, the first general missionary conference of Evangelical Saviour. Missions to Latin America was held in Panama. South America has been called a continent As a result the Committee on Cooperation in Latin America was formed. Its object was to within a continent. Not much more than the outbring together for united planning and effort the ward fringe is touched by Evangelical Christian- Evangelical forces engaged in promoting the Gos- ity-vast areas of the interior are still unreached. pel of Christ in those other American republics. Here is the call to advance. The doors are open Dr. Robert E. Speer presided at the Panama Con- wide and there is complete religious liberty in all gress and was elected cha;irman of the committee but three of the Latin American republics. The -a position in which he has served for the past response to the Gospel is encouraging, especially twenty years. At the same time, Dr. S. G. Inman in Brazil where success has been greater than in was elected general secretary and has probably all the other republics. Here is a call of God to done more than any other one man to promote advance and we are under obligation to enter North American interest in the peoples south of these doors while they are open and to strengthen the Rio Grande and to strengthen sympathetic the ties that bind us together in Christ. cooperation between the northern and southern republics. Evangelical mission work has not been Dr. George P. Howard, of Chile, who is known easy because of racial, religious, political and eco- as "the evangelist to the unchurched intelligentzia nomic differences. Real progress has been made, of Latin America," reported on the remarkable as the interest in the mission study topic of the responsiveness of the students, professors, mempresent year clearly indicates. bers of Rotary clubs and other thinking people to the message of the Gospel. They will not go to At a twentieth anniversary meeting of the Com- church but they will come in crowds to halls and mittee on Cooperation, held in New York on theaters to listen to Evangelical Christian ad:- March 5th, over two hundred attended the dinner dresses on moral and religious topics. In one year to honor Dr. Speer, who was presented with a Dr. Howard was privileged to speak on these gift of over $2,000 to be used as he may designate themes to 28,000 of the educated classes, the mato promote Evangelical work in Latin America. jority of whom are entirely out of touch with the churches. The radio is also offering wonderful opportunities to reach men and women in their homes. Thousands are becoming intelligently in- terested in personal religion and hundreds are enrolling in Bible classes.

Mass Movements in India~'

By BISHOP J. WASKOM PICKETT, D.D.

Author of "Christian Mass Movements in India"

MASS movements have long characterized another of these mass movements. Some records Indian mission work, but failure to deal contained as many as 350 entries . . . with them properly has often led to their The spiritual validity of mass movements was extinction. During the last thirty years they have abundantly proved by the data assembled, and the been the main feature of successful district work. conclusion was reached that for vast numbers of Over ninety per cent of the members of the Indian India's people mass movements offer the most Church have beEm won from the outcaste and natural way of approach to Christ. Weaknesses primitive peoples, amongst whom these mass were discovered and reasons for some of them movements hav~ taken place. They are commu- were clearly revealed. Neglect of personal reli- nal rather than mass movements. The practical gion, the bringing into the church of caste bar- lessons which our recent study reveals mark a riers, and the arrest or retardation of growth definite step forward in the missionary approach after being recognized as Christians, appear to be to the evangelization of India. the chief dangers attending mass movements, and When the project to study the mass movements everyone of these has been overcome in one or in India was proposed by the National Christian more of the areas studied. Of the causes of weak- Council in January, 1929, it was known that these ness in the churches that have grown out of mass movements had brought millions of India's people movements, the following are prominent: to a profession of Christian faith and discipleship, 1. Underestimation by missions of their responsibilities.

but there were, in the ranks of Christian mission- 2. Inadequate adaptation of methods of work to the pe- aries and Indian Church leaders, sharp differ- culiar needs of these communities. 3. Low standards of expectation and inefficient adminences of opinion about the measure of their istration. achievement, their value, their possibilities and even their spiritual validity. While many re- If the work of missions aiding these movements spected leaders of the churches were encouraging were everywhere brought up to the standards of mass movements, others equally respected were the best, and the lessons learned were applied to discouraging them in their own areas and depre- the work in every area, very great improvements would be made and the achievements through cating their growth elsewhere.

Objections were based chiefly on the depressed mass movements would be vastly increased . . . social, economic and moral state of the groups A number of missionaries and Indian Church participating in the movements, the supposedly poor material these groups constitute for building leaders have accepted the findings in the report the Indian Church, the obstacles which their con- as a sufficient explanation of their lack of success version was believed to put in the way of winning and have begun to work on new lines with early the higher castes to Christ, and the belief that promise of good results. One missionary, after the religious needs of the individual are obscured learning of what God had done through mass and his development as a Christian retarded by movements in different parts of India, prayerhis inclusion in a "mass movement." These ob- fully considered what class of people in his disj ections represented a conflict of experience as trict were most likely to respond in large numbers well as of opinion . . . to an invitation to come to Christ, and he went to them at once with a new definiteness and faith. The study of these mass movements was in- Almost immediately he discovered such responsaugurated in July, 1929. Representative areas iveness as he had not met with before in the whole were selected and intensively studied with the aid of his ministry. Within three months of his first of a carefully selected staff. Economists, sociol- approach to these people, a large group of them ogists, psychologists and church administrators was asking for admission to the church on prowere included among the investigators. Records fession of faith, and telling their relatives and were made about more than 4,000 households of fellow caste men of their new joy in Christ. A people who had come to Christian faith in one or movement of ~uch promise has begun, and five village groups, totalling more than 400 people, * Condensed from Wo..ld Dominiun, January, 1936. have been baptized.

[167 ]

Another missionary, who had been afraid to bile so that they can be employed where there is the best accept a large group of aborigines because he did. prospect of achieving results. not understand the operation of group action in religion, found in the report of what had been 4. That. converts should be urged to win their relatives achieved through mass movements of the same and those with whom they have been associated in caste tribe in another district the encouragement and or tribe, and that the resources of missions should be used to reinforce their witness to Christ; in other words, that evangelism shou;d be directed along natural social lines.

understanding he needed. He therefore received Evangelists have often been employed in one them, with the result that they have made an district, trying in vain to persuade people to hear excellent beginning in the Christian life and he the Gospel, while in an adjoining district people feels that the hopes and purposes with which he have been asking in vain for instruction. Recame to India are being realized. sponsibility for this has not been due to denom- inationalism alone, for it has often happened Yet another missionary had refused to allow a within the same mission. Because missions have group of sweepers to come into the church because developed property in certain places, evangelists he feared that their admission would keep out have been kept there when the people of that higher caste people whom he was eager to win. vicinity were unresponsive to the message and Through the report he was led to see the wrong people of neighboring territory were clamoring that he was doing and at once changed his atti- for it. Many Mid-India missionaries now see the tude toward the sweepers, with the result that al- need of mobility of evangelistic forces so clearly most one hundred of them have been converted that they are offering to send help from their and he is having happy fellowship with them.

These responses of individual Christian work- areas into the regions where movements are de- ers to new light, however, mean less than certain veloping, even though that means the disregard- developments affecting entire missions and groups ing of mission boundaries and the sacrifice of of missions. When the report of the study was denominational interests for the good of the larg- presented to the Mid-India Christian Council, one er church.

question seemed to take hold of the minds of all The tendency has often been to try to protect present, namely, why have similar results not been the convert from influences that are regarded as achieved in Mid-India? Few areas in India have a menace, by separating him from his relatives been so well provided with missionaries and other and all old associates. Many of the greatest in- agents of missionary work as has this area. The gatherings of the church in India have been population in Mid-India also includes an unusual- brought about by the refusal of new converts to ly large proportion of the sort of people who have accede to the demands made upon them to come been won to Christ through mass movements, yet out from among their people in a social sense.

the area has been among the least fruitful. Mis- They have insisted on going among their people sion work has been directed very largely to insti- to tell the glad tidings, and, instead of suffering tutions and rural evangelism has grown less and from the influence of their non-Christian environ- less fruitful. ment, they have won their fellows to Christ. Spir- Considering these facts, the council appointed a itual life does not seem to thrive when it is "pro- Mass Movement Committee with instructions to tected" by isolation, but when it is promoted by study the records and opportunities in the area witness-bearing.

and see what could be done to effect a radical Now we come to a brief report of the chief supchange. This committee has arranged for a two- plementary study of this period, namely, that of months' study of six sections of its territory, the unprecedented revival developing in the Telu- where it believes signs of potential mass move- gu field. Here we are concerned with mass movements exist, planned a redistribution of forces to ments in no fewer than forty-five different castes take better advantage of the openings which God and tribes, all following upon highly successful has made for evangelistic advance, andreached a movements in two depressed castes.* We have number of definite convictions concerning the interviewed almost a thousand converts of the program which God would have the church and middle and higher castes in this area, and their missions in Mid-India to follow. testimony indicates clearly that they have been Among these convictions are the following: profoundJy influenced by the transformation in 1. That cooperation in evangelism is an urgent need. the character and the enrichment in the personal- 2. That the resources with which God has entrusted the ity of the Christian converts from the depressed churches and missions are for the building of the Church classes in their own and near-by villages. The as a whole and should be used regardless of separate de- centers of the revival among the caste people are nominational considerations.

3. That the occupation of territory is of secondary im- • The results of this study will be recorded in a oook to be pubportance and that evangelistic forces should be kept mo- lished early in 1936, the title of which may be Christ's Way to In- dia's Heart.

CHRISTIAN MASS MOVEMENTS IN INDIA

the places in which the most thoroughgoing grain from wild animals, when he became hungry changes have been wrought in the character, out- and ordered the servant to steal some fruit from look and mode of living of the earlier converts. a neighbor's garden. The servant boy refused, "What influenced you to become a Christian?" saying that he would not steal even when ordered we asked a middle-aged physician who had been to do so. The Brahman threatened, then en- baptized a few weeks earlier. treated, but the lad persisted in refusing to steal.

"I was first led to investigate Christianity by Then he remembered that this boy's caste-fellows meeting an Indian minister on a cross-country had been notorious thieves until they were con- journey in a motor lorry," he replied. "We talked verted to Christianity several years before, and for two hours and I was surprised at his rich cul- began to wonder how this had been brought about.

ture and charm. I asked him about his caste be- Within a few weeks he began to attend church in fore becoming a Christian and was amazed when the outcaste quarter of his village and when his he told me that he came from one of the lowest caste-fellows protested he contrasted their false castes in the country. That puzzled me and I said claims in religion with the reality he found among that I would try to find out the secret of how a the Christians, and sought and found that reality despised outcaste could be remade into such a man for himself.

as this minister. I bought a Bible and read the These are typical of scores of experiences that Gospels of Mark and John, the Acts of the Apos- were told to us during this part of the study.

tles and several of the Epistles of Paul, and felt These conversions are bringing to the church that I understood the secret. Then I began to in- many new problems. When high-caste, egotistical vestigate the Christian converts in my own vil- employers join the church of their long-despised lage and found that the same transforming proc- servants, problems of relationship inevitably ess was going on in them. This led to my con- arise. The masters have to resist a strong natural version and I am hoping that all my relatives and disposition to assert their control of the church; friends will be converted. None of them can af- the servants to resist a no less strong disposition ford to get on without this power of Christ in to take advantage of their opportunity to rule in their lives." the one sphere where they meet their masters on A young Brahman told us that he was converted equal or better terms. In these conditions it is through the influence brought to bear on him by not surprising to discover a tendency on the part a servant from one of the outcaste communities of high-caste converts to seek baptism as a sign of his village. This servant was with him in his of their recognition as Christians, but to refrain father's field at night, protecting the ripening from any active association with the church. The study was undertaken chiefly for the purpose of discovering MASS MOVEMENT AREAS how the numerous problems (shaded) are being handled and with -In- what results. It is hoped other IKDlA '" BURMA lessons will be .learned which nln will result in greatly improved work.

By Courtesy of World Dominion, London For Whom Did Christ Die?

Twelve shipwrecked men were la- boring in heavy seas in an over- loaded boat, when one of the seamen, in order to lighten the boat, deliber- ately sprang overboard. The rest were saved.

For which of the eleven did the sailor give His life?

If Christ died for all, He died for each; for no one more than another, and no one omitted. The sun shines for nineteen hundred millions of mankind; but I know that it shines for me, and would tomorrow morn- ing if not another soul survived on the globe. So Christ loved me and gave Himself for 1ne.-ATthur T. PieTson.

Emancipator of Indian Outcastes*

By 1. o. HARTMAN, Boston, Mass. Jit– Editor of Zion's Herald I N FAR-AWAY India there has arisen a leader At a conference in Nasik last October, Ambed- whose ancestral background, like that of kar threw what The Times of Lucknow called his Abraham Lincoln, is summed up in the phrase "bomb-shell." "We shall cease our fight for equal- "the short and simple annals of the poor." He ity where we are denied it," he declared in an im- bids fair to become the emancipator of sixty mil- passioned address before ten thousand Harijans lions of miserable outcastes. Bhimaro R. Ambed- at the Bombay Presidency Depressed Classes'

kar is principal of the Government Law College Conference.

of Bombay and leader of a movement that is shak- Everywhere in India the movement is spreading the Indian Empire from the Himalayas to ing like wildfire. Following the conference, eight Cape Comorin; from the Indus to the Bay of hundred young men of the depressed classes per- Bengal. formed the obsequies of Hinduism at Nasik by This strange man, to whom the masses of India burning "Manusmriti" and other sacred Hindu are now rallying with pathetic hopefulness, was books which uphold untouchability. At Lucknow born of outcaste parents, apparently doomed to a another group sought to organize a band of vollife of hideous Hindu slavery. But he broke unteers to force temple entry, which from time through the iron bars of caste and finally was immemorial has been denied the Harijans. At graduated from college with honors. He attracted Barabanki twenty-eight thousand outcastes asthe attention of the Gaekwar of Baroda, India's sembled and, after hearing speakers, urged supmost progressive native prince, who gave young port of Dr. Ambedkar and called for an "All- Ambedkar a generous scholarship that made pos- Indian Harijan Conference." sible years of study in Great Britain, the United States, and Germany. From Columbia Univer- Great processions of outcastes from many sity the future barrister received the degrees of towns and villages marched on foot to a great master of arts and doctor of philosophy; from rally held at Egmore on November 24th. One the University of London the doctorate in science, speaker told of the wide-spread denial of educaand from the University of Bonn another doctor- tional opportunity to the outcastes. ate in philosophy. He visited the Pope and talked to him of the misery of the outcastes and of the Millions of multicolored leaflets have been isinjustice practised against members of the de- sued bearing Dr. Ambedkar'.s message to the outpressed classes in the Roman Catholic Church of castes, tracing the history of his people and their South India. struggle during the last six years "to obtain bare rights and recognition by caste Hindus as human Upon his arrival home Ambedkar experienced beings." But in spite of their efforts the outcastes again the far-reaching and sinister power of have been treated more inhumanly than before. Brahmanism. He could not rent a house in which They have therefore become hardened and have to live; he could not secure even an office room; decided "after mature deliberation and in a calm he was still an .outcaste; with all his education atmosphere to abjure Hindu religion for some he was only an "untouchable." After a struggle other religion which can give them equal treathe decided to go up or down with his people. To- ment, status, and clean living inside the faith." day the great struggle is on, one of the greatest struggles in human history, with sixty million Astounded at the mass uprising of Harijans, five progressive Hindu leaders recently held a low-caste slaves fighting for justice and freedom conference with Dr. Ambedkar and outlined. cerunder the leadership of one of their own number. tain reforms, including the abolition of untouch- Dr. Ambedkar has become the acknowledged lead- ability. The committee tried in vain to persuade er of the "Depressed Classes" and was their rep- the outcaste leader to retract his public statement resentative at the famous Round Table Confer- that he had definitely "decided to renounce Hindu- ism." ence in London.

The Mohammedans, seeing in the great revolt r • Condensed from an article in Zion'8 Herald, Boston, Mass.Dr.a Moslem opportunity, are making flattering of- Hartman has recently returned from Indla.-EDlTOR. 170] fers to the Harijans, and are hoping to captur~ have no scruples about taking it from their Mosthese millions for the Prophet. On January 6th, lem fellow workers. at Calcutta, there was held a great Khilafat Conference of Moslems. The president, the Nawab Dr. Ambedkar pointed out the inherent moral of Deccan, outlined a "fifty-year plan" to be car- and spiritual qualities of the Harijans. "How ried forward under an organization to be known amazing it is," he said, "that, notwithstanding as the Moslem Mission for the Emancipation of the injustices and cruelties they have suffered, the Depressed· Classes, and called for 100,000 they still keep a certain simple dignity and nobilmembers and a fund of 1,000,000 rupees. He also ity of soul, a kindly courtesy, and an undying urged the recruiting of 1000 Moslem evangelists, hope !" They will "make good" if given a chance. each of whom would pledge himself to give twenty years of his life to work among the outcastes. At present Mahatma Gandhi is defending the caste system in order to hold Hinduism together. Dr. Ambedkar is friendly toward Christianity Dr. Ambedkar said" "If Gandhi thinks from the and is familiar with Christ's teaching, though he standpoint of strategy the time is not yet ripe for is noncommittal regarding the future relation- a clear-cut pronouncement on this question, but ship of himself and his group to the church. In is really on the side of the depressed millions, New York and in London he sat under the preach- I can keep my respect for him, but if he is playing ing of some of that city's most distinguished min- politics I am through with him." isters. Recently he has conferred with Bishop J. W. Pickett and is deeply interested in the On the constructive side the outcaste leader bishop's book "Christian Mass Movements in In- sees clearly the economic issue. He declared: dia." He has also come into personal contact "We must develop cooperative banks among the with the Bishop of Dornakal, with Dr. Stanley outcastes, give them opportunity to save and to J ones and several other missionaries. acquire property. . .. The Harijans must be given a chance to own land, for only so can they The outcastes have apparently definitely decid- overcome the slave mentality that has been develed that they are forever through with Hinduism. oped through long centuries. I want the outcaste Some may accept the proffered compromises of to stand up and achieve all the dignity of a the Brahmans, but the great majority will prob- man . . . Education is essential." ably become either Moslems or Christians. Dr. Ambedkar, who is at heart a deeply spir- When in India I visited Dr. Ambedkar's home itual man, said that outcastes must be offered at Dadar, a suburb of Bombay. His study, in- more than simply individualistic "spirituality," cluding the balcony on three sides, is filled with important as that is. "Any religion that is to volumes arranged in stacks after the manner of command the respect of the outcastes and help a public library. Now in the vigor of early man- them to the more abundant life must also deal hood, this leader of the Harijans is a forceful with the application of Christ's teachings to the personality, rather quick in his movements and problems that they have to face. . . How can the with the keen eye that goes with penetrative in- Harijans develop strong characters and become telligence. He gives the impression of cautious useful men and women in the midst of a degradcourage. As soon as we were seated Dr. Ambed- ing and debasing environment?" kar took the initiative and the interview began. He dealt first of all with the evils of Hinduism and Dr. Ambedkar realizes that at bottom the whole traced the history of Brahman cruelty and in- problem is religious, and he knows that he is fightjustice to the outcastes. ing hoary traditions that have been entrenched not for hundreds but for thousands of years. Now He feels that the religious leaders of other he sees that the outcastes are "through for ever countries, in their effort to be tolerant of all re- with Hinduism. Weare going somewhere, but ligions, have been too lenient with Hinduism. He are not ready yet to say in what direction." If declares that the older missionaries were nearer they compromise with the Hindus, all is lost; if right in their estimates of the faith than are the they choose Mohammedanism, the Hindus will younger leaders who attempt to find "much good" crush them; if they accept Christianity, both the in it. He spoke of the cotton mills of Bombay Hindus and the Moslems will be on their back. where outcastes are employed as spinners at 27 rupees (about $9) a month but can never become Since the time when Moses led the Children of weavers at 100 rupees a month ($33) since in Israel out of the bondage of Egypt history has this department a bamboo tube is used to suck kept repeating itself. In the Reformation, in the in the broken ends of thread in the process of Enlightenment, in the English, French, Amerrepairing it. The high castes would never con- ican, and Russian revolutions, men have fought sent to insert the tube in their mouths after it for larger rights and liberties. And now Ambedhad been used by a low caste, although they ~ar of India seeks to lead another vast group of human beings out of the terrible slavery of caste into j usrtice and freedom.

Crosses

By JULIA LAKE KELLERSBERGER* Missiontlry of the Presbyteritln Church in the United Sttltes The Cross in the Sky watershed between the present territory of Rho- D URING the World War a company of young desia and the Belgian Congo, perhaps two small American soldiers were impatient to enter streams, only a few yards apart, would not have the fray. There were not transport ships issued from its center, one flowing south into the enough for all. The Captain, to be entirely just, Zambesi over Victoria while the other flowed drew a red cross on every third slip of paper, north into – what? Livingstone thought this leaving the other two blank. Those who drew the must be the source of the Nile but he laid down cross were to sail for France the next day. The his life with the secret which he longed to ferret others were to wait further orders. One sixteen- out still locked within the waters of the stream. year-old American lad wrote home to his mother, Had Stanley not been a worthy pupil of so illus- "I'm praying that I might draw a cross." He did trious a teacher, he would never have returned to the unknown to solve the unfinished riddle. For and his body rests in Flander's field. one thousand days save one, he stuck to the river It is a costly thing to draw a cross. Most of us which flowed north for hundreds of miles and would prefer the crowns but we must carry the first before we can be coronated with the second. then suddenly turned west. He found enough Those who have chosen the Belgian Congo as adventures to satisfy even a knight of the round a mission field have drawn a land of crosses, as- table, as is ably proven by his own history of that tronomically, geographically and spiritually. illustrious voyage. Reaching the cataracts, near There is a Cross in the Sky which looks down the end of his journey, he fought his way along upon this territory of approximately one million the shore and finally landed at Boma on the Atsquare miles, eighty times the size of the country lantic Ocean. The shadows which, for four centhat governs it. "The Southern Cross" shines turies, had surrounded the "Dark Continent," upon the second largest river in the world, drain- were now chased away by the limelight of sciening more territory than all the rivers of Europe tific discovery. The silence of the continent was broken. From forests and plains, from mountains combined. This river spells "life" to countless and valleys, from river banks and ocean coasts hidden hamlets, supplying food and water and that had hitherto been dumb came a murmur of transportation to an otherwise poverty-stricken desire. "The Continent of God's Adventure" was and secluded people. The Cross is reflected in the ready for God's adventurers; the continent of placid waters of Stanley Pool, not far from the Moses was now ready for leaders to bring a bondmouth of the Congo River, where begins the series aged people to the Promised Land; the continent of famous cataracts that impeded the progress of to which Mary and Joseph fled with the young a continent for four hundred years. We dare not child, Jesus, was waiting to give Him a place in probe too curiously into the might-have-beens, but her bosom. gazing down on fishing nets caught in the swirl The Cross on the Land of these innocent-looking rapids, one's imagina- tion is caught in the net of speculation. Had the Had young Prince Henry the Navigator not mighty Congo run a smooth course, the energies crossed over from Spain to northern Africa in of intrepid explorers who entered her mouth be- 1415 he would never have learned from the Mos- fo;e Columbus dreamed of his westward voyage lems there of the vast riches along the unexplored mIght, perchance, have been directed toward the Western Coast. He would never have issued his opening up of this old, old continent instead of royal edi-ct to Diogo Cam to "Plant the Cross on discovering the new. If so, then might not Chris- some new headland." Because of this command tian Africa be sending missionaries to pagan there was carved in 1486 upon solid rock along America? Who can say? Great doors often the bank of the Congo River a cross, the sacred swing upon small hinges! Had there not been a symbol of the Rock of Ages upon enduring stone.

* A~ address delivered at The Florida Chain of Missionary As- A well-known picture of the Christ Child portrays semblIes, 1936. Him with arms outstretched, running towards His [172 ] waiting mother. Noon shadows cause the warn- ulated country, whose people were known, until a ing form of a cross to appear behind His boyish few decades ago, as a dying race because of the figure. Central Africa, too, has her arms up- crosses which still hung upon the land – sorcery raised, but sinister shadows make weird crosses and witchcraft, cannibalism and the poison cup, upon her weary land. To those who have had the epidemic diseases, sin, ignorance and superstitkm. privilege of gazing upon the "Mount of the Holy Cross" in Colorado, whose seared sides are filled The Cross Upon the Back with spotless snow, and upon whose heights a great white cross is visible, can never forget the There is a cross upon the back of the women sacred symbolism. Congo hills, too, are scarred and girls of Africa. They are modern Gibeonites, hewers of wood and drawers of water. They are the builders of roads, cultivators of fields, and the bearers of babies. They are the centers of controversy, the barter goods of trade, and the cause of jealousy. They are the hub of the wheel around which turns the African ma- chinery of life. No army can advance any faster than its sick or wounded. African women are carrying heavy crosses, therefore African advance has been slow and painful. Congo maidens have already beheld, their young minds have already comprehended, and their girl bodies have already endured enough of life's stern realities to make of them old women in experience, long before they have even en- tered womanhood. Eight hundred girl wives were found near one mission station in recent years, married to aged polygamous husbands. Upon tiny bodies falls all too soon that sinister shadow of the cross of sickness, suffering and death. Figures range from 50 to 75 % infant mortality, but even at the lowest estimate there is an appalling death rate due to heathen cus- toms and superstitions centering around the new-born child.

A CONGO CHRISTIAN MOTHER WITH TWINS The Cross Within the Heart (If she were not a Christian the twins would have been allowed to die.) Within a trunk of curios from Africa there with the rush of tropic waters and the forms of is a tiny copper cross, of more historic value crude crosses sprawl here and there upon her than all of the other contents put together. rugged breast. Two great transportation routes, This cross was found buried in the grave of an traversing the length and breadth of the land, ancient chief hundreds of years ago and had meet in the Belgian Congo. They form a mas- been used as a part of the "bride-price" for one sive, man-made Crucifix, hung, as it were, upon of his many wives. Very much larger 'and the surface of the whole continent. The torrents heavier ones are still in use for the purpose of of civilization, with their mighty onrush, have securing a wife. It is natural that copper, left crosses not only seared upon the soil ;but tat- which is ' so plentiful in the Congo region should tooed upon the hearts of those who still wear the be used as a medium of exchange, but was it only scars of slavery and political despotism, of greed chance that caused them to smelt the ore to form for gain instead of desire for God. There· are so sacred a design? ·@ver four hundred yeats ago only ten people to the square mile in this depop- Portuguese Catholics claimed the West Coast for Christ, and many crucifixes have been unearthed in ancient villages. They were later used as fetishes to bring good luck in the hunt. Who knows but that they might have been thought of as bringing ."good luck" in the marital relations as well ? We shall· take .the cross, as they have done, as a symbol of marriage. Strange that where sin abides unchecked, the most sacred

things in life become the most degraded. Instead you are blind, you can hold on to a stick, but after of a crown of orange blossoms in her hair, the you receive your sight, you don't need the stick Congo maiden has a cross to bear upon her heart. any longer." Rejoice that there are many in the Congo today who once were blind but now can Another cross is seared upon the hearts of see; who once were holding to crutches, but now Congo women and they can never forget the awful can walk by faith; who once were seeking self, scars until the knowledge of the Cross of Christ but now are drawing crosses. There are now at takes the scars away. More than anywhere else, work in the Belgian Congo forty-four Protestant African superstitions center around the mother missionary societies with 893 missionaries, of 12 and child. Woman must not only bear the pain of nationalities. There are two hundred Christian physical birth but she must bear the blame for mission stations and a total of 527,800 natives in the illness and death of her offspring. Ngoya was such a case. Her four children grew up about her. An epidemic of dysentery swept the village and under the ministrations of the witchdoctor all four of them died. She was judged guilty of witch-craft and was made to drink the poison cup. She survived, but hundreds of others have died under similar trials. She now sits before the door of her delapidated hut, a few twigs burning before her, her wrinkled old face devoid of expression. "One, two, three, four," a Christian heard her murmur. He followed the direction of her finger and saw-four little mounds of earth. She was patiently taught of the resurrection hope, but there are thousands of other Ngoyas whose little twig fires furnish their only light.

The Cross Along the Road WIFE OF A CONGO CHIEF (She is burdened with copper bracelets and jewelry.) The Congo woman has traveled a long, long trail. She is standing at the crossroads of the active touch with Christian missions, not counting future and her choice of direction will deter- the children in 10,116 Christian schools. Denommine what she will be tomorrow, economically, inationalism is never stressed. Each convert is a industrially, educationally, politically and reli- member, not of a particular denomination, but of giously. The crossroads of an African trail, "The Church of Christ in the Congo." by which they believe that the spirits may come in either direction, is a very serious affair. The Nineteen hundred years ago a black man drew spirits of the future, both good and evil, are a Cross. How strangely significant it was that he, calling the African woman, as she stands hesi- among the howling mob, was chosen to lift the tant where two ways meet. A signpost is there burden_from the back of One who was carrying and it is in the form of a cross. The Guide the sins of the whole world. Today Christians Himself has placed it and has printed upon it have an opportunity to lift the black man's lesser in flaming letters, directions concerning the Way. crosses. The Crucified and Crowned Chr,ist is the Can she read it? Has she strength to follow? It only solution for "Congo Crosses."t is the privilege of Christian missionaries to take her by the hand and to lead her gently along the t "Congo Crosses," the Mission Study Book for 1936-37, published New Trail which has so many absorbing bypaths, by the Central Committee for the United Study of Forei&'ll Missions, "the upward, winding, daring trail" . . . to God. covers; 50 cents, paper covers. Author, Mrs. Julia Lake Kelles- berger. The Cross of Calvary "The arms of the Cross are still strong enough to hang the destinies of nations upon." Were it not for the power of the Cross of Calvary, there would be no hope for Congo's crosses. "Social service without Christ is like giving a dead man a stick to make him walk." When urged to leave her church and join in many counteractivities, an educated Christian Congo woman replied: "When

Awakening of Egypt*

__ I By MRS. JOHN P. WHITE, Pittsburgh, Pa. I Editor of The Women's Missionary Magazine of the United Presbyterian Chur~h O UT on the edge of the desert, west of Cairo, But I soon became aware of a new Egypt. stands the Sphinx. Cut from the solid Cairo had fine new buildings, wider streets, lovely stone, this monument has been standing boulevards. The smaller cities, which formerly for thousands of years. The conquerors of many were lighted by kerosene lanterns or candles, now nations have swept by; dynasties have risen and have their great white ways and there are wide fallen; generations have come and gone and still roads between towns and paved highways between the Sphinx has remained unchanged. the great cities. Many material evidences indi- In the Railway Station Square in Cairo is an- cate a new Egypt.

other Sphinx. Beside it is the figure of a young An Intellectual Awakening woman, with one hand on the head, as if to awaken the sleeping sphinx; with the other hand she Egypt, which has been one of the most backis throwing back a veil from her face. This statue ward of nations in literacy, is at long last visibly is called "The Awakening of Egypt." moved. In 1917, after thirty-five years of British occupation and sixty-three of missionary educa- "You will not know Egypt," my friends said tion, Egypt was gaining. Yet the census of that to me when I recently returned to Egypt after an year revealed that less than ten per cent of Mosabsence of years. "Everything is changed; there lem men could read and only half of one per cent is a new Egypt." of Moslem women could read. That means that only five Mohammedan women out of a thousand But I did know Egypt. At first my thoughts were literate. The percentage in the Coptic comall seemed to turn backward. I went into the old munity was higher, and in the Protestant commusections of Cairo and Assiut with their narrow, nity it was very much higher, but Egypt is almost malodorous streets and swarming population; solidly Mohammedan, having thirteen million out they seemed exactly the same. I visited the vil- of the total population of fourteen million. The lages, with the one-room houses of sun-dried census of 1927 showed seventeen and one-half per brick, where often the family, the donkey, and the cent of men and two per cent of women to be chickens all sleep under the same roof. Were literate. This means that twenty out of a thouthese the same houses I had seen years before? sand Mohammedan women could read. But do The crumbling walls, the old thatch of corn-stalks not forget that 980 out of a thousand Mohammedand cotton-stalks answered "yes." an women are still illiterate. The next census will show another encouraging increase, and we And the people? All sense of time seemed to all rejoice, for every new reader is a potential be lost as I looked at the farmer with his camel Bible reader. It is not too much to claim that the and donkey hitched together, drawing a primitive American missionaries who opened little schools plow; or at. the small boy riding his buffalo cow for Egypt's children eighty-one years ago, and in down into the water to give her a drink. They the course of years built up a system from kinwere people I knew. As I looked at the black- dergarten to college, and who trained an army of veiled women, I felt I knew them. When one teachers, started the idea of education for the sons .rushed up to me with a sign of recognition my of the common people, and introduced the wholly heart said "Oh, that is Sitt Gameela," but the new idea of educating girls. calendar said "Perhaps she is Sitt Gameela's daughter."

Egypt at times seemed unchanged. The land, Today Egypt has a national school system. the crops, the trees, the flowers, the old monu- King Fuad, several years ago, told one of the misments-all are the same; the river still sionaries of his ambitions to make Egypt literate.

. . . Flows through old hushed Egypt and its sands He realized the difficulties-the opposition of the Like some grave mighty thought threading a dream. old conservatives, the necessary extra taxation, the lack of trained teachers, the poverty of the sem• bPllaerst, o1f9a3n6. address given at the Florida Chain of Missionary As- people, who need the help of every child to earn a [175 ]

few millemes, but he said, "I am determined to go but through education. Both men and women forward with my program." And he has gone have come to see a new dignity in womanhood, forward with the help of forward looking men. and to place a new value upon childhood. Here Primary schools, covering a four-year course, are again Christian women from the West showed a springing up throughout the villages, high schools new way. are available for many in the cities; and a university established in 1925 is as modern as the Egyptian women have recently organized nu- American University in Cairo. merous societies for the help of their own people. The "20," with their new privileges, are reaching This new education is producing a real revolu- out a helping hand to the "980." These women tion. EI Azhar, the great Mohammedan Univer- have created public opinion that demanded many sity, older than Oxford or Cambridge, has been out new laws. They asked for schools, equal educaof sympathy with the new methods, but the inrush tional privileges for girls, hospitals, eye clinics, of news from the outside world through the press, orphanages, reforms in marriage customs, new Western literature and the radio, is making a pro- rights in divorce courts, raising the marriage age found impression on the younger generation. to 16, and other reforms relating to public hy- They have demanded that some of the sciences be giene, immorality, evil customs and superstitaught, that the curriculum be changed to a more tions. modern type. Such proposals always meet strong opposition but some changes have been made. Professor Cleland of the Cairo University, through the Extension Department, is making a It has taken brave souls to speak against the fine contribution to this awakening among both old order. Prof. Fahmy Monsour, writing on men and women, through moving pictures, and by "The Condition of Women in Moslem Lands" cre- having outstanding speakers discuss among other ated a furore; Judge Ali Abd el Razek, writing subjects the social problems of Egypt. A similar on "Islam and the Principles of Government" and contribution is being made by the Egyptian disclaiming the need of a Caliph to govern Islamic Branch of the Young Men's Christian Association people, was removed from office; Dr. Taha Has- through lectures to men, and through discussion sein who brought to light "Pre-Islamic Poetry," groups among young Egyptians. which had passed as Moslem poetry, had his book confiscated, and he was dismissed from his post in A Spiritual Awakening the university, though he was reinstated when there was a change in Parliament. Best of all there is a spiritual awakening. Eighty-one years of Gospel teaching and eighty- The Egyptian press is spreading the news of one years of the demonstration of Christian love the world throughout the land. In spite of the have brought forth glorious fruits. There has fact that the reading public is so limited~ yet there never been any Christian mass movement in are thirty-nine dailies and two hundred and fifty- Egypt; never has there been a time when great seven journals published in Egypt. From this numbers were swept into the church, but there intellectual .center of Islam the presses are send- has been a steady growth year after year. ing forth the currents of thought of modern Egypt. There is an Evangelical church built up of men and women and youth who have found Christ as The Annual Almanac 'reports that of the 188,- the only One who can give them new life, joy and 000 volumes in the Royal Library in Cairo, 88,000 peace and help in all their problems. It is not a are in the Arabic language. There is a new book perfected church, but it is one exhibiting devotion coming off the press every day. When you under- to God's Word, faithfulness to His ordinances, stand the custom of the land you will know that generosity to His work, and a willingness to serve. one paper or book can enlighten a whole village. One man sitting in front of his shop will read in Watch the students in the Cairo College for strident tones so that even he who runneth can Girls going home to conduct Vacation Bible hear. It is a system that lends itself to Bible read- Schools; or follow the students of the Training ing also. And the Bible is one of the "best sellers" College and the Pressly Memorial Institute in in the Nile Valley. Assiut as they go out to give this same service in the small villages in Upper Egypt. Or listen to A Social Awakening the little bands of college boys conducting street Sunday Schools, and the girls holding little serv- The release of new ideas, as well as the in- ices with groups in homes in the city or Assiut. creased literacy, has produced a social awakening. Mohammedan women, if permitted to go out Hundreds of our trained Christian teachers at all, have for centuries been veiled women. add to their schedule in school a period of Bible Today the veil is being cast off, particularly in study daily. cities, not by a government firman as in Turkey, Many of the church members give voluntary service during "Witness Week" as they go among

THE AWAKENING OF EGYPT

their neighbors selling Scriptures or giving por- How has the Moslem life been touched? To tions to those too poor to buy. quote Prebendary Wilson Cash, "The Christian Time would fail to even mention the service!' of faith is a life to be lived and the reason why Mos- the ministers and elders and Sunday school teach- lems are so often repelled is becausQ it has never ers and Bible women; of the Christian doctors, been adequately tried by any large body of people nurses, and child welfare helpers; of the thou- or nation . . . We cannot attack the faults of sands who cooperate with this self-supporting, others when we are so conscious of our own fail- self-governing church. ures, but we can seek to show by love and service For thirty years the only Protestant church what Jesus Christ taught and what His ideals, if carrying on work in Egypt was the United Pres- applied, would mean in world regeneration."

byterian Church of America. Later the Church This is what missionaries have done. Hospi- Missionary Society of England undertook a spe- tals, clinics, orphanages, and child welfare cen- cial work for Moslems in Old Cairo where this ters have been established to minister to' thou- society conducts one of the largest missionary sands; and how often a poor suffering woman, hospitals in the world. feeling the gentle touch of physician or nurse, has The Egypt General Mission, an independent exclaimed, "Our religion never does this for a British group, labors in the Delta, cooperating fellaha." Thousands of children have received with the Evangelical Church, and other small their education in Christian schools and they grow groups are sharing in the service for Egypt. Sta- up as friends to the Christian missionary.

tistics alone may seem to show the investment of Dr. Sadek, a professor in the Egyptian State eighty-one years has produced small profits, but University, delivered a commencement address in there are many secondary results. June, 1935, at the College for Girls in Cairo, The Coptic Church for years conducted its wor- where more than half of the students are Moham- ship in a dead language so that its people were medans. Among many other fine things, he said: not fed on the Word of God. Living in the midst "I consider that this college stands high of the overwhelming. Moslem population, they amongst all other schools by virtue of the char- were not far removed in life and practice from acteristic stamp which it imprints on all its stu- their neighbors. When the late Theodore Roose- dents."

velt was in Egypt twenty-five years ago, he was One of the graduates of the class of 1935 took entertained by a bishop who is now the Patriarch as a subject for her commencement essay, "The of the Coptic Church. When the bishop was prais- Cries of Egypt." She pointed out the evils and ing the Americans, Mr. Roosevelt asked: "What sorrows of her land and in a passionate appeal have they done?" summoned her hearers to help. "I have done "Many, many good things" was the reply. this," she concluded, "only with the hope of find- Mr. Roosevelt in his characteristic way, said, ing an immediate response, especially from both "Tell me one outstanding thing they have done." graduates and students of our College where we "They have given us the Bible," replied the learn the true meaning of help and self-sacrifice."

bishop. He did not mean that they had translated From among all these influences and achieve- it into the language of the people, for that had ments of the Christian Church, an increasing been done years before by Americans in Syria; number of Mohammedans are coming and saying, he meant that the Evangelical Church had proven "Sir, we would see Jesus."

that if Christianity is to have power in the lives Yes, Egypt is awake after a sleep of centuries.

of'men and women, they must be taught to read It is significant that an Egyptian artist should and understand the Bible. Today the Coptic have conceived the idea of a woman as the agency Church uses the Bible in the Arabic language and through whom this awakening should come. The in an increasing number of churches, the priests true spiritual awakening must come through the preach Gospel sermons. Sunday Schools have also woman who has been touched by the power of J e- been organized for children, and among the men sus Christ. Those who share their service, their have been organized "Friends of the Bible" gifts and their prayers with the Evangelical classes. The Coptic Church now joins the Evan- Church of Egypt will go forward with joy, believ- gelical Church in some centers in annual Sunday ing that they are helping to fulfill the prophecy School Conventions, where they confer together made centuries ago that "the Egyptians shall and plan for better methods of building up the know the Lord" and "the Lord of hosts shall bless Kingdom of God. her saying, Blessed be Egypt my people."

Progress in Mexico*

By GONZALO BAEZ CAMARGO Writer, Lecturer and Secretary of the National Coulzcil of Evangelical Churches of Mexico BECAUSE of the unreliable press reports up- assigned for public health is also gradually in- on which the mind of the average newspaper creasing every year. Within the next four years reader is being fed, Mexico is commonly as- a total of fifty million Mexican dollars will be sociated with strange and often ludicrous ideas of granted for agricultural credits and the same disturbance and backwardness. There is another amount for irrigation works. Physical culture side of the picture, however, of which the Ameri- and the campaign against alcoholism are being can people probably seldom hear and to which I strongly encouraged.

want to refer briefly. The truth is that Mexico is In the midst of the present profound changes steadily moving forward, carrying on its remark- that Mexico is undergoing, two facts belonging to able program of social reconstruction, which is the spiritual realm ought to be mentioned. In the being entrusted more and more to educational and first place, strange as it may seem, in view of the peaceful methods. press reports that reach the American public, The shifting of the political power from one there is an unprecedented interest in religion, not group to another had been hitherto practically only among the common people but also among always a bloody affair in Mexico. But the fact the educated classes. Contrary to the Latin Amerthat the country has been able, in the last few ican tradition, according to which truly educated weeks, to pass through a very serious political people are not supposed to take any real interest crisis of that type, without resorting to civil war in religious questions, apart from the routine comand bloodshed, is in itself a very hopeful and pliance with the established rites of the churches, encouraging sign. a new and deep concern for religious problems Among other signs of progress, the following may now be detected in these circles. Religion is should be especially mentioned: the effort to build becoming a burning question for everybody; up a strong national economy, opening new roads books which deal with it are increasingly in deand developing the material resources of the coun- mand, and the idea of free discussion of religious try; a new appreciation of the creative capacities subjects is spreading.

of the Indian, who for many centuries was held In the second place, from certain influential back as an inferior being, in a desperate condition quarters comes an open challenge as to the place of ignorance and poverty; and, what is best of and function of religion in the life of the indiall, an educational awakening which has no prec- vidual and of society. As a result, some of the edents in the whole history of Latin America. In fundamental truths of the Christian religion are referring to this educational movement, Frank being seriously questioned in the minds of many. Tannenbaum writes, "It is the most modern, yet The real truth and power of the Christian religion the most delicate and sensitive, large-scale move- has not been known to the great majority of the ment of cultural stimulus and social awakening Mexican people, and a good number of them feel that can be recorded in America, and perhaps in inclined, of course, to interpret Christianity in the world." terms of a very imperfect realization of its real content and meaning. Upon these unsound Special attention has been given, in this educa- grounds, there are many who feel justified in retional program, to the rural communities and par- jecting what they think is the Christian religion ticularly to the Indians. Thousands of rural because they find in it many elements wh,ich they schools are now functioning all over the country. believe to be opposed to the enlightenment and During 1935 over 2,400 new rural schools were social progress of the people. established. The educational program provides for 2,000 new schools each year. The budget for The Mexican nation is deciding, at this very the army has been reduced and the budget for hour, whether the religion of Jesus will become a education considerably increased. The amount fundamental and dynamic element in the remak- ing of the country, or whether it will have to be 193• 6A. n address given at the Florida Chain of Missionary Assemblies, [178 ] left out as a useless tradition of a dying past. It the home and a book on principles and methods is a most solemn hour of decision, not only for of Christian education. The Union Publishing Mexico but also for the rest of the Latin American House, an interdenominational concern, is devel- oping an intensive literature program. Books on world. Christianity and Communism, science and reli- Out of these two outstanding facts, there grows gion and other subjects have been published. One of them deserved three columns of editorial comthe pressing need of presenting to the Mexican ment in a leading daily of Mexico City. people an objective interpretation of true Christianity, in terms of individual and social behav- By means of prayer circles, organized in the ior. To demonstrate Christianity, factually and local churches, and by special emphasis on perdistinctly, as a supreme and incomparable force sonal evangelism, the work is being spiritually in regenerating the individual and shaping society nourished and strengthened. according to the principles of Love, Justice and Fraternity, is coming to be, therefore, the great- The training of workers for Christian service est task of all those who bear the name of Christ is entering into a new stage. The Union Theolog- ical Seminary, which had been concentrating its in Mexico. work upon the training of ministers, with head- Benito J wirez, the great Indian president of quarters in Mexico City, is now developing an intensive training program for lay workers all Mexico, once expressed his hope that Protestant- over the country, by means of a chain of sixism should become an active force in liberating weeks' training schools, with an itinerant faculty, the Mexican Indians from the state of ignorance, functioning in the denominational fields and rensuperstition and vice in which they lie. And more dering valuable services to the local churches. recently, ex-president Portes Gil, now the head of More than a dozen of these new training schools the National Revolutionary Party which controls were held during the last year. the Government of Mexico, said: "If our children are to become Christians, let that be by seeking There are many elements in the Mexican situathe original fountain, the words of the Master tion which have been an acid test of the steadiness which are in the gospels." Antonio Caso, the lead- and quality of the Protestant work. It has been ing Mexican philosopher, has sounded this ener- a time of trial. But it has finally turned out to be getic proclamation: "The arms of the Cross are a real time of splendid and unprecedented opporstill sufficiently strong to permit us to hang our tunity. As a whole, it may be said that the Protdestinies upon them." estant churches in Mexico are not so much con- cerned about a theoretical recognition of religious The Protestant forces in Mexico are ready to do liberties as to the much more practical issue of their part, in spite of their numerical inferiority, how to make the best use of the present opporin answering these ringing calls to Christian con- tunities, for the spiritual upbuilding of the nation, structive action. They are awakening to a new for the benefit of the people and for the extension sense of responsibility, out of which a creative of the true Kingdom of God in Mexico. and expanding program has gradually emerged. THE AWAKENING IN BRAZIL Six denominations have organized a National Council of Evangelical Churches, under which a In few mission fields of the world, perhaps in strong cooperative forward drive is being con- none, is Evangelical Christianity making such ducted. Its General Department of Christian Ed- rapid and amazing progress as in the great Braucation is very active, promoting the improve- zilian republic. The latest news refers to a great ment of the church agencies and mainly Christian evangelistic campaign in the City of Sao Paulo, education in the home. In 1933 Mexico occupied during December. This campaign was conceived the second place in Latin America in the work of and initiated entirely by Evangelical Christians in Daily Vacation Bible Schools. During the last Brazil and took the form of simultaneous meetyear seventeen different camps for young people ings held in forty centers in the great City of Sao were held. A committee appointed by the Evan- Paulo. Ninety Brazilian preachers, representing gelical National Convention has begun to organ- all the Evangelical denominations and including ize discussion groups among the students. A na- Southern Baptists, Methodists, Presbyterians and tive evangelical scout program is being developed Episcopalians, cooperated in the effort, breaking and experimented in Mexico City. The circulation across the denominational lines. Three hundred of the Bible has had an increase of almost a hun- prayer groups met regularly in this one city bedred per cent since 1931. Special attention has fore and during the evangelistic campaign. The been given to the preparation and publication of effort originated in the Brazilian Committee of Christian literature. The Regional Committee on Evangelical YQuth of Sao Paulo. Curriculum has published a series of monographs on methods of religious education work, material fQr VacatiQn and Sunday schQols, literature fQr

Final Motive for Foreign

By the REV. S. H. GAPP, D.D., Bethlehem, Pa.

_•..g( President of the Society of the United Brethren for Propagating the Gospel Among the Heathen W HAT may there be in missions which moral and spiritual. The second motive is based makes their prosecution the duty of the on internal experience, springing from a consid- Church until their great purpose has been eration of Jesus Christ and our relation to Him, accomplished? What is their final objective? loyalty, gratitude and love. What the impelling motive? There are the minor motives. There is a final and compelling motive. Dr. Cleland B. McAfee notes five fundamental missionary motives, all historic. 1. The Commis- Warneck's definition of purpose is this: "Pfian- sion of Christ. 2. The need of the world for all zung und Organization der christlichen Kirche that Christ brings. 3. The nature of the Chrisunter nicht-Christen." Unless you read a great tian faith, its universal truth and its value for deal into the statement it makes the prime object all men. 4. The need of the home church to fulfil of missions to be the propagation and organization life by the evident expression of its spirit. 5. The of an institution-the Christian Church-among work already done and now in progress in all non-Christians. lands.

Dr. Robert H. Glover, in his "Progress of Permit me to treat the motives less technically, World-Wide Missions" says: "The aim of mis- more practically with illustrative material drawn sions is to make Jesus Christ known to all men as from the history of missions and from the mission the only Saviour from sin." field at the present time.

The Lutheran Pietists of Germany and Count The Boom of Christian Missions Zinzendorf, the Moravian, said the purpose of missions was "Seelen fur das Lamm zu werben"- Dr. Arthur J. Brown wrote his book "The Forto win souls for the Lamb. eign Missionary" in 1907, near the beginning of the century. He says: "The foreign missionary Dr. Arthur J. Brown says: "The aim is to pre- enterprise is the vastest enterprise of the Chrissent Christ so intelligently that they will accept tian Church. There are now 28,000 Protestant Him as their personal Saviour." foreign missionaries in non-Christian lands; 2,408,900 adult communicants are enrolled in a Take these and other definitions together and no one can raise serious objections. This is not only the purpose of foreign missions but of home Christian army of 5,145,236; 140,000 native minmissions also, it is the purpose of the Christian isters, evangelists and teachers, 36,616 Sunday Church. It is the purpose of the Incarnation. It schools with 2,000,000 pupils. Then he lists all the is the reason for the work of God among men. charitable, educational and Biblical institutions in Or as Glover puts it: "Christian missions is the the heathen world and ends with the sentence proclamation of the Gospel to the unconverted "The Christian people of Europe and America everywhere according to the command of Christ." gave last year for the maintenance of these varied activities $44,448,000." This purpose is so exalted, so extensive, so costly, so humanly impossible for Christians to ac- When E. W. Smith issued his "The Desire of complish (who after all are only a fractional mi- All Nations" he could honestly and enthusiastical- nority of the earth's population and few of them ly write: "It took a hundred years to win the first are spiritual giants) that we may well ask what million converts from heathenism, twelve years to motives inspire men to dedicate themselves to so win the second million, less than six years the heroic a task. Of course the power must be divine; third, and the number is mounting now with a there is no other sufficient motivation for the swift acceleration. In all but two or three of the Church's continuing self-dedication to this heroic, great strategic centers of the world, Gospel staworld engirdling task. tions are firmly planted."

Glover says that essentially there are only two Such optimism! Such enthusiasm! And surely motives, both biblical. The first is based on ex- all who know the marvellous expansion of misternal facts-springing from the consideration of sions in the last seventy-five years would justify the material condition of the heathen, temporal, the optimism. Japan opened to missionary in- [180 ] fluence in 1859, the larger efforts in China since is born irrevocably with his tiny personal life at 1860, Livingstone's travels in Africa till his death some definite point."

in 1873 and the enormous development of missions If all that is true, then missions never did and there since his death, the great work in Korea do not now have a worth-while raison d'etre. As since 1884, the wild colonization period which Karl Heim says, missions could then be considered gave unparalleled opportunity to missionary only as a means of culture, propaganda or "reliforces in England, France, Belgium, Italy and gious imperialism," as a part of the conflict of the Germany. whites with the colored races. "We could then This was paralleled in America and English- view missions from a strategic, political and na- speaking countries generally by the missionary tional viewpoint, and ponder the question whether excitement engendered by great movements and it would not be better for the present to give up slogans, "The Evangelization of the World in this all ecclesiastical propaganda in pagan countries, Generation." The generation that coined the especially as the success of missions is seriously phrase is dead-the world is not yet converted. threatened just now in China by Bolshevism, in Alexander McLeish last year wrote a book "Jesus India by religious and political nationalism and in Christ and World Evangelization" to prove that Africa by the ever-increasing secularization of the world can be evangelized in this generation, civilization."

that indeed any generation could have done it. Well, the missionary authorities do not at this Professor Kenneth S. Latourette of Yale recently point stop and hire a blackfaced "crooner" to sing called for a revival of this watchword. Other fa- "Is I Blue?" They are convinced that what is mous battle cries were: self-supporting, self-gov- wrong with the world and missions is not caused erning and self..,propagating churches, the church- by the relentless power of elemental forces. The council system of Anglican missions, (congrega- present mission situation has not always existed. It did not exist at the end of the last century. It tions taking care of their own needs while the is an emergency. The causes of that emergency episcopacy was responsible for leadership in mis- are well known; so are the details of the present sionary extension); indigenous churches-fos- crisis; almost anybody can guess what consetered by the World Dominion Movement; Volk- quences might result if the dangerous tendencies skirchen-the pet theory of the German churches, are not counteracted by definite, resolute, faith- (Gustav Warneck's five-volume "Theory of Mis- filled energy. Elemental forces are entirely irrevosions" is based on this idea); National Churches, cable. Pills for earthquakes are always fake. But the latest and at present the most ambitious human emergencies are not irrevocable. The best scheme-that of uniting all denominations at work definition of the word emergency is; "A sudden in each of the great pagan nations into one church condition calling for immediate action." truly national; Student Volunteer Movement and Missionary Education Movement, the Laymen's The missionary leaders consider the present Missionary Movement. mission situation "a sudden condition" and they loudly call for appropriate action. Dr. John R. None of these ambitious and enthusiastic move- Mott says: "It is my conviction that the past ments has been an unqualified success, but back of twenty years witnessed incomparably greater them all is this one great fact: the past history of changes in the world than any other period of like missions proves that God has manifested His extent." In 1931 he said: "Without doubt the power in the preaching of the Gospel. We are not Christian cause all over the world is either losing facing a foolish or impossible task. Christianity ground or failing to make triumphant advance, in is far from perfect, but the marvellous transfor- consequence of failure to press the present unprecmation of individuals and nations demonstrates edented advantage." In 1935, in his book "Cothat the power of God is in the Gospel. Past tri- operation and the World Mission," Dr. Mott umphs guarantee the final and complete triumph. writes: The Threatened Collapse Never was there a more critical moment. The ma- terialistic philosophy of the day, the violence of the de- The optimistic note was still dominant at the structive communistic activity, the power of paganism and Edinburgh Conference in 1910. Since then things of faiths and systems contrary to the teachings of Christ, have happened. At the Jerusalem Conference, the reactionary attitude of so many governments with 1928, there were dark clouds on the sky. Today reference to religious liberty, the perilous subordination Christianity is definitely on the defensive. Spen- of religion to serve the political ends of totalitarian congler says there is nothing in the world but "the ceptions of the State, and the necessity of recasting the inexorable course of events, senseless chance, the prevailing industrial and commercial system so that it will actuality of history with its unpitying march not negative the principles of Christian love and brotherthrough the centuries, into which the individual hood nor conduce to international war, all present a chal- lenge to Christ's followers which has never been surpassed

in gravity and urgency. In truth we are facing stupen- ignorant and idle talkers, not worth wasting time dous changes in the whole makeup of the world, changes over. Yet E. Stanley Jones, in the Foreign Mis- as revolutionary as any in the history of mankind. sions Conference Report, 1934, in connection with a tour of all America says he found very little hos- Dr. Charles R. Watson says "that the prevailing tility to missions. atmosphere is unfavorable to foreign missions goes without saying." But Dr. Mott in his book, "The Present Day Summons to the World Mission of Christianity," Before outlining the causes of the mission col- pleads earnestly for multiplying the number of lapse, it is best to let Dr. Julius Richter tell us apologetic voices and pens in the mission cause. "that our era is a period of low ebb in religion the Perhaps we need more witnessing than apologetic world over. The Russion Orthodox Church has voices. collapsed; Pan Islam also, and is disestablished in Turkey; so with Confucianism in China. The Many criticisms are mere shadow-boxing, animistic religion of primitive peoples the world smoke screens, behind which hide selfishness and over is disintegrating irresistibly. The spiritual sheer indifference. Such are the statements: wasting away of the churches of Christendom is an open fact-its forms changing into spiritualism "It takes a dollar to send a dollar." and superstition or into secularism, agnosticism "The mission secretaries line their pockets with or atheism." the money given for heathen." "British missionaries must put sound Manches- Dr. Richter in his last book lists the following ter pants on the heathen as a holy duty." causes of collapse, the first five of which are the "Whenever a German missionary sails for heath- most important: en countries you can always see some man near waving a roth, weiss and schwarz flag and yelling, (1) The financial stringency; (2) the wide recrudes- 'Hoch der Kaiser,' till his face is red." cence of nationalism; (3) alienation of the younger gen- "The American trader says that trade follows eration from the Christian background and missionary the flag-the flag he means is the church flag of impulse; (4) the new intimacies of the world-wide con- the missionary." tact; (5) transformation of the social structure of the We are advised in Proverbs 26: 4-"Answer nations; (6) fatal loss of presti2'e of Christianity due to not a fool according to his folly lest thou also be the brutality of the war psychosis; (7) the un-Christian like unto him." character of science and technology; (8) the effort of But there are honest critics. Give them an hon- pagan nations to obtain the valuable fruits of Western est answer. Almost all missionary books print civilization without the Christian background; (9) com- long lists of criticisms and refute the attack, as petitive friction between Protestantism and Roman Ca- Dr. McAfee's books; Dr. Brown's "The Foreign tholicism; (10) the renewed advance of Islam as a dan- Missionary," (chapter 16); E. W. Smith's "The gerous antagonist of Christian missions, especially in Desire of All Nations," (chapter 7); Henry A. Equatorial Africa and the Dutch East Indies; (11) the Perkins, "The Case for Foreign Missions"; "Are gigantic propaganda of Bolshevistic Communists; (12) Foreign Missions Done For?" by R. E. Speer; endeavors of one nation after another to restrict the scope "Meeting Current Objections to Missions," by E. of its missionary agencies, especially educational and med- Stanley Jones, (Foreign Missions Conference Re- ical; (13) the immoral life of many representatives of the port, 1929), and there is an almost endless list of white ruling class; (14) the tendency of our institutional- other books. Apologetic voices will not accom- ism, by which so many men and so much m~:mey are ab- plish much, unless the final motive is present. sorbed by colleges and hospitals, and active evangelistic advance is made more difficult. Missionary Strategy and Policy Every pastor might well speak of these great Some say that we are afflicted with too many world tendencies hostile to Christianity and mis- missionary statesmen: with too much policy and sions and appeal to the spirit of the heroic in them administration. The horde of executive secre- to come to the help of the Lord against the mighty. taries and specialists of all kinds and description It is nevertheless a fact that this motive lacks in the Church and in missions not only cost a great power-unless the final motive is present. deal of money; they keep the poor missionary's head awhirl with programs, reports, percentages, The Critic of Missions graphs, plans and what not; he cannot get down to the real work for which he was sent out.. The general atmosphere, miasmatic for mis- sions, undoubtedly is a very real thing. Dr. Mc- And yet-while first of all the Christian Church Afee asserts the interest in missions was steadily must be the bearer of the Evangel to the utmost declining for a decade before the great depres- parts of the earth, it is none the less a fact that sion, because the validity of missions was ques- the Church is also the best representative on earth tioned. It is a fact, nevertheless, that the atmos- -imperfect as she is-of the Kingdom of God on pheric conditions and the antagonistic forces can . accomplish their nefarious purpose on only one condition-they must become incarnate in the vo- cal critic. His name is legion. Most of them are

THE FINAL MOTIVE FOR FOREIGN MISSIONS

earth. Jesus spoke much of the Kingdom of God ary preaching – unless the impelling motive is and of heaven. Certainly the first purpose of mis- present. sions is to win souls to the Lord Jesus, but when large numbers are won the Church cannot hon- The Model of Missionary Method estly shun the task of organizing them into a Kingdom for the Lord Jesus. That duty creates great St. Paul has been the model for many generatasks in the mission fields. Great tasks require tions. He claims to have been commissioned to great leaders-missionary statesmen. Who better preach-to preach the Gospel. The best book on than these know the enormous difficulties created his method is "Missionary Methods, St. Paul's or in the mission fields by extreme nationalism, the Ours," by Roland Allen. Paul's methods agree totalitarian state, secularism, dictatorship, by in- with the commands of Jesus: "Ye shall be witternational misunderstandings, by business de- nesses unto me both in Jerusalem and in all Judea, pression, unemployment and financial stringency, and in Samaria, and unto the uttermost parts of by feminism, education, secular, materialistic, the earth." The Great Commission says "teach scientific and technical, and the general religious all nations" and contains no reference to humandisintegration at home and in heathen lands? ism and charity.

In the International Review of Missions, July, "The foolishness of preaching," and the power 1934, Dr. Richter declares four gigantic problems of the Holy Ghost in "witnesses" (Acts 1: 8) has of mission strategy are: (1) Among primitive indeed been a supernatural force that produced people, especially Africa, the Indies and Oceanica, the missionary success of the past. What an alprimitive beliefs are disintegrating; (2) China- most magical power witnessing may exert! For the cultural structure of centuries is completely an artistic representation of it, study Schuesselle's broken down; (3) Russian Bolshevism-in Russia "Power of the Gospel" in the Archives Building and its world-wide propaganda; (4) Islam-dis- of Moravian Theological Seminary, but please do established in Turkey, its propaganda is on with not forget the equally magical power the same witzeal and success in Equatorial Africa and the nessing exerted in the social, economic and moral Dutch East Indies. life of converts. The material benefits of a spir- itual religion-what a wonderful thing that is. How maya pastor get the information to preach And how little the modern world thinks of it! with intelligence and convincingly on such mat- The fact is that all the enormous progress of the ters? Read the books of the missionary states- present civilized nations has been made under the men. It is a serious task. Get ,the reports of the preaching of the Gospel. Sociology, economics, missionary conferences. Many great sermons can charity as quasi-sciences are not old enough to be preached on such themes-sermons that will claim the credit. Admit all that is good in them make sleepy parishioners sit up and take notice. -the truth is they will have to travel an enormous distance before they will overtake the humanistic But missionary statesmanship deals not only effects of the preaching of the Gospel, probably with the adversaries. There are problems of de- never will overtake it. velopment and organization of great importance, even if of less preaching value. For instance: Dr. Albert Schweitzer is the ideal and model of the main objective of the World Conference of the many moderns and liberals. He is only a very International Missionary Conference to be held prominent representative of a widespread idea. at Kowloon, China, 1938, is to be "The upbuilding And then Albert Schweitzer himself refused to and maintenance of younger churches as a part preach; he said that he wished to practice. He of the historic world-wide communion." I do not is a liberal-the liberals sent him to Africa. He expect to preach a sermon on that theme. wished to give the world at least one instance of liberals doing what Evangelicals have been doing In the meantime the missionary statesmen have for centuries. He believed that humanism dea great task at home in the great idea of coopera- rives its sanction from our human nature, not tion in every phase of mission work-even in the from our connection with God. He says: "It was matter of administration. A plea for such uni- and still is my conviction, that the humanitarian fied control of the world's far-flung mission work work to be done in the world should for its acis a choice part of "Rethinking Missions." But complishment call upon us as men, not as memthere surely is nothing new in that idea. Dr. Mott bers of a particular nation or religious body. We has recently issued a book on "Cooperation and are not free to confer benefactions on the Negroes the World Mission"-but it is not the first time or not, as we please: it is our duty. Anything he has written on that theme. we give them is not benevolence, but atonement."

A pastor may well keep in touch with ,these "Pity the poor heathen" is a materialistic plea. great movements and preach about some of them, St. Paul says: "My heart's desire is that they but he will not accomplish much by such mission- might be saved." … "That I might by all means

save some." "I could wish that myself were a two hundred year record of encouraging agri- culture, industry and trade in its fields among accursed from Christ for my prethren." That primitive people. Undoubtedly much good has been done, but if you wish to run the risk of maknote has largely died out today. The Grenfell ing Dr. deSchweinitz weep, ask him about rein- deer in Alaska and rice culture in Nicaragua. Mission to the Labrador has captured the imagina- The story is making the rounds that the priest tion of the entire English-speaking world. Doc- and the Levite passed by on the other side because they were in a great hurry to get to Jericho to the tors and nurses by the score fight for the privilege convention which had for its major topic of dis- cussion: What can best be done for the world? of working a year or two with him. Whether im- There evidently are people who think it is time for humanitarians to do something besides talk. pelled by the love of adventure or the love of souls In Karl Mueller's "Gotteswirklichkeit und Re- -who can tell? Only one thing is certain: there ligion," he quotes this startling sentence from Zinzendorf: "The christianization of unconverted is not enough money in the possession of the heathen is a work of the devil and leaves them more unhappy and unholy." Christian world to carryon all foreign missions Humanism is a legitimate mission appeal-but in the world at the same rate of expense as it will largely fail of its purpose, unless the final motive is present. his Labrador mission which reaches only 12,000 The Reality of God people. Missionary zeal has in every case been the out- Certainly the humanitarian appeal for missions growth of and a result from the indwelling of God in human hearts by His Spirit. Cold hearts is legitimate. Humanism is always good. John have never responded to the Great Commission. Mere orthodoxy never started fires burning in for- Wesley said: "Do all the good you can, in all the eign parts. The intellectualism of culture has never set the world on fire. Scepticism, however ways you can and to all the people that you can." honest and genteel, has never carried the banner of the Cross into the far away and hard corners of Charity is always sweet. He who spoke the Par- the earth. The ancient Moravian Unity had no foreign missions. Bishop Comenius recognized able of the Good Samaritan always puts His bless- the duty, but the violent persecutions of the J es- uits made it impossible for them to undertake it. ing on it. Schiller once said: "Rousseau con- Dr. Glover, in the "Progress of World-wide Mis- sions," writes: "The Reformation was not misverted Christians into human beings." Nay, ver- sionary in character. Luther, Melanchthon, Cal- vin, Zwingli and Knox seemed to have had no ily, Christ did, long before Rousseau was born. serious sense of the responsibility for direct mis- sionary efforts in behalf of heathen or Moslem, But this is not the final motive for missions. though the Jesuits were carrying on extensive missions in the Orient." Humanism without evangelization has lost its For at least a century the Reformation Church proper motivation. Man needs God as much as he and its leaders were almost completely devoid of missionary spirit and effort-of course one might needs bread and more than clothes. And alone, ask what more one has a right to expect from those great men-giants indeed but yet human behumanism always fails as a missionary motive, ings, with human limitations.

for make your appeal solely on that and the next Julius Richter in his "Das Buch der Deutschen Weltm'ission" (pages 6 and 7) lists a number of thing you hear will be: "charity is mostly pallia- arguments against the legitimacy of foreign mis- sions dating from the period of the "benumbed"- tive, not curative. Sweet charity relieves the dis- he does not call it "dead"-orthodoxy, as: For missions, glossology and the power of miracles are tress of a few; it does not end the poverty and required; as long as God does not bestow these, missions are merely an impertinent interference misery of the many." You can answer: "But humanism is the expression of the inmost spirit of a real Christian and is also a means of exerting a good influence upon the recipient, possibly even of winning him for God." And then comes the reply: "Fine, but till you have exhausted your charity on the needy at home, you should not bother with the heathen." It is hard to answer this-so long as the discussion is based on human- ism only, exclusive of consideration of the spark of divinity in man.

The criticism of humanism for home lands and for missions is steadily gaining in volume. In "Thinking Missions with Christ," Dr. Zwemer says: "What we need today in missions is less comparative religion and more positive religion."

Toyohiko Kagawa of Japan opposes Lenin's fa- mous phrase, "Religion is the opiate of the people,"

by setting up the contrary standard: "Economics and religion are one. Without God there is no economics and no life." Kagawa is a Christian; he is also a leader of a social movement. He estab- lished a toothbrush factory, for instance, for the social welfare of his people. Yet he declares very positively that welfare work is not an effective remedy for pauperism. The Moravian Church has

with the plans of God. The Gospel was preached necessity is laid upon them-to give loyal, loving to the heathen by the Apostles; they refused it; obedience to the Saviour's last command – the hence neither God nor the Church need offer it the Great Commission. second time. The business of the Church is to preach the Word of God in the ordered congrega- If it will not be misinterpreted, I would like to tions; if the Bible is to be brought to the heathen, add a brief statement of the characteristically let that be the duty of the governments, etc. Moravian view of missionary zeal and power. As is well known, missionary zeal is Zinzendorf's con- There is a school of German Evangelical tribution to Moravianism. Credit must up to a thought about missions which explains the differ- certain point be given to the Lutheran Pietistic ence between the missionary and non-missionary influence upon him at Halle, where as a school boy Christians by one big word: Gotteswirklichkeit- he heard letters read from the Danish-Halle mis- "The reality of God." Persons who merely be- sionaries in India and met several of them perlieve in God may be good people, but only those sonally. But he owes them nothing with referwho have a sense of the reality of God are likely ence to the method and power of missions. Reto assume the responsibility and sacrifice for for- member that Zinzendorf, as a four-year-old boy, eign missions. Spinoza was not a Christian; the deeply loved the Saviour; he was then already Jews excommunicated him, but his amor intellec- overwhelmed with the reality of God in Christtualis Dei was so intense that he has been called that is only one part of the real Zinzendorf. For the God-intoxicated man. But he surely never the other part you must go to the famous picture dreamed of taking his kind of love of God to the gallery in Duesseldorf. See the rich, elegant, heathen. Most of us would probably join in the high-minded, marvelously gifted nobleman of prayer: "From philosophical love of God, deliver nineteen years stand before Domenico Feti's picus gracious Lord and God." The poet, the scien- ture of the thorn-crowned head of Christ. Beneath tist, the materialist and the humanist, all have is the text: "This have I suffered for thee; what their definition of God in his ineffable power and hast thou done for me?" glory – as "First Cause," "Bright Essence Incarnate," "Mobile Cosmic Ether," "Omnipotent In that dramatic moment, Zinzendorf fully real- Matter," "Man's Giant Shadow Skyward Thrown," ized the price paid by the Saviour for his salva- "Kindly Light," "the active relation between the tion; only by the Saviour's passion could Zinzenideal and the actual"-but no such faith in such a dorf be saved-or anybody else. From then on, God has ever been known to produce a loving sur- Jesus and His Cross were the only theme of Zinrender and dedication of life to Him. zendorf's thought and activity. The missionaries. however degraded the people to whom they went, All in all, while fully admitting the greatness were told to preach the passion of Christ for the and power of Gotteswirklichkeit, it seems that saving of souls. something more than this is necessary as the primal motive for foreign missions. Robert Speer, in his "The Finality of Christ" (page 148), says of the Moravians: "The doc- Wilhelm Bettermann finds the secret of Zinzen- trine of Christ's expiatory death and all-sufficient dorf's spiritual nature and his missionary enthu- merit has been, and must ever remain, the grand siasm at once in this: "He was simply over- means of conversion. The Moravian missionaries whelmed with the reality of God in Christ." "In at the present day make the atonement of Christ Christ" is his contribution to the search for the their continued theme. They attribute all their final missionary motive. But this is not Zinzen- success to their preaching of the death of our dorfianism or Moravianism only or primarily-it Saviour." Every word of that is true. Zinzenis the essence of all Christianity. Christ is Chris- dorf's personal experience of his personal salvatianity; "the Word was God"; the Word made tion in the passion of the Saviour (which for him flesh was Jesus Christ; Christ is God manifested was in entire agreement with Luther's and Paul's in human form; He came to reconcile the world justification by faith) so fired his heart with zeal unto Himself, to save the lost, to bring us unto for the conversion of souls that he risked his life God. The personal experience of this blessed truth to win souls for Jesus and inspired scores of -a profound conviction of its reality – that al- others to do the same. Listen to Zinzendorf draways was and ever will be the essence of Chris- matically cry out in the extreme of holy passion: tianity-it has always been the final motive for "More human beings must be saved. Bring missions. For such a salvation, in such a Saviour, heathen! Bring Christians! Bring men to the must be proclaimed at home and abroad. There is Saviour! If that is not possible in Christendom, a marvelous expansive power in such an experi- I will go to the heathen. We cannot help it, we ence. People with that experience have always cannot tie the Gospel to a chain." What a combeen missionaries and missionary supporters. For pelling force! Souls must be brought to the that experience produces a passion – an inward Saviour.

Fatimah Learned to Love'~

I I –eEf By MRS. PAUL W. HARRISON, Matrah, Arabia Jit– ~==========================~ C AN it be that I have learned to love this she poured her tale of bitterness and woe. The land? The dark mountains of Oman are doctor looked at her calmly and said, "Yes, you heartless and cruel. Death lurks in their have a heavy burden to carry; it is very heavy.

desolate valleys and rock strewn paths. The burn- And what you have said is true-your head is hot ing hills glare back at the everlasting sun and tell and you cannot bear this thing any longer. There man that he is futile and doomed. is only one thing I can tell you to do and that is to The days are busy ones. In the morning clinics give this all to Christ and let Him carry it for you. on the hospital veranda I meet many old friends. He will take out of your heart all this hate for One day Miriam slips in with the crowd and the other one and make you able to pity and love stands by my table. She is not carrying her babe, her." The doctor asked her to pray with him. So and my heart is seized with a sudden fear. I can- she repeated words after him and asked Christ not ask where is her little Zuwaan for I do not to take away her burden and give her love instead. want to hear the answer. The neighbor women "And from that moment the hate did leave me, volunteer the news. One day there had been a Khatune," said Fatimah. "Since then I have been quarrel among some women in the street near able to be patient and quiet, for my heart is light. Miriam's house, and Miriam was with her baby up I do not know how, but it is different now."

on the little roof. Wanting to see what the quarrel A few days later Fatimah's husband was taken was about, she left her little Zuwaan and went very ill. I went to call. At the door of the little down to look on. While she was gone the baby had room I stopped in surprise. For there, sitting gone too near the edge and had fallen to the against the pillows was Fatimah and with her ground. was the other wife. Little Moosa was toddling Miriam lifts her hands in a gesture of helpless- back and forth between them. I looked into Fatiness but says no word. "It was written over her," mah's eyes and she smiled back at me. She had kept her promise to God that she would show love comforts one woman. to the one she had always hated. How great was Fatimah comes for her lesson. Her face has a her victory only God can know. look of contentment it has never known before. And I am not surprised when she says she wants The winter months bring showers of life-giving to tell me of something that has made a change rain to Arabia. In Oman most of the water rushes in her. One day she heard that her husband's down the hard, dry hills and through the stony other wife was to come into her neighborhood to beds to the sea, but some of it sinks into the little call. In fact, some friend had been so thoughtless hollows and sloping ground. Then a miracle is as to invite them both at the same time. This was given to us that we may see and believe. Where more than Fatimah could stand. All her pent-up all was bare and brown there are now soft shades hatred burst its bounds. A terrible rage seized of green and tiny blossoms look up to the hills. her. Like one mad she screamed and cursed and Through all the months of heat and drought the threatened. Her husband beat her and then fled. seeds waited. Life was there though it could not Determined to make a complaint before someone develop and grow. It needed only the nourishment she strode out of her house. of heavenly rain to let that life become beautiful and strong. "No judge will hear me rightly," she thought. "Why do I try to get help in this place? I am a In all this barren land, strewn as it is with stranger and I have no friends." rocks of evil and unbelief, there are seeds of Life. We cannot see them and it would do no good to Without knowing why, she turned in to the search for them. But when the gentle rain of hospital gate. "I shall tell this to the Hakeem. God's knowledge and mercy is given them they He will hear me." spring up and blossom. God has created seed to grow and hearts to love and nothing can with- Coming from a sick call the doctor found Fati- stand the purposes of His grace. Even the desert mah sitting on the sand by the gate. Into his ears * Condensed from Neglected A.'abia. shall rej oice and blossom.

[186 ]

THE GOOD SHEPHERD GANESH, THE' HINDU GOD OF

Undergirding the Christian Home By MISS CLEMENTINA BUTLER, Boston, Massachusetts ~- Chairman of the Committee on Christian Literature for Womm and Children in Mission Fields, Inc.

THE Phylactery which the Orthodox Jew binds the sacred name of Jehovah appears under a glass upon his forehead and on his arm in Sabbath in a little case nailed on the door post. Orthodox worship contains a parchment on which is Jews touched their lips to this as they passed in the summary law of God as given in Deuteronomy. and out of the door. The divine command is that this law shall be upon their hearts; shall be bound as a sign upon their The child in an Orthodox Jewish home is still hands and for frontlets between their eyes. (Deu- taught the law of the Lord found in the Old Testateronomy 6: 4-9.) The third part of the command ment which is the law of the household. This is less familiar to us and yet to the Orthodox Jew foundation laying may have much to do with the it is just as binding: "And thou shalt write them persistence of the race in spite of the age-long upon the door posts of thine house and upon thy persecutions. What might be the result if in gates." The literal obedience to this command every Christian home there were a faithful teachmay be seen by anyone admitted to intimacy in ing of the law and the Gospel? There might be an Orthodox Jewish home. The parchment with less of modern self~expression and more respect for "Thus saith the Lord." Is there any doubt [187 ]

but that this would result in greater happiness the English edition which may later help to adorn for our children and for the higher development a vernacular edition. of their Christian characters? A new form of service came to the attention of The task of the parents to instill the right ideas this Literature Committee when one of its memof God and obedience to His law into the minds bers stood in a muhalla where ten or twelve famof children is,.a heroic endeavor anywhere. In a ilies live in one compound. The missionary non-Christian community, where false ideas are escorting the visitor said: "These are all Chriscommon, the task is doubly difficult. Public opin- tians and all the children attend Sunday school. ion outside must be combated by careful teaching These humble folk come from low castes but now at home, if the truths of the Christian faith which belong to the Christian fold which acknowledges the parents have accepted is to command the no caste." Later, going into the one-room hut loyalty of the children. When this is not done the which served as the home for one of these famresult is apt to be like that reported by a mission- ilies, we were surprised to see on the mud walls ary from CeYlon who found the grandchildren of pictures of the gods of Hinduism-Ganesh with Christian converts from Hinduism slipping back his elephant head, Kali with her necklace of skulls, to the harmful beliefs and practices of ancient the five-headed cobra god and the sacred monkeys. faiths by which they were surrounded. This was indeed a startling revelation-to find the gods of Hinduism in a Christian home! In an- The Committee on Christian literature for swer to our exclamation of surprise the father of Women and Children in Mission Fields, Inc. has the family replied that they did not believe in been studying this problem. How can a Christian those gods any longer, but that they were "pretty home be made so attractive that the children will decorations." Looking around on the mud walls, not be tempted to leave it to attend idolatrous thatched roofs, the bare compound, one realized Hindu festivals and processions? It seems to be that there was nowhere any spot of beauty to well authenticated that one-third of all the chil- meet the color-loving eye of the Oriental. What dren who learn to read in the primary schools of could two hours of training in Sunday school do India, lapse into illiteracy within five years after to overcome the effect of seeing for the whole leaving school. Here is a need to be met. Whole- week long cheap chromos of these idols in the some literature has been issued by Christian brilliant colors? On his wages of ten or fifteen agencies for adults, for stUdents, for educated cents a day the father could not afford much in folk and some excellent magazines have been pro- the way of gifts for his children. One of these vided for little children, but for the 'teen-age "pretty" idolatrous pictures could be bought for youngsters, in that most difficult period when one anna (about two and a half cents). No Christheir awakening minds need mental food, little tian pictures could be found at any such low price. had been attempted, until this Committee began the publication of a magazine for youth. It con- To overcome this difficulty, the Committee has tains simple scientific articles; histories of the solicited gifts in America to pay for lithograph great men of India and other lands; clean whole- stories of the lovely Christian pictures so familsome stories, puzzles and contests that help iar in our homes. The initial expense having mothers to keep their children contented in the been met, these Christian pictures can be sold Christian home. So great was the success in India at the one anna price, with something of the English edition that there was a demand left for a "turnover." for vernacular issues. A missionary is set apart for editing the English edition of the Treasure God clearly led our Committee in India to issue Chest. With comparatively small expenditure of for the first of the series the picture of Christ as time and effort busy missionaries in other lan- the Good Shepherd. This 'appears just when the guage areas, with a small grant of money from startling announcement is made that the reprethis Committee, are able to issue vernacular edi- sentatives of the sixty million Untouchables have tions, translating from the English Treasure openly declared their intention to abandon the Chest what is suitable for their people and adding Hinduism which so debased them, has denied them local color. The magazine is now published in entrance into their temples and has left them Urdu, Marathi, Tamil, Kanarese, Gujarathi, without hope. These Untouchables are now ad- Hindi, Bengali, and Telegu. It has even crossed vised to seek a new religion which will give them the Bay of Bengal where a Burmese edition is greater liberty and greater hope. Christian workissued from Rangoon. The economy of this plan ers who go to the seeking millions with their inby which suitable reading matter is provided for vitation to enter the Christian fold will find a these 'teen-aged children is not only in the stories strong appeal in this picture of Christ who, inand articles which may be adapted, but in the ex- stead of the terrifying form of an elephantchange of cuts and fancy covers which appear in headed god, is presented as the friend of little children and as the good Shepherd who goes out

INDIAN HILL STATES IN NEED

to look for His lost sheep. These people know and distribution of seven thousand free copies of that they are weak and this picture shows the the Good Shepherd picture to workers among tenderness of the Saviour as he carries the frail these, His other sheep, so helping them, through little lamb in his arms. Above all the children the eyegate as well as the eargate, to understand hear His loving recognition of their right to come His loving invitation to follow Him. to Him who says: "Other sheep have I which are not of this fold. Them also I must bring, and The need for such help for our Christian homes there shall be one fold and one shepherd." is proven already by the sales of this picture. Without much advertising or any agents to push There is today an unprecedented opportunity the sales, the number bought in the first five presented to missionaries of Christ in this start- .months since it was issued amounts to the astonling action of the leaders of the Untouchables. ishing figure of thirteen thousand copies. Two The Literature Committee therefore felt that in- other pictures are being prepared for the Easter stant action was necessary and has already sent season, one of the Crucifixion and the other of the word to India authorizing the immediate printing Resurrection.

Indian Hill States in Need* By GEORGE HART Home Secretary of India-Northwest Mission THERE are 500 Indian States (usually called a hearing. We saw two of the "almost persuaded" Native States) which are without the Gos- yesterday. One asked for prayer that Christ pel. Those which we shall mention are Hill might become as real to him as He is to us. This States in the Panjab. To show general conditions, individual work has great possibilities, and was let us say something first about a residential the chief method of the early Christians.

station around which evangelization is being car- And now a contrast. Last Sunday, as we started ried on. out, we saw some men making idols of clay. We Around this station little groups of houses are asked if these things were really for worship.

found here and there, something like a village. It While we were speaking, a voice hailed us from takes some tramping to visit thoroughly, but the the road above, for an Indian does not stand on people have to be reached. Every means is de- 'ceremony if he wants to know something.· The vised for convincing and converting. As we go man enquired why we should wish to keep anyone out in the morning we pass the local temple and from any object of worship, but, after being an- hear sounds like children rattling tin cans. "They swered, he scrambled down the bank, saying, "I are wakening their gods," says an evangelist. We should like to know anyone who can lead me to who know the living God whose ear is ever open God."

to our cry feel constrained anew to get the knowl- He was a Sikh who had newly come to the dis- edge of Him spread abroad. In an open space, trict. It was plain that what impressed him most amid some farm houses, after a few calls by the was our clear testimony that this Jesus, who is missionary, which carry far in the clear air, men called Christ, had brought peace to our souls, and begin to appear. The women come too, for these assurance which no "religion" brings. We insist hill women are not so retiring as those· of the that we are not merely bringing to them "another plains. As the message proceeds we notice a late- religion," but the one and only salvation. This comer hurrying to hear it. Sounds had reached cannot be too clearly stated,or too often, for the him, and he knew we had come again with the effect on them is noticed over and over again. We Word of Life. had some notable decisions' in this place.

Truly this is a religious people, but it will take "I would not like to climb that mountain to pour something very persistent to break them from milk on it," said a friend, as he walked with me.

their age-long superstitions. "Nothing shall be He had climbed it on a previous occasion to visit impossible"-it never has been impossible, any- Indians at one of their religious gatherings, doing where. And the people here listen. One wonders his best to bring them to Christ. But what was if our forefathers in pagan Britain gave so good on his mind when he remarked about going up to

"pour milk on it"? On a previous day we were came to the last State on our list and found our out among the villagers round the base of the busy evangelist, himself an ex-Mohammedan.

mountain, and heard that a trial was to be held The postmaster of a chief village, a few mile~ in the open before an idol. A man had lost three from our starting point, tells me he has "a great sons in one month, and the gathering was for the respect for Jesus Christ." He is typical of many purpose of finding out why the god was angry, of the better educated Indians, who, for one rea- and what was to be done. We shall never forget son or another, have dipped into the Bible and the scene. The bereaved man sat among the crowd seen a Person who strangely attracts them. It of leading men from the villages. The priest of may be that they have read to see why we wor- the little temple containing the idol worked him- ship Him. A Hindu Sadhu with plastered brow, self into the state of a spiritist medium, though "searching for salvation," has never heard of not losing consciousness. Shaking violently, he Christ. He cannot read but is hoping for some- began in a shrill voice to speak from the "god." thing in the next transmigration-that blight on (Very plainly it was from the devil.) First, the the mind of India. They believe that their souls bereaved man was told that he must bestow two must go through innumerable other bodies and goats and some money to ward off further evil. then go out they know not where, when they have (Eventually this was brought down to one goat thus purged their lives of sin. To shorten the proc- and a rupee-and-a-quarter. Perhaps the god knew ess, or to have better rebirths, is their one hope.

what he could pay!) Amid the babblings of the We do the best we can for the poor man.

medium-in which the chopping and changing of We enter one Native State, and find the offi- his commands made it plain that the "father of cials more than friendly. Not only is every fa- lies" was at work-one thing seemed clear and cility given for the preaching of the Gospel, the that was that the god was angry with the district head-men all attending, but the missionaries are because the people had departed from the custom made welcome to come and stay at any time, and of their forefathers who used to climb the moun- as long as possible, in free premises. The ripe- tain and pour milk on the top of it every time a ness of this place, from which many villages can calf was born. This would have to be resumed. be reached, is very striking, and we ask most The whole episode was a spur to us to do every- earnest prayer for it.

thing possible to rescue these benighted people, Trekking in India bears its own reward, taking though it is shameful that people in our own en- one to places where there are no roads, revealing lightened land have begun to consult mediums the need, and giving opportunities of witness too. which may reach far and wide. For instance, at The people were suspicious of us at first, and a village at the entrance to the State, where an wanted none of our Gospel. Now we can go any- audience of fifty quickly gathered, we found on where with acceptance, save among such a gath- enquiry that there were men present from places ering as we have described. When we were seen as far apart as Rampur and Baltistan (a distance approaching, men came and barred our way. One of nearly 500 miles) for the Indians are great said, "If this were a marriage, you might come trekkers too. Who can tell where the seed of the very happily and preach, but this is a special Gospels sold and the earnest preaching may take affair." root? The priest of the village took one of our Across the road from the mission hall sits a Gospels.

fakir under an arbor-a "holy man." Our evan- Another scene: two ash-smeared and almost gelist found him the other evening drunk and naked Sadhus (holy men) are lying by the road- cursing. This evangelist is the son of a Bible- side. What a sight they make! Our hearts are woman and is a tireless itinerator with the Gos- moved with pity at the delusion of these men, pel. He is now sought out by men, notably Sikhs, making for far away Hardwar, and hoping by in the mission hall. A gentle, quiet man in private, their very discomfort to please some kind of god.

his liberty of speech on the Great Theme is very Now comes a contrast. It is worth a few miles of fine. walking at the other side of the State to visit a A recent tour showed the needy condition in promising Sikh household. We are struck by its other parts of these Hill States. Two of our mis- cleanliness and by our kindly reception by its in- sionaries and the writer did a round of 150 miles mates. There is a reason, the man is regularly through various States. Our mode of travel was reading a Hindi Bible supplied by the workers, on foot, our baggage on mules. Nowhere did we and is not far from the Kingdom. The evangelist find any open enmity to the Message. Many a sells Gospel after Gospel on the way back. This time there was an intense hearing, everywhere sowing of the seed will not be in vain. God says need, but nowhere any settled witness until we it will not.

Experiences in

Extracts from Letters of Mr. and Mrs. Merle Anderson Missionaries of the Africa Inland Mission, Bulke, Gofa Ethiopia is so much in our minds and on our hearts sion chore boys, but all the neighbors come who are free at that hour. Then clinic patients arrive, these days that an intimate view of missionary life there ahead of office hours, and vendors of chickens, eggs and wood, drop in to hear God's Book read. as told in home letters of Rev. and Mrs. Merle Anderson, Among the greatest obstacles to the Gospel are a young couple at Bulke, the capital of Gofa Province, devil worship and belief in demon possession. One lad of about twenty, whom the natives called will be of interest. E. B. D. P. "possessed," came one day to the family prayer hour. He had been wandering about in a dazed ETHIOPIA is composed of a number of tribes condition, crawling in the tall grass like a hunted or "nations," each with its own native king animal, and slipping out at nights into the jungle or chief over whom reigns His Imperial Maj- where wild animals prowl. The missionaries esty, Hailie Selassie, King of Kings. The actual joined in the hunts for him, and finally a contact control in each of these provinces rests in the hands of a man appointed by the Emperor. He IF ETHIOPIA WERE PART OF THE UNITED STATES may be called a Governor, a Rass, a Dejaz Match or a Fiterarie as the Emperor may decree, titles representing different degrees of authority.

About half a century ago the independent tribe or nation of Gofa Province, with its boy king, by conquest became a part of the empire of Ethiopia.

The little king was educated at Addis Ababa, and now is as much of a world citizen as his surround- ings admit. Mr. and Mrs. Anderson, of the Sudan Interior Mission, say that on their first visit the young king pumped them nearly dry, seeking in- formation regarding the outside world of politics.

When a second visit followed the missionaries had an opportunity to speak of spiritual matters of deepest interest to them, and presented the ruler with a copy of the Gospel of Mark in Gofa and a pamphlet of Scripture quotations called "God Hath Spoken." The king is a reader and grate- Ethiopia superimposed on a map of the United States; shaded fully accepted the gifts which the Andersons are portions represent early Italian inroads, showing the relation of praying may plant seeds of truth that will take occupied territory to whole of country, In size and terrain root quickly, for the king is in failing health. Ethiopia resembles the States of California, Nevada and Utah.

Summer in America comes at the winter or was made that resulted in the boy attending mornrainy season in Ethiopia. It is marked by no zero ing prayer gatherings regularly. He asked other weather or frozen lakes but by cold rains, when boys to call him if he was not present when the the sun fails to pierce the clouds and fog for days Bible reading began. Soon a noticeable change at a time. The thatched roof houses are seldom came over him. There were no more hideous and waterproof and unheated homes 8,600 feet up in terrifying facial expressions; even the usual listthe air stay chilly and damp for weeks. When the less and sullen looks disappeared. One morning dry season comes, the missionaries take the op- he testified that a great joy had come into his portunity to make sundried bricks to mend their heart and that he had been healed of his malady.

walls and enlarge their living quarters. The proc- With a beaming face he. said, using the native ess of brick-making is primitive. Barefooted na- form of speech, "I have taken hold of God's Book."

tives tramp around in wet holes ten foot square, He gave God all the glory. The kalecha or devil making mud puddles as smooth as custard. Then doctor who had been impoverishing the boy's fa- they work in chopped straw and set the mixture ther at last lost his power over him.

in molds to dry in the sun. The native religion is animistic, consisting of As soon as the new missionaries begin to learn sacrifices offered to certain trees, reading por- the language, family morning prayers on the hill- tents from the entrails of slaughtered animals and top become a community affair. Not only the mis- the contours of broken stones. Sickness is treated [191 ]

in Ethiopia by burning the body with hot coals or the stations located in the various provinces to irons, and the devilmen are the only doctors work first of all among the native provincials. called to cure disease and various perplexities. The Amharas are mostly Coptic Christians and as such are faithful in their various rituals, keep- The fondness of the Ethiopians for wild ani- ing of fast days, giving alms, etc., "a form of mals as pets and the custom of giving them the godliness but denying the power thereof." In the run of the house is not an exaggeration of sensa- various provinces among the pagans you find varitional writers. Mr. and Mrs. Anderson tell of a ous forms of devil worship, offering sacrifices to visit to the Governor of Gofa, in response to an sacred trees, killing of animals and reading their invitation to dinner. The parents rode horseback intestines, breaking of stones and reading them, and took along their year-old baby, carried by na- fearing and so worshiping various animals, feartive boys in his "perambulator" slung on bamboo ing the rain god or the sun god and so paying poles. The Governor's home seemed like a small money to have rain or sun; also devil men, bezoo, with lion cubs, a leopard, monkeys and witchers and such like. strange birds wandering at will. It "was almost too much to expect the missionaries to be atten- We find ourselves in the midst of altogether tive and responsive table conversationalists while about twenty native hunts, the people consisting lion cubs only two weeks out of the jungle were of a strange combination of native Gofas and showing interest in their excited little baby. When "would-be" Amharas. These people, while Gofas the meat course was brought on, the animals and descendants of true Gofas, have a desire to poked their noses into the ribs of those at table, be Amharas and so claim they are Amharas; in and growled! The baby was fascinated, and cried some cases they base their claims on an Amharic when the servant switched the cubs for getting mother, or perhaps father, and in other instances too friendly and drove them out. He would not just simply because they have learned to speak be comforted, so that the Governor ordered them Amharic and keep the fasts and feasts, which to be brought back. Later, when a large lion was every true Amhara must do. Of course this means brought in, two guards with clubs took their posi- that they have been baptized by the Coptic priest. tions by the baby's "pram." The beast sprawled So among these people we find the strange mixon the floor, while the cubs jumped and rolled on ture of observing fasts and feasts as well as folhim to the accompaniment of the baby's delighted lowing the ancient pagan forms of devil worship. gurgles. The parents thought that surely this lion had been brought up in the bosom of the Our larger work is all through this language family from cubhood; but no, it was a recent cap- speaking area. The people are scattered about in ture! The visit was not prolonged beyond the small villages, a village of one hundred houses requirements of courtesy, and they were relieved being rare, so that the bulk of the work must be to find when they left for home that the leopard done by itinerating. This is done by choosing a at the gate was tied. good settlement; then we pick up tent and pro- visions and settle in such places for a week or Emperor Hailie Selassie is doing everything ten days, visiting among the people and holding possible to put an end to slave trading. Punish- daily meetings. ment is swift for any slave raiders who are caught, but this type of banditry is difficult to We experienced a very happy occasion when eradicate in a mountainous country, sparsely set- the first Gofa converts made public confession of tled. The Emperor eagerly desires the best for his their faith in Christ and were baptized. Two people, and welcomes missionaries with their Gos- brothers, Sonkura and Sucka, sons of a slave, and pel and their medical help. the other, Simberu, himself a slave, were the first to seek baptism and after being thoroughly ex- On the day when Ethiopia's cry for help was amined by Mr. Ohman, were publicly baptized to be considered by the League of Nations, all the after the Sunday morning service with some thirmissionaries in Addis Ababa, and their groups of ty or more witnesses. Sucka and Simberu have Christians and adherents in their several stations, been active in going out to various places where were asked to join with the Emperor and his the true Light has never gone and telling God's household and loyal subjects in fasting and prayer. Word. One Sunday recently we were out in a new section, and having stopped at a house where *** a small crowd had gathereJ, we told some of the old, old story; we then asked if they had ever We are located in the midst of a small hilltop heard it before, wondering if perhaps the Ohmans settlement, the only suitable location available might have been there, when the man of the house at the time the mission came here. We were replied, "Yes, two black boys were here one Sunoffered a location in Bulke but this was very unde- day not long ago." sirable because the capitals are always filled with Amharas, the ruling class. It is the purpose of Remember this work in your prayers.

Ngombi-A Black Man With a White Soul*

–tEl I By CASA COLLIER, M.D., Nashville, Tennessee I)at- ~===!.I NGOMBI was my gun bearer on hunts in the them knew Jesus. There were thirteen boys in Cameroun. I walked beside him for nearly this group and twelve of them had never heard of two months in that grass country and even Christ. One boy thought he had heard of him, but now at times, in that dreamy state that comes be- did not know who he was nor from whom he had tween sleep and consciousness, it seems as if I heard of him. With the assistance of Ngombi, I can see 'mid the shimmering heat waves his round, told these boys the story of Christ. Some of them kinky head and broad black back, shining and wet scampered away for their parents or for other from the sweat of the terrible heat. boys, and before long we had most of the village At the end of my hunting trip I asked Ngombi attending this little service. if there was any message that I could take my One Sunday morning at the church in Bafia, the missionary in charge, Mr. Anderson, asked me to people. He lifted me in his great black arms and talk to these people about Palestine. I went into then as he stood me again upon my feet he gave the great thatched church and with his aid as me the message, which is the same that has rung interpreter told them of Bethlehem and Nazareth down through the ages, "Come over and help us." and Galilee which I had visited. Two years before Ngombi's message to you is this, "My people need this time these people of Bafia were almost unyour help very much-without i.t we sit in sin touched by Christianity-yet I saw more than a and darkness; with it we will be free." thousand of these "savages" gathered to worship on Sunday morning. I heard them as they sang: When we left the Bulu country and went into the grass country, this black man went along with a song and a shout, and a smile upon his broad A never-dying soul to save, and fit it for the sky.

black face. He was happy; I was happy too, A charge to keep I have, a God to glorify.

because I was realizing the dream of a lifetime- I turned to Mr. Anderson and said, "If I had hunting in Africa-and I thought that Ngombi not seen it, I could not have believed that these was happy for the same reason. I did not find people could so quickly have been brought under out until several weeks later that he was com- an influence that would make them know that they bining his hunting trip with a missionary trip. had a never-dying soul to save." His answer was, When we went into the little villages, after "Doctor, only one thing could do it, and that is Ngombi had seen to it that we were properly quar- Christ." This truth impressed me greatly on all tered, he would always be gone for a while. I sides while in that mission field. saw him with his little gatherings on the edge of I wish you could see the offering taken in an numerous villages and I thought that he was tell- African mission church. I have tried to be liberal ing stories or merely visiting sociably. When I in my financial support of the Church and for asked him why he was so happy, he told me of his years have been a tither, but I admit that I never long desire to bring this Christian message to saw the plate passed while in Africa that I did not these people and now he was realizing his long- blush for shame when I thought of how little I wished-for opportunity. He was not merely chat- and the average member of my church had conting with his friends as he sat with them at the tributed. In Cameroun everybody contributes. edge of the village, he was telling them the story Even if they have no money, what they have goes of Jesus. into the collection-peanuts, palm kernels, sugar One afternoon while I was sitting in a little cane, eggs, pineapples, bananas, occasionally a dusty village watching some boys scrape some chicken or a duck; an~ once in a while a goat is skins of animals just killed-Mbiam had brought tied to a tree near by waiting to be taken after me a cup of orange juice-Ngombi came and stood the service.

by, and with him as interpreter I talked with the One of the servants of a missionary had seen boys. After asking them numerous questions and the missionary wear some green-striped pajamas answering many of theirs, I asked how many of and had secretly longed for them. In the due course of time he fell heir to them and the follow- Mi•ssFiornosm, Ua. Sle.aAfl.et printed by the Presbyterian Board of Foreign ing Sunday he proudly marched down the center [193 ]

aisle of the church wearing them. After service used the adz, the lever and the saw, their artisans he carefully wrapped them in a banana leaf and were making jewelry and glassware, some of stored them away in the eaves of his little thatched which are marvels today, but Egypt is gone. Conhut. Every day he unwrapped them and sat in fucius could. not maintain a civilization, Mothe sun by his hut admiring them. The following hammed could not do it, but Christ can. Sunday the pajama pants were put in the collection plate. Upon being questioned as to why these These people in Africa are just as much entitled pants were so disposed of, his reply was, "I loved to Christianity as are our people. The fact that them so much that I knew it would be a sin for they are black did not in the least lessen the sufme to keep them, so I gave them to the Church." fering of Christ on the cross-his pain and agony I am quite sure that I have never made such a were as much for them as for us. I wish you coufd sacrificial gift, but when our giving begins to be see the difference that Christianity makes in these made upon such a basis the financial problems of people. I visited in towns that had been under our Church and mission field are solved. the influence of Christianity and then I visited in others where the Christian influence had not yet Ze Tonga, who works for the Beanlands, is one come. What would you mothers think of selling of the finest Christian characters I have ever met. your ten- or twelve-year-old daughters into a slave On one occasion, while the missionaries were on marriage? This is a common custom in Africa. furlough, he went back to his native town to What would you wives think of being sold if you preach. When the Beanlands returned, Ze Tonga did not altogether please your husband? For went back to Metet to resume his duties there. He twelve or fifteen dollars' worth of trade goods, one told Mr. Beanland of the need for a native can buy a girl in Africa and thirty dollars' worth preacher in his town, but no native preacher could of trade goods will buy a very good wife. Women be sent, as there was no money. Ze Tonga said, are bought and sold just as are dogs or goats. "How much are you paying me?" "Thirty-five Christ puts an end to this and to the unspeakable francs per month," was the answer. Ze Tonga's things that accompany such traffic. Other things reply was, "Pay me fifteen francs and we will get too numerous and too horrible to mention cannot a preacher to go for the balance." Now there is be abolished by anything except Christianity; just a preacher in that town and Ze Tonga has the joy as sin cannot be cured by legislation, but only by of knowing that his townspeople are Christians the Spirit of Christ. and are having the same joy in it that he has. One of the most pitiful things that I saw in Membership in the Church on the mission field Africa was a great strong man dying with fever, means a great deal more than in America. When clutching his spear in his hand, raving in his dea native becomes a candidate for membership, he lirium, fearful that the evil spirits would take must live on probation for a year or two and him before he was dead. His three wives were demonstrate his ability to be a Christian. At the disfiguring their bodies with clay and ashes, makend of the probationary period, if satisfactory, he ing all kinds of incantations to their gods, screamis admitted. If membership in my church was ing in the agony of fear at the approach of death gauged by the same requirements as exist there, -what a horrible, unspeakably sad thing for this the roll in my church would be nearer one hun- man to go out into the darkness with no hope dred than three thousand. other than his spear clutched frantically in his dying hand! How different was the death of Ngo I wonder how many of you have any idea of Ntoto! This man had been a native pastor for what a leper colony is like? his own people. His life was an inspiration to hundreds of others, both black and white, and Those who are a little cool in their belief re- when his time came to reap the reward of his garding foreign missions should visit a mission labors he gathered his family about him for field. After such a visit they would entirely change prayers, and then asked them to sing. His wife their views regarding the necessity of foreign stood holding one hand, and on the other side of missions. Many say, "This black man has his own his little bamboo bed stood his stalwart son holdform of worship-let him stick to it; it will suffice ing the other. They sang "Nearer My God to for him." I defy you to name a single country Thee" and as the song was nearing the end, he where Christianity is not known and generally ac- closed his eyes and was heard to say, "M'bolo cepted that has not already decayed or that is not Jesus, Zambe, M'bolo," which is the Bulu salutain the process of deterioration. While Abraham's tion saying, "Good morning, Jesus, Master, good forefathers were living in goatskin tents in the morning." desert, the Egyptians were living in palaces. They

Bedouin Women in North

-e( I By the late ARTHUR v. LILEY of Tunis I)a- ~==========================~ I N THE Mohammedan world none has a harder the work in the tent. They are sent to the wells for life of cruelty and drudgery than the Bedouin water and to the forest for wood, a small goat- woman, "the daughter of the tent." No cries skin bottle of water or a load of wood being placed of joy are heard, neither is a profusion of com- upon her back, according to her size and strength. pliments paid to the father when an unwelcome These are occasions of great joy for they mean little stranger, a girl, comes into the world. When getting away from the restraint of the tent and the little one is able to amuse her father with her the severity of the father. While the girls wander childish prattle, some notice may be taken of her, into the woods and fields, the old women sit tobut soon he becomes tired of his new toy and the gether and talk over the news and scandal of the child takes her despised place among the women. camp or tribe. The fathers of families are charged to teach Later the girls learn to weave the tent covering, their children the duty of the creature towards plait the palm leaf, or haIfa grass baskets, make God and the rules that they should follow in liv- the rough pottery, milk the cows and goats, saddle ing among their fellowmen. But being themselves the beasts of burden, and to put up and take too brutal and corrupt to worthily fulfil the diffi- down the tent. The tent is made up of a number cult part of examples to their children, the fathers of feloudj sown together. These consist of camel hasten to send the girl to the work of the tent, and goat's hair spun with the fiber that surrounds abandoning her at a tender age to her natural in- the palm root, and are woven into long strips stincts and the evil effects of bad influences. about two and a half feet wide and eight or ten Often the little girl is struck in a revolting and yards long. They are not unlike cocoa-nut matbrutal manner in order that the father may obtain ting of a dark color, without pattern or design. absolute silence, passive obedience and respect. A pole eight or nine feet long holds up the middle All through life she is exposed to all kinds of in- of the tent while a number of cords, attached to justice from her father, brother or husband. pegs, keep it fixed to the ground. Shorter sticks At a tender age children are left to themselves, are used to prop up the tent in order to give more half naked, spending whole days without any space and allow the inhabitants to move about guardian in the fields or woods to mind the flocks without continually bending. All the tents of the and herds. It is then that they learn those de- camp are the same and only vary in size and state plorable habits of lying, thieving, cruelty and the of preservation. disdain for all things respectable and refined. In the center of the tent and at the base of the Without religious or moral education and with supporting pole are placed two or three large nothing in their minds or hearts but vain forms sacks, called telles, which contain provisions of of prayer and empty politeness, they are aban- wheat, barley or dates for the family for a fortdoned to their natural instincts, and know no re- night or so. In the same place is a large trunk in straint or governing power. Conscience being al- which are kept the family clothing and jewelry. most dead, they have little idea of right and The furniture of the tent is very primitive, conwrong, good and evil. Lying is such a familiar sisting of a few haIfa grass mats spread on the habit among the Bedouin Arabs that everything ground, two or three woolen coverings, some becomes doubtful, even their duty. earthenware pots and pans, a few wooden spoons and the sieves for sifting the coarse wheat flour Most of these young people live far away from which forms their staple food. Everything in the all refining or Christian influences. In the cities tent must roll up or be such that it can easily be some of these young Arabs are being reached by means of mission classes and schools; and natives, packed and placed on the backs of the beasts of seeing the difference in the girls who have come burden to be carried to the new camping ground. under the influence of Christian teaching, have sought some of them for wives, rather than take When evening arrives, the children and old women lie down to sleep side by side. The master those who have been brought up in ignorance. of the tent lets down the feloudj which forms the From a very early age the girls among the coun- door of the tent; then he seeks his mat and try Arabs are accustomed to take their share of woolen covering on which to rest. For him the [195 ]

night is one long watch. With his head turned five times of prayer daily, the fast month of Ratowards the flocks, his pistol under his pillow and madian, the tithes and gifts demanded from his gun by his side, he is ready to rush out at the hardly earned harvest. After all this has been least noise-it may be a thief, a jackal or some faithfully observed he has no "sure and certain other enemy. The wolfish looking dogs with sharp hope" but looks forward with fear and trembling teeth help the Arab in his watch for by the man- to the day of judgment, faintly hoping "the merciner of their barking or the inflexion of their ful, the compassionate" will deal lightly with his voices, he is able to tell whether the intruder is many misdeeds and admit him into Paradise after an animal, a distant passing stranger or one or the intercession of Mohammed. more thieves. It is only when twilight begins to appear, that the master of the tent is able to fall To these people we gladly carry the message of asleep. blessed hope in Christ. It has not always been casting the seed by the wayside, and yet how sad It is a hard life, hard in every sense of the it is to hear some women say, "we have no minds, word. The Bedouin child is born on the hard we are no better than the cows." But we go on ground, in a tent exposed to all varieties of preaching the Gospel of Christ, for it is "the weather and lives on food often coarse and scanty. power of God unto salvation to everyone that be- The life is hard, for the Arab is in continual fear lieveth." Pray that God will thrust forth more from all kinds of enemies, difficulties and dangers. laborers into the harvest field and that all things Evan Islam, his religion, gives little or no consola- needful may be supplied "according to His riches tion, for it also deals hardly with him, with its in Glory by Christ Jesus."

A MOSLEM LEARNS THAT GOD IS LOVE I am a Mohammedan, as were my fathers before me. My cr~ed is: "There is no god but God, and Mohammed is the prophet of God." I scorn idolators, I pray five times a day, I fast one month in the year, I have made the pilgrimage to Mecca.

Further, I am an Arab; I fear nothing. I am ready to kill unbelievers, as my fathers did.

The other day I was sitting in a coffee shop when a foreigner passed by. I had never met him but people told me that he was a missionary. I cursed him under my breath. But he must have heard me for he turned around, stopped, came back, and sat down on the bench be- side me.

"Peace be upon you," he said, and I had to reply in kind.

"I have been looking for you," he said.

"Do you know me?" I replied.

"No," he said, "but my Master told me this morning to go and find some one who was cursing me."

"And what did He tell you to do then?" I said.

"Why," said he, "He told me to bless you. And so I want to assure you that I hope that Allah will give you all health and happiness."

"But who is this Master of yours?" I said. "Jesus Christ," he answered. "But are you a Christian?" I asked again.

"Well," he said, "my Master said that by this we are known as His disciples, if we have love one for another. . . . for God is Love."

He went away; but his words have been ringing in my ears. I am afraid of such a Christian.

Prayer: Oh, Allah, I have prayed to Thee thousands of timeS, but I have not heard Thy voice till this morning. Art Thou really Love? And -dost Thou l()ve me? Then I have. been all wrong in my thoughts of Thee. Teach me what Thou truly art.,' Amen. .

ABDULLAH BIN HUSSEIN.

Pioneering A

A Sketch of George Grenfell and Sir Wilfred Grenfell -~~I!~~_B_Y~L_._S_._H_O_G_E=N_B_O_O~M_,_p_r_in_ce_t_on_'_N~._J.~~~(I~- THE name Grenfell today, to ninety-nine mis- not swept away by the madness of these frantic sionary-minded people out of a hundred, years but who has carried on his work of healing means Sir Wilfred Grenfell of Labrador. His in an obscure field, unmoved by the materialism name calls up visions of a rocky, ice-bound coast, of our day~ of bleak, wind-swept wastes, and of a beloved physician ministering to poor, hard-working, fish- These two men differ widely in background. erfolk-such is the efficacy of the printed word! George's parents moved to Birmingham when he was three years of age and his youth was spent in But in England fifty years ago the name Gren- a dirty factory town in the midst of the abuses of fell would bring up far different visions. Instead the industrial system. Wilfred's father was a of the bitter cold of the Nor,th Atlantic the mind schoolmaster and his boyhood was spent in carewould have pictured the steaming jungle of the free sport on the "Sands of Dee." Congo valley. Instead of frost-bitten fishing villages the name would have suggested grass huts, The most significant event in George Grenfell's baked by an equatorial sun. Instead of a minis- early life was his transfer from the Church of tering doctor in fur coat driving a dog team, the England to the Baptist communion. The cause name Grenfell meant a stocky, bearded man at the was trivial- a bully who plagued him and his wheel of a small steamer pushing his way up un- brother-but the result was thirty years of work charted ,tropical rivers. Grenfell in those days under the Baptist Missionary Society. meant George Grenfell, pioneer missionary and explorer of the Congo River basin. The calls of these men to missionary service were far different. A.t the age of ten George de- Both of these men sprang from an old and illus- cided to be a missionary. He was active in the trious family of Cornwall. Both claimed affinity Young People's work of the church and at the age of blood with Sir Richard Grenville, that bold ad- of twenty-two became editor of Mission Work, a venturer of Elizabethan days. The trouble which Baptist young people's periodical. His close ache caused the Spanish navy was one of the family's quaintance with the missionary enterprise reproudest memories. sulted in his decision to enter Bristol College and prepare for active service in the foreign field. Something of the untamed spirit of their seagoing ancestor must have followed the blood line Wilfred Grenfell, on the other hand, was led into down through the successive generations. Neither his life work in Labrador through his medical and of these later Grenfells was so happy as when surgical practice. He had a vital religious exafloat; the deck of a rolling ship was always more perience during a Moody and Sankey revival in congenial than a lecture platform. Both were of London. For some years following the complethat hardy clan that listens with expectant ear to tion of his medical studies he served on a Deep an inward compelling voice: Sea Mission boat among the fishing fleets of the North Sea. Then he decided to accompany a ship Something hidden – Go and find it. sent out on similar service among the fishing boats Go and look behind the Ranges. of Newfoundland and the Labrador. Upon ar- Something lost behind the Ranges, rival he sought to meet the needs of the people Lost and waiting for you; Go! and remained to become world famous and to write "Forty Years for Labrador." His motives Though only sixteen years separated these men seem to have been largely humanitarian and his in age, they really belonged to two different gen- theory' of missionary calling is bound up in his erations. George Grenfell was born in 1849 and saw the zenith of his usefulness during a time of statement that he always believed that the Good tremendous British expansion in almost every line, Samaritan crossed the road and helped the colonial and industrial, as well as missionary. wounded man because he wanted to do SO.l Wilfred Grenfell's work has become famous in the present century, chiefly as an example of a man to~ tf&f~Jl6o~I}i~:~n, "r~~~ Years for Labrador," p. 71. Hough- [197 ]

The important thing is that they both entered pounds, the maximum pack load for a bearer. The the service of Christ without any reservations, vessel was taken apart, shipped to the foot of the ready to go wherever He should lead them. That cataracts and then carried two hundred miles their respective fields lay so far apart is another through the jungle to Stanley Pool. The engineer, proof of our Lord's interest in all parts of His sent to reassemble the ship, died on the way, but far-flung battle line. Grenfell, using native helpers, rebuilt and The Explorers launched "The Peace" in 1884. It was an almost incredible piece of work, but it was completed and When George Hawkes, a schoolmate of George the way opened for the exploration of a river sys- Grenfell, was asked by the Baptist Missionary tem which drains an area of over two million Society to write the story of his schoolmate's life square miles. The main stream and its tributaries he consented to do so on one condition-someone total a distance of eleven thousand miles.

qualified for the task should make a scientific ap- For twenty-two years George Grenfell sailed praisal of Grenfell's work as an explorer and that "The Peace" up and down those miles of treacher- report should be incorporated in the biography. ous waterways. He charted the channels, mapped Instead, a whole book on this subject was written the tributaries, and made the way comparatively by Sir Harry Johnston, entitled "George Grenfell safe for the advance of civilization. More steam- and the Congo." ers were brought in and a railroad was built We have seen how Wilfred Grenfell went around the cataracts. The territory thus opened through a "seasoning process" in his ministrations to trade is as large as Europe from the Black Sea to the fishermen of the North Sea in preparation to the English Channe}.2 for his life work on the Labrador Coast. Likewise For his part in the project Grenfell was hon- George Grenfell spent four years in Cameroon, ored by the Royal Geographical Society, receiving West Africa, as a "finishing school," under the its Founder's Gold Medal. He was also honored saintly Alfred Saker. Here he learned to make by the Belgian Government and represented King friends with natives, did some preliminary ex- Leopold on a commission to settle a boundary dis- ploring and experienced some of the hardships of pute with France.

missionary life. Here, too, he met his first great It was in his relation with King Leopold that sorrow, when his bride of less than a year died of George Grenfell made his greatest mistake. He puerperal fever. was a believer in the desirability of a strong Euro- In August, 1877, Henry M. Stanley completed a pean power taking over the country in order to three-year journey, crossing Africa from Zanzibar stop the petty intertribal wars and the horrors of on the east coast to Boma at the mouth of the the slave trade.3 He therefore looked upon King Congo River on the west. He had followed the Leopold as a great benefactor and in this opinion course of the Lualaba River which Livingstone he was seconded by his Society.4 But he had failed believed to be the headwaters of the Nile. Stanley to reckon on the greed of men who saw in this vast proved it to be the source of the Congo. This dis- territory a source of income from rubber. This covery challenged the Christian world to occupy greed led to almost unbelievable atrocities. The the vast region of central Africa. Other mission- oppression of the rubber trusts proved worse for ary societies followed the footsteps of Livingstone the black folk than the villainies of the Arab slave in East Central Africa, and a special gift from raiders. John H. Harris, in his book, "Slavery Robert Arthington enabled the Baptist Missionary or 'Sacred Trust'" estimates the deaths during a Society to assume responsibility for the evan- thirteen-year period at five million.

gelization of the Congo Basin. Grenfell and his When public indignation rose too high to be ig- friend, Thomas J. Comber, were invited to con- nored King Leopold appointed, as a blind, a com- duct a prospecting expedition. They soon learned mission for the protection of the natives and that the Congo was navigable for only a short dis- named Grenfell and Holman Bentley as members.

tance from the mouth and that two hundred miles Nothing was accomplished, and the horrible of rapids barred the way to the interior. Gren- abuses went on long after Grenfell's death.

fell's first journey therefore was overland to San One cannot refrain from placing the vast ex- Salvador, capital city of Dom Pedro, black King plorations of George Grenfell beside those of Sir of the Congo. Grenfell decided that the opening Wilfre.d. The latter did worthy service .to navi- up of the interior could best be made by boat gation by correcting charts and maps of that above the cataracts. . dangerous coastline which has been called the Thus came about the greatest exploit of his life. graveyard of the Atlantic. He was honored by Under his advice a seventy-foot steamer, named "The Peace," was built in England, so designed 2 Mathews, Basil-"The Book of Missionary Heroes," p. 150. that only three parts weighed more than sixty-five 3 Hemmens, H. L.-"George Grenfell Pioneer in Congo," p. 198. • Report of B. M. S. for 1885 quoted by Hemmens, p. 200.

TWO PIONEERING GRENFELLS

the Royal Geographical Society with the Murchi- in educational and industrial missions, and schools son Prize in 1911.5 Later, under the encourage- were among the most successful of his projects. ment of the British Admiralty, he further sur- He rightly believed that if the elimination of tribal veyed the coast. Much of this work was done by warfare was not to leave a dangerous vacuum aerial photography.6 Later he was knighted for some other occupation must be provided for the his services by King George V. people. Accordingly he taught them how to make bricks from clay and so to replace their miserable These efforts are valuable from a commercial huts with decent houses. Grenfell saw the necespoint of view. Dr. Grenfell tells of seeing five sity of isolating the children from .the associations steamers piled up on one reef at one time.7 And of heathen life and this was done by means of from a humanitarian point of view it was no less boarding schools. At first pupils were hard to get, so. It is better Christianity to make good charts but before his death he saw them coming in inthan to wait "to play the Good Samaritan to the creasing numbers. surviving families of those fishermen who had drowned because no reliable chart existed." 8 Yet Like many pioneer missionaries Grenfell was a fair comparison of this bleak coast with the rich criticized by the churches at home for the scarcity interior of Africa, leaves one with the impression of converts. Those in England who had visions that society is indeed whimsical in the disposition of teeming thousands of black men hungering for of its honors. the Gospel failed to appreciate the difficulties. The frightful loss of life due to inexperience in a The Missionaries new country also put a s.train upon his courage. His own daughter, newly sent out as a missionary, "The end of the geographical feat is the begin- died of blackwater fever. ning of the missionary enterprise." These words of Livingstone were likewise the motto of his ar- His most persistent enemy, however, was the dent admirer, George Grenfell. It was his ap- awful slave traffic. The Arab raiders had pushed pointed task to blaze trails or, more literally, to westward from Zanzibar and threatened to take chart channels, but always his objective was the over the whole Congo basin. Their inhuman spreading of the Gospel of Christ and the building treatment made the natives wary of strangers of an indigenous church. From that single aim with light skins and often flights of poison arrows nothing could move him. Even when requested by greeted the passengers on "The Peace." the King of Belgium to serve as Royal Commissioner on the boundary question between Belgium Complications with the Belgian Government and Portugal, he referred the letter to the Mis- also threatened to upset his plans. At one time the sionary Society and accepted the offer only after authorities seized "The Peace," hauled down her securing its consent. British flag and used her to transport munitions up the river. A protest from London to Brussels His aim throughout all his explorations was a brought restitution and an offer of indemnity. chain of ten mission stations from Stanley Pool to Stanley Falls, a distance of a thousand miles, George Grenfell closed his career at the age of and he complained bitterly to the British churches fifty-seven in a lonely outpost surrounded by black because the execution of this plan was so long de- men who loved him. They put him aboard "The layed for lack of reinforcements. "The Peace" Peace" and the famous old boat carried him to was brought out and operated to facilitate com- Basoko and a doctor. But on July 1, 1906, the munication between such stations. He lived to sturdy old missionary river pilot crossed the Bar see that hope realized. and sailed out into the great Beyond.

The population of George Grenfell's vast "par- The Grenfell "everybody knows" and the Grenish" varied from the tiny four-foot Batwa pig- fell "nobody knows" were both missionaries, mies, light red-skinned folk with huge bearded rather than theologians. Sir Wilfred, as a phyheads who lived par.t of the time in trees, to the sician and surgeon, has a rough and ready brand Banalyas, an advanced tribe which smelted iron of theology. He says: "Of one thing I am conand practiced carpentry. Naturally, Grenfell vinced. Religion is the reverse of anyone cubbynever had much time for the settled routine of a holed experience. If I am not Christian in the mission station. He continued to pilot "The Peace" way I eat and drink, and in the way I deal with and later the "Goodwill" up and down the river. my wife, or my crew, or my students, or my cus- tomers, as the case may be, the fact that I accept Yet he also managed to do some literary work. all the theology ever taught does not make me so. He translated the Gospel according to Mark and . . . How each individual keeps touch with God, .the Ten Commandments. He was a firm believer I consider it impertinent on the part of any other individual to criticize. Only Christ, so far, has 6 Grenfell, 'Vilfred-Ibid., p. 182. proved the right to say, 'Follow Me.' " 9 • Grenfell, Wilfred-Ibid., p. 242. • Grenfell, Wilfred-Ibid., p. 339. 7 Grenfell, Wilfred-Ibid., p. 169. 8 Grenfell, Wilfred-Ibid., p. 241.

Nor was George Grenfell a stickler for dog- Contrast this with George Grenfell's problem. matic theology. In a letter to Joseph Hawkes, No one has ever accurately counted its population, written in his last illness, he says: "I am less con- but it runs into the millions, and of these almost fident in trying to explain the Trinity, the Atone- every tribe speaks a different dialect. The climate ment and Justification than I used to be; but this is one in which no white man can live long with- I know, better than ever, that Salvation is by out seriously impairing his health. One begins to grace through Jesus Christ, by faith." 10 see that, judged by almost every objective cri- terion, George undertook a more difficult task. There is no notable difference in the sacrifices which these men made. Both lived strenuously. George Grenfell died at fifty-seven. Sir Wil- The great contrast lies in the people to whom they fred is now past seventy. World recognition has ministered. Sir Wilfred has for forty years come to him largely during the past twenty years. served a scattered population of fisherfolk of New- Had his lesser known kinsman rounded out his foundland and the Labrador, mostly Anglo-Saxon full three-score-and-ten he too might have reaped whites, comparable to the southern mountaineers more of the world's honors. of the United States.u There are only a few hundreds who live there all year around. Their Both men are specimens of that staunch clan of missionary has no new language to learn, and missionary heroes that every day brings a little with the aid of American university students and nearer the day when the kingdoms of this world others, is able to handle their needs in a fairly shall become the Kingdom of our Lord and of His adequate way. Christ.

10 Hemmens, H. L.-Ibld., p. 239. BIBLIOGRAPHY 11 Grenfell, Wilfred-Ibid., p. 90. 1. Hawker, George-The Life of George Grenfell, New York, 1909. 2. Hemmens, H. L.–George Grenfell, Pioneer in Congo, London, 1927. 3. Bently, Hoimen–George Grenfell and the Congo, London. 4. Grenfell, Wilfred-Forty Years for Labrador, Boston, 1933.

"Can't Afford to Give to Missions"

Many churches and individuals contend that the funds. Should this fact take precedence over the claims of home needs are so great that they can- needs of the local congregation? not afford to give to missions. Many churches in Christian lands are housed in expensive buildings, The same principle and problem applies to a and are heavily mortgaged, while the spiritual family. When should the desire for a new house house and work of Christ are handicapped by pov- or better furnishings be given the right of way erty. Recently a mortgage company refused to over the pressing needs of absent members of the modify its claims on church property or to reduce family? Obviously the answer is that vital needs the interest while that church was using part of -life, health, education for service-should take its income to support missions. If the church precedence over comforts, conveniences and selfcould afford to give away, surely it could afford to indulgence. Few find satisfaction in self-denial pay its debts. What is the answer? The time to for the sake of discipline but many find real joy in avoid this dilemma seems to be before the debt self-denial for the sake of loved ones or for the on the church property is incurred. Every con- promotion of some needy and worthy cause. gregation, like an individual or a family, has a twofold obligation – for its own maintenance in Experience proves that those who put "first the the interest of efficiency, and for sacrificial service Kingdom of God," have their own essential needs to others. On the one hand there is no reason for supplied, while those who put first their own coman individual or for a church to exist merely for fort lose satisfaction in material things and do self; on the other hand service cannot be ade- not experience the joy of fruitful service. Many quately rendered to others if personal effective- churches with large and elaborate buildings are ness is not maintained. spiritual paupers and show little or no fruit to justify their existence. Other individuals and Every Christian and every church is a steward, churches that live for Christ and His Kingdom commissioned to promote the work of Christ at have the joy of reaping rich spiritual harvests and home and abroad. Should the needs and oppor- at the same time find their own needs adequately tunities for work abroad hinder the work at home met. All admire heroic self-sacrifice but few of -or vice versa? A church desires to enlarge or us practice it. It is a satisfaction to give sacrimodernize its house of worship or its parish house. ficially to an enterprise doing a Christlike work Should this desire be gratified in such a way as to in a Christlike way. The true sign of life in a hinder the response to missionary appeals? The church or an individual is the stream of Living work abroad and in the home field greatly needs Water that flows out to vivify and beautify the lives of others.

A Fire–Walking Festival in India*

By MILLICENT MOODY, Chota Nagpur, India CHUTIYA is an ancient Hindu village which nut falls too. Immediately the priest gathers up consists of a narrow pavementless street the remaining rice and smooths the little pillar about a mile long with mud houses and clean. The drums and chanting cease; the women small shops on both sides. There is a very ancient talk and push and change places. Evidently some- temple at the beginning of the village and a new thing important has happened.

one, only half completed, at the end; both are We were told that the stone pillar represented dedicated to Shiva. Shiva, the creator. The rice and the nut had been Once a year a very interesting festival is held in placed on the god by the chief priest at the request this village. It goes back to ancient times when of a childless woman, who has paid a sum of the aborigines worshipped the sun. The festival money for the priest to tell her whether or not is called "Fire-walking" by foreigners, but the her longing for a son will be realized. The nut had Hindus call it Manda. One of my colleagues, who fallen, so Shiva would grant the woman's request.

works in Chutiya, invited me to join a small party Again and again other women came, but we to witness the festival under the care of her Hindu did not see the nut fall a second time. Alas! maybe pundit. the gift of money which accompanied the request We set out at 10 p. m. with our flashlights. The was too small to satisfy the greed which showed so narrow street near the first temple was thronged clearly in the priest's face.

with men and boys, all making for the other end The noise and heat on the veranda of the temof the village. As the street took a bend we saw a ple was so great that we were glad to put on our flare of lights in the distance and then saw that the shoes and sit once more in the open space near by. temple dedicated to Parvati, Shiva's wife, was It was now getting late, so we hoped the chief lined with tiny oil lamps. The crowd had become ceremony would not be long delayed. Soon the quite dense, for we had almost reached the spot pundit hurried back to say that we should come at where the chief ceremonies were to be performed. once. So we joined the crowd in front of the tem- The chief temple was on our left, and from it came ple and presently a passage was made from the drumming and chanting. Many hundreds of peo- temple steps to the trench of fire by men holding ple had collected and worship was going on in the primitive flares made of stout sticks with rags temple at full swing. soaked in oil on one end. Everyone was kind and gave us good places facing the passage. The chief We walked along the rough veranda of the priest appeared at the temple door and then the temple to a large iron-barred window which gave devotees streamed out and down the steps. The us a clear view of the inside. Both inside and out chief holy man (not the priest) came first and crowds of women and a few men were gazing in- stood at the bottom of the steps and after him the tently at the performance of the chief priest and others came out one at a time. They wore either his helpers. A circle of about eight devotees stood pure white turbans or wreaths of white scented round the priest. These were young men for the flowers on their heads; they had garlands of these most part, who had just been swung over fire and flowers, which are like tuber lilies, round their in a short while were to show their devotion to necks. their god, Shiva, by walking through a trough of fire in his honor. What was fixing the attention Then began the interesting ceremony of "the of the crowd? An evil-looking priest bearing kiss of peace." Each man embraced the others in Shiva's trident marked in lime on his forehead, turn by touching arms and kissing first one side, sat cross-legged, before a rounded stone pillar then the other, and finally saluting with a little which rose from the ground about two feet. Look! bow, with both hands raised to the face as if pray- He is putting a handful of boiled rice on top of ing. This was repeated three times, the devotees the pillar. He is moulding it as a child would make returning to the temple between each set of greeta sand castle. He is placing a nut, like an acorn, ings. Then they all ran down the passage between on the very top. The drums beat; the devotees the crowd and surrounded the trench of flaming chant; the priest mumbles and waves his hand- charcoal, while the chief devotee grasped a double the chanting and drumming continue for two or handful of glowing embers in his cupped hands three minutes, and the loose rice falls a little; the and rushed back and up the temple steps and bore • From The Mission Field, London. the fire to Shiva's shrine. We saw the man shortly [201 ]

afterwards and he did not appear to be burnt at tesque masks, and bells on their ankles. Most dances took the form of a mock fight between two all. hunters who carried huge flower-decked bows and The actual fire-walking was to come later, so arrows. The performers clicked their bows and arrows and went through curious antics, much to we went to see the dancing of various sets of vil- the enjoyment of the crowd, but as each item finlagers. We joined an enormous crowd, hundreds ished there was no attempt at applause. All the of men and boys, seated on the ground around an dances were accompanied by drums and weird hunting cries.

We were told to return at once to the trough of glowing charcoal, as the devotees were about to walk through the fire. The crowd was so dense that we could only make very slow progress so when we reached the spot the men were coming up from the fire and returning to the temple. They had encircled the fire, saluted it and then had walked through it. The trough was several feet wide and eight to ten feet long and was filled to the very top with red-hot charcoal. The men seemed to be quite unscathed from their ordeal.

We longed to be able to claim that huge crowd for Christ and to be able to change all the devo- tion to Shiva into devotion to our Lord. We know that many in that Manda crowd are Christians at heart as a result of years of faithful teaching from our Mission and the secret working of the Holy Spirit within them. We pray that the time will come when a large group of these people will be brave enough to free themselves from the fet- ters of caste, fear and public opinion and come out as Christians. If some will do this others will follow their example. Pray for Chutiya and re- member the educational and evangelistic work, especially the group of non-Christian boys under instruction.

FIREWALKING IN ENGLAND There are about one hundred million people in India living in areas that are not adequately Kuda Bux, Kashmir magician showed no sign of blistering after reached by the Christian message. To remedy, he had walked twice in a trench filled with glowing embers. the situation there should be a (1) better distri- bution of the Christian forces; (2) greater emopen-air stage. Every other person seemed to be phasis upon the ideal of a united church; (3) carrying a long bamboo stick-six to eight feet more emphasis placed upon evangelism. (4) The long. These were to protect them on their home- concentration of missionary institutions in the ward way, but now the poles gave the effect of a larger towns is a handicap. (5) The Indian forest, for everyone held them upright as they Church needs more ordained leaders. (6) Steps sat. should be taken to take the Christian message to the unoccupied areas. (7) The National Chris- The dancers were all men dressed in spangled tian Council should consider what can be done clothes with tall shimmering head-dresses, gro- about Christian work in the Native States. (8) The progress of the Church will largely depend upon the indigenous nature of its activity and growth. (9) Higher educational institutions should cultivate a more Christian atmosphere and a comprehensive effort should be made to stamp out illiteracy in the Christian Church. (10) Greater efforts should be made to produce and distribute Christian literature of a high character.

the Sat Tal Ashram*

Those who were fortunate enough to be a part sat at the foot of the cross. Communion in Sat of the fellowship will look back upon our experi- Tal is communion indeed. "Heaven comes down ence at the Sat Tal Ashram last summer with the the soul to meet and glory crowns the mercy seat." deepest gratitude. One new part of the landscape Every Sunday at least one person had a fresh was a cross on the opposite hillside from the victory to share, and we all rejoiced together. prayer nook. It was a rough hewn cross probably not unlike the first cross on another hill. This Every day just before the sunset meeting we cross, from the very first sunset meeting until the met to transact Kingdom business. There was last morning quiet time, branded our very souls. frank open sharing of spiritual needs and vic- The experiences revolved around the cross of tories. Noone was afraid to be perfectly honest which this one was but a symbol. as we tried to face ourselves. We got to really know each other as we met day by day and shared Sat Tal has a reputation for being a place where the deepest experiences of life. We shared our lives are changed. Each had various needs, but experiences in keeping quiet times, guidance, all wanted that "victorious vitality" that would sharing, surrender and life changing. The dismake us a part of the "cure instead of a part of cipline and fellowship helped to make us eager to the disease" of this sin-sick world. We not only get into the lives of others. needed to be changed but we wanted to get to the place where God could use us to change other The best that each had, we gave and from each other we took that which met our individual need. lives. The greatest contribution, however, came from Every day we were brought to face the needs God Himself. By the lakeside in numberless nooks, on special rocks, or by certain paths, we of our social order as Dr. Stanley Jones discussed met our Maker and He continued His new crea- "Christ and Communism." All through the cen- tion in our lives. turies man has been talking about the Kingdom of God as though it was meant for some future Intercession such as I never have experienced time and place. We have been in the habit of ton- was a part of our experience at Sat Tal. In this ing down Christ's teachings about the Kingdom we had an opportunity to feel a fractional part to fit the social order. During those periods of of the weight of some of the crosses that Christ discussions we realized, as never before, the sins is bearing all the time. We learned the power of of society the world around and that the only prayer. order that will stand the test is the Kingdom of God. It is impossible for one to set up the King- I am unable to describe the inner life of the Ashdom of God in his heart and fit into the present ram which I had the privilege to share for eightsocial order. If the Kingdom is within us the een days. The fellowship of work, whether it be social order around about must change. We be- cleaning the drawing room or cleaning lamps, was lieve the answer to the problems of the individual a rich experience. It helped to make the Ashram and the world is Christ, and with a real determi- a home, and knit us all together into a brothernation we returned to our stations to bring about hood. changes. "The plant that my Father hath not planted it shall be rooted up." We are awake to Thursday was the day of silence. On this day our responsibility in the rooting up process. The we did not have our work period. The value of cross Christ is carrying, because of poverty, in- this day lay in the silent fellowship that we had justice, and sin in the present social order, is so with God and with each other. One of our memgreat that we could not begin to comprehend its bers expressed it something like this, "We enjoyed weight. each other's fellowship without trying to get our ideas over to one another."

After all, the social reconstruction depends up- It was a great vacation. I felt, as I checked up on the individual and the "victorious vitality" will my life before and after, that before I went to the put dynamic in the social reconstruction. Christ's Ashram I had been standing beside an inlet of redemptive power was felt mightily as we sat the ocean and calling it the ocean. As I stood facing the cross and we realized that there was beside it, I seemed tall and important. After the grace and power enough not only to transform us experience at the Ashram I find myself standing but also to transform the world. beside the real ocean and am overwhelmed with its greatness and in comparison I have come to Communion and sharing bound us all together my proper stature. Christ has me, all of me and in a real fellowship. Barriers came down as we -. Condensed from an article by P. E. P. in The Indian Witness. the cross has been branded on my soul.

[203 ]

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I Effective Ways of Working , i 'Tested Methods for Increasing Interest at Home l EDITED BY MRS. ESTELLA S. AITCHISON, GRANVILLE, OHIO ~'=I=============I~ The Kingdom of God education in 1931; Christian Leadership relating to the Movement economics in 1932. Both these modern apostles were deeply movement came through the fol- By ELIZABETH M. TURNBULL* lowing channels: The Mission- We were led most naturally to aware of the need of a new in- a'!y Monthly, the official maga- terpretation of the message of take as ours the ideas inherent ZIne of the society, in articles by Jesus Christ for the whole in the Kingdom of God Move- leading women in all the prov- world. More than once in the ment. The more immediate years following they spoke to inces and members of the Board' ~udiences in Canada and deeply years after the union of The Impressed us all. circular letters, a Prayer and Purpose card and little leaflets United Church of Canada of issued by the board for distribu- 1925 were necessarily concerned The Anniversary of Pentecost tion. Some of these last had to with organization but at the followed, with its summons to a deeper and fuller life. In April, do with our relationship in the third General Council in 1928 society itself; others had to do the Moderator of The United 1930, the Executive of the Wom- with aspects in the objective of Church, Dr. W. T. Gunn, called an's Missionary Society, stirred the movement such as: "The by the call of the Oriental lead- !he whole membership to a spir- ers, sent an open letter to the ~i~~dom. in Every Day Life," membership asking for more LIvmg In and for the King- Itual advance. His words cre- prayer and a thoughtful, rever- ent seeking in the Bible for ated a profound impression: Christ's way of life. It seemed dom." A lKatienrgdboomo,k"le~t "The !o us that God was making way Way of the series "We cannot organize a rweveivcaal~ In every land for a new revelabut by the grace of God tion of Himself. In his book of of fine Bible studies tracing the begin one." , that year, "The Christ of Every Road," Dr. Stanley Jones said: growth of the idea of the King- In the following year this ap- "The world ground is being pre- dom of God through Old Testapeal was strengthened by the ment times to the present and challenge of two remarkable challenging us to face that idea men-Dr. C. Y. Cheng of China in all its implications, was wide- and Kagawa of Japan. In the ly used in monthly executive and summer of 1929, Dr. Cheng, commi!tee meet}ngs, in group ~atherIngs and In private devo- Preside~t and later Secretary of pared for a spiritual awakening tIOns.

the National Christian Council on a wide-spread scale. We are on the verge of something big." of China and first Moderator of We were greatly enriched by We felt that we were part of the Church of Christ in China this great movement and we cooperation with our church's visited North America. He had Board of Evangelism and Social Service in the publication of a recently inaugurated the Five realized as never before that al- Year Movement in China with though the Kingdom of God was, lWittolreshbiopokinlettheenHtiotlme~d,""Aanidds to we its .searching prayer: "0 Lord, first, a personal experience of reVIve thy ACht uarbcoh~t beginning God as Father and a consecra- took advantage of the fine leafwith me!" the same tion of oneself to His purposes- lets released by this board on time Kagawa of Japan had be- we would miss the richness of the Kingdom of God Movement. gun his crusade, "A Million Marked interest was shown in that experience if we did not al- Souls for Christ," a "Schedule the reports presented to the Gen- so find the same marvellous felof social organization to estab- eral Council in 1932 on Chris- lowship in groups that marked lish the Kingdom of God on tian Marriage, on Evangelism the friendship of Jesus with His earth"-evangelization in 1930,' and on the Church and Industry. disciples and the united member- . • Mrs. Turnbull is the editor of The Mis- ship in the early church. SO' a Another manner in which 8wnarll Monthly in the United Church of Canada and Jives in Toronto. If a movement number of ignroauupxsilioafrywommeeetn~ guid.ance came was by the sugsuch as she herein describes might become sometimes gestion of certain devotional general a~ong. Christian people, the consequent spir,t';1al.,zatlon of the Church would ings, often in little groups in study books bMy eathneingexoefcuSteirvve~ solve the mIssIOnary problem in all Its as- such as "The pects-money, personnel, revamping of meth- homes, began to study the social ods and motivation. Nothing but a spiritual dynamic will ever bring it into its dominant implications of Christ's teaching ice" by Fosdick; "The New place in the Kingdom of God. regarding the Kingdom of God. Challenge of Faith" by Sher- [204 ]

EFFECTIVE WAYS OF WORKING

wood Eddy; "Christ of the greater unity and power in the so-called Christian lands?" He Mount" by E. Stanley Jones. religious life of the organization. was impelled to answer that Young people were urgedto read Auxiliary women cooperated question. To that end he re- Stanley High's stimulating book, with the pastor in visiting those dedicated himself and we are "Today's Youth and Tomorrow's no longer associated with any glad to be coworkers with him in World." In 1933, "Personal Re- church. It was agreed that the that work. It has given our misligion and the Life of Fellow- most effective way in which the sionary program a scope and di- ship" by William Temple, Arch- Woman's Missionary Society rection we have never known bebishop of York, and the year could contribute to the Church's fore. We feel as Stanley Jones following "Jesus and Ourselves" work of Evangelism, was by says: "This age 'is on the verge by Leslie Weatherhead, brought "concentrating on cooperation of a discovery of the meaning of to us a deeper understanding of with the local minister in studied the Kingdom of God." God's will for us in relation to outreach for those not yet com- the needs of the hour. mitted to the Christian life." A HOMEMADE DOLL FESTIVAL In 1933 a Call to Prayer was We led our young women in issued by the Board and pub- discussion material regarding MRS. HELEN T. LEACH* lished iIi the Easter Missionary wide issues such as interracial Monthly. It closed with these and industrial problems, peace Our Sunday school juniors significant words: "0 God, my or war, economic questions, etc., and saw to it that their worship celebrated the Doll Festival last Father, I pray: That I may was linked with these. We in- spring as the culmination of a vited conferences where older happy season's study of Japan. make the doing of Thy will the and younger met together. We There are so many delightful realized that many of the young things one can do about Japan! supreme guide in all my rela- people of today were much more Of course there are pictures- socially minded and w 0 r I d- many and beautiful. Then there tionships, believing that Thou minded than the older women are scrolls to be made from and we welcomed their fresh ap- strips of unbleached muslin with hast called me into membership proach. We called them as we copies of Japanese scenes cray- called ourselves to take action oned on an oblong in the center. in Thy Kingdom that I may be as citizens when public issues On cheap trays one can form come before them relating to the landscapes fro m newspaper used of Thee to extend Thy rule happiness and well being of men squeezed out of water, dipped and women and particularly into a thin cement mixture and of truth and love in every area little children. then shaped into mountains, streams, bridges, gardens-the of human life. In my home, in But perhaps the greatest thing whole coated, when dried, with we have gained in this devotional bright lacquer paint, leaving the my church, in my community, in study has been the growing con- rim of the tray in black. (Yes, sciousness of the paramount it is messy, but pretty when finmo yL onradt i,oTn ,h yT hwyillKbine gddoonme. come, importance of the missionary ished.) Then the Japanese Thy task today. The new challenge houses from corrugated paper will, 0 Lord, victorious be, in of Dr. Stanley Jones, himself boxes, with thin paper windows one of the best-known mission- and doors, are easy to make. every land–alllands-in me." aries of the Christian Church, What has been the result of this intensive campaign? It is not easy to tabulate results in spiritual development and yet if no growth is evident the experi- ment has surely failed. Some very de fin i t e things have emerged in the past few years.

One is a reality in worship for many who had long been accus- tomed to stereotyped and formal prayers. And this experience in "Christ's Alternative to Com- Most of all, however, we enhinged upon the second thing: munism," has answered a ques- joyed our Doll Festival. Not beour study made us come to grips tion which perhaps has been in ing Japanese with a collection of with social problems confronting the minds of many during the dolls dating back to babyhood, our Church, community and na- last few years: "Why should we had much preparation to tional life, and that struggle missionary women con c ern make. First the doll shelves found expression in our prayer themselves with economic, social had to be built-a flight of five life. Many of us have become and political problems ?" He steps constructed from orange conscious of the tremendous wrote the book under an urge too crates by a good-natured boy need of a transformed society great to resist after a visit to scout. These were covered with . and of our responsibility for its Communistic Russia. "Shall we red crepe paper in lieu of red achievement. So, in addition to give ourselves to the inner life," silk and a rich blue canopy was study, we saw to it that our wor- he asked himself, "and let the arranged over the top step, while ship services for old and young, question of the new world order a gold screen stood behind this published from month to month alone?" He found it impossible step marking the honorable locain The Missionary Monthly, to do that. As a missionary, he tion of the emperor and empress were grouped around themes for had been asked, "Can Christ dolls. We dressed them in real a social awakening as well as save society as well as individ- oriental tapestry robes. On the personal consecration. As it uals? Has He a program-if so, • Mrs. Leach is a missionary from China, now resident In GranvUIe. Ohio. grew, the movement gave a why is it not more effective in

second step, just below the royal We made our room gay with featuring four fields, one brief pair, stood three ladies-in-wait- Japanese lanterns. The Doll episode from each of which was ing in red skirts and white Shelves had the place of. honor, introduced and a suitable hymn kimonos with a dignified guard and above and back of these the used to cover changes of stage on either side armed with bows, window space contained a big setting. Placards placed succesarrows and spears. A tiny water color scene of Japanese sively upon an easel announced orange tree (made of twigs and children at play under cherry the fields. The Spirit of Miscrepe paper) stood at one end of trees. On tables at one side and sions bowed her head at the close this step and a cherry tree on in the wall space we snuggled of each scene while someone in the other. The ·nextstep below our handwork of the year, for the audience rose and offered a held the five musicians dressed admiration of one year's work brief prayer for the field just in purple who with drum, cym- does spur us on to another year's considered. As a last feature, bals, flutes and violin enter- plans. To this doll tea party this Spirit made an earnest aptained the royalty. Next below our mothers and a few friends peal to the audience for the spe- were invited, but the real guests cific objective of the whole. came the ancient man and wom- were the 25 dolls who came with an dolls, bringers of good luck- them and were duly registered A Modern Grab Bag. Rev. he with a hoe to clean unkind in a little book with a big doll H. D. Davies, regional secretary gossip out of the town and she painted on the cover. of the Commission on Missions with a broom to sweep in the of the Congregational and Chrisgood. The lowest step had a tiny The dolls had reserved seats tian Churches, has sent copies of lacquered table set with rice at tables on either side of the The Pilgrim Herald, the official bowls and chopsticks (tooth- shelves. There were dolls from pUblication of the Congrega-' picks) . Purple cushions were India, China, France, the Philip- tional Conference of South Dalaid for the guests to sit on and pines, an American Indian, two kota, in which he edits a departgenuine little Japanese teacups dolls 80 years old and many ment called "A Grab Bag of and a teapot sat on the ends of others. B est of all were Standard Missionary Methods," the step. "Spring" and "Peace" from the the tiny prizes being tabloids of doll family of a resident Jap- workable plans. In two issues "Where did you get your little anese, Mrs. Chosaburo Kato, alone your Editor counted 19 Japanese dolls?" several people who in her dainty kimono added excerpts from THE REvIEW, duly asked me, and I had to admit the finishing touch to our party. accredited, and it was a satisthey came from the ten-cent How pleased we were, when we faction to realize that contribustore and that I had given them passed tea and cookies to her, to tors to this Department were the oriental touch by blacking see her eyes shine as she asked if thus broadcasting energizers for their hair with lacquer paint. we would mind if she took home the King's Business. And now, (Be sure to lay them face down some of the flower-shaped, pink- in this issue and the next, we to dry or an unexpected black frosted cookies and the little propose to dip into Mr. Davies' pig tail may ooze down the back favor (a pot of flowers made grab bag for our innings of exor the face may become African from a marshmallow, tiny gum change trinkets, as follows: in streaks.) Can you imagine drops, wire and crepe paper) the good time we had learning for Mr. Kato to see; "for," she Collect old Christmas greetings to the delightful doll customs of said, "that is just what little send abroad. About 25 pounds of Japan and planning for our fes- girls in Japan do at their doll these were sent from the Midwest tival, which you probably know parties." Regional office in JUly to Africa, comes on the third day of the China, India, etc. third month in Japan? Methods Seedlings Use the supper table worship period Dramatizing a mission study to tell something of interest, such as book, which has prime values in a missionary story. previewing, reviewing, s u m- marizing or popularizing its Talk casually of missionaries and subject matter, is not difficult. missions in a favorable way, so that A good example is that of the they will be taken for granted as sub- pageant founded upon the book, jects as normal as play, movies, "Between Two Centuries," men- school, church, etc. tioned last month in the review of the Santa Ana Baptist wom- Have a missionary in the home if en's year book. Its author, Mrs. possible. Impressions will be lasting. Ethel M. Harp, used the Spirit of Missions and the Spirit of Encourage the re'ading of books of Commerce, standing on opposite travel, etc., that depict needs, condi- sides of the platform, to supply tions and actual doings of teachers, background material and con- doctors, nurses and preachers in for- nective tissue for the narrative eign countries.

Have a 24-hour-a-day plan to raise money that keeps missionary work go- ing when we are at home asleep.

Sel!' Dr. J. L. Lobinger's pamphlet, "What Shall We Do about Missions -Plans and Methods for Young PeQ- pIe."

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BULLETIN OF The Council of Women for Home Missions ANNE SEESHOLTZ, EXECUTIVE SECRETARY, 105 EAST TWENTY-SECOND STREET, NEW YORK ~~~f~========================~ Discipline and Sacrifice referred to page 110 of the old stead and asking forgiveness of book. There is found under the the mother. Weare told that the A MEDITATION heading of "discipline," counsel child burst into tears, asked her to the teacher to visit the par- mother's forgiveness, "and from 1. To sit at the feet of a Mas- ents "for the particular purpose that hour conducted herself as ter-Teacher makes one a disci- of representing to them the con- an obedient and gentle child." ple, and to practice the way of duct of the child." . . . Graphdaily living taught and practiced ically the story is told of Mr. Gentle Reader, do not say by the Master Himself is disci- "stuff and nonsense." Please pline. Raikes whose custom it was "to forget the method for the mo- visit in person, the families of ment and see the teacher win- Paul in writing to the Chris- the poor, and to persuade the ning the child to better conduct! tian church at Philippi urged: parents to feel interested in the "Have this mind in you which well being of their children." On III. Kagawa, the Christian was also in Christ Jesus : who one such occasion, he visited "a gentleman, Christian economist, existing in the form of God, poor but respectable woman" and Christian missionary is at counted not the being on an who "lived in a very decent present traveling in our country equality with God a thing to be house, but her life was made un- with a message about the whole grasped, but emptied himself, happy by the behaviour of her of life and the Kingdom of God taking the form of a servant,. be- little girl, who had a very bad to include us all. His outlook ing made in the likeness of men; temper." At the time of the vis- and service are of universal valand being found in fashion as a it, the little girl happened to be ue. For Lenten reading espeman, he humbled himself, be- in a sulky mood. (See the pic- cially in Holy Week, use of his coming obedient even unto ture.) Even when Mr. Raikes book "Meditations on the Cross" death, yea, the death of the talked seriously to the girl, she and his "Songs from the Slums" cross." continued SUlky. And now for are recommended. You may al- the point of this meditation. Mr. so wish to read what he is say- II. On the editor's bookshelf Raikes is seen in the illustration ing about Christian Cooperais a book belonging to one of her humbling himself in the child's tives. Only three quotations forefathers – or mothers. The from "Meditations on the Cross" title is, "The Teacher Taught. [207 ] follow. From the first chapter, An Humble Attempt to Make the -"We must make the world's Path of the Sunday School sorrows our own. That is Chris- Teacher Straight and Plain." tianity . . . Christianity for It was "written for the Ameri- me means to dedicate myself to can Sunday School Union, and serve others even urito death." Revised by the Committee of Publication." It was "entered And,- according to Act of Congress, in the year 1839." In the preface "The third significance of the the psychological approach is in- Cross is the conquest of death dicated by, "It has been said that . . . When Jesus was on his teachers are of all men the most second journey he said, 'I will indocil. (Page the Town Crier!) die in a short time,' showing We trust that such a remark is inapplicable to Sunday School that he had included death in the teachers, inasmuch as they are program of his life. He also said presumed to be examples to their he would come to life again . . . pupils in all things." When we feel as though we would like to live here forever, The frontispiece, here repro- death becomes a sorrow, but duced, is the only illustration, when we put it in our program and is given with this Lenten right from the start, it becomes meditation for benefit of others a joy. Death becomes part of as well as clergy. The reader is one's mission, one's allotted task."

Kagawa closes the chapter on wide variety of vocations. Cloth, $1; minister from the Dakotas, re- "The Cross and Daily Life" with paper, 60 cents. vealed some of the difficulties in the prayer-"O God of heaven the lives of the younger Indians and earth: We thank Thee that FOR ELEMENTARY GRADES and gave striking testimony as nineteen hundred years ago to the change which Christian- Thou didst reveal the perfect Courses based on the various study ity has brought into his own life. figure for mankind in the person books are in preparation. Titles and of a carpenter. Through his prices to be announced. For fuller in- Dan Poling, Jr., now in his courage, through his pity, his formation see later announcements or first pastorate in an eastern rulove of his fellowmen and his apply to the literature headquarters ral community, spoke of his work victory over suffering, sorrow, of your own denomination. with glowing enthusiasm. "I am selfishness and sin, and death, in the greatest rural parish in Thou didst manifest to us the Christian Youth in Action in the world," he announced; "not perfect man. Teach us that our Rural America from point of perfection but own pathways of life must lead from point of opportunity. We on into the Way of Christ who The fact that Christian young rural pastors have a real responhung upon a cross. Wavering, people are in action was estab- sibility and we must meet it." unwilling to make the choice, we lished again at the youth Rally "Faith in Jesus Christ," he said, hesitate. We humbly confess it. held in Washington, D. C., on "is the need of the rural church." Cause the spirit of Christ to January 16, 1936, in connection The meeting was presided over dwell in us, that we may kill with the Annual Meeting of the by Miss Mary Lesta Wakeman, selfishness, and be children of Home Missions Councils. There a student at American Univer- God who love our fellowmen. in the large auditorium of Cal- sity who in her introductory re- This we pray in the name of vary Baptist church young peo- marks spoke of the inspiration Christ. Amen." ple gathered from many of the she had received at the Student Washington churches, from the Volunteer Convention in Indian- Advance Announcement Y. M. C. A., the Y. W•.'C. A., apolis from which she had just from near-by colleges and rural returned. The new study and reading books for Missionary Education, communities. B. Y. P. D., Ep- A delightful feature of the 1936-1937 are on Africa and The program was the processional Negro in America. worth League, Pilgrim Fellow- Youth March participated in by ship, Christian Endeavor, and fifty Girl Reserves and younger For the home mission study others,-all were united .under members of the Washington texts, there will be the banner, "Christian· Youth Young Women's Christian Asso- Building a New World." .This ciation, under the leadership of FOR ADULTS interdenominational rally was a Miss Mary Burnett. The music part of the National Conference of the march was contributed by A Study Book. By Charles S. on the Rural Church, and the a young composer, Mrs. Elea- Johnson. The director of the Depart- program featured young people nore Weddell-Roberts and the ment of Social Science, Fisk Univer- who are today, or have recently words, which follow, were writsity, writes on the present status of been, in action in rural fields in ten for the occasion by Miss his own people in American life, America. Marie Whiffen of the New York trends in Negro-white relationships, City Young Women's Christian and the task of the churches in inter- There were four youth speak- Association. racial affairs. Cloth $1; paper 60 ers and their vivid personalities cents. and live messages threw an YOUTH MARCH added note of hope and encour- Brown America: The Story of a agement into the conference. Youth! Bearing the torch of truth, New Race. By Edwin R. Embree. Mr. Warner Clark, who served Steps with firm and determined tread. Collateral reading on Negro life and last summer in a coal-mining history for study groups. Originally field under the Friends' Service Filled with united need, published at $2.50. Special edition, League spoke of his experience Willed both by word and deed. cloth binding only $1.25. as a rare opportunity to "put Daring the years which unfold ahead. your thinking into practice,"- FOR YOUNG PEOPLE to see life in all its reality and to Youth-Youth learn to "live more abundantly." Questing for truth-truth The Story of the American Negro. Testing the tools which have been By Ina Corinne Brown. A brief, pop- Mrs. Caryl Adams, until reularly written history, based on the cently engaged in caring for tried before. soundest scholarship, and an illumi- children in some of New York Spurred by the desire for universal nating interpretation of Negro life State's Migrant Centers deand of interracial movements in con- scribed her little migrant friends claims temporary America. Miss Brown is as being "dirty perhaps on the Led on to higher aims, an author and leader in young peo- outside but clean on the inside." Stirred by the fire and flames, ple's work, Methodist Episcopal She pled for more awareness on Sped by the flames of the torch to Church, South. Cloth $1; paper 60 the part of Christians everycents. where to the needs of these explore m~ny thousands of migratory Truth- FOR INTERMEDIATES laborers. Youth! Bearing the torch of truth, A Reading Book. By Mary Jen- Vine Deloria, a young Indian Steps with firm and determined tread. ness. A collection of life sketches of outstanding Negroes, mostly young Weighing the world's release, people, who are making distinguished Praying that wars· may cease, contributions to American life in a Daring the peace which unfolds ahead.

-Sue Weddell.

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OUJ M!~r~~:;!~feCuS~;~?Ok .;1t EDITED BY MRS. HENRIETTA H. FERGUSON, XENIA, OHIO 1.

~'=====-======-========='~ INDIA-BURMA-SIAM the family from many evils and mis- tively displayed behind glass on fortunes -leprosy, itch, ophthalmia, the side of the car. There is Child Wives and Widows the death of young children and the seating accommodation for four invasion of the house and garden by passengers, in addition to the The following figures show the harmful snakes. The lack of children driver, and a sleeping berth is need for the Indian Women's is another of the misfortunes entailed available when necessary. It Movement to combat some of the by any failure to perform regular carries also a gramophone with handicaps of women and chil- worship in honor of the family snakes. vernacular records and a magic dren in India. lantern for showing slides on the There is a "serpent grove," where Life of Christ, and on the work There were 9,066 wives under the worshipper may repair. Shrines of the Bible Society. the age of one in 1921, but in are in the form of a hooded cobra, 1931 there were 44,082-almost carved from granite. Sacrifices and Two and a half months were a fivefold increase" while the spent in the Tamil country last elaborate ceremonies attend its in- year, during which time over stallation upon a low platform. ten thousand Scripture portions were sold. population had increased only The Mangs Ask for Teachers one-tenth. There were also re- -The Indian Witness. ported 759 widows under one Miss Lillian Picken writes to year old in 1921, and 1,515 in the American Board that a Temperance Advance group of Man g s (outcastes, 1931. The Temperance Committee of The 1931 Census Report gives string workers by trade) de- the South India United Church sired regular Christian instruc- passed the following resolutions the following figures: last September at Madras: tion in the Mang Wada for two Child Wives Per Cent hours every night. After show- 1. In each Council there should be a Temperance Committee to study in Up to one year old …….. °.8 ing their leader that they would all its bearings the question of Tem- One to two years old . . . . . . . be laying themselves open to perance and its relation to the spir- Two to three years old ….. 1. 2 itual life of our congregations and 2. our members. Three to four years old …. 4.2 persecution and trouble of all Four to five years old …… 6.6 2. That wherever possible a survey Five to ten years old. . . . . . . 19.3 kinds, and explaining to him be made of the location of liquor shops Ten to fifteen years old …. 38. 1 that any desiring baptism must within the area covered by such con- submit themselves to Christian gregation, and that efforts be made Child Widows Actual Number instruction and Christian dis- through local channels to have such cipline for at least one year, shops closed. Up to one year old. . . . . . . . . 1,515 after which if they proved One to two years old. . . . . . . 1,785 3. That in town congregations, pas- Two to three years old ….. 3,485 tors and Church Committees make ef- Three to four years old …. 9,076 worthy they could be baptized, forts to foster a public opinion among Four to five years old .. . . . . 15,019 its members with a view to discour- Five to ten years old …… 105,482 Miss Picken agreed to go to aging the use of liquor and bringing Ten to fifteen years old …. 185,339 them. the Gospel to bear on those, whether within the Church or beyond its The yearly average of moth- On the fifth night a party of bounds, who are in danger of coming ers' deaths in childbirth is 200,- under the power of the drink habit. 000, or 24.5 per 1,000. In some Brahmin gentlemen came to proparts of India the average infant test in courteous fashion. On 4. That those having votes in elecmortality is 400 per 1,000. tion of members to the Legislative being told that one must teach Councilor Assembly should satisfy -Dnyanodaya. when asked to do so, they themselves that those for whom they aroused the whole city. Persecu- vote will use their influence and posi- tion began in earnest; Mangs tion for the furtherance of temper- ance. The "Family Snake" were threatened with loss of livelihood. Extravagant offers -International Christian Press. It is strange but true that mil- were made to Mangs who would lions of people in India worship abandon the meetings. But the Negro Delegation Heard group stands firm, and asks for snakes -live snakes of every continued teaching. Mention has been made of the variety. Not only are there Negro delegation visiting India snake groves in every little vil- Bible Caravan Experiment lage, but in some homes the fam- ily snake roves about the hearth The British and Foreign Bible unmolested. India's Millions Society is carrying on an experi- gives some authenticated facts: ment with a motor caravan for Here snakes are encouraged to carrying the Scriptures. It is so dwell, in order to ensure freedom for built that they can be attrac- [209 ]

under the auspices of the Stu- The Valley is 792 miles north of the whole Bible, in four octavo dent Christian Movement. This Rangoon, and six days' march volumes, was in the language of group has now visited all the im- from the nearest post office. the people.-AZliance Weekly. portant student centers in South The inhabitants are Jinghpaws India. Everywhere they have or Kachins and their religion is Pen Picture of Sritamarat Animism. A primitive race, been received with great cor- they appear to have neither The Presbyterian Board gives diality, not only by Christian medicines nor cures for diseases, a pen picture of Sritamarat, groups, but by the general pub- but rely entirely on sacrifices of Siam, as seen today. The city lic. Their story of 14,000,000 fowls, pigs, dogs and buffaloes has a surface sewer system of Negroes who were treated as ditches and one wide street, also slaves till some 75 years ago, ac- to the spirits for a cure. Med- a few side streets. There are no quiring for themselves an ac- ical aid is found to be a tre- street cars, gas or telephones. cepted position in the national mendous help in presenting the Electric lights have recently life of America challenged atten- been introduced, and now the tion, and set people to thinking Gospel. streets are lighted by electricity. seriously about the 50,000,000 The provincial government ofso-called depressed classes. One of the great problems of fices are in Sritamarat. Without the Valley is opium, for there the city walls there is a section Traveling Mission Dispensary are no restrictions, as in other occupied by the Malays and here parts of Burma, to poppy culti- they have their market. Fur- A nurse of the American vation nor to the consumption ther on is the business section, Board Hospital at Ahmednagar, of the drug. Most of the men including dry-goods stores owned now closed, has started a new take it, often commencing the enterprise, self-supporting from habit at the age of 15. About by Indian merchants, provision the beginning: a district travel- 200 addicts have been cured of and native drug stores belonging ing dispensary. In a summer the habit, but they are warned to the Chinese and little open trip of ten weeks, treatments of the danger of taking it again market stores kept by the were given to more than 730 pa- when they fall sick, and taught Siamese. tients. Experiences of the that only the power of God can nurses have not lacked in va- help them to resist the tempta- One of the problems of evanriety. A cloud of dust; a long tion. Some years ago a slave gelism is how to reach the Chitrail of humans coming, nearer escaped from the Valley and on nese who come to this section of and nearer they advance. Wom- conversion gave up opium and Siam to engage in business. As en with drawn, painful faces, drink by faith alone. Today, he they have their own dialects, it is carrying babies on their hips. is a living witness to the power difficult to find a man who knows Babies with marks of inherited of God. There is now a young several dialects and is thus able disease, big ulcerating sores, Jinghpaw Christian native of the to teach them. They are always eyes dulled by opium. Old men, Valley doing the work of an on the move; going where their bent from toil; furrowed faces evangelist, and also learning the business interests are. This fact tell the story of a lifelong fight use of simple drugs. He goes to seriously affects the c h u r c h for the scanty daily bread. Then the villages with a supply of membership. The church has a procession of young people, medicines and dressings, preach- tried to keep hold of them by each walking with a bamboo ing the Gospel and healing the giving each a letter of dismissal sick. to another church, when they stick. What is the matter? Oh, Burmese Bible Centenary leave this field. The work it is the curse of the dirty water, among the Siamese progresses the guinea worms, forming ter- Here is another centenary. slowly. Buddhism, like Mohamrible abscesses all over their legs. The issue of the Bible in the medanism, offers its difficulties Burmese language, the transla- "We noticed that you washed tor being the great missionary, to the Christian worker, yet a a lot, and used very clean things, Adoniram Judson, was on De- Buddhist makes a good Christian and you had God's medicine to cember 29, 1835. The first book when once converted. More inject into the body," said one translated, the Gospel of Matold woman. thew, was printed by George helpers are needed to go out into Hough, on a little hand press the surrounding districts where —AfissiotUlry llerald. that he had brought to Burma. the field is large and waiting for the message of Christianity. Pioneer Work in Burma The release of slaves in the No more printing was done until CHINA Hukwang Valley by the Govern- Cephas Bennett arrived in 183Q. The "League of Ten" ment of Burma in 1925-1928 Then Luke and Ephesians came drew attention to the spiritual out, and finally, on December 19, General Chang Chih Chiang, needs of this unadministered 1932, the whole New Testament the head of the Bureau of Phys- territory, and as a result of was off the press. The Old Tes- ical Culture of the Chinese Gov- prayer for five years, sanction tament was printed in detached ernment in Nanking, was con- was received in 1930 for a Med- parts, until the great day came, verted as the result of his ob- ical Mission to be established. just a hundred years ago, when servation of the changed conduct

OUR WORLD-WIDE OU'l'LOOK

of Christian Chinese comrades. than Christianity in China. She its last meeting noted that there He has maintained ever since a writes in The Life of Faith: had been a definite increase in very earnest and consistent the quality and amount of direct Christian testimony. He has Nanning is becoming a very up-to- evangelism during the past year. acted as the Chairman of the date city. Beautiful buildings are be- Attention was called to the Commission for the Suppression ing erected everywhere; wide motor dearth of new missionaries, and of Opium; has been an active roads are constructed in place of nar- the net loss of twenty-five misevangelist, and has purchased row cobbled streets, and motor cars sionaries from the mission staff and distributed thousands of are taking the place of sedan chairs, during the year. There are at copies of the Bible among his but in spite of all the outward signs present 380 workers, scattered Christian and non-Christian of improvement, the hearts of the peo- in many provinces. friends. ple are still dark with sin, and they seem more indifferent to the Gospel, The Project Plan, which seeks He is the founder and active harder to win for the Lord Jesus. to take away subsidies from the leader of an evangelistic move- Many of the deserted temples have local congregations and use the ment known as "League of Ten." been cleaned up, and new, gaily- funds in projects, is already Groups limited to ten members painted idols placed in them. functioning in four-fifths of the pledge themselves to daily Bible stations. The spiritual results study and prayer, to the reading At a woman's temple one sees a are already definite and wideof some classic literature in ad- constant stream of worshipers; at the spread. The churches have been dition to daily physical exercises. entrance they purchase quantities of stimulated. There has been a Each one promises to bear per- paper money which are immediately great increase in Bible study, sonal religious testimony to burnt in a charcoal fire. The smell of volunteer work, revival services somebody every week, and to incense fills the air, and the monoto- and efforts to reach the unevanseek to win at least one person to nous chanting of the women priests gelized as never before. Christ every year. As new makes one feel conscious of the members are won, new groups powers of darkness. -The Presbyterian Tribune. of ten are formed. Museum and Evangelism Finnish Missionaries -London Missionary Herald. Rev. D. C. Graham, Baptist The missionaries had been missionary in Chengtu, West driven from the field by bandit From Dark Occultism China, is in charge of the new Reds. For a while there was not University Museum. It contains even any knowledge of their The China Inland Mission re- more than 15,000 objects at the whereabouts. cords the conversion of an old present time. One of Mr. Gra- Chinese lady who had been a ham's objectives is to make the In the October number of the popular spirit medium. Her museum a means of evangelism, Missionstidning for Finland it home was full of paraphern,alia and moral and educational up- was stated that the missionaries used in demon worship. She lift. had contacted with Tsingshih heard the Gospel and very soon and the Home Board sent a after dreamed that she heard a "While traveling among the cablegram to this place. This voice saying, "If you have any- Chuan Miao," he says, "collect- supposition has proved to be cor'- thing to do with this Jesus I can- ing curios and studying their reet and a letter was received by not use you. He is true. Go to customs I have preached to the Board which describes the Him." The outcome was that them. I started the first evan- conditions in the field. This letshe turned to God, in spite of gelistic work and helped in the ter has now been published in bitter opposition on the part of opening of the first school among the November number of the her husband and relatives. them. Our mission was unable Missionstidning and also in the Eventually she was the means of to continue the work there and Suomen Ldhetyssanomia. ' leading her husband, her three I have helped connect it up with sons and her daughter-in-law to the United Methodist Church Missionary Koskinen, who the Lord. In the meantime, all working in that area. Today succeeded in assembling the mistraces of idol and demon wor- the believers number one thou- sionaries who had been in the ship had been swept clean from sand; there are 13 junior pri- field at Tsingshih, had gone with her home and burned. The mary schools and one senior pri- Pastor Meedar as far as Tayung. woman, her sons and her daugh- mary school. The first Chuan While the Reds have not been ter-in-law were all baptized, and Miao student has entered the cleared from the whole field, the now services are held every Sun- West China Union University government troops had the day in her home. here at Chengtu and is prepar- upper hand. The government ing for evangelistic work among plans to construct a new road for Deserted Temples Reopened his own people. The museum automobiles run n i n g from has been the entering wedge." Changteh to Tzeli and it is soon Miss Lilian Barrett, of the to be open to traffic. Bible Churchmen's Missionary -Watchman-Examiner. Society, thinks that Western Missionary Finck, of Tsingcivilization has more influence China Council Sees Progress shih, reports that in his locality mission work is again in full The China Council of the Pres- swing and the missionaries are byterian Church is the clearing house for all the work of that great church in China, with its seven missions. The Council at

thanking God for having again sion and thought, covering the tional Economic Council office. . . . opened the doors. best in many nations and in Seventeen couples were married at many ages. Cambodian Uses His this joint ceremony. The invitations Opportunity Fifty hymns are Chinese were for ten o'clock. We arrived at originals, both in words and in ten-thirty and the ceremony was ac- A ChrisUan Cambodian is music. Contests for the fifty tually begun at high noon and lasted pilot of a ferry on the great hymns and tunes were organ- one hour, during which time the Mekong River, French Indo- ized, with the result that 200 couples, their friends and relatives, China. He sits on his boat with hymns and 500 tunes were sub- and hundreds outside, stood paa small box close to his seat. mitted, thus demonstrating a tiently. . . . Everyone that crosses on his tremendous interest in the Chiferry is sure to have some por- nese Church in such a task. As we left the place we looked in tion of the Word when he leaves. Selections from the book are be- at the married couples and their rela- While the Cambodian portions ing sung in America. tives who were seated at square tables are forbidden in all of Cambodia, waiting for the feast provided for here is one place where a Chris- -Advance. them as part of the ceremony paid for tian does as he pleases. He gives by the two-dollar fee. They are under away portions every day in four To Improve Christian obligation not to have any private languages, and so far no one has Literature feasts at home to run up additional stopped him. Recently he gave expenses. out portions in French to four Fifteen Christian literature men that crossed with him. He agencies working in China were We were told by one of the leaders tried to tell of Christ, but does represented at a conference on in this rural reconstruction work that not speak French; they accepted Christian Literature held in the main object of these mass wedwith smiles and thanks. About Shanghai, November 12 – 13, dings is not to save expense, but to 50 miles from the ferry their under the auspices of the Na- break an established custom that is car skidded at a curve and all tional Christian Council. This crippling the people. If one can be were killed. He felt he had conference was unique in that it broken, others may be also. given them the last warning, brought practically all China's and perhaps the only one they literature agencies face to face "Brotherly Love" had ever had. God is using him for the first time. The first day mightily, and will have a harvest was spent in reviewing litera- A cloudburst wiped out sevof souls some day from this ture as existing and needed. eral Chinese villages. Rev. Edgreat province. No preacher This furnished the basis for a ward H. Smith, of Ingtai, China, has been able to get residence united program in which each was doing relief work. Finally in this section. The relief pilot society might share according to he started home with a group of has been taken off and he is its particular purpose. The boys from 7 to 10 years of age, obliged to stay on duty 24 hours principal fruit of the conference who would walk the entire 50 a day, sleeping when he can. was a decision to share coopera- miles. In the road stood another These conditions have almost tively information about books ragged, barefoot chap. His eyes driven him from the place, but needed and in preparation. The were full of tears and he said he has decided to stay on for the Association of Theological Sem- over and over again: "You must sake of the testimony he is able inaries, organized last summer, take my little brother. Here he to give. is to be approached for aid in is only six years old. I can find securing funds from Nanking something to eat watching goats, New Hymnal Ready Theological Seminary for sub- but I can't take care of my little sidizing theological literature. brother. You must help my In 1928 the Episcopalians be- Another conference is to be little brother. N eve r mind gan to prepare a hymnal which called in the near future. about me." "A Huo, I can't take should be a more indigenous ex- any more and your little brother pression of divine worship for -The Christian Century. is too small to walk these fifty Chinese than anything published miles," rep lie d Mr. Smith. up to that time. Three other Weddings En Masse Clutching Mr. Smith's coat the groups were planning to produce boy sobbed, "Oh, sir, yes, he can hymnals for their own commu- Miss Helen Calder, retired -he can walk, and I can't care nions. Someone proposed that secretary of the A mer i can for him. You must take my little a union hymnal be published Board, is spending a year in brother. I will get along somewhich s~ould include all groups, China, and sends this incident of how." Mr. Smith adds, "Who and the Idea caught the imagina- human interest: could resist that appeal? I said tion of church leaders. As a re- 'A Huo, I'll take you both. Get sult, after much prayer and Yesterday we were invited to one your little brother and bring labor, a hymnal has been pro- of the mass weddings which are being him down to Ingtai. Any boy duced with a unique inclusive- pushed all over China, to reduce the who can forget himself for his ness and catholicity of expres- heavy expenses usually incurred at little brother has the right atti- private weddings. Families borrow tude to make a good man.' " money at 24 to 36 per cent interest to pay the bills, and get saddled for JAPAN-CHOSEN life with debts. This wedding was the second to be held in a country New Religious Bill place and was arranged by the Na- A bill soon to be urged upon the Diet proposes officially to recognize three religions, Shinto,

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

Buddhism and Christianity; and miliar treatment of the imperial tionalistic movement that has to place all branches and sects of family and tradition as the cen- swept the country. these faiths under government ter of Yamato-Damashii was resupervision according to specific sented in certain circles. Salvation Army in Chosen rules. This would throttle vital Christianity of power to effect Following the recall and sup- So eager are Korean children life in Japan. Some see even pression of the entire edition, the for mod ern education that greater significance in the vir- staff of the Graphic, both Jap- groups of school boys are sometual admission that Shinto is a anese and American, were sub- times seen on a train at a quarreligion, not a philosophy or pa- jected to thorough questionings ter to four in the morning, on. triotic observance, and that a as to the history, nature and their way to the nearest governbow before a Shinto shrine is a purposes of the magazine. It 1'S ment school. They return home religious act. now hoped to resume pUblication at 8 in the evening, do their in the near future, but it is safe homework, sleep on the floor of New Picture Method to prophesy that both Japanese their one-room home with the and English editions will be less rest of the family, and catch the A time-honored entertainment liberal and aggressive in the fu- early train next morning. Such for children in Japan is known ture.-The Christian Century. is the report of a Salvation as the paper theater. It consists Army major, after twenty-five of a box into which pictures are Kagawa Wants Rural years' service in Korea. In his slipped, and it is quite a com- Churches pioneer days, the usual method mon sight to see a bunch of chil- of travel was by pony or on foot. dren around a man who tells Dr. Kagawa, who has little Often the maj or had to walk 30 them old history and fairy use for imposing architecture, or 40 miles to his services. His stories with the aid of this con- laments that while Japan's cities wife was the only white woman trivance. The children each pay have many churches for the within many miles. Crowds about a farthing. This method well-to-do, the humble Japanese came just to see her, and were of showing pictures and telling farmers and fishermen, number- converted through her singing. stories has been copied in Sun- ing some 30,000,000 in 9,600 vilday school work, and a young lages, have almost no churches. Today, there are increasing Japanese clergyman uses it with There are only 170 chapels for numbers of Korean Salvation great effect to attract children religious exercises which, Dr. Army officers, and in some cases when he pays visits to near-by Kagawa thinks, should be held the second generation of Chriscountry towns. The stories he at least twice each week, prob- tians are taking their place in tells are from both the Old and ably on Sunday and Wednesday the Training Home of the Army. New Testaments, and it is quite nights. Besides, the chapels customary for him to get an should offer meeting places for -The Christian. audience of a hundred children, classes and discussion groups. who listen and watch with rapt Such church buildings could be ISLANDS OF THE PACIFIC attention.-C. M. S. Gleaner. erected at a cost not to exceed $280 each, or $280,000 for the Fiji After Fifty Years Christian Monthly Suspended thousand that the Japanese leader hopes to build. A corps Joni was the first Fijian con- The Christian Graphic for De- of 5,000 trained laymen, most of vert to Christianity, and the first cember was confiscated by the them farmers who can earn their local preacher. The Jubilee cele- Japanese police and temporarily living in their trade and preach bration in 1885 marked the discontinued publication. The for nothing, have been enlisted turning of the whole people of Graphic has been well known in to furnish the leadership. Fiji from darkness to light, ele- Japan and in other lands as a mentary though their Christian nondenominational pic tor i a I Dr. Kagawa says that 150,000 knowledge was. At the cenmonthly with English and J ap- new members have been added tenary celebration in 1935, furanese magazine sections, and de- to the Christian churches of ther change was expressed in voted largely to the cause of Japan in the last ten years. The one phrase, Fiji is reb 0 r n. Christian evangelism, social jus- people are eager for the realities Heaviness and dullness have tice and world brotherhood. On of religion. In the high schools given place to an appearance of several occasions since the con- of Tokyo, for instance, a reli- intelligence and attractiveness. flict in Manchuria and Shanghai, gious week is observed each Incongruous attire is no longer the sheet has been in police toils year, and a day is given over to seen. The change in the chilover questionable material ap- each of the nation's faiths, in- dren was very noticeable. Inpearing in Japanese, but this cluding Christianity. In some stead of the ringworm, ugly time the trouble has arisen over of the schools it has been shown sores, eye diseases, so common an English article by Willis La- that as high as 60 per cent of years ago, one saw clear skin mott, prominent Presbyterian the students are Christians. and bright eyes; instead of furmissionary, on "Japanese Pa- Everywhere the students are tive, frightened looks, happy, triotism." Too frank and fa- getting Christian ideas and smiling faces. ideals, despite the strong na- Another development has been in the musical field. Half a cen-

tury ago, a missionary stated in Mosher, of the Philippines, with widely characterized as "the best a magazine article that the the disappearance of a feeble- yet." Among outstanding acmusical ability of the Fijian was minded Bontoc. One of the tivities of the Mission have been older women dreamed that the the establishment of more ex- "about equal to that of a cow." inhabitants of the near-by vil- tensive Christian Leadership At the Centenary a group of lage of Tukukan had done away Training Schools and Bib I e with him, and in revenge, after classes in three of the four dia- Fijians sang the Hallelujah an abortive attack upon Tuku- lect fields; the change of status kan, the Bontocs murdered the of Silliman Institute to univer- Chorus without conductor or ac- governor's secretaiI'Y. The y sity standing; and revivals and companist, in a manner that won stoned his children, threatened evangelistic efforts which have the highest appreciation, and to burn hi:-:. house, and then been a blessing. speared him in the back. The 'will live in the memories of all Philippine constabulary s u c- Because of the very abundant ceeded in averting pitched bat- opportunities for Christian servwho heard it. tles between the two villages, ice for lay workers, training -The Missionary Review but the trouble is far from set- schools have been established, (Australia) . tled. -The Living Church. varying in length from five days to four weeks, but in all of them Revival in West Borneo Evangelism in Bohol leaders of congregations gather at some central point for a pe- Two students from Makassar Between the large northern riod of Bible study and spiritual island of Luzon and the Moro- inspiration. In addition, man,: Training School, working among famed island of Mindanao is the three-day Bible classes have smaller island of Bohol. It is of been held in individual congrethe Dyaks of West Borneo, tell interest to travelers because of gations by itinerating mission- its corn crop; its smooth, daz- aries. Much faithful service for of "human skulls taken from the zling – white coral sur f ace d the Master is being done by roads; and its many beehive- young women who have been long-houses and buried, drunk- shaped hills. It is of interest to trained as deaconesses and the missionary because of the kindergarten – teachers. Bible enness ceasing, men returning 420,000 people who dwell there. reading has been g rea t I y stressed; millions of pages of to their deserted wives, men and A missionary at work there Christian literature have been decided that the best way to published in the various dialects, women healed of sickness, and bring a revival to the group was and in English by mission and to lead their old believers of commercial presses. some even raised from death's twenty years standing into ac- t;ive work for Christ. He there- -The Philippine door. Some two thousand have fore led a party of them to dif- Presbyterian. ferent small islands in the neighshown genuine interest in the borhood. There they witnessed NORTH AMERICA concerning Christ's s av in g teaching of the Gospel, and of power and finally found a village Religion and Unemployment ripe to the harvest. As a result, these 508 have been baptized." when the missionary vis i ted Roger W. Babson, statistician, there at the close of the vacation maintains that the United States In Sumatra the Christian Al- season, he baptized 28 persons. has never worked clear of unem- ployment cycles until there had liance has effected entrance More Daily Vacation Bible been a great wave of religious Schools were conducted this year revival; and that it is not likely among the Kooboos, an aborig- than ever before. The 77 volun- that the present unemployment teer teachers taught 46 schools problem will be solved without a inal race of low order. They during the vacation season, national spiritual awakening. reaching 1,450 children with "During our country's history have little clothing, live in dirt Bible teaching. Thirty thousand there have been many panics, Scripture booklets and tracts, but in 300 years there have been and squalor, the children are 24,000 pages of mimeographed only six great movements in em- material, and 500 Gospels were ployment," he said. The first covered with nasty sores, and distributed. -The Philippine- movement away from unemploy- ment in 1680 was accompanied are often deformed. The homes Presbyterian. by a wave of revivals; the preaching of Jonathan Edwards are rickety shacks overrun with A ,Banner Year and Whitfield marked the second in 1730; the movement between cockroaches. Yet these folk are Last year, the thirty-sixth of 1800 and 1810 was coincident the Presbyterian Mission in the with the preaching of Finney responsive to the Gospel. Philippine Islands, has been Mr." Jaffray, of the Celebes, tells of two Chinese defaulters, in p r i son, who were bbth brought to the Saviour and be- came witnesses among' fellow prisoners. They have become fast friends, and on their dis- missal from prison agretld to go into business together. They are now visiting China and Japan, making plans for an ex- tensive business, and have laid down as a foundation principle that one-tenth of their profits shall go to the furtherance of the Gospel. Thus the seed is being sown. -So S. Times.

Head Hunting Breaks Out In spite of 35 years of American and church influence in the Philippine Islands, head-hunting has begun again. The trouble started, according to Bishop

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

and other evangelists; in 1850 The Methodist Episcopal interchange of plays and programs, came D. L. Moody and in 1898 and other cooperative means. Billy Sunday and the evan- Church, which commonly is regelists of his day." garded as the "Northern" group, 4. We shall expressly set our faces like flint against mob violence for any – Watchman-Examiner. numbers 4,259,000 communi- cause whatsoever, and shall use our cants; the Methodist Episcopal utmost influence upon public officials Religion On the Air Church South has a membership and opinions for complete eradication of 2,243,000, and the Methodist of mob violence. The Living Church says that there are more than forty reli- Protestant Church about 200,- 5. We have been taught, "God hath gious programs broadcast every 000. These churches in foreign made of the same blood all men for to week through national or sec- dwell together on all the face of the tional hookups, and sponsored countries have about 600,000 earth." We believe that. by established religious groups. members. These regular programs are -The Christian Advocate. under Protestant, Catholic and Under the proposed plan the Jewish auspices, and do not in- "Unofficial Ambassadors" clude the scores of broadcasts church-to be called the Methmade periodically by single odist Church – will be divided The year 1936 marks the comgroups, such as local church fed- pletion of twenty-five years of erations and individual clergy- into six conferences in the service of The Friendly Relamen. United States, five for whites tions Committee, whose secre- and one for Negroes. Each taryis Charles D. Hurrey. Dur- There are at present 14 na- jurisdiction will elect its own ing the quarter century approxitional broadcasts under Protes- Bishops. mately one million dollars have tant auspices every week, 13 of been expended in a varied prowhich are supervised by the De- Presbyterian Diamond Jubilee gram of activities among stupartment of Religious Radio of dents from a hundred countries. the Federal Council of Churches. The Southern Presbyterian There are 16 regular broadcasts Church is observing its Diamond At least ten Foundations have of Jewish interest, according to Jubilee in a forward movement appropriated generous sums for information issued by the Union in which daily Bible reading is fellowships for foreign students. of American Hebrew Congrega- given a prominent place. Other Governments abroad are facilitions. Roman Catholics have 10 aims put forward, says the tating the exchange of students regular programs while, accord- Christian Observer, are: and professors between their ing to the National Council of countries and ours. Catholic Men, there are an addi- 1. To foster a more vital sense of tional 26 programs. Many of the fellowship of Christ, and a more Seen through the years, forthe latter, however, may have ardent desire to do His will. eign students have been a transbeen discontinued recently. forming factor in American life. 2. To develop in individuals and in Their frank criticism has in- Plans for Methodist Union the churches a more fervent and con- fluenced the revision of some stant spirit of evangelism, that the textbooks in our schools; teach- In Cincinnati,. on December Church may not lag in her supreme ers have become more friendly 5th, a joint committee of fifteen, business of winning men to Christ at toward the alien's problems. representing fifty commissioners home and abroad. From the American viewpoint, who in turn represent the Meth- gains from this inter-relation odist Episcopal Church, the 3. To lead people into a better have been many. Methodist Protestant Church understanding and more faithful and the Methodist Episcopal practice of Christian stewardship of LATIN AMERICA Church South, approved a plan life and possessions. for the union of the three great Religion in Mexico Methodist churches in the The Jubilee Theme is "Christ United States. and His Church First." A recent book, entitled "Reli- gion in Mexico," by G. Baez This unification plan must be Race Relations Camargo and Kenneth G. Grubb, ratified by the churches them- says that the Roman Catholic selves in their general and an- Young Southern Christians, Church in Mexico has collapsed. nual conferences, before it be- meeting in Memphis, December Where in 1926 there were 4,493 comes effective, and that is likely 27-30, had this to say regarding priests in active service in Mexto take at least six years. It is race relations: ico, today only ·197 are allowed hoped that by 1944, 100 years to minister to the people. Mexafter the church in the South 1. We recognize we cannot right- ico will never again be an exseparated on the question of clusively Roman Catholic nation. slavery, the union will become a fully call ourselves Christians until fact, uniting in one body more The Social Revolution has than 7,000,000 communicants. we face honorably our responsibilities paved the way for broader evan- gelistic work; it has opened the as members of the social order in door to the Indians of the coun- tryside. One of the opportuni- which prejudice, discrimination and ties is to interpret our religion to a people that every day is be- injustice are the daily portion of a coming more awake socially.

vast number of those of other races who rightfully call America the land of their birth. .

2. We must adopt an attitude lead- ing to the treatment of every other person with complete courtesy and respect regardless of race, color or nationality.

3. To inform ourselves and seek to enlist others in efforts to better under- stand other races through actual ob- servation, reading, study, discussion,

Prof. Camargo is writing for "They say that people make ated the largest English school the leading daily paper of Mex- long pilgrimages to burn candles in Poland, with 700 pupils. ico; he is meeting the intellec- before this shrine, many kneeltuals on their own ground; he ing a block away from the Objections of the Polish auis loyal to the Gospel in showing church and approaching the thorities were based on alleged them that in it we have a force image on their knees. In speak- failure of the organization to to lead Mexico out of its maze. ing to one of these people about conform to the Government's ad- "We are thankful for the situa- the Lord one finds it very diffi- ministrative requirements; there tion," says he, "for it is forcing cult to get his mind away from were no objections to religious us to change much of the tech- his 'Senor de Chajul' and cen- activities. It is questioned nique of our work in the tered upon the true and living whether the Southern Methodchurches of Mexico. We are Lord Jesus." ists will obtain compensation for shifting from the program and their investments in Poland. form taken to Mexico by the Witnessing in Brazil missionaries to a program de- Ukraine Reformation veloped in answer to the needs When Mr. and Mrs. O. M. and opportunities of our own Thompson, of the E. U. S. A., Protestants in Europe and people. We are now stressing went to J anuria, Brazil, as pio- America are watching with symcamps for evangelical teaching, neer missionaries two years ago pathy what is known as the evangelism among soldiers and they found that the "whole north Reformation in Ukrainia. There sailors, a program of Christian of the State of Minas Geraes had are between thirty and forty literature, and training schools been unaccountably neglected by millions of Ukrainians, of whom and institutes 'on wheels' for Evangelical forces." Confront- seven millions are in Galicia, training Christian workers." ing them was a wall of Roman where an evangelical revival was Catholic intolerance, furthered begun by returned prisoners – Watchman-Examiner. by the priests. However, several after the Great War. Dr. Adolf families have been won, and Keller, Secretary of the Central Only One Remedy there is now a Gospel Hall in European Bur e a u of Inter- J anuria. The outstations are Church Aid, declares that scenes In the Aztec town Cuautla, in the most fruitful fields. The of the early Christian Church the State of Morelos, Mexico, the country folk seem to have are being repeated. The revival Indian village chief was talking greater desire for spiritual veri- was led by laymen, as ministers with Mr. W. C. Townsend, a mis- ties; there are fewer worldly and teachers after the War were sionary who was learning the diversions in small villages and almost entirely lacking. Con- Indian language. The headman on farms. One village now has verts gathered in farm buildings complained about the awful vice a regular Sunday school. The or dwelling houses, or in the. and ignorance of his town and police authorities of this place open air. Eventually, a Euro- Mr. Townsend suggested some telegraphed to the capital, ask- pean Committee was constituted reforms. ing what action must be taken to assist in the organization of to silence a Protestant preacher. the Reformation. Plans are "No, professor," replied the The reply was on the side of the under way for translating both chief, "those won't w 0 r k. preacher. In the Fabiao Valley Old and New Testaments into There's' only one thing that will. several young men, brought up Ukrainian; also for a translation It's the Bible and it must be in in an atmosphere of bigoted be- of the Augsburg Confessional our own language." lief in saint worship, now carry Catechism. in their pockets copies of the -Pioneer Mission News. New Testament. Ukrainian Protestants are rich in faith, and generous to An Image That Runs Away -Life of Faith. the point of extreme self-sacri- fice, but they are very poor in A writer in the Central Amer- EUROPE worldly goods.-Life of Faith. ican Bulletin tells of a Catholic barn-like temple in a town of Poland Closes Methodist News from Greece Guatemala, which houses "EI Mission Senor de Chajul" (The Lord of The Orthodox Church in Chajul). "We were told that The Warsaw Government has Greece is today using with profit this image at least twice had left appointed a receiver for liquida- methods which have been assoits place in the church, and had tion of the properties in Poland ciated with Protestant work, been found by the roadside a of the Methodist Episcopa-l such as tract distribution, Sunshort distance out of town. In Church South, which are valued day schools and Bible classes,. order to keep it from running at $500,000. This outpost of the Greece is also the best purchaser away again it was put in a glass Southern Methodist Church of of Scriptures among the Balkan case, .two wooden soldiers were the United States, established in countries; 66,658 copies were placed, one on either side, to Warsaw in 1921, had become an sold last year as against 38,264 guard it, each soldier in uniform, important center for religious in Bulgaria, which is a country a wooden rifle in hand, and a jug and educational work. It oper- of about equal population. The of whiskey at his feet to give Union of Greek Evangelical him strength for his long vigil.

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

Churches has now 11 organized jam jai (a bad thing happened looked healthy, clean and well churches of which seven are in the village). When the peo- cared for. A lantern lecture self-supporting. There are 20 ple came running from all direc- with slides showing the connecpreaching stations where com- tions to learn who was dead, the tion between dirt and disease, municant members reside, and missionary told them it was his hospital work in other places, 30 towns and villages where the car. With much maneuvering, etc., was given during the week, Gospel is being proclaimed. The the car was finally dragged to as were also demonstrations of small Evangelical mission to shallow water where the men improved cooking methods, and Moslems in Greek Thrace gives could wade in and lift it to dry cleanliness in the home. cause for encouragement. land. It was then too late to reach Efulan that day, but be- -C. M. S. Outlook. Is the Church Extinct fore daylight the next morning in Russia? the missionary left the car to Example of Faith dry out, while he continued on A bulletin of the World Do- foot. -Presbyterian Banner. A gift of $5,000 has been reminion Movement reports that ceived at Bafia, Africa, for the the Reformed Church in Russia A Teaching Experiment erection of a brick church, comis wiped out completely. The ing as a direct answer to prayer. 200 Lutheran pastors are re- Teachers in Africa as well as The people at Bafia are too poor duced to 18, Orthodox priests in the United States must face to give enough money to build a are continually being shot and the problem of making Bible church large enough to house the the bishops sent to prison. Lay- study a subject of real, living in- big congregations, but they did men are taking the place of the terest to schoolgirls. Miss D. N. pray for help from America to priests. There is real hunger Summerhayes tried an experi- enable them to put up a building for the Word of God, which ment along this line which is de- for the worship of God. When many are studying eagerly. Bi- scribed in the C. M. S. Outlook: it seemed that all chances for bles are entering through Si- such an undertaking were imberia and the neighboring coun- I started a small study group for possible, in direct answer to tries. A representative of the African teachers themselves. It their prayers the money came Federal Council of the Churches proved to be well worth whi:e. Bar- from an individual who is also of Christ in America has re- riers began to go, and I hope the Bible drawing the plans for the cently visited some of the few became more alive to them. Then we church. The lack of wonderchurches still open. The wor- worked the Old Testament syllabus ment or surprise on the part of shippers were mainly old people. for the year into a pageant, "The the natives when they heard that No young men were being Captivity of the Jew." Each leader the money had been given was trained for the ministry. The worked at one episode with a group quite impressive. Hadn't they Church is already thought of as -of girls; all the words were learned prayed for help? Naturally, a remnant of the past. by heart from the Bible, several they would receive it. psalms were sung, and as the pageant AFRICA gradually began to take shape and -Presbyterian Banner. Jive, it became a reality among us, and Transportation and Missions the final performances an uplifting Dondi Medical School experience for the school. We per- Even when a missionary is formed it to an audience of African A Training School for African fortunate enough to have an au- neighbors and friends, and then were Medical Workers was opened in tomobile of sorts, he cannot be asked to do it again for the Christian Dondi, West Africa, October 1, sure of reaching his destination. Council which was meeting in Onitsha. under the auspices of the Amer- On a trip from Yaounde to Eful- ican Board. It provides a threean a Presbyterian missionary "Baby Week" in Tanganyika year course for eligible young started out by automobile and men and women. Students must made rather good time so long A "Baby Week" held at be recommended by both misas the road lasted. But it came Mvumi proved a great success. sionaries and the churches of to an end, and there was a river Fathers as well as mothers and which they are members. Food to be crossed on a pontoon raft, babies were invited; special lec- and lodging will be furnished by which took water so fast that tures were provided for them, the Mission Hospital, the Sara half way across it listed and the and on the day devoted to com- Hurd Memorial Hospital. A car slid off into the water, disap- petitions one of the prizes was small tuition is necessary to pearing entirely. There were for the father who made the best cover some of the heavier exonly a few people in the village cot for his child. More than 200 penses. on the bank, but these cut bush women attended on the first day, rope and diving down managed in response to an invitation to Pilgrimage in Madagascar to tie it to the rear of the car all mothers whose babies had and raise that end; but the front been born in the mission hospi- Malagasy Christians observe stuck fast. So they beat the call tal. Nearly 500 babies were an annual pilgrimage to the drum to say that there was Mbia present during the week,' and Rasalama Church at Tanana- from these it was easy to pick rive, Madagascar. Last year out those whose mothers had saw a record crowd, some ar- profited by the teaching given at the welfare clinic,. for they

riving in bullock carts, many on emphasis on those things which ties are participating in this foot. The Rasalama Church draw all Christians together project: translated by Germans, and the union of the body of printed in England, financed by commemorates the Christian Christ. Americans, distributed by J apmartyrs of that great island. anese and used by Ponapasians. This year's pilgrimage brought -Presbyterian Tribune. An analysis of the American together 215 pastors as well as Useful Arabic Literature Bible Society's records shows that of the grand total of 972 theological students to the "pas- A missionary lately returned languages in which Scripture tors' week" held in connection from Iraq states that he has for publication has occurred the with the pilgrimage. seven years toured extensively complete Bible has now been in that country and has widely published in 175 languages; the A native Sunday school mis- used the Arabic edition of New Testament in 208 addisionary writes that in districts "Selected Portions from the tional languages; portions of far from Tananarive, many of Word of God." He states that the Bible, or one complete book, it is one of the best booklets in in 514 more, and selections from the inhabitants are still heathen Arabic which he could obtain the Bible; that is, less than a and worship idols. In Anativalo and that it was very often ac- complete book, in 75 more lan- cepted with gratitude by Mo- guages. there are a few Sunday schools, hammedans, Jews and nominal but the great difficulty is that Christians. He gives as reasons Centenary of Spirit of Missions many of the heathen parents re- for its popularity and usefulness the following points: 1. It gives The official missionary perifuse to allow their children to go concisely the Scriptures which odical of the Protestant Episto these Sunday schools, but show man's condition by the copal Church, published its first fall and the doctrine of redemp- issue 100 years ago. Consesend them into the fields on Sun- tion through the Lord Jesus quently that journal celebrated days to attend to the cattle. Christ. 2. It begins with the its centenary by printing its J an- story of the fall and other Old uary issue as a centennial num- Nevertheless, the number of Testament passages which are ber. The cover is a reproduc- Sunday school scholars is in- attractive to Moslems. After in- tion of that which appeared one creasing. In Bezanuozano hea- terest is aroused the reader is hundred years ago and the issue often willing to go on to the abounds with arresting, historithenism is steadily decreasing, Scriptures which show Jesus cal material. That the first ediand there are churches in many Christ to be the Son of God and tor appreciated the value of the Saviour. printed word was made plain in of the villages, most of which his introductory announcement have their own Sunday school. In Egypt the old controversial in the new journal: type of book has been replaced WESTERN ASIA by a newer type, which seeks to It is an instructive lesson of God's meet the difficulties of the Mos- providence that when the fulness of Week of Prayer in Syria lem without arousing antago,,: time had come for the redemption of nism. Recently a new form of His Church from papal bondage, a The World's Week of Prayer apologetic has been introduced new art was prepared, by whose in the form of a Christian novel, strange agency the truth, which was was observed in Syria in the written by Mr. J. E. Kinnear. to make men free, should be borne The story presents a contrast be- forth, as "on the wings of mighty Arabic and Armenian Evangeli- tween the ideals and practices of winds," to all the nations. It was in a Christian and a Moslem young the promotion of this great cause that cal churches this year as in past man. Some of the claims of the wonderful influence of the press Christianity are introduced into was first made manifest. . . . It may years. A joint communion serv- the dialogue. be doubted whether we have paid suffi- cient heed to this instructive lesson ice was held in Beyrout on the -A. C. L. S. M. Newsletter. of the consecration of the press.

Sunday following, when the MISCELLANEOUS -The Churchman.

church was filled to capacity, as The Bible in New Tongues *** many as 600 being present. Six The American Bible Society "Give us strength to walk the announces that the number of rest of the road, looking unto ministers officiated, using six languages in which the Bible, or Jesus, the author and finisher of some part of it, has been pub- our faith. Restore us to oUI: different languages-A r a b i c, lished now totals 972. Recent rightful sonship, and keep us pUblications include a revised from leaving the path along Armenian, Eng lis h, French, New Testament and Psalms for which He went who, for the joy use in Ponape, largest of the that was set before Him, en- German and Turkish. Hymns Caroline Islands. Five nationali- dured the cross, despising the shame. Amen.-Robert W. Norwere sung in the six languages wood.

-probably other languages were used, for one noticed at the serv- ice people whose language was Danish, Swedish or G r e e k.

Hymns such as "Nearer My God to Thee," "How Firm a Founda- tion," "Just as I Am," and "My Faith Looks Up to Thee" are equally dear to all. The Lord's Prayer and the twenty-third Psalm also were repeated in uni- son. Prayer was offered in Turkish. _.

This service is coming to have a large place in the life of the Protestant movements in Bey- rout. The Week of Prayer pre- pared the way for it, with its

ORIGIN OF THE HOLI FESTIVAL IN INDIA

A CHRISTIAN STUDENT CONFERENCE, HELD AT AN OLD PALACE IN IRAN ORIGIN OF THE HOLI FESTIVAL IN INDIA "HoIi" is the name of an Indian woman. At first abuse was given only to her, but now, during her festival all are subject to the same treatment, so that it is not safe for respectable women to go abroad till this celebration is over. The following story about her is told in Hindu tradition.

Parlad, having heard that the god Vishnu was almighty and omnipresent, sought to put this to the test. When a potter was making a fire to bake his earthen pots, Parlad saw some live kittens in one of the pots and prayed that Vishnu would preserve them. His prayer was answered and as a result he became a firm believer in Vishnu, much to the disapproval of his father who worshiped Shiva. Failing to persuade his son to give up the worship of Vishnu, the father decided to kill Parlad. He threw him into the water, but Vishnu made him swim and so saved his life. Then the father commanded an elephant to trample the son to death, but the omnipresent Vishnu being in the elephant, the beast refused to touch him. At last Parlad's aunt, named Holi, said, "I will hold him while you heap faggots of fire around us. If I die with him it matters not." Again Vishnu being in the fire, saved Parlad while his aunt perished. As a result Holi is despised by worshipers of Vishnu and at her festival all women are subject to abuse so that it is not safe for them to appear in public during the celebration.

As a missionary in India, I found it useful to tell this story to show that the best way to celebrate the festival is to follow the example of Parlad in accepting truth, even at risk of his life. We should be ready to forsake the religion of our parents if in this way we follow the true God. There is a great contrast between the quiet, reverential worship of Indian Christians and the howling mobs who celebrate the Holi festival. Such were some of these Indian Christians before they were made clean by the blood of Christ.

THE REV. J. G. POTTER. Our Missionary Bookshelf Books Briefly Reviewed for the Readers' Information Duncan Main, of Hangchow. By his human contacts. "A really Gospel of the New Testament is Alexander Gammie. 38. 6d. 159 grand type of man, honest, pp. Pickering and Inglis, London, broad-minded and genuine," said being recovered. To Dr. Heim, Glasgow and Edinburgh. the North China Daily News of him when it heard of his death. Jesus Christ is the Saviour who Dr. Main was one of the most One could not find in missionary notable medical missionaries of history a more really model med- wrought salvation for us and the past generation. He was ical missionary. born in Scotland in 1856, went who is evermore the risen and to China under the Church Mis- The biographer preserves the sionary Society in 1881, worked flavor of Dr. Main's rich person- living Lord. Prayer is a reality. in Han g c how for forty-five ality, but has not dealt fully years, returned to Scotland in enough with the real missionary The Gospel is not sociology, be- 1926, and died on August 30, problems with which Dr. Main 1934. When he arrived in Hang- had to cope, especially in late cause it is so vastly more. The chow the medical equipment con- years as a result of the pressure sisted of a small house with four of Western influence and money depth and the heights of it which rooms and sixteen beds. When in shaping medical education in he returned to Scotland he left China. But he has preserved humanism has lost are profour hospitals with 500 beds, out- well the rich fidelity of Dr. patient's department, medical Main's medical work to its su- claimed here, and the length and and pharmacy training colleges, preme missionary purpose. nurses' training schools for men breadth of it make the dimenand women, radio and electrical R. E. S. equipment, homes for children, sions of humanism seem small. lepers, consumptives, incurables, The Church of Christ and the Prob- Chinese Christian workers and lems of the Day. By Karl Heim, The Gospel is greater than this convalescents, with fresh air D.D., Ph.D. $1.75. 172 pp. Charles homes, isolation hospitals, etc., Scribner's Sons, New York. 1935. and all other statements of it, one of the most extensive and complete medical plants in China This is a great little book. It but each such attempt to state it and entirely his own creation, comprises the Sprunt Lectures for which he raised hundreds of delivered at Union Theological carries us onward toward its inthousands of dollars. Seminary, Richmond, Va., in 1935 by Karl Heim, of Tubingen. finite fullness. R. E. S. Dr. Main was a unique per- The seven lectures deal with the sonality. His Chinese name was failure and decay of the idea of Pratt: The Red Man's Moses. By "Dr. Apricot of Heaven Below." the sufficiency of man's reason; Elaine Goodale Eastman. 8 vo. His motto was "Keep Smiling." the rise of the new faiths of na- $3.00. University of Oklahoma His humor was irrepressible and tionalism and communism; the Press, Norman. 1935. his energy absolutely indomit- fresh discovery of the Eternal able. He was one of the most and Transcendent God; the This is more than the life loving and lovable Christians in reality of sin and the reality of story of an army officer who dethe world. He was a remarkable the atonement; the substitution voted the most active years of horseman, a jack-of-all-trades, a of leaders for ideas in the life of his life to the education and skillful mechanic, a miracle- the modern world; the sole suffi- civilization of America's aborigiworking surgeon, a gentleman ciency of the divine leadership nes. It is in fact a careful and by Western standards and Chi- of Christ; the power of prayer conscientious review of the Red nese standards alike, the leading and the meaning of the resurreC"- Man's relation to Government citizen of Hangchow and a man tion. The book is an illuminat- administration covering 0 v e r of God who preached and also ing illustration of the new cur- half a century. It deals with the spoke of Christ in the most nat- rents of theological conceptions varying policies of Indian adural and persuasive ways in all w h i c h are dominant in the ministration, often contradicto- churches of Europe today. The ry, due to frequent changes in the political set-up of the Indian bureau, and traces the struggle of Col. Pratt who launched a far- reaching experiment in Indian education at the Carlisle School with the slogan: "To educate the Indian, get him away from the reservation into civilization, and when you get him there, keep him." Naturally this advanced idea for the ultimate assimilation of the American Indian into our body politic created intense op- position on the part of those who believed then, and still be- Any of the books noted in these columns will be sent by the Ih:vn~v puhlishers on receipt of price.

[ 220]

OUR MISSIONARY BOOKSHELF

lieve, that the Red Man belongs fully guarded and subsidized seg- bored for his brethren "in Engto the stone age civilization and regation." land, Scotland, Ireland and the that all efforts to give him a Mediterranean. I then passed," modern education are more or To all friends of the Indian he continues, "to Turkey, Persia, less futile. who envisage his future as that Turkestan, Afghanistan, Cash- of enjoying the privileges and mere, Hindustan and the Red P rat t in founding Carlisle sharing in the responsibilities of Sea." sounded the death-knell of trib- full citizenship, as well as realism, segregation and isolation. sponding by "outward and vis- His experiences were as va- Nevertheless, even today there ible signs" to the "inward and ried as his travels. He was are abortive attempts on the spiritual grace" bestowed upon sought as a lecturer at famous part of some who seem to prefer him through increasing knowl- universities, and he married the to have Indians isolated on west- edge of the word of the "Great daughter of an English earl. He ern reservations under their own Spirit," Mrs. Eastman's book is received the degree of Doctor of tribal set-up, where tourists may welcomed as particularly timely Laws from Trinity College, Dubview them as a sort of human and filling a long-felt need. lin. He was the friend of stateszoo. Needless to say the quick- men and scholars, entertained by est and surest way to exter- G. E. E. LINDQUIST. ambassadors, welcomed as a disminate the Indian is to isolate tinguished guest by princes and and segregate him from the rest Joseph Wolff, His Romantic Life and governors, and thousands hailed of humanity. Pratt was ahead Travels. By H. P. Palmer. 222 pp. him as a man of distinction. of his day in sensing this idea 78. 6d. Heath Cranton, London, But there were other experiin all its implications, and he 1935. ences. He contracted typhus proved to be a redoubtable cham- fever. Kurds inflicted 200 lashes pion of the idea of liberating the Probably few now living know on his bare feet, so crippling him Indian from bureaucratic dom- much if anything about Joseph for months. Arab tribesmen ination. Wolff. He was a famous man in robbed and scourged him. In his generation, a missionary Khorasan, he was stripped na- The fight thus launched by whose adventures were stranger ked, tied to a horse's tail, thrown Pratt in 1879 is by no means than fiction. Born in 1795 in into a foul dungeon and offered won. Today the forces of bu- Franconia, the son of a Jewish for sale as a slave. He was rereaucracy are still at work, and rabbi; he felt, before his youth peatedly threatened with death, while they use such high-sound- was passed, the need of some- and several times barely escaped. ing rubrics as "preservation of thing in religion that he did not Bandits seized his horses and native culture," "religious toler- find in the faith of his fathers supplies and clothing, and he ation," "home rule" and similar and entered the Roman Catholic was compelled to walk shivering shibboleths, their efforts point Church, some of whose priests with cold 600 miles in bitter unmistakably in the direction of had befriended him. He decided winter weather. But he endured turning the clock back for "Poor to be a missionary and became a everything undismayed. Lo," at least a half century. student in the College of Prop- aganda in Rome. He was wel- He was a man of exceptional Mrs. Eastman, herself a writ- comed as a young man of high ability and impressive personal- promise, Pope Pius VII and sev- ity-kind and generous; a briler and authority on Indians, was eral cardinals taking a personal liant conversationalist, a gifted for many years a teacher and interest in him. But his alert linguist who fluently preached in worker among them. She points and inquiring mind soon chal- half a dozen languages, and a out that Pratt was sometimes a lenged some of the Roman Cath- missionary whose zeal for the sharp critic of the missionary olic dogmas and he got into diffi- conversion of souls was flaming work on the reservations. He culties that led to his dismissal. fire. But he was a restless spirit, felt that the efforts of the Boards After various wanderings Henry seldom staying long in one place, and societies to build up na- Drummond, a wealthy English- proclaiming his message and tive churches, using their own man, persuaded him to go to making little or no effort to language and under native lead- London where he found in the establish churches. He was fond ership was tantamount to en- Church of England the spiritual of disputation with Jews, Moscouraging tribalism and pro- fellowship that he sought. He lems and any others whom he longing the evils of reservation studied at Cambridge, and at could induce to listen, and tenalife. While this criticism had a the age of twenty-six began his ciously held extreme opinions measure of justice in it at the mission to "the dispersed of my about the millenium and the restime of Pratt's activity it should people in Palestine, Egypt, Mes- toration of the Jews. His closbe noted that today the churches opotamia, Persia, the Crimea, ing years were spent in a quiet are practically a unit in oppos- Georgia and the Ottoman Em- parish in England, where he died ing further isolation and segre- pire." He was supported at first in 1862 at the age of sixty-seven. gation, as well as the revival of by his friend Drummond and tribalism. Mission Boards today later by the London Society for Archbishop Whatey charachold rather to the dictum that Promoting Christianity among terized him as "a missionary "the Indian must be saved by a the Jews. His travels were Shakespeare" ; the editor of process of Christian assimilation amazing. After preaching in the BlackwDod Magazine called him to American life, not by a care- countries named above, he la-

"the most notable of wandering John White of Mashonaland. By C. sible by His first coming 1900 Jews," and added: "We know F. Andrews. 8 vo. 205 pp. $1.50. years ago. neither priest nor travelers to Harper & Bros. New York. 1935. compare with this son of the Jesus Through Japanese Eyes. By desert, this wandering cross- Many missionaries, compar- Toyohiko Kagawa. Cloth, 160 pp. bearer, this Grand Dervish of atively unknown to men, are Price, 3 shillings-75 cents. The Christendom." heroes and heroines, who have Lutterworth Press. London. 1935. given their lives to carry the We may well be grateful to Gospel of Christ to dark and The present visit to America Mr. Palmer for the biography of difficult fields. The story of such of the distinguished Japanese this remarkable man. He has lives is illuminating, and Mr. author of this little book lends written sympathetically and yet Andrews has done well to rescue special interest to anything from with judgment, not hesitating to this one from oblivion. his pen. Written for the purmention the defects and limita- pose of informing the non-Christions of his tempestuous and John White was a British tian reading public of Japan resometimes erratic subject, but Wesleyan missionary to Mrica. garding Jesus' life among men, concluding that he was "an He was born in Cumberland Dr. Kagawa accomplishes his eccentric powerful figure, unlike seventy years ago, and went out purpose with a direct simplicity anyone who has ever appeared to Mashonaland in 1894, and that occasionally goes to the on the clerical horizon before or there had many experiences with heart of great moral issues. since his day," and that "it is wild beasts, snakes and savage impossible to read the story of men. He bravely opposed the Knowing the great sacrifices his life without admiring his tal- oppression of the blacks by that the author has made for his ents, his heroism and his affec- white men and helped the peo- ideals, one hesitates to say any tionate disposition." ple in times of war and mas- word of criticism regarding his sacre. teachings. Yet it must be con- ARTHUR J. BROWN. fessed that this little book gives Mr. Andrews has told the the impression of incompleteness China Christian Year Book. 1934-5. story of this sacrificial life with as regards the great redemptive Edited by Frank Rawlinson. 12 Mo. sympathy and simplicity. It is mission of Christ. Surely Dr. 458 pp. Christian Literature So- full of inspiration for life and of Kagawa believes earnestly in ciety, Shanghai. 1935. lessons on missionary service. the Evangelical faith. Therefore, without gainsaying the magni- For twenty-five years these Christ's Alternative to Communism. tude of his social influence and annuals have been enriching our By E. Stanley Jones. 8 vo. 302 pp. work, one would wish that, even minds on China, the Chinese and $2.00. Abingdon Press, New York. in this brief study, he were more Christian progress among them. 1935. definite respecting those facts of The forty-three contributors in- salvation that make all the difclude Chinese, business men, This is the best study of the ference between spiritual life teachers, editors, authors, exec- subject we have seen. Dr. Jones and death. F. E. GAEBELEIN. utives, Y. W. C. A. workers, and has studied communism at first missionaries of many societies. hand in Russia and China. These Our Korean Friends. By Frederick Part I relates to National Life studies of this social system, in S. Miller. 191 pp. $2.00. Flem- (92 pp.); Part II, Religious Life comparison with the example ing H. Revell. New York. 1935. (120 pp.); Part III, Missions and teachings of Christ, were and Missionaries (17 pp.); Part discussed in his Indian Ashram These delightful character IV, Education (108 pp.); Part at Sat Tal. The result shows sketches make the people of the V, Medical Work (13 pp.) ; Part how completely Christ would ful- one-time "Hermit Nation" seem VI, Literature (30 pp.); and fill the highest ideals of commu- very real. Dr. Miller, who is a appendices and index (58 pp.). nism by substituting love for Presbyterian missionary, knows There are articles on Relations selfishness and by providing the how to weave odd bits of humor with Japan; Modern Chinese pro g ram and dynamic with and quaint revelation of human Women; Communists; The Ro- which to set up an ideal society. nature into a story that proves man Catholic Church; Among The book is written in Dr. Jones' all the world akin. Here is this the Tribes People; Salvation usual style-with a careful and typical incident. "Someone Army; Union Movements; The discriminating use of facts, a knocked timidly at the mission- Missionary Situation; Educa- comparison with Bible teachings ary's door. Opening it, he saw tion; Flood, Drought and Re- and experiences. Christ alone is an old woman, a bag in one hand. lief; Bibliography, etc., but no able to establish and govern an 'Do you eat grasshoppers?' she missionary directory. Here is a ideal society-but there is, to asked, bringing out a string of storehouse of reliable, up-to-date our understanding, no promise them. 'I read that John the information in compact form- or prospect that He will make Baptist ate grasshoppers and especially valuable to editors, effective His earthly kingdom thought you might like some,' lib r a r i e s, missionaries and before His second advent. It is, she explained. It was her alaothers interested in China. It however, the Christians' re- baster box-the best she had to may be secured from the Inter- sponsibility to realize the sover- offer." national Missionary Council, 156 eignty of God in the human heart Fifth Avenue, New York. and to help carry out the pro- gram announced and made pos-

Or take the story of "Concord- ures from many mines-Amiel, and pardon in Hinduism, but ance Ko," who thought he could Rutherford, Guyon and poetsnot find time for Bible study. but chiefly from human experi- without success. Then he found "I'll tell you," said his wife, as ence and the inexhaustible treasthey started for their field work. ure house of the Bible. Mingled Christ and entered joyfully into "I'll tie an open Testament on with many Dohnavur songs and my back and go down the row in photographic gems, is a spirit- His service. The story is a testifront of you. As we squat on ual message to those· eager to the ground you can commit a know and do the Will of God in mony to the power of Christ to verse each time." This ani- the midst of storm and strife. mated bookstand, in time, en- save and suggests ways in which abled Ko to supply chapter and Eastern and Central Asia.. Pamphlet. verse when the Western mission- 33 pp. 6d. New Mildmay Press, to deal successfully with Hindu ary could not locate his text. London. 1935. And thus he became known as seekers. It is interestingly told "Concordance Ko." This is one ofTJte World To- day Series of booklets,· the pur- and is true to the Go.spel. The book is a collection of pose of which is to give infor- ,,~'" ;¥~i:,:. .' just such telling incidents. mation as to what has been done :,'. •.: J and what remains to be done in . t• H. H.F. world evangelization. They will prove of value to those who wish They That Sow: By'Mrrt-y Wat-bur- The Student Volunteer Movement to pray for the work and work- for Foreign Missions-Personal ers in these lands. In this book- ton Booth. 199pp.· ps•. 6d. Pick- Reminiscences of its Origin and let are given important facts as ering & Inglis. LondQrl. 1935. Early History. By Robert P. Wil- to Japan, Korea, Manchukuo, der. Foreword by Jesse R. Wilson. Mongolia, T i bet, Turkistan, This simple narrati~e' teiis of Pamphlet. 63 pp. 25 cents. S. V. China, Indo China and Formosa M., New York. 1935. -a large order for six tee n sowing and reaping among the pages! Naturally the informa- One of the most outstanding tion is meagre, but it serves as women of India. It is admirably movements, initiated and guided an introduction and stimulus to and empowered by the Spirit of prayer, and shows in what pro- illustrated and each chapter is God, is the Student Volunteer portion the fields are occupied by Movement. Like the foreign mis- Evangelical missionaries. prefaced by one of the author's sions movement in the days of the Apostles and as led later by The Serious Aspect of the Ethiopian poems on the same theme. William Carey and the Haystack Situation. World Today Series. By group, so the movement founded Joseph J. Cooksey. Pamphlet. Is. H. H.F. through Robert Wilder has had New Mildmay Press, London. 1935. a remarkable and inspiring his- New Books tory. Here Dr. Wilder gives his This timely booklet reviews own personal recollections. They briefly the Abyssinian situation By Ways Appointed. Briggs P. Dingought to be read and prayed over -the history of the land, the man. 128 pp. 75 cents. B. I. C. by all interested in world evan- people, the church and modern Assn. Chicago. gelization. They furnish much missions. The map is clear but food for thought and prayer and not full, and the statistics, while Christ in the Indian Chur~h-A inspiration for a new advance. not complete, are the most com- Primer of Christian Faith and The secret of the early success plete published. They include Practice. A. J. Appasamy. 170 pp. of the Movement was the prayer Roman Catholics who report 45 Christian Literature Society for Inand Bible study, the sacrifice and missionaries, 30 native priests, dia. Madras. devotion of its leaders and their 94 European workers, 63 native full surrender to the Will of God. workers and a total Christian Crossing Africa in a Missionary community of 16,000. Way. Stella C. Dunkelberger. 106 Gold by Moonlight. By Amy Car- pp. $1.00. S. C. Dunkelberger. michael. Illus. 8 vo. 182 pp. 5s. Here and Now. By A. C. Chakra- Germantown, Pa. Society for Promoting Christian verti. . Booklet. Illus. 80 pp. 8 Knowledge, London. 1935. Annas. Lucknow Publishing House, The Cross and the Reign of God. Hazratganj, Lucknow, India. 1935. Alec O. Hardy. 86 pp. Is. S. P. G. Another beautiful Dohnavur House. London. book-beautiful in conception In the form of a simple narraand executiori, in text, illustra- tive – possibly autobiographical From Fetish to Faith-Growth of the tions and printing. "Gold by in part-is this booklet by A. C. Church in West Africa. W. J. Moonlight" has come from the Chakraverti, a convert from Platt. 2s. Livingstone Press. Lonfurnace of suffering and a deep Hinduism and the founder of a don. sense of human need with a real- Christian ashram at Brindaban. ization and experience of the It is the story of a young Brah- Facing Facts-Year Book of the power to bring life and peace man, a sinner, who sought peace American Missionary Association. and joy out of the midst of trial. 120 pp. American Missionary Miss Carmichael digs her treas- Assn. New York.

A Grain of Wheat. Toyohiko Kaga- wa. 150 pp. $1.00. Harper & Bros. New York.

Gwyneth at Work. Margaret P. Neill. 320 pp. 2s. 6d. Pickering & Inglis. London.

Here and Now. A. C. Chakraverti. 80 pp. 8 Annas. Lucknow Pub. Co. Lucknow, India.

In Seven Nations-Twelve Mission Studies on India, Africa, Japan, China, South America. 50 pp. United Lutheran Church. Balti- more, Md.

The Kingdom of God in Japan. C" Burnell Olds. 69 pp. 25 cents. For 10 or more copies 10 cents each. C. N. Olds, Jr. Cleveland, Ohio.

The Land and Life of Africa. Mar- garet Wrong. 2s. 144 pp. Living- stone Press. London.

(COncluded on third cover.)

THE SCENE AT QUETTA , BELUCHISTAN, AFTER THE' EARTHQUAKE, ON MAY 3 1 , Ifl 3 ~ (Reco nstruction work is nOw going fo r wa rd) DO NOT MISS THE MOSLEM WORLD SAMUEL M. ZWEMER, Editor VALUABLE ARTICLES IN THE APRIL NUMBER Our Evangel and Islam ……………….. , ……….. Samuel M. Zwemer Guests of King Ibn Sa'ud ………………………. Gerrit D. Van Peursem Moslem Converts and the Church …….. .. ….. . ……… Harvey E. Phillips Islam in Tibet . …. ….. . ……………….. . . ….. . .. . M. G. Griebenow An Autobiography of Mohammed . … .. ……. . ….. The late Frank H. Foster A New Version of the Arabic New Testament .. .. . ……… . E. F. F. Bishop The Nile Mission Press . . . …….. . . …………….. .. ….. .J. R. Menzies Rue and the Evil Eye in Persia ……………………… Eda W. Lindquist Some Slave Girls of Morocco ……………. . ………… An Old Missionary The Turkish Transformation …………………………… Caleb F. Gates Freedom of Thought in Islam ………. ' .. . . . . … .. . . …. Sheikh Al Kiyaly Khadijah, Mohammed's First Wife ., ……. …. . . …………. Edward Jurji Current Topics-Book Reviews-Survey of Periodicals » » SUBSCRIBE NOW » « 50 Cents a Copy. $2.00 d Year (postpaid) In combination with THE MOSLEM WORLD THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD 156 Fifth Avenue . New York Citv $3.50 a Year. (Foreign Postage, 50 Cents) British Asenls: MARSHALL. MORGAN & SCOTT, 12 Palomosler Buildings. London. E. C. Price In GlI.t Brillin, Eigh! ShUlln,>. Y…. net

Note. THE IDEAL GIFT AT ALL

Dr. Charles E. Hurlburt, formerly GOD'S MINUTE • • • Here is a marvelous collection of 365 Daily Prayers, A Spiritual ,I missionary in Africa, died in Los .<.ngeles, January 28th, at the age of each 60 seconds long, written by 365 of the most emi. thoughtJor 76. In 1899, he became president of nent preachers and laymen in the world. Cloth, 60 ellery day he Africa Inland Mission, a work be- ;un i(lur years earlier in British East cents; Limp Leatherette. $1.00; Art Leather. $1.50. • <'frica (now Kenya), by Pet"r Cam- rOll Seott, a young Scotsman. GOD'S MESSAGE •• A daily remitlderoJ Under Dr. Hurlhurt's direetion the 365 prominent clergymen have chosen their favorite '. vork grew until it covered an area _'rom Kenya to Tanganyika, and to Scripture passage, and, with this as a text. have written the gitJer a Message that quickens faith. brings comfort. Cloth. he West Nile distl'iet of Uganda, to ;, he Belgian Congo and to French 60 cents; Limp Leatherette. $1.00; Art Leather. $1.50. ~quatorial Africa: Today there are : ~24 missionaries of the A. 1. M. work- 1iI_ _ _ _ _ THE JOHN C. WINSTON CO., Winston Bldg., Phila. ng among 25 tribes, with 1,600 native 'vangelists and teachers. Last year Home for Intemperate Men, died of Reminiscences of Its Origin and (.ver 7,000 baptisms were recorded. Early History. Robert P. Wilder. pneumonia on March 3d at the age of 25 cents. S. V. M. New York. * >I< >I< 81. The Chestercrest Home, as it was Sure Anchor Reciter. Henry Picker- Rev. Jay Thomas Stocking, D.D., ing. 96 pp. 1s. Pickering & Inglis. .:v1oderator of the National General known, was originally located in New London. ::';ouncil of Congregational and Chris- . ian Uhurehes, died of pneumonia on York City and later at Mt. Vernon, Stories from Brazil. William Anglin. •.'anuary 27 at the age of 65. Dr. 96 pp. 18. Pickering & Inglis. Lon· ;·;;toeking had long been an important N. Y.; recently it was moved to Ka- don. f,gure in Congregational C h u r c h ( ircles, and was widely known beyond tonah, N. Y. Dr, Avery was formerly Songs of the Saviour. Carey Bonner. , lis own communion through his many 64 pp. 28. paper; 2s. 6d. doth. ; 'eligious books. an evangelist and has been the means Piekering & Inglis. London.

Rev. W. W. Duff, Presbyterian mis- of the conversion and reformation of Billy Sunday-The Man and His ,.ionary to India since 1921, died at Message. William T. Ellis. 520 j,'erozepur, January 28. He had belm thousands of men addicted to strong pp. $1.50. John C. Winston. Phil- !.Jcated at Moga since 1929, and was adelphia. a member of the India Council of the drink and narcotics. He was highly three Presbyterian missions in India. The Silence of God. Sir Robert An- honored and greatly beloved by fellow derson. 212 pp. Is. Pickering & ** lng-Ii", London. workers and by manv who harl comp Dr. Charles B. Tenny. who for I If you use thirty years was a representative of under his care. . t he Baptist Foreign Mission Society PRINTING •. 1 .Japan, died ,January 12 in New Books r'ochester, New York. Dr. 'lmny YOU will profit from an ac- "a::- counte,l one of the great mission- (Co'l/cluded from poge 223.) quaintanceship with us. We . ry statesmen of his time. do the job complete in our own The Missionary Education of Young plant, whether it be large or ~ *" * People. .10hn Irwin, 1R2 pp. Mis- small. :;ieman' Education Movement. New Dr. George S. Avery, for 35 years York .. While our specialty is Books, resident manager of the Christian Magazines and Pamphlets, yet Nectar from Indian Saints. English we have a variety of modern The Gospel in Print Translation of Mahi,iati's Marathi equipment to meet all the re- Bhaktalilamrit, J. K Abbott, Pun- quirements of your particular Sound Evangelical Literature dit N. R. Godbole, J. F. Edwards . job. You will find our service for the Million 3 R. 498 pp. Aryabhushan Pre>'s. prompt, careful and courteous. Poona, India. Books, Pamphlets, Tracts and Wall Mottoes Will you allow us to estimate On Two Hemispheres-Bits from the on your next printing? We be- for a" ages, classes and needs; also Lifc Story of Lewis G, Jordan. lieve you will be delighted with Lewis G. Jordan. 80 pp. 35 cent" our product. price and service. Bibles, Testarnents, Gospel "portions" paper; 50 cents cloth. 1.. G. Jor- dan; Nashville, Tenn. The EVANGELICAL PRESS and Hymn Books. CI. Supplies for Chris- Oil Lamps Lifted. Pearl DOlT Long- Printers of tian Workers-col porters and evangelists ley. 86 pp. $1.00. Revell. New The Missionary Review of the World York. especially. CI. Book Missionaries wanted PLANT AND MAIN OFFICE OUf Korean Friends. Frederick S. Third and R.ily Str..ts Harrl,bur,. P•• in every community, for entire or part Miller. 191 pp. $2.00. Revell. New York. time; fair financial remuneration. CI. Work Pioneers of the Kingdom. Phyllis S. Ifounded by D. L. MOODY in 1894. Garlick. 158 pp. 2s. 6d. Highway I"The Messages of Good Book. Never Press. London.

! Die." Popular Hinduism. L. S. S. O'Malley. 2,16 pp. $2.50. Macmillan. N('w Write today York.

Bible Inst:~ Colportage Ass'n Religious Education as Character Training. Leonid V. Tulpa. 96 pp. ~……………. 843 N. Wells, Chicago~ $1.50. L. V. Tulpa. Pomfret, Conn.

The Serious Aspect of the Ethiopian Situation — World Today Series. Joseph J. Cooksey. ls. New Mild- way Prcs~. London, The Student Volunteer Movement for Foreign Missions: Personal

THESE SPECIAL

The Missionary Review th~World You will learn in our October number about A/rica from an A/rican Viewpoint The African's View of Africa What Christ Means to Me·-·By Africans African Characteristics and Customs What Christian Missions Have Accomplished···By Africans What Africa Needs Most···By Africans The White Man's Views 0/ A/rica The Results of Fifty Years of Missions Present.Day Hindrances to Christianity What Missions Are Doing Today Heroes of the Cross in .Africa The Next Step in African Missions Best Books by Africans and About Africa Negroes Tell About the J.Ve,gro in America in our June number What American Negroes Are Thinking Negro Views of Negro Problems Some Achievements of American Negroes Ideals for Better Race Relations What Christ Has Done for Negroes Some Outstanding Negro Christians What Negroes Are Doing for Their Race White Contributors Will Write on Helps and Handicaps in Negro Progress Progress in the Past Half Century Some Lessons from Experience in Mission Work The Next Steps in Work for American Negroes Best Books by Negroes and About Negroes Order These Copies Now for Yourself and for Mission St:udy Classes 25 cents a copy $20 a hundred $2.50 a year The Missionary Review of t:he World Third and Reily Streets. Harrisburg, Pa.

ROBERT E. SPEER, President DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Editor

The Missionary Review of the World — November 1934

1934

Religious Legislation in South America Webster E. Browning Good News in the Japanese Press Delavan L. Pierson Good Soil in the Appalachians McCoy Franklin Volunteer Poverty in Action Stanley A. Hunter A Woman's Trip to Central Arabia Mrs. L. P. Dame A Korean Inn..Keeper

FREE! Dates to

A CHRISTMAS GIFT EVERY MONTH FOR YOURSELF November S-Annual Spiritual Ad- AND A WORTHWHILE GIFT TO A FRIEND vance Conference, Philadelphia Fed- eration of Churches. God so loved the world that He gave His Son Christ so loved mankind that He gave His life November IS-Men and Missions Sunday. Millions of men and women have never even heard of this gift of love. As a result they have not the benefits of this gift. What November 2S-National Day of Huare you doing to make God's gift known? miliation and Prayer.

Scripture Text Calendart 1935 THE MISSIONARY November 29-N a t ion a I Day of Thanksgiving. ~~WORID December 4-7-Federal Council of Size of Calendar. 9% xl6 inches Makes known. month by the Churches of Christ in America, month. the need of men. Biennial Meeting, Dayton, Ohio. FEATURES-This nationally advertised Messenger Scripture Text Cal- It describes December 9-Universal Bible Sunday. endar has thirteen full-color copies of January 6-12-Universal Week of religious paintings of suitable size for The wonderful work of God in framing. Brief stories of the pictures. all parts of the world. Prayer. Daily Scripture quotations. Schedule showing how to read the Bible through Carried on by all evangelical FLORIDA CHAIN OF MISSIONARY in a year. Golden Texts for Interna- agencies. tional Sunday School lessons. Flower ASSEMBLIES and birthstone of each month. Pre- The spread of the Gospel in all ceding and following month on each lands. January 26-30-0rlando. page. Phases of the moon. tides. holi- January 27-30-Deland. days. etc. Value. 30 cents each. The transformation of men in January 30-February I-Palm Beaches all lands. February 2-7-Miami. February 7-8-Bradenton. The modern Miracles of Mis- February 7-S-Fort Myers. sions. February 9-IS-St. Petersburg. February IO-13-Clearwater. Why not send THE REVIEW February 13-1S-Tampa. to your Friends-to some pas- February 17-19-Lakeland. tor. missionary. parent. teacher? February 17-19-Winter Haven. It will bring the Christ Message February 19-21-Gainesville. every month. This message February 23-26-Jacksonville. brings joy-peace-life. One of our missionary correspond- Will you give as God has ents makes a request for used postage given to you-FREELY? stamps for a missionary education ex- hibit and for study classes. All coun- CHRISTMAS CARD BOX ASSORTMENT tries are needed, including America, to be sent to the field; of special in- This gift box contains sixteen beautiful cards terest are postage due, air mail, comand folders. each with a Christmas sentiment. memorative, revenue, government engraved Bible text and an envelope to match. service, native states, foreign occupa- Every Scripture text card you mail will bear a tion, charity or old issues, or higher Christian greeting. The quality and variety of denominations of current issues. God both message and design found in our cards are is blessing the work and interest in most attractive. They are produced by one of missions is increasing. Address: Misthe finest art lithograph houses in America. sionary Teacher: 5629 Thomas Ave- Value. 50 cents. nue, Philadelphia, Pa.

NOTIFICATION CARD Personal Items If desired. with every Christmas gift subscrip- Dr. John McDowell, Secretary of the Board of National Missions, and tion we will send free one of our beautiful notification cards. size 5Y- x3Y- recently Moderator of the General Assembly of the Presbyterian Church, inches. in colors. suffered a broken arm in an automo- bile accident in Kansas on October With every subscription we offer to send you FREE either 9th. With Dr. John Bailey Kelly, a box of assorted Christmas cards or two Scripture Text President of Emporia College, he was Calendars. on his way to attend a state confer- ence at Clay Center. Send in your list of Christmas gift subscriptions today. We will send THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD and Notification Card in time to *** reach their destination for Christmas. and your premium selection to you promptly. Miss Grace Emblem, a missionary Subscription price. United States and Canada. $2.50; foreign countries. $3. of the China Inland Mission, and two other missionaries were captured by Subscription Department bandits on October 9th at Lohuanping, near Kweiyang, Kweichow Province, MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD China. They were released Oct. 17th.

Third and Reily Streets, Harrisburg, Pa. *** THIS OFFER IS ONLY GOOD UNTIL DECEMBER 25, 1934 Dr. S. H. Wainright, missionary in Japan for forty-six years, and General Secretary of the Christian Literature Society of Japan, has been elected an honorary life-member of the American Bible Society. Dr. Wainwright has rendered conspicuous service in facili- tating the erection of the new Bible House in Tokyo, dedicated last De- cember.

(Concluded on third cover.)

1fthe Se rv ice THE

calls you East REVIEW OF THE WORLD of Suez … sail DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Editor THE ROUTE PREFERRED with SPEED· COMFORT· ECONOMY VOL. LVII Nov.,1934 No. 11 SINCE 18401 Orient . •. for travel's greatest wonders publication and Business Office Cross to England •.. and embark Third and Reily Sts., Harrisburg, Pa. '01 at London in a great ship of this Line that traditionally and for Editorial and Executive Office FASTEST,SHORTESTroutetoYokonearly a century has carried the 156 Fifth Avenue, New York City hama .•. 10 quick days … by sistervanguard of the Church eastward Entered as second-class matter at ships, Empress ofAsia and Empress to all the lands beyond Suez. P & 0 Post Office, Harrisburg, Pa., under Act of Russia. Or via Honolulu in 3 Liners, of transatlantic size and of March 3, 1879. days more … by Empress ofJapan comfort, stand for the Progress of 25> cents a copy-$2.50 a year. (largest, fastest liner on the Pacific) the West in scores of tropic ports Foreign Postage, 50 cents a year. and Empress ofCanada. and teemingharboursofthe Indian Published monthly, except August. FREQUENT SAILINGS from Van- Ocean and the Pacific. Natives All rights reserved. Copyrighted 1934. couver (trains to ship-side) and measure time by their swift and Victoria. Orient fares include passure arrival. Low rates and new, MISSIONARY REVIEW PUB- sage from Seattle. Orient ports-offast, luxurious ships make the LISHING CO., INC. call: Yokohama, Kobe, Nagasaki, voyage an exceptional value. BOARD OF DIRECTORS Shanghai, Hong Kong, Manila.

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*** What do you say to your friends? That is even more important than what you say to us.

*** Mrs. Wm. H. Farmer, the well- known speaker on missionary topics, spoke so enthusiastically of the June and October RElVIEWS at one of her missionary study circles of leaders that all the copies of THE REVIEW available there were immediately sold and many orders were taken for single copies and yearly subscriptions.

A valuable p*ape*r o*n "Present-Day Shinto," by Dr. Albertus Pieters, will appear in our December issue. Dr. Pieters recently lectured on this sub- ject in Princeton.

[497 ]

COURT PHYSICIAN, THE CROWN PRINCE AND HIS NEPHEW RIADH THE OAPITAL OF CENTRAL ARABIA~LIKE A MEDIEVAL

MRS. DAME AT RIADH-AS AN ARAB TO THE ARABIANS A CAMP SITE ON THE DESERT-PREFEIRABLY NEAR A WELL THE FIRST WHITE WOMAN TO VISIT CENTRAL ARABIA-MRS. L. P. DAME IN RIADH Plates loaned by courtesy of Negle(J/;led Arabiar-See article on pages 517 to 521

NARY

REVIB ORLD VOLUME LVII AN INTERDENOMINATIONAL REVIEW OF WORLD-WIDE CHRISTIAN PROGRESS NUMBER ELEVEN NOVEMBER, 1934 Topics of the Times MISGIVINGS OR THANKSGIVINGS idealism as is being attempted in China. We are Men who look chiefly on the things that are increasingly recognizing the need for a superhu- seen have today many causes for uneasiness and man power that will inspire and enable men to misgiving. There are few signs of an earthly mil- keep the laws of life; there is need for the prac- lenium in present-day conditions. The national tice of sacrificial law that will lead men to serve revolutions, and the threats of international con- their fellow men. In Christ these ideals and flict; the industrial unrest and unemployment; forces are found in their fulness. Where else the assassinations and suicides; increasing ban- than in Him is the hope of the individual, of the ditry and lawlessness; the continued intemper- nations and of the world? We have need at this ance and immorality; the widespread religious time of national thanksgiving, first, to confess indifference and militant atheism-all are sober- our sins and neglect, and to ask forgiveness of ing to men and women who believe in God and God and our fellows and to pray for clearer vi- who seek to advance the reign of righteousness sion, more firm purpose and practical power.

and peace, of truth and love, among men. There But we must not overlook today the many and was never greater need to consider and to pray, great reasons for thanksgiving and praise to God.

to witness and to work. 1. We have reason to be thankful that there It is clear that intellectual training, human so- are battles to fight-not physical but spiritual; cial service, general peace propaganda, industrial that life is not a monotonous round of easy tasks and economic reform, new laws and treaties will and purposeless pleasures. No man or woman was not in themselves provide the remedy for a self- ever made strong by a continuous ride in a per- ish society or a corrupt human heart. Men have ambulator or on a "merry-go-round."

frequently attempted to establish utopias by new 2. We have reason for thanksgiving that God social systems, as is being advocated by certain has provided adequate spiritual forces for spir- factions in America. They have sought to bring itual conflicts. He does not expect us to win with- about ideal conditions, to reform political and out spiritual armor and effective weapons. Faith, economic systems; they have endeavored to build courage, and spiritual talents are real, not imagi- character by general education and have sought nary.

freedom by renouncing all religion-but they 3. We have reason for thanksgiving that we have failed. The enemies of human welfare are are not expected to fight alone or without a too well entrenched to be vanquished by human Leader who has all the wisdom, the benevolence effort and a change of tactics. As Dr. John Mc- and the power of an ideal Captain. Christ has al- Dowell has well said: "Three deadly foes are ready won the victory and is able to lead others threatening the life of the world today-self-will, to victory.

a desire to be outside the law of obedience; self- 4. We have reason for thanksgiving that the interest, the desire to be outside the law of self- issue of the battle is not in doubt-and never has sacrifice; and self-complacency, the desire to be been-for those who follow the divine Leader.

outside the law of fellowship." This has been proved, times without number, and These foes cannot be overcome by militarism as is being proved today in Christian experience at is being attempted in Japan; by nationalism as home and in the fields .abroad. What encourage- in Italy and Germany; by socialistic control of ment and causes for thanksgiving there are in the the proletariat as in Russia; or by democratic men and women who meet victoriously the test [499 ]

of supreme suffering; in the multitudes who turn against the new teaching because they believe it is a to God every year in missions and in churches and conferences; in the young people who are violation of freedom of speech and of conscience. Some dedicating their lives to Christ and His service; in the spiritual awakenings and growth on such are sure that the law will never pass; others are sure it mis~ion fields as Korea, China, Burma, India, AfrIca and the South Seas. The battle is not be- will never go into effect, even if it does pass. Protestant ing lost, though human eyes are too limited in vision and man's mind is too untrained to judge the teachers are beginning to be worried and some say that outcome. There is reason for thanksgiving and hope in proportion as Christ dominates the hearts they ~ill resign if the law goes into effect. The principal and lives of mankind. ~ues.tI~n .before n,tany people is just ~hat is meant by THE CH~LLENGE OF MEXICO SOCIalIstIC educatIOn." No one seems WIlling to define the For centuries Mexico was under the domination of ~he Roman Catholic Church-politically, edu- word….. catIOnally and economically as well as religiously. Since the revolution began there has been con- According to a new reglamento of the Department of tinued conflict between the Government and the dominant Church-involving confiscation and na- Education, that .has not been announced as yet, every tionalization of !and, the closing of church schools, the restriction of religious instruction and the school, whether It wants to be recognized or Endou~t atmiouns.t prohibition of religious activity by all. foreign declare itself in accord with the Department of priests and nuns. If the Department of Education does not approve of the Through these restrictions the Protestant mission work has also suffered. Some of the Mexican teachers, they appoint teachers of whom they do approve. states and the Federal District are experimenting, along Russian lines, with the idea of outlawing What chance would a Bible school have under such a religious instruction for minor children. The Mexican Government has not charged Protestant system? Of course, this reglamento may never become missionaries with impoverishing the people, with propaganda against the State institutions and law but it is in accord with the other tendencies of the with subversive acts against the Government, as she has charged the Roman Catholic authorities Government. The problem of sexual education in the but all religious sects and activities are included in the anti-church campaign. The State of To- schools, that caused so much trouble last spring ~ries not basco, particularly, has inaugurated an anti-re- settled yet either, and arouses the p arents who not ligious program. Images have been destroyed, churches closed, burlesques of religion have been worried by the "socialistic school." given in public. The State is attempting to show that religion is unnecessary in a progressive com- The Protestant leaders, missionary and Meximunity. While Mexico has doubtless suffered can, ~re not ~tanding idly by to see their liberty from some of the activities and influences of the curt~Il~d, theIr work blighted and their activity Church authorities, she is unfortunately follow- prohIbIted. Recent letters from Mexico City ing the example of atheistic or backward nations in promoting intolerance, in planning to teach show that they are approaching the officials in a anti-Christian socialism and in seeking to outlaw tactful and friendly but frank and fearless spirit religious liberty. Mexico cannot afford to fight to bring about justice and tolerance for the good against true freedom and against God as revealed of the people. in Jesus Christ. A prominent Mexican Christian and two Prot- One correspondent from Mexico writes: estant missionaries recently succeeded in inter- viewing the Sub-Jefe del Departamento de Bienes Things do not look brighter as the days pass. According to one of the papers, the bill that has to do with Nacionales, de la Secretaria de Hacienda, and "socialistic education" has passed the committee of the asked if a mission dormitory being used as a lower house and has been turned over to the committee hostel for boys attending the secondary school of the upper house for their action. The whole affair was should be nationalized in order to use it as a kept as secret as possible, evidently because of the fear seminary. His reply was that under no circumof s?me ~!nd .of.a~ outbrea~. There are two active groups stances whatever would either Hacienda or Eduagamst SOCIalIstic educatIOn": the university students c~ci6n permit the running of a seminary on naand the Catholic women. The university students are twnal property, and that the Government's point of view is that all seminaries, whether Catholic or Protestant, are absolutely proscribed. If we na- tionalize any property and then use it as a semi- nary, the Government will at once close the semi- nary and use the property for something else. One of the officials in the Judicial Department of the Government, the Procuraduria General, has sta~ed that Roman Catholic seminaries are pro- scrIb~d by the Constitution, since they educate men III order that they may take a vow limiting their personal liberty, whereas Protestant semi- naries are not so proscribed, since the ministers take no vows to obey superior authorities. The ~overnment, however, does not favor prepara- tIon of men to carryon the propagation of re- ligion. There is abundant evidence of this policy.

In the meantime there are encouraging signs of life in the Protestant Church. One of these is the recent remarkable conversion of Colonel Curti who used to be head of the Traffic Pdlice in Mexico City. (See p. 505.) A correspond~nt writes:

TOPICS OF THE TIMES

He is on fire and is doing personal work everywhere barbaric or given over to superstition and habitamong the politicians and army heads. He is absolutely ual warfare. fearless and tackles generals as I tackle privates. Two weeks ago we went to Puebla to try and win General But the days of missionary pioneering are not Mijares, the Governor. He accepted a New Testament passed. There are still real hardships and physiand promised to read it. Col. Curti has been threatened cal dangers in many fields. Many of these exwith being thrown out of the army but replied that he was periences are not today reported in the press, as loyal to the Government and read them Romans 13: 1, say- in the days when missionary adventure was a ing that in spiritual things he took his orders from higher romance, but occasionally attacks on missionaries up. Pray for him as he is going through terrific testing. are reported and some Christian workers are still called upon to lay down their lives for Christ and It may be necessary and wise in some mission His Gospel. But there are today many fields fields to adapt the methods and program of work where darkness, superstition, privation and danto meet the present situation and needs. There ger face the Christian missionary as formidably will be no excuse for compromise or for failure as in the days of Moffat and Paton and Judson. to give the message of life through Christ to any Many lands are still unenlightened by the Gospel. and all who will listen. It may be, and doubtless Some are closed to ambassadors of Christ-like will be, advisable and in some cases necessary to Russia, and Afghanistan, and Tibet; others are discontinue general education, especially higher closed only by reason of the difficulties and daneducational work, where the governments are op- gers and lack of men and means. Central Arabia posed to Christian teaching. This will mean the is still pioneer territory. (Read Mrs. Dames' closing of mission schools and colleges but it need article in this issue of THE REVIEW.) Mongolia not mean any cessation of Christian activity, es- and Central Asia are practically untouched. Abyspecially in personal evangelism. There are still sinia and many parts of Central Africa are alvital needs to be supplied and wide fields to be most as neglected as they were a century ago. planted and cultivated in rural areas, in supply- Most of the great island of New Guinea is both ing Christian literature, in the training of lead- unexplored and unevangelized. South America, ers, and in the spiritual upbuilding of the our next door neighbor, offers a great opportuchurches. nity for anyone to engage in pioneer missionary work among its millions of uncivilized and semi- MISSIONARY PIONEERING OPPOR- civilized Redmen. TUNITIES These Indians of Latin America are just now It is thrilling and stimulating to faith and the receiving renewed attention from evangelical spirit of sacrifice to read of the dangers and pri- Christians. The extreme neglect and need of vations experienced by such missionaries as Liv- seventeen millions of the tribal and the semiciviingstone, Moffat, Hannington, Mary SIessor and lized Redmen of eighteen republics south of the others in Africa; by Paton and Chalmers and United States have long appealed to missionary- Abel in the South Seas; by Judson and Carey in minded Christians but very little new work has India; by Taylor and Sheldon and others in been inaugurated. Recently a group of laymen China. The example of these heroes of the Cross, and interdenominational leaders met as guests of the need of ignorant and sin-cursed men and Mr. J. Frederick Talcott in the Empire State women in many lands, and the call of Christ to Club, New York, in the interest of Christian evangelize the work, acted as inspiring incentives pioneering among these Redmen. Mr. Kenneth to leave the comforts and advantages of Christian G. Grubb, of the World Dominion Press, London, homes to take the blessings of Christ to these and Dr. Thomas C. Moffett, Secretary of the Inpeoples without counting the cost to oneself. To- dian Mission of America, called attention to the day the call to foreign missionary activity is need of these ignorant and sadly neglected people largely the call for highly trained specialists-for and the present opportunities for work among teachers in already established institutions, for them. They are poor, illiterate and primitive but doctors in well equipped hospitals, for organizers and trainers of leaders in lands where churches they are souls for whom Christ died and they are established and even self-supporting. offer great strategic possibilities. It is time that new efforts should be undertaken in behalf of the Some think that the days of missionary pioneer- pagan tribes, to whom no organized evangelical ing are past, that the days of hardship, of sac- agency has as yet made any systematic attempt rifice and personal danger belong only to the to take the Gospel. times when barbarianism prevailed over large areas of Asia, Africa and the Islands of the Sea. These and other fields, offering rich opportu- This is true to some extent, for general enlighten- nities for pioneer evangelism, call for ambasment, international law and world commerce have sadors of Christ with courage and faith and sacspread the benefits of civilization to lands once rifice. These qualities are required, not only on

the part of those who go to the field, but in those these conferences to discuss the problem and opwho may equally be called to give sacrificially to portunities that challenge the missionaries today. the support of the work. Dr. Mott was everywhere heartily received by the African leaders and in the .Angola conference A UNITED CHRISTIAN ACTION IN JAPAN one-half of the delegates were natives and all spoke the Portuguese language. In the Congo The National Christian Council of Japan has special meetings were held for African Chrisbecome a vital force in unifying and correlating tians, but there were, unfortunately, few native Christian work in the empire. The Government leaders in the general conferences, so that they recognizes the Council as a clearing house for had little part in the discussions and in drawing Christian activities by appointing two representa- up the findings. tives from the national Department of Education. These conferences brought together mission- The Council is active in promoting evangelism, aries representing great diversity of language, Christian education, and social welfare. Recently race, theology and polity, but the prayerful prepthe Council recommended: aration helped to secure unity of spirit and pur- pose. Eight topics were discussed-evangelism, 1. That more intimate relations be established between the indigenous church, Christian education, lit- Christian social workers and those engaged in evangelistic erature, medical work, industrial areas, the trainwork. ing of missionaries and cooperation. In South Africa there are now 300 different native sects, 2. That rural problems, social policies and activities but in the Congo there are other problems in cobe given a place in the curricula of theological seminaries, operation. Findings were drawn up for each and that Christian students be trained for these types of topic and after full discussion were adopted by work. the conference.

3. That the Church create Folk High Schools for the One of the most perplexing subjects brought up development of Christian rural leaders. for discussion was the growing activity and the general unfriendly attitude of the Roman Catholic 4. That evangelistic workers be encouraged to visit missions. The number of their missionaries is general institutions for social service as well as those rapidly increasing so that there are now 2,200 under Christian auspices. priests in the Congo; they are spending millions of dollars each year to establish and conduct 5. That churches, Christian Associations and other or- schools and churches. Much of this money comes ganizations give attention to the application of Christian from America. The Catholics claim one million ethics to sex life and other present-day moral issues. converts in the Congo. Native Protestant leaders are greatly disturbed over the efforts of Rome to 6. That inasmuch as prohibition of strong drink has in draw away pupils and members from Protestant some instances solved the problem of village poverty, the schools and churches, but there is hope that the churches be urged to lay greater emphasis on this question. Portuguese and Belgian Governments will grant greater religious liberty and freedom from brib- 7. That with the growing nation-wide abolition of li- ery and persecution. Protestant missionaries censed prostitution, the problem of unlicensed prostitution must be patient, depending on the guidance and is greatly aggravated, so that it is imperative that a cam- power of the Spirit of God to overcome difficulties paign in behalf of Christian purity be begun without delay. and on true evangelical teaching to prove its ef- fectiveness in transforming lives and in building Evangelists are needed who will be prepared up strong communities. to spend their lives in rural districts, and city churches are urged to establish close relations Among the results expected from these Congo with country churches, and to make themselves conferences are: (1) The development of strongresponsible for their support where necessary. er, more aggressive native Christian leadership; (2) improvements in rural work as the African Greater efforts should be put forth to evangel- missionaries learn what has been accomplished in ize through the printed page; traveling libraries other fields; (3) more effective educational and are needed and Christian "wall newspapers" medical work; -(4) closer unity and cooperation. should be put up on walls along thoroughfares. among the various missionary agencies.

THE RECENT CONGO CONFERENCE As a result of these conferences the mission- aries have been stimulated in faith, encouraged After a visit of two months to South Africa to undertake new endeavors, strengthened for and Rhodesia, Dr. John R. Mott, Dr. Robert M. more sacrificial service, and united in heart and Hopkins and others visited the Belgian Congo purpose to follow Christ to the limit. last June. They held three regional conferences at Elizabethville, Mutoto and Leopoldville, followed by a general representative conference of all the evangelical missions at Leopoldville. It was the first visit that the chairman of the International Missionary Council has ever made to the Congo and he came in response to the earnest request of the Congo Protestant Council. Representatives of twenty-five of the thirty-five missionary agencies at work in the Congo met in

Legislation in South

I I~.- -•..sf By W. E. BROWNING, Ph.D., Buenos Aires, Argentina THE conquest of a great part of the continent have now been materially changed, both in letter of South America by Spain and the imme- and in spirit, and in no cone of them, today, does diate establishing of her colonies within the the Constitution, at least as interpreted by liberal conquered territory, occurred at a time when sec- governments, forbid to dissenting churches the tarian convictions were deeply rooted in all the most complete liberty in the practice and propaga- countries of Europe. It was, therefore, but nat- tion of their worship, and, in some cases, recent ural that all legislation directed at the regulation legislation establishes complete separation of of religious life of the colonists should be as strict, church and state.

if not more strict, than that of the mother country, This change from a narrow sectarian position and this same attitude was to be carried over into to that of the fullest liberty of thought and ac- the republics that were later to be formed from tion, may be most easily traced, perhaps, in the the colonies. history of religious legislation in the republics J ames Thomson, the first Protestant minister to that rim the Rio de la Plata, especially in Argen- visit the various countries of South America, a tina.

Scotsman and, possibly, a Baptist, came as the Here, as in all countries of South America, representative of the British and Foreign Bible great credit must be given to the Governments of Society, and also of the British and Foreign Great Britain, which never failed, in making Schools Society. He landed in Buenos Aires in treaties of a commercial character, to inject the October, 1818, after three years crossed over to religious note, to the extent of demanding for all Chile, and soon afterward continued his journey subjects of the British Crown the right of free through the countries to the north, sailing for assembly for religious purposes, thus paving the England, from Colombia, in 1825. While in Lima, way for more aggressive action by others when it where he had most pleasant relations with the became necessary to take such action.

great San Martin, he was present at the discus- In Argentina, for example, where dissenting sion by the Congress of the proposed Constitu- churches were asking for recognition as early as tion for the newly erected republic of Peru, and 1824, the Treaty signed by the Government of the has written interestingly of the debate and the republic and Lord Canning, the representative of various shades of opinion manifested by the speak- the British Government, contained' this clause: ers. Early in the discussion, a member of the The subjects of H. B. M., resident in the United Prov- Congress took the floor, with a copy of the New inces of the River Plate, will not be disturbed, persecuted Testament in his hand, and eloquently, but vainly, or molested by reason of their religion; but enjoy perfect pleaded for the adoption of an Article which liberty of conscience therein, to celebrate divine worship, should read, "The Religion of Jesus Christ is the either in their own houses, or in their own churches and Religion of the State." Although he was listened chapels which they will be authorized to build and main- tain in the places that suit them and are approved by the to with the greatest courtesy, he was quickly Government of the United Provinces.

voted down, and the Article which was finally ac- This treaty was signed in February, 1825, and, cepted, read: "The Roman Catholic Apostolic Re- no doubt, had reference to the Provisional Statligion is the Religion of the State, and the exercise utes which had been adopted in May, 1815, in of every other is excluded." which the Articles on Religion read as follows: This same sectarian declaration was adopted by Art. 1. The Roman Catholic Apostolic Religion is the the other Hispanic American republics, in vary- Religion of the State.

ing terms of expression, during the early years Art. 2. Every man must respect the public worship and of the 19th century, and the letter and spirit were the holy religion of the State. The infringement of this valiantly defended and enforced, in most coun- Article will be looked upon as a violation of the funda- tries, even until well within the present century. mental laws of the country.

But it is interesting to note that, with the steady The Constitution drawn up by the General Conevolution of religious thought among these mod- stituent Congress, in 1819, had been of a similar €rn Hispanic peoples, the original declarations tenor, and the Article on religion read as follows: [503 ]

Art. 1. The RO'man CathO'lic ApO'stolic ReligiO'n is the Referring to this new declaration, the great State religiO'n. The GO'vernment must give it its mO'st de- Argentine statesman, Sarmiento, once wrote: cided and PO'werful prO'tectiO'n, and the inhabitants O'f the terxitO'ry must whO'lly respect it, whatever their private The CO'nstitution has nO' religiO'us principle whatsO'ever O'piniO'ns may be. at its base, nO'r the authO'rity O'f the CathO'lic faith. On the cO'ntrary, every religiO'us principle and all authO'rity But liberal breezes were already blowing across O'f the CathO'lic faith is excluded frO'm it, as it is frO'm all the wide expanse of the Argentine Pampas, and mO'dern CO'nstitutiO'ns. TO' maintain the cO'ntrary, is nO't many of the most influential leaders of the day O'nly an errO'r, but a shameless lie. were dissatisfied with this wholly sectarian situation. Bernardino Rivadavia, the first President And another writer on the subject expressed of the Argentine Confederation, and often called himself as follows: "The Washington of South America," was particularly opposed to this declaration and lent his The ConstitutiO'n declares that the Federal GO'vernment assistance to a new statement of the religious supPO'rts the RO'man CathO'lic cult. By this, it dO'es nO't position of his Government. As a result of these mean that it is the State religiO'n, because nO't all the inefforts of Rivadavia and other liberal statesmen habitants of the cO'untry, nO'r all its citizens, are CathO'lics, of his day, the Province-we would call it a State nO'r has it ever been required that to' O'btain citizenship -of San Juan, in the far interior, sanctioned com- O'ne must belO'ng to' the CathO'lic cO'mmuniO'n; but it means plete liberty of worship in June, 1825, and its that the CO'st O'f the cult will be paid by the natiO'nal example was followed, in October, of the same Treasury. year, by the great Province of Buenos Aires, the most influential of the Confederation. As a matter of fact, the entire bill for Catholic cult in the republic is not paid by the Federal Gov- This legislation of two leading Provinces at ernment, but only the salaries of the Bishops of once created a conflict with the Federal Constitu- the Church. At the same time, the national Govtion, as adopted in 1819, and a long struggle en- ernment reserves to itself the right to nominate sued between the representatives of the two op- candidates for the position of Bishop, the Holy posing schools of religious thought. See being obligated to choose the Bishop or Bishops from among those so nominated. This, Among the statesmen of the day, who favored in a sense, places the Church under the jurisdicfreedom of religious thought and action, was tion of the State, rather than the State in a posi- Esteban Echavarria, and his noble declaration of tion of subserviency to the Church. In this way, principles must be quoted. He said: gradually, and not always without serious con- flict, the Roman Catholic Apostolic Church has The State, as a bO'dy PO'litic, cannO't have a religiO'n, be- been deprived of its favored position as the State cause, as it is nO't an individual persO'n, it lacks a cO'n- religion, and has become simply one of many in science. The dO'gma O'f a ruling religiO'n is unjust and the country, all of them treated with the same cO'ntrary to' the prescribed laws O'f equality, because it careful courtesy by the civil power, although cerprO'nO'unces sO'cial excO'mmuniO'n against those whO' dO' nO't tain members of its hierarchy receive their emoluprO'fess its beliefs, and deprives them O'f their natural ments from the national Treasury. Even this rights withO'ut exempting them frO'm their sO'cial O'bliga- bit of favoritism, it is claimed by opposing polittions (taxes). The principle O'f liberty O'f cO'nscience can ical parties, will soon be abrogated. never be recO'nciled with the dO'gma O'f the religiO'n O'f the State. Granted liberty O'f cO'nscience, nO' religiO'n shO'uld At the far extreme from the attitude assumed be declared as the ruling O'ne, nO'r be under the patrO'nage by Peru and other countries at the beginning of O'f the State. the 19th century, stands the Article of the Con- stitution of Uruguay, adopted in 1918, which es- The confusion of religious ideology was finally tablishes complete separation of Church and ended by the adoption of the National Constitu- State, and permits the free exercise of all cults, tion, in 1853, which is still in force, and whose with no favors to anyone of them. And this, no Article on Religion reads as follows: "The Fed- doubt, is the goal toward which all the countries eral Government supports the Roman Catholic of South America are rapidly tending. Apostolic cult."

"There is an earnestness and interest in religious questions which is an entirely new phenomenon in South America…. This is Latin America's day of white heat. The firm impress of Christ must be laid now on the fluid material of these young commonwealths. The frightful chaos in social and political life, the misery and suffering in economic life, are all creating a desire for something imperishable and a willingness to listen to any who claim to have the way, the truth, and the lfe."-DR. GEORGE P. HOWARD, Argentina.

*** "The Christian religion is peculiarly needed by the youth of Japan just now, and appeals strongly to the thinking students of the land."-REV. T. T. BRUMBAUGH, Tokyo.

Story of a Mexican

Colonel Rodolfe Curti V., Formerly Chief of Traffic Department, Mexico City-Now on Military Headquarters Staff -~l!;;11=====A=s=t=ol=d=t=o_N_.=W=.=T=A=Y=L=O=R====;;;;;;!.III~·- "F OR years I had been sunk in the depths of unbelief, indifferent to things spiritual and Something seemed to grip my heart and I could to God's providential care. From childhood not restrain the tears. However, feeling that I had not darkened the door of a church, except such emotion was unworthy of an army officer, I once when I entered to wash my hands in the holy hurried away. Later, my wife and I attended a water to show my contempt for religion. service but I did not understand the message.

"Twelve years ago, when stationed with my "Then I was called to Mexico City to aid my regiment in the Mixtec region of the State of General in the reorganization of the police force. Oaxaca, I was taken very ill, and in my suffering, At that time it fell to my lot to superintend the my thoughts naturally turned to my young wife closing of all the Roman Catholic churches in the and our four-months-old baby, who were then in city on the 31st of July, 1926. So zealous was I the city of Puebla. As I became worse I cried to in carying out this commission that I received the God, asking that He spare me to them. Finally commendation of General Calles. Later I re- I sank into a state of coma and the people in the ceived praise and promotion for my part in the village thought that I had died. I was prepared organization of the Traffic Department and other for burial and surrounded with candles. After things done in the interest of the welfare of the some hours I regained consciousness and sat up, city. But then came disillusionment! For certain causing terror among those who were in the room reasons I resigned from the Traffic Department at the time. and for a time it seemed that I had been forgotten by the Government which I had tried to serve "It was then felt that the only chance to save faithfully. I was even tempted to commit suicide. my life was to get me as quickly as possible to But this was God's opportunity. Oaxaca City for an operation. But the village, where I lay sick, was four days' ride from the "One night I dreamed that I was hurrying down railroad and, as the heat was intense, it seemed a narrow, dark, tortuous street. I met a group impossible for me to make the trip unless they of people and inquired, 'Have you found Him?' could keep ice packs on me continually. But there 'No,' they replied, 'Then let us seek Him together,' was no ice in this mountain village nor in the I answered. We threaded our way along the district. The General commanding the State ad- narrow street for an interminable time it seemed vised us by telegraph that he would send ice from and our anxiety increased every moment. At the city as rapidly as possibly, but it was doubt- last we turned a corner and saw in front of us a ful whether any ice would last long enough to get figure sitting on a low bench in front of a closed me to the city. The first day, while we were door. His head was resting on his hands but as waiting for the ice, a heavy cloud overshadowed we approached he looked up and I recognized him the part of the town where I was lying and hail as Christ. His face shone and His hands and stones, so great that they killed chickens and feet glistened like mirrors. I fell on my knees beturkeys, fell heavily for some minutes. Only a fore Him and all His goodness, from that day in block away the sun continued to shine brightly. the Mixtec village when the hail stones fell to the The people hurriedly filled sacks with the hail blessings of that moment, flooded my memory stones and I was placed in a litter and the journey and I burst into tears. to the railroad began. But so great was my unbelief that after I had ~ecovered I forgot my "I awoke crying and the burden of my inprayer to God and ascribed the hail storm to mere gratitude and sin seemed unbearable. For the chance. remainder of the night I could not control myself and continued crying like a child. When morning "A few years later when stationed in Guadala- came I was like one in a daze. I could not even jara, I was passing an evangelical church and remember the name of my only daughter whom heard them singing, 'Nearer My God to Thee.' I love dearly, and this condition lasted for three days. I was in an agony of grief and sorrow [505 ]

and walked up and down in my living room or in ment we have tried to give our all to Christ, to do the garden for hours at a time, crying, 'My God His will each day and we have determined not to help me. My God help me.' let a single day pass without trying to win one soul for Him. "During this time I procured aNew Testament and began to read. Still no light nor peace came. "The following Sunday was Easter. We at- At last there came to my mind the words of the tended the morning service at which we learned hymn I had head in Guadalajara and I remem- that some new members were to be received and bered where there was an evangelical church in baptized that evening. That afternoon, after the city. I attended a service without getting any prayer, my wife and I decided to ask to be repeace. I went a second time but still could not ceived into the church in order to make our public understand the Way of Salvation. On the third confession and thus cut all that bound us to the occasion the speaker was giving a Bible study on old life. The pastor granted our request and that Sin. As the different sins were written on the evening we publicly took our stand for Christ. In blackboard I said to myself, 'Someone must have the four months which have passed since then we told her about me,' for it was a perfect description ·have been experiencing the truth of Paul's words, of my condition. At the end of the meeting an 'If any man be in Christ, he is a new creature; invitation was given and I went forward. As I all things are passed away; behold all things are knelt there at the rail, I turned and to my joy become new.' All things have become gloriously found that my wife was kneeling beside me. That new for us and we are seeking to follow His Will." night the pastor of the church led us into the Light and peace came into our hearts. ******** "Then came a great struggle. If we were to I would like to draw attention to an interesting go on with Christ it meant breaking with the old detail in the experience of Colonel Curti. The life. Christ must be all or nothing. There could only knowledge he had of the Gospel story was be no half-hearted surrender. But what would be through a very slight contact with Roman Cathothe results? Would it mean losing position, rank licism. But Catholicism in Mexico emphasizes a and friends? I walked up and down my garden suffering or dead Christ, not a glorified one. How fighting it out and then like a flash there came to was it that in his dream he saw a resurrected and my mind the words 'Be of good cheer; I have glorified Christ? overcome the world.' I hurried into the house and called my wife. 'It is all settled,' I said to Please pray for Colonel Curti. He is active in her, 'Christ has overcome the world and nothing personal work among the military and political can touch us except as He wills.' From that mo- leaders of the country. Who can say what the results will be if we sustain him in prayer.

THE "CHRIST OF THE ANDES" INSCRIPTION On March 13, 1904, amid the towering peaks of La Cordillera de los Andes, a gigantic statue of "Christ the Redeemer" was dedicated, on the boundary line between Argentina and Chile. This monument, dedicated by high dignitaries of the Roman Catholic Church, in the presence of representatives of the governments, signalized the conclusion of a treaty of peace between the two peoples. It marked the triumph of reason over recourse to arms in the settlement of international disputes and attracted wide attention throughout the world. Re- cently an interesting discussion has arisen in regard to an inscription which many have be- lieved was placed on the pedestal of the monument, and which was said to have been as follows: Sooner shall these mountains crumble to dust than shall Argentines and Chileans break the peace which they have sworn at the feet of Christ the Redeemer.

No such inscription is now found on the monument so that doubt has arisen as to its hav- ing been there at the time of the dedication. The present writer has been interested in secur- ing trustworthy information to clear up the mystery and is convinced that no such inscription was ever placed on the monument.

The striking words quoted were the closing lines of the peroration of one of the eloquent orators of the occasion, a Bishop of the State Church of Chile. A writer, who was not present at the dedicatory exercises, and who has never visited the mOJlument, erroneously converted the lines into an inscription and his error has been widely copied.

It is hoped that this brief note may serve as a correction, for future writers, since it is based on the irrefutable testimony of publications made at the time in various countries of America and Europe, in various languages, and of persons who attended the dedicatory ex- ercises, one of whom was influential in the movement to erect the statue.

Buenos Aires, Argentina. WEBSTER E. BROWNING, PH.D.

News in the Japanese

The Story of Newspaper EvangeUsm is to~d in "The Press and the Gospe~:' by W. H. Murray Walton, M.A.* -~~II=-=-=–=B=Y=D=E=L=A=V=AN=-=L=.P=I=E=R=SO=N=-=-====~II~ T HE daily newspaper is a powerful instru- Christ has entered barely five hundred. Of the ment for good and for evil. It presents a fifteen million people in the country towns only great mixture on the one hand of truth, pure half are reached. Even more serious is that, dephilosophy, peace negotiations, scientific discov- spite an awakening interest in rural evangelism, eries, noble deeds, benefactions and Christian ac- the rate of progress is very small..

tivities. It prints both good news and bad, both The Japanese newspaper is one of the most in- what is suitable for mental food and some that is fluential forces in Japanese life. Before the in- more fit for the sewer. The press is a picture of troduction of modern journalism into Japan in modern life as seen through the eyes and minds 1868, news was chiefly conveyed to the people by of editors and reporters. The printed page is now means of traveling singers, ballads, and lampoons, being used in all lands to disseminate the false which were popular but not widely read, for most ideals of selfish communism, atheism and class people could not read. Even after the introduction hatred but it is also being widely used to broad- of education and the newspaper, for many years cast the message of Christ to the world. the fact that a newspaper carrier visited the house In some lands Christians have undertaken to use became a sign of an illustrious family.

this great channel of information and influence to But today, with education universal, everybody present the Gospel, the best news that has ever reads the newspapers. It has been computed that been proclaimed. While centuries old this is still half the homes of Japan take some newspaper. The news to nearly half the earth's poplilation-it is rickshaw man can be seen reading his paper if he the news that God in His love offers to all men the is not playing chess! There are three hundred Way of Life and peace, of strength and victory daily papers in Japan of some repute, though the through Jesus Christ. number registered is about four times that num- In Moslem lands and in Japan where the printed ber.

word is held in highest respect, newspaper evan- Some of these papers have a circulation of over gelism has carried the Gospel1Jhrough many other- a million, and produce as many as eight editions a wise closed doors, has enlightened many dark day. The telephoto system has been in use for minds, has brought food to hungry hearts and life years, and the largest paper operates its own fleet to dead souls. Japan has been an especially fruitful of aeroplanes between Tokyo and Osaka. Foreign field for this evangelism through the daily press. correspondents keep the readers in contact with In a recent book, Mr. Murray Walton tells the the thought and activities of other lands and news thrilling story of this "Japanese Experiment." In agencies keep them supplied with the latest in- the midst of sordid news of selfish struggles and formation from all parts of the world.

sinful pursuits, the publication of Good News con- In a country like Japan the press ranks with the cerning Jesus Christ is a lighthouse to guide lost school and the home as one of the three great form- wayfarers to a safe Port and to a life of Christlike ative influences in national life.

service. The first person to awake fully to the value of Mr. Murray Walton (from whom we quote free- the press as an evangelistic agency was the Rev.

ly) gives cheering reports of the activities and re- Albertus Pieters, an American missionary for- sults of newspaper evangelism in Japan. Here merly of the city of Oita. Others had used the Christian missionaries have been at work for press to insert a Christian text or a church notice, seventy years and yet the masses of the people and but he developed the method on scientific lines and many parts of the country are unreached. There with a vision which is appreciated more as the are some ten thousand villages or village areas, the years pass. His system of follow…up has formed homes of half the population, and the Gospel of the basis of the whole campaign ever since.

The prefecture of Hiroshima is one of the chief 28.• 6P4u.bUliesht.ed by the Stud.ent Cbxlstiau Mo>,emen,t Press, London centres of Shinshu.• the most active of the Buddhist [507 ]

sects. The attitude of the public toward Chris- nearest church, and shortly afterwards was retianity was far from favorable. When a Christian ceived as a candidate for baptism. His wife was text appeared in connection with an advertisement deeply upset by her husband's action. Then the of some patent medicine, the editor received a townsfolk heard about it, and so did the local storm of protests against the use of his columns to priest. The town had never had a Christian before. propagate the hated religion. The position taken They were indignant. And yet he was a good viceby the editor was: "I myself am not adverse to mayor; his religion didn't seem to spoil his work. Christianity. But if I put Christian articles in my When the period of his service came to an end, paper I will antagonize my readers and cause them despite a Buddhist protest meeting, he was reto subscribe for my rival." Then there appeared in elected. Later his wife and daughter joined him in the C. M. S. Intercession Paper, used regularly by baptism, and in the last letter Mr. Murray Walton some ten thousand people, the following notice: had from him he said: "The editor whose paper has the largest circulation is anxious about possible Buddhist opposition. One thing in which. we have had special blessing is an Let us pray that this difficulty may be overcome." early morning prayer meeting. For nineteen months we Within four months the entire situation had have had one every day without interruption. We meet in changed. A strike in the office of the daily paped my house from 5 to 6: 10 A. M. for Bible study and prayer. led to the resignation of the editor, and when Mr. We have also had a service every Sunday for the past three Murray Walton interviewed his successor, his an- years in the home of another Christian. Weare about swer was: "I wiLl be glad to put in your advertise- twenty who meet together. ments, but of course I will put in Buddhist ones also." The Christians rather welcomed the idea, The center of the follow-up word is in the New as they felt they would score by contrast. Life Society, a group united for the further study of Christianity. It demands certain membership After the Christian advertisements had been fees and offers certain privileges to strengthen the going for some months the Buddhist publicity sud- work and make it more or less self-supporting. denly ceased. The Editor told us why: "Oh I those One of the privileges of membership is the monthterrible articles I" he said. "They caused such ly magazine New Life, which, by its variety of quarrels among the members of my staff who be- appeal, has a better chance of satisfying curiosity, longed to different sects that I had to order that and provides continuity. A pamphlet entitled "The they be stopped. I have actually had letters from Words of New Life," containing selected Scripture some of my Buddhist readers congratulating me reading for a month, was given to each inquirer. on the tone of the Christian articles I" A direct result has been a doubling of the orders for copies Q.f the Bible. Two Bible courses are Mr. Murray Walton says: offered, one of a hundred weeks on the Bible, and one of forty weeks on the Gospels. The Circulat- The response to the articles was immediate. Before we ing Library contains books that deal with temleft on furlough twenty months later we had had 1,700 poral needs as well as spiritual. There is also a requests for further information from every part of the correspondence course which assumes that th~ stu- Empire, including 160 of the unoccupied villages of Hiro- dent knows nothing about Christianity, but is genshima Ken. Letters and visits were received from people uinely desirous of learning. His religious backof every kind; from schoolmasters and uneducated folk, ground is non-Christian, and in all probability from city dwellers and countrymen, from hospital nurses religion does not have a very vital connection with and patients, from men in the army and navy and the con- his life and character. The aim is not only to give sular service, and from Buddhist and Shinto priests. One him a good understanding of what the Christian who afterwards was baptized wrote to say, when ordering religion is, but also to lead him into a living faith some hymn books, how the fourteen employees under him in Jesus Christ as his God and Saviour and Lord. now sang hymns instead of lewd songs. A village teacher asked for hymns with the music written in figures instead The work is a growing, active organization, in of notes so that she might teach them to her children. A which changes are continually being made as fresh headmaster reported that the Christian library books went experience is acquired. "One of the fascinations of the round of his staff before being returned. One ambi- this work," says Mr. Murray Walton, "is that it tious youth inquired whether it was possible to teach him opens endless fields to the pioneer. We never can singing by correspondence, while another asked us to send tell what is going to be the next development I" by return "some Christian peace of mind." Among the topics of articles used in the news- The New Life Hall was the Christian center paper articles are the following: from which the work was conducted. On Sunday afternoon a visitor was announced whose card Christian Ideal of Love and Marriage showed him to be the vice-mayor of a town of eight thousand inhabitants a few miles from Hiroshima. The Christian Home He had been to call on a friend and had caught sight of the Christian article in the paper. For Modern Problems of Society years he had been seeking peace in Buddhism, but without avail and he asked: "Has Christianity The True Significance of Christmas anything to offer?" That evening he went to the The Age of Speed The Overthrow of Religion God is Pure. .

GOOD NEWS IN THE JAPANESE PRESS

Here is one of the articles on "Christmas" which II THE RICH FOOLtt shows the type of message given: St-Luke. XII: 13-21 In front of the Umeda Station in Osaka there stands a 4 /4/J4nese version row of shops which sell millet cakes. But the cakes on show in the open windows are only wooden ones covered with One of the pictures used in the N"wspaper E.vangelism. The rich fool millet seed. One day a hungry young man from the country aeated in front o( a pile. of rice sacks made from rice straw. with a soro6a". gave way to a sudden temptation and snatched up one of a eulculating apparatus used in ] apan on his kness. On his left an account them and bolted. The astonished shopkeeper shouted after book, made of paper similar to what is used in this print. A paper lantern him that they were only make-believe, but he was in far with bis trade mark. hung on the pile. In front of him bamboo basket and too great a hurry to look back. bags of grain. A scene at the door of the rich man's storehouse.

In Japan today Christmas has become more or less of Life Society, fifty syndicated articles to be disan institution, but most people keep it in outward form patched to the Japanese press, the correspondence only. They don't get the good from inside. For Christmas course to be conducted and letters from members is really the day on which to remember God's Son, who came to be answered-all infinitely worth while. as a man among us, and by doing so brought about a new relationship between God our Father and us in all our You never know what the next letter may conmisery and weakness. It is because of this fact that we tain. It may be from a murderer in prison or a keep Christmas with such joy. man contemplating suicide, or a woman at her wit's end because of her husband's conduct, or a People, therefore, who keep Christmas without knowing youth driven desperate by the wrongs of society Jesus Christ are like the young man who thought to satisfy and the persecution of the police. Letters asking his hunger with a wooden millet cake. advice on every conceivable subject, often from people who have nowhere else to turn. Many let- The printed articles bring an enormous re- ters are too private ever to see the light. Corresponse. The Seikokai New Life Hall on an average spondents present personal problems on which sends out a hundred packages or letters a day all they ask for help. These include problems of child the year round. One interesting thing revealed is training, Christianity and patriotism, poverty and that a Japanese is far readier to state his religious suicide, superstition, obligations to Buddhist pardifficulties by letter than by word of mouth. Cor- ents, failing of the church and of Christians. Quesrespondence is an excellent preparation for a per- tions must be answered truthfully and tactfully, sonal visit. It serves to eliminate many of the with good sense, skill and prayer. preliminaries so dear to the heart of a Japanese.

Take a typical day's correspondence at random, and, in doing so, make an imaginary tour round the New Life Hall. The article printed on the previous Sunday has been: "The Summer Holidays are Over !"

Visit first the clerk responsible for the preliminary correspondence, Mr. K. Tarnai, himself a fruit of the newspaper work. He reports that fifty-two applications have come in, from Hokkaido to Yamaguchi, two places over a thousand miles apart. They come from twenty-one of the forty-seven prefectures into which Japan is divided. To each applicant suitable literature will be dispatched, together with a letter inviting him to get into touch with the local church, or to join the New Life Society. A man living in a proverbially strong Buddhist area writes: I have just seen your article in the Nickinichi. I am a student who has a very happy home. I have been through the Middle (i. e. secondary) School, and managed to survive the "examination hell" (i. e. the nickname for the examination system in Japan), and have passed into the Higher School, preparatory to entering the university. But now I have suddenly met with misfortune and have had to leave school, and work for my living. I have seen society as it is with all its sin, and I am very miserable; please save me.

This letter is typical of many. Having to give up a university education is much more serious in Japan than inthe Occident, as a man's diploma counts for much.

There are other letters to be answered, many books to be sent out to correspondents of the New

Police records in Japan contain all the informa- literature is shared with the members of the famtion obtainable about each member of society and ily, it is probably no exaggeration to say that over the Japanese are accustomed to give such informa- a quarter of a million have been reached by this tion. The newspaper evangelism has adopted this means. method of recording information about correspondents so that the workers know not only name The total number in a week in which an adverand address of members but all about family, edu- tisement has appeared in the Tokyo Nichinichi has cation, occupation, and Christian interests. Here never fallen below 100 in recent years. The greatis one record:- est number received in a week, apart from that memorable occasion at the time of the Sunday Kashibara Komako. Aged 21. Domestic servant. Higher School Convention, has been 549. During 1931 the elementary school. Living in Tokyo. "Of course I have no average per week was 200. ; Christian relatives or friends …… I have not studied Christianity hitherto to any extent …… I simply do not An analysis of the 10,400 applicants received in understand anything of,the books which I borrow, nor do 1931 revealed the fact that 3,000 came from Tokyo and suburbs, while the northern island of Hok- –…. __ 11M 1… • 11- _, …… Ie kaido, whose inhabitants have, to a large extent, left behind them ….., _ M!cIP '" ~l t 1~._ IIut7 The ashes of their fathers _ …. tU d "UIl Je:t "'" _ .. lire And the temples of their gods, kMWl…. ot «. is responsible for 552., About 20 per cent of the total are women, a proportion which is double 1'ItllllLATI0K OF .&II ARTICLe YBlCH APPEARID 11' Tn TOkYO NICHIKICHI what it was a few years back. PAPU 011 "…….1_0D PROOUCKI)"'I. APPLICATIONS ,o~ FURTHU nnOOMlI'1C0 '.h10I,w. T.rReI.-4a7.c~.I.F.I.C.TlTW.1lRo&lSM Of the 50,000 who have applied, nearly 8 per :nrI'01tIIA'I'IOII ABOUT CRJUSTIAJC'ITT INTO cent have taken the further step of joining the WIllCB JAPAlf IS 1)1'10&0 AND ALSO trt. New Life Society. Of this number it would be safe ……._ _ _-__.,;.;;.; nll1.. to say that at least 30 per cent are nowhere near a church. ADVERTISING THE OOSPEL IN JAPAN The library statistics show that since the res- I read them with any zest. I know that it is wrong to lead urrection of the work after the earthquake, 18,310 a life without any special aim, but as one of a big staff, and volumes have been loaned. About 90 per cent of a very ordinary one at that, I cannot get hold of anything this total have gone to non-Christian homes. which gives me assurance. I feel ashamed to say this, but I will be grateful for your help …… I have been wanting An interesting sidelight which a study of the to know about Christianity for a long time, so when I saw cards gives is that 458 have no Christian connecyour article in the paper I applied at once. I am glad in- tions, and nearly half, not even Christian friends. deed at having such an opportunity." About one-third have no knowledge of Christian- ity whatever, not even from books. About one- Newspaper Evangelism, which is touching peo- sixth possess Bibles, a striking testimony to the ple by the thousand, from one standpoint reveals far-reaching work of the Bible societies, but it is Japan's spiritual condition. very common for them to add that they do not understand them. Of books specifically named as The total number of applications received by the giving knowledge of Christianity, those by Kag- Seikokai New Life Hall and its two "children" is awa outnumber those by all other Christian writers well over 50,000. To every applicant suitable put together. Christian literature has been sent, and as this The results of newspaper evangelism in Japan have been many and far-reaching. Curiosity has been awakened, inquirers have been helped to find the light, despairing men and women have been given ho}?e, seekers have found Christ and weak or ignorant Christians have been given strength to overcome.

Mr. Murray Walton decapulates the facts: In the first place, the friendliness of the press, if wisely approached, was most marked. This is all the more strik- ing in a land like Japan, where Christianity is not the na- tional religion, and where religious articles are not so com- mon as in England and America.

Secondly, the articles brought people to listen to a message which the churches were anxious to give, and which the conditions of the time demanded.

In the third place, they brought the church before the public. The value of this is not confined to the cities alone;

it has introduced the church to the country population. and his colleague, Mr. Tsukada, have been the main We hear of cases, of country folk making relatively long movers in a cooperative effort which has concenjourneys to attend meetings of which otherwise they would trated on the untouched rural areas. The adjustnever have heard. ment of church and mission relationships, how- ever, has proved a matter of continual 'difficulty. Lastly, the church, by means of correspondence, was .brought into touch with thousands of people not touched in The future of Newspaper Evangelism in Japan any other way. depends on the vision, perseverance and wisdom of the Christian Church. The people of Japan are There is one fascinating feature about News- educated; they are readers of newspapers; they paper Evangelism: it offers abundant scope to the are seekers after truth; they and the press are pioneer. It is linked on the one hand to the press, interested in religious questions. a body perhaps more alive to fresh methods and ideas than any other organization. On the other To sum up, the press of Japan offers a field to hand, through correspondence, it is in touch with the newspaper evangelist provided he is alert and individuals of every type. It is almost impossible wise. He may attain a position by which he may to get into a groove. become indispensable. He can produce goods for which there is a potential demand. Experience has taught newspaper evangelists some very valuable lessons. The movement could But should not this work be left to the Japanese not go forward if it was purely a missionary activ- Church? The Church in Japan has already a task ity, as one of the chief purposes of Newspaper in front of it in the evangelization of its people and Evangelism is the linking of the individual to the the support of its ministry, which in proportion to local church. In the second place, the plan was too its size is far in excess of that confronting the rigid. It did not allow sufficiently for local initia- home churches. People sometimes forget that the tive, nor encourage local autonomy. Further, it Church has but three hundred thousand members took but little cognizance of denominational loyal- in a population of sixty million. The way in which ties. Thirdly, full allowance must be made for it is measuring up to its task has won for it a place natural growth. A huge organization would have of honor among the "younger churches." The collapsed under its own weight. Japanese Church has already had a vision of what might be when the press is used for the extension In the meantime, missionaries and their J apa- of the Kingdom. nese colleagues were starting similar work in various provincial capitals. In the north Dr. Noss Advertising the Gospel in China Pnoto by J, A, DUfWchie, by courtesy of' "China's MiUiofl.>S," for Mat)/, We have longed to get the Christian message regularly into THE MISSION HOUSE, LICHENG, SHANSI the more remote, as well as the Showing verses of Scripture and a brief epitome of the Gospel written on the outer walls near-by villages. We thought of using the postal facilities to send of the Mission out literature, but many of the villages are not served by the Post Office. We found that for a very modest amount an "ad- vert" could be inserted in the local newspaper, which is issued once every four days and is de- livered to each village elder in the county. Copies are pasted up at the city gates, in the bar- racks and 0 the r prominent places; so our message is now being regularly broadcast and is reaching a much wider public. Another new way for "holding forth the Word of Life," is the writing up on the outer walls of our mission premises, verses of Scripture and terse Gospel state- ments.-F. A. Dunachie, Lich- eng, Shansi.

Soil in the Appalachian

By the REV. McCOY FRANKLIN, Farner, Tennessee T HE people of the Southern Appalachian American nation depends upon the stability of Highlands are a people of integrity and our homes, the stability of our homes depends great possibilites. There are almost no beg- upon the virtue of our womanhood, the virtue of gars in the mountains unless they are made beg- our womanhood depends upon the manhood of our gars by contact with outsiders or by misdirected men. When I was twenty-one years of age I left charity. Many of the original settlers in these my two-room cabin in the heart of the Appalachmountains were the working people of the South ian hills, went away to school at Berea, Kentucky, who were replaced by slave labor and, not having entered the fourth grade, worked my way through land or money to buy land, they moved to the hills school, high school, college, and the Theological and took up land thEm belonging to the Govern- Seminary, and then went back to the hills where I ment. These people were of the best blood of Eu- had grown up. I went back because I would rather rope and were of the same type as the folks who live there than in any other place and because moved on further west and settled on the plains. there are many homeless, hopeless, helpless, They were pioneers by nature, and out of these fatherless and motherless boys and girls in the hills have gone some of the leading men of our mountains who are hungry for opportunities. country. Abraham Lincoln was of mountain stock, so were James K. Polk, Andrew Jackson, The Bachman Memorial School and Home is Andrew Johnson, General Farragut, Sam Hous- located at Farner, Tennessee, and is under the ton, A. C. Dixon, Tom Dixon, Alvin York, George Presbytery of Knoxville. The work is manned by Truett, George Stewart, Joe Cannon, Cassius M. a select group of ministers, business men, and Clay, Zebulon B. Vance, James I. Vance, Joseph consecrated women from Knoxville, Chattanooga, Sweetwater, Middlesboro and other cities. We take E. Vance, Dr. Frederick F. Shannon, of Chicago, children not according to their church affiliations Bradley Kincaid of Cincinnati. Woodrow Wilson but according to their needs. We have four good said, "The Lord has reserved the people of these brick buildings well equipped, approximately 180 mountain fastnesses for a particular crisis in the acres of typical mountain farm land, a fine dairy world's history." There has never yet been a crisis barn and fifteen head of excellent dairy cows. We in American history in which the Southern Moun- could care for two hundred boys and girls but we taineers did not play an outstanding and import- have only fifty at present, not because there are ant part. These mountains have been drained of no more that need this home and training, but betheir leadership for many years. As men have cause there is no money to feed and care for more. become educated and trained, opportunities seemed so much greater elsewhere that they did I know of no more interesting work than that of taking these homeless children who are hungry not go back to the hills. "Outsiders" have gone for life and of furnishing a home for them, and in, often with a superiority complex and a con- then sending them out into the world with joy in descending attitude, and have said to the moun- their hearts, new light in their faces and new purtain people "you must be like me and do as I pose in their lives. It is better to build boys than do." Many grievous blunders have been made. to mend men. A lot of money can be spent trying The mountain section is capable of furnishing its to mend a life that is already wrecked, and see own leadership and in most cases the native lead- little results, but when you invest a dollar in builders will better understand the psychology of the ing a boy on the foundation that Jesus Christ laid mountain people. They are like other folk and you are investing a dollar that will bring large love to be treated as other folk. dividends.

My interest in the boys and girls of the "Great The Appalachian mountain section contains Smokies" is not because of ignorance, or poverty, approximately-four and a half millions of peoplej or superstition, but because I believe that the out- the purest Anglo-Saxons of America. Many side world needs the great untapped reservoirs of schools are doing fine work there. We will be human resources that are stored in these hills, happy to have friends visit Bachman and see for waiting for development. We seldom hear of a themselves the type of Christian work that is bedivorce in the mountains. The stability of the ing done there.

[512 ]

Poverty in

Muriel Lester, Founder of Kingsley House, Bow, London, East By STANLEY ARMSTRONG HUNTER, Berkeley, California O NE Sunday morning two years ago, as I days in my home and for my congregation to was engaged in pulpit preparation, my hear three remarkable messages from her. I am telephone rang. "Gandhi is about to broad- convinced, as are the people of Bow, that this cast from London," said a friend. From Kingsley vivacious and saintly English woman has a real Hall, located in the slums of Bow, E. 3, London, message for this generation.

there came over the radio the voice of Miss Muriel Thirty-One Years for the Poor, Lester, founder of the settlement house that was to be his London home for three months. She was For thirty-one years Muriel Lester has lived describing the local setting and the busy life of among the poor, in an industrial district of twenty her social service center. Bow, where a bow- square miles of unmitigated unloveliness and shaped bridge over the Thames squalor. Thirty-three public had been built long before houses or saloons are within a Chaucer mentioned the prioress three-minute walk of her door, from this locality, seemed a so her settlement house keeps most interesting place. What open an hour after they close we thought was static later was their doors. One evening four discovered to be the murmur fights which had started in the and hum of little children about "pubs" were continued in the settlement. That Sunday Kingsley Hall. Here people are evening I wrote her a note to still compelled to live eight and tell her how clearly her own more in a single room, where message as well as that of all the functions of life must be her famous guest had come performed.

through, for I had already been How did it come that she and introduced to her through her later her sister Doris, who is little book, 'Ways of Praying." in charge of the near-by Chil- A Peace Crusade dren's House, found their place of service here, in a locality Last October, after a busy which they had thought hope- month spent lecturing across less as they journeyed by train this country, Miss Lester sailed through it on the way to their from San Francisco for Japan home in Essex? Train travelers on her round-the-world peace close their windows to exclude mission of seven months. Let- the smells occasioned, para- ters from China tell of the re- MURIEL LESTER doxically enough, in the manu- markable response her message received from facture of perfumes and Yardley's lavender water. students. "What wonderful people the mission- She tells how she was drawn first to the quarter aries are," she writes. At New Year's she was in Foochow interviewing Eugene Chen and others as a sort of lark, seeking a new experience. Then in the revolutionary movement, and giving ex- came the challenge to help-was it right for her pression to her active pacifism. Seven years ago to remain aloof when girls of her own age desshe visited India and was a guest of Tagore and perately needed friendship? Not yet twenty, she Gandhi, as her book, "My Host, the Hindu," de- decided to throw in her lot with the underpriviscribes. The poor people of the slums released leged. Her father, a prominent Baptist layman, her for this journey, confident t~at she has a mes- gave the funds for the first Kingsley Hall, named sage for the poor of the world, which they must in memory of her twenty-seven-year-old brother share. who died in 1914. He lived to be ninety-one years old, dying in 1927, maintained his interest to the It was a great privilege to have her stay five end, and found much joy in the progress of the [513 ]

rapidly expanding work. He has been its largest serves an hour daily for prayer and meditation benefactor. As he had made his money in ship- alone in a walk. I have never met anyone who so building and repairing in that neighborhood, enjoyed the light filtering through our thousand- Muriel Lester feels that the locality has a right to year-old sequoias in Muir Woods, or so relished his wealth. He had gone to work as a bricklayer's the purple of San Francisco's bay as seen from the laborer at the tender age of eight, when his father summit of Tamalpais, or the sunsets over the had been press-ganged to fight in the Napoleonic Golden Gate from the Skyline' Boulevard of our Wars, to help support the family, in a time when Berkeley hills. there were no maintenance allowances for starving wife and children. A New Technique of Prayer An Experiment in Voluntary Poverty Her delightful booklet, "Ways of Praying" (re- printed in America by the Cokesbury Press) tells Miss Lester limits herself to an expenditure of how she found in prayer a cure for nerves. After seven dollars per month in addition to the simple a breakdown she worked out a technique of refood with lodging in a cell six by nine feet which is laxation and communion. The masseuse who came supplied to each of the ten workers in Kingsley to her girlhood home once told her: "The trouble Hall. with you, Miss, is that you enjoy everything too much." Since then she has learned the secret of A local newspaper, in reporting this strange power and poise but has not lost her enjoymentmanner of living, called "voluntary poverty," said nor her laughter, gay as a college girl's. that her father had invested more than $50,000 in her enterprise. This is an understatement. Miss Probably the deepest impression everyone gains Lester was left an annuity bringing in about of her personality is her belief in and practise of $2,000 each year. This she declined, and a new prayer. Four times a year her household and trust deed turning it over to the poor, the first of friends spend a whole night in prayer; after the its kind in English history, had to be created after vigil comes the communal Sunday breakfast, the causing considerable legal consternation. "Where- jolliest time of the season. Three times a day all as the annuitant is of opinion that she has no right stop for prayer in Kingsley Hall-even Charlie to accept this income where her neighbors lack Chaplin stayed for it after his famous interview necessities, holding that God's law of providing with Gandhi in their sitting-room. Kingsley Hall bountifully for all is more wise, sane and decent has not only a large and beautiful worship hall, than the law of the land which secures to a few but a small sanctuary for private prayer. Like people more than they need while the many have Kagawa, Miss Lester makes a practice of wakto endure less than they need," was the strange ing in the night or early dawn to pray for the wording of the new deed. rulers of the world as well as her friends in the International Fellowship of Reconciliation, peace Kingsley Hall does not receive any benefit from workers who are bound together in sympathy and this annuity, which is administered for the poor love. She carries with her a copy of Albrecht of Bow. They themselves are represented in the Durer's engraving of the hands of a saint clasped group that decides on its expenditure. To operate in prayer. When she spoke on prayer in our the settlement Miss Lester raises from friends church, her face so glowed that one hearer later about $5,000 annually. said, "Now the transfiguration is easier to un- derstand." When she and her colleagues embarked upon this remarkable venture of voluntary poverty, Miss Lester's practical suggestions on praying the newspapers directed considerable attention to are fresh and inspiring. One university psycholoher plan. Henceforth no difficulty was experi- gist told me that they seemed sound from his enced in getting assistance from leading artists, standpoint. Her God is so real! "Think of him as actors and musicians. John Galsworthy and others shining beauty, radiant joy, creative power, allbecame interested. Prof. D. J. Fleming of Union pervading love, perfect understanding, purity and Seminary refers to this way of life in his recent serenity," she says. book, "Ventures in Simpler Living." It takes careful management to clothe oneself on five shil- Miss Lester conducts the Sunday evening servlings weekly, with only two shillings for spending ice in her settlement, and it must be a service that money, but it is done gladly by her group. I found is different. She advises her people never to sing that even on her trip she expected to omit lunch- a line of a hymn if they do not really mean it. For eons twice a week and always passes up sweet many months of the war, until they were ready desserts, that she may identify herself more com- for it, they would. not sing the lines of the verse pletely with her beloved poor. But no one can claim that she is an ascetic. She lives life gloriously, Sufficient in thine arm alone, radiantly, abundantly. She loves nature, and re- And our defense is sure,

VOLUNTARY POVERTY IN ACTION .515

in Isaac Watt's great hymn, "Our God, our help hunger meant, organized themselves into "a liv- in ages past." Neither could they repeat the Lord's ing newspaper," and holding up placards paraded Prayer until they had brought themselves to prac- to the House of Commons, even though such a tice forgiveness and reconciliation. Silence is procession is illegal within a mile limit when Par- given a place in her order of worship. She feels liament is in session. For years the children of that worship in American churches is apt to be Bow brought gifts for enemy children week after too programmed, with little opportunity left for week to save life-food, soap, scraps of cotton, God to speak to the waiting heart. spare clothes and money. It takes courage for a Like her friend Maude Royden, she is herself a slum woman to rise in her seat and utter a protest preacher of true eloquence and remarkable power, at the Royal Air Force display in Hendon, with although she has never sought ordination, possibly thousands of people in attendance, but her moth- not feeling any need for it. "Why Forbid Us," is ers find strength to do so each year.

the title of a booklet she has written as a plea Of the children of the &treets she writes: "It for the ordination of woman preachers. Her book- is they who preserve the milk of human kindness let on "Worship" is a gem. "By giving yourself to from growing sour." Who can forget her word worship you can make every moment immortal," picture of the laddie burrowing in an ash can and she writes; "you can find your individual life retrieving with joy a faded bunch of violets for merging itself ever more completely into the life his mother! "Their confidence in us saves us from of the world. You can forget your own soul be- cynicism," she will tell you.

cause you are so engrossed in the great design When Ezekiel said, "I sat where they sat," he that God's economy is weaving out of our short, was identifying himself with his suffering fellow- broken and tangled threads. By the way of wor- men and was experiencing what Rauschenbusch ship you can come so close to this great Weaver used to call the sense of social solidarity. Miss that you find yourself learning from Him not to Lester has identified herself with the cause of the waste a broken thread of time by impatience or children. "When the children I meet in the street resentment, not to throwaway the most tangled take me into their confidence I ask myself, would skein of opportunity by self-pity or regret." Mark they, could they, continue to treat me so, if they is her favorite Gospel. To hear her read from knew how things were between us?" She says, Canon Pym's translation of Mark, made for the "if they knew I was eating butter, drinking milk Tommies in war time, is a memorable experience. that was really theirs because they need it more, The Mary and Martha, the mystic and the min- I feel something of a traitor when I stop to think istering, are remarkably blended in her person- about it. Meanwhile they never stop to think about ality. For four and a half years she fought for it; they are never suspicious. They just live out human rights as a London alderman. There was their small lives as long as they can and enjoy no reduction in the appropriations for milk for themselves, counting everyone their friend.

children during her tenure of office! They've got the secret of how to end war; they Working With Her People neither hate nor fear; they trust people."

Her work is not so much for, as with, people. A Realist in Reconciliation In Kingsley Hall there is no payment for labor; Miss Lester is no sentimentalist without a sys- neighbors and social workers gladly take turns at tem of economics, but is a realist. In almost every scrubbing the floors. The neighbors also share address she quotes tlie old saying which she claims generously in the financial support. was current Christian teaching in the church a This modern saint and prophet makes her audi- thousand years ago: "If you possess superfluities ences see the nobility that shines out in common while your brethren lack necessities, you are pos- life. "My people are the happiest people in the sessing the goods of others and are therefore world, despite their hunger and suffering," she stealing." The message which she carried around says. She bears witness to their indomitable cour- the world states: "The only rational basis for the age and persevering cheerfulness and unexpected distribution of goods is need. And the only way generosity. "For many years I have had a convic- to get goods distributed on this basis, is for all of tion that wisdom abides in the East End of Lon- us to stop seeking privileges for ourselves and to don," she declares. "Its inhabitants are not such use all our resources for the common end of satis- temporary citizens as are the denizens of May- fying need.

fair." No wonder Gandhi felt at home there! "Why should people starve in a world of plenty?

When Parliament needed to be told of the suf- God has stored the earth and the sea with His fering of German children from the blockade, and bounty, for the use of man and not for the piling ecclesiastical dignitaries and prominent editors up of dividends. To destroy rubber trees, to burn refused to give aid, her women, who knew what grain, to use wool for road surfaces, to throw fish

back into the sea in order to keep up prices, is to excommunication and organized hooliganism enwork against God. Women can sometimes ask un- livened our days," she says, "but we refused at comfortable questions and here is one who refuses Kingsley Hall to pronounce a moratorium on the to be bluffed by the economists or politicians." Sermon on the Mount for the duration of the war." She adds: "We could not conceive of God as a One of the founders of the Fellowship of Recon- nationalist." The peace message that she has carciliation, she put her tenets into practice during ried around the world proclaims, "God has made the war. Her group never faltered in proclaiming of one blood all nations under heaven. No man their doctrine of nonviolence, even when twenty- can suddenly become my enemy just because he three children were killed or injured in a near-by happens to have been born on the other side of a school in an air raid. "Our building was bombed river or boundary line, and because his governby a Zeppelin from abroad and threatened by the ment has issued an ultimatum against mine. Is it patriots at home. Anonymous letters, police raids, not time that we refused to fight?" threats of vitriol throwing, social boycott, virtual A Korean Inn–Keeper By IDABELLE LEWIS MAIN, in the China Christian Advocate I N ONSEIRI, Diamond Mountains, Korea, lives the far north of Korea for eleven days in evan- the Rev. S. Y. Yun, keeper of an inn. This gelistic work. They held classes and meetings for Korean pastor shared with his guests the ex- everybody. They taught hygiene, simple homeperiences of his life, bringing into clear relief economics and child care. Above all, they told the what the Heavenly Father's care means to his love of Christ which changes the hearts of those heart. He came to Onseiri from the pastorate. who trust in Him. After her return to her home, He loved his work, but for three years he had slept Miss Yun spoke of those eleven days with great very little because of strain. So he brought his joy. family to this place of quiet. "I had nothing," he said, "I had no money and no strength. 1 thought Eight years ago, one windy winte,r's night, a this would be a good place to die. But I did not drunken Korean was sleeping under the shelter of die. It was not the Father's plan. 1 bathed in the thatched roof of the church. He was so drunk the hot sulphur springs, cut branches for our fire that he did not realize his carelessness as he in the forest and carried them home on my back. lighted his cigarette. The dry roof blazed imme- I scrubbed the floors and painted my roofs and diately and the high wind carried the sparks to began to sleep." the other cottages of the village. Intent on sav- ing the church, Mr. Yun did not notice that the When Mr. Yun came to the village, there was a fire had spread to his own home. Too late to save tiny, struggling church. He began to preach, re- his possessions, he rushed Mrs. Yun and the chilceiving no salary for his work. The church began dren to a place of safety. By morning his propto grow until today there are a hundred Chris- erty was in ashes and he was again near death tians in this village of about five hundred Koreans. because of weakness. "We were beggars; we had nothing with which to cover our heads. We had "God has prospered me," said Mr. Yun one day. neither food nor money to buy it. Months before "I do not drink, nor do I gamble. 1 work hard and 1 had asked a friend to insure our place for 3,000 save money. At night I am tired and sleep." For Yen and had given him the money. When I went every ten yen given by the other members of the to collect, 1 found that my friend had used the church, Mr. Yun gives ten yen. Although there money and had not taken out the insurance. I is a well-equipped, tax-supported school in the vil- thought of bringing my friend to law, but I knew lage, only one Korean child to five Japanese chil- that this would change us from friends into enedren is admitted. Therefore, the church is per- mies, and change our sons for years to come into mitted to have a school for Korean children. who enemies. So 1 forgave my friend. 1 was tempted would otherwise grow up in ignorance. Mr. Yun to blame God. I had done my best for the church' is principal of this school and gives largely to its and this was the result. Then 1 remembered that support. this was the trial of my faith. I believed in the love of God and took courage. Now 1 have my He has seven children. The oldest son is a new hotel and home and my business has prosphotographer, living in the village with a wife and pered. 1 work hard, but 1 am well again and we two children. The oldest daughter is a junior in are a happy family." Ewha Haktang. Mter school was dismissed last spring, she went with a classmate to a village in

A Woman's Trip to Central Arabia*

I-e( By MRS. L. P. DAME Ifie- Missionary of the Reformed Church in America ~====~ ARED-LETTER day has been added to the nized social leader of the city. So you can imagine calendar of the Arabian Mission by the my satisfaction when she "laid down the law" to penetration of the first woman missionary Dr. Dame that he was never to return to Hassa into Central Arabia. It seems very strange that without "Salaha," (my Arabic name). I did not after many years in Arabia I should take my first dream that my first trip would be made a stepping- trip to inland Arabia. stone to the second and larger one.

In April (1933) Dr. Dame received an urgent In July a very urgent message came from the request from the Governor of Hassa to come and King himself for Dr. Dame to come to Riadh treat members of his family. The Residency when speedily and to bring a "Hakima" (lady doctor) or appealed to for permission for me to go along nurse. This invitation was the first that had in- made no objection provided the Governor had cluded a request for women, so it marks a new given an invitation. The local Arab agents of the epoch in touring. Therefore, after a hurried Governor assured Dr. Dame that that was not preparation, our party set sail in a launch the eve- lacking but added, "She must wear Arab clothes." ning of July 26th headed for Ojeir. The party Dr. Dame sent a letter ahead to the Governor consisted of Mrs. Gerrit Van Peursem, who is now and we started for Hassa. No message stopped us our "lady doctor," an Indian nurse, Grace Davis at Ojeir so we continued on to EI Hofhuf. After- (trained at Madanapalle in our Arcot Mission), wards we learned from the Governor's agent there Medina, a black woman and mission helper of that he was present when the Governor read the many years standing, Saroor, Kathim and Abdul letter announcing my coming. The Governor Nabi, three Persian workers in the Men's Hos,.

smiled and remarked as he folded up the letter, pital and Peter, our Goanese cook. In Hassa we "Dr. Dame is bringing his family with him." added an Arab cook, Bin Rabaya, thus completing I had a most interesting three weeks, living in a party of ten.

an Arab house, Arab style, wearing Arab clothes, The journey was made in three laps, by launch eating Arab food off a mat on the floor. I learned from Bahrain to Ojeir, by motor from Ojeir to EI what it feels like (almost) to be a woman in pur- Hofhuf, where we rested until the motor con- dah, keeping myself secluded, out of sight of the voy was ready to convey us from EI Hofhuf to men who called on my husband and being meticu- Riadh. This convoy consisted of two touring cars lous about veiling and being well covered with my and three lorries, all of which were packed like black abba when in public-which meant going sardines with people, bedding, tents, luggage, somewhere in a motor car. petrol, water and various odd and ends. We had I found the women of the Governor's palace de- a live sheep in one of the lorries-our meat supply lightful, friendly and interesting and I had a won- -on the hoof!

derful time visiting in their houses. Since none of The desert between Ojeir and EI Hofhuf is these women had met Mrs. Rena Harrison (the mostly undulating sand dunes with a stretch Of first woman missionary to reach EI Hofhuf) on salt pans in the middle. The sand dunes are fairly her trip there thirteen years ago, I was their first high and beautifully rounded and are made of contact with Western women. I did meet some of luscious yellow sand, so pure and clean looking.

the Effendi women who remembered her visit with One of the marvels of the trip was the ease with pleasure and one Arab woman now married and which the motors glided up and over these dunes the mother of several children who in her own which one might easily imagine well-nigh impass- words "was only a small child" then and much able. It was an unusual but splendid "whoopee"

afraid at first of the foreigner. ride.

The most outstanding woman was a daughter The sand dunes finish to the east of EI Hofhuf of the Governor, who was a very independent and and the desert on the other side presents a variety strong character and who seemed to be the recog- of topography. One crosses plain hard rocky levels, stretches of smooth hard sand, small hills Ara*bCiao,nd2e5n and cliffs, wady beds, stretches of soft sand where sed and used with plates, by permission, from Neglected E·ast 22d St., New York.

[517 ]

cars get stuck and in general there is a gradual herdesses too and no doubt the shepherds still rise as one climbs up to the Nejd Plateau, Riadh make the shepherdesses wait and no Moses ap- having an altitude of 2,000 feet. We took a semi- pears to combat their cause!

circular sweep or horseshoe curve from EI Hof- We spent three nights on the desert, which huf, going northwest, then west, then southwest, cooled off considerably compared to the day-time to avoid the sand dunes of the Dahna. The camel heat. Early in the morning the Delil (guide) caravans take a more direct east and west route. would arouse the caravan by calling "Yalla! gu- Our general plan of travel was to get up early mu! (0 God!! (hurry), rise!) It was anything and ride until an hour or so before noon, when a but a welcome sound, so very early in the morning, camp site would be reached, preferably near a before daylight, the air still chilly and our blank- well and there we would pitch our tents and rest ets snug and warm. But it was a summons that for a few hours in the heat of the day and have had to be obeyed and we made short work of our midday meal. Then in the afternoon we dressing, rolling up our bedding, gulping down would break camp and ride on until late in the some strong tea or bitter Arab coffee, into the evening when we would stop, unroll our bedding cars and off before we were fairly awake. We and go to sleep under the stars on our beds of covered many miles before sun-up but had our sand. reward in seeing the majesty of the sunrise over Heat and Thirst in the Desert the spacious desert sands. It was not long after The end of JUly is the season of the very worst the sunrise however when the day's heat began to heat. The desert was parched, not a green thing be felt. growing. We learned how terrible thirst can be. Our precious skins of water had to last between Our third camping site was in a little valley bewells for there were long stretches where abso- tween rocky hills (like Muscat) where acacia lutely not a drop was procurable. There are only trees grew and a few pungent herbs. It was nice to see some vegetation once more.

three wells between EI Hofhuf and Riadh. And The last stretch was a mad race to reach Riadh oh I how thirsty we got. We drank often but all before sunset. The cars of the convoy, realizing the membranes of our noses, mouths and throats that the need for keeping together for mutual were as dryas dust and we never really seemed protection and assistance had passed, set out each able to quench our burning thirst. Some of the for himself, to make the goal. Finally, we came water we drank too was anything but choice, be- in sight of palm trees-the gardens on the outing neither clean nor appetizing, but it was wet skirts of the city-and then the city walls themand that was the prime requisite. One cannot be selves in the distance. We stopped at a garden called "Shemsia" where fresh water was brought finicky on a tour! The first well we came to after leaving EI Hof- to us and we drank it greedily by the quart. Surely huf could easily have been the one the angel point- water never tasted so good before.

ed out to Hagar. If our guide had not taken us to Our Entrance into Riadh the very spot I am sure we should never have seen it although we might have been within six feet of Then we went on more leisurely to the city's it. It happened that we arrived there off schedule gate. Riadh has a medieval appearance, with its having been stuck innumerable times in the sand walls, turrets and crenelated roofs. We entered and finally arrived at high noon when there were one of the main gates, which was just wide enough no flocks about. That was the worst day of the to let the car through. On either side stood armed journey; it was terrifically hot. How glad we guards. The car eased through the gate and we were to get into the tent and when darkness came were riding down the main street. A thrill passed on we enjoyed splashy "cup" baths since we were through us. We had arrived in Riadh, the capital right at a good supply of water and could afford city of Nejd!

to be lavish. Here, too, we ate our sheep. The poor There are certain characteristic sounds of Riadh thing had fallen out of the lorry earlier in the which we soon came to know and from which we day and had broken a leg. We broke our fast with could never get away; the creak of the wells, the him since that was our first real meal of the day. buzz of flies, the shouts and grunts of Bedouin The second well pictured for me vividly the well and camels, and the ever recurring prayer call.

in Midian where Moses sat down in his flight and All the wells have a series of pulleys overhead later chivalrously helped the seven shepherdesses which wind and unwind the ropes, one end of to water their flocks. So many flocks! For nearly which attaches to the leathern buckets and the as far as one could see, in every direction, long other to the donkeys who furnish the motive strings of camels and furry flocks of sheep and power. These pulleys creak and squeak in various goats wending their soft-footed ways to the wells tunes and times the whole twenty-four hours, to be watered. So many shepherds and, yes, shep- day in and day out. The flies at least are quiet at

A WOMAN'S TRIP TO CENTRAL ARABIA

night unless one happens to brush against a cur- wady with considerable force and here are found tain or something and set them all buzzing and the gardens. At one of the castles there was a flying about. One would scarcely believe there peach orchard and when one was in that lovely could be so many flies in one place. Our house was spot enjoying the beautiful looking and delicious literally saturated with them and there was a con- full-flavored peaches it was hard to believe that stant hum and buzz. Everything got fly specked. one was in the center of an expansive, barren They were intolerable at meal times. We tried fly desert. poison (our precious Flit was saved for the operating room) but only succeeded in making the Our housekeeping was not without its problems house disgusting with hordes of fly corpses and or interest. We were guided that first evening for every hundred that died two hundred more to a large door opening onto the main street, the came to enjoy the sweet bait, so we gave up trying door being all we could see of the house from the to battle them. outside. Inside there was an imposing row of A Mixture of Sights and Sounds DR. AND MRS. DAME IN AlRAB DRESS Many Bedouin are constantly coming and going pillars surrounding a square court. Upstairs a through Riadh and especially in the months when hollow square in the center looked down on this the King is in residence they come to present their court and one could walk around it. There was a homage and to receive their emoluments. The huge room to the north with pillars inside and out money is handed out at night and one could hear on the verandah and a small narrow room next arguments of various kinds as the bazaar trades- to it. On the southeast corner of the llollow square men fastened on to some of their credit customers was a medium seized room furnished with strips who were trying to walk away under cover of the of matting on the floor and a couple of rugs to sit darkness with their newly received money intact, on, with a few large square hard mesnids (cushwith no thought of paying for the goods they had ions to lean against) ranged along the wall. purchased in daylight. One evening we were startled by the sound of running steps and cries Dr. Dame knew the house, having lived there of "Jehad! Jehad!" (holy war). Dr. Dame was on a previous trip. It belonged to one of tlie spending the night at a distant castle and we felt King's brothers. Now it had been divided into rather shivery for a few minutes. However the two parts; the section to the west had been renoise went past and all became quiet. We learned modelled for use as the Sharta or Police Headnext day one of the Bedouin was calling his companion; J ehad was his name. All day long one could hear the grunts and groans of camels going by and the various calls and shouts used by th~ Bedouin in urging on or coaxing their unwilling beasts.

The prayer call is given regularly five times a day. We seemed to be in the middle of four "parishes" and heard the four muezzins quite near, giving the call "Allah hu el akbar" almost simultaneously.

Riadh presents a number of contrasts. In appearance and in reality it is a medieval town, yet there is a wireless station there three times as powerful as the one in Bahrain, over which the King receives the latest world-news. There are telephones and electric lights all over the Palace but sanitation is almost wholly lacking and flies are legion. One may see a procession of twenty or more of the most up-to-date motor cars riding alongside the plodding camels, those ships of the desert since antiquity. (Incidentally the motor roads are execrable.) One of the greatest contrasts however was to see a line of palm trees in the depths of a winding wady (dry river bed) which cleft its way through the hard rocky plateau. When the rains come they wash down the

quarters and separated from it to the 'north was and of their becoming our friends as well as our the residence of the Chief of Police. The main neighbors. door formerly connecting the two main sections was boarded up. We called on the wife as soon as possible to apologize for being the instruments (though un- We had brought our own cots and mosquito nets intentionally so) of thei~ eviction. She too was a and decided to sleep out on the open roof-veran- stranger and had gone to the only friends she dah. We also ate our breakfasts and dinners there knew in Riadh. When she arrived there with her until the weather turned too cold. The small room baby, ahead of her husband who was gathering up was assigned to Nurse Grace and Medina; the a few things, her friends jumped to the conclusion large room was partitioned off by a curtain to that she had been divorced, quite a logical conafford a living-room and Mrs. Van Peursem's clusion in a Moslem country. room. We ate our lunches in the living room. The medium-sized room on the far side was given to As soon as the workmen cleared out we came the doctor and his wife. The corresponding rooms out of hiding and set to work getting settled. A downstairs became the "boys" domain. The kitch- table and four chairs made locally were brought en was down there but there was no bathroom! in and served both for our meals and for writing. When they were first produced they were so An Eviction Prevented high it was laughable and so crude and rough that every time we sat down we got a splinter The Wazir (vizier) who called to see how we or tore our clothes. Arabs, who as a rule sit were getting settled, when informed of this lack on the floor, invariably make a chair or bench at once telephoned to the King! His reply was far too high for any comfort. We had to cut 'both characteristic and to the point. Batter down off about five inches from all the legs of this the connecting door immediately, move out the furniture. We secured a number of empty boxes Chief of Police and, presto! we could have access (the kind that hold two five-gallon kerosene tins) to the bathroom over there and incidentally have and by putting them in threes either end to end or ,more rooms. Before we ladies knew a thing about one on top of another we made quite serviceable what was happening or what solution had been dressers, a bookcase, washstand and china (?) 'given we were alarmed by blows on the door from closet. I had taken our picnic lunch-basket with us the other side of the wall and in a few minutes it with its picnic tableware and enameled cups, sauwas open. We went to investigate these sounds cers and plates and these were our china and and learned of the plan. Curious to see the lay of silver. Two goats down in the courtyard furnished the land we went over to the other side and there our milk supply and we secured rice, meat, eggs in a hallway as though dropped in precipitate and vegetables in the bazaar. The Riadh bread is flight lay a baby's bonnet. Demanding further ex- very poor, being exceedingly heavy and soggy, but planations we learned that the Chief of Police there was nothing else. We longed for white had a wife and baby and they had been turned bread and potatoes before the tour was finished out of bed at that hour of the night with no warn- but two ladies at least did not regret losing fifteen ing whatever. To our strenuous objections, to pounds apiece, due probably to the lack of them. such a proceeding the bland answer was, "It is ,the King's orders. What else to do?" No matter how hot the day the nights were de- liciously cool for sleeping and by October were Being Americans and women, however, we had really quite cold. In the mornings before sunup plenty of suggestions as to what else to do, (Kings the temperature got as low as 56° F. to the contrary notwithstanding) and we insisted that we would accept not even so necessary an Pestiferous Insects adjunct as a bathroom at the price of the eviction of a family. In no time we found a corner that The flies were a great trial during the day but at seemed just the place for a bathroom and demand- night on our open roof we enjoyed in full measure ed that one be built. The King, bless his heart, the wide expanse of the heavens with the wonderagreed that the idea was a very good one and ful array of stars. Altogether we were fairly comgave orders correspondingly, though why royalty fortable and 'learned some lessons on how to preshould have to be bothered by such details remains pare for future trips. Our health on the whole a mystery inherent to the land of the Arabs. Work- was pretty good though each one of the party had ers were sent next day to do the needful. It meant a spell of sickness The early part of our stay, that the ladies were kept as virtual prisoners in coincided with sandfly season and we were all one room for several days until the workmen fin- nearly eaten alive by those pestiferous insects. ished their job, for of course we were strictly All of our party of ten, except Dr. Dame and mypurdah. It also meant the return of the Chief of self, succumbed to sandfly fever. Dr. Dame got a Police and his little family to their erstwhile home bad cold and I an infected eye so we all had some- thing. Then Abdul Nabi came down with pneu-

A WOMAN'S TRIP TO CENTRAL ARABIA

monia and was quite a sick lad for several days and then there entered His Majesty, all smiles and but fortunately made a good recovery. graciousness. He is very easy to meet and to The most interesting objects in Central Arabia speak with and has a quality of democracy hard were the Arabs themselves. Here was the home to reconcile with one's idea of an absolute mon- of the historic Wahabis and their descendants, arch, of which perhaps he is the one leading ex- the redoubtable Ikhwan. The latter movement ample left in the world. For instance, the road seems to have waned and the term is largely in along which he passed from the town castle to the disrepute, the zealous religionists preferring the country castle was often picketed by groups of former designation although one sees numbers of Bedouin. They were waiting for the King's ar- the broad white head bands, especially among the rival to stop him for some complaint or request Bedouin who come to town. These head bands used and the King would always stop, listen graciously to be the special badge of the Ikhwan. Tobacco and give a word of advice or perhaps some money is actually sold in the Riadh bazaar although one or an order on the commissariat. Contrast this does not see any smoking in the streets. Children with his Nebuchadnezzarism in treatment of a play mouth organs, even in the Palace, albeit sur- man who had been sentenced by the court to the reptitiously, and one day Mrs. Van Peursem came whippingpost. The King overruled the court's upon a group of half grown boys playing cards. order and ordered his head off. The man was led They were arguing over the game and Mrs. Van out, thinking he was to receive forty stripes but Peursem stopped and said, "Playing cards! Are just as he finished giving the witness* to the of- you not afraid of the Ikhwan?" ficial in front of him, another from behind sliced "Ikhwan?" they scoffed, but added, "No, but off his head with a sword and he never knew what we do fear the King." struck him. His body lay for hours in the sunny "Well," said she. "May he not come along any square as a lesson to evildoers and was gazed upon minute and catch you at it?" by hundreds of people. One of these who had "Oh, no," very brightly, "he is out in the desert never seen an execution before, was so overcome today." that he fell down in a dead faint and was still un- The Chief Wahabi-The King conscious an hour later when Dr. Dame happened to come that way. But mashallah (what God hath The chief Wahabi as well as the most outstand- willed!) after the doctor had given him a needle ing Arab in the whole country is the King him- he came back to life. The other man, alas, was self. Unusually tall and well built, erect and regal beyond his power! looking in his flowing Arab robes, with his pleasing manner and charming smile he would com- No matter what happens the King must be mand attention in any company. He is simple, di- obeyed and all the Palace servants make it plain rect, unaffected and undoubtedly sincere and at the that when one is summoned by the King one must same time shrewd, diplomatic and yet opinionated. jump and run. It so happened that an American He seems to have a firm hold on the affections of engineer, who has been doing work for the King his people and the times were innumerable that in the Hedjaz for some time, came to Riadh at the one heard "Allah towell amrahu" (God lengthen his days). • "There is no God but God and Mohammed is the Apostle of I first met him at the castle God."

of peach garden fame. Mrs.

Van Peursem had met him pre- viously on one of her profes- sional calls. We had been in- vited out there to meet some of the royal ladies. We were sit- ting on the floor Arab style in our Arab clothes when there seemed a slight commotion out- side in the hallway. A signal went around the room like an electric shock and all the ladies present galvanized into sudden action. The royal lady next to me hissed in my ear, "The King!" and quickly throwing my veil over my face I scram- bled to my feet with the others KING ABD EL AZIZ BIN SAOUD AND ATTENDANTS

same time we were there. The morning after his well as a dozen or more of sisters and daughters arrival a Palace servant summoned him to appear of various ages and dispositions all on good terms before the King. The fact that it was not very with himself and with each other presents no convenient for him to appear at that moment small problem in the diplomatic' line. I believe made no difference; the summons was impor- it is his boast that he has had one hundred and tunate and therefore importunately obeyed. Mr. fifty-three wives and of the hundred and fifty who T. emerged clad only in a large bath towel. Imag- have been divorced down the years not one went ine his consternation when he realized the object away angry at him. He has an attractive personof the summons, which was to meet an American ality and a nice way with his women and I am sure lady! She, too, had been summarily called away the present contingent would lay down their lives from an urgent bit of nursing but the King's de- for him as he seems to have the happy faculty of sire was accomplished. He introduced the two making each one feel that she is superior to all and of the three was probably the most serene and the others and dearer to him by far. Of course the least surprised. he has had plenty of experience but one wonders sometimes how much their loyalty and love and If one were to criticize him as a ruler one would tolerance are influenced by the appeal of his persay that he has too much personal responsibility sonality or by that of his title. Certainly I have for an able executive. It is no doubt true that he never seen these qualities manifested to such a is the most capable man in the kingdom but why degree in other Arab women whose husbands had should the King need to be bothered with every no connection with a throne. little detail in the realm, as for instance the matter of our bathroom? And all during our stay every A Religious Discussion With the King case in the royal family and most of the others outside, examined by Dr. Dame or Mrs. Van Peur- Above everything else His Excellency is very sem, had first been referred to the King. Nothing religious. One would hardly say that he is as anywhere seemed to be done without his permis- fanatic as his followers the Ikhwan but he is very sion or sanction. His finger is in every pie. zealous for Islam as exemplified in Wahabyism and is ever ready to put forth its claims as the Putting the Telephone to the Test cream of religions. He used the usual Moslem arguments-that God had first revealed Himself His Excellency's diplomacy is well known and is through Moses and the Taurat (0. T.), and then well illustrated by the following incident. When through Christ and the Injil (Gospel) and finally modern improvements, including telephones, were through Mohammed and the Koran, and that as being installed in Riadh the Ikhwan leaders grew Christ and the Injil had abrogated Moses and the suspicious and angry and went to the King to Taurat so in turn Mohammed and the Koran had voice their objections to such innovations and now abrogated Christ and the Injil. works of the devil from the lands of the infidel. His Majesty received the deputation with all def- When we refused to accept this statement he erence and respect and listened to all they had to chided us for being less liberal than the Moslems. say. Then he made pronouncement in words to "For," said he, "you will not accept Mohammed this effect: "If the telephone is really a work of and the Koran whereas we do accept Christ and the devil we shall most certainly have none of it. the Injil. Our people must believe in Christ and Tear it out and cast it away. But on the other the Injil. Why, if any of our people deny Christ hand if it is a worthy instrument we must put it and his mother we slay them but you people do to the test. Of a certainty if it is the work of the not accept the Prophet and his book." devil the holy words of the Koran will not pass over it and just as certainly if the holy words do We tried to point out that a nominal or matterpass over it, it assuredly cannot be the work of of-fact acceptance of Christ and his book was of the devil. So we will appoint two mullahs, one very little value; that to say one accepted the book to sit in the Palace and one in the telephone ex- and then not to read it nor follow its teachings change and they are to take turns reading a pas- was rather contradictory to the first statement. sage from the holy book and see what transpires." He came back with that trite argument that the Needless to say each mullah heard the passage Christians had "changed" the Injil so of course it read to him from the other end of the wire and all was not acceptable. After quite a long but friendwere satisfactorily convinced and every objection ly discussion, neither side making any headway, the King remarked as though saying the last word, vanished. "In the Day of Judgment you will find out the To see the King with his women folks makes truth."

one conclude that much of his diplomatic educa- "Indeed we will," we replied, "but in that day tion was acquired in just that connection. Cer- we are afraid that you will repent when repenttainly to keep several wives ana concubines as ance will do you no good."

A WOMAN'S TRIP TO CENTRAL ARABIA

Said he, "Oh have no fear. I shall not repent. However he is a good sport and seems to be I shall be having all good and blessings." well liked. He has quite a sense of humor and a.

We assured him that His EXS!ellency deserved gay, jovial manner. When he learned that Mrs.

all good and blessings and that was why we wished Van Peursem had two eligible daughters he asked to tell him about Christ; but he insisted that a her what his chances were. She replied that he Moslem was per se a believer in Christ though ad- would have to ask the daughters themselves and mitting that he did not follow His teachings. suggested that there might be some hope if he There was a good sequel to this discussion a agreed to certain stipulations, such as going to few days later when we happened to be in the America to see them himself, becoming a Chris- regular women's gathering. Every Friday all the tian, having only one wife now and ever, allowladies of the royal family meet together in the ing her perfect freedom in all things even to main part of the King's Palace for a sort of fam- travel, to drive her own car and to go without a ily reunion. Twice during the day the King comes veil, etc., etc. We thought that his main wife in for a little visit. This is one of the ways, evi- looked at us a bit askance when next we saw her dently, that he keeps in touch with his large circle but I guess she need have no fears. It is not every and no doubt is one of his best avenues for ob- American girl who has a proposal from a Crown taining information, for they tell him everything. Prince! On this day, after he had greeted the assembly Our greatest interest was in the women. We and settled himself on the cushions, he looked over found them very responsive and were met with at the foreign ladies in their Arab costumes and friendliness and cordiality on every hand, whether asked me, "Salaha, when you get back to your from members of the royal family, wives of recountry you will wear those clothes?" tainers, servants or slaves. We felt when we left I replied, "Yes, occasionally." that we were leaving real friends, for our intimate He said, "Oh of course. You will wear them to association had deepened our acquaintanceship to dances." . friendship even in the short space of three months. I responded that I was not in the habit of go- We often thanked our lucky stars that we had ing to dances and he exclaimed, "Why, all Ameri- had many years of experience in our basic stacans go to dances." tions in Arabia before this trip to the interior. I calmly answered that all of them did not go The proper requisite for such a trip is most asfor I did not go. suredly many years of contact and experience Then he said, "Certainly, that is right. You with Arabs and fluency in Arabic. It flattened two are mutedayyineen (religous) and the mute- all obstacles and smoothed our way tremendously. dayyineen do not go to dances. Then turning to The women later admitted that they had had grave the company he explained carefully that we were misgivings when they knew we were coming. They good people and religious and we were called did not know what to expect and evidently were mubeshereen (missionaries) and that we spent pleasantly surprised. I think our Arab dress, our lives in service for the sake of our religion. knowledge of Arabic and Arab ways combined It sounded so much nicer in Arabic than it does with the fortunate circumstances of our both havin English and it was a tribute we appreciated ing brown eyes and dark hair and of not being too very much. It also showed that the King knows thin (!) disarmed any preconceived prejudices where we stand and that we were not sailing they might have had. As soon as Mrs. Van Peurunder any false colors. sem began on her medical work the race was as "Meet the Crown Prince!" good as won.

The Crown Prince is very much like his father New Styles in Clothes in appearance and build and I believe in his man- ner and disposition also. The first day we met him, We found their style of clothes was different a couple of his sisters had connived at his coming from the Bahrain or Gulf styles. In Nejd the suddenly upon us (whether at his instigation or sleeves are worn long and tight with less orna- not I do not know) as the sisters and we sat to- mentation and embroidery. In Bahrain elbow- gether. However, we were quicker than he and length sleeves are increasingly popular for sum- drew our veils, which quite discomfited the young mer among all classes of Arab women but in Nejd man's expectations. He voiced his disappointment they were taboo and even our long sleeved dera's by saying that if he came to Bahrain he would were not long enough and we had to have new surely see us so why did we veil there? Then ones made. The thob, or overdress there is nearly naturally we were perverse about it and would not always black, not bright colors as in Bahrain, have unveiled for anything, saying that now that and is made of net or tulle or sometimes light- we were in the land of the Arabs we had to do weight silk. It is made exceedingly ample and what the Arabs did. very long with quite a train. The milia (veil) is

worn in a slightly different way too to show off Nejd and who knew very little Arabic, was talking the hair more. one day to the King's sister and tried to ask after I allowed myself to be hennaed, which seemed the daughter but .could not think of her name and to please the women immensely. That means hav- said, "Uh, uh," imitating the cough. The sister ing the soles of the feet, toenails and fingers (and got the meaning and laughed heartily and another usually the palms of the hands) dyed a reddish- day when she saw Nurse Grace said to her mis- orange color. The procedure is for the artists to chievously, " 'Uh uh' sends you her salaams."

daub the victim with the henna preparation, which The King's three wives are all charming women.

resembles a mass of chocolate-colored mud and One is the mother of thirteen children and has then for the daubed one to sit for several hours been married to the King twice. He married her until the color sets. In my case it was done before and then divorced her, whereupon one of his I went to bed and my feet were tied up in muslin brothers married her. Then the King decided he cloths but my hands were left free. However the wanted her back and the brother divorced her and sandflies were so fierce I could not keep my hands the King married her again. (It is a Moslem law still and finally took refuge under the sheet, much that if a man divorces a wife he cannot remarry to the detriment of the henna plaster, a good deal her until after she has been married and divorced of which was knocked off and so the result was not by someone else.) quite so successful as it might have been. Still, Then there are the K urgiat (Georgians) but the women were delighted and it seemed to bring really Armenians, favorites of the King or con- me closer to them; of course I had not the ad- cubines, to be exact. They oversee the King's food vantage of a medical reputation. Since my return and clothes and all the intimate details of his liv- to Bahrain I have noticed that that one incident ing; they have borne him sons and daughters; has been broadcast before me and all my Arab they have become Moslems; they have lost their friends ask me if it is true that I was hennaed in 'Christian heritage material and spiritual; they Nejd and they too seem so pleased about it. have given themselves heart and soul to the King's The King's Aunt and Wives well being and service but they remain concubines and never reach the status of wife. No matter I must tell you about the King's old aunt. Mrs. how much the King professes to love them or Van Peursem met her first on one of her early shows preference for them or showers upon them professional calls. Her hostess was a bit diffident gifts of houses, lands, jewels and gold there is al- about the meeting when the old lady was an- ways an essence of opprobrium about their posi- nounced and warned Mrs. Van Peursem that she tion and the higher they advance in the King's was probably getting into hot water. But Mrs. favor the more keenly they feel it. It cannot but Van Peursem scored very successfully and won remain a bitter dreg in their cup. One of them the old lady's approval at once. I met her later was an operative case and was ill at the time of at a Friday assembly and when I was introduced the visit of the American engineer so he politely she greeted me in a quite friendly manner but inquired of the King as to the health of the with a gleam in her eye said, "There is no God but "Queen." The King thought this a great joke and God." relayed it to his favorite with relish but I won- I smiled back but made no comment and she der if he realized that was a stab in her heart and gave me a measuring glance and repeated it chal- that she had many bitter moments over the fallacy lengingly. "There is no God but God." of her position. We resented very much the King's I nodded in assent and she said sternly, "Say it." suave declaration when he would voice to us the So I said it, "There is no God but God." high esteem in which Christians were held by She beamed and patted my hand as much as to them as he said, "We Moslems love the Christians; say, "Well, you are all right too." why, we accept them as wives; that is perfectly She was very friendly after that and we liked allowable."

her ever so much; she was a quaint old character. Allowable indeed! Poor captives, spoils of con- Another interesting character is one of the quest, saved for a time because of their fair skins King's sisters. He has a dozen sisters but this one and brighter minds; they have had everything is the most prominent. In fact I believe the King taken away from them and are as deep dyed in once remarked that if she had been his brother Islam as any born Moslem, yet in the King's rather than his sister he would never have been harem they can never be wives in the legal sense.

King. She is regal looking, stately and tall, a very If he becomes tired or displeased with them they decided person but also very human and has a are married to some retainer or other and not in- fine sense of humor. She has a grown-up daughter frequently to black slaves. Then if they should with a cough and Nurse Grace, who had been in be divorced they must rely on their "father" (the Bahrain only four months when we took her to King) to make another disposal of them. Our

A WOMAN'S TRIP TO CENTRAL ARABIA

thoughts often flew to far-away mothers and the by Mrs. Van Peursem, ably assisted by Nurse tears they must have shed; Rachel's weeping for Grace. The operations were perfomed in the coun- their little daughters who had been stolen away. try castle, "Bedia," some nine kilometers from The Slaves of Arabia Riadh. The first operation was the more difficult and entailed constant after care so we moved out In a hundred per cent Moslem country one to Bedia and lived there for two weeks, which gave should naturally expect to see slaves, since slavery us a real insight into the running of a Moslem is included in the tenets of that religion but to see home in general and of a royal household in par- it in the raw comes as a shock to one's sensibilities ticular. The peach orchard was at its prime and when one's contact has always been with manu- we enjoyed our occasional excursions to it.

mitted slaves or "has-beens." Medina had a hard When the second operation was performed and time for at every turn she was treated as a slave that patient was settled in our wing of the castle and asked openly whose "mameluke" she was. with her children, servants and slaves, we moved After many years of freedom and of being treated back to our town house and made daily visits, as an equal this aspect was rather galling to her often spending the whole day. One morning when spirit, so quickly does one forget past unpleasant- Mrs. Van Peursem walked into this patient's room ness. she encountered a little old Bedouiya. The two I do not mean to imply that the slaves are not stopped and stared at each other a moment in- well treated; they eat the same food as their credulously. "Why," exclaimed Mrs. Van Peur- masters, are well clothed and lack for nothing sem, "aren't you Urn Nura?" (mother of Nura).

physically and as far as one could judge were cer- "Yes," excitedly replied the little desert woman, tainly not overworked. In the Palace at least an "and you are no other than Khatoon Lateefa, Urn impartial observer would class them as a liability Lulu." (mother of Pearl).* rather than an asset; it took a half hour one day The American missionary nurse and the little by the clock for them to find a comb and out of Arab woman had met again, after a period of twenty slaves one might find one really good work- nineteen years. Urn Nura at that time had been er. Orders were carried out in the most desultory in the Bahrain hospital with her sick daughter manner. If one called a slave there might be six and now after these many years they met and or seven squatting in the hallway doing nothing recognized each other in Central Arabia. To me but if the one called happened not to be present it was one of the high lights of the trip and an in- not one of the others would take the trouble to see cident of great significance.

what was wanted or even call the one whose name In the future there will be many women and had been given. And yet what incentive had they children who will remember this visit, for Urn to be otherwise? Whether they worked or not Lulu became very popular. With her skill and they would be fed and clothed and what can be gentle manner combined with her patience and given as compensation for the loss of one's free- readiness to listen to all their complaints she soon dom? It is a pernicious system and the religion had as much work as could be crowded into a day.

that condones and fosters it remains a blot on the With the two special operative patients to look civilized world's escutcheon. after and a number of other special patients who Our sympathies went out to the Abyssinian received almost daily treatments in their own women slaves. These are our Christian sisters homes, there was no time for a regular clinic though dark of skin and of a different language, even if there had been a suitable place provided whom we met in Riadh, a country foreign to both and there was none such at the very inadequate of us and where we bridged the distance between building which passed for the Men's Hospital.

us in its tongue, Arabic. These girls had been But wherever she went, after the special patient stolen from loving parents and families, carried had been treated, as though at a given signal, a away from their homes and country and sold into dispensary would be suddenly in full swing as slavery in Arabia. Here they were owned soul friends, servants and slaves of the hostess would and body by their new masters and had forcibly to crowd in bringing their children with all sorts of give up their religion and yield up their virtue. troubles and illnesses. It was seldom that twenty The Moslems will have a great deal to answer for or twenty-five extra persons were not treated in the Day of Judgment. daily in this way.

Operating on the King's Household The Arabian Physicians The object of the trip to Nejd was the medical Riadh is not without medical help of its own. treatment of two ladies of the King's household. The Sahia or Hospital is open with a Moslem doc- Both of them were operated upon by Dr. Dame tor in charge. The Palace has an X-Ray outfit with and nursed with consummate skill and tenderness • I. e. Gertrude PeaI"l Van Peursem.

a qualified man at its head, and there are two self and lost no opportunities in trying to make other doctors, the Court Physician and the Court plain to us the beauties and advantages of Islam. Surgeon. These men are all Moslems trained in I soon learned that I was my own best argument. Syria or France but somehow they have not yet I would say, "Look at me. I have been married won the confidence of the general run of the wom- fifteen years and have had no children yet my en at least. When Urn Lulu's medicines began to husband loves me and has neither divorced me run out and she would prescribe and say, "but nor married another wife on my head. Do you you can get those medicines from the Sahia, they think I could have enjoyed such raha (quietude) always have them there," their response was in- in Islam if I had been a Moslem?" The argument variably, "No, you give me medicine; I want it was invincible; not a woman's heart could gainfrom you for in your medicine there is blessing." say it.

Four women slaves were also operated upon, at Our last day we were invited once more to the Sahia, and some time had to be given to their lunch with the King's favorite daughter. She had daily care. asked many of our friends and it was a pleasur- able gathering. At one point Urn Lulu and- the I basked in the sunshine of the others' glory for nurse were called away to do some last treatments was I not the wife of the famous and much be- on some eye cases. The rest of us chatted away loved Dame and the "sister" of the wise and kind and when someone sat down in a corner it re- Urn Lulu? I made one friend however on my own minded me of Rob Roy and how he liked to play account. During the dressing of her wound, which "Pussy in the corner," and I mentioned it. At once was rather painful, I was permitted to hold her someone said, "Oh! do show us how to play it," hand and she clung to me for sympathy believing and soon there was a merry scramble with laughthat since I "knew nothing" I at least would not ter and glee as King's wives and sisters raced stick her with a needle or other instrument. from corner to corner. The servants and slaves looked on delightedly and little black boys came Along with the daily treatments and these running to stare in at the windows and doors household dispensaries we had many invitations open-mouthed and wide-eyed at the wonderful fun. to meals in various houses. These affairs were The on-lookers enjoyed it as much as the players always friendly, cordial, pleasant gatherings and and the players seemed to be having the best time we enjoyed them very much as they gave oppor- of their lives and kept it up till they were literally tunity for deepening our acquaintance with the too tired to go on and had to drop down on the women in our social interchange of talk, ideas and floor out of breath. But their eyes were sparkling opmlOns. One thing that impressed them very and their cheeks were bright and their "chests much was the simple statement that as we were were widened" by a good game for once in their Americans our friends and relatives on that side lives anyhow. of the world were asleep while we were chatting with our friends in Arabia. I heard it repeated The next day we left Riadh. It was a bit hard several times as those who had heard it would in- to say goodbye to all the new friends; they seemed form newcomers as to its strangeness. so sincere in their reluctance to have us depart and their adieus were filled with invitations and There were a lot of things about us that seemed hopes that some day we would come again. We very odd to them. That Urn Lulu could come to said farewell, Ii iman Allah (in the safe keeping Riadh and leave Abu (father of) Lulu alone in of God) and started on the long journey home. Bahrain. Did she not fear that he would marry another wife while she was gone? And how could Once more we spent three nights on the desert she leave her two daughters so far away in Amer- and both days and nights were much colder than ica-did she not love them? They could not un- on the ingoing trip. We halted at Ain Nejm, a derstand a love so deep that it would endure even hot spring on the outskirts of EI Hofhuf where separation for the sake of the loved. They were we enj oyed a good hot bath and got into clean surprised and somewhat amused by the doctor's clothes before entering the city. We spent a day taking his wife with him to the peach orchard and there calling on friends and then came on to OJ eir by his riding in the same motor car but they were where we emb_arked in a launch for Bahrain and shocked to hear that we ate our meals together as home. a regular practice. Abu Lulu's ears must have itched very often for they asked many questions So endeth the chronicle of the first tour of womabout him and suggested that next time he had en missionaries to Central Arabia. In my diary better come along, Inshallah (God willing). of October 25 I note, "So good to be home," and yet how glad we are that we had the opportunity DiscusSiions on Religion of going.

Of course there were discussions on religion. The women are just as religious as the King him- Effective Ways of Working 'Tested Methods for Increasing Interest at Home I EDITED BY MRS. ESTELLA S. AITCHISON, GRANVILLE, OHIO ~'=i===========i~ A THANKSGIVING One hundred and forty-five families frames and dental bridges to pledged nothing. vanity boxes and fraternity pins SYMPOSIUM -gifts from 3,600 churches sent -Christian Herald. to the Atlanta headquarters Query,' Is filling the stomach under the direction of three capto distention from an overloaded What wonder that troubled able leaders. Then came the table of rich food an adequate leaders say, "Stewardship is a sorting – two months of hard expression of personal or na- lost note in Christian living?" work among spoons of every tional gratitude to Almighty God But thank God, there is another size, watches and chains by the on Thanksgiving Day in this side to Christian stewardship box-full, false teeth in great Year of our Lord 1934? What and thanksgiving. piles, pencils and pens, not for- do ye more than the heathen in getting a pathetic heap of worn their harvest feasts? A Missionary Treasure Hunt gold bands that were the sym- bols of many a plighted troth. If Christ came to earth on Thanks- The Southern Presbyterian One of the most noteworthy old giving Day, Church needed money-a chronic coins was a silver fifty-cent piece situation among all kinds of in- bearing the date 1861 and the And passed up and down on the great stitutions nowadays. But in words cut by hand with a pen highway, their extremity, they did not knife, "My last Confederate pay, turn to fairs, church suppers and May, 1865." This rare coin was And should visit our churches with commercial schemes, but rather sent to the Headquarters by the tapering spires to sacrificial giving. A call was son of a Confederate hero on the issued to those stalwart Calvin- anniversary of Lee's surrender And divine the thoughts of our nu- ists to turn in for emergency re- at Appomatox. Think of the merous choirs; lief work all unused treasures of gold and silver. "This appeal," sacrifice and the sentiment be- If Christ should come to the earth we are told, "grew out of a de- hind that gift! The treasure of that way, pleted mission fund and dire straits of mission workers in the greatest monetary value came in Saying, "How do you do?" What field," and in response "mem- then would you say? bers of Presbyterian churches in anonymously – five large, unset sixteen Southern States have "How do you do?" with your silver gone to the depths of chests and diamonds of exquisite beauty. and gold; jewel cases and brought forth The pathos behind these gifts treasures, the estimated cash Your copper and bank notes, your value of which will give the re- would make us weep were it not coins new and old? lief fund a $20,000 boost." -Adapted. for our vision of their Divine We all know the tradition of One church in Montclair, New Captain Kidd and his buried transmutation into relief for des- Jersey, made a survey of the lib- riches, but a treasure hunt erality of their members toward staged by church folk in the perately needy missionaries and the Lord. They found among name of missions is either very orphans, on the human side, and .other things that: modern – or very ancient; for we recall: "treasures that moth and rust Forty families pledge per year to the church less than the cost of one And the Lord spake unto Moses, cannot corrupt," on the divine. automobile tire. saying, Speak unto the children of Uncle Sam also has his innings. Israel, that they bring me an offering; One hundred and nineteen families of every man that gives it willingly "It is estimated that a billion pledge less than the cost of two tires. with his heart ye shall take my offer- ing. And this is the offering which dollars worth of American gold Five families pledge per week just ye shall take of them: gold and silver the cost of two packages of "Life and brass …… onyx stones to be set has been removed from trade Savers." in the ephod. channels in the past 50 years in Seven families are content to con- And so the gifts poured in, all jewelry and other forms. From tribute per week the cost of one soda. the way from watches, spectacle the melting pot, the golden fruit Twenty-eight families reckon that [527 ] the church is worth to them, per week, of the Presbyterian Treasure the cost of one admission to a movie Hunt will flow back into the na- balcony seat. tion's trade stream, putting new Forty-six families make a weekly church gift of the cost of half a life blood into national finance pound of candy (not too good candy). while providing stimulus to re- Twenty-two more families are ligion as interpreted by the en- pleased to pledge to the Lord per week a sum equal toa day's smoke to an average man.

Forty-nine families are content with a weekly pledge of the amount of one luncheon (at a moderate priced res- taurant). terprising and faithful followers A Thank-Offering Object "What are the fruits of the Spirit?" Lesson (Pass,ages on love, joy, peace, paof Calvin." At the Lakeside (Ohio) sum- tience, kindness, etc.) Suitable di- All this and much more was mer conference of Methodist told in The Christian Observer Home Missionary women, some visions of the story of the mission as a reprint from the special one told of using in the thank- field or fields to be considered are then write-up of the event in The At- offering program in November a designated to correspond with ordilanta Journal. Real sacrificial richly decorated table at the giving has not disappeared from back of which was a row of har- nary courses at a banquet, not forthe Church. vest objects – nine large pota- getting the salad, the dessert ("some toes, nine apples, nine tall Ohio's Love Gift candles, nine dollars, etc. On blessed results"), "nuts to crack" the next parallel row, in corre- (problems of the mission field) and Under this title The World sponding positions, stood one po- Call tells of the noble efforts of tato, one apple, one candle, one "bon bons" ("sweets along the way," Ohio women to measure up to dollar, etc., a card saying, "This such as "There's a new joy just around the stature of their pioneer leaders in making their Sixtieth An- is what we should do." On the the corner in mission work. One of niversary Love Gift. All over third and front row, in corre- these blessings comes in seeing the the state, local societies held sponding positions, lay one grain "Sacrificial Luncheons" at which results in Christian lives"). These no food was served except "food of wheat, one small birthday last should be wrapped in tin foil and for thought," the love gifts be- candle, five cents, etc., the plaing brought in with "prayer and card saying, "This is what we passed around to be read. The spirfasting." At the Ohio State itual feast closes with singing softly, Convention of the Disciples, on really do." Could anything be May twenty-second, the women more rebuking than this silent "I'll Go Where You Want Me to Go." held the service which rounded accusation of non-tithers and Then light refreshments, such as up the long effort. non-givers? bananas, nut sandwiches, etc., are On the stage at one end of the room was a table set for unseen guests. served. Loving friends had purchased luncheon tickets for missionary women of "I Am Thine" earlier days and the names of many leaders were on the place cards ….. . A Harvest Feast Another excellent Thank-of- Mrs. Anna R. Atwater spoke on the fering program from the same theme, "A Flame of the Lord's Kin- This effective program for dling" in which she paid tribute to publication and, like the foregothe worthy leaders of the past, light- ing, planned by Mrs. Albert ing a candle to their memory. Thomas, aims to fix in girls' minds the glory and privilege of A past president read the names of being a steward, the honor of the unseen guests …… and mentioned being entrusted with God's mesthat the receipts from this luncheon sage of grace to the world. An and some other special gifts were to abbreviated version follows: be given as a memorial to Miss Mary Lyon. Miss Lela Taylor …… spoke 'teen age girls is abbreviated Poster suggestion – girl searching on the theme, "Keepers of the Light." from World Comrades, a mis- She paid tribute to the achievements far horizon with telescope, the print of the present, and as she lighted her candle from that of the past, she sionary publication of the Wom- below saying, "Looking for Unseen brought a challenge to the women of the day to carryon worthily. en's Auxiliary of the Southern Gifts," with time, date and place of Miss Bertha Park, the efficient state Baptist Convention. meeting. In the demonstration use secretary of missionary organizations in Ohio, spoke on the theme, "Pass- objects to represent the gifts which ing on the Torch." After lighting her own candle from that symbolizing Send out invitations on autumn we wish to consecrate to the Lord-an the Present, she introduced the presidents of the younger missionary or- leaves cut from colored paper. Hold armful of books suggesting the use of ganizations of the entertaining church as representative of all the local the meeting in a place where a long the mind; a small clock turning the churches and lighted their candles. The state president then dedicated all table may be used to seat the girls thoughts to the gift of time; a violin the women of the state to the task of keeping aglow this "Flame of the around it. Set the table as for a real carrying the idea of talent; a purse Lord's Kindling." banquet with centerpiece of fruits, speaking of money, and a Bible show- Each local society present had a representative in the long line that especially those common in the mis- ing forth the unseen gifts of grace came forward to put their Love Gifts sion fields to be considered. Write and salvation. Costumes may be in the Treasure Chest placed in front of the table for the unseen guests. menu inside an autumn leaf folder worked out to represent all of these. Gifts have been received totaling over $2,800. and carry out the whole program as Have stationery ready for the if it were a banquet being served. Thanksgiving letter. Prepare baskets The program leader will be hostess for use in devotional by writing out and toastmistress. Those rendering Scripture references on separate slips the parts will be the speakers and of paper and wrapping in various seated appropriately in places of shapes.

honor. For the devotional put slips After the singing of several Thanks- of paper in each fruit cup. giving selections, distribute paper and As the girls arrive, gather around ask each person to write a letter of the piano for fellowship songs, then gratitude to the person who has let the counselor explain why the pro- brought the greatest blessing into her gram is planned as a feast, referring life during 1934-these to be real let- to the fact that almost all nations ters, mailed to those for whom they have their harvest feasts, the harvest are intended. This will surely extend time almost always developing some the Thanksgiving horizon.

ceremony of observance. After years Counselor then leads in an open of seed sowing in (the coun- discussion of things for which the try or countries to be considered) the participants are particularly thankful, program study of the harvest of souls- leading up to the spiritual blessings.

has been arranged as a feast. Weare and closing with "Count Your Bless- ings." . all invited to go into the dining room for our meeting. After singing The basket with "some unseen gifts"

"Break Thou the Bread of Life" as is next passed around, and each girl grace, John 15: 1-8 was read as a takes and unwraps a package. These basis for the theme of fruit-bearing prove to contain suitable Scripture as a distinguishing mark of His dis- passages to be read aloud after lead- ciples. The slips from the fruit cups er's presentation of "the unspeakable furnished an answer to the question, Gift." There is no better way to thank

EFFECTIVE WAYS OF WORKING

God for spiritual blessings than to and introductions to the study were allowed for each group to recognize His complete ownership of themes. Dr. Helen Magley, of make up a song and a yell using all that we have and are. Let us pray Norwood, Cincinnati, Ohio, who the name of its flower. The lotus that we may truly know that we are was recreation leader at the came out first on the yell and the God's. Soft music, "I Am Thine, 0 Lakeside summer camp of a chrysanthemum on the song. Lord," follows. group of Queen Esther girls (Methodist), sends us the fol- Presently it was announced Demonstration: After preliminary lowing account of the opening that a chairman and her secrestatement as to stewardship, the function which lured the mem- tary should retire to another leader asks the question in 1 Chron. bers on toward a study of Japan: room and meet one of the coun- 29: 5. The answer to this is given by selors, while the company sang six girls who enter from another room At noon on the opening day songs. When this secretary reor behind screen, each bringing one of our missionary camp, we had entered the room (as an attendof the objects representing her phase set small baskets made of wall ant, this time), she carried a pilof stewardship, and giving a brief paper at the places of the hun- low on which rested a crown of talk upon it. (1) The mind. 1 Cor. dred and four girls and coun- flowers with which her chair- 6: 19, 20. (2) Time. (3) Talent. selors registered. A note on the man was crowned group queen (4) Money. (5) The Bible. (6) inside of each basket revealed by the camp mother, to the ac- Fellowship with Christ in proclaiming this secret: companiment of soft music, the the Gospel. Weare entrusted with subjects standing until the i r the Good News for all the world. Are There's to be a flower festival queen rejoined them at the table. you a steward of the Gospel? At Camp Wesleyan tonight, This ceremony was repeated un- til each group had its monarch. A Leaderless Thanksgiving' So come join in the merriment After a half hour's rest period, Meeting To start our week off right. the girls were summoned for vespers. One of the nationals This was arranged for variety That evening, as the girls en- led, telling of incidents leading and freshness. The chairman tered the dining room, each one to her conversion. The only ilprepared assignments and dis- was given a flower made on a lumination was candle-light and tributed them before the meet- tooth pick, which divided the the songs were such as "Follow ing; well in advance of the day. group into five smaller groups. the Gleam," "Let the Beauty of Slips may be cut in the shape of The flowers were ch~rry blos- .Jesus Be Seen in Me" and "Into a turkey if desired. Then with- soms, morning glories, lotus, My Heart." The effect was loveout any announcements, the pro- wistaria and chrysanthemums. ly and quieting. gram runs itself, items appear- These groups lasted through the ing in the numerical order of the week and worked together to Methods for Increasing slips, as follows: win honors for their teams either Interest in song, stunt or athletic activi- 1. Open the meeting by announcing ties and also aided in setting the The Friends' Missionary Ad- the first hymn, "0 for a Thou- tables on their particular days. vocate gives worthful sugges- sand Tongues to Sing." tions for accentuating interest During the evening meal pop- among their membership of all 2. Lead in prayer. ular and pep songs were sung. ages. Among the points are 3. Read the first Scripture lesson, Each group chose a girl to act as mentioned: chairman and another for secre- Psalm 111. tary. Then the fun began. Each Having a missionary commit- 4. Read the second Scripture lesson, secretary was handed pencil and tee write to the different fields paper and the circles were given and get personal replies to be Psalm 138. five minutes to think of the va- read in Sunday school or mis- 5. Announce hymn, "Praise Him, rious kinds of flowers, their sec- sionary society. retaries listing all flowers named. Praise Him." The circle with the largest list Conducting imaginary trips to 6. Announce that we will now look won, receiving a score of twenty- the foreign field, with visual five points; the second fifteen; aids to understanding. at some causes for thanksgiv- the third ten; the fourth five; ing. Mrs. A– will discuss the the fifth one. Scores for each Having individuals make suit- first – "Our Ever – Enlarging group were totaled for the eve- able mottoes of quotations to be Field." ning to decide which was the exhibited in the Sunday school. 7. Announce that Mrs. B– will winning group. bring to us another cause–"A Assigning incidents describ- Proper Evaluation of the Mis- Again each secretary was ing actual missionary experi- sionary." armed with pencil and paper ences, to be memorized and re- 8. Announce that Mrs. C– will tell and this time the group was to peated by various children. us how the infant churches of mingle with the others and find the mission fields are learning out names, birthdays and birth Asking volunteers to learn the to walk alone. flowers of the girls and report names of missionaries and their 9. Lead the group in sentence data to be listed, the group hav- fields, a Missionary Album con- prayers, asking that Mrs. D– ing the longest list in a given taining pictures and brief bio- make the closing prayer. time being the winner. graphical sketches being avail- 10. Announce that Mrs. E– will able. sing the closing solo. Next, ten to fifteen minutes MRS. C. E. TIMBERLAKE. Shadyside, Ohio.

A Flower Festival As Mission- ary Recreation Recreational periods, which are a necessity in young people's missionary organizations, may be made not only charming in themselves but worthful as links The Council of Women for Home Missions ANNE SEESHOLTZ, EXECUTIVE SECRETARY, 105 EAST TWENTY-SECOND STREET, NEW YORK ~=.~~==~~~~~~~~ A CALL TO PRAYER The World Day of Prayer of- In Buenos Aires, "The World Goes to All People fering will be used for Christian Day of Prayer was observed by "Ye shall seek me, and find me, when ye shall search for me literature for women and chil- a group of English-speaking with all your heart." dren in Mission Lands, Christian women last Friday, February You are invited to unite in a world-wide fellowship of service among migrant labor- 16, at 5 p. m. in St. John's Pro- worship and prayer on the ing families, Women's Union Cathedral, (Anglican), wit h WORLD DAY OF PRAYER the first Friday in Lent Christian Colleges, Religious Mrs. Commissioner Carpenter of MARCH 8, 1935 Education in United States In- the Salvation Army presiding. "God is a spirit and they that Some sixty or seventy were pres- worship Him must wor- dian Schools. ship Him in spirit The Program, "Bear Ye One An- ent. The following churches and in truth." other's Burdens," is 2 cents, $2.00 per and groups were present: An- 100; Young People's Program, 2 glican, Baptist, Church of "BEAR YE ONE ANOTHER'S cents, $2.00 per 100; Children's Pro- BURDENS" Christ, Scientist, Disciples of gram, 1 cent, 75 cents per 100. This Christ, Lutheran, Presbyterian, LET US PRAY FOR: Call is free. The poster (llx16% The missionary enterprise and inches), like cut on front, is 5 cents. Salvation Army, Tee H, and the for all who share therein. A quickened conscience to- Supplies should be ordered from head- Y. W. C. A. To Mrs. Carpen- ward the world's burden quarters of· the denominational mis- bearers. sion boards. ter's reverent and impressive Courage to stand for the right leading was due much of the and willingness to accept the sacrifices involved for WORLD DAY OF PRAYER spirit of prayer that prevailed." us all in the building of a In a mission school in Egypt better world. Justice and understanding be- March 8, 1935 prayers were said as usual. tween individuals, classes, races and nations. The record of the World Day "After prayers I was surprised of Prayer of 1934 cannot but stimulate the imagination of to see all the girls rise from Christians the world over. Two their chairs and go to their bed- hundred and fifty thousand pro- grams for use on that day were rooms; then I learned that, with sold in the United States and the adapted program was used in the exception of the five-year- Africa (North, South and Cen- tral) , Argentina, Australia, Aus- olds, every child in the boarding tria, Brazil, British Guiana, Bulgaria, Burma, Chile, China, department was planning to fast Colombia, Cuba, Denmark, Do- minican Republic, Egypt, Eng- on this, the Christians' 'Day of land, Fiji Islands, Finland, France, Guatemala,' Germany, Prayer.' The whole school Greece, H 0 11 and, Honduras, joined in a special service at 10 Hungary, .India, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Korea, Mexico, New a. m. Each class had its special Zealand, Nicaragua, Norway, Paraguay, Persia, Philippine burden of prayer. China with Islands, Poland, Puerto Rico, its floods; India with its earth- Salvador, Scotland, S wed en, Switzerland, Turkey, Uruguay, quake; Austria, France and Venezuela, and the West Indies; from sunrise to sunset the world Japan with their difficulties round. Under tropic trees and in frozen zones groups of women were all remembered. The eight-year-olds prayed for Amer- ica. I was ashamed when I heard them plead that God would take away the wine and strong drink from our beloved America.

The five-year-olds prayed for Egypt and our own school, its teachers and children." .

From the home field word comes from an American Indian Institute in Kansas that "our meeting was one filled with sin- met together to praise God and cere devotion and supplication to beseech his mercy upon this and it was inspiring to hear our boys, one by one, pray for peace sin-sick world.

[530 ]

BULLETIN OF THE COUNCIL OF WOMEN FOR HOME MISSIONS

and the progress of Christianity tian basis of world peace; one so through the years the harvests at home and abroad." A moun- to study the problem of peace have ever been with the Thanks- tain school in North Carolina policies; and the third to study giving season. But today there sends in the following descrip- the program for peace education. is a story back of these harvests tion of their program: "The The Council of Women for Home that would stir to action the peo- service was in charge of the Missions is cooperating in this ple of our land if they but knew.

Junior Class which had worked Crusade and has membership on The harvesting of the crops out the Program as their project. these commissions. has become so enormous a task In the choir vestments they *** to supply the markets for 125,- marched, carrying white can- 000,000 people, and so complidles, in processional form sing- A challenge to be peace-acting cated a system, that 2,000,000 as well as peace-minded has ap- individuals, including 200,000 ing the 'Light of the World.' peared in these pages before. children, are today roaming our "The section on Peace, with The Council is working harder country-to answer the demand than ever to furnish facts about for seasonal workers-homeless, the prayers by girls from the war and peace, reference ma- uneducated, weakened in body terial, suggestions for programs, and spirit-that the crops may class studying modern history, be harvested. included the countries which information about the Marathon they have thus far studied. The Round Tables, peace stamps at It was said at the White closing part of the service, the one cent each; a worship serv- House Conference on Child lighting of seven candles repre- Health Protection that every senting Peace in School, in ice, "On What Peace Depends," underprivileged child is a poten- Home, in Heart, was followed by at two cents each; a pageant- tial first offender – 200,000 po- 'Send Out Thy Light,' after tential first offenders or 200,000 which two small girls lighted drama, "The Triumph of Good- potential goOd citizens? The will," in five short episodes, at churches of many denominations our individual candles, and the 35 cents a copy; and News have united in a program of educhoir marched out singing, 'Now cation, coperation and service- Letters from the International that these children may have the Day Is Over.''' Relations Committee and Legis- their chance. An interesting report from lative Committee. This mate- NOTE.-The picture in the October Puerto Rico includes the follow- rial is for your use; write to the Bulletin is not that of the Kawaiahao ing: "For days beforehand we church building as noted in the title. wondered if after all we should Council for it. By some mistake the printer inserted be able to have the program at the wrong plate. the appointed date as there was *** a boycott against the Electric Light Co., and there were no As on that first Thanksgiving lights in the church. There was Day when the Pilgrim Fathers offered prayers of thanksgiving for the bounty of the harvests, a rumor to the effect that there .—-:::::="""";""—:::::::;'—-=:——::=====~~~~ would not be lights even in the streets that night, in which case we knew that the people would not venture out.

Christians of the United States are called to unite in prayer on the first Friday in Lent with Christians round the world. It is a Day of Prayer for others, and for all mission- ary enterprises at home and abroad. Cannot each Christian church be opened both for for- mal gatherings of prayer, and for the opportunity for individ- uals to seek that quiet place for prayer?

PEACE CRUSADE OF THE .-…..,…——————–====~­ "God is Great, God is Good, CHURCHES And we thank Him for this food."

The Department of Interna- (A t one of the children's centers in a Migrant Camp.) tional Justice and Goodwill, of the Federal Council of Churches of Christ in America, has authorized a Peace Crusade of the Churches, and in preparation for it has appointed three commissions – one to study the Chris-

~'I~~==========='~

L. .~~=O~u=A=r=M~==iO'-=:;=ryr=.~=~=w:=:=P=!d=Of=eC=U=?=en=t~=~=~=?=o=k=~=—-~ LATIN AMERICA been going on there in the last come for employment. Three Anniversary in Puerto Rico two years and a half: evangelical churches are estab- lished in this center – the Mo- "I am pastor of the two union ravian, which ministers mostly to English-speaking Negroes, The Holy Trinity Church, American congregations, and in the Evangelical, which ministers Ponce, the first Anglican church charge of all mission work to Dominicans in the Spanish language, and the Baptist, which ever erected in Puerto Rico, has among the Cubans of the island. ministers to the Haitians in the French language. -Missions. recently celebrated its sixtieth My pastorate began two and a anniversary. In 1869, when the half years ago. Until that time first Spanish Republic decreed no Cuban had been received into religious liberty for its icnolPoonniecs~ our church, and not much misa group of Englishmen sion work had been done among organized a parish and Queen them. Today, a chain of Meth- Refuge for German Jews Victoria gave the materials for odist churches extends from one Guatemala has offered to set- the church building. It was side to the other roefguthlaerliyslaprnod~ tle some thousands of German and the Gospel is shipped in sections from Liver- Jews, and has made available claimed in all points of imporpool and was consecrated in 5,000 acres of free land in the tance. There are seven Cuban 1874. When the Spanish Re- Province of Galapa for the first and two American congregapublic fell, the church was or- families to arrive. The immi- tions. Fifty members by profesdered closed, but the Queen and grant families must farm the sion of faith and two by certifithe Consul managed to have it land, must not engage in such cate have been received during kept open, though the bells were nonproductive activities as trad- the past year. We have four not permitted to be rung, until ing and peddling, and each must Sun~ay schools, a young people's the American occupation in have a minimum capital of sectIOn, a woman's missionary 1898. A Puerto Rican, Rev. $1,000. President Ubico, of society, and, in Neva Gerona Esteban Reus-Garcia, is priest Guatemala, expressed himself as Bible and general training in charge. Communicants of emphatically opposed to Nazi classes during the week for all the church's mission in Puerto activities in his country, and children and young people. Two Rico have been increasing at an welcomed Jewish colonization. Sunday school training schools average rate of five per cent a Japan also has intimated that were conducted during the year year. she would welcome the settle- and thirty-two credits awarded. ment of 50,000 Jewish refugees Better News from Cuba – World Outlook. from Germany in Manchukuo.

The principal of the Kate The Gospel in Hispaniola It is pointed out that the soil is PCluubma,erseBnrdysanenSccohouoral giinngGunineews~ The evangelization of the Do- ve r y rich and at present is minican Republic is in the hands of two missions, the Free Meth- worked only by primitive meth- odists in the north, and the of the situation there: "Recent Board for Christian Work in ods. -Alliance Weekly. Santo Domingo in the south. activities of the radicals among This latter organization repre- Which Way South America? sents three home mission boards Havana students have awakened – Presbyterian, Methodist and United Brethren – which have the more intelligent and depend- pooled their resources for this Dr. Samuel Guy Inman, who republic, and have established able students to an understand- churches that are known simply made his first visit to South as evangelical. ing of the real situation. By an America in 1914 and has re- .on t~e extreme eastern tip of overwhelming majority the rad- Hlspamola are the immense turned every two or three years sugar estates of an American ical viewpoint has been defeated corporation, to which hundreds, since, is deeply impressed with perhaps thousands, of laborers in an assembly of sotuvdeernt4~.0"00 from all parts of the island have the optimism of the people Havana University [ 532] there, as compared with the pes- On the Isle of Pines simistic attitude in the U. S. and Europe. ' The Isle of Pines in the Caribbean Sea has a population of The Seventh Pan-American Confer- 7,000. Writing to the preachers ence at Montevideo was a tremendous of the Pacific Conference, Rev. success. For the first time the North Carl D. Stewart tells the story ~meri~an del,egation ,worked side by of a remarkable work that has SIde wIt!'t Latm AmerIcan delegations, each WIth mutual respect and real friendship. This was largely due to the simple and sincere efforts of Secre-

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

tary of State Hull. In four respects value of the contents. Though the Christians of that country, at least he greatly pleased the Con- the United States Post Office has who are overwhelmingly Luference-in declaring that the United special facilities arranged for theran, are carrying on in five States Government would not act as the sending of money without mission fields-Africa (Zulua debt collecting' agency for the bankers; that this country was ready risk of loss in the actual trans- land), Rhodesia, South India, to discuss with Latin America a re- fer of checks, money orders or and China. duction of tariffs; that we would drafts, so that the gift reaches In these five fields, the Swedenter into inter-American peace ar- the one intended, it has not ish societies have a baptized ragements on equality with all Ameri- been able to devise any method membership of 32,980 and 2,074 can nations, with no special demands whereby it can send articles to candidates for baptism. There because of the Monroe Doctrine; and these two countries. that we promised not to intervene in are 120 white missionaries and the affairs of any Latin American nation. In each of these countries are EUROPE 729 native workers. The Church political movements along fascist lines; but it would be a mistake to Missionary Society had an injudge the direction that South America is moving by the present domi- The Bible Supreme come of 1,063,018 crowns, somenance of reactionary governments. what less than the preceding As a matter of fact they appear to be the dying gasps of an old order, for "Suppose you were sent to year. the university students and labor groups, two most influential classes, prison for three years and could Revival in Norway teachers in primary and secondary schools, tenant farmers and certain only take three books with you, Indian groups are committed to a new socialized movement. Strange to say, which three would you choose? Last spring a spiritual awakthis social program is best organized Please state them in order of ening began in the city of Berin a country that recently had appar- their importance." This ques- gen, in Norway, with a populaently one of the most permanent dic- tion was sent by the editor of an tatorships-Peru. The Apra Party, influential London newspaper to tion of one hundred thousand. with a radical social program, is the Rev. H. B. Roller, an evangelist strongest political organization in one hundred prominent men- from Berkeley, Cal., was called South America today. peers, members of Parliament, to assist in the campaign. Meet- professors, authors, merchants ings began in the Central Meth- Model Hospital, Santiago -a comprehensive selection. odist church, which was filled to Health authorities of Chile Few of them were keen about capacity. There were converhave repeatedly stated that the religion; many were not even sions, consecrations, and deci- Presbyterian Maternity Hospi- churchgoers; others were ag- sions for Christ in large numtal at Santiago is the type they bers. When people were turned wish to reproduce in their plans nostics or atheists. Yet 98 of for extended service to mothers them placed the Bible first on away for lack of room, the Luand their babies. Expectant their list. theran State Church offered its mothers are given weekly attention, and pre-natal and post- German Missions larger auditorium and later the natal clinics are conducted with large Cathedral 0:( Bergen was maximum results. Some 300 The Evangelisches Missions- used. The Christian spirit manbabies are born each year in the magzin, in its latest number, ifested was a proof that the establishment. The cost of contains an interesting comparimaintenance required from the son between the Protestant and State Church and the Free Presbyterian Board is only the Catholic missions carried on by churches could harmonize in a salary of the nurse in charge. German groups and societies. perfect way so far as the funda- According to the article, there mentals of salvation are con- Do Not Send Packages are 1,571 Protestant mission- cerned. The total n u m b e r aries and 3,673 Catholic Ger- The Inland South America man missionaries. This means helped, as nearly as could be es- Missionary Un ion announces that the Catholics send out 4% timated, was about 1,200. that it is unwise to send articles by mail, express or freight to -Moody Monthly. missionaries working in Brazil or Bolivia. In a majority of times as many workers, al- World W. C. T. U. at cases the package is never re- though they are numerically· Stockholm ceived intact, and when delivered the missionary finds it only one-half as strong as the has been opened and part of the Protestants. The Cat hoI i c Delegates from thirty councontents removed. In other cases the package does not reach forces include 999 ordained men tries attended the six-day sesthe missionary at all. Or, if the over against the 515 Protestant sion of the World's W. C. T. U. package arrives, the duty ex- ordained workers. On the other in Stockholm last July. Dr. Ella acted i$ often greater than the hand, the Protestants have 61 A. Boole, reelected as world mission fields, while the Cath- president, in her initial address olics have only 50. Protestant referred to the organization as missionaries have a much great- a "little League of Nations," de- er number of baptized members claring that the very fact that a to their credit, and the Catholics convention is being held where- in thirty nations are participat- have more inquirers. ing, of itself contributes to Swedish Missions world peace. Young people in The new yearbook of the thirty countries are organized Swedish societies shows that as members of the Loyal Tem-

perance Legion, Ii n d nearly theology and eleven evangelists News from Mboga 3,000 young people have cemented friendship through cor- are being trained in Erlangen . Those interested in Canon respondence. and Neuendettelsau. Four con- Apolo's work .will be glad to gregations have already erected Dr. Izora Scott, World Super- chapels, and four others have have this news from Rev. A. B. intendent for Peace, mentioned made preparations for such Lloyd: the leadership of the W. C. T. U. in assembling and presentation buildings. I need hardly try to express to you at Geneva of a petition for in- my deep feelings of gratitude to God ternational disarmament, which AFRICA car r i e d 8,003,764 signatures for the great honor He has conferred from fifty-six countries, Great Britain leading with 2,146,062 upon me in allowing me to take up names, and the United States The World's Smallest Church Apolo's work. I find everything in second with 1,135,433 names. order, and apart from a slight falling L. A. McMurray writes from off in church attendance, things are -Christian Advocate. the Belgian Congo: "Two of us going on quite normally. Austrian Revival were making a hurried bicycle There are over 300 people ready for baptism, and every prospect of that The Au s t ria n Evangelical trip through a village seven Church has become the center miles from Mutoto when we number being doubled in a little while. of a church extension movement The great need seems to be the raison a scale such as has never oc- were stopped by some native ing of the standard of Christian curred in Austria, and is almost knowledge. The leaders (over sixty unique in the history of Protes- boys about twelve years old. The of them) are deplorably ignorant, altantism. Masses of new mem- spokesman, Bukasa by name, bers are being received and it is said with a smile, 'Why don't though the spiritual tone is high. I conservatively estimated t hat the increase in membership this am here alone with one young man, year will be at least 10 per cent. you come and teach us in our who for at least six months will have Without any propaganda on the to spend most of his time at language part of the Church, multitudes village? We have a shed.' We study, and be quite unable to do much are coming to it, driven by a in the way of leading. Even at the deep spiritual hunger for the looked for the shed, found a end of that time, being a layman, he true faith. Many of these new flimsy structure of light sticks adherents are Catholics who had left the Roman Church years covering not more than six will not be able to take the responsiago. Under the stress of the bility of pastoral work. It is therepresent hour they are seeking square feet. A grown person fore of paramount importance that asylum in the evangelical mes- could just stand up in the mid- another man should be sent without sage of the Word of God. dle of it. 'Who built this shed?' delay to take over from me when I -Presbyterian Banner. we asked. 'We did,' was the leave. He should be an ordained man who can shepherd this flock, and be Gospel Among Ukrainians proud reply of the boys. able to administer the sacraments of "We gave the boys some little the Church. It is almost ten years since there has been a reformation hymn books, and found they al- (An ordained recruit has now among the Ukrainians who con- been sent.) stitute the majority population ready had a catechism and were on the eastern border of Poland. teaching the people in the vil- -C. M. S. Gleaner. They are now struggling toward lage every day. We promised to a national church. In the course of these ten years twenty evan- come back. I shall not soon for- Dan Crawford Hospital gelical congregations of the Lu- get my first trip to this little viltheran confession have been established in the villages and lage to preach. Bukasa was Dr. Tilsley, who has been in towns near Stanislau, where formerly the preaching of the Gos- there, books in hand, his best charge of the Dan Crawford pel was entirely unknown. There are at present eight Ukrainian smile on. He picked up two Memorial Hospital at Luanza, preachers, of whom three are fully trained pastors and five sticks and began to beat on a Elizabethville, Congo BeIge, has are lay evangelists engaged in the work of preaching the Gos- small log. The noise thus pro- been obliged to leave Africa and pel. Four additional students of duced began to bring people in return to England. The Belgian -old men, old women, young Government does not permit men, young women and little anyone to practise even the most children. In five minutes there simple forms of medical treat- was a congregation of thirty, ment without a recognized qual- who of course completely filled ification; this law has not al- and overflowed the shed. Bu- ways been strictly enforced, but kasa led in a hymn, which he regulations are being tightened had learned at Kankalenge, our up. After Dr. Tilsley's depar- local school. He walks in to this ture the authorities could have school every day and back in the directed the Luanza hospital to afternoon. The people all seemed be closed; had this occurred to recognize him as leader and there might have been difficul- followed him remarkably well. ties in reopening it, even when "Since then Bukasa has en- someone with suitable qualifica- larged his church and his activ- tions became available. This ities. He has actually stirred difficulty was temporarily met up the men in the village to by Dr. Patrick Dixon, stationed bring bigger sticks and bundles at Chisambo, some 200 miles of dried grass to build a larger, south of Luanza. As he was due man-sized shed, which they have to go on furlough at the end of almost finished." the year and the one to replace -Presbyterian Survey. him had already ;;I,rrived he was

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

free to go to Luanza. In J anu- F i v e – Yea r Industrialization evangelist came to this village, ary of this year Mr. and Mrs. E. Plan, with the building of saying, "If I do not know that J. Salisbury arrived at Luanza twelve factories as a goal. To you are here, how can I oppose from Bunkeya. Mrs. Salisbury, train their own workmen and you ?"-Presbyterian Banner. being a qualified nurse, was per- de vel 0 p industrial thinking mitted to take charge of the hos- among a rural population five INDIA AND BURMA pital after Dr. Dixon left in ministries are forming plans for April. When he returns next developing vocational training The Last Census in schools. Appropriations for year he will resume his regular health have been maintained; a India is now said to be the work at Chibambo, but unless, several – thousand – year – old hel- most populous country in the or until another doctor is se- ter-skelter system of mixed and world, surpassing even China. uncontrolled weights and meas- Her increase in ten years has cured for Luanza, he will have ures has been wiped out in the been 33,895,298. Eighty-nine general supervision of the work interests of honesty; and finally, per cent of her people live in there. safer and more speedy transpor- villages and it is declared that tation is assured.-Near East an evangelistic tour, visiting L'Evangile en Afrique Christian Council Bulletin. and spending one day in every village in India would take 1,909 This interesting eight-page Some Figures for Palestine years. In the whole population 84.4 per cent of the men and paper in French has found its Palestine has received from 97.1 per cent of the women are three to four thousand Jews a illiterate, the test being "the way to America from the Bel- month during this year. Dur- ability to write a letter and to ing 1933 the number of German read the answer to it." Among gian Congo. It appears as an Jews that entered Palestine was Christians 72.1 per cent are il- 9,000. Altogether in the past literate, an improvement on the evangelical review intended for ten years Palestine received general population. 124,702, and lost 26,083 who rethe Christians of the colonies us- turned to other countries. There The religious classification is are 120 Jewish settlements in about as follows, considering ing the French language. Among Palestine, and at least 27,000 only the larger groups: Hindus Jewish people engaged in agri- number 239,195,100, or 68.24 some articles of a general na- culture. Twenty-four thousand per cent; Mohammedans 77,- children are in Jewish schools of 677,500, or 22.16 per cent; Budture (one on the sleeping sick- Palestine. The budget was not dhists 12,786,800, or 3.65 per only balanced in 1933, but had a cent; Tribal religions 8,280,300, ness) there is an article on the comfortable surplus. It is a land or 2.36 per cent; and Christians without unemployment. 6,296,700, or 1.79 per cent. The work of the Evangelical Mis- Christians have, relative to their Promising Signs in Persia strength, grown more than three sion Society of Paris in Gabon, times as fast as Hindus and Persia's 100th year has been Buddhists, and nearly three the 0 n I y Protestant Society harder, say the missionaries, times as fast as Mohammedans. than even the tragic years of the which does any work in the World War, when destruction, The number of blind people in famine and death wrecked the India is given in the 1931 census Gabon. This is a large territory western part of the country. Yet as 601,370, an increase of 120,- the signs of promise for the fu- 000 in the last ten years. am 0 n g the colonies under ture are many, even in the midst of hearl-wrenching conditions. -International Review of French jurisdiction in Equato- A friendly Minister of Educa- Missions. tion is helping untangle the rial Africa. There are different knotty questions of the status of Caste and Out-Caste Christian schools. Cooperation races and tongues represented between Presbyterian g r 0 ups Rev. J. Gordon Bennett gives and the Church of England Mis- some encouraging facts of the in this vast area and the Evan- sion in the south is bringing work in Medak: 1,981 adult and greater strength and sympathy 3,706 children baptisms have gelical Society works among all among Per s ian Christians. been recorded in 1933, mostly in Threatened hindrances to medi- villages already occupied. The of them. It maintains seven sta- cal work have not materialized. baptized community now num- In one village a friendly mullah bers 89,882. In more than tions. -C. T. B. saw to it that he was busy else- twenty circuits Young Men's where when the missionary Summer Schools have meant a WESTERN ASIA quickening of spiritual life that is being shown in a new helpful- Reforms in Turkey ness in combating all kinds of Last year the tenth anniversary of the Republic was celebrated and the Turkish people themselves we r e astonished when they saw, through statistics effectively displayed, what progress they had made. The celebration was the center for Near East peace efforts, so that while Europe is thinking in terms of war with its Christian neighbors, Turkey is thinking and acting in terms of peace with Christian neighbors. While other lands increase their war budgets Turkey has decreased its appropriation for national defence from Lt.64,004,925 in 1926 to Lt.33,116,640 in 1932.

Since the celebration the nation's leaders are working on a

social evils: idolatry, intemper- leisure, money, even their dig- Turning to God in Burma ance, eating of carrion, caste- nity to provide fresh air outings prejudice, illiteracy and degra- for convalescent women. Pau-Chin-Hau is the leader of dation we are proving to be a remarkable reformation in the most effectively combated by It was Tindale-Biscoe who Chin Hills of Burma. He urges the growth of a new life in our built up this mission in Srinigar. a turning away from idol worvillage young men. The out- He was a convert of D. L. ship and animal sacrifice to the ward face of some of our vil- Moody. worship of the One Creator of lages has been no less than heaven and earth. He has detransformed by the combined New Book Depot vised a script by which any Chin efforts of the Evangelistic Cam- may master the art of reading paign of Witness and these Every section of missionary in fifteen days. Four of his fol- Young Men's Summer Schools. activity in the Hyderabad Prov- lowers traveled 800 miles with ince of India is cooperating in the Sermon on the Mount in -Dnyanodaya. the Christian Book Depot at Se- order to ask the Bible Society to cunderabad, a new literary ef- print it for them. This reformer Harijans Gain Confidence fort to promote the education and his people have expressed and Christian character of con- an earnest desire for the Bible At the conclusion of a nine- verts in the province, almost half in their language. Four hunmonths' h arij an tour, Mr. a million of whom have been dred families have burned their Gandhi is convinced that un- brought into contact with Chris- idols and are asking for Christouchability will soon be a thing tian churches through the "mass tian teachers. Fully 2,500 famiof the past. He says: movements" …. Baptists, Meth- lies are turning to the living odists and members of other God. -United Presbyterian. A most significant result of the tour bodies have shared in the labor was an awakening, on a large scale, of translation, and the Bible So- Gospel Team Discuss Guidance among the Harijans themselves. ciety is cooperating in publica- Many of them have made unsolicited tion and distribution. Arrange- A group of Burmans and statements that the position had con- ments have been just completed Karens, with four missionaries siderably advanced, and that they had for the Christian Literature So- -thirteen in all-met the first confidence that untouchability would ciety to issue in large numbers week of July in retreat to share be a thing of the past in the near pictorial leaflets telling in the and discuss their surrenders, future. If the movement goes on as simplest way the Gospel story, failures and victories. Out of at present, it must cause increasing together with books on hygiene this fellowship they reduced awakening among Harijans, and and moral conduct." their testimonies to the followwhen they fully realize how they can ing list of sins which interfered substantially help themselves,' and -The British Weekly. with God's guidance: how in many cases the law is with them, whether the higher caste Hin- Three Collections in One 1. Fear of criticism. dus like it or not Harijans would Service 2. Laziness. make good their position. I would, of 3. "Ar-na-de" being backward to tell course, hope that these Hindus will In the Godavery region of the realize the wickedness of untouch- Medak Methodist Mission a the unpleasant truth. ability as it is practiced today and get memorable service was held a 4. Disobeying or failing to carry out rid of it themselves, rather than that few months ago. Those present t~ey should be compelled to do so by walked through drenching rain, guidance. CIrcumstances beyond their control. many a great distance, but the 5. Craving recognition or praise. Whatever happens, untouchability room was filled. During the one 6. Not giving full credit to others. cannot survive for many years. service, there were three collec- 7. Unwillingness to "check" others. tions, the amount increasing 8. Checking unguidedly. Character Building with each collection. There was 9. Unwillingness to be checked. first the usual Sunday morning 10. Pride, intellectual, spiritual, etc. Character is being made out collection, followed by the thank- 11. Moods; discouragement. of the most unpromising mate- offering for special blessings 12. Doubts. rial at the High School for Boys received. One man's younger 13. Spiritual numbness, paralysis. of the Church Missionary So- brother had been sick and God 14. Fear of ridicule. ciety at Srinagar, Kashmir. had miraculously restored him; 15. Fear of making light of holy About forty years ago the school so Rs. 5 were put in the plate. was disturbed by a woman's Another had an addition to his things. cries just below the window. family, and there was an offer- 16. Not facing reality, fear to face all The boys looking out saw a ing for that. The third collecyouth, wearing heavy clogs, tion was given by the wives of the facts. kicking a woman who had fallen the evangelists and represented 17. Dishonesty, exaggeration. to the ground. "Oh," said the what they had gathered in many 18. Resentments, hurt feelings. schoolboys, "it is nothing. It is ways for the work of helping 19. Lack of love. only Ram Chan kicking his their sisters.-Dnyanodaya. 20. Impurity, thought or deed. mother." Now the sons and 21. Selfishness. grandsons of that group are con- 22. Independence, rebel complex. tinually on the lookout to help 23. Not praying enough for others. women in trouble. These Kash- 24. Getting unsurrendered; failure to miri boys will give up their find unsurrendered areas.

Burman Official a Christian U Ba Htin, Deputy Commis- sioner of Moulmein, is a Burman

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

Christian who is holding an in- that the home itself is the great- permitted to lead meetings with- creasingly important place in est teaching agency. If children in the bounds of the Presbytery. the new Burma. He is known are to learn the principles of the 16. Unless approved by the session of throughout the province as a Christian home, those principles the church no one shall take the Burman official who cannot be must dominate the home itself; liberty of inviting anyone to hold revival services.

bribed. After graduating from of these the following were em- a Mission School he entered gov- phasized, freedom, self-reliance Tent Evangelism in Hopei ernment service, and now as and fellowship for parents and The H waili field is so large- Deputy Commissioner he has an children alike. As a means of 7,000 square miles, with an apoffice of much authority and proximate population of 1,750,- prestige. He is a member of the educating parents in their re- OOO-t hat the wisest policy Moulmein Baptist Church and sponsibilities the use of tests for seemed the formation of Chris- parents is proposed-tests de- tian groups to evangelize outlyteaches a Bible Class in the Mor- signed to measure parents in ing districts from their own ton Lane Girls' School. He is matters of knowledge, attitudes center. With this in view, a and behavior, and are valuable proud of being a Christian, and in awakening interest. Social tent band settles for a month or wants everyone to know that he hygiene, on a Scriptural basis, so in a place, seeks to form a stands for righteousness. group of active Christians, and is also being stressed. -Burma News.

then moves on to repeat the CHINA Rules for Church Practice process elsewhere. It is hoped Mission Service in Favor The Inchowfu Local Council that the groups thus won will, and Shantung Presbyterian Mis- on their own initiative, con- The Chinese Recorder reports sion Committee last year apthat Mission Schools almost proved the following corrections tinue to witness for Christ when without exception have largely in church practice: the evangelists are busy elseincreased enrollments. In spite of quite frequent unsatisfactory 1. Those who have already been bap- where. This work is in its inequipment they are trying to tized should not be rebaptized or fancy and every effort is made keep their standards up to those immersed. to be systematic and thorough. Except in special circumstances 2. Except with members of the same the tent band stays in one place of government schools. Their family there should be a clear a whole month. The evangelists students are assuming more and separation of the sexes and be- have sometimes wished to leave more responsibilities. Twenty- coming behavior between them. after a week or two because 3. There should be no fasting withfive per cent of the boys are there were no results, but on be- out good reason.

Christians as over against the 4. Only those who have been or- ing encouraged to stay, have one-tenth of several years ago. Of the 162 students in Man- dained are permitted to exercise found the tide turn in the third churia Christian College 112 the laying on of hands or to give or fourth week. Too long a stay baptism. is equally unwise, as there is 5. It is forbidden to use the name of are Christians of whom fifty- Jesus to perform acts of witch- danger of drifting, with no defitwo have been baptized. The craft. nite accomplishment. school at Changchun is filled to 6. There should not be unmeaning capacity-480 on the roll. ejaculations of praise. -China's Millions. 7. Except in private prayer, speak- In spite of increasing facili- ing in "tongues" is not per- Mateer Memorial at Tenghsien mitted. ties in government institutions 8. The name of the Holy Spirit Mateer Memorial Institute in patients continue to fill the mis- should not be used in vain. Shantung celebrated its twentision hospitals. Nurses and doc- 9. In worship everything should be eth anniversary in June. There tors are all on the job. The gov- have been nearly 350 graduates, ernment views with favor all done with proper decorum and most of whom are employed in order. work for the church, either mission activities, and would ac- 10. The form of worship should be preaching or teaching. Last cord all churches, schools and reverent, quiet and orderly, with year the school had nearly 200 hospitals special treatment. seemly behaviour, and by no means accompanied by emotion- alism and the works of the flesh.

Importance of Christian 11. New church members should not students, and its influence is in- soon be given responsibility in creasing. In recent years young Homes women have been admitted and church affairs. over 40 are in attendance. Part of a Five-Year Program of evangelism is an effort to 12. Church members should be self- -Presbyterian Advance. Christianize Chinese hom e s . controlled in all things and not The following means are used: Peiping's Four Campaigns Posters, lectures, lessons, slo- seek to imitate others. gans, songs, organizational ma- For more than twenty years terials, observance of Christian 13. None should vainly seek for Methodist churches in Peiping festivals, study classes for par- "gifts" to exalt oneself. have held special evangelistic ents and for adults in general, campaigns for non-Christians and home week. It is believed 14. In all things exalt "Jesus Christ during the Chinese New Year period. This year four cam- and Him crucified," following the Holy Spirit as Comforter, because the work of the Holy Spirit is to manifest Christ and to witness to the Lord.

15. Whoever does not follow these principles. or who teaches others not to follow them, shall not be

paigns were carried on simul- days in prison as a conscientious the Convention a coal mine in taneously. Numerically, the objector at the time of the this province has informed most important was the one at Russo-Japanese war, as well as headquarters in Tokyo that a the Pearl Market church in one of his sincere efforts to combat Temperance Society is being of the busiest spots of the city. nationalism in the recent Sino- formed.-Japan Christian Quar- Five smaller churches coop- Japanese difficulties. terly. erated. The crowds were persuaded to come in both by the -The Christian Century. For Training Christians attraction of music and by personal invitation at the door. A Presbyterian Mission The Kingdom of God Movewoman stood by the door and in- ment was one of the sponsors of vited all of the women passing Reorganization a conference for training Chrisby to come in. During the ten tian leaders held this fall in days of meeting 8,680 attended, The Presbyterian Mission held Tokyo. About 300 delegates w h i I e 500 w ere interested its annual meeting in Karni- from the eastern part of Japan enough to leave their names and zawa in July, combining the were present and, divided into addresses and twenty joined on usual business with a celebra- groups, studied the general subprobation. tion of the Mission's seventy- ject: "Points of Emphasis in fifth anniversary. A reorganiza- Christian Evangelism for Our The second campaign was at tion plan was discussed under Age." Among the findings of the Flower Market church in the the titles: evangelistic work, group was this statement: area of small shops. The lead- educational work, social work, ing spirit was Mr. Chang, con- kindergartens, YOl,lth program, As Christians we should put heavy verted at sixty and now aged student work and mission or- emphasis on, and proclaim, first, the seventy-five. The third cam- ganization. Steps were taken to central Christian truth that God is paign was at Asbury, followed transfer in the near future as Father and that all men are brothers; by meetings in homes of church many mission kindergartens as second, the principle and ideal of the members. The fourth was at a possible to the Japanese Church. co-existence and co-prosperity of manlittle church in the southwest Most significant of all was the kind everywhere. In the realm of incorner of Peiping. Mrs. Pai, appointment of a committee to ternational peace we should impress wife of the pastor, organized a confer with the Synod of the Christians with their responsibility team of volunteer workers and Church of Christ in Japan for world peace and its promotion, arranged a series of five home (Presbyterian – Reformed urge Christians to join and support meetings each afternoon. In this Church) about a fundamental existing Christian peace organizaway, 120 people were reached. integration of the work and per- tions, and under the leadership of the sonnel of the mission with the National Christian Council observe a -Christian Advocate. church. Day of Prayer for Peace.

JAPAN-CHOSEN -Presbyterian Banner. -Presbyterian Banner.

Christian Missions Conference Temperance Movement Mission Statistics for Chosen Delegates from thirty constit- Growing While it is not possible to estiuent mission bodies in Japan mate the extent and value of forand Formosa were present at The Japan Temperance eign mission work from cold the annual conference of the League held its annual three-day figures, these may give a general Federation of Christian Mis- Convention in Fukuoka, Kyushu, view of the whole work, and sions held at Karuizawa in July. last April. So encouraged were contribute to an understanding The theme of the conference this some of the Japanese leaders of the Church's growth. The year was, "The Church's Re- that they declare that Japan is Korea Mission Field reports: sponsibility to Youth." Speak- destined to lead the whole world "Twenty-five years ago there ers, both foreign and Japanese, out of the wilderness of alcohol- were 28 unordained Korean read papers dealing with Chris- ism. In the past ten years the workers reported in the Methtian work among 'teen age, number of societies affiliated odist Missions and no ordained older adolescent and young mar- with the League had grown ministers. These were all on ried people. from 219 to 3,527, an increase Mission pay; now there are 102 of over 1,500%, while members unordained workers and 22 min- Dr. Tsu demonstrated both had grown from 25,000 to isters, mostly on Korean pay. versatility and power in three 340,000. There are seventeen Then the total adherents were addresses: Jesus, the Healer of totally dry villages and 130 par- 7,871 and now there are 18,817. Bruised Men; The Work of the tially dry. The Convention had Caution must be used here. We Church in China; and China's the largest attendance on record. have no record of thousands of Political Problems, with an ap- On Sunday, when three special Christians who have gone to peal to China and Japan to solve trains brought in large delega- Manchuria and to Japan. We them in the spirit of Christ tions the attendance went over cannot reckon these as lost to without the interference of out- 3,000. Among the working the Church. The earliest figures side meddlers. Mr. Yabe told classes in Fukuoka Province, the 18 years ago tell of 181 Meththe audience of his fifty-seven temperance movement has a odist Sunday schools; for last membership of 12,300. Since year double that number are re- ported.

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

Working Program for Korean missionaries go ashore. On land have reached their majority, a Gospel service was first con- number over 3,000. The great Church ducted, followed by the medical majority of Hawaii's Koreans clinic. During the time of treat- (7,000) are American born, At a meeting of the Presby- ment, tracts and gospels were hence citizens. There are over terian Assembly's For war d given out to the eager people 50,000 Filipinos in Hawaii, Evangelistic Movement Commit- and personal exhortations were mostly young people, all of tee in Seoul, the following ac- made. If villages were not too whom are now eligible for entry tions, am 0 n g others, were far distant, the missionary force into the United States. adopted as the program for next would divide, each taking an inyear: terpreter and carrying the Story The 1930 census of Hawaii re- of the Cross." cords a total population of 368,- (1) To organize 50th Anniversary 336. Of this number, 161,708 Preaching Bands; -Philippine Evangelist. are of native-born parentage, 106,946 of foreign-born parent- (2) To encourage the formation of New Guinea Explored age, and 31,145 of mixed parent- libraries of Christian books age. According to race, there under the C. L. S. plan; . From the New Guinea field of are 50,860 Hawaiians or part the American Lutheran Church Hawaiians; 139,631 Japanese; (3) To seek to have every Christian comes a most interesting ac- 63,052 Filipinos; 27,179 Chi- family subscribe to some Chris- count of an exploration trip nese; 27,588 Portuguese; 6,671 tian magazine or paper; taken into a section of New Porto Ricans; and 6,461 Ko- Guinea lying remotely inland, reans. The balance of the (4) To refer to a committee the ques- and supposedly inhabited by populations is chiefly Caucasian, tion of translating or having numerous tribes. The adjacent although 563 Negroes are re- written, books dealing with Finschhafen Mission of the Ger- ported. present day problems and meth- man Church cooperated with the ods of developing the Church; American Lutheran C h u r c h NORTH AMERICA Mission. Three mIsSIOnaries (5) To adopt as the working slogans from each staff composed the New York's Peculiar Sects for the year: party, and 100 native carriers a. To call non-Christians to were engaged. A portion of the Church announcements in God. territory had been explored by New York's Saturday papers re- b. To call back-slidden Chris- airplane about a year ago. The veal a motley assortment of re- tians back to the Church. latest exploration establishes the ligious cults. Among those an- c. To call Christians back to fact that while portions of the nouncing Sunday services are: their homes to preach. territory are well populated, the Rishi Gherwal, master teacher problem of transportation will of Yoga; Vedanta Society, -Korea Mission Field. entail heavy expense. 0 n e S w ami Bodhananda, leader; church-the Roman Catholic- Fellowship of the Universal De- ISLANDS OF THE PACIFIC has already established a field, sign of Life; United Lodge of with an aerodrome in course of Theosophists; Order of the "The Salvation Navy" construction. During the latter Portal; the Absolute League. portion of the trip, which pene- The Spiritual Science Mother During April and May, the trated into the mountainous Church, Inc., and the Spiritual Gospel S hip Fukuin Maru, region where no white man had Science Institute, Inc., mainunder Captain Skolfield, worked traveled before, bot h native tains a daily service for "Spiramong thirty villages of Tawi- population and wild life were so itual Healing, Prayer, Mes- Tawi and Sulu, and 10,000 peo- sparse that food supplies ran sages." The latest addition to ple in the Philippines heard the very low. the list is the American Life Gospel message. The reception Guidance Association, Inc. was everywhere friendly. Sev- The expedition was rated a eral converts desire baptism, success. The need now is for Benevolence in Extremity . and this will be conferred as missionaries to begin work. The soon as a permanent worker is section explored is known as the It is of wide significance that stationed in Tawi-Tawi. Hagen Mountain District. the Boston Transcript recently carried an advertising page on As a result of these two- -Lutheran News. which forty-six benevolent and months' work, a trained Chris- charitable organizations made tian Moro, Mr. Jack Savandal, Hawaii's Population an earnest plea for aid. All over graduate of Silliman Institute, the country organizations repwill be permanently stationed at More than half of Hawaii's resenting helpful ministries are Bungao. total Japanese popUlation are in extreme need. Income from now American citizens (75,000), invested funds and annual sub- Rev. E. F. Gulbranson tells of whose voting strength is in- scriptions has been greatly rethis cruise of the "Salvation creasing at the rate of nearly duced. Unemployment, result- Navy," as he calls it. "During 1,000 per year. American citi- ing in the urgent needs and the month of active work, the zens of Chinese ancestry, who doctor, dentist and nurse were able to administer and treat over 2,000 cases. Many came to the boat for treatment. The order of the day was as follows: awake from sound sleep, have private devotion, then breakfast, followed by a ship service of Bible exposition and prayer. Then doctor, dentist, nurse and

pleas of countless people, has ranged when the contribution of of their poverty, the Indians made a tremendous appeal to Italians to the economic, civic give more, proportionately, than the charitably inclined, with the and cultural life of America the white field of South Dakota. net result that philanthropic or- will be noted. ganizations are in dire straits. -The Living Church. Many have bee n built up There are 350 evangelical through long years by prayer churches and missions for Ital- MISCELLANEOUS and self-sacrifice; many are ians in this country, with a well housed and equipped. The membership of over 27,000. In Inter-Visitation in Far East plea is for continued interest in the more than forty years' histhese stabilizing factors of civi- tory of this movement there has Eastern Stu den t Christian lization. never been held a national and Movements are setting up plans interdenominational conference for inter-visitation which will Toward Methodist Union of its influential leadership. It greatly strengthen their nation- is hoped that a thorough-going al work and lead to much more The year 1944, hundredth an- survey will discover ways of intensive collaboration between niversary of the Methodist more effective inter-church co- them. The Indian Movement cleavage over slavery, has been operation. hopes to send a delegation to the set as the time when it is hoped Java Movement in the autumn there may be completed a union -Christian Intelligencer. of this year. The Chinese Moveof the three leading bodies of ment invited the Indian Move- Methodism in the United States: Orientals in Utah ment to send over a group of the Methodist Episcopal Church, students and student leaders the Methodist Episcopal Church, Rev. Sho Kichi Rata is pastor some time in 1934 for a period South, and the Methodist Prot- of a Congregational church for of three months "to expound the estant Church. The reunion of Orientals in Salt Lake City. Christian message from an Inthese bodies would create a de- This church owns a beautiful dian viewpoint, to interpret nomination with close to 7,500,- building, a parsonage and dor- Gandhi and the Indian National 000 communicants. Bishop Ed- mitory for students. The pastor Movement and to help in dewin H. Hughes is chairman of writes, in the Missionary Her- veloping an international mind the committee of fifteen charged ald: and a Federation consciousness with drafting a unification plan. among Chinese students." The The Japanese population in Salt Japanese and Chinese Move- -Presbyterian Banner. Lake City is declining rapidly. Dur- ments are discussing various ing the last two years our church has projects of visitation. At the Baptist Home Missions lost ten families through removal. same time preparations are be- ing made for a visit of a Negro The American Baptist Home Our Sunday school is international. delegation from the S. C. M. in Mission Society reports that Soon after I came here I noticed a the U. S. A. to India. only one Christian center has Chinese girl in the school. It seems had to close its doors this year that she had tried at first to make -Far Horizons. for lack of funds, although cur- friends among her own people, but tailment has been necessary. found them to be beneath the plane Stewardship Around the World This ability to adequately meet to which she was accustomed. Then existing conditions has been she turned to her American school- Since the World Stewardship largely due to the interest and mates in high school, but soon became Convention in Edinburgh in financial aid of communities in conscious of their prejudice. Finally 1931, Christian Stewardship is which these Christian centers she turned to us, and has found real circling the globe. Anglican, are placed. Loyalty of foreign- friends. She has been a faithful at- Methodist and Presbyterian comspeaking pastors has won large tendant at our Sunday school, and last munions in England have built numbers. Also the missionary Easter joined our church. Lately her up an organization and distribservice among Indians has had two brothers have been coming too. uted literature. A Scotch assoencouraging response. There We also have some American boys ciation is being formed. One of have been large ingatherings on and a Greek girl among our Sunday the eight points emphasized in the California, Nevada, Crow, school pupils. the Five Year Movement of the Navajo and Western Oklahoma Church of Christ in China is fields. Three hundred baptisms Indians Exceed Whites in Christian stewardship. "We are reported. need, above all, to understand Gifts that, if we want Christianity to Italian Evangelicals Convene really prosper in China, we must A convocation of the Niobrara be willing to accept the heavy A national Italian Evangelical deanery of Sioux Indians was load involved in becoming inde- Conference convenes in New held at Greenwood, S. D., Au- pendent, self-governing and self- York City November 1-2. Morn- gust 19 and 20. An important supporting," read the commiting and afternoon sessions will feature was the offering for tee's report. be devoted to discussions; on general missions. While South November 1 a dinner will be ar- Dakota is the darkest point in Stewardship was given a the stricken drought region and prominent place at the General the Sioux Indian reservations Assembly of the United Church are literally burned up, the of- fering was one-third larger than last year. Over $4,100 was given by these poverty stricken Indians; $1,000 of it came from the Indian young people. Out OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK 541 of Northern India. An entire day schools, as well as Boy Scout New Books evening was devoted to the sub- troops and other organizations, ject with two leading professors are collected for her. HI am The Kingdom Comes-A Story of as the speakers. Similar reports almost in the junk business," Friendly Service at Home and come from Korea, the Philip- smiled Mrs. Love. "I will wel- Ab!oad. 1933-4. 46 pp. American pines and the Near East. come old aluminum, lead pipe, FrIends Board of Missions. Rich- iron, brass, copper, empty tooth- mond, Ind. -United Church Record. paste tubes – in fact, any old junk that I can sell." In Season a~d Out of Season-Report Roman Oatholicism Grows of the Chma Inland Mission. 1934. -Without the Camp. 50 pp. London and Philadelphia. Dawn gives the world membership of the Church of Rome as On the Side of Temperance A Short History of Religions. E. E. 297,762,524, as against 132,969,- Kellett. 58. Gollancz. London. 616 of the Protestant churches, Dr. W. J. Mayo, of the famous and 127,295,825 of the Eastern Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn., Life of William Carey. Pearce Car- Church. Thirty years ago the writes to young doctors, in the ey. 68. Carey Press. London. Roman priests throughout the Staff Bulletin: "As doctors we world numbered 230,000; today must begin to think of promot- An African People in the Twentieth there are (Universe, November ing the cause of temperance. Century. L. P. Mair. 300 pp. 128. 11, 1932) 321,000 priests. Ac- How often do we hear, when we 6d. Geo. Routledge & Sons. London. cording to Universe (December are speaking of a certain man, 30, 1932), "It is probably a fact 'A very bright man- but he An African Sl?eaks for His People. that the church has made more drinks.' Of my classmates in Parmenas GIthendu Mockerie. 38. material progress in G rea t college, as far as I know, none 6d. Hogarth Press. London. Britain in this year of economic of those who drank steadily is catastrophies than in any year now living, and of those who The Bible in China. Marshall Bromsince the Reformation." The 600 were addicts even to a mild de- hall. 190 pp. 28. 6d. C. I. M. Roman Catholic priests in Eng- gree, from the time the addiction London. land of 50 or 60 years ago, have became manifest, non e proincreased (Universe, November gressed or maintained his posi- Extre!Ues Meet; Some Facts About 1, 1933) to 4,818. On an aver- tion. One of the greatest sur- I~dla's Women. Lilian A. Underage one Roman Catholic church geons in the world, talking to hIll. 31 pp. 6d. Highway Press. is being built every week in Eng- me, said that he had never London. land, while converts and monas- known a surgeon of the first teries are springing up all over rank who was in the habit of Forty Missionary Stodes. Margaret the land. The Roman Catholic using alcohol." W. Eggleston. 161 pp. $1.50. popUlation is increasing by about Harpers. New York. 12,000 annually. Some Results of Leprosy . From the same source, it ap- Treatment Japa~ Christian Year Book-1934. pears that in the United States EdIted by Roy Smith. Yen 2.50. the Vatican has 12,537 churches, A summary compiled from re- 401 pp. Kyo Bun Kwan. Tokyo. 5,723 missions, and a clergy turns received from 53 different numbering 29,782, including 16 stations in India, China, Korea The Katha Upanisad-An Introducarchbishops and cardinals. Their and Africa where work is main- tory Study in the Hindu Doctrine of 7,462 parochial schools enroll tained by the Mission to Lepers, God.. 242 pp. $5.00. Oxford Uni- 2,170,102 pupils, while their 1,- indicates the gratifying results verSIty Press. New York. 998 institutions for higher learn- of special treatment given during enroll 179,345 students. ing the year. Kingdom Come. Hugh Redwood. 127 pp. $1.00. Revell. New York. Tin-Foil Missionary Patients under treatment for not less than three months.. 8,812 The Land and Life of India. Mar- The "Tin-foil Lady," Mrs. garet Read. 28. 144 pp. Edin- Robert Love, of 138 G r 0 v e Number of above who greatly burgh House Press. London. Street, Plainfield, New Jersey, improved …………….. 2,998 has gathered and sold for the Memories of Four Score Years-An benefit of the Mission to Lepers Number slightly improved … 2,273 Autobiography. Samuel Hall Chesthe remarkable total of 21,371 Cases arrested without deform- ter. Presbyterian Committee on pounds of tin-foil during the Publication. Richmond, Va. past nine yea r s. This has ity, i. e., symptom free ….. 1,058 amounted to more than $600. Cases arrested with deformity 345 Reminiscences of Livingstonia. Rob- Mrs. Love has tin-foil sent to her ert Laws. 270 pp. 68. Oliver & from Maine to California. One Of the remaining cases, some Boyd. Edinburgh. lot came from Panama and an- became worse, or stationary, and other from England. In Plain- a considerable number left or The Story of American Dissent. field, many day schools and Sun- died. Six hundred and fifty-three John M. Mecklin. 381 pp. $3.50. of the cases arrested without de- Harcourt, Brace & Co. New York. formity were discharged, and 79 of those arrested with deformity. Sally J o. Zenobia Bird. 216 pp. More than 5,700 Lepers were $1.50. Revell. New York. treated as out-patients. .v The Omi ~rotherhood in Nippon. W. -Without the Camp. M. ones. Illus. 181 pp. $1.00. OmI-Hachiman. Japan.

History of Korea Mission of the Presbyterian Church in the U. S. A. Illus. $2.00. Mission Press. Chosen.

The New Church and the New Ger- . many: A Study of Church and State. Charles S. Macfarland. 210 pp. $2.25. Macmillan. London and New York.

Japan. F. C. Jones. Modern States Series, No. 1. Maps. 136 pp. 38. 6d. Arrowsmith. London.

Japan-Whither? James A. B. Scher- er. 145 pp. Yen 1. Hokuseido Press. Tokyo.

(Concluded on page 544.)

~' i~

Our Missionary Bookshelf Books Briefly Reviewed for the Readers' Information ~,==========~,~ The African .Today. By D. Wester- table of contents, but with a tion of the seminary to its mann. 12mo. 343 pp. $3.00. Ox- good index its value would be in- larger constituency. Volume IV ford University Press. New York. 1934. creased. contains the detailed data on the basis of which the conclusions of Professor Westermann is editor of a quarterly journal, The Education of American Min- the preceding volumes are based. isters. A Study by the Conference In Volume I Dr. William Africa, published by the Inter- of Theological Seminaries in the national Institute of African United States and Canada and the Adams Brown summarizes the Languages and Cultures. He Institute of Social and Religious Re- material assembled and presents search. Four volumes, $3.50 each an interpretation along the folhas written books on African or $12.00 a set. Published by the lowing lines. "The status of the language studies and on the Institute. New York. 1934. minister in American Protes- Shilluk people of the Egyptian This is a comprehensive study tantism"; "Where the Protes- Sudan. In this present volume of the education of Protestant tant minister receives his prohe gives a masterly general ministers in America on the fessional education"; "The eduview of the Africans and some basis of the best information cation that is given today" and of the ,problems connected with that could be secured. The Con- "The education needed for totheir progress. It is introduc- ference of Theological Semina- morrow." tory to a series of monographs ries represents sixty-nine of the Different phases of ministerial on special tribes and sociological I e a din g institutions in the education are brought to view. studies. Dr. Westermann is a United States and Canada. The This rather s tar t lin g fact remarkable linguist, who went details involved in such an ex- emerges that in seventeen of the to West Africa as a missionary tensive work were distributed largest white Protestant denomand later became professor at by the Institute among six com- inations, only three-fifths of the Berlin University. He studied mittees. Dr. Mark A. May, pro- ministers have received college African languages to discover fessor of Educational Psychol- and seminary training. By the the key to the inmost thoughts ogy at Yale University, was side of this another important of the people, and some results chosen as Director and Dr. Wil- consideration is to be addedof his investigations are set liam Adams Brown of the Union the incapacity of the Protestant forth in this volume-studies on Theological S em ina r y, New Church as a whole to support a African civilization, social ideas, York, consented to serve as theo- trained ministry. One large deracial differences, mental char- logical consultant. A small group nomination reports over sixty acteristics, economic life, family of specialists in theology and per cent of its vacant churches life, their governments and their general education in the United as enrolling fewer than fifty conception of the supernatural. States and Canada were ap- members. Attention is called to The concluding four chapters pointed as advisers. the large number of theological relate particularly to modern This study, under this leader- schools – some two hundred of education and Christian mis- ship and with the cooperation of them-which graduate a smaller sions. There are many helpful some sixty seminaries, begun number of students than the discussions on such subjects as five years ago, is now published seventy-six medical schools of the relation of Christian thought in these four good-sized vol- our country. One problem after and life to the purchase of umes. The second volume (which another is reviewed, for exwives, to polygamy, taboo, in- logically comes first) takes up ample, scholarship aid, what itiation ceremonies, missionary "the profession of the ministry" the curriculum should include, education, race relations, mis- as it relates to the minister him- how much time should be given sions and governments. The self, his education, his denomina- to field work, etc., etc. How- whole volume is exceedingly tion, his work and the bearing-Df ever, the work of a missionary valuable to missionaries, gov- training upon success. Volume and the specialized training he ernment officials and others who III surveys the theological sem- needs is not taken into account, work among the Africans. The inary as a professional school, except by reference to courses of author is well informed, sane seminary teachers and teaching mission study in different insti- and sympathetic in his observa- methods, the student body, the tutions. tions on missionaries and their seminary as the center of corpo- Evidently theological semina~ work. There is an analytical rate religious life and the rela- ries, as shown by this extensive [542]

OUR MISSIONARY BOOKSHELF

study, are taking more seriously goals. In other words, if he is and a– typical Scotch Christian their task of training the future to be a parish minister, his edu- workingman of the best type. leaders of the Church, and the cation will be carried forward His son began as a boy to earn under the pressure of parochial his own living as a railway churches themselves are de- pragmatism. The emphasis in porter, playing a flute and read- manding a ministry more thor- study is placed here, not so much ing Virgil to brighten life. He oughly trained and more compe- on the Bible and the divine au- once told a story of these early tent to deal with problems of the thoritative final message which days: new day. Changes in the right the minister derives from this direction are taking place with "infallible" source of faith and Our stationmaster, Mr. Blacklock, rapidity. Since Dr. Brown pre- life, but upon human conditions who had been a signalman somewhere pared his statement regarding as necessary and fruitful re- before that, was a reserved, thought- search subjects. The older dis- ful-looking man. He didn't encourage the constitutional requirements ciplines which assume a God- the other lad and me to come into his of the Presbyterian Church, given revelation and seek to office in the long times that came be- U. S. A., as to ministerial candi- make ministers mighty in the tween some trains. So we kept out. dates and the possibility of lax- Scriptures, specialists in Chris- We only knew he was writing some- ity on the part of tender-hearted tian doctrine and able to present thing-sheets and sheets-whatever it Presbyteries, a stricter regime a message with a "Thus saith was. But I broke through his guard has been inaugurated whereby the Lord" are to be more or less one day when he went up the line, and eclipsed by the practical and couldn't be back for some hours. In a requirements for licensure and more popular disciplines. The drawer I found those "sheets and ordination are not to be set study of Hebrew is thrown into sheets" and a letter lying. The letter aside. the discard and by the same was froml John Stuart Blackie, Pro- logic a knowledge of Greek is fessor of Greek in Edinburgh Uni- These volumes have more to not considered so essential since versity (and little did I dream that do with diagnosis than with there are many first-class com- some years later I would be one of his therapeutics, as is apt to be the mentaries at hand. This changed students). The letter said that he case with all research work. The emphasis, to a number of semi- (Blackie) was returning the MS. consensus of opinion regarding naries, particularly those be- translation of the "Clouds of Aris- any of the problems which the longing to confessional churches, tophanes," that Blacklock had sent education of ministers present will be regarded as a downward him, and that it stirred him to find a is apt to be in the way of com- movement serving to lower the man "among the din and smoke of pro p h e tic function of the railways, with a scholar's acquaint- promise and hence not satisfac- preacher and to make of the min- ance with Greek, and closing with tory to all. ister a trained nurse rather than some words of advice about publica- a doctor of divinity. tion. So there you are," added Mr. The attempt has been made by McNeill, in his retrospect," Virgil in one of the cooperating commit- This attempt to rethink the the porter's room and Aristophanes in tee to define the aim of ministe- education of ministers is much the stationmaster's office, and all the rial education in the following in line with "Re-Thinking Mis- while our novelists getting nervous terms: "To assist students in sions" and significantly enough about being criticised for absurd situ- gaining an accurate knowledge both lines of study in their em- ations declared to be utterly untrue to of (a) the nature of religion- phasis upon cooperation propose life. more specifically the Christian a kind of brain-trust to promote religion and its place in the his- a new deal. That is to say, as in At the age of 23 John McNeill tory of religion; (b) the Bible missions, so in the education of entered Edinburgh University as the supreme document of our ministers, for all the seminaries and was graduated from the di- religion; (c) the origin, historic there is proposed a Council of vinity school in Glasgow eight Ministerial Education which can years later. Immediately he development and missionary ex- represent the seminaries in help- burst on the world as one of the • pansion of the Christian move- ing to bring about the conclu- great preachers of his day. For sions stated by this comprehen- forty-seven years, as a pastor in ment," and so on. Thus consid- a dozen different charges or as ered it would seem as if the sive study. J. Ross STEVENSON. evangelist with D. L. Moody or Christian religion, like other re- alone, he preached the Gospel as ligions, is an evolution, the rec- John McNeill. By Alexander Gam- one of the most eloquent, per- .ord of man's search for God and mie. 8 vo. 277 pp. 58. Pickering suasive, faithful preachers of its highest attainment. The and Inglis. London. 1933. modern times. Looking back one Bible is considered not so much feels that the cities of New as a revelation, the Word of .A simple, ingenuous biography York and Philadelphia, at least, God, as a document, supreme of one of the most lovable and to which he gave some five years among others to be sure, in useful and fruitful preachers of of his life never adequately ap- which man's progressive striv- Christ and His Gospel of the past preciated or profited by Mc- ing may be traced. Such a con- fifty years. John McNeill was Neill's lavish outpouring of his ception of the Christian religion born in 1854 in the little Scotch life but in other places and in naturally lends itself to what Dr. Village of Houston. His father many lands he not only sowed Brown describes as a "functional was a laborer in a stone quarry the good seed of the Kingdom currlculum" whereby the stu- but reaped an abundant harvest. dent will have an orderly series of experiences arranged to The record of his life here given is in popular style and the achieve de fin i t e educational author had access to little or no

material in the way of diaries, learned, of new power to serve, an inheritance of great moral letters and notes. Perhaps in a of new sympathy and fellowship rectitude. She was the second life so open and ingenuous there that have come through suffer- of nine children, born in Devon- was little for a biographer to ing. The letters are not all di- shire, England, and was bapexplore and reveal. McNeill be- rectly related to the Dohnavur tized at the age of eleven. At 23 gan as a grand human voice for work but are beautiful spiritual she met Hudson Taylor and of- Christ and that was what he was messages that will prove a balm fered for work in China, but always, as much at the beginning to many a pain-racked body and physical weakness closed this as at the end, as much at the end will calm and cheer many a door. Nine years later, she volas at the beginning. What he troubled soul. unteered again, but once more might have been and done, if he her health forbade. She then had spent his life in one or two The Romance of Labrador. By Sir accepted a commission to con- Wilfred Grenfell. Illus. 8 vo. 329 duct a home in Tottenham for long pastorates in Edinburgh pp. $4.00. Macmillan Co., New missionaries' children. Step by and London, one can only spec- York. 1934. step, as her life work, she was ulate. He did his best to follow led to take charge of a home in the Will of God. One would scarcely expect to London for women candidates find much romance in the rugged, of the C. I. M. Some years later ROBERT E. SPEER. icebound, impoverished and she had the joy of visiting thinly settled promontory of the Rose from Brier. By Amy Car- Labador. But seen through the China, where she traveled for 13 . michael. 12mo. 206 pp. 3s. 6d. eyes of Dr. Grenfell, who has consecutive months, covered 6,- Society for Promoting Christian lived and labored and loved 000 miles and visited 44 mission Knowledge. London. 1933. there, it is abundantly alluring stations. The impressions she and romantic. In its bleak plains received helped to solve many Miss Carmichael is well known and rocky shores, its mountains as the founder of the Dohnavur and fjords, its coves and "tick- problems in her own work in Fellowship, t hat remarkable les,"-he sees beauty and grand- London, as she saw more clearly mission for girls and boys in eur. In its simple fisherfolk, its the kind of training needed. South India. She is the author Indians and Eskimos, he finds of some fifteen books, the best heroism, strength, self-sacrifice All through her life of 91 known of which are "Lotus and love. He sees all as a great Buds," "Things as They Are," and varied "pageant" and de- years Miss Soltau was a bearer "Raj, the Brigand Chief," and lights in the struggles of the of responsibility-the care of a "Gold Cord." past, he knows its resources and blind father, of missionaries' believes in the future of country children, the training of mis- The present volume consists and people. Other volumes by sionary candidates and finally of thirty-four informal letters Dr. Grenfell have dealt chiefly the care of an invalid, and blind written originally to the Dohna- with his own experiences in try- sister. Until she reached the vur Fellowship Invalids' League. ing to help the fishermen of Lab- age of 85, she always felt the They are beautiful messages of need of putting another's decheer and comfort to those who suffer. Thirty-four songs are mands before her own. H. H. F.

included, each with a clear rador and New Foundland; this New Books Christian message. Miss Car- latest volume describes the land michael has herself been a great of rocks and ice; the life and (Concluded from page 541.) sufferer and writes from experi- character of the Indians and The Chinese Renai.ssance. Hu Shih. ence of roses born on briers, Eskimos, the coming of the Vi- 110 pp. $1.50. University Press. the spiritual fruits of physical kings and other explorers and Chicago. trials. "Amma," as she is lovingly called by her associates, settlers; the plant-life, the fish The Mongols of Manchuria. OweI and fowl and fourfooted beasts; Lattimore. 311 pp. $2.50. Day. can say: the Christian work of the Mo- New York. "The s h i n in g happiness, ravians and his own Labrador Mission. No Richer Heritage: The Story of through months w hen will the Church in Borneo. Ruth Hen- rich. 71 pp. 1s. S. P. C. K. and power could do nothing to con- Sir Wilfred is an authority in S. P. G. London. quer pain (and it could not be his subject and has the pen of ignored), was not natural, but a skilled writer. The illustra- Island India Goes to School. Edwin tions from 36 photographs and R. Embree, Margaret S. Simon and is one of those surprises of our 14 drawings add much to the at- W. Bryant Mumford. lIlus. 120 Heavenly Lover, who never tractiveness of the book. pp. $2.00. University Press. Chiseems to tire of giving us sur- cago. prises." – The Rise and Fulfilment of British She writes to those who suf- Henrietta Soltau. By Mildred Cable Rule in India. Edward Thompson and G. T. Garratt. 690 pp. 21's.

fer, not offering theory and and Francesca French. 240 pp. Macmillan. London. advice, but witnessing from ex- China Inland Mission. 1934. The Population Problem in India: A perience. She tells of tempta- The dignity and courage of a Census Study. P. K. Wattal. 185 tions and difficulties that come pp. Rs. 3.8. Bennett, Coleman. with pain, of vision of her Lord, life guided by faith are revealed Bombay. of new understanding of His in an interesting and inspiring own suffering, of new lessons way in this biographical sketch. Egypt Since Cromer. Vol. II. Lord Henrietta Soltau was born with Lloyd. Maps. 418 pp. 21s. Mac- millan. London

Items

(Concluded from second cover.) ~bt 1Stng'~ .u~tnt~~ Miss Michi Kawai, Japan's most noted woman educator, is in America published by speaking at a series of missionary conferences, under the auspices of the BIBLE INSTITUTE OF LOS ANGELES Committee on Women's Work of the Foreign Missions Conference of A monthly Bible Family Magazine with something in it North America and the Central Com- for every member of the family circle mittee on the United Study of For- eign Missions. Miss Kawai is the I SSUED for twenty-five years without interruption. THE KING'S BUSI- NESS has consistently represented the best thought of the fundaauthor of the mission study book, mental Christian churches of the nation. In addition to its interesting contributions by leading teachers, evangelists and pastors, "Japanese Women Speak." it prints every month several valuable departments, including: An ••• International Lesson Commentary, Notes on Christian Endeavor, Daily Dr. and Mrs. W. A. Stanton are re- Devotional Readings, Girls' Query Corner, Junior King's Business, and Helps for Preachers and Teachers. Trial subscriptions (3 months) 25c; tiring after forty years of service as Annual subscriptions $1.50. The following premiums are at present available free with annual subscriptions: a teacher's Bible, a copy of Baptist missionaries in Kurnool, Jamison's Bible Chart, or a copy of Objects that Talk and Teach, con- taining 52 new and interesting object lessons. The supply of each of South India. When they went to Kur- these premiums is limited, so order at once. nool in 1893, there was only a little handful of Christians. Now there are 150 workers and 6,000 Christians in fifteen strong self-supporting churches, each with a substantial stone house of worship. ••• Mrs. Nobu Jo, noted social worker Address: of Kobe, Japan, has received a government gift of 1800 yen to be used on Wbt iting'~ Jjusint~s her new kindergarten building in Harada-mura. Already the new kin- 558 South Hope Street Los Angeles, California dergarten has been dedicated, and 125 children are cared for and taught Alaska. Some years ago this fine among Belgian soldiers furloughed in every day, practically all of them be- Christian boy, with leadership pos- London, and after the war its activing sent by parents who are forced to sibilities, was recommended for train- ities were transferred to Belgium, go to work and leave their children ing at the Sheldon Jackson School, where the Nortons were cordially welwithout care. Sitka. While there he decided to be- comed by the late King Albert and his come a minister to his people. Queen. Mrs. Edith Fox Norton, who ••• survives and will continue the mission *•• work, was decorated by the Queen of Percy Ipalook, an Eskimo from Belgium with the Order of Elizabeth. Barrow, Alaska, has been appointed missionary in charge of the Presbyte- Dr. Chauncey* F.* B*rown, a Presbyrian church at Cape Prince of Wales, terian missionary, in Hengchow, If you use Miss Helen Topping, Secretary to China, died September 25th. A native Toyohiko Kagawa for the past seven of St. Paul, Minnesota, Dr. Brown PRINTING years, will spend a year in America was graduated from the Cornell Uni- interpreting his leadership. She is versity Medical College and went into YOU will profit from an ac- also preparing articles explaining Dr. missionary work in China, in 1921. quaintanceship with us. We Kagawa's Christian Social Program. do the job complete in our own *•* plant, whether it be large or ••• small. Dr. L. K. Williams, pastor of a Rev. Stephen L. Desha, pastor for 45 years of the Haili Congregational While our specialty is Books, Negro church in Chicago that is rated Church in Hawaii, died in July, great- Maglltines and Pamphlets, yet ly honored by all races in Hawaii. we have a variety of modern as the largest Baptist church in the equipment to meet all the re- world, has been chosen one of the vice- *** quirements of your particular job. You will find our service presidents of the Baptist World Al- Mrs. Ursula Clarke Marsh, one of prompt, careful and courteous. the oldest missionaries of the Ameri- liance. ••* can Board, died in Claremont, Calif., Will you allow us to estimate August 20th. She lived through sev- on your next printing 1 We be- Charles W. Osborne, treasurer of eral Balkan wars, and had been a lieve vou will be delighted with the Board of Domestic Missions, Re- refugee. Upon her marriage to Rev. our product, price and service. formed church in America, has passed George D. Marsh, her activities were his 95th birthday and is still a regular transferred from the A. B. C. F. M. The EVANGELICAL PRESS attendant of the meetings of the at Brousa, Asia Minor, to European Board and Executive Committee. Turkey, and later to Bulgaria. Print.,.. of The Missionary Review of the World Obituary Notes Mrs. George*J. *Be*ck, wife of the PLANT AND MAIN OFFICE Ralph C. Norton, founder and di- Presbyterian pastor at Ketchikan, Third and Reily SIr••1s Harrisburg. Pa. rector of the Belgian Gospel Mission, Alaska, died August 15th. For over died in Brussels, Belgium, on October forty years of almost unbroken min- 1st, after undergoing an operation. istry, Mrs. Beck served in Alaska. Both Mr. and Mrs. Beck served as Mr. Norton was 65 years of age and teacher and preacher in various vil- was widely known in evangelistic lages of Alaska. As teacher, doctor, work. He attended the Moody Bible nurse, advisor to women and men Institute, and for several years was alike, Mrs. Beck was an invaluable associated with the Chapman-Alex- aid in her husband's ministry. ander and Torrey-Alexander evangel- istic campaigns around the world.

The Belgian Gospel Mission, a Prot- estant undertaking, was started BY USE OF THE GOSPEL IN PRINT The Good News of Christ, interpreted to Moslems through the Christian life and literature, is winning a hearing for the Gospel in many lands.

Will you help to supply this needed Christian literature for millions who have never heard the Gospel in Egypt Syria Irak China Palestine Persia Morocco Turkey India Java Algiers Arabia Malaysia Sumatra Tunis South Africa Send your help to the missionaries in these countries through The American Christian Literature Society For Moslems Cooperating with Interdenominational Committees on the Reid.

BOARD OF MANAGERS William I. Chamberlain, Ph.D., President Delavan L. Pierson, Dr. Robert E. Speer, of New York, Vice-Presidents Mrs. William Bancroft Hill, Honorary Vice-President Dr. James Cantine, Corresponding Secretary Rev. S. M. Zwemer, D.D., General Secretary Miss May S. Blanvelt Dr. John H. Raven Rev. Robert W. Searle, D.D. Mrs. Finley J. Shepard Rev. Thomas S. Donohugh Arthur Y. Meeker Rev. A. C. Snead Rev. Mills J. Taylor, D.D. Mrs. J. M. Montgomery John W. Wood, D.C.L.

Gifts may be sent to Mrs. E. E. OleoH, Treasurer, dt 129 East 69th St., New York City Apply for information to THE SECRETARY, 25 East 22nd Street, New York City Order Our Special Mission Study Numbers FA CTS-ILLUSTRA TIONS-STA TISTICS-STORIES June, 1934 October, 1934 ORIENTALS IN AMERICA JAPAN NUMBER Who Are the Orientals …….. Albert W. Palmer Japan, a Problem or Challenge . .Chas. W. Igleha·rt Oriental Students . . . . . . . . . . . . Charles D. Hurrey Japanese Views of Missions ….. . E. C. Hennigar Is America Christian? …….. . Arthur D. Young Influence of Christ in Japan …. .S. H. Wainright How Orientals Worship ….. .Florence Evemeyer Japanese Christian Leaders ……. .H. W. Myers In Christ No East or West ….. .Allan A. Hunter The Unfinished Task …….. Gordon K. Chapman Interracial Understanding .. , . Charles R. Shepard The Youth of Japan ………….. Willis Lamott A New Deal for Orientals ……… .Pardee Lowe Facing the Crisis . . . . . . . . . . . . . Toyohiko Kagawa Gei Chuck-Chinese Cook …….. Philip F. Payne Kingdom of God Movement ….. William Axling Opportunity in America …….. Virginia Kadoike Value of Christian Education …….. L. 1. Shafer Second Generation Japanese …. .Frank H. Smith Effects of O'verlapping ………. William Vories East Indians in U. S. A……… Theo. Fieldbrave Present-Day Religion in Japan . . A. K. Reischauer Filipinos in America …………. .Jose G. Deseo Twenty-five Books on Japan …. Willis G. Hoekje SEND YOUR ORDERS NOW-HELP TO INTEREST OTHERS 25 Cents a Copy-$2.50 a Year-$20.00 a Hundred THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD Third and Reily Streets, Harrisburg, Pa.

The Missionary Review of the World — September 1931

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CANADIAN OBITUARY PACIFIC •••••••• TO TIlE BISHOP WILLIAM BENJAMIN BEAU- World'. OG…..R… T.i…£…. n.,….r.. CHAMP, president of the Board of Missions and Superintendent of the Tenth Episcopal District of the Methodist Episcopal Church, South, died June 28th.

Please mention THE MISSIONARY REV'IEW OF THE WORLD in writing to advertisers. MISSIONARY PERSONALS REVIEW OF THE WORLD DR. TOYOHIKO KAGAWA of Japan is in America and his engagements are as fol- DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Editor lows: From July 27th to August 9th he was attending Y. M. C. A. conferences in CONTENTS-September, 1931 Toronto and Cleveland. August 10th-12th he was in Chicago, Ill., at the Divinity SPECIAL HOME MISSION NUMBER School, University of Chicago; Septem- ber 1st-7th he is booked for the Earl Page Lectures, Pacific School of Religion, MAP-FRONTISPIECE …….•……. Berkeley, California; September 8th- 12th he will be at Oakland, Calif., at "'VHERE THE UNCHURCHED A1IER]~ Mills College, and September 16th-20th CANS LIVE,l' in Portland, Ore., at Reed College. On September 26th-28th he goes to Oberlin, RELIGION IN AMERICA – WHITHER? Ohio, to give three lectures in the Grad- uate School of Theology and October Sth- ••……..••••• HU(}H rTnOhlAS KERR 645 10th he is to give the Shaffer Lectures at the Yale Divinity School. Then, Oc- HOW A CITY WAS EVANGELIZED …. tober 14th-16th, he returns to Toronto, •••••••••••• SAMUEf. SHOEMAKER, JR. 651 Canada, to lecture under the joint aus- pices of School of Missions and Foreigu EVANGELIZING YOUNG MEN OF DUB- Mission Boards. LIN ••••••…••.• REGINAI,D WALLIS 657 *** THE CHALLENGE OF HOME MISSIONS .•••••..•……… E. D. KOHLSTEDT 661 PROFESSOR W. C. WILLOUGHBY of the Kennedy School of Missions, Hartford, WHERE ARE THE UNCHURCHED Connecticut, has retired from work in the AMERICANS? ……………… . school and returned to England with ……•••.••. E],]ZAnETH R. HOOKER 667 Mrs. Willoughby. He has rendered a distinguished service to Africa and to UNSOLVED PROBLEMS IN HOME MIS- the missionary enterprise during his SIONS …•. , .• HERMANN N. MORSE 673 twelve years as Professor of Missions in Africa. The Trustees of the Foundation HAS THE DAY OF THE COUNTRY granted him the degree of S.T.D., and CHURCH GONE? •.• MALCOLM DANA 679 made him professor emeritus.

CAN AMERICA ENDURE WITHOUT RE- LIGION? …..•••. JOHN McDow",,!, 6R4 AMERICA AS SEEN BY AN ORIENTAL ••..•…••..••.•••…••. PAUl, AUH 687 METHODS F'OR WORKERS ………. . PROFESSOR ANDREW F. HENSEY, who …………… MRs. F. 1. JOHNSON 690 has recently returned from the Belgian Congo, has taken up the work of Prof. WOMAN'S HOME AND FOREIGN BUL- Willoughby in the Kennedy School of LETIN . . . . . . . . • . EDITED BY HELEN Missions. He was formerly a member M. BRICKMAN AND Fr,oRENCE TYLER 692 of faculty of the College of Missions in Indianapolis and is a member of the WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK •••.••.••… 698 Royal Belgian Commission for the Pro- tection of Natives in the Congo. Recently BOOKS WORTH READING .•…..•..• 713 he was elected Fellow of the Royal Geo- graphic Society. TERMs'-$2.50 II year. ($2.00 In clubs of five.) Foreiga postage, 50 cents. Single copies, *** 25 cents. Published monthly. Copyrighted, 1931, by MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING COM· CARLTON M. SHERWOOD is new General PANY, INC. All rights reserved. Secretary of the International Society of Christian Endeavor, elected at the Gold- THE MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING en Jubilee Convention, San Francisco, 'in COMPANY, INc. which ten thousand young delegates par- ticipated. President Daniel A. Poling ROBlDllT E. SPEER., President called Mr. Sherwood "the field marshal WILLIAM I. CHAMBERLAIN, Vice-Pre8ldent of a new advance," for the enlarging program of this Christian youth move- DJ:LAVAN L. PIERSON, Secretary ment. Goals in evangelism, worship, W ALTIIIQ ~IcDoUGALJ., Treasurer membership, tithing, Christian citizen- Publication Omce, 3d & Reily Sts., Harrisburg, ship, church unity, and world peace form Pa. 2Gc a copy. $2.50 a year. the basis of the new program of 80,000 societies in the churches of more than Editorial and Business Omee, 1M Fifth Avenue, 80 denominations. Mr. Sherwood is a native of Buffalo, N. Yo, and became New York City president of the Christian Endeavor Union of that city at the age of eighteen. Entered as Becond~clnsB matter a.t the Post He served actively on three fronts in the . Office, Harrisburg, Pa., under Act of March World War and upon the signing of the ·S, 1879. armistice became reli~ious work director at Flag Hut, Brest, France. On returning to the United States, he was for CHARLES G. HURLBURT, of the Unevanseven years general secretary of the New gelized Africa Mission, died March 21st. York State Christian Endeavor Union. He was taken ill in French Equatorial Africa, was brought to Aba Station and *** from there to the South Congo where he died. MRS. BURL T. SCHUYLER, M.D., a medical missionary of the Presbyterian *** Church to Ambala, India, has been THE REV. JOHN HUNTER STEARNS, awarded the Kaiser-i-Hind gold medal member of the Council of the Inland in recognition of her outstanding medical South America Missionary Union, died at Torrington, Conn., in May. He was work in India, especially the leper asy- also connected with the National Bible lum in Ambala. . Institute.

*** * ** ROBERT E. LEWIS, for many years gen- THE REV. GEORGE S. MINER, D.D., reeral secretary of the Cleveland Y. M. tired missionary of the Methodist Board C. A., is sailing for China in September, who had spent 37 years in China, died where he will become personal adviser to the Chinese minister of foreign affairs, .. .. . July 3d, at Houston, Texas. Dr. C. T. Wang. Mr. Lewis served in China for years as secretary of the inter- MRS. ADAM J. MARTIN, a Presbyterian national committee of the Y. M. C. A. missionary located at Burity, Brazil, died During his secretaryship a young Chi- June 26th while on furlough to this coun- try. Mrs. Martin went to Brazil in 1918, nese returned from Yale with a Ph.D., and was engaged in educational work at the Presbyterian Mission Farm School. and entered the service of the Y. Within a few years he was general secretary for >I< .. .. China. Later, he entered government service. Today he is foreign minister. DR. RUTH PEABODY HUME, who had Thus Dr. Lewis, who retired from active served as a medical missionary in India service in the Y two years ago, goes for twenty-six years, died June 3d in New Haven. She was sixty years old, a back to China to advise the same Chinese descendant of missionaries for two genwhom he inducted into his career early erations on both sides of her family. She in the century. China will be well served was a daughter of the famous Dr. Robert by the new adviser. A. Hume and was born in Ahmednagar, India, in a house built by her grand- *** father, the Rev. Ebenezer Burgess. Dr. Hume was a graduate and representative THE REV. C. M. LACEY SITES, Meth- of Wellesley College and was director of odist missionary at Kutien, Fukien, the American Hospital for Women and Children in Ahmednagar, under the China, was captured by bandits on July American Board of Foreign Missions. 12th and released July 16th, upon representations by the U. S. Department of State.

*** DR. ARTHUR HENRY LIMOUZE, pastor COMING EVENTS of Northminster Presbyterian Church, Columbus, Ohio, has been elected to the September 9-14-NATIONAL B APT 1ST position of Secretary for Promotion of CONVENTION, Atlanta, Ga. the Presbyterian Board of National Missions, an office left vacant by the death September 16-N A T ION A L COUNCIL, of Dr. Robert S. Donaldson last Febru- PROTESTANT EPISCOPAL CHURCH, ary. Dr. Limouze takes up his new Denver, Colo. duties September first.

*** September 23-24-COMMITTEE OF REFER- ENCE AND COUNSEL, FOREIGN MIS- DR. ADELAIDE WOODARD, missionary of SIONS CONFERENCE OF NORTH AMERthe Presbyterian Church at Fatehgarh, ICA, New York, N. Y. India, has been given the Kaiser-i-Hind Gold Medal in recognition of her serv- September 28-30-INTERDENOMINATIONices. Dr. Woodard has long been on the AL MISSIONARY INSTITUTE, conducted missionary field and she is the physician by the Philadelphia Federation of in charge of the Memorial Hospital at Churches and the Women's Interde- Fatehgarh. nominational Union of Philadelphia and Vicinity, Philadelphia, Pa. OBITUARY NOTES October 6-11-INTERNATIONAL CONVEN- THE REV. JACOB L. HARTZELL, Presby- TION OF DISCIPLES OF CHRIST, Wichterian missionary from Prae, Siam, died ita, Kan. in the Presbyterian Hospital in Pittsburgh, Pa., on June 14th, while on fur- November 15 – AN INTERDENOMINAlough. Mr. Hartzell went to the field in 1912, and engaged in evangelistic work TIONAL MEETING OF MEN TO COMin Prae, Nan and Lampang. At Lam- MEMORATE THE TWENTY-FIFTH ANpang he was principal of the mission Boys' School NIVERSARY OF THE FOUNDING OF THE LAYMEN'S MISSIONARY MOVEMENT Fifth Avenue Presbyterian Church'

New York. ' ~ Old Level Are•• _ Grazing Regions _ Mountain Sections ~ Cut-over Districts ~ Dry-Farming Regions Us ed in uHi nterlana8 oj the Ohuf'ch/J by EUzGbcth R. Hooker.

SOME OF THE REGIONS WHERE THE "UNCHURCHED AMERICANS" LIVE

LIV, No.9 September

RELIGION IN AMERICA-WHITHER?

BY THE REV. HUGH THOMSON KERR, D.D., Pittsburgh, Pa.

Former Moderator of the Prcsbyteria,n Church in the U. S. A-.

PROBABLY the C h r i s t ian realm of science or industry. We Church is more vital, more have produced no great school of influential in America than in theology. Here we follow rather any other part of the world and than lead. Weare still looking yet nowhere does it so much reflect across the seas for light and leadage-old traditions and hark back ing. to ancient inheritance. The Roman Catholic Church looks across It is impossible, moreover, to the sea to Rome. The Protestant think of religion in terms of na- Episcopal Church has its eyes to- tionality. The tides of truth and wards Canterbury, and what is error wash the shores of all nations done at Lambeth finds a response and know no tariff or racial barin every American diocese. Prot- rier. The currents of religious inestantism has its roots in Germany terest and apathy sweep around and Geneva. Presbyterianism fol- the world and there is as much lows the star that arose over difference between situations in Switzerland and Scotland. In a different countries as there is bereal sense the trends of religion in tween sections within the same America were largely determined nation. What is true of religion in long ago and in other lands. America is also true in England and Australia, in China and Cana- Nevertheless North America has da. Four distinct trends in the restamped religion with her own ligious life of America may, howspirit. Its creeds and customs re- ever, be suggested. flect the interpretation of the Scriptures in other lands and other I ages but a new direction has been given to religious activities and A spirit of restlessness charac- America has discovered new appli- terizes our American religious life. cations of the everlasting Gospel. Here religion has the stamp of A recent writer has said that American efficiency, American or- there is in all our life today "a ganization, American publicity, secret and subtle sense of ill-ad- American initiative. Perhaps it justment." This sense of ill-adjustwould be within the truth to say ment is seen in the restlessness of that we have not made the exten- all classes of our social order and sive contribution to reI i g i 0 U s in the irritability which has come thought that we have made in the upon rich and poor. In the words of General Smuts "Humanity has struck its tents and is on the 645

march." We are not sure where any change will reach and remedy the we are going. Neither are we sure unrest among our ministry, unless we would know the goal if we there be a fresh recognition of certain reached it. basic facts. Ours is a ministry of holy things. There it! no place in it for a This restlessness characterizes the ministry of the Church today man who seeks merely temporal rein a marked degree. It is not nec- wards. He who desires fortune or essary to champion the cause of ease or fame should take some other long pastorates in order to find a path. But to the minister of Christ it is given to walk in the way they opened substitute for ministerial unrest who walked with Him in Galilee. To for it is quite possible to have a such a minister it is given to warn series of short pastorates and to sinners, to comfort saints, to preach the acceptable year of the Lord. There possess a quiet heart and a restful are some ancient words of our Consoul. It is not necessary either to fession of which we who bear the decry the low financial return and office of Christ's ministers need often economic pressure under which to be reminded: "The grace of faith, ministers labor for it has been whereby the elect are enabled to beproved beyond a doubt that rest- lieve to the saving of their souls, is the lessness in the ministry does not work of the Spirit of Christ in their spring from this source. A leading hearts, and is ordinarily wrought by and clear thinking Bishop of the the ministry of the Word: by which Episcopal Church stated recently also and by the administration of the Sacraments and prayer, it is increa·sed that in his diocese with 124 clergy and strengthened." This is our holy only eleven are stilI at work in work, this is our high privilege, this ministry of the Word by which faith their parishes after a period of is born and built up. If it must be twelve years. In a Presbytery of done with difficulty, we can remember 29 churches only one minister re- that He also found difficulty. If it be mains at his task after a period of poorly recompensed, neither did He ten years.

The cause of this unrest must be have at times where to lay His head.

sought ben eat h the surface. The King's Highway of the Holy Cross Thomas Carlyle said, "Blessed is is not a smooth road and easily travthe man who has found his work." eled, but it leads to an assured end. If this is true of the ordinary daily toiler, how inestimably true it is of And the further fact is that difthe minister of the Gospel. It is ficulties often fade as a man resolutely faces his task in prayer and reliance the work that rejoices the heart on the Spirit. Some of us can look and feeds the spirit and not the back and wonder why we wanted to locality where that work is done. This spirit of unrest can only be change just then. By staying on pa- tiently we won that victory for Christ. Perhaps if we keep these things in understood when we interpret the mind there will be less need for the motives which draw men into the machinery we today devise. And there will be longer pastorates that shape ministry and keep them there. At through continuous years the life of a the recent General Assembly of the community for Christ and the things Presbyterian Church in the U. S. of His Kingdom." A., after an exhaustive examina- tion of this perplexing subject, the The spirit of unrest which char- report cqncluded with these arrest- acterizes the clergy lays hold also ing words: upon the Church itself. There We do not believe that any plan or never was an age when the words

RELIGION IN AMERICA-WHITHER?

of Jesus were more needed, "Come ric or'the life of the people, should unto me and I will give you rest." reflect the thought and spirit of Church people today want to be in- that people. This has always been terested. They want to be thrilled. true. The creeds of Christendom They crave in the Church the same reflect the thinking of the age in excitement they seek out in the which they were fashioned.The- world. Young people miss some- ology has always been colored by thing. They look on as those who the light and shade of the day are spectators. If the service does when the outline was drawn. Re- not sparkle, they tire. They are ligion cannot be an affair of the onlookers. They do not participate. cloister. It belongs in the arena.

They do not seek the discipline of We cannot build "a lordly pleasure- silence but the delight that comes house, wherein at ease for aye to through surprise, the thrill of dwell." If a choice must be made music, the rhythm of words. What between a religion that is in touch is required is a true appreciation with the newspapers and one that all of what religion means and of gets its inspiration from dead lan- what worship is. Not long since guages, let us by means choose at a great and impressive religious that which is in touch with life.

gathering the audience of over It is not, however, a choice be- three thousand paused for a period tween extremes, and there is little of devotion. The service of wor- danger that we will go to the dead ship was beautifully arranged with languages for our thinking. There song and responses, Scripture and is, however, great danger in taking printed prayer, all set out in a fine our religious convictions from the order of ritual. But in every min- newspapers. A newspaper is a ute of it there was activity and business enterprise and is not an there was evidenced a spirit of re- authoritative, ethical guide. It re- pressed restlessness. At the close flects public opinion and sometimes a lovely voice began to sing the public opinion of a very low order.

words, "0 rest in the Lord. Wait Public opinion, far from being the patiently for Him." The audience voice of God, may be the echo of at first was indifferent, then ar- the mob. The message of God rested, then captured, then it sur- often comes through a voice crying rendered and was quiet and in a in the wilderness.

deep hush the music ended, "0 rest We have frequent illustrations in the Lord. . Wait patiently for of this hysteria of imitation. Eu- Him and He will give thee thy genic societies and reform organi- heart's desire." The Spirit of God zations begin a pUblicity campaign had done His work and restless- about "birth control" Qr "compan- ness, like a bird of prey, took ionate marriage" and immediately wings. Religion will do its best the Church throws upon those sub- work for America when it brings jects the spotlight of debate and quietness to the troubled souls. controversy. Pastors organize fo- H rums for discussion and Church bodies issue deliverances and when The religious life of America re- they cease to become a newspaper flects rather than directs the con- novelty then religion loses interest science of our social order. in them. In the same way we have It is inevitable that religion, had a tidal flood of sermons and which is woven into the very fab- essays reflecting the confusion in

which psychology finds itself until versatile, more vital in America the vocabulary of some preachers than it has ever been. Even stais so weighed with words and tistics are on the side of the phrases that smell of the labora- Church. Its membership keeps tory that even an educated man pace with the tremendous growth who is not a specialist is lost in the of our population. Its money infog. One who has recently gradu- creases from year to year. The ated in the new Psychology or in 232,000 churches of America com- Religious Education considers the pare favorably with the 256,000 theologically trained minister in- public school buildings and the ancapable of understanding what re- nual Church expenditure is 4070 ligion is all about. In a recent ar- as large as the expenditure of all ticle a journalist in passing judg- our public school system. Across ment upon this. craze for modern- the continent new houses of wority says, ship are being built, drawn from plans prepared by the best archi- Publicity has become such an integral part of a minister's training that tects money can secure.* recently, when the Congregationalists, Presbyterians and the Greater New Nevertheless it must be admitted York Federation of Churches passed that there is an increase in the resolutions in the latter part of the number of good people who play week asking for an investigation of fast and loose with their Church New Y.ork City, a dozen ministers obligations. The evening service in changed their sermon subjects over- many churches has been brought night to the problem of "Civic Cor- to an ignominious conclusion. In ruption." many city areas the evening serv- ices in separate churches have been A great philosopher has said, abandoned for union services and "Religion is what we do with our even these union services require solitude" and in a real sense it stimulation. The summer services may be said that religion is at its in many churches, especially in the best when it stands apart and cities, are attended by a minority alone. It looks out from a watch- and the difficulty of obtaining outtower, it proclaims a Gospel, it standing preachers dUring the heralds the corning of a King, it summer season grows year by does not reflect public opinion, it year. We must not forget, howmoulds the thought of men and na- ever, that all through the land extions. It does not rehearse what traordinary services are being held men say, it issues a mandate. It which are crowded with Church does not get its commission from people from all parts of the counindustry or economics or sociology, try. It would seem, however, to be its commission comes from the a fair judgment to say that there Risen Lord. is an increasing irregularity of Church attendance on the part of III Church people themselves. Some- one has said, "There are as many The religious life of America is people going to church today as halting between two opinions con- used to want to go." There may cerning the Christia.n Church. °If there is any doubt on the subject the This is the paradox that char- doubter is recommended to look into a little acterizes modern religion. The volume entitled "The United States Looks at Church is more vigorous, more Its Churches," by C. Luther Fry, for evidence.

be truth in this half humorous de- know, except with a few extreme peofense, for the day of hypocrisy is at ple-very few now-there is no differan end and those who go to Church ence between the Church and the now go because they want to go. world; they are all eating and drink- ing on Sunday, and the younger people Certain influences have been op- are growing up without the fear of erating in the cultivation of this God. We shall have to cease preaching irregularity. It is not possible to on many subjects which are intereststate definitely what the influence ing and profitable, and devote ourselves of the radio has been. It has, how- to the elementary facts and appeals of ever, had some influence. Any in- religion. The Puritans made huge fluence, however, which it has had mistakes for which we paid at the in decreasing church attendance Restoration, but too much has been has been more than counterbal- made of those mistakes. The idea that anced by the good that has come in all Puritans were Philistines and faintroducing religion to man y natics is a vulgar error. John Milton homes that have had no part in the seems to me quite as great a man of church life of the nation. There is letters as any of our tootling little more, however, to be said concern- poets and dirty story-tellers who are ing the secularization which has soaked in debt and drink, and Colonel taken place· in regard to the ob- Hutchinson was as fine a gentleman as servance of Sunday. There have the peers who sponged on Hooley. been increasing inroads made upon the Day of Rest and the week-end IV habit has broken up the age-old customs of home and family life to There is a trend in the religious the detriment of church attend- life of America which is supremely ance. hopeful.

These changes have been going It is the note of spiritual exon for more than a generation. pectancy which one finds on every The War accelerated them. Thirty hand. We move forward like the years ago Dr. John Watson (Ian tide. If the tide is at the ebb then Maclaren), who knew life better we can have a feeling of confidence than most men said, that it will soon turn to flood again. This has been the history I am deeply concerned every day of the Christian Church. Religion about the life of pleasure and want of has always been characterized by seriousness among the young people a forward and a backward moveof our richer classes. They are read- ment. The history of the Christian ing nothing except the worst fiction. Church has passed through rhyth- They are "'pending their whole spare mic periods of depression. The time in pleasure, which is growing present era is different from many more doubtful every day. Sundayeve- such periods in the past because of ning is given to dinners and suppers, the fact that our age is conscious and the moral tone is getting very of its need and is openly chamlow. Things come under my notice as pioning the supremacy of spiritual a minister which would give any man values. cause for serious thought. It appears to me that if society is to be saved, Certain things have contributed and if the Church in especial is to do towards this recall of the Church her proper work, there must be a re- to the supreme things of the spirit. turn to the great Puritan idea of sepa- First of all there is upon the ration from the world. So far as I Church a sense of weariness, grow-

ing out of the mechanical era what we wait for in America and through which the Church has in the mission field, is firsthand passed since the War. It has been evidence that the Gospel is still a period of organization of effi- the power of God unto salvation.

ciency, of publicity, and above all of The crux of the conflict in which the raising of quotas and budgets. religion finds itself today may In the second place the con- be told in a story. A generation sciousness of w hat President ago Charles Bradlaugh was mak- Hoover called "a subsidence in the ing an attack upon Christianity moral foundations of the nation" in England and challenged Hugh has recalled religious people to ele- Price Hughes, who was preach- mental realities. It is not possible ing the Gospel and at the same to build the Kingdom of God upon time serving as a member of the legislation, no matter how neces- British Parliament, to debate with sary and beneficial that legislation him the truth of the Christian may be. When we have abolished faith. The challenge was immedi- the liquor traffic, done away with ately accepted and accepted in racial hatred, and eliminated war, these words, "The courts, as a rule, there is something else that is in rendering their verdicts, do not needed for it' will still remain true rely solely upon the arguments of that "Out of the heart are the the attorneys on either side. They issues of life." carefully scrutinize the evidence In the third place we have had offered by those who have first- time to gain a balanced judgment hand kilOwledge of the facts. I concerning Religious Education. will bring with me to the debate Religious Education scientifically that night, as evidence of the truth interpreted and pedagogically ap- and power of the Christian faith, plied cannot direct the conscience one hundred men and women who or inspire the soul. It is still true have been saved from lives of sin that except a man or a child "be by the Gospel of Christ. They will born again he cannot see the King- give their evidence and you will dom of God." be allowed to cross-examine them.

Other influences have been at I will ask that you bring with you work and have contributed their one hundred men and women who share in driving home the truth have been similarly helped by the expressed by Canon Streeter that gospel of infidelity which you "Nothing but the sober determina- preach." The debate was aban- tion, the quickened insight and the doned. The agnostic had no evi- disinterested devotion, due to the dence. The Christian had evidence.

permeation of society by some Evidence is never on the defensive, great and creative spiritual force, it is always aggressive, and when can avail to meet the situation. the spiritual expectancy which Veni Creator Spiritus. In those characterizes the Church today who really believe in God the ur- passes from hope to reality then gency of the need begets a pre- it will be said of the critics as was sumption that it will be met." said at the beginning: What is needed today is evi- "Seeing the man that was healed dence. When evidence comes, apol- standing with them, they could say ogetics becomes unnecessary and nothing against him."

A CITY WAS

BY THE REV. SAMUEL M. SHOEMAKER, JR.

Reotor oj Oa!varll Oh,woh, New .York Oitll M OST of our religious speak- It would be so easy to take a sub- ing and writing is an ex- ject like the one suggested to me by cursion into the desirable. the Editor of THE REVIEW, and to We let our minds play upon what deal with it on paper. All of us might be if all were ideal. We have can see, with the eye of untested got our people in the way of con- imagination, a round-table confer- fusing the desire for the ideal, with ence of the religious eminent, con- the building of it into life. There cerned for the state of religion, and are preachers who expound the coming together to lay great plans most noble truth on Sunday morn- for a city. Most of the churches ings, but are so inured to this cli- are represented. There is prayer mate of the unreal that they can and talk. Some look skeptical; go against their own teaching with- others are enthusiastic. A "plan"

in twenty-four hours and never is proposed. "Dr. Somebody from know they h~lVe done it! Hundreds the Tabernacle of Somewhere is a of them confuse sympathy for the great spiritual force; let us get evangelical point of view with him in for two weeks of great working evangelism; t~y know union services, and all forget our little of the painful progress of differences and combine to help persuasion which must take place him." There will be much public- in the lives of their people if the ity-pamphlets describing the aim admirable sentiments of the pUlpit of the mission, newspaper articles, are to become the sober programme surveys which unearth yet more of the pews. Many preachers are appalling facts as to our general frankly afraid to tackle personal American godlessness.

human problems, and to get the ob- Most preachers past fifty have structions out of the way. It is so sat on committees like that more much easier to have people say that times than one. The plan was car- they like what you said, when you ried out. A few were reached. The were talking in the absence of dis- city as a whole was unmoved. The agreeable and resisting facts, than taste lef~ in people's mouths was it is to persuade them to root those unpleasant, not because of tub- facts out, or reinterpret them in thumping methods or emotional- the light of a profounder experi- ism, but because the whole affair ence of Christ. All the complicated, did not get to first base with the difficult period of conviction of sin, people who most needed to be of criticism and fault-finding, of reached. The past twenty years are uneasy swinging between two op- strewn with the wreckage of inef- posite ideals of life, lie right in this fectual religious movements. They area of personal persuasion to began in a committee, continued in adopt the ideal, as over against lis- a campaign, and ended in a col- tening to it and being lapped in the lapse.

soft airs of its imaginary realiza- I am going as far as possible tion. from this airy evangelism, and tell 651

the actual story of how a city was pIe whom they were not reaching evangelized by a group of people. and drew them in.

And first I must say something Six months later came an invitaof the preparation. It was not by tion to bring a large team, and cottage prayer-meetings, or whoop- quietly, guidedly honeycomb that ing-it-up for an evangelist who was expected. It began in an individ- city for Christ. There was much ual. Three years ago a young Bap- prayer. There had been guidance tist business man went to the ordi- that it was the right time. The innation of a man who had found his vitation was sent to people far enough along to take real leaderspiritual life in the work of A First Century Christian Fellowship, or ship. Ninety of them came. They ranged from wealthy society people the Oxford Group as it is called overseas. The business man was to tradesmen and students. There was a Scotch woman who had run intrigued by the kind of life he saw in this minister and his for Parliament at home and who friends. He accepted this fuller had travelled to America for this interpretation of Christ for him- series of meetings; and an Oxford self. It carried him into the min- student. There was a distinguished istry. Presbyterian minister, for many years a missionary in China. There While he was at the theological was a young married couple from seminary, he made known to a few Rhode Island whose lives and home strategic people what had hap- had been completely changed by the pened to him to take him out of message three years before. There business and into the ministry. He was a young Episcopal clergyman worked by rightly-directed per- who had a perfect genius for win- sonal witness. And when a suffi- ning the confidence of boys and ciently large number of interested helping them to understand how people had been seen, he suggested Christ could help them with their that the group of spiritual friends problems. There was a New York who had so inspired him, might woman with a European title, send representatives to tell these whose whole existence had been re- interested people what they had made through finding that an old told him. Very quietly a dozen peo- friend of her husband had been ple were brought from seven or brought to Christ through the Fel- eight other cities-not all parsons, lowship. Pentecost saw no motlier not professional evangelistS-most- crowd in its human composition, ly lay people, mostly ·young. For and they met "with one accord in ten days they stayed in different one place." Each had somewhere houses, living out in their relation- been brought to a decision for ships the 'meaning of life surren- Jesus Christ in surrender, carried dered to Christ and guided by His through the early stages of learn- Holy Spirit. There were small ing to live by guidance from God, gatherings, quite informal, meet- helped to win others for Christ, ing at houses or churches. Several and learned the price and the ne- hundred people were touched; their cessity of full sharing fellowship sympathy and interest we r e with like-minded Christians. This aroused. The churches began to get means that there were ninety peo- wind of it. It reached a few peo- ple ready to function like a phalanx

HOW A CITY WAS EVANGELIZED

under God's Holy Spirit. There ties. Anyone could have dropped was a human leader, but he could out of this affair, and it would have not possibly have carried the de- gone along just as well. Here a tails of all the hours in the day of growing number of ordinary men all the workers who were there. and women of all ages and every Yct there was not a single bit of in- walk of life, are being raised up to dividual sharpshooting; we worked do a mighty work for God in this almost like one person, because generation. Some of us have a unity was there at the beginning. deep-rooted conviction that all the Noiselessly the members of this rich colors of original Christianity group slipped into town by train can not be shown to this age and motor. A church sexton in New York took several in his car, through the prism of one person- ality, but only through the complex and witnessed with great power in of a group of people with "a diverthe meetings. Some were quartered sity of gifts but the same spirit." with families; some stayed in ho- The logic of this is that one-man tels. There were daily groups for evangelism is at an end for the special interests: one for business time, and the new emphasis must men, one for women, one for girls, be upon a welded, sharing, guided one for boys, one for younger mar- group functioning unitedly.

ried women, one for ministers; Finance and Follow-up each was led by someone belonging How is work like this financed? in the group. There was daily Bible We believe simply that where God study. In the evenings we gathered guides He provides. If we were for a united meeting. This began really guided to have this mission, with 300 and ended with 2,500. then He was sure to take charge of The theme was not preaching nor the funds. Much of the money exhorting-just simple individual came from the leaders who travwitness to what Christ had done. elled at their own charges: and we As a result family tangles were un- need much more imagination about snarled; personal problems were expecting such service as this from solved; hundreds of people found converted people. Several people a new power in Christ; the level were financed by members of the of confidence in that city, depressed Fellowship who were unable to go by the business slump, was enor- themselves. It required sacrifice mously lifted. in some quarters. Some of it came One said, "There has been noth- from the people in the city where ing like it since Moody." That was we worked, as they felt led to give.

a great tribute; yet how different But there was very little money- is this procedure from Mr. Moody's consciousness anywhere. An insur- incomparable ways. Always he ance man said, "There was no was, in spite of himself, the great underwriting before you came, no .

figure; he was the campaign, and collections while you were here, without him it could not have been. and no deficit when you left."

While he urged people not to talk Do not let anyone think that the about him, but about Christ, it was Fellowship has access to large inevitable that his name should funds: we have not. But when predominate. In the work I am people are soundly enough convert- describing there are no great ed to start off on a mission like names, no indispensable personali- this, they are also soundly enough

converted to be spiritually self- The most important thing in supporting, and not to lean on oth- follow-up is always one's own pri- ers for their expenses except where vate Quiet Time in the morning for specifically guided. We believe that Bible study, prayer, and listening here is a great lesson for this age to God for His directions. These, to learn, staggering as the churches for the convenience of remember- are under intolerable loads of finan- ing them, are usually written down cial obligation, and lacking the in a loose-leaf notebook. Probably spiritual power which will alone next in importance is a small, inti- help them to lift these loads. Sound mate fellowship where one's needs conversion is the basis of adequate and discoveries may be frankly finance. shared. It is als!) very interesting And follow-up-how shall all to see how quickly the church be- this continue? By the work of a gins to take on meaning for these revitalized church. The ministers people, who often for tlie first time of the city were back of us in this see it as a way to deepen and in- effort. They opened their pulpits to crease the life which they have just us. Some of them came a long spir- decided to live. One doctor told itual distance themselves. One me that he thought this movement clergyman toid me that he had bap- would "put the Church back on the tized hundreds of people, but he did map in this generation." Dozens, not know that in his ministry of I suppose hundreds, of people in over thirty years a single person that city, who never thought they had been brought decisively to could ever be doing such a thing, Christ: His whole life is now radi- are in living touch with God, ask- antly happy in the newly discov- ing and finding His mind upon ered power of being guided by the their problems, and drawing others Holy Spirit. The clergymen saw the after Christ. It sounds very much changes in their people, and in like the Acts, doesn't it?

those they wanted to be their peo- By the time the ordinary reader ple.. In the churches and in private has read this far, he will be saying houses numbers of small groups with some irritation, "Why doesn't are meeting weekly for the sharing he tell us how to do it ourselves?"

of experience and for united guid- My answer is frankly that I have ance. These groups may be ar- no paper-made plan by which any ranged geographically to take care minister can evangelize any old of one locality, or they may be town by following a few rules.

gathered according to interests, That kind of man-made evangeli~m like a group of insurance men who is what has ruined the very name meet every morning in one office evangelism for most people. We to begin the day with Quiet Time. must think in much more profound, There is nothing humanly organ- and in much more extensive, terms ized about them; they are made up than the conversion of anyone of people who have been changed, town by an individual: we must and want to learn the next stages. think of the recapturing of the These groups are kept vital by world for Christ through a close- honest sharing up to date between knit fellowship of converted peo- those who come steadily, and by the ple. Nothing less than this can get bringing in of new people who the attention of the many who want to find this experience. know that the church is too locally

preoccupied and too spiritually to have what he wanted the city timid to do its work in the world. to have: a thoroughly workable, Something must again set the tested, universal way of life in human imagination aflame with Christ which anybody can try exwhat can happen when Christ lays perimentally long before he may hold of a group of people. We be able to accept it authoritatively. need a world-wide movement of the Spirit in our day, and it looks as if The second is that the greatest we were beginning to see it. need of our time is for a movement which represents such contagious, Some Principles–From Experience simple, joyous religion as this, where any man can catch his spirit There are a few principles which at the flame. There was nothing distil from experience and which fortuitous in those ninety people we might notice. gathered in that dty. More than twenty b'"ears of pain and prayer, The first is that one person was of hammering and of recognition, responsible for touching the city. of loyalty and of falling away, of He was just a plain individual, and fidelity to one persistent ideal, of might as well have been led to stay hewing out individuals and seasonin business as to be in the ministry, ing them till they know the voice had that been God's plan for him. of God and the life of man, till they Profession had nothing to do with are welded into an unbreakable felit: possession everything. He rec- lowship-these are the things ognized in the Fellowship some- which lie behind that one gathering thing familiar through his own in- of ninety people thinking, living herited Christianity, yet something and working as one. The ordinary which stretched him so far that it evangelistic team is small and was like a new experience alto- fixed; often it is temporary, but if gether. Before he could begin to fixed it is inflexible, and does not touch anybody, he had to have in think to include beginners. This miniature the life he wanted his team is never quite the same in one city to have. People needed to find place as in another. Constantly in him and in his family some qual- new people are being brought in, ity of living which was different, and so trained for larger work. So which attracted them by its joy it comes about that, clear round the and simplicity and workability, and world now, you have a group of which challenged at the same time. people who know one another inti- The professional evangelist lacks mately, who begin work by being appeal for the average sinner and sure they have no "walls" amongst pagan. This man made friends with themselves, who are trained in loypeople like that. His language was alty and fellowship, who know how not stilted, he was natural, yet he to hit at just the same spot as the "had something." He was living on worker before them. This means concrete guidance. He was touch- that witnessing is going on all the ing individuals himself. He was time. At teas and luncheons, in living in constant fellowship, even churches and homes, wherever such if much of it was by mail, with a people are, there is evangelism. group which gave him opportunity Hundreds are teuched in this way for growth by comparison and con- who would never darken the door trast, by checking and sharing. of an evangelistic meeting, and The sum of all this is that he had

never even go to church. This them to come in with him. These movement has within it the power things are worth a thousand evanto reproduce itself in character- gelistic meetings for the gun-shy istic fashion, so that the colors do skeptic today who runs away from not fade out at the extreme edges. all professional religion. A town is Many will find in this movement, surprised and stirred when ninety people like this come in on a mission as did our friend who opened up of "peaceful penetration," when the city, things already familiar; I they see the fun they have, when think that all will find that the they find they live what they talk. movement represents to them spe- The interchange between city and cific challenge, if not to believe city, and indeed between country and country, is one of the marked more, at least to step out more characteristics of the movement. courageously upon what they do It has given it already an interdebelieve. nominational a'nd international character which may have implica- The third is that the most persua- tions as to church unity and inter- national understanding; already sive force for Christ in our time there have been far-reaching social is no longer the professional evan- results in the movement. But we gelist, and may not even be the believe profoundly that a Christian minister: the most persuasive force basis is needed first; and that this today is the converted layman who must come from the living impact of changed and Christ-centered knows the art of living and of win- people upon those who have yet to ning others. He has no profession- find that great eJ(perience. alisms. He gets at the people he wants to win, not only the less edu- Not one city only, but many, cated and more gullible members have been touched in this fashion. of society who frequent evangel- The movement is roIling. If you istic meetings. His business asso~ want to begin in your own town, it ciates recognize what has happened must begin first in your own life. when his business is conducted on The movement will be born through a new basis: when, for instance, the nucleus of those whom you he confesses to a dishonesty and reach directly yourself. restores to the right person, or when he calls in his fellow-workers and shares with them honestly his new experience and asks them for their help in the new life, urging HE COULD NOT GO-WHAT THEN1 A YOUNG man accepted for the African missionary field reported at New York for "passage," but found on further examination that his wife could not stand the climate. He was heartbroken, but he prayerfully returned t() his home and determined to make all the money he could, to be used in spreading the kingdom of God over the world. His father, a dentist, had started to make, on the side, an unfermented wine for the communion service. The young man took the business over and developed it until it assumed vast proportions -his name was "Welch," whose family still manufacturers "grape-juice." He has given literally hundreds of thousands of dollars to the work of missions. Every job is missionary work when we interpret it by stewardship.-Tke Presbyterian Advance.

YOUNG MEN OF

BY CAPTAIN REGINALD WALLIS Gl'11 crai ~ f vn~ t-urJJ uJ th e Oity oj Dublin Y. M. C . A .

Captain Wallis was in active service in the British army during the World War. Later he became secre- tary of the Y. M. C. A. in Dublin and has since been greatly used for the spiritual awakening and Christian training of young men. The Dublin Y. M. C. A. is conducted on evangelical and faith principles, without financial drives or emphasis on secular education, amusements, athletics and social lines. The entire budget amounts to ~nly about $10,000 a year, but the spiritual fruitage is large. The present financial de- pression has made rigid economy necessary and the support of the work must come in answer to prayer. This Associat ion gives proof that Y. M. C. A. work can be successfully conducted on Gospel lines with large results and without dependence for support on C AP T AIN llEGINALD WALLIS methods that are not fully consecrated by God. Captain Wallis is in America speaking at various conferences and may be addressed (until September 30th) at Moody Bible Institute, Chicago, III., or at 944 E ast 31st St., Brooklyn, N. Y.-EDITOR.

I N THE City of Dublin, the cap- the whole so mighty a lever to up- ital of the Irish Free State, lift the young men of the com- there is a successful evan- munity." gelical, soul-saving Young Men's Christian Association. The work The Dublin Association has ad- hered in its doctrinal basis and in is essentially Christian and aggres- its practical administration to this sively spiritual. Its one purpose ideal for eighty-two years since is to win young men for Christ and its inception in 1849. It stands as then weld them together into the a lighthouse of spiritual testimony. happy fellowship of Christian serv- From the roof to the basement you ice. Any inferior objective would will look in vain for even a smok- betray the sacred trust to which ing room, a billard table or any the Y. M. C. A. has been commit- other agency, often considered so ted. As Dr. Theodore Cuyler once necessary to attract young men, said: "When the Y. M. C. A. but which are sometimes found ceases to evangelize, it becomes a to hinder a full-orbed wholesome sublime impertinence." Dr. Arthur Christian witness.

T. Pierson also remarked: "Al- For over ten years it has been though no institution in the world my privilege to labor among the is perfect, it seems to me that the young men of Dublin – good-na~ Y. M. C. A., when its Christian tured, warm-hearted, and charac- chatader is maintained supreme, terized by that alluring South of is as nearly complete as any human Ireland temperament. Fine, manly, organization could be. I know of attractive Christians they make no other institution that has on when the Lord really captures 2 667

them and consecrates their delight- an average of fifty or more robust, ful characteristics to His own serv- keen, healthy, manly fellows. That ice. They are not in any sense meeting is a spiritual tonic. Fire, "nambys" or milk-sops. Watch life and a passion for souls charthem in the gymnasium (which is acterize their simple-hearted petionly a bare hall with very meagre tions. Open-air gatherings are held equipment). On the athletic field regularly on Monday nights in the I have seen a "Rugby" team of very heart of that Roman Catholic fifteen Christian fellows win their metropolis. Many stand around way through to victory, and wit- and listen with reverent attention ness for Christ on the way. Before to inspiring testimonies and apthe start of the game, I have known peals. Without denominational disthem to bow their heads in the pa- tinctions this happy family is a vilion and ask God's blessing on testimony to the unity of the Spirit the spor.t and seeking strength to and the one body of Christ. "play the game." The Dublin Y. M. C. A. believes in consecrated The original principles which recreation, as a means to an end, animated George Williams, the not an end in itself. Candidates revered founder of the Young for full membership in this Y. M. Men's Christian Association some C. A. are' passed individually at nine decades ago, stilI find expresthe monthly meeting of the general sion in this Irish branch. It has committee, a Board of Managers been and remains a living center composed mainly of "born-again" of Christian evangelism. The Metbusiness men. Scrupulous care is ropolitan Hall is packed every Sunexercised to maintain the spiritual day night with eager listeners to backbone of the Association. Evi- the Gospel. This evangelistic meetdence of conversion to God is a ing, with an average attendance of requisite for a full member. Asso- 1500, largely composed of young ciate members are young men of men and women, is the largest reggood moral character who desire ular gathering for any purpose in to use the "Y" but who may not the Irish Free State. The magnetmake profession of faith in Christ. ism which draws this young life These have no voting powers and together every Sunday night, sumcannot control the policies of the mer and winter, is no other than Association. Scores of associates the dynamic of the Word of Life. have been won for Christ and have The ushers are all Y. M. C. A. men become full members. with a salvation smile and a love for souls. The choir is composed Bible study is an important part of Christian voices, under the leadof this work. Every Sunday after- ership of a consecrated conductor. noon some seventy young fellows Bright Gospel hymns and choruses, meet for earnest but informal occasional solos or duets, are alstudy of the Word of God. Fellow- ways followed by a clean-cut evanship with this radiant bunch of gelistic appeal by a servant of God spiritual firebrands, hearing their with a living message. The Metrousing songs and testimonies, will ropolitan Hall has been the birthput red blood into the faith of any place of thousands of souls for downcast Christian. A weekly practically all the great evangelisprayer and fellowship meeting is tic campaigns in Dublin are held held on Wednesday evenings with under the auspices of the Y. M.

EVANGELIZING YOUNG MEN OF DUBLIN

C. A., and annual conferences are people together is like the spectacle convened here for the deepening of the Laodicean church. The of spiritual1ife. The reading room Church cannot compete with the is carefully guarded against the world, whose specialists can proentrance of any unsound period- vide a much more attractive icals or books. amusement program. Our Lord's commission is to "feed his sheep," Can the modern young men of not to "amuse the goats!" Many a today really be captured by these church and many a Y. M. C. A. has old-fashioned methods and held to- so lost its living message that "Ichgether without resorting to acces- abod" is writ large upon its porsories which are looked upon as so WHERE 1,500 GATHER EACH WEEK FOR THE Y. M. C. A. GOSPEL MEETING essential in such work today? Ex- tals. Yet it was never truer that perience proves that they can. In the Gospel, preached in the power fact there are no other means of of the Holy Spirit, still grips men so effectively capturing young life and presents an appeal to which in these days, as was true fifty they will respond in spite of the years ago. Give Christ a chance! alluring twentieth century reper- Men may change outwardly with toire of the world, the flesh and the the times, but the heart's need is devil. ever the same and there is only one d i v i n e remedy. Any religious The present buildings occupied movement descending to carnal by the Association have an intermeans to win and hold the young esting history. In 1922 we were in the throes of one of those peri-

odical disturbances for which Irish rackish, with no attractive facilipeople seem to have a peculiar rel- ties to offer young men. Dr. E. J. ish. Our Y. M. C. A. premises were Pace of the Sunday School Times, the first to be destroyed, whereas who visited Dub lin recently, the Catholic Young Men's Society writes: next door was left intact! But the Lord had provided better things When I recall those happy two for us. Shortly before this build- weeks spent in the Dublin Y. M. C. A., ing was destroyed, the Association the climax of four happy months spent came into possession of the present in the British Isles; when I bring buildings as a free gift by order back to my memory that fine bunch of of court. This was the divine pro- Irish huskies, wholesomely clean, ravision for the emergency. The diantly aggressive in their witnessing work multiplied in its effectiveness for Christ; when I see again that as a result of this apparent calam- nightly throng of 1,500 to 2,000 perity. The Sunday night meeting de- sons eager for the Gospel, I thrill veloped from a few dozen to its again to my finger tips. present proportions, taxing the full capacity of the Metropolitan I am frank to say I never saw a Hall, which lutd been erected in Y. M. C. A. like that of yours. It connection with D. L. Moody's visit stands out in contrast with Y. M. C. to Dublin some fifty years ago. A.'s on this side of the water painfully From the same platform today the to our discredit. Here it seems that same Message preached by that in the inverse ratio of splendid, costly, man of God is still sounded forth. physical equipment, the spiritual ob- jectives for which the "Y" was origi- These facts are all the more im- nally founded are sadly relegated far pressive when we remember that into the background, and in some the Protestant population of the places are almost apologized for. Irish Free State has now dwindled down to a meager seven per cent. There in Dublin in an old building, This gives rise to peculiar prob- never intended to serve as a Y. M. C. A., with equipment approaching lems. The Committee of the Asso- shabbiness, you have carried on magciation has no sympathy with fi- nificently. As I looked about me and nancial drives, but prays to the saw the utter want of equipment I Lord, as the Chancellor of His own marvelled at the mighty drawing Exchequer, to meet the need. The power of the Gospel, which alone atentire budget is only $10,000 per tracts and holds that splendid group annum, with no provision for lux- of militant Christian young men. urious administration or big-salaried officials. Evangelical money is The present building was never scarce in the Irish Free State and erected as a Y. M. C. A., and for part of the money needed is liter- nine years we have sought to carry ally prayed in every year. The on in spite of these difficulties, but Committee feels that they should feel that the time has come when make known to the people of God God would have us launch out for who love aggressive evangelism, more adequate facilities. In this the needs. The buildings, unfor- we seek the sympathetic, prayerful tunately are prison-like and bar- cooperation of God's people in order that we may do more effec- tive service for Christ in this very needy Irish Free State.

CHURCHES O~'~'ER RELIGIOU:; TRAINING ~'U){ YUUNG 1'IlJOl'LE

THE CHALLENGE OF HOME MISSIONS BY THE REV. E. D. KOHLSTEDT, D.D., Philadelphia, Pa. Oorrespond'im'f} SecretfM'lI oj the Boa.Yd of 110me Missions lMla Ohurch Extension Methodist Episcopal Ohurch· .n.; MERICAN home missions are attractiveness of Christian ideals a task, altruistic in character of life; to reveal the ethical im- and unattempted by other plications, economic and social agencies, that ought to challenge significance of Christianity; to the utmost endeavors and re- demonstrate the fruitage of a func- sources of organized Christianity: tioning faith, vitalized by an ex- to insure to rural and urban com- perimental knowledge of essential munities, which without either realities in the spiritUal realm.

temporary or permanent personal Dr. Slosson defines religion as and material cooperation from else- "the perpetual realization of God; where would not benefit by them, the spiritualization of daily life."

the enriching ministries of the Canon Streeter maintains that Church of Christ. "Science is the expression of re- In the prosecution of their re- ality in terms of quantity; religion spective religious and social activi- is the expression of reality in terms ties, these denominational agencies of quality." But Saint James exseek cooperatively to portray the horts us to face the fact that re- *The sections served by the Methodist Epis- ligious realities are conclusively copal Board of Home Missions and Church Extpllsion include : the United States. Alaska, evidenced by a convincing com- Hawn!}, Puerto Rico, and a st:ict!y interde- bination of unselfish service and nominational missionary enterprISe In the Dominican Republic, foste1'ed by the Board for unblemished character. Christian Work in Santo Domingo. Through- The composite character of home out these territories, Methodism sustains cordial, cooperative relatio.nsi;lips toward similar denominational bome mISSIOnary agencies and missions must be understood in projects. 661

order to appreciate the significance functioning faith which touches of certain determinative factors the very tap roots of our individual that justify the validity of the mis- and collective ills: sin and selfish- sionary's claim to moral and ma- ness. The Sermon on the Mount terial support. Within the areas makes inner righteousness abso- embraced by Continental United lutely basic to normal expressions States and her possessions, our of individual and social human con- territorial contacts and functional duct. Dr. Robert A. Milliken, the activities are characterized by both Scientist, cherishes a conviction home and foreign field environ- that "it was because we lost belief ments, problems and service oppor- in the reality of moral and spirit- tunities. ual values that the World War The romantic story of American came; and if we do not find a home missions thrills the hearts of way to regain and strengthen that those who trace the trails and sense belief, then science is of no value."

the spirit of our country's patriotic Bewildered in mind and morals, pioneers and heroic circuit riders, mankind desperately needs the whose joint services to the nation clarity and buoyancy of a function- wrested a Christian civilization ing, fruitful faith.

from a forbidding wilderness. The The Christian Church is the most United States is the only first-class effective agency devised to date world power that was practically through which to channel Chris- born Christian; the colonization tianity's contributions toward the of America was characterized by a enrichment of humanity's heart, dynamic conscience. Current con- home and community life. Despite ditions indicate the danger of a the Church's frankly admitted limi- reversion to paganism unless tations; whatever men may think America's Christian Church con- of the crudities of certain credal stituency can be shocked out of its interpretations of Christianity; smug complacency. however severely they may be in- To develop democracies that are clined to criticize our imperfect safe for the world is even .more portraitures of Christian ideals of imperative than to make the world life and human relationships, the safe for democracy. Unless those fact remains that Jesus Christ, entrusted with governmental and Founder of Christianity, is still social control are dominated by the mankind's supreme character and Spirit of Jesus Christ, a democracy community service exhibit.

can become as ruthless as any au- "In spite of all its faults," says tocracy that has ever crushed le- Dr. William Adams Brown, "the gitimate human aspirations and Church of Christ is the one social activities. Only that democracy is institution touching men of all safe for the world whose super- races and nations which exists to structure is undergirded by the spread faith in the good God and fundamental doctrines of Chris- to unite men in a world – wide tianity: the fatherhood of God; brotherhood. Here surely is a fac- the brotherhood of man; the in- tor with which anyone must reck- finite value of an individual life. on who asks with soberness where We dare not ignore such consider- men are to turn for help in the ations. stupendous task of world recon- There is no substitute for a struction."

THE CHALLENGE OF HOM;E MISSIONS

The international significance of Under such circumstances there is home missions is evidenced by the scant hope for motion picture profact that the prevalent publicity duction improvement and purificaand portraitures of the worst fea- tion until the united voice of the tures of American life, radioed to Christian Church can be heard distant lands in the fraction of a with far greater emphasis in the second and flashed from commer- council chambers of America's cialized, debauched silver screens, movie czars. now constitute one of the most delicate and difficult problems that test The world-wide responsibility of the faith and fortitude of heroic home missions becomes convincforeign missionaries on the other ingly apparent with the perfection side of the globe. Cooperative of humanity's communication and criticism demands the discontinu- transportation facilities, the prac- tical annihilation of time and space MISSION GIRLS LEARNING 'ro MAKE HOME ATTRACTIVE ance of salacious, sex-saturated, and the advent of a "split-second" lawless, liquor-soaked films, with world. Hitherto distantly related their contaminating influence upon peoples have been compacted into the unfolding child life of the close neighborhoods, which need an infusion of the spirit of Christian world. brotherhood. Multitudes of effec- Unfortunately, too many stars tive missionary enterprises on the other side of the globe were initiof first magnitude in the motion ated and are fostered by returned picture sky, idealized and idolized nationals who were inspired to by impressionable youth, can quali- embrace Christianity while sofy as legalized, progressive polyg- journers in this country. amists, to whom the sanctities of the marriage vow, the sacredness So intimately do our home and of the American home and the laws foreign missionary activities, inof the land mean little or nothing.

terests and responsibilities inter- speaks with the "voice of author- lock; so intricate are the relation- ity" and of finality.

ships of organized Christianity's Second – Christianity's Bible is missionary personnel, home and a missionary manual, permeated foreign, that no thoughtful in- with the missionary spirit. The terpreter of local, national and in- New Testament context is liberally ternational movements, programs interspersed with stories of spirit- and policies for human betterment ual adventure, so characteristic of would presume to attempt their the spread of Christianity through- complete segregation. Not only in out the world. Personified by the America, confronted with the deli- advent of the Christ Child in Beth- cate and difficult twofold task of lehem, matchless revelation of di- Americanization and Christianiza- vine solicitude for erring mortals; tion, but in many otlier countries buttressed by the Cross of Calvary, is the fruitage of home missionary emblematic of love strong as death, service winning recognition. nay stronger; undergirded by the Incentives to the personal and Great Commission, embodiment of material support of missions ought the Master's valedictory to His to arrest the attention, stir the chosen disciples; exemplified by the heart and challenge the enthusiasm epochal message of the Apostle to of an alert Christian constituency; the Gentiles in the Athenian marto arouse in both clery and laity ket place, it is the impact of a the spirit that accounts for the missionary spirit that accounts for development of genuine Christian the respective contributions of hiscrusaders. Space limits preclude toric religious movements toward the mention of more than three: the sum total of good in the worTd. Third – The inescapable chal- First – Jesus Christ and His lenge of an unfinished task summessage to mankind, adequately mons us to service. Vast areas of taught and exemplified, constitute unevangelized rural territory and humanity's most vital mind and scores of sadly neglected, polyglot heart needs. His flawless character city centers throughout this counstands out in bold relief before try demand the attention of an the tribunals of twenty centuries American Christian statesmanship which subjected the validity of the with faith, fortitude and ability Nazarene's spiritual supremacy enough to spell problem with the claims to the acid test. His por- letters of opportunity. The range traiture of human possibilities in sections of the west, mountain recharacter building is unexcelled. gions of the south and backward Nations, governments, social and communities of New England, economic orders, even organized Ohio, Michigan and other states religion in some of its current reveal a wide-spread neglect of our rural missionary fields. Only forty forms of expression are manifestly per cent of New England's popu- lation is claimed by any church; imperfect and subject to labora- tory experimentation, but Jesus Christ is supreme. In the social thirty-three per cent of its populaand spiritual life of the world, His tion under nineteen years of age position is exclusive and impreg- is unidentified with any church nable; as can be said of no other school. Utah has seven counties personality in human history, He without a functioning evangelical

THE CHALLENGE OF HOME MISSIONS

Protestant mission in anyone of school buildings, has no church struc- them. ture or regular religious ministry to The following exhibits are il- a population of nearly two hundred. lustrative of the missionary chal- A score of county parishes in the Ken- tucky and Tennessee mountains await lenge: the inauguration of an adequate social Dr. John McDowell, Secretary of the and spiritual service to hearts that Presbyterian Board of National Mis- hunger for a richer life.

sions, maintains that 10,000 American rural communities have no type of America's u r ban situation is ·church; that 30,000 American rural equally, if not even more disturb- communities have no pastor in resi- ing. Hundreds of congested city dence; that 13,400,000 American chil- centers, cosmopolitan communities dren under twelve years of age receive with their racial interlockings and no sort of religious instruction. State Librarian H. E. Dunnack, antagonisms, economic and social problems, clamor for considera- Maine: "100,000 of Maine's population tion. There is a studied purpose are without religious opportunities; on the part of corrupt politicians 95,652 families are unidentified with to defeat constructive legislation any church; 109,017 boys and girls of concerning moral issues. Organschool age are enrolled in no sort of church school." He estimates Maine's ized unrighteousness has become church attendance to be one in seven entrenched in the city. The grow- and mentions a community of 2,100 ing cities of America hold the people with 24 church members. balance of political power. If a Dr. Arthur Wentworth Hewitt, of democracy is to endUre, the work- ing majority of its voting units Plainfield, Vermont, author of "Stee- must be kept intelligent and moral. ples Among the Hills": "That some of The future of our country is at our villages are overchurched, I do not stake; the perpetuity of the sacred doubt, but am perfectly convinced that institutions, bought by the blood the greater part of our state is wholly unevangelized ground. The great majority of its people attend no church of a liberty loving people, is di- and are visited by no pastor." rectly involved.

Director of Publicity J. S. Swwell, Authoritative statisticians an- Methodist Episcopal Board of Home Missions and Church Extension, sub- nounce that in the 1932 national mits data on Clare County, Michigan: election, the United States will eleven townships, with forty-six public have approximately 4,000,000 new schools and an enrollment of 1,000 chil- voters to reckon with. Unless our dren, an English-speaking American prospective as well as our funcsection with a total population of 4,640, tioning citizenry can be vitally inbut no church at all in action. terested in and persuaded to do Dr. L. H. Sweetland, Methodist min- . serious, constructive thinking rela- ister, Hays, Kansas: "Paganism pre- tive to current, vital issues; to ap- vails in parts of Kansas. Within preciate the proportionate value of fourteen miles of Hays, in an American community of prosperous farmers determinative factors in our social, where I recently held services, there political and economic life; to grip were children sixteen years old who the real meaning of national and had not heard of Jesus Christ. Kan- international movements for husas has hundreds of boys and girls man betterment, how can we hope who are utterly ignorant of religion." to sense the significance of our exacting twentieth century citizen- Russell Springs, an inland Kansas (:ounty seat with substantial cQurt and ship or to insure to our ~n~:rntion

a proportionately substantial con- in terms of constructive commutribution toward the sum total of nity service and the enrichment of good in the world? social relationships, is a matter of immediate moment to the Chris- With a minimum monthly rack- tian leadership of our nation. We eteers' extortion toll of one billion would profit by the development of dollars to pay, according to the a more vivid consciousness of re- New York Crime Commission's re- ligious realities; a more clear cut cent report; confronted by a cur- realization of the actuality of rent crime culture of perfectly ap- God's presence and guidance; a· palling proportions; challenged by general recognition of the primacy the strange spectacle of millions of of prayer in our religious life; men unable to support their fam- the cultivation of an overwhelmilies on account of an unprece- ing passion for unselfish Christian dented commercial collapse; and service; the proclamation of a our social and spiritual ideals positive, dynamic Gospel message; threatened by the propagation of an evident dominance of the spiritpagan philosophies of life, the se- ual incentive in all of our missionriousness of the situation ought ary activities. to shock a nominally Christian America out Of her false sense of Isn't it strange that princes and kings; security. A silent church constit- That men and money and minor things; uency is impotent and unfruitful. That common folks, like you and me, For her own sake and for the sake Are builders for eternity? of the world, America's mind and heart must be Christianized. To each is given a bag of tools; A shapeless mass and a book of rules; A revitalized church member- And each must fashion, ere life has ship, the restoration of a functioning faith, buttressed by daily flown, demonstrations of religious reality A stumbling block, or a stepping stone.

COMING ARTICLES ON HOME MISSIONS O NE of the richest and most Home and Foreign Mission Life important subjects for study Compared, by Lillian Oyler. is the field of Home Mission in America. The variety and in- Do Jews Become Christians? by terest are almost unlimited. This John Stewart Conning. number of the REVIEW is devoted to the Home Missions study topics Religion for the Migrant Workof the year, which are in line with ers, by Adela J., Ballard. those discussed at the National Congress in Washington last De- The Church and the Working cember. Man, by E. M. Wahlberg.

Several of the most interesting Spanish-Americans – Asset or a papers in hand could not be in- Liability? by E. T. Cornelius. cluded in this issue and will appear in a subsequent number. Do not What Substitute for Christianmiss them. Among these are: ity? by James 1. Vance.

Why Give the Gospel to the Mor- Missions to American Indians, mons, by William E. LaRue. by Henry Roe Cloud.

ARE THE

AMERICANS?

BY ELIZABETH R. HOOKER, New York Institute oj SooiaZ a,net Religious Research T HE number of church mem- even with the use of recently per- bers (of all denominations) fected methods. So much land is reported by the Census of Re- required to supply a family living ligious Bodies in 1926 was 47.7 per that even if all the land were taken.

cent of the population of the United up, the farm families would live States in that year.1 Where are the far apart; and at the present stage others, the more than fifty-two per of development the dry lands have cent of the people who are outside an average of one family to the the churches? Are they evenly dis- square mile. There are thus .great tributed over the country or are stretches' of hinterland where the there relatively more of them in nearest neighbor is several miles certain kinds of territory? away. Many of the roads are still To answer these questions and to unimproved. Both homes and study types of areas that might be farms, and public facilities and in- found to have comparatively large stitutions, are being developed in proportions of the people outside the face of great natural obstacles the churches, the Institute of Social and frequent crop failures.

and Religious Research2 in 1928 Dry-farming territory of wide began an investigation which extent is found in the Columbia brought to light the fact that six Basin of Washington, Oregon and different kinds of territory of wide Idaho; also in two regions of the extent contain exceptionally large Great Plains, which lie between a numbers who are not merely out- more humid belt on the east and an side the membership but who are arid belt close to the Rocky Moun- practically untouched by the influ- tains, and which are separated by ence of churches. stretches of rougher and less fertile Only four of these six kinds of land. These three regions cover an territory will be considered here. area larger than that of New Eng- All are of recent development and land and the Middle Atlantic States are found largely in the Far West. combined; and they contain 807,- 000 people living outside of centers Dry-Fanning Areas of 2,500 or more inhabitants.

The youngest of these types is In one of the three dry-farming the dry-farming country. This was regions, three-fourths of the people not settled permanently till after are outside the churches; in the the better watered lands had been largely occupied because it is so second, three-fifths; in the third, arid that harvests are precarious four-fifths. Churches of a sort are not lacking; but they are un- 1 Estimated as balfway between tbe Census evenly distributed, the villages and figures for 1920 and 1930. some hamlets having several or- 'The findings of this study are presented in ganizations of different denomina- ~~tn!~~a~~ii~~u~hR~~~~~::" Nle~ti~~~t °i9~~~ tions, and other small centers and ~~~StBb';;;~d~ol~aih~ ~r~s~~de;rt'lcf~r the state- wide reaches of hinterland being 667

without any churches whatever. stituting one-sixth of the land area With a few striking exceptions the of the continental United States. churches are small and poor, have Notwithstanding its low density, very limited ministerial service, in 1920 this area had 619,000 inconduct no activities except occa- habitants living in the rural dissional preaching services and Sun- tricts. day schools, and have failed to win the cooperation of large propor- In the grazing region consisting tions of the people. In a repre- largely of Utah, where most of the sentative dry-farming county sur- people are Mormons, 55 per cent veyed, five-eighths of the country belonged to churches in 1926; in families had no regular contact western Texas, where three-fifths with church or Sunday school. of the inhabitants are Spanish- American Roman Catholics, the Yet nine-tenths of the dryland- proportion of the people belonging ers are Protestant by tradition; to churches was 52.5 per cent. In and will be reached, if at all, by the two Protestant grazing regions Protestant religioUS agencies. the situation was quite otherwise. In one only one-fourth of the peo- Grazing Country ple, and in the other less than one- sixth, were enrolled in the church Many unchurched Americans are membership. Of the twenty-eight also found in the arid grazing Protestant counties investigated, lands. Here the people are even only six had as high a proportion more widely scattered than in the as one-fifth of the people in the dry-farming country; for there is churches; nine had less than a an average of only one ranch in tenth; and three had less than a seven square miles. The climate is twentieth. And in more than half too dry for crops to mature without the total area of the entire fifty-five irrigation and the irrigable acre- sample counties of four grazing age is extremely small. The herbage regions, including both Protesis so sparse in some sections that tant and Catholic sections, less a cow must walk twenty miles in than one-fifth of the people were a day to get enough to eat. Off the ch urch members. main highways travel is over rough roads or rougher trails. Centers In a Protestant grazing county are few, and are strung along the surveyed by the Institute, threewidely separated streams and rail- fourths of the families had no regroads, leaving expanses of uninter- ular contacts with churches; and rupted hinterland hundreds of at the hour of service eleven permiles across. sons were outside church doors to one inside. Grazing country forms far the largest part of the territory be- The churches are few-an avertween the Rocky Mountains and the age of only three per 1,000 square Cascade and Sierra ranges, and is miles. Almost all such churches as also found in the drier and rougher exist are clustered in the larger parts of the Great Plains. In these towns. Not a few counties of over regions arid grazing land extends 3,000 square miles each have but over practically the whole of 110 one or two churches outside the huge counties, occupying three county-seat. times as large an area as the dryfarming country, and in fact con- These town churches try to dupli- cate the buildings and the program

WHERE ARE THE UNCHURCHED AMERICANS?

of the churches of older regions. people outside the church doors at Their rank and file, and even most the hour of service was sevenof their ministers, know almost eighths in the Michigan county, nothing of the thinly populated nine-tenths in the county in Minnehinterlands stretching far away in sota, and eleven-twelfths in that in every direction. Now and then Washington. From three-fifths to churches are started in smaller three-fourths of the children were centers; but most of these are not enrolled in any Sunday school. very short-lived. Though the cut-over sections Cut-Over Sections have many churches-thirty-one per 1,000 square miles-most of A third kind of territory having them are small. The denominamany unchurched Americans con- tional competition is intensified sists of sections recently denuded here by the presence of churches of primeval forests. With their serving groups of various foreign trees they have lost much of their races. Being small and in a land taxable property, and most of the of poor people, the churches cannot industries that formerly supported afford good buildings, well-paid a great part of the population. ministers, or many-sided programs. Many people have moved away. What these little churches offer In some cut-over districts stumps does not appeal to the general pubare being uprooted with great labor lic of their communities. and expense, and agriculture is being developed. But the farmers The Washington county conoften have to contend with poor tained two large districts entirely soil, stubborn natural growths, destitute of churches. This unforest fires and inaccessibility of churched area had four villages of markets. They live in isolation from 300 to 500 inhabitants, and amidst stump lands, marshes and nine hamlets of over 100 inhabisecond-growth woods, and to a tants. The whole population of great extent upon unimproved this neglected territory was some roads. Schools and other institu- 6,800. A few Sunday schools and tions are still imperfectly devel- monthly preaching services held in oped. Many of the people are im- schoolhouses or private homes, atmigrants of varied racial origins, tracted very small groups of peoattracted by the cheapness of the ple. Nearly 99 per cent of the popuncleared land. ulation never or hardly ever at- tended a service of worship. Two cut-over regions were investigated by the Institute, one lying Seven-eighths of the people of about the Great Lakes and the the cut-over sections, however, other in the Pacific Northwest. have Protestant traditions. The These two regions have a combined responsibility for affording them area of 12,000 square miles, and a effective religious ministry rests rural population of one and one- therefore on the Protestant Church. sixth millions. Mountain Distriots In three cut-over counties surveyed in Michigan, Minnesota and Many unchurched Americans Wasilington, seven-eighths of the are also found in districts among people were outside the church high mountains. Here communimembership. The proportion of the ties and scattered families live in isolation from the outside world

VERMONT: Lamoille County Orange County _ Open country ~ Villages with fewer than 500 inhabitants ~ Villages with 500 to 2500 inhabitants fZ#jIJJ Hamlets ~ Villages without marked contrast in population ~ Towns or small cities Used in IfHinterlands of the Ohurch/' Institute of Socia' and ReUgious RescQiTch, New York.

DIAGRAM SHOWING THE PROPORTION OF POPULATION IN CHURCH MEMBERSHIP (1926), FOR COMMUNITIES OF DIFFERENT SIZES, IN COUNTIES SURVEYED, REPRESENTING SIX DIFFEREJiT KINDS OF TERRITORY.

and even largely apart from neigh- weekly services even in summer. boring mountain districts. The iso- The only church in the county-seat lation is intensified by steep and had regular preaching services only circuitous approaches, by the scar- during the three summer months, city of railroads and the poor con- and even that not every year. dition of many highways, and by There were half as many closed the deep snows of winter. Mining churches as active churches. and lumber activities, which have usually formed the incentive to set- Many of the original settlers of tlement, have in many cases slack- the mountain counties, who were ened or died out. Farming encoun- very largely miners, had never had ters peculiar obstacles and poverty church affiliations; and the little is nearly universal. The develop- churches have not acquired a posiment of the institutions of civiliza- tion of influence. The general pubtion has been arrested in many of lic are indifferent to them, and the older mountain counties, and in many even of the church workers the younger ones is still at an early show a lukewarm and shame-faced stage. adherence.

Seventy-nine mountainous coun- In spite of this widespread indifties are fOl,lnd partly among the ference to the churches, a large two great masses of the Rocky majority of the people consider Mountains situated within the themselves Protestants, at least to United States and partly among the the extent of desiring the services Sierra Mountains of California. of Protestant ministers at funerals. They have a total area of over 173,- 000 square miles, and a rural pop- These four kinds of new terriulation in 1920 of about 424,000. tory having many unchurched Americans, taken all together, oc- In the forty-four of seventy-nine cupy three-eighths of the area of mountain counties taken as samples the United States, and their rural in the Institute study, more than popUlation in 1920 was about three three-fourths of the people were and one-third millions. All this outside the churches. In half these territory, except two regions of counties the proportion was more grazing country, is Protestant by than four-fifths; and in eight coun- predilection, if not in actuality; ties, more than nine-tenths. More- and therefore constitutes a Protover, of the population of a county estant responsibility. surveyed, persons 0 u t sid e the churches formed thirteen – four- Common Obstacles to Church Work teenths of the population, and in the c 0 u n try districts, twenty- A plausible explanation of the twenty-firsts of the population. At presence of so many unchurched the hour of worship, only twelve Americans in these four kinds of per thousand inhabitants were new territory lies in the fact that present at any religious service, these areas all exhibit charactere it her Protestant or Catholic. istics that render effective religious Three-fourths of the families had ministry extremely difficult. Only no regular contact with any church. small numbers of people live within Six of the ten Protestant churches a convenient distance from comhad fewer than twenty-five mem- mon meeting points. Assembling bers each. Only one church had for services and group activities is restricted not merely by distance, but by bad roads, lack of bridges,

and topographical barriers. Most few lay workers and contributors, of the people are so poor that they low expenditures, restricted minis- have little margin from which to terial service, and a very limited contribute to the support of church- program. The little churches found es. Because of the youth of these in these areas have been unable to lands, common acquaintance and influence and to enlist the people of the habit of cooperation, which fa- their vicinities; and in many cases cilitate the development of such they have lost their hold upon chil- social organizations as churches, dren of their original members.

have barely begun to develop; and Having come from long-estab- in some districts there is not even lished and densely settled sections any place to hold services except of the country, the church people the little country schoolhouses. of these lands have tended to work These conditions constitute effec- toward the forms of church admin- tive handicaps to the work of the istration familiar to them in their churches. But that the difficulties former homes, that is, toward full- are not insurmountable is shown time resident ministers, circuits or by the fact that grazing regions yoked churches, and increasing de- where Mormons or Roman Cath- nominational competition. None of olics predominate have compara- these methods is adapted to the tively few unchurched persons, al- conditions of the newer lands.

though the common obstacles to As a natural consequence, the church work exist there in an ex- number of unchurched Americans treme degree. Moreover, under in these four kinds of new terri- similar conditions a very few Prot- tory is not decreasing. Indeed, estant churches alone in their among eight Protestant regions of fields, through strong and sus- the four types, the Protestant graz- tained work, have succeeded in en- ing regions and the mountain re- listing large proportions of their gions, which are the oldest, and in natural constituents. which churches have therefore been Ineffective Churches at work longest, have more un- churched people than the more re- The presence of many un- cently settled cut-over and dry- churched Americans, therefore, is farming regions; and among the not an inevitable result of adverse three dry-farming regions, the conditions; it is to be attributed in older have more unchurched people part to characteristics of the than the younger. In general, the churches themselves. Each church new lands are witnessing, not the came into existence independently, churching of the unchurched, but as the church of some group of set- the dechurching of the churched.

tlers with a common preference for Scattered indications are not a particular denomination. Because lacking in these areas, however, the settlers of most neighborhoods of new experiments in interdenom- represented many diverse origins inational cooperation, and of the both geographical, social and racial, introduction of methods of church churches of various denominations work that are better adapted to tended to arise in close proximity. the peculiar environmental condi- In regions where people are so scat- tions. Upon the fate of such recent tered and so poor, neighboring developments depends the success churches are inevitably small, with of the churches of the new lands.

PROBLEMS IN HOME MISSIONS *

BY THE QRf NEaVtiO."1H/,uE' RMiM88iAonN8~NPNre.sbMyteOriRanSEJh'UDr~hD.:' N Yk A. or B oard u. e; T HE topic is broad enough to new angles of old problems. That cover most of the concerns of process of expansion, change, and home missions. Few, if any, exploration is the history of Home problems of church work are ever Missions. It is also its present completely solved. This is not so and doubtless will be its future. much a confession of weakness as it is a recognition that America The Problem of Extension has experienced a constant process of growth and change. There are The Home Missions Congress no static problems in home mis- formulated a definition· of Home sions to be solved by exact formula Missions which emphasized five asbut there are a succession of prob~ pects. The most elemental of these lems undergoing continuous alter- is "to make the Church available to those sections of America which ation. Home Mission work began as a lack its ministry." We may call problem of preaching the Gospel this the problem of physical extenand planting the church in new sion, the provision of at least a communities. Enlarging territory minimum of religious privilege for and expanding population kept our every community in home mission fathers keenly aware that no sooner territory. The planting of new was this problem advanced toward churches virtually ceased three solution in one section than it was decades ago save in growing cities recreated for them elsewhere. The and suburbs. In most sections the frontier line receded before them. larger denominations are substan- They never quite caught up with it. tially reducing the number of their Then, in due time they became churches. It is recognized that aware that communities differed in many areas have more churches many vital ways and that these than they need. On the other hand differences constituted other prob- thousands of small communities are l~ms for the church. The composi- still completely unchurched. Chiefly tIon of the population changed. this concerns the more sparsely Contrastp, in race, language, color, settled portions of our country. culture, ~conomic status and social Where populations are dense a opportunity, religious background community without a church is a and outlook, accessibility, and gen- rarity, although every expanding eral standard of living-such fac- city or industrial area furnishes its tors so completely characterized the quota of new communities for course of American development as which churches must be provided. to keep the missionary enterprise Usually both resources and interest constantly exploring new ways to are available for the meeting of meet new situations, or to deal with such needs. But there is a mar- ginal problem not so dramatically t" '1 I hls brief paper has no ambition to list! evident and not so easily command- ing either interest or support. Scatbi e one o:l!er a solution for all the unsolved tered throughout the country are Pptlreor mlet m8s: of home missions. Its limits only c<?mment on certain ones of unquesoned slgmficance.-H. N. M.

3 673

many thousand small neighbor- largement of the service of exist- hoods, mostly isolated, with their ing churches. The Congress defini- populations aggregating in the mil- tion of Home Missions includes as lions which together constitute the its first element the following: most striking instance of religious "To win men and women to dis- neglect. Every state in the Union cipleship of Jesus Christ, to unite in which there are mountains, or them with other disciples in the cut-over timber lands, or dry-farm- fellowship of the Christian Church, ing areas, or small industrial cen- and to educate them for worship ters attracting foreign labor, as and service at home and abroad by coal mines or oil developments, has helping them to discover and to its share of these unchurched accept for themselves and for soneighborhoods. * ciety at large the full consequence The fact that this neglected pop- of Christian discipleship." The ulation is widely scattered and is Congress repeatedly called atten- usually found in very small aggre- tion to the fact that within com- gates, makes religious ministry for munities amply provided with them a matter of serious difficulty. churches are very many people who Frequently Sunday-school missions are almost completely overlooked or some similar form of itinerant by them. In almost every commu- service offers the only practicable nity, large or small, are people out- solution. Elsewhere churches could side the churches who are never be maintained, but would need a definitely sought out with the chal- large measure of missionary sup- lenge of Christian discipleship or port which has not hitherto been the ministry of Christian service.

available. Generally speaking, no Sometimes it is a particular racial satisfactory program could be de- or social group that is overlooked.

veloped along strictly denomina- Sometimes it is an isolated rural tional lines but must be sought neighborhood near the borders of through the medium of interde- the community. More frequently it nominational cooperation. Such is just a case of scattered folk who distinctively missionary responsi- are not noticed by the churches.

bilities as the Mormon area, the In the beginnings of Home Mis- Indian reservations and Cuba, sion work there was constant em- show considerable populations for phasis upon the responsibility of whom no evangelical work has ever each church to extend its own min- been attempted. Here the impulse, istry not only throughout its own and at the outset the financial sup- community but into neighboring port, must come almost entirely communities. That emphasis is as from the outside. m u c h needed today as ever.

Churches frequently are lacking in The Overlooked Groups that missionary zeal directed to- There is another aspect of ward their own immediate areas. church extension which is con- They have generally no conception cerned not with the planting of new of a larger parish for which they churches or the development of new are responsible. They tend to think forms of ministry, but with the eii- of their own constituencies rather than of the total populations to be *' Cf. Hinterlands of the Ohurch. Elizaheth reached. The churches in the aver- R. Hooker, Institute of Social and Religions Research, 1931. age village draw enough members

UNSOLVED PROBLEMS IN HOME MISSIONS

from the surrounding country to nance of any reasonable program. weaken and discourage such open In many parts of the country a country churches as may still be startlingly large proportion of the there, but do not make a consistent rural churches have less than effort to strengthen such country twenty-five members each and opchurches or to provide that thor- erate on budgets of less than $500 ough ministry for rural people a year. In the towns and cities, which would make the country while there are, of course, many churches unnecessary. The result churches of outstanding strength, is that the country areas adjacent the typical church operates perilto village or town or city are be- ously near the line of bare subsistcoming the most poorly served sec- ence. tions in the nation. As regards the problem of the city, it was empha- This situation is, obviously, in sized in the Congress that the city part due to the existence of more must be viewed as a whole and that churches than our present church any consideration which does not strength could reasonably be exemphasize the responsibility of pected to support. In part it is due each church in a city-wide strategy to our failure to select out and is fatally inadequate. energetically develop that large number of churches which are in a For the country as a whole it is position to render valuable service significant that the proportion of but which have never been suffiour population which is outside of ciently promoted. Among the spethe membership of all churches has cific problems involved here are remained the same for at least many of the hardy perennials of twenty-five years. Prior to that Home Mission history-such as the time the church consistently grew development of competent leadermore rapidly than the population ship; the provision of a just and as a whole. It almost seems as if reasonable minimum of salary; the the Church were content to peg its development of local financial rework at the point which it has now sources for the support of the reached with half of the population church; the encouragement of local in and half of it out of the church initiative and local m.anagement. membership. There are considerations here of The Problem of Development. ecclesiastical policy which run well beyond the range of home mission- This consideration leads us at ary responsibility or resources. once to a third one which might be There are three striking facts, called the problem of church devel- however, that apply with almost opment. The Congress definition equal force to all of the larger emphasizes the need "to supply Protestant denominations. The first adequate church leadership where is that each of them has a very the work of the present church is large number of churches which unsuccessful or inadequate." It are either chronically vacant or are seems not to be generally appreci-· quite inadequately served. Many ated that a large proportion of all such churches are served by men Protestant churches in both city who are compelled to make much of and country are below the point of their living outside of their minisnumerical and financial strength try. Others are so combined in which is adequate to the mainte- circuits as to put an unreasonable

burden upon their ministers and elementary parish school conducted provide the churches only with as the precursor of the public long-range and part-time care. The school which the people are not yet second fact is that our existing interested or able to maintain and system of church support provides having as its objective the provimany of our ministers with some- sion of the standard elements of an thing less than simple justice. elementary training. Many such Burdens are piled upon them which schools formerly conducted have a man can hardly carry and the long since been given up. They support is inadequate and often precarious. Looked at broadly, it have achieved their purpose of eduwould seem that we have not yet cating the community to a sense of learned how to make the most effective use of our ministerial per- the value of public education and sonnel or to enable them to make the state has relieved the church of the most effective use of their tal- what in our Protestant system we ents. The third fact demonstrated regard as a state responsibility. daily from end to end of our coun- Ultimately it is to be hoped Home try is that the community which Missions will not need anywhere to is over-churched is usually under- conduct schools of this type since ministered and the thing that hurts our aim as the Congress put it is is not so much the surfeit of "to supplement rather than to subchurches as the lack of construc- stitute for the responsibilities of tive personal ministry. the state in education."

The Problem of the Underprivileged Other more advanced or more specialized types of mission schools The fourth element of the Con- were developed in due course. gress definition concerns our service to those in need: "In the case These schools do more than the of handicapped or retarded areas state might do if it were willing or underprivileged groups, to as- and able. They discharge a spesist in providing those institutions cific and particular missionary purand services which are the neces- pose in relation to our total prosary elements·of a Christian stand- gram. The provision of a trained ard of living to the end that the and consecrated Christian leader- Christian community life may be ship will be a major objective for developed." This aspect of Home a long time to come in all of our Missions raises a problem which is twofold, to know when to provide distinctively missionary areas. such service and to know when to Other forms of service ministry cease to provide it. which were developed rather later The earliest missionaries to the than the mission school have at- American Indians found it desir- tained places of grealfinfluence in able to teach them to read and write and to instruct them in the the present program. Medical servrudiments of agriculture and hand- ice is perhaps the most fundamenicraft. The mission school naturally resulted. As developed through tal of these. The more impoverished the years it has taken a number of sections of the country are still characteristic forms. There is the woefully lacking in hospital facili- ties and competent medical and public health service. We have not in this country generally estab- lished either in theory or in prac- tice the responsibility of the state in this field. Our Indian population

is about the only considerable ex- are poor; or alien, or imperfectly ception and even here the provision adjusted to their environments, or made by the Federal Government groups in process of transition, is quite inadequate. While the mis- there is definitely room for this as- sion boards have done yeoman serv- pect of our ministry.

ice in many parts of the home Christ and the Social and Civic mission territory in equipping hos- Questions pitals, maintaining doctors and nurses and conducting a general The fifth and final aspect of the health program, this, in relation to Congress definition takes us into the existing need, is probably the the realm of applied Christianity.

most undeveloped aspect of our This emphasizes our responsibility program. To cite a single instance, "to bring the Christian impulse to the Dominican Republic has one bear upon the broad social and physician to every 8,700 people as civic questions of our day." We are compared to one physician for here concerned with a problem of every 700 people in the United interpretation and education rather States. There are just seven than with the conduct of specific trained Dominican nurses in the institutions or activities. No con- whole Repubtic, all of them gradu- sideration of the duty and oppor- ates of the mission hospital, or one tunity of the church can ignore the trained nurse to 128,000 people, question of the bearing of Chris- whereas in New York there is one tian principles upon those problems trained nurse to every 305 people. of our modern world which chal- An unstandardized, but very lenge the consistency of our Gospel.

valuable feature of the service pro- The Congress noted, for example, gram of Home Missions, is the that "the exceptional difficulties community or neighborhood house. under which many of our fields are In some sections the neighborhood laboring in this year of business house is. the forerunner of the depression accentuate the respon- church, doing the pioneer work in sibility in the field of economic an area where personal ministry is well-being. We believe our Home the only possible avenue of Chris- Mission Boards should take the tian approach. In other sections, leadership in summoning Christian notably in the service of the alien people to shape the economic struc- populations of our great cities, it is ture of American life in accordance a more or less permanent adjunct with Christian ideals. It is not to the church, providing those enough to deal with economic crises forms of adapted service to per- as they occur. So far as in us lies, sonal need which require a special- we must take measures to prevent ized equipment and training be- their occurrence and to guarantee yond the resources of the average to all our people an opportunity to conventional church. There are no achieve a Christian standard of practical limits to the degree to living."

which this type of service could Various aspects of this problem be profitably expanded whether come up at almost every stage of through a separate service station our work. If our concern is with or through special workers at- the Negroes, or with any of our tached to organized churches. As foreign-speaking groups, notably long as there are families which the Orientals on the coast and the

Mexicans in the southwest, we can- our ecclesiastical assemblies. A not be oblivious to questions of race rather impressive volume of resodiscrimination. If our concern is lutions have been passed. The difwith our great industrial popula- ficulty here does not seem to be in tions we cannot avoid an inquiry as determining what ought to be done. to what Christianity has to say The "unsolved problem" is how to about relations in industry. Unem- get it done. The Congress emphaployment and poverty cannot be sized that we ought now to pass viewed as exclusively economic from the "resolution" stage to the phenomena. International goodwill "action" stage by an aggressive is more than a political problem. movement of concerted effort with One might almost indefinitely elab- the dual purpose of eliminating orate the catalogue of questions competition and of cooperatively that point the moral that the extending our service to all un- Church today must concern itself served areas. To this end our first with all these problems of life ad- need is a question of attitude and justment in our modern world. spirit. We have the technique and the organization. What we need is Comity and Cooperation a wider diffusion of a cooperative spirit. At the same time it is nec- To this list of unsolved problems essary and desirable that we consuggested by the Congress defini- tinue to extend and develop the tion of Home Missions must be various cooperative organizations added two others. One is the prob- which in cities, states and nationlem of interdenominational comity ally provide the channels through and cooperation. The sincerest which our evangelical bodies may friend of the church must concede work together in their common that there is here an unsolved prob- tasks and study together their comlem of great urgency even while mon problems. contending what is undoubtedly the case, that rather remarkable prog- If we could find the way· to ress has been made in recent years deepen the spiritual life of the along this line. This was expressed Church we would doubtless in so in the Congress findings in the fol- doing increase its missionary zeal. lowing significant sentence: "It is If the church as a whole had an inthe plain truth that awareness of escapable conviction that it must go the significance of this problem is a forward, doubtless the means with modern development, that much of which to go forward would be the urgency of it is created by mod- found. In all our work primacy ern conditions, that we are trying must be given to the fundamental in a decade to undo the mistakes of religious motive. A stronger detera century and that, however uneven our success, we have made mination to prosecute the work of real progress and are developing the desire and the will to go for- the church will grow out of nothing ward to success." but a deeper religious experience. For some years now the question of interdenominational cooperation "What we need and what we believe has had the serious consideration the church at large needs is a renewed not only of mission boards but of and more vital consciousness of God; a sense that Jesus is Saviour and that there is none other either for the indi- vidual or for society, that without Him we can do nothing, that through Him we can do anything that needs to be done."

THE DAY OF THE COUNTRY

GONE?

BY THE REV. MALCOLM DANA, D.D., New Haven, Conn.

Director Oountry Life Depa,rtrneut" Cangrega.Uona,l Church Extcnsh.m BoardtS T HE distinctly open country "Urban? Why, bless your heart, type of church is probably we are nothing but an overgrown destined to share the fate of country town. This city is made up the crossroads store and the village of farmers who brought along with blacksmith shop. A town and coun- them their own habits and ways of try church is on the way with a looking at and doing things."

parish planned to include both cen- The visitor told this incident to ters and adjacent countrysides. an audience a while later, and re- Rural religion and the country marked: church are therefore entering upon "These people were describing a new and most important era, al- the same thing, but from opposite though their work may be more poles of experience. What is going qualitative than quantitative. Those on is interpenetration. City influ- interested are challenged to devise ences are backing up into the coun- new plans and programs suited to try, and rural folks are building a changed and changing country- themselves and their customs into side. The task is not an easy one. the life of urban centers."

It calls for a modern appraisement This movement calls for serious of the country church, and for a and thoughtful attention! Such thorough understanding of signifi- silent and subtle interchange chal- cant trends and movements in the lenges rural and city churches alike rural religious and secular fields. to see to it that neither institution Rural·Urban Interpenetrations suffers from this important give' and take.

Both the rural and urban reli- :Back·tier Populations gious forces are challenged to deal with a movement described by a In contrast to the merging of in- well-known sociologist. He was terests is the development of a new visiting in a small Iowa town and type of rural isolation. The fact referred to it as "rural." The clas- of diminishing popUlations is gen- sification was resented in some such erally recognized. But the effects words as these: of the exodus to the cities, and the "We are not rural, or different moving of country people out to from city folks. We dress and act paved highways are not so well as they do. We have city conveni- known. Nevertheless, back-tier ences in our homes, and go to urban populations are developing in many centers for our pleasures and en- quarters of the land. Superior folk joyments." still live in depleted areas and will A few days later he was talking continue to do so. But these migra- to one of the leading bankers of a tions are partly responsible' for large city not far distant from this "rural vice equalling anything to same village. He happened to use be found in Chicago, New York or the word "urban," which evoked Boston; spiritual illiteracy match- this comment: ing any book illiteracy to be found 679

in the 80uthern mountains; and a peals to mere sentiment and emo- need for medical missions almost tion.

as keen as in India and Africa." Attitudes Toward Mission Aid Nor are these conditions charac- teristic of regions where the great A fourth challenge asks for a distances and sparsely settled areas newly conceived, better designated might be expected to produce isola- and differently administered "mis- tion and loneliness. They exist in sion aid."

older and more populous states, and Rural churches were never more are often to be found only a few needed to help solve the problems miles back .from old and historic of the American countryside, and churches quite given to celebrating to assist in mitigating serious con- their one hundredth and one hun- ditions existing there. But dimin- dred and fiftieth anniversaries. In- ished memberships and constitu- deed, "overlooking" is fast being encies make it impossible for them recognized as a more frequent and to do the work alone and unaided.

reprehensible sin than that of the Nevertheless, there is a growing more talked about "overchurch- disinclination on the part of rural ing." Churches of the countryside ministers and churches, and even are therefore challenged to go out more on the part of young men who from even small centers to experi- are thinking of entering the min- ence the joys of "detours," and to istry, to be termed "missionary."

discover the blessedness of a new Some think the time has come to mission and field of work in the drop that word from the vocabu- region of back-country roads. lary of religious work. What was Passing of Pioneer Home Missions once a help has become a hindrance and an embarrassment. Churches Another challenge has to do with which are most needed, and which the passing of home missionary have the best right to help, are days. These days are gone, along generally the very ones that will with the disappearance of the fron- not ask for or accept so-called "mis- tiers, and rural work is becoming sion aid." This prejudice is ex- pretty much alike everywhere. Dis- plicable! Words change their pop- sertations on such themes as "The ular significance and meaning.

Modern Efficiency of the Country "Charity," for example, used to be Church" sound rather prosaic when a strong and self-respecting word compared to the more thrilling with little or no suggestion of con- tales of pioneer days. descension, almsgiving or dole.

These changes undoubtedly ex- Nowadays the worthiest poor re- plain, to some extent at least, the sent "charity" and abhor even the falling off in benevolent interest slightest idea of becoming "clients"

and giving, experienced by all of of some social service agency. It is the major denominations. Never- much the same with the word "mis- theless, the rural religious enter- sionary!" The term once stood for prise is challenged to vindicate pioneering, the heroic opening up sound theory which claims that ef- of hitherto unsettled lands, and the forts to increase the efficiency of building of new civilizations. But the average country minister and now the word has become too much his church will, in the long run, get of a label to indicate churches re- more permanent results than ap- ceiving financial aid. And churches

HAS THE DAY OF THE COUNTRY CHURCH GONE1

which have always been independ- sistance will be given or withheld ent, but are now fallen on hard according to the will and wish of times, are not likely to sue for certain individuals. So, with in- "mission aid." Thus, work which creasing frequency, some of the should be pushed more vigorously most needed and worthwhile than ever, and along new and ad- churches, prefer to die rather than venturesome lines, often' languishes ask for or receive "mission aid" or dies. administered in such a manner.

State ideas and procedures may State ideas and practice are adeindicate the way of escape from a quate to meet the situation. Devery real dilemma. The state frank- nominational funds might be raised ly realizes a tendency for popula- and administered in the same imtions and money to concentrate at personal manner, as supplementaurban centers, thus leaving behind tion or equalization funds. When depopulated and impoverished churches have raised a fair proporareas. It therefore creates and tion of the money necessary to semaintains special funds to help in cure privileges commensurate with matters of schools, roads and their needs and opportunities, they health. When these places have also would automatically become raised a certain percentage of the beneficiaries of funds created to funds necessary to meet local needs, stimulate that very achievement. they become automatically benefi- In lieu of all that country churches ciaries of state moneys set apart have given up from time immemofor the express purpose of supple- rial that city churches might live, menting their own. Such procedure such assistance could never be conis self-operative, self-adjusting, sidered "charity" or even benevoand works everywhere the same. lence. It would be sheer justice! Money is not given or received as The arrangement would be accharity. On the contrary, the meth- cepted as a just and equitable od is considered a just and states- method whereby churches everymanlike one. It enables peoples where might be helped to a leaderand communities everywhere to get ship, equipment and means, suffiand maintain institutions and priv- cient to guarantee to remote and ileges which guarantee the same impoverished churches and areas high levels of citizenship through- the same high levels of religious out the entire state. privilege now possible only to more accessible and well-to-do churches Like conditions in the field of and regions. rural religion argue for similar ideas and a like strategy. Church Comparisons with Modern Agriculture populations have always drifted cityward resulting in depleted and The fifth challenge to rural reliimpoverished country churches. gion and the country church is for Nevertheless, the latter are expect- a technic and attainment which can ed to cope with the most exacting stand comparison with those of the period of their history. The task great avocation of the countryside is an impossible one! Therefore -agricultUre. these churches must ask help, if they are to receive any, from some The rural church simply must state official or board. The trans- continue to exist and get results in action is highly personal, and as- the face of heavy odds. Its task is

rendered doubly hard because it is he will have little or nothing to do forced into daily comparison with with either. They will not be able the technic and achievements of to command his respect, following scientific agriculture and machine and support. farming. And few churches can bide the test! Nevertheless, they This challenge to efficiency does are challenged to do so. Two phases not belittle a primary need for conof this requirement are worth con- secration, spiritual mindedness, or sidering. religious fervor and devotion on the part of the rural minister. It In the first place, the rural does maintain, however, that coloschurch is bound to cooperate in sal piety can never do its perfect producing successful farmers. A work until it operates by means of noted economist cites the fact that a technic and program comparable according to a natural law there is to those of scientific agriculture. a tendency for the best lands to Nor is such efficiency alone matter pass into the hands of the most of ministerial efforts. The rural efficient farmer. Therefore, if rural minister has other needs than those America is ever to be evangelized of financial assistance. State offithe Christian farmer must be the cials are challenged to become best farmer." These statements sug- something more than mere placegest two queries. If the inefficient ment men and money getters. They farmer is even now being pushed themselves must become efficiency off the soil, will not a similar fate experts and field specialists interovertake the inefficient country ested and informed in a now well minister in a coming day of fewer established rural church technic. and better churches? Again, if evangelization of the countryside is New Conceptions a matter of making the Christian farmer the best farmer, must not The eighth challenge bids the the rural church be vitally inter- rural minister and the country ested in a successful agriculture as church acquire and practice right well as in the more distinctly spir- conceptions of both community and itual achievements? parish.

In the second place, the rural Accusation is made that the Protminister must be the peer of the estant Church has always possessedfarmer. Twenty-three per cent of two great weaknesses. It has not the people are now food producers. had a theory of parish based upon But the claim is made that ten per a study of the area to which it cent of the population of the United ought to minister, and it thinks in States will ultimately feed the nine- terms of constituencies rather than ty per cent. What does that sig- of populations. Parish, it is afnify? This. That ten per cent firmed, has never been a geographfarmer is destined to be the most ical concept at all, but has been the intelligent, highly trained, indus- sum of the church's supporters and trious, and efficient farmer that the adherents. Churches are primarily world has ever seen. There is chaJ- concerned abo u t "birth-right" lenge to the rural minister and his members, or about peoples of parchurch! Both must watch that ten ticular social levels or intellectual per cent farmer in method, equip- types. Families can live within ment, industry and results, or else easy distance of a number of churches and yet be no part of the

HAS THE DAY OF THE COUNTRY CHURCH GONE?

attentive concern of anyone of the same. According to the latest them. definition, a Larger Parish is "a Such faults are largely due to definite area, preferably one form- early policies of Home Missionary ing a natural community, where days when it was the custom for the religious groups join in a com- denominations to rush in pell mell, mon ministry, with a representa- all together, to occupy so-called tive council and a diversified serv- "strategic centers." Such irreli- ice."

gious competitions in turn begat This is a sound application of the two unpardonable sins of Prot- sociological discoveries. It is also estantism, viz., over-churching and following the lead of such move- over-looking. And, strangely, the ments as farmer cooperatives and second has always been resultant the consolidated school, and for from the first! Surveys show an similar ends. The Larger Parish almost universal fact! Whenever secures for the rural religious en- and wherever there is congestion terprise unity of action and a of religious privilege at village and larger area of patronage and sup- town centers there is always a cor- port. It makes possible better responding neglect of nearby and leadership and more ample equip- adjacent countrysides. ments. The cooperating peoples get Happily, the challenge to better together what no single group things is being accepted. A fact- of them might get alone. The pro- finding age, with its "survey meth- gram is a seven-day-a-week one, od," is fixing responsibilities for and considers the whole man and a newly discovered "actual commu- the entire life process. It is "com- nity" or "trade area." These com- munity minded," and seeks to dis- munities include both villages and prove the general accusation made their respective "town's land against rural churches, that very foundations." Catching step with few of them "are community sociology, enterprising ministers churches in the sense of actually and churches are perceiving that serving, or attempting to serve, all the "parish" must be identical with elements in the community and all these easily discoverable natural aspects of community life." It is communities. And services ren- also "activity centered," and at- dered by the rural minister and the tempts to do away with another country church must be to every weakness of the Protestant Church.

last soul living upon such an "in- "The most amazing thing about the habited area of land." country church is on how meager a program it can keep alive and satis- Ministry to Areas and Populations fied. Such a program costs very A final challenge to the rural little, and secures benefits for the minister and the country church is community that are proportional." to think and serve in terms of areas "Over-looking" is also to be banand popUlations. ished along with over-churching! The newer ideas of community Every individual and family living and parish are finding their best within the Larger Parish is not application in an increasing use of only to be discovered, but also made the Larger Parish. The latter is "a part of the attentive concern" perhaps more of a movement than of one of the cooperating churches, it is a technic and plan everywhere and of the Larger Parish itself.

AMERICA ENDURE

RELIGION?

BY THE REV. JOHN McDOWELL, D.D., New York Author of "The Fell_shi" vf Toil!'; Secretary 0/ the ROMd of National Mi8sions oJ the Presbytenan Church in the U. S. A.

N o ONE who knows history vantages which stable government will question the affirmation offers to the citizens, as a whole, that the religious need of and which orderly self-restraint the nation is its primary need. offers to each one, replace super- Until this is supplied the nation is natural sanctions and hold in check not secure and it cannot be free. the violence of masses and the self- A nation may exist without reli- indulgent impulses of the individ- gion but it cannot live without it. ual? History, if she cannot give a Experience has shown that reIi- complete answer to this question, gion is the most efficient of all fac- tells us that hitherto civilized so- tors in human history because it ciety has rested on religion, and furnishes at once essential ideas, that free government has pros- inspires great motives, controls so- pered best among religious peo- cial conditions and creates great pIes."

men. "Religion," said Daniel Web- Religion has a power that noth- ster, "is a necessity, an indispensa- ing else has to make bad men good, ble element in the life of a nation; to turn the profane to the holy, the there is no living without it." man unreal into the man most true.

Religion is the only basis upon Science has not that power, nor which a commonwealth that will has art. They are witnesses to the endure can be built. No amount of elevation of man, but they do not wealth or extent of culture has cause it. A noble religion causes ever given a nation strength when the elevation of man, creates his the religious element has been in science and his art. The forward decay. "Sometimes, standing in the movements of the world have been midst of a great American city," led by good men and women, per- says Mr. James Bryce in the Amer- sons made good by their religious ican Commonwealth, "one is star- ideals. History and experience tIed by the thought of what might prove that religion is the motive befaII this huge, yet delicate, fab- that turns the wheels of daily life, ric of laws and commerce and the inspiration that prompts self- social institutions were the founda- sacrifice, the force of will that re- tion it has rested on to crumble sists temptation and prompts obe- away. Suppose that all these men dience to truth, the aspiration that ceased to believe that there was develops character and guides con- any power above them, any future science. '-·'fII; before them, anything in heaven In America we are face to face or earth but what their senses told today with what may be called the them; . . . would man say, 'Let supreme moment in our history as us eat and drink, for tomorrow we a nation. It is the people who rule die'? or would custom, and sym- now, and unless God lives in and pathy, and a perception of the ad- rules through the people, the end 684 of all our struggles, the goal of all Democratization without Chris- our hopes and the boast of all our tianization is not sufficient to save progress wj]} be chaos, and chaos America. History shows that de- means death. No nation ever need- mocracy apart from religion is ed more than America needs the mechanical, powerless and lifeless high inspiration and guidance of -a form without a spirit. The an enabling and compelling reli- mere transfer of governmental and gious faith. social control from the self-seeking Socialization without Christian- few to the self-seeking many would ization is not sufficient to save not of itself be of any great benefit America. History abounds with to the nation or assure its endur- proof of the inadequacy of social- ance. Experience records the fact ization without moral impulse and that democracy apart from the spiritual power either to bring "fear of God" has always resulted about any permanent reform or to in failure, in disorder and in ter- account for it. The modern world ror. Lacking the spirit of Christ is beginning to see that no new leg- the Republics of Florence and Ven- islation win suffice. No new indus- ice yielded to dictators. For the trial system and changed economic same reason the first Republic of order in th~mselves will create the France passed through anarchy new social order which will insure and blood and then under the des- the endurance of the nation. There potism of the first Napoleon, and is no difficulty that cannot be over- the second Republic was easily come if one sets out with the right transformed into the empire of kind of citizens, but it must not be Napoleon Third.

forgotten that the chief sources of Democratization without Chris- our national and international tianity is not the way of salvation troubles are old-fashioned selfish- for a nation. Such a democracy is ness and ignorance. All efforts of a dead machine. Both history and socialization that ignore or evade experience demonstrate that de- the effects of selfishness and sin is mocracy cannot be worked without a socialization dealing with the a constant and practical recogni- symptoms of our social ills and not tion of the fundamental teachings its disease. What America needs of Christ, namely, the Fatherhood today is to be saved from the dis- of God, the brotherhood of man ease that is tarnishing its record and the infinite value of every hu- and impeding its progress; then in man soul in the eyes of God. When time the symptoms will take care democracy is based on these doc- of themselves. In laying the whole trines it is primarily a faith and stress on external conditions, in secondarily a form. Democracy is making these the main factors, the both a peril and a promise. With- chief element of the earthly para- out Christianity, it is a peril: with'

dise, socialization without Chris- Christianity, it is a promise.

tianization, is ethically imperfect Education without Christianity and inadequate to the purpose it is not sufficient to save America.

contemplates, n a mel y, that of Our fathers were wise in separat- bringing in a saved America ing the Church from education but wherein dwelleth righteousness, it does not follow that they intend- the only basis on which America ed to separate the Christian reli- can endure. gion from education. The effort to

do this has resulted in great in- be broken as soon as other ar- jury to both. If America is to en- rangements seem more profitable.

dure it must have the inspiration The Kingdom of God cannot be of religion and the restraint of claimed for America on any such education. "What God hath joined terms. The world waits for a de- together let no man put asunder," mocracy wise enough to rule and and experience is teaching us to- good enough to be trusted. It day that He has joined religion should be our prayer as Americans and education. To say that Chris- that such a democracy may be real- tianity has nothing to do with ized in America.

education is like saying that at- On the brow of the hill overmosphere has nothing to do with looking the bay where the Mayarchitecture. flower was moored they h a v e Character, rather than learning, erected a colossal statue of national is the primary need of a democracy significance. On the four corners that is to endure. Only as America of the pedestal repose four figures, is Christian can it endure. Social- representing Law, Morality, Freeization and education wit h 0 u t dom and Education. But above Christianity will inform America; these there stands erect the gigandemocratization without Christian- tic figure of Faith. Thirty and six ization will reform America, but feet she rises from the foot, which only as America is Christian can it rests upon a slate from Plymouth be transformed in a way that will Rock. With one hand she grasps insure its permanency. We shall an open Bible, and with the other never have a democracy in Amer- in graceful gesture she points the ica worth having on any other Nation to God. The only book she terms than those of Jesus Christ. opens to· the eyes of the world is He must be put into the thought the Bible-the book that has made of America, the conscience of the American Republic strong, and America, the relationships of the only book that can perpetuate America, the activities of America, it. The Bible has given us the only the spirit of America, if America true religion by which we have is to endure. Christ insisted that been led in our advances of liberty a nation's life, like man's life, con- and learning in the past, and the sists not in the things which it Bible offers us the only true relipossesses. Out of all the conflicts gion by which we can make progof abhorent forces it becomes clearer every day that the new ress in the cause of liberty and life order can only come to a nation in the future.

that has conquered animalism and God of our fathers, known .of old, has risen to the ranks of a brother- Lord of our far-flung battle line; hood founded on love and justice. Beneath whose awful hand we hold Mere social, political, economical Dominion over palm and pine; or educational conventions are like Lord God of Hosts, be with us yet, the treaties of nations-made to Lest we forget: lest we forget.

AS SEEN BY AN

BY PAUL AUH, Ph.D., New York Korean Dit:i8i(Jn~ Cornmittfc on PrifndtJj Rnlntions A mo'»g .Fo'rciyn Stttd(:nt8 T wo newly-arrived students in Men and the Elephant." Whatever America were engaged in an picture the present writer may argument about the price of paint of America can be only fragadmission to a moving-p i c t u r e mentary and not representative. theater. America is a paradox, a dilem- "How can that be possible," said rna. It seems to flourish outside one decidedly, "I paid fifty cents of logic, defying reason and disreonly yesterday to go into that the- garding consistency. The American ater, and yet you say you paid sev- scene is full of extremes, and conenty-five cents for the same thing!" fiicting and antagonistic tendencies.

The other retorted in a no less What is remarkable is that the firm tone, "The price sign called American people somehow seem to for that amount, and I complied find peace and calm in a life of with it." dualism. The typical American be- A third student came up and ing a realist, a pragmatist, seems asked what the argument was to gather enough harmony and about. When informed, he said: complacency in these inconsisten- "You are both wrong. The real cies. price is thirty-five cents. You fel- The visitor from the Orient finds lows being strangers here must in America opposing factors that have been cheated." baffle him. There are here two dynamically opposed philosophies The truth was that the three had of life, that taught by Western gone to the theater at three dif- civilization and that based on the ferent times when the admission teachings of Jesus. The contrast price was different: Weekday mat- inee, 35 cents; weekday evenings, becomes bolder because of the exag- 50 cents; Saturdays and Sundays, gerated emphasis upon material- 75 cents. All three students were istic philosophy. right, but only in part. This Western philosophy of life This incident roughly illustrates has taught the people of the West the difficulty of attempting to write to be acquisitive, aggressive, opon "An Oriental View of Christian pressive, individualistic, selfish, America" and describe any people dominating, and exploitative. It or culture. It is a difficult task but has nurtured the people on the it is doubly hazardous to attempt "Get-as-much-as-you-can" principle to characterize a country as vast of life; it has elevated hedonism and as complex as America. At to the throne of God; it has glori- present America is more like a fied force as the supreme virtue of "stew pot" than a "melting pot," man; it has exalted conquest as the and this complicates the situation highest achievement of mankind. still further. The foreign visitor is, Side by side with these rules of thus, unduly exposed to the danger conduct is a code of ethics set up of being like one of the blind men by Christ and directly opposed to in the story of "The Seven Blind the principles of materialistic civil- 687

ization. Christ taught a religion of sal peace and Christian brotherlove, self-sacrifice, humility, and hood, and yet their government renonresistance. It's system of ethics fuses to join the most useful agent is built upon the spirit of "Love of international conciliation and your enemy," and "Turn your other world peace. It is difficult for the cheek." It condemns brute force as Oriental mind to understand how base, hatred as inhumane. any people that recites day after day the petition, "Forgive us our These two systems have been trespasses as we forgive those who compelled to live side by side for trespass against us" can be a party the last twenty centuries. There is to lynching. no reconciliation between the two. They are incompatible. As a re- What is most baffling to the Orisult the West has attempted to live ental visitor is that the masses of a dual life, abandoning neither the American people are not conphilosophy and not fully accepting scious of such a dual living. Their either. complacency is a wonder.

Evidences of this dual standard The Oriental Christian is hurt of life abound everywhere. The for two reasons. First place, behistory of America especially cause he is an Oriental. His life abounds in examples. Here a for- and his religion are one, merged eigner finds the most kindly sort into his everyday conduct. He is of people, hospitable, thoughtful, taught to respect elders not as a sympathetic. But, on the other mere abstract theory, but as a hand, America is unanimously con- moral rule. He is instructed to redemned by the visitors from the gard wisdom as the highest way of East as· the most race-prejudiced, life, not as an idle principle. When un-Christlike country in the world. he is introduced to Christianity as Here one finds millions of dollars the religion of love, he takes it at spent for charity, both at home and its face value. The missionaries abroad, for public service, for mis- from the West show him the virtue sion work in foreign lands, and for of the Sermon on the Mount, and if many other types of work, and yet, he accepts its principles it becomes in contrast the foreign~r discovers his moral standard of conduct, and the most inhumane methods of not merely a set of beautiful ideals money-making, dollar-extracting, to be admired. and a mad lust for gold. The Oriental is deeply impressed with such Second, an Oriental is hurt in expressions of Christian devotion America because he is a follower as that stamped on coins-"In God of Christ. He keenly resents any We Trust." He witnesses the rep- abuse of Christian teaching. When resentatives of the people assem- he hears such expressions as bled in the Congress bowing their "lynch him ;"1 when he is called heads in prayer before making their deliberations, and then is as- :'Chinaman," in an offensive way;' tonished at the ease with which IS separated from other worshipers force is adopted as an instrument and is given an entire pew to himof national policy in its dealings with weaker nations. Teachers and 1 Refers to the meldent whiCh occurred in the preachers, leaders and other thinkers expound the benefits of univer- Cathedral of St. John the Divine In connection with a controversy between Judge Ben B Lin- say and Bishop Manning. .

'Refers to an incident in a New York City church.

AMERICA AS SEEN BY AN ORIENTAL

self3 in the temple of the God of In the meantime, the rest of the Love, it saddens and hurts him. world runs rampant.

Has the American Church ener- There are signs that the Amergetically combated the influence of ican Church of today is waking up. materialistic civilization? Unfor- It begins to see that religion must tunately it seems clear that the exert influence on the whole of life. Christian Church in America has Christians are accepting the chalfailed to bring a harmony between lenge of life issues and are comthe two divergent theories of life. bating evil influences instead of It has not succeeded in stemming retreating. A new dawn seems to the mighty torrent of materialism; be coming, and there are new reainstead, it has largely been swept sons to hope that the Christian reaside by the currents of material- ligion will ultimately build the istic teachings. Before the impos- Kingdom of God on earth. But the ing, glittering Towers of Babel, enemies are powerful. Will the the little temples of worship seem American people, who have been colorless and insignificant. Before nurtured with the milk of material the stampede of the powerful army comfort, be able to enjoy the life of mechanical civilization, the that Jesus lived? Christian Church seems to maintain its existence only by retreat- America may build the finest ing, conceding, and conforming. temples of worship, spend millions To the Oriental the American of dollars in Christian work, de- Christian Church seems to be an liver the finest sermons from its institution deprived of its soul and pulpits, produce the highest kind vital power. The living spirit of of literature on Christian dogmas, Jesus Christ seems to have been persuade everyone to attend church lost. The people are drunk with the services, and yet the real spirit and sweetness of material comfort. The soul of Jesus and His teachings Church has inherited a set of reli- may ultimately be found not in the gious dogmas and rites which mean West but in the East. less and less. The Christian religion has largely become class and The writer is not unappreciative race religion with purposeless and of the many American men and intermittent church-going. Reli- women who are the finest types of gion and life have grown apart. Christians. He has met here many kind, understanding, devoted, ear- 3 Refers to an incident in an Iowa church. nest Christians; but America as a whole is not Christian.

WHERE YOUTH ARE WANTED Dr. John R. Mott indicates seven lines of need for youth in active missionary service: (1) to fill important gaps in the missionary ranks; (2) to succeed competent missionaries who must soon retire because of old age; (3) "to supersede relatively incompetent workers;" (4) to reinforce the present staff in many fields in order to prevent the physical breakdown of over-worked missionaries; (6) to adequately man existing institutions in order to make their service more effective; (6) to give expert help in lines of specialization; (7) to enter totally unoccupied fields.

Western students raise the question: "Granted that we may be needed on the mission field, are we wanted there by the natives of the country?" This inquiry has been put to leading nationals in the Church in every mission field. Dr. Mott states the conclusion thus: "In all fields, occupied by three-quarters of the inhabitants of the non-Christian world, native Christian leaders without exception state that they both need and want more missionaries from the West, but they Bpecified that theBe must be the be8t that EurrYpe and America can provide."

4

BY MRS. F. 1. JOHNSON, 150 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW

CHRIST AND THE VILLAGES IN And Jesus with his disciples with- drew to the sea: and a great multitude SCRIPTURE AND SONG from Galilee followed: and from Ju- dea … hearing what great things he For use with study book: "Christ did (Mark 3: 7-8). Comes to the Village." Song: "Glorious Things of Thee And Jesus went about all the vil- Are Spoken." lages teaching, and preaching and healing (Mat. 9: 35). And it came to pass, that he was going on the Sabbath day through the Song: "The Great Physician." grainfields; (Mark 2: 23).

And passing along by the sea of Song: "Far and Near the Fields Galilee, he saw Simon and Andrew the Are Teeming." brother of Simon casting a net in the sea: for they were fishers. And Jesus And in the morning, a great while said unto them, "Come ye after me, before day, he rose up and went out, and I will make you to become fishers and departed into a desert place, and of men" (Mark 1: 16-17). there prayed (Mark 1: 35).

Song: "Where He Leads Me I Will Song: "The Beautiful Garden of Follow." Prayer."

And seeing the multitudes, he went And it came to pass soon afterwards, up into the mountain: and when he that he went about through cities and had sat down, his disciples came unto villages, preaching and bringing the him: and he opened his mouth and good tidings of the Kingdom of God taught them, saying, (Luke 8: 1).

Blessed are the poor in spirit: for Song: "Hold the Fort." theirs is the kingdom of heaven. Now as they went on their way, he Blessed are they that mourn: for they entered into a certain village: and a shall be comforted. certain woman named Martha received him into her house (Luke 10: 38). Blessed are the meek: for they shall inherit the earth. Song: "Let the Saviour In.''

Blessed are they that hunger and thirst And he went forth again by the sea after righteousness: for they shall side; and all the multitude resorted be filled. unto him, and he taught them (Mark 2: 13). Blessed are the merciful: for they shall obtain mercy. Song: "Peace Be Still."

Blessed are the pure in heart: for And Jesus went forth, and his dis- they shall see God. ciples, unto the villages of Cresarea Phillipi (Mark 8: 27). Blessed are the peacemakers: for they shall be called sons of God. Song: "The Old Rugged Cross."

Blessed are they that have been per- They (His disciples) therefore, secuted for righteousness' sake: for when they had testified and spoken the theirs is the kingdom of heaven. word of the Lord, returned to Jeru- salem and preached the Gospel to many Blessed are ye when men shall re- villages (Acts 8: 25). proach you, and persecute you, and say all manner of evil against you Song: "Lord, Speak to Me." falsely, for my sake.

Rejoice and be exceeding glad: for great is your reward in heaven: for so persecuted they the prophets who were before you (Mat. 5: 3-12).

690

METHODS FOR WORKERS

And again he began to teach by the Jesus withdrew from thence in a sea side. And there is gathered unto boat, to a desert place apart: and when him a very great multitude, so that the multitudes heard thereof, they folhe entered into a boat, and sat in the lowed him (Mat. 14: 13). sea (Mark 4: 1). Song: "In the Secret of His Pres- Song: "The Life Line." ence."

And it came to pass that he went Woe to him that buildeth a town out into the mountain to pray; and he with blood (Habakkuk 2: 12). continued all night in prayer to God (Luke 6: 12). Song: "Lest We Forget."

Song: "In the Garden." And wheresoever he entered, into villages, or into the country, they laid And as he entered into a certain the sick in the marketplaces, and bevillage, there met him ten men who sought him that they might touch if it were lepers (Luke 17: 12). were but the border of hi,s garment: and as many as touched him were made Song: "Where Are the Nine?" whole (Mark 6: 56).

There arose a great persecution and Song: "Song of Galilee." * they (all of His disciples) were scattered all abroad throughout the re- Each gentle dove and sighing bough gions of Judea and Samaria … and That makes the eve so blessed to me went about preaching the word (Acts 8: 1-4). Has something far diviner now, It bears me back to Galilee. Song: "Faith of Our Fathel's." Chorus And he went on his way through cities and villages teaching (Luke o Galilee! sweet Galilee! 13: 22). oWhGearelileJee!sussweloevtedGasloileme!uch to be: Song: "We've a Christ for the Vil- Come sing thy song again to me! lages." (Tune: "We've a Story to Tell to the Nations.") Each fiow'ry glen and mossy dell, Where happy birds in song agree, We've a Christ to take to the village, And tell them of God's great love; Through sunny morn the praises tell A Christ who died to save them, Of sights and sounds in Galilee. A Christ who reigns above, A Christ who reigns above. And when I read the thrilling lore And the darkness shall turn to dawning, Of Him who walked upon the sea, And the dawning to noon day bright, When we take Christ to the village, I long, oh, how I long once more With His message of love and light. To follow Him in Galilee!

• Words by R. MorriS, LL.D.; Music by H. R. Palmer.

WORSHIP THOUGHTS OF A FURLOUGHED MISSIONARY A missionary sits alone in the crowd, thrilled by a harmonious beauty of the Christian Cathedral that dwarfs the shabby wonders of the East. A letter is in his pocket: •….. "We deeply regret finances do not permit your return to the field."

What would that stooped old Indian village Christian think of this delicate symmetry of the chancel carving? ….. What richness of organ and choir voices …… The cost of that organ would endow the school forever. What a processional of consecrated young lives that would mean!

Foolish dreams! …… Poor B-, out there alone……. Just a boy trying to do a pastor's work in a village full of ignorance……. So many problems …… Why didn't I wait until next year to take my furlough?

What a gem of a window! I hadn't seen that before. How unique, and how it fits the niche among the arching pillars, ….. Could anyone help worshiping here?

After all, the mud village is so minute, so unimportant. This is the very Presence of God!

What's this dull ache in my heart …… ?-George B. Garden, En Route to India, June, 1!J31, The Chri8tian Advocate.

WOMAN'S HOME AND FOREIGN

EDITED BY HELEN M. BRICKMAN, 105 East 22d Street, New York Council of Women for Home Missions- FLORENCE G. TYLER, 419 Fourth Avenue, New York Federation of Woman's Boards of Foreign Missions of North America AN UNTOUCHED MIGRANT FIELD shoes, and food. What a Mexican should be paid is just enough to live on, with BY EDITH E. LOWRY maybe a dollar or two to spend. That's all he deserves. If he is paid any more In a study of Mexican labor in the he won't work so much or when we need United States made recently by Paul him; he's able to wait around until we S. Taylor, of the University of Cali- have to raise the price above what's fornia, we discover ·something of the legitimate.'

extent of a migrant field, to date un- "The pressing need for Mexicans in touched. In Dimmit County, Texas certain seasons is indeed some protecthere has been developed a cycle of tion to them. As was said by one crops including corn, casaba melons, grower who regretted that their cotton, egg plant, peppers, squash, wages are not higher, beans, spinach, lettuce, beets, broccoli, onions, citrus .fruit, strawberries and " 'The Mexicans' only protection is that cantaloupes. The laborers used in the they are the only labor available, and cultivation and harvest are for the you can't treat them too badly and hold most part Mexican and many are mi- them. The relations between Mexican grants. laborers and American employers are fine, and are regulated under economic, The peak seasons when the migrant not personal pressure.'

is in demand are from late October to "The attitude of Americans toward January and during April and part of education of Mexicans within their May. Here, as in other sections, the midst exhibits a wide range. The Mexican is making an inestimable con- dominant view is the one expressed by tribution to our national life and yet an onion grower: -what does he receive in return! "'The little education they get in the The following excerpts from this schools here spoils them, and makes them study reveal some of the difficulties trifling. They become peddlers and bootthe Mexican is facing. leggers, or seek some easy way of mak- ing a living. They don't want to do this "The view that 'the lesoS you pay (onion-clipping) or other work. Some them the more work you get done' is of them are bright, and get a good educommon among south Texas farmers. cation at San Marcos (colleges) or some The grower next quoted outlined the other institution, and are fine people. position in detail. Not knowing my They should be taught something, yes. identity, but suspecting my northern But the more ignorant they are, the origin, he voiced doubt that I would better laborers they are. The law which understand the point of view: keeps them out if they can't read (liter- acy test) keeps out the best laborers and " 'I saw an article by a northern woman; lets in the worst. If these get educated, she gave it to the farmers here pretty we'll have to get more from Mexico.' hard. Perhaps I'm talking to the wrong man; if you are from the North you "Another observed, won't understand. The Mexican is getting paid about four bits too much; he "'The white children are in school and gets from $1.50 to $2 a day. He should the Mexicans in the fields. The whole get about 3il. When he has a dollar in community wants to make a living and his pocket he won't work. You get more get rich out of Mexican labor.'

onions transplanted at 5 cents a row "A merchant who, like the grower tnhaatnureyoouf dthoe aMt e1x0iccaenn. ts.HeInt'esedjsusatbtohuet I~t quoted was unsympathetic W.Ith $8 a week, if he has a family, for clothes, thiS point of view, said: 692 "'They seem to be afraid that if they "'Because a – – – greaser is not fit learn, they can't handle them as well as to sit beside a white girl. Anybody who they do now. They seem to be afraid wants to get into trouble around here they will unionize and ask higher wages. can just try to put them in the same Some farmers are afraid that if the school. A man would rather his daugh- Mexicans are educated they will want ter was dead than that she should marry to buy land. Well, why not? They are a Mexican. The Mexicans are too dirty entitled to it. and filthy. If they separate in school the children learn the difference and they "Religion was cited both for and won't mix with the Mexicans. Of course, against the education of Mexicans if they contend for it, we will either have . . . It was a descendant of the earli- to take them into the school or else est settlers of the county who invoked build them another.' religion in favor of their education. "Separation is maintained even "'These people should have recogni- when admittedly uneconomic. As a tion, I say. They should be educated, -school official in one town stated, but it will have to come from some one that feels truly the need of the Bible "'We are going to build a new high quotation, "Do justly, love mercy, and school, and would have room to take the walk humbly before thy God.'" Mexicans in a (separate) room (in the American school), but the board is "Another south Texan with a strong afraid of public sentiment and will not religious strain, who had lived in the do it. They say they will build a sepacounty since cattle days also invoked rate school (for the Mexicans). It isn't the moral and religious appeal: economic.'

"'The Americans do wrong to the "An old woman opposed separation: Mexicans. As a Christian people we 'When we die we are all the same.''' should see that they are educated.' YENCHING CHAPEL "School authorities and teachers, like the general American population The Rural Evangelist Speaks of the county, were divided in their views. Some who did not favor edu- A recent Sunday morning service cating Mexicans have already been of worship at Yenching University quoted. Generally the teachers of was especially impressive. Dr. T. C. Mexicans thought the Mexicans should Choa, University Chaplain, was in be educated, and chafed under inade- charge of the service. The speaker, quate facilities, although one said in Mr. Tsai Yung Ch'un, was a young a bewildered sort 'of way, man with a fine spiritual face. Mr. Tsai was formerly a student at Yen- " 'I have wondered why they don't en- ching, having been graduated last force the attendance law. I see numbers June. For some months he has been who.have never been to school. We now working as a country evangelist for have more than we can do justice to. the American Board Mission in the We don't have time to do as good work villages around Paotingfu and Tinghas in the American school. If they went sien. As he told of the needs of these to school, it would raise their standard rural people and tne insistent call of of living, but of course onion work is service for them, his face revealed the what we have for them to do.' deep sympathy which he had for them, the Christian love which filled his "From a tenant farmer in a district heart, and the desire to give all, that with one school admitting only Amer- he might bring t[) them the uplifting icans came the most vigorous and emo- power of J eBUS Christ. tional utterance which I heard. In response to an inquiry as to why Mex- He told of how when he was about icans were not admitted to their to leave a certain village, word went school, put as mildly as I knew how, around among the church members, he flared back a reply charged with and that evening a number of them race, sex, and class antagonism: gathered at the house where he was staying. They were unable to express

the feeling that filled their hearts. voice saying, 'Be Jesus to them. Move They asked him to lead them in sing- among them in the way the Heavenly ing, "God Be With You Till We Meet Father would-that is your message.' " Again." Then for a long time they talked together. Finally one of them We were told that over eighty per suggested that they pray together. cent of the Chinese population belong Mr. Tsai said: "I prayed. I felt it to the peasant class. About ninety hard to leave them, for I don't know per cent of the whole population are when or who will come again to this rural people. "What is China but this village to be their helper. I could rural mass? If you want to save only put them in the care of our Fa- China you must save the masses. They ther. After my prayer, every one of are the real China." them prayed. So although the village homes are unheated, village life is In closing Mr. Tsai said, "I would warm. Oh, how I love that warmth!" like to present to you a word from Jesus: 'Unless a grain of wheat falls With great earnestness Mr. Tsai on the ground and dies, it remains told of the needs of these village pec just one grain. But if it lives, it yields pIe. He said: "The villagers are suf- a great harvest.' " fering from ignorance, poverty, disease and sellshness, the four great I came away with mingled feelings enemies of China." of great sorrow because of the suf- ferings of China's millions, and great As a concrete illustration, he told of joy in my heart because of Christian a twelve-year-old girl who was so Chinese young men and women, such bright that after studying three as the one we had just listened to, months in a class she was able to read whose consecration, Christ-like love the New Testament. When Mr. Tsai and faith in God, and self-sacrificing came to the viJIage he said, "This girl service give promise of a better, must have a chance for further edu- brighter day for China-a day of cation." But when he visited her more equal opportunities, of brotherhome, her parents said to him: ly love, and Christian fellowship made "Teacher, you see this girl. When- possibl.e through the mighty working ever a teacher comes to stay in the of Jesus Christ our Saviour. village she drops everything and goes to attend the class. But we are poor THE AMERIOAN INDIAN farmers. We cannot afford to let her go. At home she ean help to spin and Study for 1932-1933 earn a few coppers a day." Those who have felt the need for Other instances of privation, lack an up-to-date presentation of the of opportunity, and suffering touched American Indian situation and have the hearts of his hearers, and as the hoped for a year of study on this subdepth of his sympathy and love for ject, wiJI rejoice to know that .The these people sometimes choked the American Indian will be the theme for words, I saw more than one of the the interdenominational home mission listeners wipe the tears away. books in 1932-1933.

After giving other illustrations, Mr. Because of changes in per.sonnel Tsai said, "These all are suffering and management, the Indian Service from problems which are rooted in has been in the public eye constantly ignorance, poverty, disease or selfish- for the pa.st few years, and so it is ness." particularly fortunate that the Mis- sionary Education Movement and "During my first days in Tingh- Council of Women for Home Missions sien," the speaker continued, "I was were able to secure the consent of Dr. tackling the question 'What message Lewis Meriam, one who is thoroughly have I for the villagers 7' After these conversant with all aspects of the situfew months of work, and in the face ation, to prepare the book for adults. Dr. Meriam, who was the Technical of I'llch Slffl)rings, I feel within me a

WOMAN'S HOME AND FOREIGN BULLETIN

Director of the Survey of Indian Af- A course book for Juniors, containfairs conducted under the Institute ing source materials and suggested for Government Research at Washing- procedures will be prepared by Miss ron, is a member of the Society of Katherine Gladfelter, author of "Un- Friends (Quaker) and has a deep der the North Star." There will also personal interest in the Indian mis- be a reading book for this age group sionary work of the Church. written by Miss Dorothy Cate of the staff of the Indian Department, Na- His book will not deal with the past tional Board of the Y. W. C. A. but with the future of missionary work among the American Indians. For primary children there will be According to the tentative plan which a course book, containing source mahas been outlined, such subjects as terials and suggested procedure, prethese will be treated: Social and eco- pared by Mrs. Florence Crannell nomic condition of the Indians, or- Means, author of "Rafael and Conganized effort for Indian advancement, suelo" and Mrs. James F. Riggll. understanding the Indian point of view, attitudes of white people toward The Home Missions Council and the Indians, what is to become of the Council of Women for Home Missions, American Indian in the United States, which through the Joint Committee on winning Indian cooperation, coopera- Indian Work place directors of relition with the Government, evangelical gious education in the large non-reserwork, missionary service to Indian vation Government Boarding Schools families and communities, relation of and cooperate with the Government in missionaries to education of Indian helping to bring about better condiboys and girls, personnel for the mis- tions of living for the Indians, will be sionary enterprise. In brief, the book able to supply helpful supplementary will fall into two sections, the first material for use in connection with part dealing with the Indian situation this study. as it is today and the second with the outstanding opportunities for Chris- HOW TO OBSERVE LABOR tian service. SUNDAY Mi,ss Winifred Hulbert, the author of "West Indian Treasures" has been BY JAMES MYERS spending the past months visiting the Indian schools and mission centers Mr. Myers ts Industrial Secretary, Social throughout the country with the pur- Service Commission, Federal Council of the pose of writing a book for young peo- Churches of Christ In America, ple which will attempt to reflect the thought and aspiration of Indian The Sunday immediately preceding young people about conditions among Labor Day has been set aside by the their people and their own future. churches as a special occasion for drawing attention to the spiritual and Arrangements have been made to human values involved in labor and publish an adventure story for Inter- industrial relations. The Social Servmediates entitled "Three Arrows" by ice Commission of the Federal Coun- Rev. E. Ryerson Young, of Canada, a cil has issued as usual a Labor Sunday missionary of long experience among Message which is requested to be read the Indians of western Canada. The from the pulpit on Labor Sunday, story is founded on fact, especially on September 6th. Many churches also the life work of Robert Rundle, and post a copy of the Message on the shows how the labors of the early church bulletin board or give out missionaries have helped to prepare c'Opies at the close of the service. The the Indians for the new day. A "unit" Message this year deals with economic course with suggestions for group security for the worker,s as a demand ,sessions and with background material of human brotherhood and stresses will be issued for leaders. the necessity of all forces in society now planning permanent preventives of unemployment, as well as meeting the problems of immediate relief. It

is a clear challenge to the churches to during the coming winter. Detailed take the leadership in promoting a suggestions may be had from the So- Christian 80cial order which will abol- cial Service Commission, but especial attention is called to the need of study ish unemployment.* in women's missionary societies, young people's groups and adult Bible classes Realizing that ,something more than of present social conditions, of the mere pronouncements are needed in principles upon which a Christian soorder to show the way toward this de- cial order should rest, and of suggestsired goal, the Social Service Commis- ed waya toward its accomplishment. sion, together with the Social Action Because of the comparative dearth of Department of the National Catholic available discussion material in this Welfare Conference, and the Social field, the carefully prepared "Discus- Justice Commission of the Central sion Outline on Unemployment,"t Conference of American Rabbis, held published by Association Press, will in Washington last winter a confer- be especially wei com e d by the ence on Permanent Preventives of Un- churches. This course includes sugemployment. The sixteen notable ad- gestions for practical projects in redresses delivered at the Conference by lief work by church groups as well as leading employers, economists, govern- supplying a discussion outline of the ment officials, labor leaders and church great economic problems involved in representatives are now available in building a Christian social order. It printed f'orm and supply a rich source includes also significant reference quoof information; Copies may be secured tations, source material and bibliogfrom the Social Service Commission raphies. Perhaps no one thing would at 50 cents apiece. do more toward promoting conscien- tious concern and intelligent, conatruc- The Social Service Commission re- tive action toward a Christian social quests also that special prayel'S be order than to have thousands of offered in the churches on Labor Sun- groups in our churches following this day for relief of economic distress and l!ourse of study and action during the for divine light and leading toward coming winter. It would constitute the building of a brotherly economic a most effective follow-up for Labor order in which there shall be such Sunday. economic security for the masses of men as shall promote the good life for REQUESTS all. Miss Helen M. Brickman, Director In many cities union services of the of Indian Work, Home Missions Counchurches are held–sometimes out- cil and Council of Women for Home doors in the public park-with special Missiona, returned from her recent speakers, an employer, a labor union trip to the Indian field with these releader, a minister, and perhaps a city quests. Perhaps you or your friends official. In any case, all ministers are may be able to help. requested to preach on the religious significance of labor and industrial The Friendship Club, composed of problems. Suggestions for sermon Indians living and working in Albumaterial and a bibliography have been querque, New Mexico, needs games prepared and may be had from the and music for an orchestra. They Social Service Commission. meet every other week, bringing their supper and spending the evening to- It Is particularly important that gether. There are usually about sixty Labor Sunday shall usher in a con- in attendance. tinuing program in the churches in social service and industrial relations *Additional copies of the Labor Sunday Mes- t'·UneIp.ployment. a Discussion Outline" presfige ean be obtained from the Commission on pared by Prof. Harrison Elliott. Prof. Erdman Harris, of Union Seminary, New York, Miss the Church and Social Service, Federal Coun- Nellie M. Day of Chicago, and James Myers cil of the Churches of Christ in America, 105 may be obtained from the Association Press, East 22nd Street, New York; price $1.00 per 347 Madison Avenue, New York. hundred, 4 cents per single copy.

At the government hospital at La- plies were carried by horses, mules, guna, New Mexico, both the doctor and oxen, which obtained their suband nurses pled for hymn books and sistence from the grass that grew not sacred records for a portable victrola. too plentifully along the route. Hav- ing passed beyond the limits of civili- Any of the above should be sent to zation, and having left churches and Mr. J. C. Ross, 324 Columbia Avenue, religious institutions behind, the re- Albuquerque, New Mexico. straints of the Sabbath were soon for- gotten by most, and all days were alike The children and young people at employed in a diligent march onward. one of the government hospitals near The company of which I was a mem- Riverside, California, asked for sto- ber, however, had halted for one or two ries and story papers. These may be Sabbaths. Stopping one Sunday near sent to Saboba Hospital, San Jacinto, where several routes converged, one of California. our company counted 197 teams that passed during the day. The idea of NOTICE losing our advanced position-for we had started early in the season-and The Department of Study of the Na- week by week getting farther and fartional Board of the Young Women's ther behind, was not relished. The Christian Associations is offering a best of the grass, if not all of it, would course on "The Social Awakening of be used up by those ahead of us. The the Churches, 1850-1930," under the absence of any religious services and leadership of Dr. Vida D. Scudder for other reasons were adduced against many years professor of English Lit- stopping, and those who were in favor erature at Wellesley College. of resting were in the minority. But after the day's rest, on resuming our This course is to be given once a journey next morning we were not a week for twelve weeks, beginning the little surprised at the rapid gait of our week of September 28th at the national teams as compared with those of other headquarters, 600 Lexington Avenue, companies. In two days we had over- New York, N. Y. The day will prob- taken and passed more teams than had ably be Tuesday or Wednesday and the passed us on Sunday; and all the week time suggested is either late afternoon through we added to the number. or a morning hour. There will be a When the next Sunday came around tuition fee of ten dollars. every voice was for resting all day, and so we continued to observe the Sab- Since it will probably be necessary bath all the way through. I afterward to limit registrations for the course, compared notes with other similar the Department of Study for Associa- trains that traveled every day, and tion Leadership will be glad to have found that not only were they weeks at an early date the names of those longer in performing the journey, but likely to attend with a ,statement as to that they had lost many of their cattle preference for a late afternoon or and horses in crossing the last desert, morning session. while the remainder were unsaleable when they arrived at the journey's end TEMPORAL VALUE OF SABBATH because in so poor a condition. Ours, on the other hand, all arrived in good OBSERVANCE condition and readily sold for a good price."-Bulletin, Woman's National Col. W. H. Paine, one of the engi- Sabbath Alliance. neers of the Brooklyn Bridge, gives this account: "Some years since, before a railroad was built or a stage line established across the plains, there was a large emigration to California over land. The necessary sup-

ORW-WIDf

JAPAN. CHOSEN opportunity to be taken? What it will mean to the whole Christian campaign, The P?ess and Religion in Japan especially in the country parts, to have the daily press carrying regular and ONE of the most significant features good Christian articles cannot be over- of the present religious situation estimated. in Japan is the growin~ publidty given by the press to religious news and ideas. The newspaper editor knows Peasant Gospel Schools in Ja.pan public opinion and would not provide such articles if he did not feel that WITHIN the last three years, peashis readers desired them. The Osaka ant Gaspel schools have become a Mainichi, the biggest paper in the definite part of the program of the country, has now a religious column Christian forces in Japan. They occuappearing two or three times a week. pyan important place in the 1931 plans It started this feature some years ago, of the Kingdom of God Movement. dropped it and re-started it in answer These schools are deemed so important to popular demand. The Y omiuri, an- that last April, the Kingdom of God other big daily, has a full-time reli- Movement conducted a conference for gious editor and two or three columns the enlisting and training of leaders of religious matter every day. Other for these schools. Those connected big papers frequently carry religious with such schools shared their ex- periences with others who contemplate articles. entering upon similar lines of rural In the provinces the situation is even evangelism.

more hopeful. One paper is paying The first peasant Gospel school in for material supplied, and is the pio- Japan was opened in Osaka as recently neer of what will be the usual proce- as 1926 by Dr. Kagawa and Rev. M. Sugiyama. It was inspired on the one dure in future, if the religious forces hand by the Danish folk high schools, and on the other by the dire needs of are prepared to take the opportunity rural Japan. It was conducted for thus offered. Christian writers get a one month, and the membership was generous share of space and have no limited to fifteen young farmers, who cause for complaint. came from as many different prefec- tures. The curriculum was divided The Japan Christian News Agency, into three general subjects: the hisa cooperative and interdenominational tory of civilization, rural sociology, body, is issuing two articles a week, and Bible. Its purpose was to train which are syndicated to about forty young men who would return to their papers. It is only limited financial home villages as leaders. This school resources which prevent an almost un- has been continued yearly under the limited expansion. With adequate leadership of Mr. Sugiyama and since backing there is no reason why it then several rural schools have sprung should not be possible to have a Chris- up.-A. R. Stone. tian news agency of equal status with other news agencies in the country, The Kingdom of God Campaign providing good up-to-date material to the secular press. Once such a goal is reached, the agency will be in a posi- tion to support itself and so make a THE emphasis in the movement this permanent contribution to the evan- year is put on the mobilization and gelization of Japan. Is this present training of the laity for active and ef- 698

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

fective service. Laymen's Training ADlerican FilDl8 a Menace Conferences are conducted for different parts of the empire. One has been MANY modern films are a menace held in Tokyo for Eastern and North- to the moral life of Japan and the ern Japan and one at Nara for Central National Christian Council of Japan and Western Japan. A total of 1,500 has been asked to take steps to secure laymen and laywomen attended these a stricter censorship on the part of the two gatherings. A high spiritual note police department in Tokyo. The chief was struck in each session. Japanese censor on his own initiative stated that their greatest problem is In order to project the campaign with the films from America. He said. into the unreached rural area with its that many of these films are highly 30,000,000 farming folk and its 12,000 detrimental to the morals of the Japunoccupied villages, short term peas- anese people and he hoped that the ant Gospel schools will be held in every National Christian Council would take possible rural district. The purpose steps to secure the stoppage of the of these schools is to train picked coming of these undesirable American young men and women from the vil- films. lages for Christian leadership in their own respective areas. The Executive Committee of the Council voted to call the attention of A "Training Institute for Peasant the Federal Council of the Churches of School Leaders" was held in Tokyo, Christ in America to this situation and April 9th and 10th and about 100 Jap- ask them to take every step possible anese Christian workers, laymen and to prevent the continued influx of unmissionaries especially interested in desirable American films into Japan. rural work attended this institute and acquainted themselves with the pur- This action was not inspired pripose, program and technique of this marily by missionary influence. The means of bringing the impact of the committee which called on the police Gospel to bear upon Japan's rural life. censor was composed entirely of Jap- anese. This protest against the type Abolition in Japan of American film coming to Japan is a protest from both Christian and non- EIGHT more prefectures have passed Christian Japanese. bills abolishing licensed prostitution – Fukui, Fukushima, Saitama, Effects of Newspaper EvangelisDl Akita, Niigata, Nagano, Kanagawa and Okinawa. THE newspaper evangelism method, in operation for a number of years, To date abolition has not been put seems to bring incalculable results in into effect, with the exception of Sai- reaching the people. In Tokyo, where tama where the last licensed houses a C. M. S. missionary is cooperating were actually closed on the 27th of with Japanese workers in this plan of December last. Saitama thus becoytles campaign, over 10,000 inquiries about the second prefecture in the empire to Christianity were received during free itself from complicity in this busi- 1930. One of the most important Japness, the other being Gumma where anese newspapers has welcomed arabolition was effected 36 years ago. ticles, and as a result applications for further news have come from all parts For the first time in Japanese legal of the Japanese Empire. Requests behistory a verdict was given in the ing received come mainly from young Osaka District Court declaring it no men of average education. crime to repudiate the debts owing to the keeper of a house of prostitution. Medical EvangelisDl in Chosen If this decision is sustained it will be epoch-making and will spell doom for T HE evangelists in Pyengyang Unthe system by which girls are bought ion Christian Hospital, Korea, under the specious pretence of making preached last year to thousands of in- ~ J9an.-E. C. Hennigar.

dividuals. About 110 showed signs of 60,000; probably one half have heard true repentance and a desire to become the Gospel. Christians. A Lay Evangelist A man who lost his eye in a fight some two years ago, became a Chris- To THE little village of Sol-Chang-i tian during treatment at the hospital (Wonsan District), there came one and went home where he led his wife day a young man who had been a and mother to Christ. He forgave his teacher in Mukden, Manchuria, but enemy instead of going to law for who had been compelled to return to damages, and this made a sensation in Korea in search of health. He was an his town. He is now an active and earnest Christian so he began to hold respected Christian. church services and one by one the families in the village were led to at- Another man, who is now a strong tend them. Today there is only one minister in the Presbyterian Church, family left in the village which is not was suffering with a boil on the neck Christian. His attention was also which gave him considerable pain. He drawn to the children who were growgave vent to his feelings with no un- ing up without an education. He orcertain sound, whereupon the doctor ganized a little school and began to said: teach them. At first he received no remuneration for this work, but later "Would to God you had as much the parents of his pupils offered to pain over y~lUr sins!" give him his food in exchange for his labor on behalf of their children. An That remark led to the transforma- interesting story is told of this man, tion of his life and a fruitful Christian that among other things he taught his ministry. pupils a temperance song and that their custom was to parade through Among Chinese in Korea the village every evening, singing it. As a result of this practice the saloons FOR many years the Federal Council in the village received less and less of Protestant Evangelical Missions patronage, until finally they were all in Korea has aided in evangelistic compelled either to close or to move work among the thousands of Chinese elsewhere. living in this peninsula. The Chinese themselves have given a total of yen ISLANDS OF THE PACIFIC 3,639.94 to this work. There are six established centers, all occupying their Ne…. Philippine Field own buildings. These are in Seoul, Chemulpo, Wonsan, Pyengyang, Fusan APART of the Philippine field which and Hokuchin. New work is being the Presbyterian Board has handopened in Chunju, with a Chinese- ed Over to the Baptists consists of the speaking Korean giving half his time, Palawan Islands, declared to be the with still another beginning in Taiku. mQst needy and difficult field of the Philippines.. Dr. Thomas, of the Bap- In three of the stations there are tist Mission staff, after two months' day schools, where 83 boys and girls careful survey, reports at least 100,000 are taught the Bible, and a few have pagans who have never heard the Gosbeen baptized. The pupils all come pel. They have no written language, from heathen homes, and many are are pitifully poor, without any medical bringing their parents with them to care, but eager to receive friends who the services, will guide and help them. Dr. 'Thomas recommends that Filipino preachers A preaching tour extending to the be sent there at once, later an Amer- Manchurian border disclosed 14 pro- ican to supervise. He urges a farm fessing Christians, representing Pres- school rather than bringing the peobyterians, Baptists, Anglicans, Salva- ple from their mountain sections into tion Army, Marshal Feng's army, and one each from Wonsan and Fusan churches. The Chinese are scattered throughout Korea, and number about

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

a town that is expensive and takes Celebes. Chinese are learning the them from their own environment. Malay language, and make excellent missionaries. The work has been greatly strengthened by the coming of a young Scotch- The Gospel for W orrora man, Alexander Sutherland, who has worked under the Baptist Mission of WHO are the Worrora? A tribe of Scotland in the Orkney and Hebrides aborigines inhabiting a corner of Islands. In addition to theological and Northwest Australia, numbering about Bible study, Mr. Sutherland has had 300 persons. All adult Australian training in tropical medicine, den- aboriginals speak several languages, tistry and house building, all of which their own and those of their neighbors will make him very useful in this new on either hand. Counting the neighfield. boring tribesmen who understand Worrora, there are perhaps one thou- Philippine Churches Unite sand aboriginals at present who speak this language. Worrora is a primitive, T HE Presbyterian, Congregational synthetic language, one where whole and United Brethren Churches in groups of thought are built up in long the Philippine Islands have united compound words, the despair of the under the name of the United Evan- translator. Rev. J. R. B. Love has gelical Church. The new church has translated the Gospel of Mark into a general assembly and conferences, this tongue. When it was completed, each with a moderator who acts as a and the story of the Crucifixion read traveling superintendent. There are in church, the eager interest of the elders and deacons in the local church- hearers was. a reward for the months es, with both offices open to women. of assiduous labor.

New Field in Dutch Indies NORTH AMERICA T HE little island of Bali has ac- Student Religion quired fame among scientists, because, with Asia ending at Bali and AQUESTIONNAIRE sent to 1,500 Australasia beginning at Lombok, an- ·students at Syracuse university other island only 15 miles beyond, the by two professors of psychology redifferences between these two islands veals the following facts: Eightare so amazing. Birds and quadrupeds twelfths of the 1,321 students replying found in these two islands, so close to hold unorthodox beliefs concerning the each other, are much more unlike than deity; three-twelfths are inclined to those of Britain and Japan. In this be liberal or agnostic; one-twelfth strangely fascinating island of Bali, tend toward atheism; only 24 students about the ·size of Corsica, there are are thoroughgoing atheists. In these about one miIHon people, mostly of the finding·s, the psychologists say, there Malay race, of whom about 150,000 is no evidence "that the effect of conare followers of a certain form of tinued study in college is to destroy Hinduism, and the remainder profess religious beliefs by supplanting them the faith of Islam. There are, how- with materialistic or mechanistic ever, some hundreds of thousands of views. The effect seems to be merely Chinese. Among these peoples no mis- one of liberalizing the individual sionary work whatsoever has been while he remains upon the side of done until recently, when the Dutch positive belief." It is interesting to Colonial Government consented to mis- note that nearly a fourth of 1,502 stusion work for the Chinese. So great dents rejected the miracles, one-half has been the achievement that the taking no definite stand, and one- Chinese converts now wish to have a fourth giving unqualified acceptance. foreign field of their own. Chinese Fifty-four per cent reply that some workers have accordingly been sent religious belief is necessary in order out to various centers on the island of

to lead a good life, while 28 per cent basic issues, and find something apsay only a code of ethics is needed. proaching unity of conviction, sub- sidiary questions of program and Congregationalists and Christians finance would take care of them-selves. -The Christian Century. Unite Forward Steps at the Christian En- THREE thousand leaders of the Congregational and Christian deavor's Golden Jubilee churches met at Seattle, Wash., June 25th-July 3d for a joint convention to T HE Golden Jubilee International ratify the union of the two denomina- Christian Endeavor Convention tions with a total of 1,050,000 commu- met in San Francisco, California, July nicants. After the ratification of the 11th-16th, with ten thousand young union and adoption of a new constitu- people present, broadly representative tion, officers we re elected to serve as a of the Christian youth and the three grand council for the purposes of man- million Christian Endeavorers of agement, this arrangement to continue North America. The new movements until 1935, when one directing head in Asia bulked large in the convention will be chosen. emphases. Toyohiko Kagawa of Japan was prevented from attending by ill- A Hopeful Methodist Conference ness. C. Y. Cheng, LL.D., moderator of the United Church of Christ in THE ten-day conference which the China, spoke on "The Changing Ori- Methodists have held at Delaware, ent," and said that China has "turned Ohio, is one of the hopeful recent de- the corner" in religion, and that the velopments in American Protestant- Church will again receive large enism. Confronted by the same problems listments. Edmund D. Lucas, D.D., of lessening interest and falling financ- Ph.D., president of Forman Christian es which confront most of the mis- College, Lahore, brought a stirring sion boards, the Methodist Foreign message of Christian progress in In- Missionary Society, instead of calling dia. World peace and interracial in the committee on ways and means, good will were stressed in addresses called in the committee on the state of by Colonel Raymond R'obins, Chicago; Christian thought. Instead of launch- Harry N. Holmes, field secretary of ing a campaign it set aside a period the World Alliance for International for -study. To take nearly three hun- Friendship Through the Churches; dred and fifty ministers, educators, Rev. Walter W. Van Kirk, New York, editors, laymen and women to a se- of the Federal Council of Churches of cluded spot for ten days of intensive Christ in America; Rev. A. E. Cory, discussion of underlying ideas and D.D., of the Disciples of Christ; and principles, without ten minutes being Rev. Wallace J. Anderson, secretary given to budgets, quotas or appeal of the Korean Christian Endeavor slogans, is a decisive break with the Union. promotional tradition which has ruled in the American denominations for A youth disarmament petition was years past. But it is a break long addressed to President Hoover, urging overdue, and of importance to all the him to use the new international law churches, now that it has been made. principle of the Peace Pact of Paris The Methodists brushed aside every- to cause our government "to take thing on the surface of their church leadership with a definite program for life to deal with underlying and ulti- the reduction of armaments." mate issues. They sought a ba-sis of faith rather than an outline of pro- The convention gave its heart to gram. Here, again, the conference the acceptance of Jesus Christ as perhad an importance more than denomi- sonal Saviour, to an enlarged program national, for if the forces of Protes- of evangelism and personal devotions, tantism would spend more time on to tithing and the -stewardship of abil- ity, and to the call upon some for full- time Christian service. The enlist-

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

ment of more than sixty for Christian Cruz on Sunday, June 20th. The new life work was received. enactment allows one priest to every 100,000 inhabitants, a total of eleven Leaven in Chicago priests to 1,100,000 population. A violation of the law carries a fine of THE largest Protestant church in $500. The Papal delegate to Mexico Chicago is said to be the North made protest to the President, but he Austin Lutheran Congregation, which made no response. In the meantime, a has 3,112 confirmed members and priest was killed from ambush in the 2,000 in its Sunday schools. It began town of Huatusco. At the funeral of eleven years ago with fifty-one mem- the priest a riot occurred in which bers. Rev. F. W. Otterbein, the pas- three officers of the law and two civiltor, explains this remarkable growth: ians were killed and many injured. The Governor of Vera 'Cruz states that There is no doubt that the personal he has received sympathetic letters work of the people out in the world is from governors of other provinces, responsible for the continued large who are considering the enactment of growth in membership. Our people and similar laws. workers are instructed not to ask others to "unite with the church," but to "come St. Luke'. Hospital, Pllerto Rico and worship," or, as Andrew used to put it, "come and see." When they attend '!'HE EpisC'opal Board reports that services tpe Holy Spirit begins to work. St. Luke's Hospital at Ponce, Puer- The yearly canvass provides the names to Rico, which was aU but destroyed in of all unchurched families in the district. the hurricane of 1928, has been re- These are placed on a mailing list and built and was opened on May 12, 1931. they receive church literature. For the The new building is of Spanish archipast five years the majority of the acces- tecture, and has a capacity of seventy sions have been "out of the world." beds. It was built and almost com- pletely equipped at a cost of about Boys' Prayer Meeting $145,000. A chapel is part of a sepa- rate building. St. Luke's is staffed FOR more than forty years a suc- by Puerto Rico doctors. The advisory cessful boys' prayer-meeting has board includes six professional and been held in Westminster Presbyterian business men of Ponce. The nurses' Church, Elizabeth, N. J. It was or- training school provides opportunity ganized in the '80's by Frederick K. for Puerto Rican girls from church Day, upon suggestion of the pastor, schools to enter a profession of great the Rev. John Gillespie, D.D., who de- usefulness to their own people. sired training and participation on the part of a large group of boys just Koreans in Cuba taken into church membership. This prayer-meeting has formed an impor- AGREAT community project at EI tant part in the Christian training of Fuerte, Cuba, has grown from a hundreds of boys, efficiently supple- little Sunday school started in a primenting the preaching of the pastor vate home by a graduate of La Proand the teaching of the Sunday schooL gresiva School at Cardenas. A day Seven members of the class have en- school was started, and a new building tered the ministry and scores have has recently been built. The day school become church officers. It has aligned will be used as a demonstration school growing boys to definite Christian for the normal department of Carstandards and aided greatly in solidi- denas. The church is joining with the fying their Christian characters, be- school in making this a center of comsides affording a training in the lead- munity service. This project was the ership of meeting·s, in the practice of means of discovering a family of public prayer and intensive study of Korean Christians who have been livthe Scriptures. ing in that section of Cuba for years. They have Bibles and hymn books in LATIN AMERICA Church Law in Mexico Causes Trouble 'fHE new law, governing the num- ber of priests which shall officiate in Mexico was put to the test in Vera

their own language, and have kept up be sent back to Chile. I had an uncomthe family altar. The parents speak fortable half hour trying to persuade the very poor ·Spanish, but they are now officials from putting into effect such a bringing their children to school and drastic and uncalled-for action. I asked Sunday school. them if they had ever read or seen the Bible, to which they replied, "No!" I The Indigenous Church offered them a copy and asked them to r.ead it, and see what kind of propaganda I was engaged in. They accepted the MANY problems arise in the forma- Bible and let me go. On my return I met tion of an indigenous church in the same officials. They approached me Peru. With them all is the consistent this time with quite a different attitude, aim to make the evangelical congrega- and remarked that they had been reading tion a constituent element of the com- the Bible with "mucho placer y promunity, and not a group apart. One vecho!'-much pleasure and profit.

-Alliance Weekly.

instance relates to burial in public Schools Close in Colombia cemeteries. Priests assumed the Catholic Church had sole rights; the evan- I N. SPI,!E of the financial depresgelicals refused the easier way of a SIon m Bogota, Colombia, the separate burial ground, thus marking American School for Boys has an enthem as a people apart; after a time rolment of 308 pupils. Rev. Walter S. Protestants were allowed burial in Lee, missionary of the Presbyterian public cemeteries and a precedent was Church at Bogota, writes that many established. schools have had to close because of insufficient funds to continue to oper- The school problem was another. ate, including government public Despite the fact that mission subsi- schools. dized schools would be superior educa- tionally and ethically to many schools EUROPE provided by the government, it was agreed that persecution and disabili- The Y. M. C. A. in Italy ties inflicted by fanatical Romanists upon children of Protestant parents THE general measure taken by the was preferable if, eventually, the chil- Italian police authorities with redren might be recognized as having gard to "all youth associations not ditheir equal right to education in the rectly dependent on the Fascist party" schools of the nation, without suffer- also affected at first some of the Y. M. ing religious coercion. The battle is C. A.'s, whose activities were suspendnot yet won, but it is being fought, ed. As soon, however, as the aims and not for motives of intolerance, but to character of our Movement were expreserve the principle which is at plained to the Ministry of the Interior stake, namely, the right ()f the con- and the local Prefects, this regulation verts to be Protestant Christians, was immediately revoked so far as without detriment to their rights as these Associations were concerned. Nationals. This is an additional proof of the es- teem and respect in which the Y. M. C. A.'s are held in Italy. In all coun- Bibles Called "Red" tries (except Russia) to which the Movement has spread it is considered THE Secretary of the British and as a constructive Christian force work- Foreign Bible Society for Chile ing for the moral and spiritual welfare and Bolivia had the f()Ilowing experi- of youth. ence: When the customs official was going Spezia Minion through my suit case, he threw on the floor English magazines, Bible Society MR. E. J. MADDOCK, deputation reports, and Bibles I had with me, and secretary in Great Britain for maintained that they were "Red" propa- the Spezia Mission for Italy, gives the ganda. I was told to prepare to get off testimony of an Italian pastor, unconat the next station…;..a frontier town-to nected with tbe Mission:

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK '705

"Tell the people of Britain that the ganizing congregations, editing their cause of Christ in Italy cannot do religious monthly, The Christian without the Spezia Mission for Italy. Union, distributing Bibles, Testaments While other people are doing good and tracts, attending to matters that work, there radiates powerfully from come up with the government, etc.

the Spezia Mission a singular sweet- The Union is practically the only ness and a fragrance of the Lord Protestant reading matter the leaders Jesus Christ which permeates the and members of the churches have.

spiritual life of the whole land." Unless funds are soon forthcoming The main work of the Spezia Mis- they will be forced to publish it only sion for Italy, whether it be in the once every two or three months. The meetings and services, the Bible Day movement has grown until there are Schools, the orphanage, or in a little over twenty organized churches, with meeting tucked away in some remote a combined membership of several corner ·of the Gulf or on the moun- thousand.

tains, is to lead boys and girls, and men and women to a saving knowledge Inconveniences in Bulgaria A of Christ. Attacks upon the Mission CRUDELY woven blanket weigh- ing forty pounds for a covering, have stirred many to see for them- selves, and real revival has followed. and a board laid on wooden horses for a bed, are considered minor details in A Visit to Poland Bulgarian villages where soggy black I N 1921, Rev. Jaroszewicz, a Pole bread, beans, and a few other vege- converted and educated in the tables form the diet of people. They United States, returned to his country spin their own clothing by hand and and began telling about Christ. His light their little oil lamps by holding a first convert was a fine, intelligent coal from the fire against the wicks woman who gave her home and its and blowing it into a flame to save sun;ounding land to the Union of matches. But these inconveniences Churches of Christ for an orphanage. mean nothing to the visiting mission- Mr. Jaroszewicz recently came to ary when he is able to preach in a America, seeking to enlist the aid of crowded room to attentive groups and Protestant churches, and following his number at timHS among his new fol- visit in Pittsburgh, Dr. R. N. Mont- lowers of the Way some of those who..

gomery of the Pittsburgh United Pres- prior to their reformation, were the, byterian Seminary, was appointed by village's worst citizens. "Now their- a group in that city to visit Poland, faces shine with faith and hope in and learn the facts of the movement. Christ," writes W. C. Oooper from He was most favorably impressed, and Philipoppolis, Bulgaria. Almost every'

found the leaders to be men of sterling family in one village has a Bible and character, zealous, but not fanatical, religion is the general topic of conver- making every sacrifice that the work sation in the coffee shops and reading might progress. The records and room. "It is a joy to work among routine were in sound condition. Pas- thHse people," Mr. Cooper adds, "one tors must earn their living, preaching forgets inconveniences when one sees on the side as they find time. people hungry for the message of The work now has its headquarters Christ."-Missionary Herald.

in Kobryn; eventually a building is to be erected in Brest-Litowsk, which World Conditions Reviewed I gives opportunity of reaching every N REVIEWING in detail the work of its missions in many lands the part of the country by the six railroads and six automobile roads which Presbyterian Board has this to say come into this city. In Kobryn, Dr. concerning the future: Montgomery found the leaders preach- The situation in Russia and the effect ing, visiting the different churches, or- of the ruthless anti-religious program of 5

the Soviet government again form the schools, medical schooJ.s, and colleges, outstanding feature of world news in the publishing and selling millions of field of religion. "Will Christianity defi- books and leaflets, establishing libranitely recede before atheism in the ries both permanent and itinerant, largest country on the European conti- putting on educational films in the nent? Will one-sixth of the civilized in- movies, and broadcasting instructional habitants of the globe go permanently talks from the giant radio statiun at pagan? Will the anti-religious impetus, Moscow. Last year ten million adults going East as well as West, engulf the were taught to read and write, most of first fruits of the harvest of Christianity them by volunteer leaders, urged on in China, Korea and Japan?" These are by Communist enthusiasts. Sixty per some of the questions which religious cent of the recruits for the Red Army leaders abroad are beginning to ask entered the barracks illiterate. Two themselves. or three years later they were ninety- five per cent literate. They are organ- The European churches are thoroughly izing study groups or "Red Corners" roused to the danger of the propaganda in every industrial establishment and that is sweeping over the Continent from classes and lectures in the "Workers Rusia, carried by radio, poster, pam- Clubs" and "Peasant Homes."-The phlet and motion picture to the most Churchman. remote village, and finding a ready hearing among the millions of unemployed AFRICA (Germany alone has 4,500,000 out of work now), many of whom have been Conference for African Children idle for a year or more, and are embittered against society and Church, as well THE International Conference for as against the state for their inability to African Children was held in Gecope with the world-wide depression. neva from June 22-25, 1931, with three hundred attending-including doctors, Russian Intolerance philanthropists, missi'Onaries, and rep- resentatives of various governments. ALL books and magazines are rigid- The International "Save the Children" ly censored, and the only news- Union organized this conference under papers are government controlled. missionary impetus. Three main ques- tions were dealt with: infantile mor- Most of the churches carryon services tality in Africa; education as it but the Soviet rulers seek to bring prepares children for life; and the about the eventual dissolution of the general conditions of child and youth church by turning the minds of the labor and the protection of child labor children away from God and the in Africa. church, and putting various handicaps upon the prosecution of active church Child labor in Africa presents an life. They have disestablished and acute problem in industrialized disdisendowed the church. They have tricts. The problem of infantile morclosed the seminaries. Religiuus in- tality is more serious and all reports struction of groups of three or more contain appalling figures; the percentchildren under eighteen years of age age is rarely less than twenty, while is prohibited. The priests cannot vote the most frequently recorded average and they receive no ration book to buy is between sixty and seventy. Such a food and clothing at the government situation can be met only by the joint stores. effort of all the colonial, native, educa- tional, and missi'Onary forces. Among No weekly activities, such as clubs innumerable causes-syphilis, tubercu- losis, children's epidemics, economical and classes, are permitted-nothing exploitation, native superstitions and customs were those most frequently but the carrying on of services of wor- discussed. This shows the necessity of ship.

The Communist government, des- potic though it be, is determined that everybody shall be educated (in every- thing except religion). They are build- ing schools, raising the salaries of teachers, giving free board and tuition to about half the students at technical

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

w'Ork in the field 'Of schaal and health th'Ority, either 'Of the missi'Onaries 'Or educati'On. even 'Of the G'Ospel."

The c'Onference decided t'O establish An A:frican Communion Service a center, under the directi'On 'Of the Internati'Onal "Save the Children" Un- OUR last c'Ommunion service (Sunian, in 'Order t'O carry 'On the inquiries day, May 24th) was the largest in and t'O c'Ollect d'Ocumentati'On 'On the the history 'Of the F()ulassi stati'On, ab'Ove and related questi'Ons. The In- West Africa. The Sunday before I ternati'Onal "Save the Children" Uni'On preached 'On Christ sending out the will be glad t'O send the res'Oluti'Ons seventy and I t'Old the pe'Ople that I v'Oted by this c'Onference t'O any'One ap- wanted seventy v'Olunteers t'O give a plying far them. wh'Ole week to pers'Onal w'Ork in the villages and t'O calling the unc'Onverted Revolt Against Authority in Africa f'Olk t'O come t'O the service. Over 'One hundred volunteered. I think that I N HIS rep'Ort 'On the missi'On fields they must have seen every man, w'Om- presented t'O the Paris S'Ociety 'Of an and child within a radius of 15 Evangelical Missi'Ons, M. E. Allegret miles of Foulassi. When such a gr.oup stated that the rev'Olt against auth'Or- .of c.onsecrated men and women went ity is 'One 'Of the seri'Ous problems 'Of f'Orth s.omething had t'O happen. I orthe day in Africa, as in other parts 'Of ganized 'Other groups, who were n'Ot the w'Orld. In 'Order t'O c'Ounteract it able to g'O, to hold little prayer-meetan attempt is being made t'O revive the ings each day t'O ask God's blessing on ancient religi'Ons 'Of the East. "Far the work that the 109 were d'Oing. the same reason," he said, "we are witnessing in Africa a revival 'Of the Last Sunday morning so many came 'Old paganism and same 'Of the really to church that there was no place to civilized people 'On the c'Oasts are re- put them and we had five 'Overflow turning t'O id'Olatr'Ous practices, t'O meetings. My wife had a meeting f'Or which they attempt t'O give s'Ome spir- 600 children in the girls' sch'Ool, Mrs. ituality by c'Ombining them with frag- Krug had a meeting at the dispenments 'Of Christianity. The rev'Olt sary, Mr. Krug held a large meeting against auth'Ority, the wave 'Of ma- at the boys' schaal f'Or the people wh'O terialism which is sweeping yaung and lived near Foulassi, for the people 'Old, men and w'Omen, 'On t'O the c'On- wanted to give the guests the good quest 'Of wealth and pleasure, the in- seats in the church. Our Foulassi crease 'Of alc'Oh'Olism and imm'Orality, evangelist held another meeting far the B'Olshevist pr'Opaganda for which F'Oulassi pe'Ople in the n'Ormal school the s'Oil is only to'O well prepared, the building and I held the service in the general unrest and unc'Onsci'Ous sad- church. There were 3,254 pe'Ople presness arising from the feeling that life ent, alm'Ost 1,000 mare than our larghas n'Ow no firm faun dation, the irra- est c'Ongregati'On in the past. When I ti'Onal and gr'Owing distrust 'Of the had finished preaching on the text white man, wh'O has last his 'Old pres- "Return unt'O me and I will return tige; all these fact'Ors …… are mak- unto Y'Ou," I called far all who wanted ing the missionaries' task far mare t'O return unt'O God to come f'Orward. difficult. The Christians themselves, One hundred and fifty pe'Ople came and especially those of the sec'Ond and third accepted Christ as their Savi'Our-41 generati'Ons, wh'O have not had to men, 51 w'Omen and 58 children. It struggle like their fathers to win and was a great day. Never bef'Ore have maintain their faith, s'Ometimes waver. I seen the Spirit 'Of G'Od w'Ork with Our missi'Onaries write that 'Our such power. Tw'O 'Of our new c'Onfeschurches are reaching the difficult age s'Ors are young men wh'O hold high where pe'Ople want to live their 'Own p'Ositi'Ons with the French administralives and d'O not easily accept any au- ti'On. The five strangest chiefs in this

section were present. That was un- but one said, uNo, Romans 8; for in usual as they neve}! come near the that chapter is recorded what God has church. None of them confessed but done for us in Christ, and we are aswe are praying that they will come sured that those monsters which have into His fold some day. slain their thousands cannot separate us from the love of God which is in The chief and government head-man Christ Jesus." who confessed at Nkumajap some time ago is an enthusiastic convert. He has Medical Work in Morocco released his women and is now showing others the Way.-Rev. Irvin W. SPECTACULAR success or impres- Underhill, Presbyterian Mission, West sive statistic,s rarely accrue to Africa. those who preach Christ in the North African territories once known as the Religions Training in Egypt Barbary States. Nevertheless, Dr. James Liley, son of the late A. V. THE general theme for a s:ries of Liley of the North Africa Mission, fourteen religious leadership con- feels that the soil is assuredly being ferences in Egypt this year was "Re- prepared for a plentiful harvest. Fez, ligious Education from a Theoretical ancient capital of Morocco, has a popand Practical Standpoint." Daily va- ulation of 120,000, more than twice cation Bible schools were also consid- that of Ta~gier, and possesses an anered. This movement is only two years cient Moslem university, where fully old in Egypt, but 59 schools were con- 1,000 young men are being educated ducted, a gain of 80% over the former in the tenets of Islam. In this strateyear. At least 2,360 students partici- gic center Dr. Liley, his wife and three pated, of whom 500 were Moslems. lady workers, find abundant scope for Every Sunday in Cairo more than 1,- medical missionary activities. That 500 boys and girls assemble in street the ministry of healing is breaking Sunday schools held in 26 localities. down prejudice, and opening doors for In Assiut, there are 1,800 in such Gospel testimony, is evident in many street Sunday schools and the total at- directions. Patients are now more tendance, including other cities, is ready to join in hymns at the services over 4,000. Bible lesson picture cards and to give heed to the Word. Dr. are a feature in each school. Many of Liley is often asked by the men to the children join the day schools. Of- attend the womenfolk in their houseten a street Sunday school is turned holds-a remarkable change of attiinto a day school and here the children tude as compared with former days receive a Christian education. Sheikh and French authorities allow full lib- Metry Dewairy is the field worker. erty for Scripture distribution and other forms of evangelistic work, ex- An Afriean'. Choice cept in certain military zones.

ANUMBER of evangelists were For "Starving America" gathered together studying the Scriptures. The missionary conduct- ,t N AFRICAN church has sent moning the class said: "SUpposing a robber came and threatened to take away ft ey to "starving America" ! Three all your goods, but gave you the option of choosing one article to keep. What dollars and seventy-seven cents has would you ask to have left?" All with- come to the Presbyterian Foreign out hestitation held up the New Tes- Board, from Batanga, Africa. It tament, saying, "This Book." The comes from a few native Chdstians missionary said, "But if the robber and is forwarded by Rev. Albert I: would not permit you to keep the whole Good, D.D., Presbyterian missionary of it, which portion would you pre- with the following letter: fer?" Most of them replied, "John 3": 4 m~nth or so ago there was a little art!cle In the Bulu n~ws s.heet, the Me/oe, tellIng of the hard tImes In America, and

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK'

indicating that there were actually peo- sionaries in China: 'The American ple in America who did not have enough priests are busy poisoning a nation to eat. This particular item caugh~ the which is in the process of regeneraattention of Pastor Eduma Musambl and tion. If America is sincere in her inhis son Musambi, who is an elder in the tention to help China, she must first church at Batanga, and they decided to recall her missionaries.' The same give something for the starving people in educationist also came to Turkey some America. They quietly told the church years ago …… and studied our edupeople about it, and entirely of their own cational system. When he returned to volition, a sum of money was gather.ed, America he passed the following judgwhich I enclose to you. I had nothIng ment on the activities of the missionwhatever to do with this matter except ariES in Turkey: 'The missionary to receive the money and transmit it. schools in Turkey are suspected of re- ligious propaganda; for this re:1scn A contribution of 16 cents was from they have lost their authority in all a widow who sold food to give it. the East and forgotten their educa- tional duty.' In no civilized country This is bread cast upon the water, are there religious schools. No civilreturning after many days. ized nation is willing to give its chil- dren to priests for education. But WESTERN ASIA imperialistic powers use these schools as tools for propaganda and conquest Turkey Getting in Step …… The most important duty of the new Turkey which is anxious for her 1'HE Turkish Government's interest independence is to stop the missionary in character training i,g seen in the activities which are the organs of imcourses introduced in the regular perialism. A secular government school curriculum on "Religion for the which has separated religion from Children of the RepUblic." These state cannot permit missionary and courses provide direct teaching religious schools. In Turkey no chance against cherished beliefs and customs, for existence must be given to misas, for example, magical or faith cure, sionaries." This is an evidence of the fortune telling, visiting graves to effect of godless education in America. make a wish, magic, lighting candles for the dead, the use of Arabic (which In Changing Peraia is not understood by the masses) in church services, and believing foolish GIRLS in the tenth-year sociology traditions. These "Religious Lessons" class at Iran Bethel School, conare really lessons in conduct, and are ducted by Presbyterian missionaries against things usually associated with in Teheran, have had a good many inreligion in that country. They advo- teresting experiences this year. They cate the use {If modern machinery, visited twelve government institutions, European science, cleanliness,' sanita- such as the government printing office, tion, scientific medicine, exercise; the the city insane asylum, an orphanage, acceptance of modern clothes, manner and finally, to crown the experiences, of eating, and civilization; the use of the head of the government airplane the vernacular and the separation of service invited the class to take a hop church and state. in his plane. These Persian girls a few years ago would hardly have been Turkey Anti-Missionary allowed outside the four walls of their homes. THE reactions against Christianity are still strong in Turkey. An INDIA, BURMA, SIAM article published under the title, "We Must Stop the Activities of the Mis- The Present Situa.tion in India. sionaries," in Son Posta, contains the following: "John Dewey, the educa- MR. RALLIA RAM, the late Mr. K. tional expert of America, studied for s'ome time the educational organiza- l T. Paul's successor on the Nation of China. When he returned to tional Committee of Y. M. C. A.'s of America …… he passed the following judgment on the activities of the mis-

India, Burma, and Ceylon, on his way large mission boards find their fito the Y. M. C. A. World Conferences nances reduced to such an extent that in the United States, made the follow- retrenchment on a large scale has been ing comments on the situation in In- forced upon them. dia: Making the Most of Life One of the most important tendencies in India is its rapprochement with SOME years ago Dr. Sam Higginother great nations of the East, more bottom received the following especially in matters of intellectual letter from Prof. N. A. Nitale: and cultural value. In February, there met at Lahore the first Pan-Asiatic "I am an assistant professor of bi- Congress vf Women, and an Asiatic ology in Wilson College, Bombay. The Teachers' Congress has just met for doctor has just told me that I am a the first time in India. This shows leper and must give up my work here that Orientals are becoming less in- at once. Will you receive me into terested in the West and more inter- your institution and let me do some ested in Asia itself. work for my suffering fellow men while I have yet strength 1"

The Nationalist wave passing over He was admitted and immediately India is not the first ()f its kind. set up a laboratory where he has Every ten years, it has been noticed, worked out several valuable tests. He there is a great renaissance of the has discovered that most lepers have spirit of liberty. What is new is that hcokworm, malaria or some form of for the first time this movement has intestinal trouble, all 'Of which must no religious coloring. The great ma- be eliminated before there is any hope jority vf Nationalist youth is hostile for cure. Not content with this great to religion. This is no reason why service he has organized a training Christians should not take an active school composed of young men and interest in the Nationalist movement. women who have been cured of A Christian Nationalist Party has leprosy. These young people are be- recently been formed. Its principles ing trained in laboratory work so that are as follows: "Indian Chri8tians they can go out and help in other in- must give their help to the national stitutions where they are sorely movement; they must take their full needed. In order that the training, share in the sufferings of the people; which requires about three years, may they must participate in the political be as thorough as possible, Professor life of their country; they must re- Nitale requires the study of English, nounce demands for special and legal mathematics, physiology, sanitation privileges for their community." and the elements of chemistry and bi- India's Latest Census ology, all of which he himself teaches.

FIRST information is now available At Miss Sorabji'. Grave regarding this year's census of India. The total population of this great "BESIDE her grave many lost all land is now 351,000,000, an increase fear of death as divider and of 32,000,000, or ten per cent in ten years. Judging by the preceding cen- conqueror," writes Miss Susie Sorabsus, the Christian population, includ- ji's sister from Poona. "Canon Butching Protestants and Catholics, proba- er of Bombay conducted the services which were attended mostly by non- christians. A wonderful thing hap- bly will show a thirty per cent in- pened. Naja, a lovely Parsee girl came crease, bringing its present total to forward and asked Canon Butcher to over six millions. Rejoicing is tem- announce that she wanted to be bappered by the fact that there are 30,- tized. It was a marvelous piece of 000,000 more to be evangelized now courage for her own Zoroastrian comthan there were ten years ago. Add to munity was there in greater numbers this the fact that nearly all of the than 'One wculd find them anywhere

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

else. The persecution has begun al- Siamese, form a Christian Literature ready. Her relatives and the high Committee, whose attention is devoted priest threaten her and alternately largely to translation. A prominent bribe her. The worst to face must be Siamese lady has revealed herself as that which I heard a relative shouting a poet of sufficient ability to compose at her: 'If you are baptized you will correct Siamese verse, and has pre- do a great wrong to one whom you pared some suitable adaptations of the profess to love. You say you love Miss Psalms for use in praise service.

Susie! You know how she loved her work, and St. Helena School. If you CHINA become a Christian, we'll wreck St. Mass Education Experiment Helena. We'll empty it. If you stay a Zoroastrian we will pack it so that REPORTS -of the ten year rural exit will have to be enlarged still more, periment, inaugurated by Y. C. a wonderful memorial to Miss Susie Jame-s Yen as a mass education movewhom we all love.' Again they urge ment show that the first year's enrol- 'at least be a Christian in secret, not ment in elementary schools is 14,210, openly, not baptized.' She needs our exceeding the quota set by the moveprayers."-A letter by Miss Cornelia ment by more than 4,000. Next year Sorabji. the goal is "no less than 30,000 young men and women." Economic education Si8.D1 Sends Musionar), has been progressing steadily and health education has begun. T HE Siamese are sending out their first missionary. Kru Seng Saa, An agricultural fair, similar to the his wife and children are going north- well-known county fair in the United east into Korat. Many of the people States, was held with a definite social there are primitive, frontier animists. and educational purpose. The morn- Very few are Buddhists. Kru Seng ings were devoted to demonstrations Saa is a Christian college graduate. and lectures, the afternoons to dra- He taught a short time in Pitsanu- matics. In cooperation with the Deloke, then took up city evangelistic partment of Agriculture, three farmwork in which he was engaged when ers' institutes were held at three this call came. He is a devoted worker centrally located villages, with sessions and a man of ente"prise. Since he of about two weeks. The total enrolbegan his work before there was a ment of the three institutes was over theological seminary, he received his 600. More than 500 stuck to their training by doing, with some study training until the end, and 451 reunder the missionary with whom he ceived certificates qualifying them to worked. His wife was for eight years be demonstration farmers. A travela nurse in the Chulalongkorn Hospital. ing clinic goes into selected villages They will be supported entirely by which have elementary schools and Siam churches. which are convenient centers for at least five or six villages. Vaccination and physical examinations are given.

Christia.n Council in Sia.nt Two health institutes have been held, AN INTERESTING development in with encouraging rEsults. Siam is the formation of a National Christian Council. American Equal Rights for Women A Presbyterian missionaries outnumber NEW law which gives to women rights equal to those enjoyed by tholle of other denominations, but Rev. C. R. Simmons of the Church of Eng- men has just been promUlgated in land Mission is chairman of the Coun- China, and works an amazing revolu- cil; and Rev. Clarence Norwood, head tion in Chinese family relations. The of St. Peter's School for Boys in Chinese woman is given absolute Bangkok, with one American and one equality before the law, not only in

marriage. but in all other' matters. The President of China is planning an Daughters are entitled to inherit their anti-lawless campaign in the provinces parents' estates equally with sons. of Hupeh and Kiangsi, has reorganized Under old law, Chinese women could the Central Military Academy, and not eVEn own property after they were himself ·spends four hours daily lecmarried. The new law of family re- turing and acquainting the students lations, now effective, makes no men- with the "brutal crimes" of Commution of the concubinage system, which nism and warning against its influhas been prevalent in China for cen- ence. These students, when trained, turies, and is still common in some will be sent to Communist areas to parts of the country. While the sys- spread "the gospel of Three People's tem is not specifically outlawed under Principles" in order to counteract the the new code, it is made unpopular; Red menace. for no provision is made for children of concubinEs to inherit. Christianity Gains in Quality Dr. Wang Chung-Hui, Chinese THE China Inland Mission baptized judge at the Court of International six hundred more converts last Justice at the Hague, worked out this year than the previous year. Chinese law in the new civil code, upon which leaders are measuring the serious rehe has spent more than a year. Legal sponsibilities of a:utonomy as a result Experts declare it a masterpiece, in- of the enforced absence of missioncorporating . the best principles of aries. Indigenous leadership in counmodern law and the best of ancient try mission hospitals is a striking Chinese customs, with little harm to success, and of one hundred and tweneither. ty graduates of Peking Medical Col- lege one half are in missionary service. Dr. Koo on China'. Chief Need Chiang Kai-shih, China's president, has built a church in his native town, DR. T. Z. KOO, of the National since' his baptism, and encourages Committee of the Y. M. C. A. in Christianity in every way. China, says that the chief need of China today, in order that its people Frightful persecution is another may again become creative, is not sci- side of the picture. Not long ago the entific or material development, but Reds took a town in the vicinity of contact with God. "When a people Hupeh. The Christians fled to the loses its contact with the vital person- church, hoping it might prove a refality of God, a God greater than any- uge. Before long, however, the Reds thing the human mind can conceive," entered and asked for the pastor. The Doctor Koo declares, "that people soon Chinese pastor at once stepped forbegins to lose its vision; and when a ward and said, "If you seek the pastor, people loses its vision its creative ca- I am he." They took him prisoner and pacitysteadily dies out." He says that he went to his death a few days later there was a time when the Chinese as triumphantly as any martyr in the were discoverers and pioneers in art, early church. In spite of unfavorable literature, philosophy, government and government regulations, the fury of science, but for the past thousand the Reds, threatening bandits, factionyears they have lived merely on their al wars, famine fever, and student past. propaganda, the church goes forward. A few years ago, Dr. Grenfell when Training Youth to Fight CommuniSl11 visiting China said: "You are to be congratulated. It is much more hope- BECAUSE of the activities of the ful where the church is persecuted Reds and bandits, the mission- than where, as in America, it is simaries of the American Methodist ply neglected." Board have been compelled to evacuate the northern part of Fukien Pr·ovince.

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

MISCELLANEOUS waste of resources-with duplication and overlapping and such a misdirection of A Friend of Missionaries forces that valuable life and work have not counted to the. fun extent of their THE General Assembly of the Pres- possibilities, and huge areas are still byterian Church sent a message to untouched. Captain Robert Dollar; the famous shipping man, and a ruling elder, who 7. The Movement stands for New Tesis now eighty-seven and ill. He has tament principles of expansion, for widebeen remarkable in his businESS spread evangelism in order that groups achievements, and even more in his of believers may be gathered into churchreligious life. He was reported the es which, from the first, must be selfother day as still rising in the morn- governing, self-supporting, and selfing and conducting worship as he has propagating. done for over half a century, then returning to bed. He said recently: 8. The Movement stands for the truth that these Churches are under the care of the Holy Ghost and that they should be taught to depend upon Him for all their needs, spiritual and material.

"When I come to die, I hope I will have ClergYDlen Polled on War Question a hard day at the office, come home, read my Bible, then go to sleep and T HE sentiment of 53,000 clergymen wake up in the next world." May it on matters pertaining to war was sought by the World Tomorrow in a. be so i There are few of his kind left. questionnaire. Out of the 19,327 who responded, 12,076 believed that Amer- Here is another of his characteristic ica should go on record as refusing to sanction or support any future war. utterances, w:hich has worldly value: "Don't wait for your ships to come in. The questions and summarized an- swers follow: Just keep sending them out. They'll keep coming in all right as long as you Do you favor military training in send them out."

The World Dominion Movement our public high schools and civilian colleges or universities? Yes, 2,574.

HERE are eight of the twenty-one No, 16,018. principles set forth in a circular of Do you favor ,substantial reductions the WorId Dominion Movement. The in armaments even if the United head of the organization is Thomas States is compelled to take the initia- Cochrane, of England. tive and make a proportionately great- 1. The Movement stands for the evan- er reduction than other naUons are gelization of the world in this generation. willing to do7 Yes,15,449. No, 2,702.

2; The Movement stands for the final Do you believe that the policy of authority of t4e Scriptures and the Deity armed intervention in other lands by and atoning death of the Lord Jesus our government to protect the lives Christ, the world's only Saviour. and property of American citizens 3. The Movement stands for the obli- should be abandoned and protective gation which rests upon every Christian efforts con5ned to pacific means? Yes, to be a soul-winner and for impressing 12,017. No, 3,899. upon every soul won to Christ this paramount duty of winning others. Are you personally prepared to state 4. The Movement stands for the truth that it is your present purpose not to that its great objective can only be at- sanction any future war or participate tained if those associated with it are men as an armed combatant? Yes, 10,427. and women of power through prayer and No, 5,801. the indwelling of the Holy Ghost. Could you conscientiously serve as 5. The Movement stands for the com- an army chaplain on active duty in plete coordination of all that is being wartime? Yes, 8,700. No, 6,628. done at home and abroad to make Christ and His salvation known to every man, Do you rega.rd the 'distinction bewoman and child of this generation. tween "defensive" and "aggressive" war as sufficiently valid to justify 6. The Movement surveys the world, your sanctioning or participating in a country by country, so that it may find future war of defense? Yes, 8,316. out and direct attention to the regions No, 7,130.-The Churchman. of greatest need. It has thus created an Intelligence Department for lack of which there has in the past been a great

books mentioned in these columns will be forwarded by us

receipt of price.-THE REVIEW.

The Hinterlands of the Church. A study dents of America's religious problems. Noble character is the basis of usefulof areas with a low proposition of ness; knowledge of God and a right church members. Index by Elizabeth relation to Him is the basis of char- IRn.stHitouotekeorf 8vo. 314 pp. $1.75 net. acter; religious teaching and expres- Social and Religious Sur· sion are essentials to the knowledge of vey, New York. 1931. God. If America is to be strong and if Americans are to be Christians then There are religiously handicapped every man, woman and child should people and handicapped districts. Few have an opportunity to learn of God realize that only about one half of the and to worship Him. If this is to be population of the United States belong done the "Hinterlands" must be occuto any religious organization, Protes- pied for Christ. Miss Hooker shows tant or Catholic, Jewish, Hindu or the present need and suggests ways Confucian, Theosophist, C h r i s t ian for meeting that need. Science or Mormon. Many thousands live in communities where they have ThCeonRnUerlall. B1il7li1on.pagBeys. ChCalroleths, M$. 1.M00e;- no regular church privileges. Paper, 60 cents. Friendship Press, New York. 1931. Three years ago the Institute of Social and Religious Research began to A comprehensive and illuminating presentation of the economic and reliinvestigate six kinds of territory in gious background of more than onethe United States where rural churches half of the world's population who live in towns, villages, and open country. are absent, closed or ineffective. In The necessity for the application of some counties less than 200/0 of the the Gospel message in terms of compopulation are church members; in munity service, economic advanceothers the percentage is over fifty. ment, more adequate educational and medical advantages under leadership Miss Hooker, who has a useful ar- which is trained specifically for this ticle in this issue of the REVIEW, and broader program of evangelism among who writes this report of the survey, rural folk is convincingly presented. has done a careful piece of work, ac- The author has drawn upon his own rich experience in the field of rural companying her interpretation with evangelism and upon the experience of twelve tables and twenty-eight charts missionaries in home and foreign lands and maps. Her studies include the six whose labors bear witness to the poskinds of territory investigated, with sibilities of Christianizing rural soseparate chapters on the old hilly ciety through patient, persistent, selfareas, level areas, grazing regions, denying devotion and faith such as mountain sections, cut-over districts were nobly exemplified in the life of and dry-farming regions. She then John Frederick Oberlin and of others reviews the church situation in these of the present generation. Numerous territories and describes the attempted illustrations of the transformations remedies; six appendices relate to wrought by their efforts are offered tests for measuring church effectiveness, s tat i s tic a I findings, rural churches of Vermont, and the "Indices of Changing Social Pattern."

Here is a valuable study-especially for pastors in the regions mentioned, for Home Mis-sion officials and for stu- 714

BOOKS WORTH READING

in proof 'Of the enduring value ·of their It is to be regretted that this survey does not appear in the printed volume, work. nor does the report contain a list of delegates present. The importance of In a forceful advocacy of the right the conference is evident at a time when within the Christian church itof the rural billion of the world to self there are those who question the right and the wisdom of any effort on enjoy the privileges and 'Opportunities the part of Christians to include Jews in a missionary program. accorded to those wh'O dwell in the The report consists of two parts: cities, the auth'Or has carefully avoided the first containing the address; tbe second the findings of the conference. the implicathm 'Of many treatises on The former include an opening ad- dress by Dr. John R. Mott, and a the subject of rural sociology, that strong statement on the "Validity of the Christian Approach to the Jews" rural folk are different and that rural by Rev. James M. Black of Edinburgh. Two of the longest addresses are by life is "a thing apart" from the rest experienced workers among Jews- Dr. John Stuart Conning of New York, of the world. He reminds us again and Rev. C. H. Gill of England. They deal with major problems and issues that the m'Odern world is a neighbor- and the present-day emphasis in the work of Evangelism. Two chapters hood "within speaking distance across are by the newly appointed General Secretary of the International Comthe fence" in which the good of one mittee on the Christian Approach to the Jews, Dr. Conrad Hoffman. He is the concern of all, and that "no deals with the "Methods of Christian Approach" and the "Possibilities of accident of birth, no given occupation, Closer Cooperation." Other speakers included Basil Mathews, Dr. Julius no circumstance of race or nation Richter, and Dr. Samuel M. Zwemer. Dr. Dougla·s Mackenzie of Hartford should bar any individual fr'Om enj'Oy- answered the question "What Is It in Our Christian Faith that We Desire ing the common wealth of the world to Share with Our Jewish Brethren?"

and sharing its opportunities for Within the Four Seas–A Shantung Idyl. By Paul Richard Abbott. 12mo. The abundant life." We must bec'Ome bet- Commercial Press, Limited, Shanghai, China. 1930. ter acquainted with our rural neigh- This is another novel by a China bors, with their problems and their missionary, who, though not born in that land, has evidently kept his eyes possibilities, not in a patr'Onizing spirit wide open during his score of years of service there. It is full of Chinese but for the sake of the contribution atmosphere and introduces the reader to many curious manners and customs which they may make in partner·ship of the 85% of China's population who live in her villages and seldom go with all who l'Ove Christ and follow beyond the market towns.

His teachings, t'O the building of His The author has perhaps overdrawn the transformation of his hero thr'Ough Kingdom. It provides valuable and in- teresting collateral material for lead- ers and members of study class groups, besides furnishing helpful information t'O many who are eager to know the facts concerning the missionary need and program. J. M. S.

Christians and Jews. A Report of the Conference on the Christian Approach to the Jews, Atlantic City, New Jer- sey-May 12-15, 1931, by the Interna- tional Committee on the Christian Ap- proach to the Jews, International Missionary Council. Rumford Press, Concord, New Hampshire. 155 pp.

The Atlantic City C'Onference on the Christian Approach to the Jews dealt primarily with America and was the counterpart of the Budapest-Warsaw Conferences held in 1927 which con- sidered the Jewish question in Eur'Ope.

In preparation for the conference an extensive survey of the Jews in America and Christian work among them was made by Charles H. Fahs, of the Missionary Research Library.

participation in the great war as a reveal the same great need that exists coolie in France, and his development in America today. Every pastor, and into the courtly "Sir Galahad" of a others interested in Christian work, charming little French girl, who as will read this life story with deep in- his happy wife works wonders in his terest and profit.

crude ancestral home; but he has written a very interesting story teem- Twice Born Chinese. By Charles E. Scott. ing with adventure, altogether whole- 12mo. 159 pp. $1.50. Revell. 1931.

some, and definitely missionary. Those Chinese who have been transformed who would become familiar with the by surrender to Christ are the best Chinese background for the study of evidences that the Christian Gospel is China's life, her culture and her need, adapted to the needs of China and the will find it in this story in more at- world. Dr. Scott, a missionary of the tractive and more readily assimilable Presbyterian Church for over twenty form than in the ordinary study book. years and the author of "China From C. H. F. Within," tells here some stories of men and women who were so trans- If I Be Lifted Up. By Samuel Shoemaker, formed by the power of Christ. A Jr. 12mo. Revell and Company, New medicine faker became a personal York. worker for Christ, and ten other Chi- nese struggled through trials to tri- This is a timely, clear, helpful, scrip- umphs. These are stirring pages from tural, spiritual interpretation of the the history of Christianity in China application of the dynamic without -graphically told in terms of indiwhich Christianity has no saving pow- vidual experiences. er and no distinct message. This book meets a real need in modern life, for its appeal is vital and its method effec- The Religion of Jesus. By Toyohiko Ka- gawa. 8mo. 127 pp. $1.25. John C. tive. J. Men. Winston Co., Philadelphia. 1931.

Uncle John Vassar. By Thomas E. Vas- Our readers are already familiar sar, Revised by H. N. Miller and E. with the remarkable character, history N. Hardy. 12mo. 190 pp. $1. Amer- and work of this famous Christian ican Tract Society, New York. 1931.

A life like that of John Vassar is leader in Japan. Dr. Robert E. Speer an inspiration to higher living and supplies an excellent biographical more devoted service. He was a man sketch of Mr. Kagawa, the apostle to of strong personality, unusual power the poor, who in spite of many great and high purpose. Born in 1813 in physical handicaps, has become a noted Poughkeepsie, New York, of the same author, lecturer, evangelist and social family that founded Vassar College, worker. At present Dr. Kagawa is in he enjoyed few educational advantages America, lecturing in a number of uniand worked in his uncle's brewery for versities and colleges.

some years. In his early life John was The major part of the book is a very profane, though his parents were translation (by Miss Helen Topping), godly people, but he. was converted of Dr. Kagawa's interpretation of the during revival meetings when he was "Religion of Jesus." He bases his 29 YEars of age. Later he left the knowledge on the New Testament and, brewery business as inconsistent with while at times he seems to differenti- his Christian profession and he became ate too much between God and Jesus, a colporteur of the American Tract he accepts Jesus as the divine revealer Society with a salary of one hundred of God and the Redeemer and Saviour and sixty dollars a year and traveling of Man. He accepts the religion of expenses. John Vassar was a remark- Jesus as a religion of love, of right- able personal worker with a passion eousness, of sacrifice, of service. Dr.

for souls. His experiences in city and Kagawa closes with the words: "In country, in the army and on the road, modern life on this earth, love is all

BOOKS WORTH READING

dried up like a dry desert. But we World Revolution and Religion. By Paul want to restore once more a world of Hutchinson. 200 pp. $2. Abingdon light, freedom and love, satinaled with Press, New York. 1931. the power of the grace and love of J esus, which is like the soft rain of This book reminds us of the definispring." tion given of a pessimist-the man who blows out his candle to see how "The Way of Jesus Is the Way of dark it is. No one can dispute the God, of the Cross, and of the Holy seri,ous and disturbing conditions that Spirit." face humanity today-the disturbing factors of political, social, racial, and India: Land of the Black Pagoda. By religious changes in every land. These Lowell Thomas. 350 pp. $4.00. Cen- are ably sketched and emphasized as indicative of the dissolution of the old tury, New York.

Lowell Thomas,· an experienced order. But according to the author traveller, an expert narrator, and the it is because of these upheavals that author of a dozen popular volumes, the outlook for organized religi'On is knows what to look for and how to dark. When he speaks of the racial describe what he sees. He went to revolution the Mission Boards and the India expecting to stay two months, missionaries come in for severe criti- and he fell so completely under the cism. He says: "Missions as a recipspell of the East that he remained two rocal activity in which the white years. He roamed "back and forth for humbly acknowledges that he has as a total distance of over 60,000 miles." much to receive as to give, seems to He does not go far beneath the sur- them 'obvious nonsense, and they will face nor attempt a discussion of prob- have none ·of it. All of which forces lems, but writes as a reporter of the the observation that it is very doubtimpressionist type. He has given us ful whether Christian missions can .one of the most readable books of survive the coming and inevitable end travel in recent years, word pictures of white world domination." of a land that impresses every visitor, In the chapter on religious revolu- as it did Mark Twain, "a land of tion the impression is given that even dreams and romance, of fabulous as Darwin dealt the death blow t'O the wealth and fabulous poverty, of splen- old argument for the existence of God dor and rags, of palaces and hovels, based on "design," so Einstein's "relaof famine and pestilence; mother of tivity" touches the realm of morals. history, grandmother of legend, and "In a relative world, what becomes of great-grandmother of tradition." In right and wrong? And what is good? this era of close relationships, no in- That, in its simplest form, is the stagtelligent man can be indifferent to a gering question which, from this day people who constitute one fifth of the forward, confronts religion." human race and whose problems and aspirations are affecting the whole There is scarcely any reference to world. This book gives the reader a the Bible, and distaste is expressed for clearer conception of India, but we the Apostles' Creed. The author fails regret that it does not give greater to see that thrones and empires have prominence to the constructive forces passed away, but the Church of Christ that are operating. Mr. Thomas makes stands. The Sixtieth Chapter of Isafew references to missionaries, but iah and the closing chapters of Revelawhat he does say is sympathetic, par- tion are more optimistic. ticularly regarding medical missionaries, whom he highly praises. The We cannot call this a helpful book. lack of an index is a defect that We do not agree that our present should be corrected in any further Christless civilization can be saved from extinction by a new humanism. "Nor the church that now is will not at all survive" (p. 197). The conclud- printing. A. J. B. ing paragraph holds out some hope

for a new kind of a church (not built Korea: The Old and the New. By Ellaon the old foundations nor with the old name: "It will not be a church sue Wagner. 160 pp. $1.50. Revell, of one continent, or one race, or one creed. It may not be called by any New York. 1931. . of the titles that we know; not even by that title which seems very sacred Kaleidoscopic changes are taking to us, Christian. But it will be composed of those seeking and courageous place in Korea as throughout the Far souls in all lands who, in response to mankind's deepest and immortal urge, East. The cla-sh of the new civilizago out to do battle with all that is false and inimical to human develop- tion with the old produces staggering ment and who likewise go out passionately to find God." results. In 1880 there were still sign- We need not go out to find God, nor posts along the highways with the go far. He finds us, in Jesus Christ, who is with His church all the days words; "If you meet a foreigner kill until the end of the age. S. M. Z. him' he who has friendly relations with a foreigner is a traitor to his country." Today the young men with their Western learning and civiliza- tion think in terms as remote and dif- ferent as is possible. There is an un- quenchable thirst for Western educa- tion. "Schools spring up over night; books pour out of the press. The last decade has witnessed a revolution India's Religion of Grace and Christianity greater than, and more far reaching Compared .and Contrasted. By Rudolf than, the French Revolution. Old Otto. Translated by Frank Hugh F?s- shackles have been broken. This is a ter, D.D. 143 pp. 68. Student ChrIS- tian Movement Press, London. new Korea today." The effect of all this is seen in the everyday life of Dr. Otto is known to most readers the people-in their dre,ss and espeof theological books as the author of cially in the greater freedom of wom- "The Idea of the Holy." His excep- anhood and a special interest in the tional knowledge of Sanskrit literature preservation of child life. Superstiand his acquaintance with contempo- tions are disappearing and the last rary religious life in India make this chapters speak of the influence of recent volume of especial value to stu- Christianity in producing, directing, dents in this field. We say that the and controlling these stupendous religion of Christ should not be judged changes. This is a fascinating picby the faulty practice of its present- ture of present-day Korea with the day adherents, but by the Gospel of background of the heritage of the past its Founder. Likewise in passing by one who is in charge of a social judgment upon Hinduism we should evangelistic center in the old capital. know the teaching of its earliest books. What Dr. Otto has to say of s. M. Z.

the sources from which he quotes does Tukaram: A Translation from Mahipati's not detract from the supremacy he accords our faith and withal gives us Bhaktalilamrita. (The Poet-Saints of a broader view of the striving of the Maharashtra Series.) Translated from the Marathi by Rev. Justin E. Abbott, D.D. xx-346 pp. $1.25. Obtainable Holy Spirit with the children of men from the Author, 120 Hobart Ave., and a happier belief in the innate Summit, N. J. 1930. reaching out of the human heart towards God and salvation by grace. If This fictitious story of an adventhe author finds much in common be- turer with his Hindu god, who through tween the two faiths he also finds more the path of Bkakti is supposed to have of contrast, and this contrast should reached highest bliss, gives some inbe recognized and emphasized in India. sight into the inner life of non-Chris- A full glossary of the Sanskrit terms tian mystics. Missionaries may find used adds to the value of the book. here an introduction to the beliefs of a powerful and influential religious J. c. cult in India, and all will see in this

BOOKS WORTH READING

story an example of devotion to God. dresses is good, but the second on com- Fact and fiction form an indivisible ing to terms with the moral universe, blend but the teachings here presented i. e., human society, is outstanding. Its are surprisingly near those of the picture of Christ, is magnificent, meet- Christian Gospel. "Thou art unique in ing with full approval the modern stu- Thy possession 'of a pitying heart" dents' demand for inner instead of (p. 215). "There is no end to hap- outer authority, for an expressive and piness, where there is mutual sy~pa­ not a repressive moral code, and for thy and love" (p. 230). "Wrong thlllk- simplicity and unity of moral obligaing is the root of sin, and it has led many into trouble" (p. 322). tion. It is a vision .of great beauty and power, a real contribution to pres- M. A. Q. D. ent-day ChrIstian thought. P. w. H.

By the Waters of Babylon. By Louis Wal- Life of Cardinal Newman. By Gaius Glenn lis. 8vo. 222 pp. $2. Macmillan. 1931. Atkins, D.D. 338 pp. $2.50. Harpers, New York. There are rich dramatic, as well as religious, values in the Old Testament Nearly a century ha,s passed since history, biography and prophecy. Human nature and human needs have Newman, then a young Oxford Don, not greatly changed except as men and women have come into closer fel- startled the religious world with the lowship with, God-the eternal, the righteous, the loving heavenly Father. first of the epoch making "Tracts for Many of these eternal values are clearly brought out in this novel of the Times." The ideas that he set in the times of Zedekiah, king of Judah. It was a time of moral laxity, and the motion have profoundly influenced worship of Baal; of the oppression of the poor by the rich and of fear of Christian thinking ever since. Protforeign invasion. Jeremiah was prophesying in Judah and Ezekiel in Baby- estants cannot accept Newman's ultra lon. Running through the storywhich is slow of movement but well High Church opinions, which took him told-is the rationalistic view that Jehovah of the Hebrews was a tribal into the Roman Catholic Church; but god unlike Merduk the god of Babylon,' and Amon-Ra of Egypt, chiefly in they reverence his purity of character, being represented as a lord of mercy and justice to the poor and needy. his high aspirations, his unwavering The collection of the Old Testament canon is here described as a work of devotion to Christ, the beauty and scribes who gathered the best of Hebrew literature-but without any con- power of hi,s writings, and the spiritscious leading of the Spirit of God. uality that enriched Christian liter- Coming to Terms with the Universe. Rev. McNeil Poteat. 12mo. 85 pp. The ature with the "Apologia" and the im- Association Press, New York. 1981. mortal hymn-"Lead, Kindly Light." This little book, made up of three addresses delivered to Southern stu- This extraordinary man could not have dents, glows with a great desire to guide them into a real faith in Christ. had a more discriminating biographer The sincerity of the presentation, and the clarity of the argument leave little than Dr. Atkins, professor of homito be desired. Each of the three ad- letics in Auburn Theological Seminary.

He has a genius for analyzing charac- ter and motives and rare skill in de- picting them. We concur in the opin- ion that this book is characterized by "spiritual insight, a sympathetic in- terpretive mind, and masterly literary style, and that it is safe to say that it will find a place beside the two or three great books inspired by the life of Newman since he died forty-one years ago." A. J. B.

The Daughter of Abd Salalll–The Story of a Peasant Woman of Palestine. By Florence Mary Fitch. 75 pp. Richard G. Badger, Boston.

Seven months spent in Palestine gave the writer opportunity to study the home life of the people. This story

of a woman of Bethlehem throws a and heroism runs through the narra- flood of light on village life among tive, the hero finally triumphing over Moslems, from birth to death. The countless dangers and difficulties.

story grips the reader and between the lines folklore and ,superstitions not Report of the World's Committee of the generally familiar are accurately re- Y. M. C. A/s. 300 pages. 4s. Geneva. 1931. vealed and the facts themselves are a The comprehensive report of the plea for missions. A woman speaks; World's Committee of Y. M. C. A.'s published for the 20th World's Con- "Yet we were only half-glad. The baby ference of Y. M. C. A.'s contains a vivid statement of the seventy-:five was a girl! But she was a beautiful years history of the oldest internation- al youth organization. There is also a baby, and she was mine! We called description of the modern tendencies (political, economic, educational, and her Rasmeya, which means 'first class.' religious) which affect youth, and an explanation of some of the "signs of She grew ·strong and Mohammed loved the times" which are particularly prominent among young people today. her and I forgot my disappointment. The third chapter give·s a survey of Before she was a year old, she was be- the activity of the World's Committee during the last five years-its reortrothed to A'hmud, son of Mousa, Mo- ganization, extension, and deepening, hammed's cousin. He was three years etc. The last part relates to the prob- lems with which a youth movement is old. Mousa gave her a present and confronted in attempting to formulate a message adequate for the present promised to give her something at time and regarding the attitude to be adopted towards moral, international, every festival to keep her for his son; the formal betrothal was to come when they grew older. But one cold winter morning little Rasmeya sickened and by afternoon she was dead. I washed her little body. We sewed a fresh gar- ment about her. Others dug the grave and we carried her out and buried her.

The women said, 'She was only a girl.' " s. M. Z.

Gods of Wealth and War. By James L. interracial, economic, and sport ques- Stewart. 8vo. 288 pp. $2. Revell, New York. 1931. tions. These issues are approached in a spirit of frankness and determina- Like Dr. Stewart's earlier novels tion. A statistical chart of informathis tale of adventure in modern China tion regarding the Y. M. C. A.

is melodramatic and full of hair- throughout the world closes this vol- breadth escapades. It describes vivid- ume.

ly the scourges that beset China Miracle Lives in China. By Rosalind and phy,sical, human and demoniacal. The Jonathan Goforth. 12mo. 157 pp.

most realistic are the scourges of $1.50. Harper and Brothers. 1931.

locusts and of bandits with the very Dr. and Mrs. Goforth have had un- vivid picture of the trial of innocent usually rich experience as missionaries men before a Chinese court presided in China for the past forty years.

over by a Chinese chief. Dr. Stewart They have passed through many trials describes dark and baneful supersti- and sufferings for Christ and have tions in contrast with the enlightened witnessed many evidences of His wonand helpful influence of Christ. The derful power to change Chinese lives. elements of probability do not seem to The stories of over twenty of these hamper the author but the story moves "Trophies of Grace" are heart stirring along rapidly with sustained interest narratives. The record of facts and to the end. Dr. Stewart knows China the Chinese atmosphere reveals the and the Chinese and his tale reveals difficulties that face Christians in the present-day conflict with commu- China and the power of God to overnism and banditry. A story of love come all 'Obstacles.

The Missionary Review of the World — March 1931

H. W. MY)jJHS O~' KOBE, WHO LED '!'OYOHIKO KAGAWA TO

to Foreign Missions PAY YOU A LIFE INCOME You can make a generous gift to foreign mis- Now ••• sions and have a needed income for yourself and others from the money you give by the 1/0" c"n Vi8it HONOLULU Annuity Gift Plan "nd 8till • •• This plan relieves you of uncertainty and worry caused by changing values of invested funds and assures you a fixed income of 4t% to 9% per year for the rest of your life A reserve fund of over $1.500.000 guarantees EMPRESS" the prompt payment of annuities to you. You need no longer choose between vis- Protect yourself against loss through iting Honolulu or traveling Empress. Em- unwise investments and at the same time press of Canada and the new 23-knot helP send the gospel to aU the world. Empress of Japan, the Pacific's'1ast-word- in-luxury" giantesses sail via Honolulu Foy full iwormatiou 'Write from Vancouver (rail-to-ship connections) Erneat F. Ho.lI~ Secr:etary~ Dept. of Annuitie. and Victoria. Los Angeles and San Fran- cisco passengers connect at Honolulu. On BOARD OF FOREIGN MISSIONS tbe Speedway route are Empress of Asia, of the Presbyterian Church, U. S. A. Empress of Russia,. favorite ~tcommuter'J' liners, direct express to Yokohama. 156 Fifth Avenue, New York AVOID THIS MISFORTUNE "I know of no one more deserving • • • DOl#) ··Empress~' l::.hln of sympathy than a woman with limited resources, without children to advise The Empress fleet, comprising the iargest, her, without business experience, sud- fastest liners on the Pacific, now offers denly left a widow and compelled to "Empress" Cabin. Travelers in the Mission settle an estate." field find spaciousness and comfort exactly suited to their desires. Expertly cheI'd cui- Who will be her advisor? sine., service ~~ of the Orient" are welcome Who will share her troubles and re- attentions. Community of interests in "Em- sponsibilities? press" Cabin makes them even more enjoy- Who will provide for her in case of able. Naturally, on all Empresses, First loss of principal? Class. Also "Tourist" and "Third."

This can all be avoided by investing Information. reservations from your I your savings in Annui~y Agreements Agent or Canadian Pacific. New York, Chicago, Montreal. and 32 other cities in of the Methodist Mission Boards. U. S. and Canada.

I For further illformation write: CANADIAN PACIFIC •. TO TO MORRIS W. EHNES, Treasurer, Board of Foreign Missions of the Methodist ORi€nr Episcopal Church, 150 Fifth Avenue, New York, N. Y., or W. J. ELLIOTT, Treasurer. Board of Home Missions and Church Extension of the Methodist Episcopal Church, 1701 Arch St., Philadelphia Pa.

World's Oreatest Tra … el S .._te.

Please mention THB MISSIONARY RmVlllIW OF THE WORLD in writin2: to advertisers. THE MISSIONARY PERSONALS REVIEW OF THE WORLD MISS FLORENCE E. QUINLAN, who has been for some years the efficient secre- DELAVAN IJ. PIERSON, Editor tary of the Council of Women for Home Missions is retiring from this office May CONTENTS-March, 1931 1st. She has also rendered valuable service as editor of the Woman's Home Page Mission Bulletin of the REVIEW. The Home Mission cause will suffer for Miss l"RON'l'JSPIECE •…•. H. W. MYERS AND Quinlan's retirement from offil;ial re- sponsibility for the work but her active A JAPANESE A~TI-CnRISTIAN EDICT interest and service will continue.

1a1Vg,.J,ING CIIRJWr IN .TAPAN …••. _ .. .. * • • , • . . . • • .• …. TOYOHIKO I{AOAW A 16a DR. CHARLES R. WATSON, President of the American University at Cairo, 1I1ISSlOXARY HADllUS FOn INDIA .,. has been appointed by the Egyptian Gov- • ••••••…•..•. l!lLIZABETH G. LEWIS 169 ernment, a member of a special Com- sion on Education to work out a national 'l'IIE PLACE OE' HEAVENLY HEAL'l'H program of education. This represents ••…..•..•••….. AMY CARUICHAEL 172 an important change of policy in the Egyptian Government, to have a non- TJ-IE PRODIGAL SON AMONG RELI- official, especially a foreigner, appointed GIONS . . . . . . . . • BA",eEL 11. ZWEMER 1711 on any Government Commission.

DO PUEBLO INDIANS SPEAK JAP- ANESE? •.•.•… A. J. un MONTGOM:ffiRY DISCUSSION OF WORLD – WIDE 11IS- * SIONS AT ATLANTIC CITY •….. ••••••••••••••••• • GEORGE H. TRULL 183 THE REV. JAMES L. BARTON, D.D., has RELIGIOUS EDUCATION IN HOME handed over to the government of Greece MISSION MOUNTAIN SCHOOLS .,. • ..•……… MRS. VERNER O. EARLY 187 the orphanage and,pavilion for tubercular WII~ ~ !.~':. .~:~~ .~H?S~?~~ ';i,;,vEi",,,,, 1ti1 children, which were the last of the in- 'rHREE CROSSIilR IN ANOOI,A •…..•• stitutions established and maintained in ••••••• ,,' •••••••.• JOHN '1'. rrUCKNR Hl3 IX THE DO)'lINICAN Rl<!PUBI,IC ….. that country by the Near East Relief. ~ IL • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Jj' . •TOlIXSO:-l lUil >- Few American philanthropies have had E:DIA D. CUSIUIAX 01,' KONIA ….. . a more remarkable development from •••••••.•••….••.••… ,V. '1' . 1;JL1.1S 1n7 small beginnings, a wiser and more con- A COLO~lBIAN ~'ItgETHINKER . . . . . . . • •••••••••••••• ALEXA~DER M. ALLAN 198 structive administration, and a more A PAs'rOll WITH A WORLD-WIDE MIN- satisfactory completion of their special ISTRY ………… ltOHERl' g. SPEhlR 200 responsibilities than the Near East Re- 'rOPICS OF THE THIES ………••••. 201 lief. It will go down in history as a CLOUDS WITH A SILVER LINUW magnificent demonstration of practical AFTER THE LONDON ROUND TABLE CO~­ goodwill.. .. * • ll~ERENCE-'VHAT ? SIR WILLIAM WANLESS, a retired mis- 'THE SEED BED O~' IIAPPI NESS sionary of the Presbyterian Board of For- eign Missions, who spent 39 years of METHODS ~'OR WORKERS ………. . active medical service in Miraj, india, is •••••• EDITED BY MRS. Jj….. I. JOHNHON 205 endeavoring to secure funds for a tuber- WOMAN'S HOME AND FOREIGN MIS- culosis sanitorium. The Bombay Christian Council, representing the Indian constit- SION BULLETIN •.•………….. 213 uency, and 30 missionary organizations in India, have decided to build Buch a WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK .•……….. 219 tuberculosis sanitorium in the Deccan de- BOOKS WORTH R1MDING …….•…. 235 signed to meet the needs of all sufferers TFJRMR.-$2.50 a year. ($2.00 in clubs of from this disease without regard to caste five.) Foreign postage, 50 cflnts. Single copies, 25 cents. Published monthly. Copyrighted, or creed. It is to be called the Wanless 1031, by ~.[ISSION'RY REVIEW I)C"ln.ISHI!~a COlI· Tuberculosis Sanitorium.

1".:-Y, l:.;c. All rights l'PsprYed.

THE MIS::;WNARY IUJVnJW PUBLISHING *** CO~lPAN¥, he. GEORGE SHERWOOD EDDY was recently lloRERT E. Rl>Fl~R, PrC-'~idcut guest of honor at a testimonial dinner "rILf,IAM 1. CHAllBERI~AfN, Vice-l't'esident tendered by the General Board of the National Council Young Men's Christian DELAVAN L. PIERSO);, Secretary Association, which he has served for 'WAL-fER ~IC})Ol'GALI•• ']'rcasurcr thirty-seven years. Dr. Eddy has re- tired as secretary for Asia but he an- Publication Office, 3d & Reily Sts., Harrisburg, nounced that he would continue his evan- Pn. 25c n copy. $2.50 a year. gelical work.

Etlitorial nntI BUf.li1WRA Office, 150 Fifth AV(,Ilue, *** New York City DR. CHARLES S. MACFARLAND, for Entere.d as Rf'COllU-claAB matter at the Post twenty years Senior General Secretary Office, IInrriRhnTgo, Pn" llndf'f Aet of MaTrh 3, 1870. of the Federal Council of Churches of COME TO Christ in America was retired and is KENNEDY SCHOOL now Secretary Emeritus. OF MISSIONS .. .. * New missionary apartments add to THE REV. JASHWANT RAG CHITAMBAR, advantages of preparing at Hartford M.A., D.D., principal of Lucknow Chris- for world service. Affiliation of tian College, has been elected Bishop of College of Missions, Hartford Thethe Methodist Episcopal Church by the ological Seminary and School of Central Conference of Southern Asia. Religious Education. Exceptional library of 200,000 volumes. Large * * .. collections in Chinese and Arabic. Students from many lands. Courses MRS. HOWARD WAYNE SMITH, admin- in English Bible, Religious Educaistrative vice-president of the Woman's tion, Rural Evangelism. Degrees Baptist Foreign Mission Society, was M.A., S.T.M., Ph.D. Specially able elected president of the Federation of Chinese department. Catalog. Women's Boards of Foreign Missions at the recent annual meeting. Mrs. Smith E. W. CAPEN, Ph.D., Dean, Hartford, Connecticut has served for a number qf years on its executive committee. HARTFORD ** THE REV. HUGH VERNON WHITE, of Stockton, California, has accepted a call from the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions, to a secretaryship in its Home Department. Mr. White's work will be primarily along educational lines, interpreting the spirit of modern missions to the churches and the public.

OBITUARIES THE REV. DR. ROBERT S. DONALDSON, Seminary Foundation secretary for Promotion of the Presbyterian Board of National Missions, New RobbinsWolcottBarstow,D.D.,President York, died on Friday, February 6th, after six months' illness. He was fifty Church, resigning to go to California years old, having been born in Hastings, as president of Occidental College. Minnesota, in 1881. After Dr. Donaldson was graduated from Princeton and *** the McCormick Theological Seminary he was pastor of a church in Milwaukee and MRS. EMMA MOTT WHITTEMORE, who, then served as superintendent of Na- many years ago opened the first Door tional Missions in California. From of Hope for unfortunate girls, died at there he was called to New York to be- her home in New York on January 1st, come secretary of Promotion of the Na- at eighty years of age. More than sixty tional Board. homes, bearing the same name, have "peen' opened' in various parts of the * * .. world, including Shanghai, China. Mrs. Whittemore delighted in visiting these DR. THOMAS C. WINN, a member of homes, praying for them, and aiding Presbyterian Mission in Japan since them in other ways. 1877, died at Kanazawa on Sunday, February 8th. Dr. Winn was born in Flem- * .. .. ington, Georgia, and was graduated from Amherst in the Class of 1873 and from THE REV. DR. CHARLES NEWTON LATHthe Union Theological Seminary in 1877. ROP, Executive Secretary of the depart- A son, the Rev. George H. Winn, of ment of Christian Social Service of the Seoul, and a daughter, Mrs. Walter C. Protestant Episcopal Church, died at Erdman, of Pyeng Yang, are mission- San Francisco, where he attended a Dio· aries in Chosen. cesan Convention, January 30th.

** * DR. HENRY K*ING* CA*RROLL, religious DR. JOHN WILLIS BAER, 70 years old, statistician, died on January 21st, of banker, educator and prominent in the pneumonia, in North Plainfield, N. J. Dr. Presbyterian Church, died suddenly of Carroll, was 82 years old. He was the heart disease at Pasadena on February author of a number of books on religious 8th. He was born on a farm near Ro- subjects, and later years prepared anchester, Minnesota, the son of a Hunga· DUal statistics on all religious demoninarian immigrant. From 1890 to 1900 he tions in the United States. He was born traveled throughout the world organiz- in Dennisville, Cape May County, N. J., ing Christian Endeavor societies as gen- on Nov. 15, 1848, was graduated from eral secretary of the international or- Syracuse University and he served in ganization. From 1900 to 1906 he was the Civil War. From 1876 to 1898 he assistant secretary of the Board of Home Missions of the Presbyterian (Concluded on thil'd cover.) Plpfise mention THE :MISSION' ,RY REVIEW OF THE WORl,D in writinii to advertisers. Dr. Myers is holding an anti-ChristIan edict board, now in his possession, containing a notice posted in 'May, 1683. It reads in part: "".rhe Christian religion is strictly forbidden. Hewards of 500 pieCes of silver will be given those reporting suspected persons. Those concealing Christians wfll be severely punished"-Slgned, THE GO'ERXOR.

LIV, No.3 March,1931

THE MISSIONARY Of tae REVEALING CHRIST IN JAPAN* BY TOYOHIKO KAGAWA, Tokyo, Japan Chri8tian Ap08tle to the Slums; author of "Love. the Law of Life," etc.

I T IS a great privilege to give If a Christian missionary had testimony to Christ. To believe not come to Japan I would never in God and to know the love of have seen God. When I was fifteen God are two different things. Many I was a very lonesome boy, and people in Japan and in China be- lived a most sorrowful life. Many lieve in God, but they do not under- Americans and English people ask stand the love of God as revealed me why Christianity is needed in in Jesus Christ. That is a great Japan when we already have good revelation. religions. My very existence shows In the nineteenth century some the reason why.

scholars wanted to make Christi- I was brought up in a Buddhist anity very simple, but they overlooked the meaning of the Cross. family. My father was private sec- Harnack claimed that "there are retary to the Privy Council of the two kinds of Christianity, primary and secondary. The first is the Emperor, one of the high officials Christianity of Jesus, which is of the Government. He kept many merely the Fatherhood of God and concubines. His first wife had no the brotherhood of man. Secondary children. The second wife was a Christianity is Pauline, and con- dancing girl, and had many chilsists of Christ-idolatry." This Har- dren. I am one of them and was nack rejects, calling it Paul's Chris- adopted as a legitimate child. But tianity. Harnack wants to strip my father's first wife never loved off the meaning of the Cross, which me. I was taken to a cold ice-frozen Paul emphasizes. This is a great home where I wept day and night. mistake. There is only one Chris- If, later, I had not been able to find tianity, the Christianity crystal- God, I believe that I would have lized in the manifestation of God's been ruined. love on the Cross. The Cross is central to Christianity, because My father believed in Confucius. there the love of God is manifested. There was Buddhism also, and In Japan we are tired of doctrines, Shintoism, in my home, but no puribut we are hungry for the love re- ty. I was sent to a Buddhist temple vealed in the Cross. to memorize Confucian doctrines, but I was afraid to read those ~ddreS" to missionaries, Mokanshan, Ja- books because I thought that if I grew up I would probably follow pan, July 27, 1930. the steps of my father and brother.

165

"Be a saint! Be a gentleman!" might not have found Christ.

those books kept repeating. But Through Dr. Myers' kindness I there was neither saint nor gentle- learned to love and admire Christ.

man anywhere near me by whom When I suffered from tuberculosis, I might pattern my life. My broth- my Japanese friends did not love er brought home six or seven gei- me. They might catch it. There- sha girls at one time, and at eleven fore I had to live an isolated, sim- I had to go to school from what ple life. But Dr. Myers loved me seemed like a house in the licensed and slept with me three nights in quarter, though it was my uncle's the same bed, without any fear of own home. tuberculosis. Soon after that I went When the Spirit of God came in- into the slums of Kobe, and there to my life my eyes were opened. practised the love with which Dr.

When I memorized those simple Myers had loved me.

verses in Luke 12: 27-31, "Con- The translation, or manifesta- sider the lilies, how they grow," it tion, of Christianity, is not simply was inspiration to me! Through preaching. True love never fails.

Jesus Christ I found the Truth; I The love of Christ will win the found the life; I found the Way to world. I am not afraid of perse- become holy, to be godly. I found cution for such love is greater than that Christianity fills out and sup- persecution.

plements the teaching of Confucius Two hundred and fifty years ago and the teaching of Buddha. Hav- Francis Xavier came to Japan and ing studied all the systems of phi- through his influence five hundred losophy in the Orient and in the thousand became Christians. Then West, I have noticed that the teach- persecution came and lasted for ings of Confucius and of Buddha more than fifty years. The war are not founded on belief in God. lords thought that they could stamp Socrates and Plato never touch out Christianity, but when sixty God. Only Jesus Christ gives us the years ago the Emperor's govern- wonderful evidence of the love of ment declared religious freedom, God. And not only this but He twenty-five thousand Christians ap- taught us how to obtain the power peared around Nagasaki.

to practise. To some this is so fa- When Protestant Christian mismiliar that they forget the blessing. sionaries came to Japan seventy- For me it was a new experience. I one years ago they came from had passed through the valley of Shanghai, Dr. Guido F. Verbeck solitude. I was a son of tears. Now among them. It was a reactionary the sunshine is gleaming through period and there was persecution. the clouds. Therefore I began to The first thirteen Christians in Y0live up to the life of the Cross. kohama were afraid that they When I was twenty-two I went would be hanged. They had a to live in the slums, remaining prayer meeting, expecting to be there fourteen years and eight in heaven the next day. They said, months. It was not only the Bible "We shall be arrested. Weare sons which taught me the love of God of knights and we are ready to die in Christ, and led me to take this for the Cross." That night a mes- step. It was a missionary, Dr. H. senger came from Tokyo saying, W. Myers, of Kobe, who baptized "No persecution will come." But me. If he had not come to Japan I even to this day Christians are

1!J31] RI<:VEALING CHRIST IN JAPAN

persecuted in Japan, where Bud- To the Japanese newspapers it is dhism is strong. axiomatic that Christianity is com- mon sense. Daily papers with over But today the tide has changed. a million circulation publish arti- Hundreds give testimony that cles on Christianity every day with- Christians are the best citizens. out any hesitation. Although the Hara and Takahashi, two prime anti-Christian Soviet movement is ministers, have been Christians, strong in Japan, the idealistic and the wives of many cabinet Christian movement is stronger prime ministers have come from yet. Thousands of humble believ- Christian families. Many cabinet ers in the villages give testimony to the love of Christ. ministers, men at court, great educators, and great scientists in Ja- They also tell stories about the pan are Christians. The tide has love shown by the missionaries. changed.

'I'HE KAGAWA SElT'.rI,BAmN'l'. TOKYO-A CHRISTIAN ASSOCIATION AND HOSTEL During the past two and one-half Recently, when Dr. Hail, of Wakayears I have been spending most of yama, died the Osaka Mainichi, a my time in preaching the Gospel of newspaper with a circulation of Christ to audiences numbering al- over a million, published his life together about six hundred thou- story. He had lived a most simple sand in various parts of Japan. life in Wakayama fifty years, and During this period I have received had refused to leave his post. Many decision cards from about forty great novelists and educators had thousand people. Not only do many been baptized by him. He lived on want to become Christians but Jap- Japanese food (which is worse anese Christians are supporting than Chinese food), and travelled their own churches. Though pov- through the mountains on foot. His erty-stricken and few in number, influence stilI remains. Many other the Japanese Christians raise two missionaries are doing wonderful million yen annually for Christian work. Everybody in Shinshu knows church work. Dr. Daniel Norman, of Nagano.

Governors of the province change, the time of the Roman Emperors, but Norman has· been there thirty but Christians were not afraid to years. They say that there are go down to the catacombs and pray three notable things in that Prov- there. When the bandits came from ince, and one of them is Norman! the north and crushed the Roman Everybody loves him. Many write Emperor, the Church remained. stories about him. One day a village boy saw him and said, "Here's "Love never faileth." The rea foreigner!" But another boy cor- ligion of Jesus Christ is not a surected him quickly: "No, he's not perstition. He belongs to eternity. a foreigner! He is Dr. Norman!" Only Jesus Christ and His Cross They have forgotten that he is a will win the Orient. Some may Canadian. The influence of his life think the Cross is a foolish thing is Christianity. In his district I but the time of victory will come. found thousands of young men who For Christianity to conquer the wante~ tQ. become Christians, be- Roman Empire took three cencause Norman is there. turies. It will take time to win Ja- pan openly to believe in Christ, and Do not 'be discouraged. If you many more centuries may be needinfluence only. afew in the villages, ed to win China. Let us be couraand love them in the spirit of the geous and give testimony to the Cross, you will succeed. Christian- love of God as revealed in Jesus ity suffered three hundred years in Christ and His death for us.

Dr. Kagawa ill front of his '."Two-lUat Palace," a six-fed square room where he Jived. for eixteen years in his effort to r~clflim for Chris.t the men, .women nnd c;hildrcll ?f the .K?be slums. He is now forty-two years of age and 18 a Jeader III the campaIgn to Wlll a IlllllJOll. Bouls to Christ In three years.

SADHVS FOR

BY ELIZABETH G. LEWIS, M.D., AMBALA CITY, PANJAB, INDIA Missionar}1 of th e P rc{J ',yt cdal1 Church, U. S, A., 1915- N OTHING SO surely attracts to drink, so India, searching for the attention of men and God, is unable to receive as true women in India, and holds the message of Christ the Saviour.

their interest as completely as that One reason is that the message which promises them a glimpse of comes in western dress. Mission God, or that promises to bring hospitals from the Occident are in- them nearer to the fulfillment of troduced and try to teach them the their desire to know God. We be- way of physical health. Mission lieve that this is true the world over. Even in materialistic Ameri- ca, a minister with a truly God- given message and the spirit of Jesus Christ, wins a large hearing; a drama showing God's love for humanity draws a full house and devotional books and the Bible are more in constant demand than any other book.

American men and women seem to be looking for an easy way of finding God, for though they rec- ognize Him as the Pearl of Great Price, few are willing to sell their motor cars, their good times, their energy and their leisure hours to obtain the Jewel. They may know the "Way" but they seek a more pleasing avenue of approach. RADHU SUNDAR SING II- AS HE WAS In India as the long procession of "holy men" file by, they seem, schools with western methods of of all men, most willing to pay any education drill them in Bible verses price for salvation. Their homes, and teach them to speak English.

their families, their physical com- Mission churches introduce hymns forts, their appetites appear to with foreign tunes and pews where have been laid on the altar of their they are asked to sit, church life desire to know God. But THE is organized by western methods. WAY they know not. Christian Many Indians have found God missionaries who have faith and through these agencies and Indian are actuated by a desire to pro- Christians are pushing forward to claim that Christ is the Way and the consciousness that the Gospel the only Way, find in India a great of Jesus Christ, ungarnished by yearning but a yearning that is western civilization and presented balked by a great ignorance and in an Indian manner makes a bigotry. Like the victim of lock- greater appeal to India.

jaw who, craving water, is unable We missionaries are asking for 169

a method of preaching the Gospel and prayer. That Christian Sadhu, that will prove more effective than Sundar Singh, used to walk through that used in the past. We realize the villages dressed in his simple how much time is given up to cleri- saffron robe which bespoke him a cal duties, to executive work, to man of God, preaching and teach- routine procedures – all good, all ing. He sat in his Ashram at Sa- seemingly necessary-but there is batu in the hills gathering in- Christ to be preached so that He quirers about him and was greatly will draw men to Himself. That loved by all Indians who knew him.

is most essential. A European, His influence still lives and mis- preaching in the bazaar attracts a sionaries may well learn a valuable crowd interested in his western lesson from him.

trousers, his coat and his big solar· It seems impractical for health topi. There is nothing about him and other reasons, for missionaries to suggest that he is speaking of from the west to adopt Indian the things of God and the Way of dress and manner of life as a habit.

Salvation. For all they know he Some have tried this and have may be talking politics, village up- found it unfruitful, but would it lift or a new educational system. not be well for them periodically Their holy m'en are distinguished to leave their routine duties in hos- from other men by dress and man- pital, school or district and, putting ner of living. They walk from on the simple, modest attire of a village to village. They talk un- Christian sadhu or sadhni, take hurriedly with men about their staff in hand and mingle with the holy books under trees, by river people, with the single unhurried sides or wherever quiet reigns. purpose of preaching Christ Jesus, They gather in retreats. They hide the divinely revealed Way, the themselves in solitude, They seek Truth and the Life ? We believe God in meditation and in separa- that Indian people would welcome tion from the world. This foreign them with a new understanding.

Sahib preaching in the bazaar, will They might be able to forget that stand talking for an hour or two these men and women are foreign, and then he will hurry away to his with strange ways, and might see western home to have dinner with them only as Christians with the his wife and children. He has no Way of Salvation in their hearts.

leisure to stop and chat with this There might thus be time for many one or that one who may have talks under the sacred pipal trees, questions to ask. Of course one along the roadside and at even in might seek him in his bungalow. the homes into which they had been If he happened to be in his daftar invited. Two or three weeks a he would be kind and courteous year spent in this way would, we and willing to give advice. But by believe, be fruitful of spiritual re- tomorrow the impulse to ask ques- suIts. Is it not worth the experi- tions may have faded and other ment?

matters will have absorbed the This way of working might not mind. be so easy for the missionary, of It is a temptation to every mis- course. There would be physical sionary to be busy and anxious discomforts from excessive heat, about many things, and to have absence fro m electric fans, and little time for the quiet t a I k s 0 m e chilly nights spent under

MISSIONARY SADHUS FOR INDIA

quilts far from clean. There might today is such that no one can surbe greater danger of disease from mise what tomorrow will bring. vermin, from mosquitoes, from im- India is rapidly coming to h a v e pure food. But would it not be a strong national conscience and worth while to put faith in God there will be radical changes in Who has promised to walk by our government. The Indian Chrisside and share the perils? tian Church has reached her ado- lescence and is claiming her adult The idea is not new. Some few power. There is an expressed demissionaries have gone out as sire to control the entire foreign Christian Sadhus and some are do- m iss ion work and one of the ing this very thing today. They points most stressed by Christian Indian leaders is that the foreign may have valuable advice to give. missionary should do more preach- But this plan has not been put into ing in the villages, unaided by paid practice to any large extent. There Indian workers. The Indians are is perhaps a feeling that those few idealists; and perhaps visualize an India brought to Christ by the who have tried it are a little fanat- power of the Word of God preached ical or not quite normal. It is by Christian Sadhus, Indian and worthy of consideration. Better foreign. The thought is an arrest~ and more productive methods in ing one. As one visualizes those mission work are being demanded millions of people, living in vilby the Church at home and by the lages, and pictures the coming of Christian Indians on the field. If a Christian Sadhu to preach, to every missionary would consecrate teach, to raise up a little group of even one or two weeks each year Christians, who will remain in the from his routine duties for this village and to volunteer Christian kind of service, a flood of Christian service while the Sadhu goes on teaching wit h a new dynamic to another and then another vilmight be poured over the land and lage, the mind races ahead to a fuwe believe that, with God's help, ture where India has indeed bethe new day for India, for which come Christian. we are all hoping and praying, would be hastened in its coming.

The political condition of India A Japanese student said: "The strange thing about Jesus is that one cannot get away from Him." There is something in Christ which pursues us, something in His teachings that will not let us alone; something that makes us feel ill at ease when we disobey His commands; that demands decision when we face Him. His religion is the simplest and at the same time the most difficult religion in the world. It is the simplest because it deals with the familiarities of life. It reveals the significance and the meaning of these experiences. It is the most difficult religion in the world because it asks us to attempt the hardest tasks. It challenges us to try the impossible. And because it is at the same time the simplest and the most difficult religion in the world that it is hard to escape Jesus. The simplicity of His religion commands our admiration; the difficulty challenges our discipleship.

BENJAMIN F. FARBER.

PLACE OF HEAVENLY HEALTH AT

THE PLACE OF HEAVENLY HEALTH BY AMY CARMICHAEL, Dohnavur, India Lord Jesus, of the wounded hand, It was months before we saw our way. The group of Hindus who And wounded foot, and side and owned the fields which were perfect brow, . for our purpose, asked a fancy price. Each owner had to be apo come in saving power, command . Thy great salvation now.

Lord Jesus of the wounded hand, proached separately. There were And love's long bitter agony, other difficulties. The inertia of centuries, the inevitable feuds of Healer of souls, the dead command village life, an unwillingness to To wake and live in Thee. have a force for Christ planted so This prayer is often sung in the near a Hindu village which refuses House of Prayer at Dohnavur to allow a Christian to live in its while an operation is going on in streets-and back of all, the devil, the little operating theater belong- who certainly does not want us ing to the home hospital. Some- there–these influences pulling totimes a group will stand outside gether made a strong combination. the room and sing quietly in Eng- But God is stronger than any comlish or Tamil or both. bine, and the matter ended thus: one by one those who had asked the On January 20, 1928, we, as a highest prices, or refused to sell at Fellowship, were pledged to step all, came to us, proposing a fair out into deep water in connection price. The man at the center alone with our medical work. Joshua 3: 15 was our word then. It is true held out, and again the word apstill that Jordan overflows its peared to be to dip our feet in the banks; it did so in the days that water, which meant just then, begin followed January 20th. And it is to build and trust our God to deal true that the feet of the priests with that one refusal. And He did. must be dipped into the water be- The man dropped suddenly to the fore it opens into a way. There is fair price we had offered at first, such a thing as going on without and the way cleared before us. But seeing how you are going to get greater than any call for faith anywhere, except to the river bot- about the land was that the word tom. came to buy the land before the 1'12 new work had its leader. Then, and all to reach. Was it because people not for the first time in this work, at home heard chiefly of the suc- we have proved the word is true, cess of the South, of crowds swept "For the web begun, God finds the into the visible church, of the vil- thread." When the feet of the lages clamouring for teachers? Was priests rest in the waters those it that they had not ever really un- waters are divided and it is possi- derstood that there is still in the ble to go on. Before the last field South a fort entirely shut against was bought we were shown how, us, and more than one such fort?

while we waited, God had worked. The castes who own the great tem- He had prepared for us one ready ples of the South are still Hindu to to use the material we had to offer: the core. These who are hardest to one who could "forge a team," and win for Christ are not being won.

lead it on. Nor have they the least desire to be On a beautiful evening some won. They are either antagonistic years ago a group of young chil- or indifferent. As we looked upon dren, and the sister of one of our the plain, now in shadow, and Fellowship, stood with me in a high thought of the pain that we knew place overlooking the plain. It was was there, hidden away in little sunset time'; the air was full of shut-up rooms in little shut-up golden lights, and the mountains to towns, and of the need of those the west were violet against rose. Christless hearts, the need of which As we looked over the plain, we they were so unaware, it was as if could see many clusters of trees, there came into our view a Place of each telling of a village; to east Healing, furnished with all that and south and north we saw temple was required for the help of the towers; behind one little conical people, and we saw the work of the hill lay a small Moslem fortress. place led on by one in whom were At that time no Gospel preach- the instincts and convictions and ing was allowed in the streets of the glad abandon of the spiritual that Mohammedan town. When we pioneer; and the long patience, for came to this part of the district the some of the things that we saw as Brahman streets of all the near we looked were new, and the new places were closed to Christians., needs infinite patience. The place We had won an entrance, but no was served by a company some- Christian lived in anyone of those thing like the early Franciscans in towns or ever had lived there, nor their happiness and love. They does one live there to this day. were lovers of their Lord and serv- Those Hardest To Reach ants of His sick; they loved one another fervently, and money had We thought of those people, so no power over them.

unapproachable, so unwilling to be Such a group may have been approached. We remembered the formed elsewhere; India is a great northern frontier of India, and word. But we knew nothing of it, how medical workers had opened and we had seen nothing anywhere doors shut to all others; and we except in the pages of our New wondered why in the South there Testament to give us hope that was no medical mission in this part such a thing could be. But it was of British India, specially bent on there, and so why should it not be reaching those who are hardest of here? That evening was not the

first time the hope of a Place of leaving it to our comrades who are Healing served in this way had in sympathy and give help, but in come. It had been forming slowly very deed we wait on God ourselves and surely. But that evening we and live the life of prayer.

put it into words, wrote it in our We need this life for our children log book, signed our names, and be- who are being prepared to be co- gan to watch and earnestly to work workers. From nurseries and towards this good thing. schools are coming girls and boys Years passed. "If the vision trained to do everything however menial, as India uses the word, for tarry, wait for it; it will surely love of their Lord Jesus. Our doccome, it will not tarry," was the word when, again and again, it was tors will carryon the new work in delayed. Now, at last we see the the spirit which has guided the old, fulfilment. It is here that we need "according to the pattern shown in the prayer of those who under- the Mount." And the pattern is stand. We need it for ourselves, that of the Indian family, where for if there is to be the continual the sons and daughters do not flow of the stream of healing en- measure their services by hours or ergies, for soul and for body, we by rupees, but each works for love must go on to learn much of the of the common purpose which holds deeper things of prayer. them together. Each member of such a family contributes accord- We read that our Lord left the ing to the gifts given, each gives crowds of sick, and went away to pray. When He returned, power for love's sake. None are high, none was with Him to heal. Again we are low, all are one in our Lord read of time taken from work for prayer, and then-"Power came Jesus. This pattern has been proved forth from Him, and healed them possible, though very difficult, and all." Are the twin forces of sin because it is so harmonious it is and pain and the depression that unbelievably happy in its out-workcan attack the spirit when hopes ing. But it is sharply assaulted, fall and are shattered, less awful and it demands much, yes all, of now than in those days? Is victory each one called and chosen to carry more easily accomplished? Do we .it into effect. So again we ask for need less than our Lord did, peri- prayer as we stand at the beginods of quiet, the withdrawal of ning of this new work. The devil spirit and of body, too, that there does not care how many hospitals may be time to touch the Invisible? we build, any more than he cares He who has set himself to seek the how many schools and colleges we face of his God in this way knows put up, if only he can pull our that there is nothing in the whole ideals down, and side-track us on of Christian experience more con- anything of any sort except the tested than just this-this purpose living of holy, loving, humble lives, of the heart, "Thy face, Lord, will and the bringing of men, women, I seek." But such prayer is our and children to know our Lord life. Jesus Christ, not only as Saviour Our Greatest Need but as Master and King.

We, His workers, need prayer If we refuse to be side-tracked, that we may not slip easily from we must be prepared to be often under the responsibility of prayer, shorthanded, for we shall have to

THE PLACE OF HEAVENLY HEALTH

look to our slowly growing-up boys Door of Health that we are using and girls for the greater part of for a pro tem hospital. They have our help. If it were not that the not the faintest desire to hear of Fellowship will gather round and our Lord Jesus. They have heard put even more than ever before in- of the religion of the Christians, to all that makes for the training "But who among us have followed of these to whom the doctors will that Way?" They have seen a few look for cooperation in the days to nominal Christians, and have not come, the work as they plan to do been attracted. They think that it, could not be done. they know all there is to know, Something has already been ac- and there are many layers of complished. By the help of our antagonism to penetrate before God we have been given the un- they can possibly be interested, purchasable gift of Truth. We can much less keen to hear of what they depend on our boys and girls and imagine they know all about. To men and women for sincerity and talk to them now, is like scatter- for loyalty. These great qualities ing seed on rock. Is there not need will be tested to the uttermnst for to pray for preparation for the pa- all the ways of bribery are familiar tients? If there is faithful prayer here, and it is impossible for the along this line may we not expect people to give them up till they to see prepared sick coming in, de- find such ways are useless. Our siring double healing? "Thou mak- nurses and orderlies and dispensers est the ground soft with showers."

. are continually being tested. Jewels And may we not expect conversions are offered, "And I will see to the even among Moslems and caste selling of them, and will ask only a Hindus? "Thou blessest the spring- small commission." Money, and ing thereof."

anything that can be turned into Let those who pray remember money is pressed upon them and that they are asking for something always, of course, secretely, with (to quote Judson in a similar con- the hope of obtaining thereby "first nection) "like getting the eye tooth quality medicine" or treatment of a live tiger." A true conversion better than could be had without from among those of whom we are this bribe. It is beginning to pene- specially thinking, is a tremendous trate that such ways are unknown thing to ask. There is no mass at Dohnavur, but we shall always movement among them to help. In need fortifying prayer. From the this part of South India a conver- first in our work there has been no sion among such people, that is a money lure, for in this sense we heart conversion, occurring with- have always been like Franciscans. out any attraction save the Cross But to begin is not to end. Pray for of Christ, is exceedingly rare.

our growing: children, that they The name given to our new hos- may choose Christ and His Cross, pital is Parama Suha Salai, Place with all of daily sacrifice and of of Heavenly (spiritual) Health.

sheer unearthly joy that such a Towards the fulfilment of the choke implies. prayer contained in th.at name We need prayer for the people every plan is bent, every purpose who will come for healing. There directed. This means that the work- is at the moment of writing a Brah- ers must have time for personal man family in the house called witness and prayer, and bed to bed

teaching. Noone will be paid to you can hear its bell rung hour by preach to the patients. Those who hour for a few moments quiet all minister to their bodily needs will over the place. The central hospital be the most likely to be able to building has a low prayer tower help them spiritually. We all recog- above the operating theater. There, nize this. The little children of the as here, we openly count very family will sing to them; this will greatly upon prayer. We see many be their happy share in the service. dreams come true, and our hearts "But this is heaven," said one old go out to our wonderful God in ad- patient as he lay in pain and weari- oration and thanksgiving. The ness though not too ill to be cheered drawing shows Dr. Murray Webb by the sight of colored lanterns and Peploe's general sketch of the oper- the sound of children singing. Won ating theater and Prayer Room.

by the sweetness of it all, he began A hospital compound with all the to listen, and we believe that he buildings required for doctors, turned in truth to our Lord. nurses, patients, and friends; for True Success proper sanitation and light and X-ray plant is a great undertaking The thought running through but with us is the Lord our God, everything that is being planned is and years of waiting upon Him lie personal work. What is called suc- behind this work. We must not cess goes down before that thought. lean back as if all were already ac- We are learning and must yet complished. It is only begun. Lead- learn to value what God most val- ing out from the Parama Suha ues, and what He values most we Salai there will be medical itinerat- learn at the Cross of Calvary. From ing work-the Lord opening the the first it has been recognized that way-and this needs prayer as the baptism of a Moslem or a caste much as the other. Such work is man or woman would probably new in this part of the country, and mean that the hospital would be if it be done for spiritual ends only, emptied temporarily. We are not and in spiritual ways, it will be lightly facing the battle which contested and hindered and if pos- awaits us. Failure as the world and sible ended almost before it has be- the Church too, calls it, may be gun. Therefore we ask for prayer written across Qur work. But the . for guidance, for opened towns and difficult not the easy, carries an ap- opened hearts, and, for ourselves, peal, and our Lord never asked us for the kind of love that is never for success as we see it, but for tired of loving.

obedience. In the end we know that What will this work of prayer there will be victory, for He must mean to those who pray?

reign. Every new work undertaken in The land on which the hospital obedience to a divine command, stands faces the mountains; only whether the work be that form of the rocky bed of a stream (dry ex- conflict with the powers of dark- cept after rain) runs between it ness that we call prayer, or wheth- and our compound, with its 400 er it be the action that follows, children, girls, boys, men and wom- leads sooner or later to a new de- en. From the open field where the mand on personal devotion to our hospital stands, you can see the Lord Jesus Christ, who asks of His tower of the House of Prayer, and la-vers, not part, but all. Mrs. C.

T. Studd's words are true: "The and dealt with as cases, but to feel evangelization of the world can at home, to watch, to thaw, to al- only be carried on by men and low those who take their names, women who are really warriors. and wash their bandages and dress Mission work ought to be carried their wounds to share with them on like warfare. During war all what the Lord Jesus Christ has know separation; and must be done and can do for them. Will separated from their children, and you continue to pray that God may parents from parents. The world send as our patients those who are is not evangelized to-day because spiritually hungry? He can do there is not the sacrifice it de- this, and has already begun to do mands." More and more it is borne it.

upon us that nothing adequate will 2. That our children may have ever be done in these lands till both in this work another vision of un- God's men and women at home and selfish service. (They have already we who are o-n the field learn more before their eyes the outpoured of what it means to bind the sacri- lives of those who care for them fice with cords even to the horns day in, day out, for no earthy re- of the altar. Is it not true that ward.) The hospital should be an many of us tie, as it were, our sac- Avenue of Gratitude along which rifice quite loosely to the altar, and they can go to meet their own peo- a very gentle pull is enough to un- ple of this land of India, showing loose it? to them the kindness and the love Father, forgive us~not so didst of God our Saviour. The determina- Thou give. Saviour, forgive us- tion to use our own home-forged not so was Thy giving. Bind the material for the staff, to train a sacrifice, 0 Jesus Christ, our great team to work just as all do through- High Priest-Thou who wast Thy- out the Fellowship, requires much self bound and pierced, and held time and guidance; for such a fast by Thy constraining love, bind tradition cannot be jerry-built, and the sacrifice with cords, lest we the material can hardly be import- fail Thee in the hour when Thou ed ready-made.

dost count upon us, not for part, 3. That God may be able to use but for all. the varying gifts of birth and race A Word From the Doctor to the caste-bound people round us, with whom the question of birth At what do we -feel that God counts far too much, and bars the would have us aim? way for many who could help them 1. That the Parama Suha Salai and makes them so difficult to may be, as its name implies, the reach.

Place of Heavenly Health where 4. That every member -of the people may find not only healing hospital team, whatever be their of the body but Him whom to know job, may have both the desire and is Life Eternal. That prayer may the time to do the evangelistic be the heart of the work, as the work, which is really just to make central prayer room in the low it the business of their life to share tower over the operating room the Good News with others.

would remind us. That this may 5. That the staff may be suffi- be a place where the people may cient to allow a team to be out in come not to be preached at, dosed, the district for part of the year.

2

The VlSlOn is that these raiding- ing Solomon's scheme for his lumparties should tackle a town or vil- ber gangs, would seem to be the lage' where there are openings ideal. This all means a bigger staff through grateful and friendly pa- and more facilities for training tients, visit the houses personally than would at first appear to be with literature, run a mobile dis- necessary.

pensary, feed in the serious cases As regards the plan of the Parawho are willing to come to the hos- ma Suha Salai we did very definitepital, follow up old patients, and ly ask for guidance from Him who perhaps get in touch with those gave the details of the Tabernacle and who is the Master Builder. who can rescue children. Three teams each doing two months in MURRAY WEBB PEPLOE, hospital and one month out, foIlow- The Elder Brother at the House of Health.

I recently returned from a large area sorely stricken for want of rain. Going from city to city and from town to town, I had ample opportunity to observe the effects of the drouth.

Water was daily conveyed in tank cars from distant places. Water had become a very precious thing.

When will the need of the Water of Life grip men's hearts?

When will the crying spiritual needs of men around the world arouse a church that has plenty, to share the Water of Life with every tribe and people? FRANCIS SHUNK DOWNS.

PRODIGAL SON AlVIONG

Abraham's Prayer for Ishmael BY THE REV. SAMUEL M. ZWEMER, D.D., Princeton, New Jersey I N BETHLEHEM, Pennsyl- the extent of its influence, the areas vania, it was my privilege re- overshadowed by its darkness, cently to worship with the saintly souls have again and again brethren of the Moravian Church. come back to that pathetic story of Their missionary history is well Ishmael, the exile. In a real sense, known, but perhaps it is not so Islam is the prodigal son among well known that in the Litany used the nonchristian religion,s. This every Sunday morning there is a faith arose six centuries after special prayer for the Kingdom of Christ and presents a problem es- God which includes the oldest mis- sentially different from that of sionary collect in the world. It goes Hinduism and Buddhism, and other back to Abraham, the Father of ethnic faiths. When Mohammed, the faithful [l.nd the friend of God, the prophet, turned his back on and sums up in one sentence His Jerusalem, toward which he first love for Ishmael, the prodigal son worshipped, and prayed toward of the Old Testament. Mecca, the great apostasy began.

The Litany reads as follows: The Religion of the Desert has car- o Lord, the hope of Israel, and the ried its id£as and ideals across the centuries and across the seven seas, desire of all nations: until now it dominates North Af~ Have mercy on Thy ancient covenant rica, Central and Western Asia, and has its adherents in every part people, deliver them from their blind- of the world..Surely in a sense that ness: o that Ishmael might live. before Thee; Abraham never imagined, Ishmael Prosper the endeavors of all Thy has become a great nation. Arabia, servants to spread Thy Gospel; next to Palestine, has become the mother of a spiritual world domin- Bless us and all other Christian con- ion. gregations gathered from among the heathen; The Dutch poet, Da Costa, who was of Jewish descent, gathered Keep them as the apple of Thine together in his great epic, "Hagar," eye: some of the promises in the Bible Hear us, gracious Lord and God. for the sons of Ishmael. Even in o praise the Lord, all ye nations: Praise Him, all ye people.

a translation the fire of his poetic To hear a large congregation use genius is not extinguished: this Litany reminded me of the or- Mother of Ishmael! The word that ganization of the Arabian Mission God hath spoken in 1889. Professor J. G. Lansing chose this prayer of Abraham as Never hath failed the least, nor was the motto text for the new mission. His promise broken. It was his favorite text in preaching on missions to Mohammedans. Whether in judgment threatened or as blessing given; Face to face with the tragedy of Whether for time and earth or for eternal heaven, Islam, the problem of its origin, To Esau or to Jacob . . .

179

The patriarch prayed to God, while And to the Holy Ghost, life-giver, bowing in the dust: whose refreshing "Oh that before thee Ishmael might Makes all earth's deserts bloom with live !-His prayer, his trust. living showers of blessing!

Nor was that prayer despised. that Da Costa wrote nearly eighty promise left alone 'years ago.. Missions are now firmly established in Arabia and the Near Without fulfillment. For the days shall East, but the prayer of Abraham is come still on the lips of the missionaries, when hope deferred makes the When Ishmael shall bow his haughty heart sick; when they toil all the chieftain head night and the nets yield nothing. When they consider the large areas Before that Greatest Chief of Isaac's still unoccupied and the multitudes royal seed. still unreached with the Gospel message, they long for a deeper Thou, favored Solomon, hast first ful- interest in the home churches and a fillment seen baptism of a spirit of love, so that we may run out to meet the prodi- Of Hagar's promise, when came sup- gal and have Abraham's faith in pliant Sheba',s queen. God's faithfulness.

Next, Araby the blest brought Beth- Miss Fay Inchfawn strikes a lehem's newborn King, deep note in a poem entitled "Ish- mael" which appeared in the Her myrrh and spices, gold and offer- Woman's Magazine, May, 1930, ing. (London); not only the prayer on Abraham's lips but the love in Again 0 at P~ntecost they came, first- Abraham's heart is what we need fruits of harvest vast; as we face the Moslem world. She pictures Abraham speaking: When, to adore the name of J estis, at the last How often when the tent is warm at night- To Zion's glorious hill the nation's joy to share And Sarah'os eyes are gay- When Isaac, child of laughter and de- The scattered flocks of Kedar all are gathered there, light, Shouts in his play, Nebajoth, Hefa, Midian. . . . Dancing in glee about the sandy floor- My heart goes to the door- Then Israel shall know Whose heart And follows-oh, the long and weary their hardness broke, trail!- Whose side they pierced, Whose curse My other son, Ishmael. they dared invoke. When the well-digger found a new And then, while at His feet they deep well mourn His bitter death, My heart said instantly: "How can I Receive His pardon. . . • tell, Before Whose same white throne Gen- He may be thirsty 1" – When they tile and Jew shall meet brought new bread With Parthian, Roman, Greek, the far Before I tasted it my spirit said: North and the South, "Is Ishmael hungry?" On my bed at From Mississippi's source to Ganges' night giant mouth, And every tongue and tribe -shall join in one new song, Redemption! Peace on earth and good will unto men; The purpose of all ages unto all ages sure. Amen.

Glory unto the Father! Glory the Lamb, once slain, Spotless for human guilt, exalted now to reign!

DO PUEBLO INDIANS SPEAK JAPANESE?

I wonder: "Is he sleeping 1" When We have great peace without him- delight peace, and yet- In any guise comes near me, then I I never once forget. say: Lord God, Whose covenant has made "How fares Ishmael today 1" me blest; .

Isaac's a friendly lad! Lord God, Who made my fold both Shepherds and herdsmen press safe and wide, To do his bidding, glad Father of Mercies, would'st Thou have To share his friendliness. me rest Isaac is loved and petted by the clan, While Ishmael's outside? And Ishmael was at war with every This feeling should move us as man- we think of the sons of Ishmael.

DO PUEBLO INDIANS SPEAK JAPANESE?

BY THE REV. A. J. MONTGOMERY, D.D., New York Board of National Mission. oj the Pre8byterian Oh'urch. U. B. A.

W HEN the Rev. H. Carroll prepare a grammar in the Keresan Whitener, who had been a language but his manuscript was Presbyterian missionary in never published. It has now been Japan, made a trip through New decided that hereafter all mission- Mexico, in 1927, he was astounded aries to the Keres-speaking and to discover a remarkable similarity Tiwa-speaking pueblos must learn between the Keres tongue (a lan- to preach in the native tongue.

guage spoken by pueblo dwelling In 1929, Mr. Whitener was com- Indians) and the Japanese. This missioned as missionary to these similarity extends not only to vari- pueblo inhabiting Indians and im- ous words of elemental character, mediately attacked the problem but to the grammatical construc- through the language. He began tion as well. This unexpected dis- to amass a great list of words for covery contains an interesting a dictionary and studied the lan- problem for the ethnologist. How guage under the best instructors came it that a tribe of Indians he could find. As a result he has found in the mesas of New Mexico completed the grammar of the use Japanese words? Keres language and this will soon The Board of National Missions be published.

of the Presbyterian Church has Mr. Whitener has now prepared been working for over fifty years a translation of the first four chap- among these pueblo dwelling Indi- ters of the Gospel of Matthew in ans in New Mexico, having entered Keresan. This little pamphlet is en- the field originally at the invitation titled, Jesus Christo Tsiianishe, of General Grant. Until recently it (Now the birth of Jesus Christ was was assumed that the English or on this wise.) This was published the Spanish language was all that last December and is, therefore, a a missionary need understand to Christmas gift to the Keres people.

minister to the Keres, possibly with It has already proved to be an open the occasional help of an interpret- sesame to the pueblo Indians. While er. One of the early missionaries, there has been opposition on the Rev. John Menaul, had begun to part of some to anyone learning

their language, it appears that of the printed page with open since the white man has reduced mind and, let us hope that they their language to print they are will receive the story of Christ and amazed and are receiving the story His Gospel with open hearts.

ARMENIANS IN BUENOS AIRES BY THE REV. HAIG ADADOURIAN l'(lId()r~ First Congregational Clittrch, lrcst Tisburll~ ~lIass.

T HE word Diaspora is now as gelical Church of Buenos Aires" is inseparable a part of the the name of the new organization. Armenian national existence It is a Congregational church, as as it has been of the Hebrews from its constituents are the result of time immemorial. Up to the World the labors of the missionaries of War, Armenians, a "countryless" the American Board of Commisif not homeless people, had been sioners for Foreign Missions. settled chiefly in Russia, Turkey "The Kansas City Confession" is and Persia since the loss of their their creed. independence early in the fourteenth century. There were, in To effect the organization, the round numbers, one million souls in Armenian Missionarry Association each of the first two countries, a half million in Persia, and a half of New York sent me to Buenos million in other parts of the world. Aires, as its special commissioner. Since the World War, the Arme- A constant effort and preaching nians exiled from Turkey are domi- for two months brought about the ciled with more or less permanency desired result. I was ably assisted in Greece, Palestine and Syria, and by Dr. W. E. Browning, and the now, North and South America, so Revs. B. F. Stockwell, J. D. Montthat there is a real Armenian Di- gomery, Augusto Kiehl, and H. aspora. The United States and Amiriantz, all of Buenos Aires. Canada have sheltered 120,000 and in Argentina, Uruguay and Brazil With consecrated leadership, perhaps 20,000 more have found the new church has every prospect safety and employment. Of these of growth and usefulness in this, more than half live in Buenos the largest city of Latin America. The members of a church composed Aires. of a historic Christian race, the They are divided into three cree- first Christian nation of the world, can, by the help of God, become a dal groups-:-the Gregorians, or helpful factor in the development members of the National Church of evangelical Christianity in the of Armenia, the Roman Catholics, great Republic of Argentina. With and the Evangelicals. The first the blood of countless Christian two groups have already been martyrs coursing their veins, the organized as churches. The third members of this new church can group was organized with one. reasonably be expected to give a hundred members, in St. Andrew's good account of the faith that is in Scots' Presbyterian Church, last them and of the stewardship to February. "The Armenian Evan- which the great Head of the church has called them.

VORLD-WIDE MISSIONS

ATLANTIC CITY BY REV. GEORGE H. TRULL, New York City Seoretary lor Specifio Woyk, Board of Porcign MisgiQ"us oj the Prcsbytedan Churoh, U. S. A.

M ANY people would like to be overthr,own, though in certain present at the interesting areas the advance of His Kingdom Annual Conference of the may be temporarily retarded.

Foreign Mission Boards of North Dr. John R. Mott advised that America, but admission is only by we look upon relating the money card. For thirty-eight years repre- power of the world to Kingdom in- sentatives of the Protestant mis- terests as a spiritual enterprise.

sionary agencies of the United We must appeal to the mind, the States and Canada have met to- reason and the heart. Money gifts gether to consider the present cOon- must be sought as we seek to win ditions, problems and plans for the souls-by personal approach. These future. The gathering includes mis- interviews never become easy. Dr.

sionaries from every continent, Henry Clay Trumbull told Dr.

intimately familiar with field facts Mott at Northfield many years ago and problems; nationally known that he had had ten thousand in- Board secretaries; pastors and lay- terviews with people in his efforts men. The work of Christian mis- to lead them to Jesus Christ, and sions has become a science and is that it was just as hard for him their chief concern. with the last one as with the first.

A fine spiritual tone pervaded all It is a good thing that it is dif- the sessions of the recent Confer- ficult to ask individuals of large ence at Atlantic City (January 13- wealth for money for missions be- 16) and the early morning period cause then it means real effort and of prayer offered a good start for sacrifice on the part of the advo- each day. The existing situations cate. "In the Foreign Mission en- on the foreign fields were squarely terprise," said Dr. Matt, "we have faced to discover their underlying something that merits the atten- meaning and how to meet them. tion of people of large affairs. They The problems of home administra- do not deal in fractions, but in tion were reviewed but the present large units. We must therefore business depression was not re- present tangible needs that appeal garded as a necessary hindrance to to the imagination, and that some- the enterprise. Christians have times call people to do the seemingmoney to give if their interest can ly impossible. Some people are not be aroused and if they can be con- giving to Foreign Missions because vinced that the gifts are worth we are not sharing with them the while. There was no note of pes- largeness and freshness of what simism because of decreased re- God is doing. We must speak ac- ceipts or because of menacing curately and specifically of the forces like Communism. These and progress of God's Kingdom and other problems were faced with show His power at work in the the quiet assurance that Jesus world."

Christ and His cause cannot be The present hard times in 183

America may be a distinct advant- and strategic influence as an advo- age," said Dr. Mott, "if they pro- cate of Foreign Missions in his lo- duce humility. They may lead to cal church. He seeks to stem the the discovery of new and better tide of secularism and materialism, ways of doing things; to a wiser to lift his people to higher levels of and more economical use of money. thought and aspiration, and to en- They demand that we evaluate large their vision of Christianity needs and put first things first. as more than a personal or com- Martin Luther declared that every munity enterprise. The pastor great opportunity that came to him needs help and the mission boards was preceded by some difficulty or must give him fresh information problem. The present financial situ- and interpretation of changes and ation in America may be but the problems on the mission field. They f.orerunner of a greater opportu- must help him to sense the World nity for the Church of Christ. Let us Mission of Jesus Christ. They must be prepared to meet it in a chas- help him gain a new sense of the tened and humble spirit. Christ missionary motives. They must counted the cost of establishing the make it possible for him to answer Kingdom of God in the earth and constructively the criticisms which He paid it. So must His Church in appear in certain magazine articles this twentieth century. and in the daily press.

The wealth of the United States Present Day Issues at the present time is greater than that of a dozen of the other leading The present situation on the for- nations of the world combined. In eign field was presented from sev- a recent year over two billion, three eral angles. Dr. Ralph W. Sock- hundred million dollars have been man, of New York, spoke on given by Americans to benevolent "Jesus' Conception of the Re- and altruistic causes. But even this deemed Society," and Dr. Sher- large giving is not in proportion to wood Eddy discussed some "Living the increased incomes of Ameri- Issues in the Present Day Mission- cans. ary Situation."

"How Shall We Keep the Spirit- Communism was mentioned by ual Note Dominant in Missionary several speakers, as one of the Promotion ?" was an important greatest present day foes of mis- topic dealt with by Dr. Robert E. sions on the foreign field. Dr. Eddy Speer. By the spiritual note we referred to Russia as "the largest mean more than what is humanis- country in the world, trying the tic or altruistic. It is the Christ- boldest experiment in history." One note. Our arguments, illustrations great challenging evil is the denial and appeals for the support of Mis- of personal liberty, a dictatorship sions must keep Christ dominant. that controls practically the entire We should use His name and por- life of the individual. It controls tray His transforming power. In agriculture, business, the radio, the some new way Christ must break press and all public utilities. One in on us, dominating our personal- challenging good in Russia is the ities, if we are successfully to pro- passion for social justice. The mote the missionary enterprise at amenities of life are not looked up- home and abroad. on as reserved for the few, but art, The pastor holds a commanding music, culture are presumably for

DISCUSSING WqRLD-WIDE MISSIONS AT ATLANTIC CITY

all. In his recent world tour Dr. alism from the shores of the Medi- Eddy found Communism in every terranean to the borders of the student audience in China and Ko- Yellow Sea. Though its expression rea. Half of the students of China may have subsided in Egypt, Syria are practically committed to Com- and Palestine, it lies dose to a senmunism which is in a life and death sitive surface. Jesus was faced with struggle for control. Communism this spirit in Judea when He was asked if it were proper to pay tribis the implacable foe of religion. ute to Cresar. It is a natural and Not only Christianity, but Judaism elemental feeling. Christianity has is persecuted in Russia. Religion is helped to stimulate nationalism looked upon as a disease, the opiate throughout the world. "If the misthat capitalists and imperialists use sionary has the spirit of his Masto drug the people. ter," said Dr. Henry Hodgkin, "he· will try to appreciate the feeling of Fletcher S. Brockman, for many the Nationalist. The missionary years in Y. M. C. A. work, said that must be fair and sympathetic; he in Russia Communism is an articu- must also be humble and ready to lated system while in China it rep- learn from the natives. But we resents policies Russia has intro- must never forget that, as Chrisduced to bring China into the world tians, we belong to an international revolution. The Russian Commun- body which teaches love rather ists have announced to the Chinese than hatred." There are sinister that the Christian Church must features to nationalism which show first be destroyed. They have also themselves in such excesses as the attacked Confucian morality, strik- brutal massacre of Armenian subing a blow at filial piety, even mur- jects by Turkey. These excesses dering parents and committing in- blind the spiritual life and religious factors in civilization. cest to show disregard of Confucian ethics and all morality. The Reform Movements in Non-Christian Communists show ardor, loyalty to Religions their cause, and self-sacrifice. They are willing to go to any extremes The restlessness, aspiration and in cruelty, pillage and murder, not longing of youth in many nonbeing bound by any code of morals. Christian lands for a new religion The present Nationalist Govern- was described by Professor Odius, ment in China is opposed to Com- of Hartford. Intellectuals are lookmunism. Many in the government ing to science, others to romantiare Christians, and most of them cism and others to resthetics. New were educated in missionary col- sects have arisen in Japan with leges and schools. The apparent a million adherents. Some in China anti-Christian attitude of some in are operating under cover. Christhe Nationalist Government, said tian ideas are being adopted and Mr. Brockman, is an effort to tide social service is being engaged in over a very difficult situation. on a large scale. Buddhists long ago Edicts are issued which mayor may adopted Christian methods of work not be enforced, depending largely and are planning a world mission. upon the local officials. The Na- Already they have established tionalist Government seems to be themselves in Europe, Great Brigrowing more friendly toward tain, Hawaii and the western part Christianity. Asia is now aflame with Nation-

of the United States. Hinduism is Jesus Christ more clearly and con- also trying to spread to the United sistently. He alone can satisfy the States. A most interesting move~ moral and spiritual hunger of man- ment within Islam is strengthening kind. The w,orld is open to those conservative Mohammedanism, said who are willing to go out as friends Dr. Paul Harrison, of Arabia. It is to the peoples in non-Christian known as Wahabiism and is an at~ lands. There is everywhere a long- tempt to purify Moslem morals, ing for world peace and there is a condemning immorality, lying and hunger for God. Racialism is a the use of tobacco. The movement deeper universalism seeking ex- has spread over Central Arabia pression. Truth is universal. There and has extended to Afghanistan is no Indian astronomy nor Mrican and Kurdistan. It represents a de- mathematics. So true religion is . sire on the part of Central Arabia universal and we can proclaim the to attain to a simple and satisfac- message of Christ with confidence tory conception of one great omnip- in His ultimate victory. .otent God. Dr. Cleland B. McAfee, the new The Brahmo-Somaj of India is secretary of the Presbyterian an eclectic faith which is making Board of Foreign Missio,ns, called little headway, but the Arya-Somaj upon the Conference to face the is nationalistic and is very virile. primal question as to what our mis- The Ramakrishna Mission is sionary effort is all about. The ranked as the most vital of all of Communist and the Hindu do not the Hindu sects and adopted some know what Christianity is. The ,of the methods of Christianity. opposition to the Christian religion generally arises because of igno- We are facing serious problems, rance as to its true nature. Opposi- but not all these disturbing ele- tion, therefore, is our opportunity ments in the present situation are to state what Christianity is and disabilities or liabilities. This up- to exemplify it. "What is this re- heaved world is an inspiration and a stimulus, said Dr. Robert E. ligion that I want to see established Speer. Many forces are at work and we find in the old world awak- around the world? It is a spiritual ening a passionate demand for edu- religion and it therefore disregards cation and a cry for light. In the national lines. Perhaps the answer atmosphere of Nationalism it as to the essential nature and pur- should be easier to develop an in- pose of Christianity would trans- digenous Church. The disintegra- form the attitude of some who have tion of old ethical and religious thus far given little thought to the loyalties summon us to present claim ,of Christ and His mission upon their lives or possessions."

PRIVILEGE EVBRYWHERE It may be that God used to give you plentiful chance to work for Him. Your days went singing by, each winged with some enthusiastic duty for the Master whom you loved …… You can be idle for Him, if so He wills, with the same joy with which you once labored for Him. The sick bed or the prison is as welcome as the harvest field or the battle field, when once your soul has come to value as the end of life the privilege of seeking and finding Him.-Phillips Brooks.

EDUCATION IN HOME

MOUNTAIN SCHOOLS BY MRS. VERNER G. EARLY, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma W HEN our Lord called His wasted hours and lives are a form disciples he did not promise of folly; that laziness is a vice, to make them rich, famous and improvidence a thing to be or great. Nor did he even promise ashamed of.

to make them happier or better. All educational systems of learn- He simply offered to make them ing have found out that no faculty useful. "If you will come with me can be developed except by its own I will make you fishers of men." exercise. Muscles grow by use; Christ evidently believed that the reasoning powers by reasoning; men to whom he made this propo- affection by loving some one; sition would not disappoint him. obedience by obeying; musical And history proves only one of the ability by singing; conversational twelve failed him. Even in the charm by talking. So all the activ- face of this Christ was not disap~ ities concerned in religion are pointed. "Follow me and I will made voluntary and in a sense ha- make you useful," Christ meant, bituaI by repeated performance.

"in my Kingdom." They become a sort of second na- Again and again, men and wom- ture. One does them almost as if en achieve the impossible, so to by instinct. Thus are the moun- speak, under the encouragement of tain people of our mISSIOn Christ's assurance that "I will schools taught character building change your life …. and you can and industry. They learn to do by accomplish …. can do marvelous the doing.

things in my Name." He informed The pastor of a Baptist church them that if they came along life's in Tennessee wrote as follows sev- way with Him they would find eral years ago concerning his ex- hardships and dire persecution. perience as a student in one of our He promised them no offer of what mountain schools. "As I think of the world calls good or fine or gave my teachers in the preparatory any secondary enticement of any school in the North Carolina moun- sort whatsoever. His was an offer tains, one of the strongest impres- merely of the opportunity of. living sions that remains with me is they righteous lives, of giving personal knew and loved Jesus Christ. How service—service where the work is this was seen in their daily lives!

hard and yet full of joy. Jesus How it burned in their chapel Christ thus obtained his followers talks; how it frequently glowed in and gave the world its saints. the classrooms; how the spirit of Isn't this precisely what religious it pervaded all their instructions."

education given in our mission This same former student refers mountain school and denomina- to the Southern Baptist Home tional colleges offers and does? It Board schools as "power-houses"

makes men and women useful citi- in the mountains. Others have zens and fits them for the right characterized the m as "light- places in life; teaches them that houses." They are both. They are 187

sending streams of light into the section of the eighteenth century alive lives of thousands of the boys and in the twentieth century, visit the girls of the hills, transforming back-country of 'Our S'Outhern m'Ounthem into powers of blessing for tains. home, society and church life. At 'One time pioneer America was These schools do thorough work. the land 'Of the l'Og cabin. N'Ow The teacher who is disposed to America is the land of brick, stone slight the work is not retained. and steel. But in the Appalachians, The pupils when they go to college the pioneer log cabin remains unfind that they easily rank with the changed since the days of the pilstudents from the best preparatory grims-one r'Oom; a great stone fireand high schools in the land. In place; perhaps a single glassless addition to literary training, these wind'Ow with a pig under it 'On the outmountain schools give instruction side t'O serve as a s'Ort of animated in Bible, missions, Sunday-school garbage pail to which anything may training, domestic science, home be thrown that is not wanted in the economics, manual training and cabin. agriculture. Above all, the main thought is to see that each pupil Very often there are no windows receives the fulness of Christ so at all. A young man who had been that all the advantages gained from out to see the world came back to his the schools may be effective for the mountain home. glory of God, the prosperity of the Kingdom, and for the comfort, "Here!" he said. "We ought t'O have honor and service of humanity. windows in this house," and he pro- This information, gained from ceeded to cut them in. The famliy The Christain Herald, was both looked on passively. interesting and instructive: When he had gone, the family be- Back in the eighteenth century, the came active. Southern pilgrim fathers crossed the sea. Those who remained on the l'Ow- "What's the use of having these lands near the coast pr'Ogressed with holes to let in the wind?" they said, the pr'Ogress 'Of the times. Th'Ose wh'O and they boarded them up. penetrated the Appalachian M'Ountains and succeeded in getting through Then there is the occasional mounthem t'O the fertile plains 'On the 'Other taineer who can't be bothered building side, have als'O pr'Ogressed, their habits a permanent cabin at all. For him and ideas changing with the changing moving is a simple matter. "When I times. But there were s'Ome wh'O g'Ot move," said one, "all I hatter do is as far as the m'Ountains and then an put out the fire and call the dog." axle-tree br'Oke d'Own, or 'One 'Of the party became ill, or they fell in l'Ove Yet the hUnger of the mountainwith the dreamy blue haze and the eer for an "eddication," is pathetic. w'O'Ods and the hills. They st'Opped in The public schools cannot satisfy the m'Ountains. that hunger, for they are few and far between, and the few schools Shut away fr'Om the w'Orld, im- that do exist are usually open only prisoned in the glorious freedom of during the summer months. Hence the land 'Of the sky, they have known the urgent need for mISSIOn nothing 'Of the movements of men. schools. These schools conducted The speech and habits of another land by the Southern Baptists in the have remained. Civilization stopped Southern highlands are doing a with them. If you wish to see a cross- work of practical Christian educa- tion which cannot be surpassed anywhere in the world. And the students in these schools mean business. Most of them work their

RELIGIOUS EDUCATION IN HOME MISSION MOUNTAIN SCHOOLS

way through on their own re- of a large hospital. Such a deter- 8ources. mination to get an education im- plies that the education given by Think of a primary pupil fifteen the mission schools must be worthyears old! Yet, many of the moun- while. And it is. tain young people are that age before they have the opportunity to Some one expressed it: Japanese get their first schooling. Unable flower arrangement, !esthetic dancto use a knife and fork, never hav- ing and Greek are not taught. ing seen a doll, knowing none of Most of the mountaineers are the things that surround most farmers, and they are therefore young people, a girl of fifteen av- taught how to cultivate and plant, plied for an education. She was how to judge livestock, build a silo, unable to walk up and down stairs plant; prune fruit trees and raise in the school building without fall- hogs and calves. All of this of ing-a common difficulty among course is in addition to reading, mountaineers since there are no writing, mathematics and the orstairways in their small cabins. dinary academic course. The girls But given the opportunity, she de- are taught neat carpentering of the veloped into a leader, won the prize simple pieces of furniture needed in debate, took honors in her stud- in the home, gardening, physiology ies, and is today a graceful and accomplished young lady long ago and home nursing, "household and having graduated from an Eastern farm arithmetic," domestic scieIlj;!e, college. dressmaking and house-furnishing. All the work at the school is done These inCidents I read: A boy by the students,no servants beiug clad in a tight little coat and tight- employed. Regularly de t a i led fitting homespun breeches reaching groups of students care for the building, harvest the crops, erect half-way below his knees, riding new school buildings and barns on a train for the first time in his life, when he came to the school, when needed, make desks and entered the primary class at eight- tables, cook and serve the meals. een years of age. Now he is an For those who wish to study comintelligent, highly paid employee mercial subjects such as book- keeping, shorthand, telegraphy, in a large concern. provision is made. But the main Entering the primary at twenty- subjects are those needful in moun- tain farming and home-making two years of age, a girl was told and soul saving. at the end of the first year that it was no use, she simply could not One cannot learn farming from learn. But she persisted with the books alone. Therefore these help of a patient Christian woman schools usually possess a good-sized as a teacher. After a time, as if experiment farm, and the students by a miracle, her long closed mind after a lesson have more of the started to unfold like a flower and smell of soil and hogs about them she began to pick up everything. than the smell of books. For the It was as if her brain had awaken girls, practice cottages are proafter sleep. Later, she was grad- vided where they may actually keep house, plan meals, live on a uated with high honors and became budget and perform all the doa Red Cross nurse. During the mestic duties of a home. World War she was placed in a most important position as head

More than aU this, and best of rather than, as he thought, take all, these students are taught Jesus his life in his hands. Another I Christ, made to feel God's nearness heard of who, upon entering an as they are led to develop Christian characters and to act Christ- office building in Asheville, walked like as they live and move in God's up the five flights of stairs rather great outdoors, hidden away in the than risk his life in "the pesky nooks and crannies of the Appa- cage." lachian Mountains, and others equally as remote from civilization. The schooled mountaineer sees the world in perspective. He Many students develop into. Chris- knows that while his own settletian teachers, and teach in the ment may boast ten families or same mission schools where they more, Chicago, New York and received an education. Many be- Oklahoma City are still larger. He come ministers of the Gospel and knows so much about tilling the missionaries laboring in the home soil that he does not have to resort and foreign fields. This year the to moonshining to make a living. Home Board of the Southern Those who have become followers Baptist Convention reports the in- would rather starve than resort to crease in the numbers of minis- such a trade! Again, he has been terial students and Christian so thoroughly taught and had so wQrkers especially gratifying. The ingrained in his heart and mind schools report by far the largest and life the Christian manners and number of conversions among stu- way of living that he has too much dents of any previous year. spiritual clarity and breadth of view to desire to continue old Some one said to the president feuds. He is a God-fearing, a Godof one of our mountain schools, "I loving, Heaven-believing, faith-renotice a great difference in your ceiving, industrious, hard working, students. You must be drawing big, broad, clean, genuine, useful on a much higher class now than American. Yes, he is more than ten years ago." The answer was all this. The mountain man and that these were the younger broth- woman who have been trained in ers and sisters of the ones in the the mission schools are Christian school ten years ago, who had gone Americans. They are worthy citiback and leavened the homes. As a result of this leavening, the pres- zens. ent students were truly of a higher Thus are the mountaineers of class. today becoming useful Christians The mountaineer has been intro- and citizens of a Heavenly com- duced to the world by the mission monwealth because Christ set the schools. He no longer regards the example when He taught His people outside the mountains as "furriners," "outlanders" and chosen twelve how to labor and to "quar." He is not terrified by an serve. The religious education elevator or an automobile, as was that Christ taught was of the heart one whom I saw walk five miles and the hand as weU as of the head. It is the only education really worth while!

A JEW WAS

BY JACOB SILVERMAN, NEW YORK The following is a frank statement by a Jewish student as to the chief cause of bitter prejudice against Jesus Christ and His religion felt by European Jews, especially those from Russia. Can they be blamed? How much Christlike love must be shown toward them to overcome this false and anti-Christian background and to prepare them to receive Him Who came to save them.-EDITOR.

I WAS shocked when I first be- my young mind pictured the de- held the title of Rabbi Tratt- mand as some means of doing me ner's article "As a Jew Sees further injury. With my refusal Jesus."* It had never occurred to me that a Jew-not to mention a came a new outburst of kicks, Rabbi-would dare to write down punches, and shouts. Subconhis impression of this famous per- sciously, perhaps, my mind recordson. As I looked at the title I be- ed one of the cries: "Give it to gan to meditate: "why shouldn't a him, fellows! He's one of the dirty Jew, and especially a Rabbi, who understands the very emotions of Jews who killed Jesus!" t his people, write down what he thinks of a man who has so I dared not tell my mother of markedly influenced the trend of the occurrence for fear of frighthistorical events? Why, then, had ening her. A few days later, as I I been so shocked when I first be- was thinking over the entire matheld the title? What is there in ter trying to find some reason for my past that could possibly explain the beating, my mind suddenly my peculiar reaction?" burst forth with "Give it to him, fellows! He's one of the dirty My first contact with the name Jews who killed Jesus!" I started. of Jesus was a most dreadful one. "One of the dirty Jews who killed I was about nine years old. One Jesus! – dirty Jews who killed day on my way home from school Jesus! – killed Jesus!" I became I suddenly found m y s elf sur- frantic. What had they meant? rounded by .a band of young Ital- What right had they to say that I ians all shouting. I was terror was one of the dirty Jews who stricken. I knew I was in for a killed Jesus? Jesus? Who was beating, but the reason I did not this Jesus? I was sure I had never know. After they had thrashed heard of this person before. me, they threw me u p 0 n the ground with my face up. One of That day I asked my Hebrew them drew out a small iron cross, teacher to explain to me who Jesus placed it before my face, and de- was. Upon hearing the name, he manded that I kiss it. I really did arose, shaking, and commanded me not know the true symbolic mean- never to mention that name in his ing of the Cross at that time, and presence again. (Poor soul, his I refused to comply simply because wife and children had been stabbed to death before his very eyes by a band of drunken Christians in Russia.) *.. :icrilmcr's j{agflzine~ April, 1930. tHistoricaIly incorrect (writer's note).

191

That same night I asked my fa- the name for its connection with ther to tell me who Jesus was. HiR that scene of horror. answer was, "Silence, my son! I never want that name to issue As a r.esult of these various perfrom your mouth again!" He then secutions which have been related began to speak. He spoke as if he from generation to generation in were in a trance. He spoke not the homes of the Jews, the name of the life of Jesus, but of some Jesus and everything connected years back, in a little town in Rus- with the name, including the man sia-a most peaceful little town in all His dynamic and admirable with its beautiful little synagogue personality, have become a repulwhere the beloved Reb Samuel had sive force to the Jewish people. It conducted the ceremonies for al- is not that the Jewish people loathe most half a century. One day a the Man for what He did while He band of Christians descended upon lived-for that would require a the village and began plundering knowledge of the man's life, and, and killing. Reb Samuel, who was I am sure, a large number of my then in the midst of his prayer, people know very little about His came running out of the synagogue life. But it is the result of his with his Siadur in his hand and his having lived, the force which he Tallith around his shoulders. He had unknowingly aroused, the ran to one of the soldiers, demand- wave of destruction which has ing an explanation. The soldier come down through the ages castturned around, perceived the old ing horror upon a people-it is man, drew his knife, and with a that which has made that people shout "For Jesus!" plunged it into dread what they believed to be the the heart of the beloved Rabbi. key to their sufferings.

Under the circumstances the Even today we read of pogroms name Jesus could not have been and uprisings against Jews in vavery pleasing to my ears; but, rious parts of the world – Jews mark you, it was only the name. who wish to live peacefully, but I had no knowledge of the man cannot; Jews whose very souls try himself, nor, I am led to believe, to protest, but dare not. Is it any had my father. I was simply wonder that Jesus does not hold taught to loathe a sound, a name- an esteemed position in the Jewish Jesus, just as my father loathed religion, a position which right- fully is His?

FLORENCE NIGHTINGALE'S CREED I believe in God the Father Almighty, Maker of Heaven and Earth. And in Jesus Christ, His best loved son, our Master, who was born to show us the way through suffering to be also His sons and His daughters, His handmen and His handmaidens; who lived in the same spirit with the Father, that we may also live in that Holy Spirit; whose meat was I to do His Father's will and to finish His work; who suffered and died, saying, "That the world may love the Father." And I believe in the Father Almighty's love and friendship; in the service of God; the grow- ing into a likeness with Him by love; the being one with Him in will at last, which is Heaven. I believe in the plan of Almighty Perfection to make us all. perfect. And this I believe is the Life Everlasting.

CROSSES IN

BY THE REV. JOHN T. TUCKER, D.D., Bela Vista, Portugese East Africa -lli8sionary of the United Ohurch oj Oanoda and Priucipal oj 0/(,.,-i6 Institute, DOlld,t Angola J DAVID LIVINGSTONE, lost been engaged in anti-slavery work in the dim recesses of the on the west coast of Africa. Dark Continent, acted as a magnet to others who sought the As a result three missionaries extinction of the nefarious trade in were sent to Angola, in 1880, piohuman bodies and souls. Henry M. neers of international interest. Stanley, on his arduous mission, William H. Sanders, a son of an found his hero in Ujiji. When the American Board missionary hailed finding of the missionary-explorer fr.om Ceylon; W. W. Bagster, of rendered further search unneces- London Bible House fame, came sary, others, not less daring turned from California; S. T. Miller, son their thoughts to other ways of of a freedman of the Southern seeking the welfare of those "im- States, went to preach Good Tidings ages of God carved in ebony." to his own race. They took the message.of the Cross to the natives, Commander Cameron of the and proclaimed the Life which is British Navy, serving on the East life indeed. Death, as usual in those Coast of Africa, witnessed atroci- days, took heavy toll of the early ties on board the slave dhows that missionaries, but never for a moaroused a compelling desire to take ment did the heralds of Christ part in the suppression of the in- shrink from their task. Two other human traffic. This man of valiant societies later came to help in the courage was convinced that the evil work, the Brethren Mission led by could be effectively attacked only at F. S. Arnot, of England, and the its source in the interior, and be- Canadian Congregational Mission lieved that the naval slave patrol which joined forces with the Amerwas necessary. He decided to make ican Board and sent out Walter a transcontinental journey from Currie. east to west, as the Arab slavers had done. Destiny led him to An- Three crosses were erected durgola, but so shattered was his ing the jubilee celebrations last health by dysentery and malaria May, each symbolic to the Ovimthat he nearly failed to reach the bundu people. Atlantic seaboard. Friendly POTtugese at Benguela nursed him back The first cross represents the nato health, and he returned to Eng- tive pagan religious rites. From land. time immemorial the Ovimbundu have been in the habit of erecting Later Commander Cameron vis- within their strongly stockaded vilited America and called at the lages a symbol of divination called American Board in Boston to urge owulu. This divining cross consists the founding of a mission in Bie, of a stout pole, varying in height Angola, among the great Ovimbun- from ten to fifteen feet, with a du people, far-famed as intrepid transverse piece about nine inches traders. His plea met a response in from the top. Around this sacred Secretary Means who himself, in pole the natives danced on great octhe U. S. Brigatine "Dolphin," had casions. They believed that through its instrumentality the ancestral 3 193

spirits, the gods of the tribe or cross of discovery and civilization. community, communicated with The arrival of the Portuguese their afflicted and distracted chil- caravels in the Congo in 1492, after having plowed virgin seas, dren. marked the opening of an epoch. A great concourse gathered and Led by heroic commanders, the Portuguese sailors erected on chosdances were kept up continuously en headlands padr6es, stone crossto the accompainment vf drum es, symbolizing the new era of civbeating, with plentiful potions of ilization of commerce and developstrong beer to revive drooping ment. F.or generations the lands strength. The high priest of Kan- of Africa had lain dormant, but the dundu, itself the sacred ark of the coming of these pioneers signified people, was in the spirit house com- a new birth. Development did not muning with the spirits while the take place immediately, but a bepeople danced and drank. Suddenly ginning was made. Africa in transhe appeared, "seized with spirit," formation dates from the arrival and with great agility climbed the of the Lusitanian mariners from Qwulu, dexterously planting his the Tagus under Diogo Cao. It is feet on the transverse section of therefore fitting to remember these the cross. Standing erect, he gave men of old and their exploits. Comforth oracles' on the subject: merce is contributing greatly to the evolution of a new Africa. The new Does death decimate the people? civilization pulls down ancient The oracle says: "perhaps the fire standards and sets up new values is 'sick' and needs to be rekindled; in the remotest kraal of the resome warlock needs attention; rid motest tribe in the remotest jungle. the country of a pestilent fellow." Nothing escapes the all-embracing influence of railway and motor, of Do the village elders plan a trad- steamship and aeroplane; tractors ing expedition to the remote in- supplant the traditional hoe and terior? "Gain you shall find on the steam shovels now dig ore for great trip," speaks the ventriloquistic voice; slaves and tusks and rubber smelting works.

and wax." The third cross, that of Chris- Or the oracle may have an un- tian advance, is of wood, illumi- nated to symbolize the redemption favorable word. "Go if you choose, in Christ Jesus. The new Africa but loss and tribulation will be yours, perhaps even death itself." cannot live by bread alone. The African is out for new things. He Or the community wishes to is shedding his past and much that move io another district—death is good with it. The message of the and disease ravage the ranks; fields Gospel makes its unique appeal to perhaps do not yield their increase him, with its books which he reads or fertility is withheld. The people and re-reads; its slates and copy listen to the oracle as if entranced books which he uses and re-uses, and obey immediately. even when all the possible utility in them seems to have been exhaust- Such an ancient cross of divina- ed. A school is organized and a tion served generations and provided a sense of guidance to the schoolhouse is built and furnished, tribesmen. They were very reli- with the exception of no other regious, even though their beliefs were based on ignorance.

The second cross erected at the Jubilee is the Portuguese stone

IN THE DOMINICAN REPUBLIC

ward than the satisfaction in his and the bringing in of a hope for own heart and the gain for his the future with the assurance of children. The Christian African is God's leading through trying and a tower of strength in his com-· vexatious days. munity and, rightly led and in- In Angola land the Church of structed, responds favorably to the Christ is firmly rooted. Thousands new light and values which come of members and catechumens and with the acceptance of the Gospel. pupils are found. Songs of praise The third cross signifies to An- arise, and among the most grateful gola the redemption of thousands are those for the presence of Dr. of lives, betterment of living con- and Mrs. William H. Sanders, who diUons, abolition of harmful and are still spared to the work after age long superstitions by the ex- fifty years of transforming minpulsive power of a new affection, istry.

IN THE DOMINICAN REPUBLIC BY REV. H. F. JOHNSON, Santiago OVER f,orty years ago Mr. istry to assume more responsibility Samuel Mills heard the call in the work. A Provisional Annual to become a missionary to Conference was organized, comthe Spanish-speaking people of the posed of thirty-two members, lay- Dominican RepUblic. He was then men and ministers. Seven native a prosperous business man in Ash- men were ordained and two more tabula, Ohio, but when the voice were taken on trial. An extensive said, "Arise and go toward the evangelistic campaign was worked south," he went. Through many out; and a plan for self-support was instituted. Even though the trials and discouragements he la- past year has been depressing fibored for seven long years before nancially, yet the campaign has been most satisfactory. It has been the precious seed took root. After a year of great blessing. more years of labor the Christians were organized into a Free Meth- This Free Methodist work is conodist Church. There has been per- ducted in sixty-five stations on the secution, and bitter opposition to north side of the island, in the the work and a number of mission- Cibao valley. Some places are aries have given their lives to the still unoccupied, but efforts are befield. Others have returned to the ing put fcrth to enter every hamlet homeland, having worn themselves with the Gospel message. Besides seven ordained men, there are thirout. ty other workers, mostly laymen, local preachers, and evangelists. DUring the last few years there There are over 1,500 members in has been a remarkable growth in the Sunday-schools. The Santiago the work both on the north side of church, whose pastor is Miss Nellie the island and ,on the south, where Whiffen, is a complete self-support- American Mission Boards are con- ing institution. This is the first ducting a union work. Our work church to take this step in the Redeveloped to such an extent that it became necessary last year to make some provision for the nat~ve min-

public. There are a multitude of the island, since the real center of sympathizers, but we only count the "Vendaval" (blow from the the ones whom we believe to be sea) was at the Capital city. It really converted, and that number was a real hurricane that came up is about 600, of the "twice born." out of the sea in all its twisting It is uplifting to attend one of their fury, and lasted for hours. A few meetings and listen to their con- days afterwards, when the traffic gregational singing, their public was open, a group of us went to the testimonies and prayers. They re- Capital and saw the poor people veal the moral and spiritual value without homes, many with terrible of Christian missions. wounds in their bodies. The r.oofs of most of the houses are of zinc; The Evangelical Institute trains and the winds lifted the zinc sheets young people for Christian service. off the roofs and sent them flying After four years of operation as a through the air like so many co-educational school, the impor- knives. There were many wounded tant place which it occupies in the and the wreckage and ruins were development of the work is clearly general. Rev. B. N. Morgan and seen. While it is a small institu- Rev. Enrique Rivera worked night and day, and won universal respect tion, yet it has always been ac- and confidence. Had it not been knowledged by the people as a for them many of the poor would school of high ideals. Our strongest have starved to death. At the presnative workers have come from ent time the Capital city is being this Institute. It is located on the rebuilt and trees and grass which main highway leading out of Santi- were scorched as if by a fire, are ago, toward the east. covered with a new green cloak.

The recent cyclone did not do much damage on the north side of FELLOWSHIP WITH JESUS CHRIST By FRANCIS SHUNK DOWNS, D.D.

More important than work for Jesus is fellowship with Jesus. We like to report that devils are cast out as we wage our spiritual warfare, but our Saviour reminds us to rejoice that our names are written in heaven.

The secret of Paul's missionary energy is to be found in his own words: "To me to live is Christ." That is a profounder philosophy of life than "to work for Christ."

Count Zinzendorf in reply to a searching question once said: "I have only one passion; it is Christ." Yet the fruit of that concentrated passion was a missionary program that reached out into the unoccupied areas of the world.

David Livingstone in the days of his youth declared: "My great object is to be like Christ, to imitate Him as far as He can be imitated." It was this intimacy that caused the missionary fires to burn brightly in his soul, that led him to encompass a continent in his plans, and that moved him to pour out his life for the redemption of the enslaved and the lost.

D. CUSHMAN, OF

BY WILLIAM T. ELLIS, LL.D.

A .Journalist)s Tribute to a J[issionary NUrse ; FTER the war if Miss Cush- out of Turkey. There she became f i man had followed the fa~h- father and mother to tens of thouion, and had come to America sands of war's victims-the kut-el- to lecture and to be lionized, she Amaria British prisoners; the in- would to-day be known everywhere terned Roman Catholic priests and as one of the great women of the nuns; prisoners and refugees from world. Testimonial dinners would all corners of the wide domain of have been given her; the American the sultan; and thousands of Ar- Legion would have adopted her; menian orphans and deportees.

magazines would have printed Throughout the days of conflict articles about her; rotagravures she alone represented the allied and would have carried a succession of pictures of her and her decora- neutral nations in Anatolia. Brevet tions; women's clubs would have idolized her·; and high and low rank was given her as the acting would have united in tributes to her as one of the spectacular fig- consul of seventeen nations. Upon ures of the world war. assurance of Ambassador Morgan- thau, before the curtain of silence But with the rugged individual- fell on Turkey, that her drafts ity which she inherited from her would be honored, she wrote in Mayflower ancestors, Emma D. simple faith, checks for over a mil- Cushman, preferred to remain in lion dollars, for carrying on her the Near East and to carryon mod- unparalleled work of ministry and estly her great work as a mission- relief. She was nurse, almoner, adary and relief administrator. So ministrator, priest, missionary, finwhen she passed away, with the old ancier and statesman. Only those year, three brief paragraphs in a whose lives she saved can underpress dispatch were her only pub- stand the magnitude of Miss Cushlic recognition. I visited Miss Cush- man's work at Konia. A man in man in Egypt a few weeks before Jerusalem wept openly as he told she died; as I had earlier visited me how Miss Cushman had interher in Corinth, Eubea and Konia. vened between his whole family To the end, even when malignant and certain death. After the war malaria and fatal anemia had her Miss Cushman never saw America in their grip, she was the same again. She carried on as a master serene, sunny, self-contained, and relief worker: the number of her unassuming character, her speech charges in Greece reduced to five savored with the salt of a piquant thousand; which, she naively re- marked to me, were really enough personality. for one woman to handle! The real romance of Miss Cush- It is to be hoped that some gifted man's story should not be lost to writer will produce a biography of Miss Cushman that will preserve the world.* This dauntless mis- her spectacular story as one of the outstanding pieces of missionary sionary-nurse refused to leave Ko- literature and American history in nia when foreigners were ordered the Near East.

~d part of it in my book, "Bible Lands Todny."

197

A COLOMBIAN

BY THE REV. ALEXANDER M. ALLAN, BOGOTA, COLOMBIA ONE night an expert in his line, this new day. Chemists have been and an intelligent freethink- able to generate plant life." er dined in my home in Bogota. He wanted to see a book on I suggested that the supposed the Panama question, saying that spontaneous generation might only while undoubtedly President Roose- prove that germs and seeds could velt was greatly to blame for the live in conditions where we thought manner of taking the canal, yet as they would die, but he continued. a liberal, he would like to show up the intrigue of the Conservative "Matter is, along with force, the party in Bogota in those critical explanation of everything." years. Such intrigue was, he thought, as much responsible for "What about the future life?" I the loss of the fair Province as was queried. Mr. Roosevelt's impatient abruptness. "There is no room for it," was He went on to. discuss the future the answer. "We die and that is of Protestantism in Colombia. "We the end. There is no hereafter. In want you to go ahead," he said, our influence and only there, can "above all in good school work. we live after death." Schools are the thing to undermine fanaticism and ignorance. Concen- "If there be no immortality," I trate on them. Make them superi- asked, "how can we assure ouror." selves even of the existence of God?" "What about our evangelistic work?" I queried. "My dear man, we know there is no God. Why try to sustain the "You know we think your fable? We have to develop ourchurches are far better for our peo- selves slowly through the ages. pIe than the established churches. Gravitation does not need a God to The Protestant is 'the least harmful work it. It works itself." of all religions. Work among the poor, uplift the masses, and you "What is the characteristic creed will do good." of freethinkers," I asked.

"What about our message for the "Not all think alike, but more or educated classes?" I asked. less we are materialistic, and either openly atheistic, as I myself am, or "You have none," came the swift else we believe in the existence of reply. "You cannot expect intel- some great first cause, such ideas ligent, thoughtful men to listen to are very indistinct and hazy." religion. We do not need it. Laplace was once asked, after he and "Do you think the liberal party some others had viewed the won- will ever evolve some religion ders of the starry heavens through which will compromise between a telescope, where God came in, free thought and say, evangelism?" and he at once replied, 'We do not was my next question. His answer need Him.' That is how we feel in was significant.

"Between a thorough-going ra- tionalism and Christianity, I fail to see any middle ground. It is the one or the other. You cannot mix them. Besides, we do not need or 198

W3J J WITH A COLOMBIAN FRl£ETHINKER tV9

want any religion at all. We have reader will already have drawn had more than enough disaster from the foregoing such concluthrough religion." sions as these: In our friendly conversation, he 1. The historical and racial backrevealed frankly his attitude, which is that of the educated liberal free- ground of Latin America is entirethinkers towards evangelical mis- ly different from that of Anglosionary work. Paraphrased, it is something like this: After all, these Saxon America. Protestants come from highly civi- 2. The medieval character and lized lands, and spend money for our country's good. We must show political abuses of the Roman Caththem courtesy, and encourage olic Church for centuries have been them. Every boy they educate will responsible for the loss of religious be entitled to vote when he can read faith of many reasoning men, and and will vote for the liberal party, have made it difficult for "good which is anti-clerical. English and seed of the Kingdom" to take root arithmetic are better than the and flourish. Catechism of Father Astete, and prepare for real life. Their mis- 3. Trained lecturers on apolosionary work, on the whole, will getics, who can present the claims help on the liberal part. Both they of Christianity on philosophical, and we expose the corruption of scientific, moral, intellectual and spiritual grounds, have an immense the dominant church. On negative and inviting field in Latin America. issues, we have much in common. If they do not convert many, they 4. For the formation of national do no harm, being upright men churches, the rank and file will natwho unfailingly pay their bills. Of urally and rightly come from "the common people who hear Him gladcourse, it would never do for men ly" and unto them should we direct in our social and intellectual posi- our greatest efforts. tion to go to their poor churches, and sit next to Indians. The preach- 5. The advice of the freethinker, er would only bore us with some to concentrate on schools rather antiquated myths, which we have than on an aggressive evangelism, outgrown completely. Neverthe- is advice not to be taken. "We know less, we like to meet the mission- in whom we have believed, and are aries in hotels and steamers, and persuaded." The school is the handit is jolly to have dinner with them maid of the Church, not the subonce in a while. stitute. Paul, not the freethinking onlooker, is a safe guide in matters The thoughtful and discerning of mIssIOnary method. Jesus Christ, not materialistic atheism, "shall reign where'er the sun doth his successive journeys run."

General Charles Gordon, the hero of Khartum, was one of God's saints. He loved his Bible and made it his one great study. In letters to his sister, written in 1867 and published in 1888, he said: "The chief proof, that the Bible is good food, is the eating of it; the healing efficacy of a medicine, when it is used, is a demonstration that it is good…… I continue to have the most exquisite delight in the Bible beyond any past experience. All that dead time, when I read without interest, merely because I ought to do so, is now repaid me, and God brings the passages back to memory with the power of the Spirit."

A PASTOR WITH WORLD WIDE

T HE Rev. George Alexander, D.D., who died in New York City on December 12th, was, for forty-six years, a member of the Board of Foreign Missions of the Presbyterian Church. From 1903 to 1924, he was president of the Board and both as member and as president his service was rendered with unsurpassed ability, faithfulness and grace.

Dr. Alexander's missionary interest began in his childhood at his mother's knee and was deepened in his college and seminary course. Eight of his seminary classmates in the Class of 1870 at Princeton, one-fifth of the class, went to the foreign field, four in connection with the Board-Dr. Imbie to Japan, Dr. Howell to Brazil, Mr. Seeley and Dr. Lucas to India. One of the others was George L. Mackay, the missionary pioneer and builder of Formosa. Of all these only Dr. Lucas now remains. DUring his first pastorate at Schenectady Dr. Alexander taught in Union College and some of his ablest students went out to the mission field. He looked upon these men, like Dr. Griswold, of India and Dr. Waddell. of Brazil. as his own sons and they looked up to him with filial affection and unbounded regard. When the Student Volunteer Movement began he was its chief sponsor and friend among ministers and missionary leaders.

For many years Dr. Alexander was Chairman of the Committee on India. He strongly supported Dr. Ellinwood, for whom he had the highest admiration, in the aggressive policies which he introduced, especially in the occupation of Korea and the Philippines. He visited Brazil and attended the Latin American Missionary Conference in Panama in 1916, and served for more than thirty years as president of the Board of Trustees of Mackenzie College in Sao Paulo, and was its mainstay and bulwark. No part of the foreign mission field and no missionary problem or human need was alien to him. He had a place which no one else has held during the past half century in the affection and trust of the Board and its members and its missionaries, to all of whom he was endeared by the noble qualities of his pure and genial and gracious spirit. By reason of his long service. he has had to do with the commissioning of more missionaries than any other Presbyterian in Christian history and his death will awaken personal and affectionate memories around the world.

A PRAYER Show me, Lord, the way 'Of lDve That leads tD heaven and Thee, abDve Teach me tD see 'neath cDlored skin, The heart, like mine, that rests within.

Open my eyes, that I may be FrDm racial prejudice set free.

Help me tD clasp with friendly hands Those who may come frDm 'Other lands; And with my friends across the sea, Hand in hand, to CDme to Thee.

Orange, Calif. -Mildred Watson.

200

OF THE

Clouds with Silver Linings resources and obligations, our inherit- ance and our debt to God? Very few Drought, high prices, high tariff, Christians in either America or Eng- high wages, high living, reckless land know what material deprivation speculation and spending, and world- is compared with that experienced wide unrest have united to produce daily and without complaint by fellow unemployment and hard times. Not Christians in the villages of China, only have fortunes been lost but in- India, Siam, Korea and the Islands of comes have been so reduced that, for the Sea. Gold is no substitute for multitudes, giving, spending and sav- God; full stomachs do not make up ing have become difficult. While mil- for starved spirits; many impover- lions of those who complain of hard ished Christians who have no treasure times still find money to spend on laid up on earth, have laid up riches pleasure, trav~l, the theater, movies, that no financial crash or loss of a job sports and other nonessentials, millions can take away.

more find it difficult to meet necessary But there is, even in times of finan- expenses for rent, coal, clothing and cial stress and of shortage in mission- food. Naturally the Church also suf- ary budgets, a gold or silver lining to fers and all forms of Christian activity the cloud that may forecast a better, –even charitable relief. Every church brighter day. Large incomes bring and missionary organization faces a greater dangers than small stipends.

de5.cit or a decrease in income. This Individuals and mission boards are means not only inability to advance tempted to spend lavishly when in- and a curtailment of service but in comes are large. Wealthy churches at many cases it means the dismissal of home build ornate and elaborate edi- Christian workers, the closing of fiees that do not generally mean pro- schools, hospitals and a reduction in portional spiritual life and service.

already meagre salaries. The most effective colleges and theo- Not less than three hundred million logical schools, from a Christian point people in Asia and Africa are still un- of view, are not usually those with the reached by the Gospel message. The finest buildings and largest endow- results of failure are seen today in the ments. Some missions in foreign lands atheistic communism in China and are still suffering from the lavish Russia, in the materialism in Japan, spending authorized when the Inter- Europe and Latin America, in the re- church World Movement was expected ligious bigotry in Moslem lands, in the to triple resources. It is a truism that superstitious paganism in Africa and poverty and self-denial are more con- among spirit worshippers. We Amer- ducive to spiritual life and service ican Christians still have the means to than are riches with self-indulgence.

promote a forward movement if we are Among the benefits that may come ready to make real material ·sacrifices to the Church and individuals at home for spiritual gains-sacrifices such as and to the mission work abroad marked the early Christians and such through the present financial stress as mark converts today in India, in and strain are: Africa, Korea and other mission lands. 1. A more careful scrutiny of ex- Is not this a time to take stock of penditures in administration and in our real assets and liabilities, our true equipment.

201

2. A more simple, less expensive funds) that seemed spiritually barren, style of building for mission institu- while other schools, suffering for what tions, a type not too far above the seem to be essentials, produce rich homes of the people they serve and not harvests. The early missionaries went beyond the ability of the Christian out with a minimum of financial re- community to maintain. sources but with a wealth of faith and 3. A new evaluation of the various the results are seen today. Some schools and hospitals, well equipped forms of missionary work, with a view and ,supported, give evidence of wide to finding out which is most productive influence and effective spiritual servin spiritual results; possibly a de- ice. But in every case where this is crease in the institutional work in true the real dependence is on God favor of evangelism. and on spiritual methods and forces. 4. A new study of the field to dis- If adversity and poverty drives us to our knees, it is a blessing. If comfort cover where forces can be withdrawn from well supplied areas and can be or affluence make us selfish and indesent into unoccupied territory. pendent of God, it proves a curse.

5. A closer cooperation or union of Christian forces to avoid duplication We believe that out of the present and waste of effort and re,sources. financial distress will come a clearer 6. An advance movement toward estimate of values, a wiser use of self-support and autonomy in the na- funds, a closer cooperation with other tional churches abroad and in home Christian workers, a greater economy mission churches in America. Abun- in resources, a stronger indigenous dance of foreign money is a great Church, a larger spiritual emphasis detriment to the development of an and a more complete reliance on God.

indigenous church. Already financial stress at home has brought bless- After the Round Table Confering through increased independence ence-,;Vhat ? abroad.

7. The greatest blessing that comes Mahatma Gandhi and all members in periods of financial stress is the of the All-India Congress Committee unveiling of the eyes to see the supreme importance of eternal thing£, have been set at liberty and India has the need for greater emphasis on spir- been promised constitutional self-govitual realities and the fact that our ernment as a dominion of the British dependence for power and for success Empire, as a result of the Round is on God and not on gold. Table Conference in London that ended on January 26th. Indian polit- Financial and Spiritual Power ical prisoners (60,000) are to be set at liberty, provided that the Indians In our recent journey through the promise peaceful cooperation. Great mission field£ of the Orient, we were Britain reserves some rights and recontinually seeking the answer to the sponsibilities in India, including in- question-what is the relation between ternational relations and preservation financial expenditure and spiritual of peace and order. Moslems, Hindus harvests? Do larger salaries produce and other religious sects, caste and better missionaries-and secretaries- out-caste representatives, delegates and editors? How far do fine build- from British India and from Native ings and better equipment insure bet- States, came to a larger measure of ter men and women-from a Christian agreement than was anticipated; the point of view? Do million dollar en- rights of minorities are safeguarded, dowments mean richer spiritual re- but the details of the program remain sults? We saw some (very few) to be worked out. Mahatma Gandhi elaborate and well equipped education- still refuses to cooperate in this pro- al buildings (built with mission gram and demands complete independ-

TOPICS OF THE TIMES

ence-which, if granted immediately, pressive is His Parable of the Talents would result in chaos. with its infinite award: "Thou has It is too early to forsee what the result will be if India takes over all been faithful over a few things, I will local governmental functions, including the judiciary and police systems, make thee ruler over many things, the imposition, collection and expenditure of the salt tax and other internal enter thou into the joy of thy Lord." and external revenues; the management of railways and telegraph lines; Theoretically we assent to the the educational program and the laws to govern temple rites and religious truth of these teachings, but to have freedom. Great Britain has thus far made good her promise to grant India them actually and supremely motivate a constitutional government. It now remains for India to show her fitness life and control possessions is another for enlightened self-rule. It will be interesting to see what is the result matter. Such motivation can only be in the moral development of the Indians, the progress toward the solu- greatly promoted through the living tion of the caste problem, the right to Christian education, and real freedom contagion of men and women who are from religious persecution. experiencing the peace and happiness The Seed Bed of Happiness of this joyous living and giving. The world is full of needs. It could be bubbling over with joy in supply- Nothing is quite so contagious as ing these needs if we would overthrow the greed motive for life and abounding JOY. obey Jehovah's command, "Thou shalt love thy neighbor as thyself." Earth's Possibly it has taken 2,000 years for antipodes are now our neighbors, and it is astonishing, how many nations the earth's spiritual seed bed to be today, in spite of these well-known needs, are worrying over disposition ready for a wide and vigorous growth of their surplus products. of Christ's revolutionary teachings, so Nearly all the social problems of humanity and the desperate woes of the contrary to man's selfish nature. world can be met and solved when people cheerfully give as Christ taught. Jesus, Himself, met defeat with the We mean by this sacrificial, happy, and liberal expenditure of life and that rich young ruler and virtually prowhich represents life, accumulated wealth, for meeting human needs. nounced the task of converting human Think over some of Christ's teachings -"It is more blessed (happy) to give riches to the Kingdom of God then imthan to receive"; "Lay not up for yourselves treasures on earth"; "Lay possible. In His statement. however, up treasures in heaven, for where your treasure is there will your heart be of '~reater things" being done by His also"; "Seek ye first the kingdom of God"; "He that saveth his life shall followers "b,ecause I go to the Father," lose it"; "What shall it profit a man to gain the whole world 7". Most im- perhaps He indicated what is now be- coming widely possible. Great reser- voirs of accumulated wealth are today under direct control of God's children.

Will they gloriously release it for the real and final Armageddon against sin, suffering and death? If they will.

other great social and religious world problems besides economic want will be speedily solved.

There are favoring signs in the al- truistic attitude now being taken by men of wealth, many not professed disciples of Jesus.

The cultivation of Joyful Giving must increasingly attract the deepest interest of the Church. How much happier it is to relieve great need through wisely administering our in- dividual estates while living rather than leaving unearned wealth to heirs. Many thereby have cursed their descendants for generations.

This benevolent idea is not visionary.

It is practical beyond question and is increasingly being demonstrated all over the world. A. A. HYDE.

The Message for To-Day The Christian's Vocation There is a message in the Bible for Jesus did not believe in a hermit life or a hermit Church. We are here for each of us. Ever it contains a key a purpose, and each has a definite vo- cation. It is to manifest Christ to the that will unlock the door that opens world. We are not here to become critics of others, to find fault with on a better day. It places a halo others, least of all to force our prin- ciples upon others from the outside by around every earthly relation. external pressure. We are here to manifest Christ to the world, to be Of the child it says: "Of such is unto men as an angel or messenger of God. The great hope that fills the soul the kingdom of Heaven." inspires it with a Sense of responsibil- ity to manifest Christ as our Lord and Of old age it says: "The hoary head Master. Our present generation is very indifferent to the voice of the is a crown of glory, if it be found in Church, and I cannot blame it much. The reason is plain. We have offered the way of righteousness." the world in our time a Saviour too small for the tragic necessities of life. Of marriage it says: "For this In easy times the Jesus of popular literature, the Good Companion always cause shall a man leave father and at our side, may suffice, but in the deep moods of the spirit, in the sharp mother, and cleave to his wife; and stresses and strains of our mortal ex- istence, the soul will cleave only to that they twain shall be one flesh." whose tragic meaning is deeper than the distresses of the world. There is a To blind poverty it says: "Receive very pathetic feeling after God in our world today. We can sense it all they sight." around us. What is needed is to re- kindle the fires upon the cold altars of To the paralytic it says: "Take up our hearts, to make them flame and glow within us until the world can thy bed and walk." feel the light and heat. Then in that buoyant hopefulness, that calm and un- To shame it says: "Neither do I disturbed peace, the world will see the manifestation of something beyond it, condemn thee; go and sin no more." and will come again, as it always did, asking the reason for the hope that is To the homesick and lonely it says: in us, and we can say we have sancti- fied Christ in our hearts as Lord. For "Come unto me, all ye that labor and what the world is looking for now is not so much some new philosophy of are heavy laden, and I will give you religion, but typical personalities whose experience explains the vitality rest." of the Christian faith.

The Bible deals with humanity on a HARRIS E. KIRK.

world scale. The religion it offers cannot be tethered to an age or a climate or a culture or a civilization.

It does not deal with tribal deities.

It is true there is something in the Vedas and the Upanishads, and the Koran, that matches the hoary East.

But there is a spaciousness about the Bible that knows no East nor West, that matches humanity. It speaks with a universal accent. It stirs moods that are racial. It offers God and all that He can give to all people. There is something in its truths that speaks with the same winsomeness of appeal to the people of all ages and all lands.

It was the message the first century needed. It is the message the twen- tieth century needs. And it will be just as much the message men will need twenty centuries hence. It is the message of life. And life is the mes- sage for all people. When men cease to care for life the Bible will be out of date. JAMES I. VANCE.

fTHODS fOR WORKf4

EDITED BY MRS. F. 1. JOHNSON, 150 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW YORK RESEAROH WORK ON INDIA FOR 15. To exchange gifts and informa- BOYS AND GIRLS tion with Indian boys and girls.

Our boys and girls of from ten to 16. To learn a poem written by an fifteen years of age in practically all of Indian poet. our public schools are accustomed to doing research work. As missionary 17. To learn a hymn written by an workers among children is it possible Indian.

18. To help give the Bible to India.

that we have been less wise than day- Facts Concerning the Following school teachers ? We have found the following research topics delightfully 1. Rajahs and maharajahs. acceptable and profitable for this age 2. Bravery of Indian soldiers during. group. These are on India; other the World War. countries may be treated in the same 3. A great Indian Christian poet. fashion. Discussion should be made 4. A doctor who has restored sight easy so that all information tucked to 100,000 persons in India. away in the mind of everyone present 5. The recent discovery in India may become the possession of all. of the remains of towns nearly 5,000 years old. This set of topics was largely pro- 6. The caste system in India. duced by Master Edwin Harper, of 7. The sacred cow in India. Moga, India. 8. Some famous missionaries to In- How to Do the Following dia. 9. About boys and girls who go to 1. Make clay dishes by the method used in India. school and about those who do not. 10. About home life in Hindu fam- 2. Make baskets by the method used in India. ilies. 11. About the good beliefs in the re- 3. Make scarfs of tie and dye work. 4. Make curtains of block-printing. ligions of India. 5. Make bread. 12. The voyage to India. 13. The jungle elephants, tigers, 6. Spin thread. cobras, monkeys.

7. To play some of the musical in- 14. How immigration laws affect struments of India. Indians in America.

8. To say something in one of the 15. Boy Scouts in India.

languages of India. 16. Some English words that come 9. To make a model of a village in from the Hindustani language.

India. 1'7. Some thrilling adventures of 10. To dress up in costume of In- missionaries.

dian boys and girls. 18. Travel in India.

11. Do magician's tricks. 19. The climate and scenery of In- 12. Design rugs, borders, etc., in dia.

Indian designs. 20. The courtesy of India.

13. To do something for handi- 21. The health of India; the hunger capped Indian boys and girls. of India.

14. To play the games of Indian 22. The languages of India.

boys and girls. 23. India's need of Christ.

205

MISSIONARY EDUCATION IN THE stacie in the way of any friendliness if we but enlist his sympathy and ap- HOME preciation.

By MRS. OZORA S. DAVIS But international friendship, like all other friendship, must be built upon The above title seems a simple one, knowledge. To be a friend of anyone and yet it is really rather inadequate. we must first know something about Our religious vocabulary J.s under- that person. So we need to find stories going a subtle change in the last few which shall make these children of years and especially that portion of other lands real, and we are fortunate it which has to do with Christian serv- in this generation in that we haVEr atice in foreign lands. We prefer the tractive picture books made for this words "world friendship" or "inter- particular purpose and as appealing national mindedness" to the words with their pictures as any other books "missions" and "missionary." "Hea- designed for five and six year olds. then" is gone altogether from Congre- There are "Kembo," "A Little Girl of gational circles, and even such a re- Africa," "Ah Fu," "A Chinese River liable term as "education" does not Boy," and "The Three Camels," by quite express the process with which Miss Newell and Miss Woods. "The we are dealing in this article-at least, World in a Barn," is an attractive volas it is conceived by many people. ume prepared by Gertrude C. Warner. Mary Entwistle, an English writer, is Words are ,very difficult things to the author of a number of missionary manage sometimes, restless things and books for children-"Friends of Ours," elusive as sunlight dancing on a wall. "Boys and Girls," and "Friendly Beasts," "The Book of Other Babies," Religion cannot be obtained in the "Little Children of Mission Lands," last analysis by teaching, any more and "The Book of a Chinese Baby." than love can be taught. Friendship, F·or children of Junior age there are international as well as individual, can- such stories as "Habeab," and "Boys not be drilled into any child by rote, and Girls in Other Lands," by Mary and yet there must be a foundation of T. Whilley, and "Two Young Arabs," ordinary instruction if it is to be sane- by Amy E. Zwemer. The little publilyordered. cation, "Here and There Stories," at 50 cents a year has not been surpassed, Perhaps this may be made clearer by and the same department puts out a an illustration. Last summer there was booklet for mothers. many a fire laid in a little cottage in the woods of New England. The wood As the teen age approaches it is a was placed, sometimes like a log house, great thing for the young people to be one tier above another, and then when introduced to some of our great relithat had been done the match was gious leaders both in our own land and touched to the bit of birch bark and in other countries. This is an age when the slender kindlings beneath, and the we are fully awake to the value of fire blazed high. So in the religious biography. Among these books I may education of a child there must be first suggest: "Ann of Ave," by Ethel the bit of joy through story or game, Daniels Hubbard, "Livingstone, the then the building up of information, Pathfinder," by Basil Matthews, "The one tier above another, but something White Queen of Okoyong," by W. P. more is still necessary-the flame. Livingstone, "Frank Higgens," "Trail Blazer," by Thomas Whitles, "Brother We have always one great asset Van," a worker in the lumber region, with which to begin, the wonderful by Stella Brummitt, and the "Land of gift of imagination. To a little child All Nations," eight fascinating stories the universe is open. It lies all around by foreigners who have come to Our him with no pathway closed by this or land and made good. that past action or prejudice. What an opportunity is ours then to lead the interest of the child down this or that opening trail! There is no ob-

METHODS FOR WORKERS

For the mother who gives herself in growth in our religious life, even more hours of play and unselfish activity vital and more endless than in the in- with her children there are many ways tellectual realm. Yet how many of us in which the child's interest may be are equally anxious that our children directed toward this friendship for should not be stunted at any point in children of the "far away lands." Map- their spiritual development? Surely making with pulp made from news- one most obvious line of the growth of papers, or with sand, makes the distant the spirit is that love which fashions world real in the home nursery. Pic- all our human relationships. Is this ture puzzles may be made from some love of ours to be bounded by the fam- of the beautiful pictures which appear ily circle, or is it to grow with the in the Missionary Herald or other pub- years until in due season it reaches lications. A little library of scrap- out in genuine interest to all that con- books with pictures of different coun- cerns mankind 7 The way in which tries and strange people and animals that question will be answered depends is cherished by the child. Then there upon ourselves as parents-not upon are things which may be made to send what we say, or even wholly upon what away, doUs to be dressed, tops, scrap- we do, but upon what we are.

books, Christmas tree decorations, and But the law of love is that it can postcards with something pasted over never be confined. It must ever find the writing. an outlet. Susan Blow says: A few books 'for parents who are in- Love grows with being spent, terested in reading along these lines But starves in its own plenty pent. are: "A Social Theory of Religious Education," by George Albert Coe, That is a tremendous thing to learn, Charles Scribners Sons, N. Y,; "Train- and there is no other laboratory where ing World Christians," by Gilbert it can be practised during the early Loveland, Methodist Book Concern, N. years as it can be in the home. This is Y.; "Psychology of the School Child," the very essence of missionary educa- by Bird T. Baldwin and Lorle I. Stet- tion. Here the child's question about cher, Appleton & Co., N. Y.; "Child- the meaning of the universe must be hood and Character," by Hugh Hart- answered and all his first efforts to shane, Pilgrim Press, Boston; The relate himself to the world of the spirit Essay on Child's Play in "Virginibus must take place.

Puerisque," by Robert Louis Steven- J. H. Oldham in his book, "Chris- son, Scribners, N. Y. tianity and the Race Problem," says, But now to turn to the reality be- "Nothing will contribute more to the hind all this, for suggestions as to improvement of racial relations than reading and doing ar~ after all, very the influence, largely unconscious, of insignificant compared with that man- individual men and women who diffuse ner of thinking which a child absorbs a spirit of fairmindedness, goodwill from the attitude of his home. How and friendliness, because they have does the family circle think-in terms lived in secret with divine truth, beau- of its own private interests, in terms ty and goodness. Such personalities of national affairs, or does it reach out are a creative force. Those who have into the international realm of this in mind will find in the casual con- thought 7 What do its members read tacts of daily life plentiful occasions when they take up the daily papers, for its expression. A smile of sym- the murder and divorce cases, the last pathy, a kindly word, an act of cour- information from the capitol at Wash- tesy to a stranger of another race may ington or from the League of Nations 7 accomplish more than we dream. The What do they talk about at the dinner relations between races are determined table? What do they really care about 7 not by the actions of governments What do they pray about 7 alone but by the personal contacts of There is endless opportunity for multitudes of individuals . . . In

these passing incidents of the daily rels, took charge of the mite boxes, and round the Christian spirit has the op- entertained visiting missionaries. She portunity of manifesting its creative had always been· at the head of the character." church mis·sionary society, was always ready to respond when funds were How do we make up the family needed to educate a Hindu orphan or budget and do the children have any a Southern mountaineer. She talked knowledge of it? Is a due proportion very feelingly of the "poor benighted for the needs of .others included? Do heathen" : and frequently expressed the children know about these objects ber belief as to her duty toward those to which we give? Are we ourselves "brothers and sisters still living in interested in them? Do we enjoy our outer darkness." giving, and do the children have an opportunity to share that joy? Or is For her lovely little daughter Muriel, it merely a dull duty? Are they al- she craved no more gl.orious career lowed to give a part and do we help than that of a missionary in the darkthem to picture in imagination what est corner of the earth. Muriel was at becomes of their dollars? That is mis- this time nine years of age, fairsionary education in the home. haired, blue-eyed, delicate, and spirit- ual. Probably there are some people of foreign birth in our town or city. What Now Mrs. Hancock had never seen is the attitude of the family toward a heathen, or a Southern Mountaineer. them-the Italian ashman, the J apa- Her home was, and always had been nese cook, the Negr.o porter, the Chi- in a small New England town, shelnese laundryman, the Polish road- tered by mountains and hemmed in by builder? Are they "dagoes," and "po- conservatism. Theoretically she knew lacks," and "niggers," and "chinks," everything about rescuing the perishor are they men indeed, our very ing; practically, she knew nothing. brothers in the sight of God? The However, the heathen were very vivid whole subject grows more difficult as to Mary Hancock; and always she picwe approach our own neighborhood. tured them as being led to the light But this is missionary education in the by her daughter Muriel. She could home. close her eyes and see a vast crowd of dusky, kneeling figures with rapt Are you looking for one of the most eager faces turned toward the delicate, effective home. missionary stories ever saint-like, radiant face of 'Muriel, clad wrUten? Well, here it is, adapted for in flowing robes of white with an open use by Mrs. Georgia McAdams Clifford, book, and with an uplif,ted, beckoning President of the American Association hand. Yes, it was easy to picture of Story Tellers. It is a gift from Mrs. Muriel among the heathen. Clifford to the MISSIONARY REVIEW Methods. Muriel never missed a missionary meeting. She even went to the con- Be sure to select the very best talent ferences in the neighboring towns. It your town affords for the telling of was part of her training, you see. One it at one of your early meetings. very warm afternoon Mrs. Hancock and Muriel returned from a four days' THE TRAINING OF MISSIONARY missionary conference in a neighbor- ing town, to find the long vacant house MARY next to their home occupied. She won- dered who would be her new neigh- By ELEANOR PORTER bors. As she stepped out of the cab and ·stamed up the walk, she paused. RC(lITUHgcd 10'1' telling bV G. M. O. On her front steps sat a barefooted, dirty, ragged little girl eating peanuts. No one in the church was more en- On the ground at the little girl's feet tirely devoted to missions than Mary sprawled a boy, a little younger, a Hancock. In fact, someone had dubbed her "Mi·ssionary Mary." She it was who always packed the missionary bar-

METHODS FOR WORKERS

little dirtier. Under the apple tree, ticed, at ten she sewed, and at eleven 110t far away, was a man, a woman and she played. That is, she took her two children, one a child of perhaps dolls and picture book out into the about two years of age, the other a gal'den and placed them sedately in small baby in his arms. Instinctively the summer house. Today she did not Mary Hancock thrust Muriel half be- play house with her dolls as usual, for hind her. "Why, how-who-what in the neighboring yard two girls and does this mean?" she demanded. three boys were playing. The moment The boy scurried behind a syringa the children saw her they ran to the bush. The girl almost fell down the steps, dropping the peanuts as she went. The man jumped to his feet almost dropping the baby. He re- moved his cap and bowed very low be- fore her. His brow l'evealed two daz- zling rows of teeth. "You live-a here '!"

he asked. .

"I do."

"We, too, live-a here," pointing to the house next door.

Mary Hancock almost screamed, "You, you live there?"

"Si-yes, Signora, in dees house. We come-a two, t'ree, four day away. We are-what you say-a? da neighbors.

Si-yes 1"

Mrs. Hancock looked wildly about her. "Muriel, come, let us go into the house, at once." From behind the half closed blinds Mary Hancock watched her neighbors slowly wend their way from her beautifully kept yard to their unkept one. Then she hastily pulled down all the shades.

That night at the dinner table she sought an explanation from her hus- MRR. Cr.IF~'ORD TELLING HER GRAND- band. "William, what does it mean- SON HIS FIRST STORY those dreadful people in the old Den- net house? Who are they 1" summer garden in Muriel's back yard.

"Italians," said William, "Cosetti, "Hello," said one of the girls.

is the name. They came here to work "How do you do," said Muriel. Of in the foundry." course, she was never allowed to say, "William, you don't mean they are "Hello."

going to live there?" "Come on over and play."

"Looks like it." That was a very ·simple matter and "But William, they are . . ." Sud- in a moment Muriel was in the neigh- denly, realizing that Muriel was listen- bor's yard, something she had never ing, she stopped. done before. Such wonderful beings The next morning at eleven o'clock, they were. They played the most fas- Muriel went out into the yard to play. cinating games, Presently she heard, Muriel never went out to play until "Muriel, Muriel, come here to mother, eleven o'clock. Mary Hancock believed at once!" Of course, Muriel came.

in system, and she had system for "Why my poor little daughter, how Muriel. At seven ·she rose; at eight did it happen ?"

she wiped the dishes, at nine she prac- "How did what happen, mother?"

4

"How did you happen to go over in told them 1 couldn't come over in their their yard?" yard, so they all came over here, we are having a lovely time." "1 just went and they are perfectly "I am sorry, Muriel, but it is time lovely, mother. They are so much for you to come in now. Yes, at once. nicer than dolls. Mother they are won- You must have your bath before derful!" luncheon."

The cautious mother of an only child That night as Mary Hancock was fell back in dismay. "But Muriel, I putting Muriel to bed and hearing her can't let you." prayers, she told her not to invite the children again. She gave no reason "Mother," said the eager little voice except that mother thinks best. Muriel again, "there is the dearest little tiny was grieved and keenly disappointed, girl, she is so much more fun than a but she obeyed, for the next day when dolt. They know the cutest games. If Mary Hancock looked out and sawall I practice well, may I go back this the children in her yard as usual, she afternoon ?" called "Muriel, what did mother say?"

"Of course not, my daughter; of "You said not to invite them, moth- er, but weren't they dear, they came course not, don't mention it." without being invited." The next morning Muriel went out That night Mary Hancock appealed as u·sual at eleven O'clock, carrying her to her husband. "William, something dolls to the summer house. At eleven- must be done about those unspeakable thirty Mary Hancock looked out the Italians." window. There. in her own back yard were the new neighbors-Muriel sit- "What is the matter with them? ting in their midst. She hurried to the They seem a good natured lot." door. But before she had a chance to speak Muriel said, "Oh, here is moth- "Good natured, William! This afterer; now come, mother, and be intro- noon I went to their back yard, and duced." Now Mary Hancock had spent would you believe me, six children, so much time teaching Muriel what to mother, and father and four boarders do when she was introduced and she are living in that house. William, do knew that she must set the example. you want your child to associate with There was nothing else to do. Muriel's children like that?" eager little voice went on: "This is Carlotta Cosetti, and this is Rosina "Well," said William, "Is there any Cosetti, and this is Clementina Cosetti, harm? Just don't let her play with and this is Christopher- Cosetti, and them if you don't approve." this is Valentia Cosetti, and this is the baby Angelica Cosetti." There was a "I'm sure I don't know what to do moment's pause. for Muriel is completely fascinated with them. She's never touched one On Muriel's face was a look of con- of her dolls since she's seen that Italfident expectancy; and Mary Hancock ian baby. I'll have to keep her in the knew that she was expected to take house." each new neighbor by the hand in cordial welcome as Muriel had been Just how the matter would have taught to do in acknowledgment of worked out is a question if Mrs. Hanintroduction. "How-how do you do?" cock had not been summoned to her She stammered. She was hoping to mother's bedside the next day. It was escape the hand shaking. But the in- necessary to ask Aunt Jane, Mr. Hansistent voice of little Muriel said, cock's sister to stay with Muriel and "Shake hands with the lady, Valentino, keep the house while Mary was away. shake hands. This is the way to learn Her absence was prolonged from days to be polite, you see." Six dirty little to weeks and from weeks to a month. hands were presented and Mary Han- The aged mother had grown worse cock was forced to shake them all. and it was necessary for Mary Han- cock to remain. One day she received "You see, mother," said Muriel, "I a letter from Jane.

METHODS FOR WORKERS

"I am sorry," she wrote, " to trouble sorry but I had to tell you. Lovingly, you, but matters have gone utterly be- Jane."

yond my control. It is about Muriel. With shaking fingers Mary Han- Don't worry, she is perfectly happy, cock folded the letter. Her eyes were too happy, in fact. When I first came wet, yet frightened. Before them I had no trouble, Muriel >stayed quietly danced old time visions, a group of in the house playing with her dolls. dusky, kneeling figures, with faces She actually looked lonely and home- turned toward the saint-like, radiant sick and I felt sorry· for the little face of Muriel, clad in flowing robes of thing. white and with uplifted, beckoning "Then, one day came a ·sudden and hand. And then came the reality-no most marvelous change. Muriel had dusky, kneeling throng, no unap- gone home after Sunday School and I proachable aloofness, but a swarm of had stayed to church. When I opened dirty, lively little Italian children be- the front door, the house seemed filled ing washed in her bath tub. "It shall with wild screams of delight, which not be," said Mary Hancock. "I shall sent me in haste to the bath room. write to Muriel tonight."

There, I found Muriel and the two But she did not wdte that night, for youngest Cosetti children. 'What in the invalid mother passed away, and the world,' I called. 'Auntie,' called for many days her heart and hands Muriel, 'what do you think? They are were full. At last she went home, home the heathen, why didn't I know it be- to Muriel. Her husband was with her.

fore? They are regular heathen. On He had come for the funeral. At the the way home from Sunday School I home station they found everyone in walked behind two men, one of them wild confusion. There had come a said, "Isn't it too bad that heathen sudden smallpox scare, and many were Italian family moved into this neigh- reported to be ill, and among them was borhood?" Isn't it wonderful, Auntie, Muriel.

I don't have to go away from home to The frightened mother and father take care of the heathen, I can do it fairly ran up the hill toward the little right here.' house.

"'But Muriel,' I said, 'Mother has At the door they met Aunt Jane, said you were not to play with the "Don't worry," she said. "It is all Cosetti children.' right, it is no smallpox, only chicken "'I'm not playing with them. I'm pox. The doctor says she'll be all right being a missionary to them. Being soon. But I don't know whatever I clean is next to being good, and that is would have done but for them. They what a missionary is for. I have used would have taken Muriel to the pest the very nicest soap on them, and house; if it hadn't been for them."

mother's nicest wash cloths and moth- By "them" she meant Mr. and Mrs.

er's ·best perfumery. I don't have to Cosetti, standing bashfully in the hall- grow up to be a missionary, I've start- way. "No one would come near me,"

ed missionaring already.' went on Aunt Jane. "Everyone was so "I'm sure, Mary, I don't know what frightened, and the officers came to to do, she is so serious about it. All take Muriel to the pest house and the day long she teaches those children Cosetti family saw them and came in what to eat, and what to wear and how and Mrs. Cosetti has never left me to shake hands and to wash behind ,since."

their ears. She teaches them to sing, "It ees notting," said the little Ital- and pray and she's taught them to ian woman softly. "It ees glad that salute the flag. What shall I do? Shall I am to be the help."

I let it go on? On the other hand, can Mary Hancock noticed how smooth I stop it without shattering . . . Well, her hair was and how clean her breast.

for some reason I feel that I don't "Da lettle garl-she be so good to want to be the one to shatter it. I'm us, Signora," beamed the man. "She

teach-a da song of dees countree– smoke and the acid which the mill- 'Sweet Lan 0' Libertee.' We love-a da smoke contains. A community, also, song. We love-a da countree. We love- in which little activity is provided for a da lettle gar!." young people.

"It ees like this," said the woman, Every Tuesday night for four weeks "Da leetle girl we loves her so well. She an intermediate group of young folks is ·so good! She teech-a us so much. met to make paper roses. Some love:y In my own country, I hear a story like products resulted. These were placed this. A marble woman, a beautiful in a basket and on each stem was faswoman-what you call it1-was put tened the name of each person who up where all peoples who look want to would contribute twenty-five cents to be beautiful also-yes. They corned the treasury of the missionary s02iety. and looked and looked and looked and The basket of roses was pre-sented 2S by and by they made smooth their hair a birthday gift to an invalid of the and made clean their clothes, and their congregation, whom everyone loved tefaces, so to be like her-beautiful, you cause of her sweet, patient spirit. She know. And so it i·s now. And so it is especially appreciated the names of now, this lettle girl-what you call her? the donors and the thought of the Muriel ?-she ees our marble woman. group of young people. My lettle girls wear now the hair ribbon to tie their hair. They keep clean Why not try the plan in your town their faces and behind the ears and or church? they read-a da book, and they don't play the noise on Sunday. So you see, VITALIZING THE TREASURER'S she teech-a me too. She teach-a me to MONTHLY REPORT shake-a da hand and to be polite. And I teach-a you my lady, I long know this By MRS. MINETTE H. OSBORNE, skkness, little red things on the face Erie, Pa. and my man he keep-a da child 'ell, and cook-a da food and I stay here and The receipts in a socie'y mry be teech-a you how to make theskkness visualized by a large pester shewing go away from our little girl. Oh, she a hcuse with the number of doers and so sweet to teach-a me, 'My Ccuntry windows representing special funes· 'Tis.' She make-a me love America. [Cnd pIdges for epecifi:: werk. When She make-a my children gO::Jd, and me dues ar<:! all paid, the deers in f~cnt I make-a her well." open showing a golden baekground. When special pledges are all in hand There was a moment's p:lUse. Then the windows epen showing little picimpulsively Mary Hanco.k stretched tures of the worker supported cr the out a hand to each. "Thank yon," she school or other project. The whc~e whispered, "thank you, I am fortunate he use is roofed l:y shingles r~prcsUit­ in having such good r..eighbcrs." ing the extension members who have paid. This device will prove effective BEGINNING AT HOME in promoting the payment of pledges.

By MRS. P. H. AUSTIN UNINTERESTED HUSBANDS This method is original and worked By MRS. N. W. NOLEN, Pittsbu;gh splendidly in one locality. It renders a threefold service: first, it gives Instead of the morning paper on the young people something to do in the breakfast table, place there an attrachome tcwn; second, it brings cheer b tive missionary leaflet. Only one at a the invalid whom it is .go easy to for- time and near the husband's plate. Seget; third, it increases the income of lect one which has on it the picture the young people's circle. This plan of a missionary or a native worker. was carried out in a dirty, grimy, Create interest by first creating curirailroad and mill town where prac- osity. Mr. Nolen was won to the mistically no flowers grow because of the sionary cause by this method and is now an ardent supporter of his wife's missionary interests, both at home and abroad.

WOMAN'S HOME AND FOREIGN

EDITED BY FLORENCE E. QnNLAN, 105 East 22nd Street, New York, and FLORENCE G. TYLER, 419 Fourth Avenue, New York Executive Secreta1'ies of the Council of Women for Home Missions and Federation of Woman's Boards of Foreign Missions of North America COMMUNION OF THE SAINTS much wider. Now we understand that From Tonder, Denmark, came a let- women on the other side of the globe ter last April which said: "From Miss have thought the same thoughts and D., d Oslo, Norway, I received infor- realized them and we are glad to unite mation of the World Day of Prayer with you in prayer."

some few days before its arrival. We Appeal to All Christian Women were both very glad to be able to take part in it. I have met the thought of na~f~ll; ,~~;"e;~'~o )'f;l:;~ld~gi'1l l:ill s;:::.~s ~,t1~i~ it once before in the beautiful book ,,·orW. Th,',' ,I ill not know of the World Day by Mary Schauffler Platt, "A Straight of Prayer until last )Iarch.

Way Toward Tomorrow." In the Fore- Do we not feel today, Christian word it is said, "With a World Day of womel}, that we should join in prayer Prayer, a C()mmittee on Christian for all who strive in behalf of awaking Literature fer Women and Children, womanhood the world over?

and now the possibility of United A large number of women in all Study Throughout the World we are parts of the world are today trying to coming into a spiritual federation of shake off the bondage imposed by sin.

the Ch:istian women of the world for We, Christian women, find deliverance which we have longed and prayed." in JCS1.:S Christ. Does that not mean a Till one month ago I did net know great responsibility? This freedom more about the World Day of Prayer. that milliens cf pagan and Moslem I had some few days to infer:n s;)me 70men ar Jent:y seek has been granted of my friends in Denm~rk and Ger- to I,S Chris:ians by Jesus Christ. To many, :md I am -sure that they have depenJ on Gad alone is the only and als:) taI.cn part in it . . . tho true liberty, for in Jesu-g Christ «It is not so .that VIe women all over there exists no distinction between thc ea th ar3 connected in prayer in man and woman (Gal. 3: 28); Jesus ()ne moment. But I am so glad to think Christ wished to reveal His life in that if we al'() faithful in this prayer women [S in men, quite independently over thc whole earth, then the prayer of the sex (Gal. 2: 20). As Christian is constant,y advancing ever the e:trth, YiOmen, we need to examine ourselves, <,TId alway::; in tr.e foctsteps of the sun. whether Jesus Christ really lives in "Fer Miss D. and for me it was us (2 Cor. 13: 5), and then assume re- quite strange to read the subjects for sponsibility for making known to all prayer for a whcle week written by the those of our sisters, neal' or far, who young Philippine woman and the Call have not realized the truth, that inde- to Prayer addressed to women over pendence comes from Jesus Christ, and the whole earth. We have for four that it is a blessing, accorded to us years been united in prayer for the from His hand, to be used in His need of women over the whole earth; spirit and in His name.

two years ago we arranged the fol- Let us then join in prayer, asking lowing prayer sheet and one year ago God for the necessary guidance to the following letter to our sisters all serve as a help to all Christian women over the world. It has been spread to who stand hesitating at a parting of friends all over but we wanted to reach the ways. Ask God that He show us 213

that which we are called to be, as May God permit us to serve Him, man's companion in the home, and as and even to suffer, if that be His will. members of different groups or congregations. Ask Him to sanctify the wom- Cycle of Prayer an movement in the various parts of the world. Ask that He deign to as- Arranged and distributt'd by some Scaudi~ sist our sisters in the day when they nil vian women three ;ycars ago. break their chains, in order that each one of them may recognize in the pres- Monday ence of God the full extent of her freedom. Ask Him also to teach them to "Our Father who art in heaven; halreceive and to use that grace, in order lowed be thy name." We pray Thee also that we may be worthy of His bless- for ourselves, women in all parts of the ing in the establishing of His King- earth. Thou who hast created us acdom on this earth. cording to Thy image, recreate us through Thy power according to Thy Prayer in fellowship is one of His original idea. Give us a pure heart and very great blessings, and Jesus Christ renew in us a right spirit. Mat. 5: 8; has thereto given a promise (Mat. 18: John 3: 2-3; Mat. 6; 9-13; Gen. 1; 27; 19). Jesus Christ grants equally His Ps. 51; 12. attention to those who unitedly address themselves in prayer to Him and (Prayer for the woman movement in those who pray alone, each one in her the old world and for the other parts of sanctuary. Fellowship in prayer forti- the world where women are beginning to fies us and leads us to a communion awaken.) with the Holy Spirit. (2 Cor. 13: 13). In order to reach all those who are in Tuesday accord with us, we have prepared a cycle of prayer. The different topics "Thy Kingdom come" includes us in in this prayer have been arranged ac- the ranks of those who spread the glad cording to the days of the week and news of the victory of Jesus Christ on are based upon the prayer of Jesus Calvary. Send us, like Mary Magdalene, Christ to His Father. They are to our brothers and sisters to carry to grouped in such a way that the request them the news of the resurrection and for daily bread and for the Bread of ascension of our Lord. Mat. 5; 4; 2 Cor. Life comes on Thursday, the day when 7; 10; 2 Cor. 6; 10; Ps. 68; 10-12; John our Lord instituted His Supper, and 20; 17-18; 1 Cor. 1; 27-29. the prayer for remission of sins on Friday, the day of Calvary. So we be- (Prayer for all feminine spiritual gin this prayer on Monday and con- work; for women missionaries and those tinue to Sunday, the day when we who lead youth; for the Young Women's praise God for all his blessings and all Christian Association.) His gifts. Wednesday It is well to realize that the ideas set forth in this letter are being born "Thy will be done on earth as it is in at the same time in other countries heaven." Admit us women also to the and that a great number of people al- service for which Thou hast prepared ready share them. It goes without us, so that we may go forward. Whether saying that the fellowship of Chris- these good works be small or great, pertian women will be closer if we learn mit us, through Thy enabling to receive to know all the literature which treats all the abundance of Thy blessing in of the question of women and which order to accomplish Thy holy will in tells of the struggle in different places everything. Mat. 5: 3; Mat. 11; ~5; for the acquisition of this independ- Eph. 2: 10; 2 Cor. 9: 8; Rom. 12: 2; ence and the most certain means of Luke 1: 38.

attaining it. (Prayer for girls' schoDls, and the education of women.) Thursday "Give us this day our daily bread," food for our bodies and for our souls. Make us in our households worthy of the bread which thou hast given, but may each, whether at home or abroad, demon- strate that we live not by bread alone. but by every word which proceedeth out of the mouth of God. Revive us with the Bread of Life. Mat. 5; 6; Luke 6; 21-23; 1 Cor. 4: 2; Mat. 4; 4; John 6; 27, 35, 51-58.

(Prayer for the work of women in the home and for their married 'wel- fare.)

WOMAN'S HOME AND FOREIGN BULLETIN

Friday have suggestions for the variety · of "Call" in future. You will note that "Forgive us our sins, as we also for- this year it has not included.a daily give those who have trespassed against · cycle. (See December REVIEW.) us." We give Thee thanks for having redeemed the world by the coming of Jesus Let .us all remember to pray for Christ. Make us to be ministers of this peace daily at the noon hour, as desigreconciliation. that we may be Thy serv- nated several years ago; and we shall ants on this earth. Mat. 5: 9-10; J as. not forget our appointment at sunset 3: 18; Mat. 6: 14-15; Mat. 5: 44-48; each Sabbath when we follow the out- Mat. 18: 21-35; 2 Cor. 5: 18-20. line prepared by our friend in the Netherlands until the next World Day (Prayer for the work of women and of Prayer, February 12, 1932. for the establishing on earth of peace, regardless of race, nation, class or sex.) Saturday "Lead us not into temptation, but deliver us from evil." Humble us by the thought that sin entered this world through woman. Help us that we shall not be a temptation for man, but in truth a "helpmate." Destroy all the works of the devil in us and around us, and give to us the glorious liberty of the children of God. Mat. 5: 5; 1 Cor. 13; Eph. 4: 1-3; Gen. 2: 18; Gen. 3: 12; 1 John 3: 8; John 8: 36, 32; Rom. 8: 2l.

(Prayer for the work in common of me~ and women outside the home.) Sunday Praising Thee for the peace which RENDERING THANKS Thou hast given us through the grace of our Lord, Jesus Christ, the love of God The Bulletin in the January issue of and the communion of the Holy Spirit, the REVIEW contained a couple of parawe place in Thy keeping ourselves and graphs about the attractive poster for all that are dear to us. "For thine is the World Day of Prayer and Mr. the kingdom, the power and the glory Frank R. Southard, the artist who for ever and ever." Mat. 5: 7; Mat. 25: made it. By chance, the same Issue 34-46; 2 Cor. 1: 3-4; 2 Cor. 13: 13; ·had as frontispiece the mural he John 4: 10-11; Mat. 6: 25-34; Mat. 11: painted ,for the North American Home 28; Rom. 8: 28; Isa. 63: 9; 2 Tim. 1: Missions Congress held last December. 12; Rom. 15: 13. The January article evidenced plainly ·the IIpirit of service in which his work (Prayer for all good works by women; is done and the spiritual atmosphere for those isolated and lonely; for an that surrounded the production of the awakening and a revival.) poster. It is a very real pleasure to let our readers see Mr. Southard. Doubtless there are many who will be glad to join with our sisters in Den- Mr. G. Marston Lord has had charge mark and Norway in this daily cycle of printing most of the World Day of prayer. If women in other countries of Prayer material since the first unihave been circulating prayer ideas will fiedobservance in 1920. The writer you not send them to the Federation has had business relationship with him or Council, that they may be ,shared for twenty years and has greatly val- ued his splendid cooperation, painswith the wider circle? taking care, constructive suggestions and general friendliness, and 80 with Have you suggestions for future grateful appreciation he also is introthemes for the World Day of Prayer, ·duced. or authors in other countries, for either the Program or the "Call to Frequently users take for granted Prayer"? .Korea, the Philippines, the finished products and forget those Netherlands, Canada, and the United States have been represented; next year India will give us the Program and Mexico the "Call." Perhaps you

whose work has wrought them. We woman should, with God, see all parts eat the peas, beans, corn and tomatoes as essential, though she might be a without a thought for the migrant worker on one part of the pattern. who picked them or placed them in the cans. We read the leaflet, and while Those days have passed. With wom- the author and organization official an's entrance into citizenship she has may be in mind, the editor, draughts- a greatly enlarged freedom, vision and man, compositor, printer, the stenog- opportunity. The church society of rapher, sales clerk, wrapper, postman other days does not satisfy. It does are unnoticed cogs in the machinery not claim the interest of all the women of production and delivery. with their differing tastes. Today's task is too big for small groups with At our next meeting shall we not a vision limited to one aspect. As for a few moments meditate upon Frances Willard says, "One-sided ad- what the World Day of Prayer means vocates make a one-sided movement." to us who share in its inspiration, and ask God to bless those whose handi- From these considerations has work-often monotonous and tiring- grown in many churches a Woman's has made this possible for us. They Union with departments, where the have sown seed in personal discom- program is a whole, with each woman ;fort and drudgery; we have gathered interested in all and all women inter- 'hiscious fruit of fellowship. "Lord ested in each. God of Hosts", be with us yet, lest we forget, lest we forget!" What Are the Advantages of a Wom- an's Union? FLORENCE E. QUINLAN. In our busy life it simplifies effort TO WOMEN'S CHURCH SOCIETIES by calling for but one set of officers, and one day of meeting, though a de- By MRS. E. TALLMADGE ROOT partment may have special meetings if occasion arises. Reprin ted by permission from J nne ::1930 Pa.cts a·ltd Factor8~ published by the Mas- It is a Union which expects all its sacilusetts Federation of Chnrchf's and Council members present on its day of meeting, of ReligiouB Education. "The ~l"oman's Com· and all have the benefit of the promittee of the Massachusetts Federation of gram, be it Missionary, Social Service, Churches bas undertaken as its most serious or Citizenship. task this year the study of organized woman's work in the local church." This committee What Are the Advantages of consists of wome-n of' twelve denominations. Departments ? Other areas might profit by similar intensive study. and contribute further suggestions and methods.

DEAR PRESIDENT: They enlist more women because they give a variety of interests. I think we will all agree, in the beginning, that the object of the Wom- They give a more complete picture an's Church Society is the stimulation of God's plan for building the kingof effort for the local church, and for dom. the Kingdom of God in general. For many years two lines have been em- They increase the activities and inphasized-local church needs and mis- terests of the whole church because of sions-and according as the women the larger vision introduced. of a church favored one or the other of these lines they gathered in groups What Departments Are Needed to further their respective ends. This Today? grouping raised barriers of thought till it was often said, "some of our Devotional, because on the prayer women are interested only in our life and spiritual vi,sion depends the church, and some are interested only vigorous life of the Union. This is in missions," forgetting that God's the department which should deepen plan for His Kingdom is a whole and the spiritual life of the women of the not a patch-work plan, and that each church.

Home Church, because the Wom- an's Church Society is really the moth-

er of the church, and, like eyery gcod perceptio;1 w,;s a never failing source mother, must be a housekeeper, ne3:llc- cf strength and conldence. Out of a woman, and creator of right social life, rich expe' ience cf personal relations in visitation, family gatherings and and denominational work she made a recreation. valud!e ccntribution to interdenomi- Missionary, because there is a great nationul associations and to conferunfinished task in the world, and no ences en peace and law enforceIT.(nt.

woman can slacken her efforts till J e- Mrs. McDowell has held many posi- sus' Gospel of healing, teaching and tions of importance in chur~h cl'gani- preaching is carried to every corner zations. She was President cf the of the earth. This department is set Women's Foreign Missicnary Sodety for education, prayer and gifts. of the Methodist Episccpal Church Social Relations, because it is nec- from 1908 to 1921.

essary as Christian women to feel our One of her great interests was cen- oneness with the unfortunate in our tered in the training and leadership of own community, with our sisters in Nationals, and her cwn Society hon- industry, with our world through in- ored her on her retirement in 1921 by ternational relations, with all the fam- establishing the Clotilda Lyon Mc- ily of God through race relations. Dowell Fellowship Fund. More than This department has a most fascinat- thirty young women of other lands ing program of education and friend- have, through this fund, enjoyed the ly contact with community, industry, privilege of graduate study in this internationalism, and racial groups. country, Through them her ideals of Citizenship, because the 19th life and service are entering into the Amendment has made it a Christian building of new civilizations. obligation to register and vote intelligently and conscientously. This de- The beauty of her face, and the ra- diance of her personality will long be partment should keep the women a happy memory and inspiration to informed of moral and welfare issues the lives of those who knew lVII's. Mcand legislation that they may cooper- Dowell.

ate for law observance and protection of society. ACTIVE AND PASSIVE MEMBERS Under these departments may be Too few persons carry the burden of grouped other interests as the local the church program in many churches. needs demand. For the sake of the spiritual develop- . MRS. WILLIAM FRASER ment of the members, as well as in the McDOWELL interest of a fair distribution of work, as many as possible of the membership Clotilda LYon McDowell, wife of ought to be assigned to deiinite tasks.

Bishop McDowell, passed away sud- An illustration of the situation fre- denly at her home in Washington, quently met with is seen in a tabula- D. C., December 27, 1930, and was tion covering 12 city churches with a laid to rest on the last day of the old total resident enrollment of 2,877. It year in Delaware, Ohio, where her col- was found that 2,182 of these members lege days were spent in Ohio Wesleyan had no task whatever for which they University. were responsible in the work of the In the homegoing of Mrs. McDowell church.

the Federation of Woman's Boards of On the other hand, two members had Foreign Missions has lost a warm six tasks each, 13 h~d five t:sks, 27 friend of many years. She has served had four tasks, 72 had three tasks, 166 the organization with unstinted devo- had two bsks and 415 had one task tion since its inception. Her unfail- each.

ing courage brought inspiration and A total of 1,148 definite pieces of cheer, and her insight and spiritual work were being performed by 659

members, while 2,182 members were Foundation. Paper, 80 ccnts; cloth, deprived of the benefits of personal re- $1. (The latter edition carries the recsponsibilities in the church program. ord to 1929, whereas the paper edition stops with 1928.) Many of these nonofficial members, The United States and the World Court, no doubt, were vital influences in the by Philip C. Jessup of Columbia Uni- Jives of their churches, but many more versity. World Peace Foundation. in all probability were receiving more 155 pp, 40 cents. than they gave. The Permanent Court of International Justice, by Vera Micheles Dean. For- The statistics of many churches eign Policy Association Information would tell a ·similar story. What is Service. 'December, 1929. 37 pp, 25 the situation presented by your own cents. church directory? Should the United States Join the World Court? Leaflet. Federal Council of In the active participation of the Churches. $1.50 a hundred. passive connection of its members lies at least one of the reasons why a cer- 'INDIA tain church forges ahead or why another lies dormant. From Presbyterian World News, January. 1031. -Ohio Christian News. India is a land ·of contrasts, but it WORLD COURT MATERIAL is a land of opportunity for the mis- sionary. There is opportunity for a From December, 1930, Christian World E<lu.- clearer message. The nonchristian co·t/or> News Servwe printed by tile looks at the Christian Church, even Council of Christian Associations though he is told not to look at the missionary but at Christ. As we judge Now that the World Court is once him by his mode of living, so he judges more [prominently in the public us. It is easier to work when the thought], there will be an increasing Church at home has ·so many voices demand for information about it. raised against such evils as war, ex- Here is a list of some of the material ploitations of men, women and chilavailable: dren, race prejudices and inequalities. Whatever is done to incarnate the The World Court: The History, Organi- spirit of Christ in Christians in Amer- zation and Work of the Court. March, ica opens doors of opportunity to us 1930. The American Foundation. Free. here. The world is smaller than it wa·s, and educated Indians are critical. The World Court: Fifty Questions An- swered. Replies are based on official -An India Missionary. documents. The American Foundation. Free. CHURCH MILITANT AGAINST WAR The Permanent Court of International Justice, by Charles Evans Hughes. United Press dispatch in l'ew York Herald An illuminating address given by Mr. Tribu.ne. December 12, 1930, Hughes on his return from serving as a Judge of the World Court. The The church should forbid military American Foundation. Free. service in event of war, Archibishop Nathan Soderblom of Sweden said in Foreign Relo,tions Bulletin Number 7 his speech accepting the ',1930 Nobel (Revised Edition). This gives a rlJ- peace prize. sume of the negotiations in regard to the adherence of the United States to "The church hitherto has not fulfilled the World Court, and the text of the its duty in preventing war," he said. Protocols, with explanations. The "It therefore has failed, and this failure American Foundation. Free. the church ought humbly to confess, and strive to the utmost to improve its in- Article by Senator Gillette analyzing fluence. The church must fight against the Protocols. The American Founda- every government that wilfully prepares tion. Free. war. Our peace activity must be more energetic. Only by a fight against the Speech by John Davis on the World 'old Adam' can peace be obtained." Court. The American Foundation. Free. King Haakon and Crown Prince Olav were present at the address which was Secretary Sti'1luwn's Letter to the Presi- applauded enthusiastically. dent. The American Foundation. Free.

The World Court, by Ma'nley O. Hudson of Harvard Law School. World Peace

AMERICA From the Interior of

Wanted: Eighty New Workers SEVEN or eight years ago Rosalvo Goulart, a faithful believer in T HE Latin America Evangelization Araguary, moved further interior Campaign is committed to a five with his few household effects, twelve years' program which calls for eighty children, an ox cart and a few yoke new workers. It is aimed to place in of oxen. After a long journey of more each of the twenty republics of Latin than 300 miles he found a lonely spot America a missionary couple accom- near where the interior states of Matpanied by a trained native evangelist to Grosso and Goyaz touch the states and wife, exclusively for evangelistic of Minas and Sao Paulo. There he work. They are to be supported by drove some stakes and covered them the· Latin America Evangelization with a thatched roof to establish hifl Campaign, and are to help all mission- home. He took his Bible with him and ary work in their territory. Each began telling his neighbors about J egroup will be furnished with a tent sus. Soon there was a large group of and given ample supplies of literature. inquirers in that lonely interior of Brazil. The Bible Institute in San Jose, Costa Rica, will supply many of the One morning I set out to visit Sen- native evangelists. The San Jose ior Rosalvo and to explore that un- headquarters offers a unique training evangelized region. One day as we ground for these new mIssionaries were crossing a river we found a fer- who will spend at least one year in ryman who asked: "Where are you the study of the language and people. fellows going; to hunt diamonds?"

"No, we are going to hunt souls for Sunday School in Mexico Christ." With a look Qf utter aston- ishment he said: "Souls? What's MISS MABEL YOUNG, of Puebla, that?" We told him the wonderful Mexico, writes in the Watchman story of Jesus and His love for men. Examiner: "Two of our Normal girls He wanted to know more and asked: take turns in teaching in the little "Isn't there any book that tells about Sunday school at San Mateo. A year this religion?" "Yes," we replied, ago, only three or four people were "there is a book and it is called the interested, but a man and his wife Bible." He had never seen or heard offered their living room as a meeting of a Bible but we left him reading the place. When others realized that the Old, Old Story. This man is a type hated Protestants were holding serv- of a vast multitude of Brazilians.

ices, they became very angry, and There is not one minister of the Gos- tried to prevent the continuation. pel in all this region.

Amid stone throwing, many dark looks It was a joy to preach the Gospel and expressions of disapproval the in the humble home of Senior Rosalvo work has continued and the group at- to scores of eager listeners. He has tending the services has grown. A lit a candle in that little corner of the nurse or the pastor from Puebla or great nation of Brazil and light is other worker talks to the adults while breaking everywhere.-Rev. J. R.

a student teaches the children. Woodson, in The Christian Observer.

219

Protestants in Brazil arranged for such centers as Lima, Peru; Santiago, Chile; Buenos Aires, T~E following information, printed Argentina; and Montevideo, Uruguay. III the Evangelisches Missions Magazine, has been sent by Pastor The progress of the Sunday Schools Rudolf Becker of Candelaria, Rio in Latin America is encouraging. The Grande do Sui (Brazil). enrollment will total no less than 225,- 000. Of this number more than half The Brazilian Baptists, numbering are to be found in Brazil. Next come about 32,000 members are carrying Argentina (including Uruguayan d on missions among the Indians in the Paraguay), 29,747; and Chile, 25,582. Amazonas Territory. Statistical reports are gathered of An interdenominational mission is Sunday School enrollment every two working among the Indians in Matto years and the last report for 1930 Grosso. This is supported by Method- showed an increase of 10.6 per cent. ists, Presbyterians and Independent Emphasis is laid in Brazil and else- Presbyterians. where upon the expanding prog~am of religious education through daily An appeal to undertake Indian mis- vacation Bible s c h 0 0 l,s, week-d.ay sions has recently been issued by the schools and young people's organiza- Evangelical Lutheran Synod of Santa tions. Mission schools everywhere give Catharina, Parana and other states. much attention to religious education This is known as the field of the Lu- 3S an integral part of the educational theran Gotteskasten. task.

A regular mi.ssion has been carried Missions in Venezuela on for over half a century by the Southern Methodists, the Southern FURLOUGHED missionaries from Baptists, the Presbyterians and the Venezuela are kept from their work Episcopalians of North America, by by reason of the fact that no foreign the English Congregationalists, the clergyman or ordained foreign mis- Swedish Baptists and the Missouri sionary is allowed to enter the coun- Lutherans. As a result several con- try. Missions affected include the gregations, many of theiTI self-supporting, have grown up. The mem- Presbyterian, the Scandinavian Allibership of the abJve mentioned churches is estimated. at about 3)0,000 ance, the Swedish Evangelical Free and that of the! Protestants originat- Church and the Orinoco River Mising from Germany, at about 250,000. sion.

World Gathering in Rio Mr. W. Reginald Wheeler has issued the following statement: T :-IE Eleventh WGl',d's Sun day S~heol CGnventkn is to meet in The "Law of Foreigners," decreed by Congress on .July 1, 1923, contained the Rio Ge Janeiro, Brazil, in July, 1932. following articles: This will be the first time the C::nvention has met in South America and "Section I-Art. 6: For the entrance is the first world gathering of Ch ris- of priests or ministers of any church tians eV3r held in Brazil. what~oe.ver there is required the special permlSSlOn of the Federal Executive in Di·. Rotert M. Hopkins, the General each case. Secretary cf the World's Sunday School Ass0ciation re:ently returned Sction II-Art. 15: The declaration from a visit to Brazil, Argentina. of exclusion shall be issued by the Presi- Pa.ragu:lY, Urugu~y, Chile, Peru and dent of the Republic and endorsed bv Panama, where he held conferences the Secretary of Interior Affairs and with Sund~y Scheel representatives. shall be published in the Official G;zette.

Since travel is expensive in S8uth Section III-Art. 27: Against the de- Ame: ica and distances are gnat, it is cree of exclusion (or of expulsion) no hoped that regional meetings may be recourse is permitted.

Special permission from the Fed- eral Executive, transmitted through the Minister of Interior Affairs, is

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

required for the entrance of a foreign great Protestant nations who were clergyman. Since September, 193':>, thus seeking to seduce Belgium from no such permission has been given. her ancient religion and to hand her This situation has developed out cf over to the Great POWErs. The City the contest between the Government Council was divided, one p"lrt, declarand the Roman Catholic Church. Sim- ing in our favor. The Burgomaster ilar contests have occurred recently in himself sent us secret wad to "hold Mexico and certain other Latin Amer- fast." When a mob 'Of 800 people, ican cotintrie,s. stirIed up by. priests, sought to assail and destroy cur tent, not only did the EUROPE mounted police protect us, but groups of So~ialists themselves formed a cor- Peace Pla.ns fo;' Twenty-Seven Na.- don around the tent tJ keep the mob from cutting the tent ropes. We tions praise God for many oonversions, among tl:em being one cf the very ON JANUARY 21st a cable message ringleaders of the riot; for the large from Geneva announced that numbers that attended the after-meettweLty-seven nations had pledged ings, and for the wcnderful W'JY that themselves to preserve peace in Eu- publi;: opinion was tu,'ned in our farope. Their solemn manifesto is ex- vor at the end of the meetings. Since pected to put an end to war-talk and the dose of the meetings, we have to go far toward reestablishing eco- been able, through the gift of a fri2nd, nomic and political stability. "The to buy a building in this city of ArIon, machinery Of the League of Nations where we shall install a permanent is to be used to prevent any resort to worker. violence." The signers of the manifes~{} include France, Great Britain, Burgomasters or Mayors of other Germany and Italy. Committees have citiES are cften favcl'~b~e to us. We been appointed to study methods for believe that ttis mJVement of God in solving various problems and for pro- Belgium is already layinz hold of moting unity, if not union, among the sorre of the inbllectuals. The head European nations. Judge of the C:;urt of Ghent has be- come deeply convicted and is coming Socialists and the Gospel in Belgium to the mEetings.

T ODAY, in Belgium, the Socialists Great blessing has also attended the and Liberals are taking up the special distribu~ion of Scriptures and cudgel in the defence of missionaries tracts-a million and a half having of the Belgian Gospel Mi,ssion against been distributed during this year of the opponents. God makes use of po- the Centenary of Belgium's political litical parties to further His own independence. This large distribution ends, although the Socialists them- is the greatest that has ever occurred solve are conscious of nothing but in one year in the history of the countheil' antagonism to the Roman Cath- try. Mr. Van Lierop, head of the olis party! The Socialists do not come station at Ghent, has had permission to the Gospel meetings, but neverthe- to hold open-air meetings anywhere less, when we are attacked by posters in this great city.-Ralph E. Norton. and the papers, their own official organs come out justifying us and be- Swedish Missions laboring the Catholics for their opposition. SWEDISH missions in China repre- sented by seven SOcieties, are pass- Recently, during tent meetings at ing through severe straits. The mis- ArIon, in southeastern Luxembourg, sion schools have had to be closed the papers attacked us bitterly and pretty generally, although the work of placards denounced us. One was even evangelization has been permitted to posted on our Gospel car during the go on. But the Lutheran high school in night. We were denounced as spies and heretics-political agents of the

Taohwalun is having a hard struggle. homes and labor to support themselve·s In the Congo region, in Rhodesia and and their families.

in some parts of India Swedish mis- German-Russian refugees, aggre- sionaries are experiencing great move- gating eight hundred, have escaped ments toward Christianity. Their from Siberia, and are now stranded medical work is increasing in Portu- in Harbin, Manchuria, China. Of guese East Africa, Turkestan, Rho- these, about two hundred are Lu- desia and India. The mission in Mon- therans and the others are Roman golia, which is said to. be the only Catholics, Mennonites and Baptists.

Protestant one in the field, has been The very small German Lutheran con- almost exterminated during the last gregation in Harbin pas been strained year. beyond its strength in the effort to In the home field conditions are give all these refugees sbelter, food encouraging. Both the Church .Mis- and clothing.-John A. Morehead, in sion and the Fosterland Stiftelse have The Lutheran.

been able to wipe out their debbs. In the public schools, missions have be- AFRICA come a regular subject for study and Portuguese Restrictions in East- at the university of Upsala a chair Africa has been established for the history of missions with Dr. Westmann as rrHE educational inspector of the the professor.. Colonial Government of this terri- tory recently placed before the Gov- ernment council certain proposals for Methodist Church in Russia Closed the control of the Portuguese missions for Observing Christmas in the regions subject to the govern- APRESS report states that the ment. According to these regulations First Methodist Church of Lenin- all missions must secure written pergrad and the only one in Russia has mits to work. They must state a defi- been closed by the bolsheviks after en- nite locality where they intend to work joying immunity for many years. The and must render annual reports to the charge against the church was that Government. Their members must be of conducting an illegal Sunday-school clerical and the governor-general must and with having had a Christmas tree pass on their program. Foreign lan- and distributing gifts among the chil- guages are prohibited and the native dren. dialects are allowed only jf the pupils The Leningrad Soviet ordered the learn Portuguese at the same time.

arrest of the members of the church All textbooks must be in Portuguese.

board, the organist and the leaders of The missions may not sell their prop- the congregation, forcing Anna Ek- erty and may use it only for mission- lund in charge of Methodist activities ary purposes. Such a legislation in Russia to leave the country.-Evan- against missions has heretofore not gelical-M essenger. been attempted by any other colonial government.

Stranded Russian Refugees T HERE are at present one hundred Notable Industrial School in Africa and four Lutheran refugees from Russia stranded at two places in Per- THE Frank James Industrial School sia. In the course of their escape, of the West Africa Presbyterian they lost all their property and are Mission was established as a memorial reduced to penury. The appeal comes to a young man who was killed by a for help to supply them with food and wounded elephant while on a hunting clothing, and to assist them ultimately trip to Africa. The young man's sisin securing transportation to coun- ter made a gift to the Presbyterian tries where they may find permanent Board of Foreign Missions specifying that the money should be used to pro-

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

mote industrial training of African of his independence, ministering to him boys. intellectual food hardly appropriate to his worth. The religion taught by the Slowly the work progressed. A tail- Catholic missionaries, their precepts of or class was begun with a few yards humility and of respect for the estab-' of cloth and a second-hand sewing lished order, seem more nearly. related machine. A small sawmill outfit was to the mentality of the negro, who in purchased and shipped to Africa. To- the regions of Angola is the most primday the work has expanded to include, itive of beings." a complete planing and molding outfit, a blacksmith shop, and many sheds Ka Ci Lemi, Ka Ci Ganyala in which tailoring, carpentering, tanning, furniture making, ivory carving, YOU may not be familiar with this brick making, and other industrial ac- language. It is the motto of the tivities are carried on. In addition Galangue station of the Angola Misthere is a printing press manned by sion in West Africa, the station which the native workmen. The work of is the special project of the Negro this industrial school is transforming Congregational churches. The meanthe whole life of the people about it, ing is, "If it is not heavy, it is not while at the same time it touches their worth while." The Angola Mission lives with Christian ideals.-llion T. has just celebrated its Jubilee. Here Jones, in The. Presbyterian Advance. is the contrast between 1880 and 1930.

Catholic vs. Protestant Teaching Then: Three white men from Amer- ica bring presents of cloth, but no ONE difference in the influence of rum. These newcomers are objects of Roman Catholic and of Protes- suspicion, since they claim to seek no tant missionary education on the Af- ivory, rubber or slaves. Their unrican is revealed in an unintended willing hosts are the Ovimbundu, a testimony by a French traveler, Chris- virile people numbering about a miltian de Caters, in the Colonial and lion, mostly traders and slave hunters. Maritime Dispatch, printed in Paris, They have no written language. They April 24, 1930. Roman Catholic teach- have no god save fierce and implacable ing tends to keep the African servile spirits. They are slaves to the witch and dependent, while Protestant train- doctor and to fear. They live in stocking seeks to develop a godly person- aded villages composed of square mud ality and strength. The quotation huts thatched with grass. Polygamy, from the Boletim da Aquencia Geral slavery and cruelty prevail. das Col6nias, of Lisbon, is as follows: Now: The raids of native kings "In my voyage to Portuguese Africa I have ceased. There are towns and met a certain number of religious mis- cities, auto roads and a railroad from sionaries and whether their nationality the coast with two trains a week, as was French, Alsatian, German or Portu- a result of the introduction of Euroguese, for all of them I always felt es- pean civilization. There are five misteem and even admiration. I sympathize sion stations with over thirty resident less with American missions although missionaries; four self-supporting they may also accomplish a worthy work and self-governing churches with a of civilization…… If a former pupil membership of 4,000; 300 native pasof one of the missions proposes to con- tors and preachers; 6 boarding tract himself to a planter or to the head schools; 160 primary village schools of any enterprise, the employer will take enrolling thousands; Currie Institute, him without hesitation should he come a union higher training school for from the White Fathers. He prefers young men; Means School for girls; such a one to the pupils of the [Protes- clinics in all stations with 50,000 tant] "clergyman" in whose teaching he treatments yearly; 700 per cent inhas no confidence. It is not that the crease in native development in fiflatter may be giving bad counsels, but teen years with no increase in the his teaching tends to develop in the na- missionary force. The work has been tive a very real feeling of his own personality, of the freedom of his judgment,

hravy, but who will say it is not worth The B3rlin Mission therefore began w"lile ?-Congregation:zlist. the translation into modern Suahili.

Missionary Klaml'oth finished the ·An:ou6 African Pr~Bo-::e~8 translation, and in 1926, Missionary ARCHDEACON DANIELL, a mis- Roehl was sent out to revise the work. sicnary of the C. M. G. in Ug:mda, A native pastor in Dar-es-Salam, when has recently been carrying on evan- he had read the new translation of the gelistic work in the prisons in Kctm- Epistle to the Romans, exclaimed, pala. About 200 out of 700 prisoners "Now at last I am beginning to underattended the voluntary service on Sun- stand what St. Paul means to say to day [Cnd the weekly Bible class. One us!" man, 2. baptized Christian, heard the Gospel rr.cssage and one of the first The German Evangelical Missions things he did on being released was to of East Africa have united in the pubgo tJ the C. M. S. mission and r,sk for lication of this great work and the their prJyers. The Archdeacon says Wurtumberg Bible Society has unthat it was a delight to see this man dertaken its printing. Last summer walk up to the house, after five years an edition of 3,000 copies was sent out to Africa.

imprisonment, free once again. "There W3cS a spring in his step and a joy on WESTERN ASIA his face which indicated not only phys- Islam and Modern Culture G ical freedom but, I hope, real and OTTFRIED SIMON a well-known authority on Moslem conditions definite conversion and determination writes in Der Pionier on the question to serve God."

whether Islam will weather the pres- SuaMli Bible ent crisis. In considering the con- ANEW translation of the Bible into tributions of modern culture, he quotes Suahili (Swahili) became impera- the following interesting memorial tive for two reasons. First of all, the Suahili, which only thirty yea! sago from the rector of EI Azhar Univerwas almost entirely unknown to the great nations in the interior of Africa, sity to King Fuad concerning reform is today conquering all of tropical Africa with unbelievable power. This plans for the University of Cairo. i'B regarded as a language miracle that is unique in history. At present, ac- The Rector, Muhammed Mustafa-alcording to careful estimates, the Suahili is being spoken by about twenty Maraghy is himself a man of orthodox millions of people and is gaining adherents. It is said also that in Africa persuasion, which makes the letter all the printed word reaches farther than the spoken. The second reason is that the more noteworthy. – the translation made by the British Universities Mission was published It has always been the custom in the about fifty YEars ago. At that time Moslem religion that certain individuals it was nece,ssary to use Arabic words spread the faith and defend it against as being expressive of religious ideas all errors of science, and convince the of tbe Christian faith, such as sin, faithful. The Koran itself teaches us faith, grace, righteousness, hope, -com- that we should study the creation of fort, peace. Tl:ese Arabic words car- God. Islam is therefore not opposed to ried with the:11 the Mohammedan con- science, but rather places the educated notation and this made it difficult for man on a higher plane than the uneduthe Afri:ans to form correct ideas cated. Our former teachers were right about the Christian religion. in studying history. We are grateful to them for books which they wrote. Unfortunately the spiritual leaders of the last century have suffered only such books as harmonized with the ancient tradi tions.

The teachers of Islam must be in the lead in culture, they must acquaint them- selves with other religions, they must know Arabic well and must study mod- ern sciences such as general history and sociology. The lamp of El Azhar Uni- versity has grown dim and must be cleaned. The history of religions must

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be studied. It proves the superiority of Simply attired, a,s was the custom Islam. The knowledge of natural sci- of the Prophet, and sitting in a simply ence is alw necessary, in Qrder tQ under- furnished room, this king, Ibn Saud, stand the Koran better, and for the extends his hand to even the poorest same reason, the Arabic language, his- Bedouin and eats at the same table tory and philology. Modern educational with ministers of state, clerks and methods and methods of research must chauffeurs. He also imitates the be acquired. The legal practice needs Prophet in marrying frequently and reforms. Hence the university must be frequently changing his wives. He completely reshaped. judges according to the old law: a head for murder, a hand for theft, the Ibn Saud a Unique Character right foot and the right hand for rob- bery. Today the pilgrim may travel ONE of the most striking figures in unmolested even through inner Arabia. modern oriental life is the famous It is perhaps the first time since the Abdul Aziz Ibn Saud, since 1926 King days of the Prophet that one may of Hedjas and Nedjd. By means of travel unarmed and even carrying a bold military action, carried out great valuables, for Ibn Saud is inwith the help of twenty-five followers, exorable. He once had fifteen conhe occupied the city of Riadh in 1914 spirators executed at one time while and placed himself on the throne of he sipped his coffee. He is a man his ancestors. During the war he as- before whom men tremble, but whom sisted the English against Turkey for they love, a man who sees his life's which he received in the years 1917- task in the spread of the ancient faith. 1923 half a million pounds sterling. The Bedouin tribes, who were formerly He is thus in a position to buy air- only nominally Moslem, have become planes and other valuable European zealous defenders of the faith. The imports. This he managed, according movement is spreading even into to Gottfried Simon, without essential southern Arabia. returns to England and by skillfully evading existing treaties. Burying Hatred in Turkey His chief supporters are the so- PRES. CASS REED of Internationcalled "Brothers" (Ichwan) who are al College, Smyrna, reports on his blindly devoted to him. They are or- visit to Ankara (Angora), the capital ganized into 120 communities on the of the Turkish Republic: "Turkey original Islamic pattern. They have and Greece were burying old hatreds. brought about a complete revolution Across the splendid avenue below the in inner Arabia. The power of the Grand National Assembly Building kingdom is no longer vested in the the words in Greek letters, 'Kalos cities, but in the old-style Bedouin be- Elthete,' or 'Welcome,' appeared above lievers. By means of this organiza- a pillar in the well-known Greek blue tion the king, as did Mohammed be- and white, with Greek national arms, fore him, overcame all his opponents cross and all, prominently displayed! and just as then Arab tribes volun- And this was put up by the Turkish tarily submitted~ so now the whole Government in honor of the Greek kingdom of the Shammars fell into who, eleven years ago began war for his hands without a stroke of arms the possession of Turkey itself! Now and entirely by the persuasion of the he was welcomed as an ambassador of "Brothers." These former "real de- goodwill! I had dreamed that perfenders of the true faith" now wage haps my grandchildren might see only holy wars: they fight against Greeks and Turks thus fraternizing, the unbelievers. Therefore th~y also but here, only seven years after the call themselves Muslimin or Muwah- signing of peace, the miracle had been hiddin, i. e. believers or confessors of achieved. the one-ness of God. The name "Wahabis" which is customary among us, "During my stay in Ankara, I had is only a nickname, from Mohammed Abd Wahab, who died in 1750.

5

the pleasure of interviewing the Min- special anniversaries or other perister of Education, Essad Bey, and the sonal celebrations. Our message has chief permanent under-secretaries. I been accePted with great cordiality. received cordial assurances of coop- These high-class people have been superation, and am convinced that our porting idol worship in India. We schools will continue to receive the include the intelligentsia of the land encouragement and assistance of the as well as unconverted Anglo-Indians. Department of Education. Ankara is We trust in the promise given in truly a remarkable city. A few years Isaiah 55: 10-11. A great educationalago it was nothing but an unkempt ist who was in touch with us by postal town, with miserable houses, narrow system came to us some time ago and streets, and nothing to commend it was baptized. His grandmother also but an impregnable position. Now, was baptized. A high-class widow was it is a modern city, with broad streets, rescued and is now in a Wesleyan splendid buildings, modern conven- Home. My forefathers came from a iences and all the marks of an up-to- high caste to Christianity, and our date city. Hindu widows' condition has been heart-rending. INDIA,BU~A,CEYLON At our annual meetings we present Changing India the Word of God to Bible holders among the Princes and intelligentsia. I N RELIGION India's aspirations Weare in need of a fund to enable us are many and complex. Old cus- to invite Christian scholars to deliver toms, old habits and sanctions are de- addresses to the educated non-Chriscaying and many people are frankly tians in several centers of this vast perplexed. The orthodox are insist- country. Our polyglot work has been ing that salvation can be found only much helped by the Scripture Gift in a return to the Vedas, the old Hindu Mission and there are a few Indian scriptures. India's intellectuals, how- Princes who send donations. ever, recognize that such a movement can never be successful. Many are PasuDlalai Rural UplU't Society trying to modernize Hinduism. An increasing number are finding in Jesus WHEN the suggestion was made the ideal and power for life. The at Pasumalai, India, that a solatter attitude is especially evident in ciety be formed for students and the seniors of a Christian college in teachers which would enable them to India who have spent nearly four express themselves in voluntary servyears within its halls. ice to the community, the missionaries were amazed at the response. So In the educational field Christian many wished to join what eventually missions have had and are having an became the Pasumalai Rural Uplift enormous influence. Gradually, how- Society, that an organization of comever, government is assuming direct mittees was necessary to take care of control over this field of activity, the volunteers! The members elected especially in elementary education. a certain number of leaders for each This means that future mission policy committee, and there is now being must aim at quality rather than quan- carried on ten different projects, intity.-Rev. Bryan S. Stoffer. cluding adult education, with a night school, a reading room, together with The Gospel by Post in India a rural education library, a committee on propaganda, a cooperative society, MR. JOHN CHOWDHURI, of the a farm demonstration committee, Mission to the Aristocracy of which studies important phases of ag- India, writes from Cocanada, on Sep- ricultural development and methods, tember 29th, as follows: a committee on village health and san- itation and temperance, studying all We send the Gospel by postal system to the inaccessible Princes and Princesses of India at the time of

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questions affecting the physical health Through the courtesy of Dr. Sam Hig- ginbottom I paid several visits to the and well-being of villagers, and com- Agricultural Institute, and the more I mittees on problems of rural adminis- see of it the greater I am impressed with tration, recreation, games, baby wel- the splendid work that it has been dofare and village industries. ing. The Institute covers an extensive area which has been transformed into India Missionaries Address Indian smiling fields and lovely orchards. Most of the agricultural implements are pre- Christians pared at the workshop attached to the Institute where the teachers are engaged WE HAVE received from the Rev. in research work of one kind or another. J. Z. Hodge, Secretary of the Dr. Higginbottom has undertaken to National Christian Council of India, train fifty district board teachers in a copy .of the following letter: agriculture and in other subjects con- nected with rural reconstruction. These To OUR CHRISTIAN BRETHREN IN INDIA pupil teachers, who at first had consider- able hesitation in doing manual labor in AND BRITAIN: the fields, are now devoting themselves whole-heartedly to this work. Their We, a group of Indian and British training is not only confined to the pre- Christians at Kodaikanal, who believe cincts of the Institute but in order to that God's will is fellowship and brother- widen their outlook they go to places of hood, venture to send out this message importance in and near Allahabad. and appeal to our brethren. Dr. Higginbottom and his workers de- We have no hesitation in associating serve high commendation for their efourselves with the aspirations of India forts in the cause of economic regenerato achieve an equal and honorable place tion in these provinces. The Doctor is in the family 'of nations. We are con- not only himself imbued with the spirit vinced that an parties are sincerely seek- of service and sacrifice but also infects ing although along different lines what others with the same. This is the type they feel to be the best interests of In- of institution that India needs most at dia. At the same time we are deeply the present moment. distressed by the increasing spirit of distrust and bitterness between Britain and Contrasts in India India as revealed in the present struggle. I NDIA is a land of contrasts, but it The time calls for a spirit of magnan- is a land of opportunity for the imity and acts of conciliation on all sides missionary. There is opportunity for without which, we feel, the purpose of a clearer message. The non-Chrisall who are seeking India's highest wel- tian looks at the Christian Church, fare cannot be achieved. Believing even though he is told not to look at strongly that the only lasting solution the missionary but at Christ. As we will be reached through frank discussion judge him by his mode of living, so in a spirit of mutual trust and sym- he judges us. It is easier to work pathy we express the earnest hope that when the Church at home has so many there may be held a Round Table Con- voices raised against such evils as war, ference which will be truly representa- exploitations of men, women and chiltive of all parties and interests. dren, race prejUdices and inequalities. Whatever is done to incarnate the We appeal to our brethren throughout spirit of Christ in Christians in Amer- India and Britain that they will pray ica opens doors of opportunity to us earnestly and continuany, both in their here. The world is smaller than it private and public worship, that God's was, and educated Indians are critical. will for India may be revealed and -An India Missionary. obeyed. We also appeal to them at this juncture to avail themselves of every op- CHINA portunity to promote a spirit of mutual understanding and goodwill and to re- A Chinese Message to America gard it as a primary duty to share in all activities which will make India truly THE General Assembly of the great and truly free. Church of Christ in China, repre- senting the churches which have de- An Indian Official Visits AlIaha.bad veloped from the missionary work of K USHAL PAL SINGH, Minister of Education of the United Provinces, India, made the foll.owing statement regarding his impressions of the work of the Allahabad Agricultural Institute, Allahabad, India, last November:

western missionary societies, met in During its thirty years of service Canton last October and adopted a the Hackett Medical College has grad- message to western churches asking uated 188 young women. Of these 47 their fellowship in intercession. per cent have gone into private prac- In its message to western churches tice, 16 per cent into the service of the Assembly said in part: Missions and the remainder into the "The Church of Christ in China is fac- work of government or native chariing a situation which is most challenging ties. The course covers four years both because of the unusual difficulties and 67 students are enrolled this year. as well as the unparalleled opportunities. The aim of the school is to graduate As never before must we lay hold on Christian women physicians. All stuspiritual resources and we exceedingly dents attend daily chapel and Sunday covet your cooperation in adventurous, morning church services. The purimportunate intercession.

"(a) That our Christian youth in large po,se of this missionary medical col- numbers may recognize the call to the lege is significantly stated: challenge of the ministry as the most profitable investment of their lives. "To save life and spread the true Light."-Francis Shunk Downs. "(b) That our Christians may in a larger measure discover and manifest Presbyterian Policy in China the radiance of our religion, and make their Christian faith contagious. THERE seems to be no restraint placed by the Chinese Government "(c) That our leadership may be given upon the preaching of the Gospel in courage to joyously follow the will of churches, chapels, markets or homes. God as they discover it concerning the On the contrary, the almost universal perplexing problems they are facing, report is of an unparalleled receptivesuch as Christian education in view of ness to the Gospel on the part of the government restriction on worship and Chinese people, and even among the religious instruction, and other problems. students of government schools.

"( d) For the Chinese government, The Board of Foreign Missions of especially for those Christians who are the Presbyterian Church, U. S. A" serving the government, that vital re- has adopted a statement that says: ligion may be given its proper place in the new emerging state. "In view of the fact that our evan- gelistic missionaries are fewer by 15 "(e) That the will to Christian unity per cent than in 1925, the Board would may be fostered and strengthened and cooperate with the Chinese Church's that hitherto untrodden pathways may great Evangelistic Movement by callbe found whereby the separated Chris- ing and appointing to this work tian communions can arrive at complete China's full usual share of the acspiritual and organic unity. cepted candidates of the current year by urging all missionaries whose ac- "(f) That Christian youth of the West tivities in other directions are hinwith a positive Christian faith and with dered to devote themselves to enthua passion for Christian service may in siastic evangelism with their Chinese large number find it as the will of God associates. for them to come to China to cooperate with the Chinese Church in the task of "A very serious situation confronts creating a Christian China. educational mission work throughout China. The Nanking Government de- "(g) That the Five-Year Movement may continue to grow in the might and strength of the Spirit of God, to the end that all the resources of our Chinese Church may be utilized to achieve the objectives of this movement, namely, the deepening of the spiritual life of our Christians and the doubling of our church membership."

mands the registration of Mission Chinese Women Christian Doctors Schools of all grades, insisting that THE catalogue of the Hackett Medi- Senior Middle Schools and Colleges cal College at Canton, China, with shall not require students to pursue w hie h are associated the Turner religious courses or attend religious Training School for Nurses and the exercises; nor 'entice' students to David Gregg Hospital reports as fol- elect religion; that schools of lower lows: grade shall exclude religious courses

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

and exercises. The educational au- work and in the spiritual welfare of thorities have refused passports to the pupils. Chinese students expecting to pursue religious courses abroad, and have By giving up the primary building prohibited the holding of daily vaca- as a school building, and by holding tion Bible schools. A protest by the religious services entirely outside of Church of Christ in China and eleven the school proper and outside of school o the r ecclesiastical organizations hours, they are able to conform to against this 'denial of religious lib- Government regulations which forbid erty in the name of religious liberty' teaching Bible as a part of the curhaving been rejected by the Minister riculum in primary and lower middle of Education, the Board feels that, school grades. pending conference with the field as to the continuance of our schools under Thus far it is permitted by Governthese conditions, it will not be wise to ment to teach Bible in high schools ask the Church to expand its educa- and colleges provided it is put on a tional work in China at this time. voluntary basis. Nearly the whole The Board, however, cherishes a school voluntarily elected to study the strong hope that wiser counsels will Bible and almost 150 girls are ensoon prevail in the Chinese govern- rolled in the classes. These Bible ment, opening the way to enlarged classes "are very much in earnest" Christian educational service." and student prayer groups are being better organized. Religion in Bridgman School The older girls have again opened BRIDGMAN School, of Shanghai, the school which they conducted last faces the problem of how to main- year for outside children who have tain fully the objective of the school no chance to go to school. They teach -to give Christ to the students and Bible, singing, Chinese reading, writtrain up Christian leaders for China, ing and arithmetic. They also' teach under new and adverse conditions. A games. This little school meets after communication from local authorities school, from four to six in the afterto Bridgman School received during noon, and at present the enrollment is the summer states that Bridgman has: about forty. The gfrls like to do it as a part of their service for Christ and for China.-The Missionary Link.

1. No library. More Missionaries Needed 2. No equipment. 3. Teachers whose methods are old- APLEA that more missionaries go fashioned. to China as an offset to Soviet 4. Its pupils know nothing but the propaganda was made by Miss Eliza P. heavenly Father. Will Bridgman please Cobb, who has recently visited China, remedy these defects? at the .fifty-sixth birthday celebration of the Women's Board of Foreign Mis- The missionaries believe the local sions of the Reformed Church in authorities need more information re- America, held in New York last garding the school which has over month. She said: 1,500 books in its library; possesses good average equipment; while its "In China the missionaries now pupils pass the government examina- have two courses open to them-one tions and its teachers have made good is to register their schools and throw records in other schools. Christian teaching from the cur- riculum; the other is to teach religion Bridgman School, which is con- and run the risk of having the schools ducted by the Woman's Union Mis- closed. sionary Society, is fortunate in its principal, Mrs. C. C. Chen, and its "The Soviet program is to wipe the local board composed chiefly of Chi- Church of Christ out of Russia and nese Christians. The teaching staff out of China in five years. Contrast are deeply interested in their school

that with the program of the Church While such interest lasts, the evanof Christ in China, which is to double gelistic forces of the mission are eaits membership in five years. It is ger to improve every opportunity. reported that 3,000 Chinese youths With this open door there is also opare now being trained in Moscow and position. Communism and atheism will be sent back to China to spread among certain groups are rife, but communism. The call comes from the the common people in North China Christian Church in China for more today are ready to listen to the mes- Christian missionaries." sage of life and hope which Chris- tianity otIers.-Letter, Rev. Ge.orge Protestants and Catholics in China H. Trull.

'Tl HE Chinese. Recorder reports that JAPAN-CHOSEN .L the Catholic MissIons in China for Japan's Increased Population the year 1929, show a "net" gain of T HE national census of last October h2a9~0e00beceonnvkeriltlsedovoerr the number that showB a population of 64,447,000 that died from which is a gain' of over 4,000,000 in five years. These figures are for Japrivations. Twenty-four missionaries, pan proper and do not include the mandated islands of the Pacific, nor two of them bishops, sutIered death Korea, Formosa, and Saghalien. The increase is larger than was generally by martyrdom. Theological students believed, and the concern which Japan has felt in the last decade over the increased during the last two years inability of the land area to support so large a population is not without by 687, so that at present all the sem- foundation. Much attention has been given recently to the settling of colinaries and theological schools report onies in South America. Official sta- tistics issued by the Social Bureau of 4,765 students. the Home Office indicate that an aver- age of 500 people committed suicide The Protestants also have a martyr each month during 1930.-Alliance WeekLy. catalogue. From 1924 to 1929 twelve Sports Day Changed Protestant missionaries were mur- T HE head of the Educational Dedered and fifty-nine kidnapped. Among partment of Yokohama Prefecture announced recently that they had Catholics during the same period, changed their interscholastic sports day from Sunday to week days in twenty-one were murdered and thirty- order that the Christian schools might take part.-The Congregationalist. nine kidnapped. Educating Korean Women Chinese Ready to Hear the Gospel T70REA, with one sixth of the pop- I N THE district of Paotingfu in Chili Province, there is an open .1"'- ulation of the United States, has door for the Gospel. "In all my days only one college for women. But Ewha college has trained most of the leadin China I have not seen it so wide ing women in Korea during its twenty years of history. One finds the foropen," said Rev. William A. Mather, mer students (with eighty-six alum- nre) in almost every field open to wom- D.D" who has been in the field for en-in church work and social service, 28 years.

"Over ten years ago I could not presc?- with liberty. This year members of BIble classes are extraordinarily keen to hear. I constantly preach in the country. Two years ago I went to a village where there was only one inquirer. The people welcomed me. For a week they crowded in to hear the Gospel. When it was time for me to leave, they asked 'Why do you go? We have just begun to get a grasp of the Gospel.' In one place the innkeeper invited me inside, gave me tea and urged me to stay rather than go on to another place, as the people thronged inside to hear the Bible message. In another place an entire village stood in the bitter cold all day just to hear the Gospel."

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

medicine, education and business. ISLANDS OF THE SEA Best of all, these college graduates are establishing such homes as Korea An Unusual MissioD Board has never dreamed of before, where husband and wife are equal intellec- THE Marshall Islands were under tually, socially and economically, live the German Government until afttogether in mutual respect and love; er the great war when they were given where children are reared with in- over to the Japanese, one stipulation telligent and loving care and given being that the Islanders should con~ an opportunity to develop the best that tinue to be taught Protestant Chrisis in them. tianity.

The Methodists have set themselves Japan agreed and sent out there to giving Korean women a chance for four Japanese Protestant pastors as higher education. There was no col- missionaries and has now increased lege at all when Miss Lulu Frey began that number to six. in 1910 but since 1925 the enrollment has grown and the staff has been in- The Japanese Government pays the creased until there are now 161 stu- salaries of these missionaries, provides dents and 35 on the faculty.–Alice R. each with a dwelling house, gives a Appenzeller, in The Christian Advo- medical allowance and an allowance cate. for each child. The Government pays passage back and forth, granting a Early Handicaps in Korea furlough every three years.

WHEN Rev. Henry M. Bruen left The missionary makes a report to for Korea in 1899 there were no the Japanese Government but there roads in the country and transporta- has been no interference with the tion was over trails by little ponies, Christian work. A non-Christian naor coolies carrying baggage on their tion is thus sending out Christian backs, while passengers were carried missionaries to another people.-Mary in chairs (a box between two poles). E. Tracy. Even Chinese wheelbarrows and jinrikshas (the Japanese man-pulled A Moro Baptized wheel chair) were unknown in Southern Korea at that time. The Koreans AN ENCOURAGING and inspiring had never seen a wheel. The huts start among the Moros. has been were of stone and mud, thatched with made by Dr. Frank Laubach at Danstraw. Glass was unknown, and oiled salan, Lake Lanao, and the missionpaper was used in the windows. Dirty aries are already beginning to experirice and dog meat soup furnished the ence an answer to the prayers and chief food. Cows and bulls carried efforts of past years in behalf of this heavy loads and did the rough plow- Mohammedan people. ing and were killed and eaten when too old or too sick to work. Very little Last December I stood before a milk was used. Water was undrink- row of seven high school boys kneelable until boiled on account of typhoid. ing in front of the congregation at Smallpox was universal and leprosy Camp Kiethley, Lanao. They had been was common. examined and were being baptized in profession of their faith in Jesus Mrs. Bruen, who recently died in Christ. One of these boys was the Taiku, helped to establish a school first Mohammedan boy to confess his and two hospitals at Taiku, while 60 faith in Christ in that province. He churches in that province were under was Chickiting Pagayucan, a senior Mr. Bruen's care. Their daughter in the Lanao high school. He had has cabled her offer to take her moth- made his own way for eight years and er's place. today is in Silliman Bible School. He has dedicated his life to medicine or to the Gospel ministry. For three years he had been studying the Bible and attending Sunday-school and then

gave his heart to God and accepted and 58 per cent are in city churches. Jesus Christ as his Saviour.-Rev. Two hundred twelve denominations Frank J. WfJodward. are listed, more than half of which have less than 7,000 adult members. Suocessors of John G. Paton Three out of every ten are Roman Catholics with 13,300,000. The Meth- I N THE northern part of the island odist Episcopal Church comes second of Ambrim in the New Hebrides with 3,700,000. The Southern Bapthere are 2,500 natives to be evangel- tist, third, with 3,330,000. The Negro ized, and at the stations round the Baptist has 2,900,000. The Jews, 2,- coast there are native teachers waiting 930,000. In proportion to population, wearily for a pastor and leader. church members are most numerous in the East and South while it decreases Who will go and volunteer to take as we move westward. Protestants up the work for the sake of Christ? are in the majority in every State ex- cept Utah. Church membership is in- In September the station of Tongoa creasing almost exactly with the will fall vacant through the resigna- population. The number of Sabbath tion of the Rev. O. Michelsen. This school scholars is 21,000,000 as comisland has a large number of young pared to 24,740,000 in the public people who need to be trained in schools. The parochial schools are Christian life and faith to face the growing rapidly but the Roman Cathtemptations which civilization is olic Sabbath schools are declining. bringing to t~eir doors. Three out of every eight ministers in the 18 leading white denominations NORTH AMERICA and three out of every four of the three leading Negro bodies are not Workers in the United States graduates of either college or semi- nary. Church property is valued at OF THE 122,000,000 people in the $3,840,000,000, but many churches did United States, one-third, or 41,- not report. Parsonages are valued at 000,000, are children under sixteen, $500,000,000. The Roman Catholic while there are 38,000,000 men and and Jewish school property is valued 37,000,000 women between sixteen and at $7,000,000,OOO.-The United Pressixty-four, according to William M. byterian. Steuart, director of the census. About 49,000,000 persons reported themselves Investigating the "Y.." as having gainful occupation: Some 10,000,000 women report gainful oc- ONE of the hopeful signs of life in cupations, while perhaps 23,000,000 an organization which the more are keeping house. The 11,000,- churches have sometimes found occa- 000 men who are farming constitute sion to criticize is its appointment of less than one-quarter of the gainful workers as against 45 per cent in 1880. a group of wise men, headed by the Nearly a third of our workers are now in manufacturing and mechanical pur- Rev. William J. Hutchins, president suits, while clerical occupations em- of Berea College, whose purpose is to ploy about 7 or 8 per cent of the total. reexamine and to restate the purpose Successive censuses only emphasize and me,ssage of the Young Men's the rapidity of our industrialization. Christian Association. This associa- -The Nation. tion was originally founded in Eng- land, under the leadership of a layman CeDSUS of Religious Bodies of the Anglican church, as a group of religious young men wh(}se purpose T HE Federal Census of Religious was to lead to "conversion" their com- Bodies gives us many interesting panions in offices and warehouses. In facts. Out of every 100 persons over America its attitude broadened, as the 13 years of age in the United States, result of a stirring plea made by 55 are church members. Five women are members to every four men. Fifty-two per cent are in rural churches

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

Bishop P·otter in Boston, and it pro- and perhaps two of the others, be re- vided social and athletic clubs for tained in order that the new condi- those who could not afford to meet the tions of today might be met.-The full expense of such activities. Some Churchman.

branches of the "Y" have become pure- Florida Missionary Assemblies ly athletic clubs, in which the more "religious" activities, if they persist T AND booms come and go but many at all, have no integral relation to the J…J visitors from the North are not chief work of the organization. dependent on such circumstances for This commission emphatically as- their interest in Florida. Americans serts that the chief purpose of the from most of the forty-eight states Y. M. C. A. is to build a fellowship add to the population of that peninof boys and men, to "associate them sula during the winter months. They in Chri,stian living, and to help them include men and women of all classes, discover and to accept the full means but most of them seek health and reof Christian discipleship for their freshment in the warmer climate of lives and society." To accomplish this the South. Many are earnest Chrisin any adequate fashion, the Y. M. C. tians and generous supporters of mis- A. must be more than an athletic and sionary work. Some of the best schools social club, with a few Bible classes and churches are found in Florida and and prayer-meetings unequally and ir- several large and influential Bible relevantly yoked to it. Changes are classes. needed, and it is hopeful that their governing principle is declared to be Among the notable activities that the widest possible interpretation of have found a place in Florida are the the Gospel of Jesus.-The Churchman. winter schools of missions. These have now increased to ten, under the leadership of Mrs. Henry W. Peabody, Too Many Episcopal Churches Advisory Chairman. They have brought together missionary speakers THE elimination of half of the from all over the world-men and central-city Protestant Episcopal women who have devoted their lives churches in Philadelphia is urged by to serving Christ and their fellowmen. the Hon. Roland S. Morris, former They have braved the dangers and United States Ambassador to Japan hardships of war-stricken China, the and chancellor of the Diocese of Penn- fever-infested jungles of Africa, the sylvania. plague and cholera of India, the heat of the tropics and the rigors of the Mr. Morris has been associated with Arctic regions. This year ten missionthe affairs of the Episcopal Church ary assemblies were held in Florida for many years, and has three times between January 16th and February served as a deputy to the General 6th-in Palm Beach, Miami, Tampa, Convention. Lakeland, St. Petersburg, Clearwater, Orlando, Haines City, Deland, and The central-city churches, of which Stamford. The speakers included there are eight prominent ones, rep- Mrs. Peabody, Mrs. Helen Barrett resent a total investment of more than $7,500,000, of which over $4,000,000 is devoted to endowments. Anyone Montgomery, Dr. Robert H. Glover, of them, Mr. Morris said, thirty-five Dr. Walter Lingle, Dr. Robert Dyer years ago had more members in its of Africa, Mrs. Induk Kim of Korea, Sunday-school than all of them have Rev. J. H. Brady of Japan, and Dr. to-day. Unrevised membership lists Rosalie Morton of the Red Cross. of the eight churches, Mr. Morris declared, show a total membership of Negro Comm.unity Center T less than 6,000, too small a group to HE Negro girl who comes to Bal- timore for the first time has a warrant the large investment. He suggested that the two most historic, place to stay-

The Negro working girl has a so- will be one of the most effective miscial center- sionary agencies. The Chinese are eager readers, and each paper will no Ten organizations have a place to doubt influence several persons. play basketbaIl- Eskimos Attend Church Persons who love music may learn to play an instrument- T HE Eskimo of the far North, ac- cording to The Northern Cross, a Above all, the love of God is given publication of the Barrow Mission, a real expression among members of goes to church most religiously, and the Negro race. This is through the the population of any village may be Sharp Street Memorial Community known from the attendance upon House of Baltimore, one of the few church on Sundays. If this drops upon institutions for work among Negroes any given Vord's Day, it is an unwhich are a part of the World Service questioned fact that a number have of the Methodist Episcopal Church as gone to summer camps or that distant it is administered by the Board of traps have detained men from home. Home Missions and Church Extension. When all are in the village, the at- tendance runs close to three hundred, The community house, erected in and has gone over that figure. The 1921, provides a meeting place for average attendance during the last thirty-two organizations. There is a year has been 179. All who are presdormitory of twelve rooms and a laun- ent at Bible school remain for church dry. Special iI,lterest is taken in the service.-Presbyterian Advance. girl who makes only a living wage and who chooses the community house GENERAL as a home. Young women and girls going to the city as strangers are ac- Roman Catholics cepted in the dormitory over a period of adjustment. In addition to the STATISTICS compiled semi-officialdormitory, there is a circulating li- ly, but regarded by the Vatican as brary and game room, a gymnasium, substantially correct, report at the tearoom, roof garden, and meeting end of 1929, the Roman Catholics in rooms available for rental purposes. the world numbered 341,430,900. Of these 109,097,000 were in North, Cen- An average of 966 persons take ad- tral and South America. (Counting vantage of the community house each the total population of Latin America month. as Roman Catholic.) European Ro- man Catholics numbered 208,882,000; Newspaper Evangelism for Chinese Asiatic, 16,536,900; African, 5,330,- 000; Australian, 1,585,000. This seems THE American Missionary Associa- obviously an exaggerated e·stimate and tion has aided and encouraged a is probably based on the total number unique enterprise for the promotion of members of families one of whom of Christian interest among Chinese occasionally attends a Catholic church, in the United States. A Chinese woman, resident in Portland, Ore., who A Buddhist World Alliance has a rather u,nusual initiative and devotion to her own people, is work- T HE nr,st World Congress of Buding out a plan for giving to substan- dhist Youth was held in Honolulu tial Chinese merchants in various with a view to the formation of an cities of the United States a year's international union. Thl" idea is to subscription to the Chinese Christian form an international union after the InteUige1tcer, the leading interdenom- pattern of the Protestant WorId Alinational Christian weekly paper in liance in order to make Buddhism China. "Newspaper evangelism" has known. A missionary society is to be been a very successful method in J a- formed for active Buddhist propapan and this regular sending of Chris- ganda in opposition to Christianity. tian newspapers to the shops in Chinatowns where Chinese congregKte

WORTH

Any books mentioned in these colum718 will be forwarded by us on receipt of price.-THE REVIEW.

The Pastor and Religious Education. By ual matters, and into a more con- Harry C. Munro. 227 pp. $2. Ab- ingdon Press, New York. sistent Christian practice in daily The author knows whereof he writes conduct, has as much assurance of the and as Director of the International Council of Religious Education, has cooperation of the Holy Spirit as has had wide experience. The purpose of the book is to assist the average pas- the evangelist who convicts the sinner. tor to find his own proper place and to direct the educational program of Unfortunately, the teacher has often his church, and it is refreshing. to find that this is the author's solution assumed that his or her part of the rather than the multiplication of additional machinery. Some of the fol- process was a merely human underlowing questions are intelligently discussed, and each chapter has a brief taking; that after this human process bibliography: Should the church keep pace with modern educational meth- of teaching and learning had been ods? Why do young people leave the church? Is the Junior Church the best carried to a certain point, the students should be turned over to professional leadership, who would, in some mys- terious way, bring about conversion and decision through the cooperation of divine forces. The seeding and cultivation are the work of the teacher, the harvest that of the evan- gelist." S. M. Z.

way out? Can religious education re- A History of Science and Its Relations main a layman's movement? Does a With Philosophy and Religion. By Wil- director solve the problem? Can the liam Cecil Dampier-Whetham. 514 pp. minister take on another task? How $4. Macmillan. New York.

can the pastor become his own educa- This is a work of the first magni- tional director? tude-one of the ablest, most pro- The treatment of these various found, and yet most intelligibly writ- themes is thoroughly up-to-date and ten of the numerous books on the generally satisfactory. We are sur- subject. The author, a great English prised, however, that missions do not thinker and scholar of Cambridge have a larger place on the proposed University and Winchester College, program of religious education, and justly says that no story is more fas- that the importance of the baptism of cinating than that of the development fire and of intercessory prayer in the of scientific thought-man's age-long whole proces·s is not sufficiently em- effort to understand the world in phasized. There is excellent infor- which he finds himself and that the mation regarding the n e c e s s a r y vast and imposing structure of modern machinery, and the author advocates science that has resulted is perhaps simplicity. One would like to learn the greatest triumph of the human more regarding the motive power and mind. Nor does man's interest stop the dynamic of religious education. here. How are the revelations of It is not left out altogether. "The science regarding the earth, man and teacher who works quietly from week the universe related to the revelation to week seeking to guide the growing of God in the Bible and the needs and person into a truer insight in spirit- aspirations of the human Boul? After 235

tracing the history of science from its history of the Nigeria Mission, but beginnings in the ancient world to the latest developments in biology, anthro- rather a panoramic view of the unpology, physics and philosophy, the author concludes that "it is possible folding of a great enterprise in which to accept the fundamentals both of science and .of religion, and wait pa- not only God's guiding hand is everytiently for time to resolve discrepancies." We are confident that the where evident, but also human herothoughtful reader of this volume will concur in the judgment of The New ism and devotion of a high order. It York Times that "as a whole it far surpasses in excellence anyone-volume opens with the cry of the slave in the work of the kind that has so far appeared in the English language." dark days of old Abeokuta, (1821- A.J.B. 1837). It tells of the discovery of the Black River, of the Niger expedition in 1841, the founding of the first sta- tion, beginning of a church, and the decade of expansion, 1851-1860. We read how Crowther founded the Nigeria Mission, how it had dark days, how the Black Bishop was Porto Rico and Its Problems. By the ordained, and how, finally, the work Survey Staff of The Brookings Institu- expanded to the Central Sudan, and tion, Washington. Illustrated;. In- dexed. 707 pp. $5.00. 1930. those who toiled in tears saw a new Nigeria, with highways opened for the This is a rich storehouse of reliable Gospel and a bountiful harvest after information about Porto Rico-its the long seed-sowing. It is a wonder- area, climate, resources, population, ful story, well told, and the end of it agriculture, industries, econ.omics, finances, education, social conditions, is not self-congratulation but an ap- peal to complete the task. "This is no public health, government and reli- time to slacken our efforts. The door gion. Anything and everything that of opportunity stands wide open be- one wishes to know about this inter- fore us. The peoples of Nigeria, by esting island is here. The study was their very needs, call us. The work undertaken at the request of various still undone, and the work half-done, agencies in Porto Rico, by seven call us. The possibilities and promise trained experts of the Brookings In- of the future call us. And in these stitution, under the guidance of its things, if we have ears to hear, we director, Victor S. Clark, formerly shall surely detect the voice of Christ commissioner of education in Porto Himself, call~ng us to go forward in Rico. The recent activity of the pres- His Name." S. M. Z.

ent governor, Theod,ore Roosevelt, in "Uncle Sam's Attic." By Mary Lee Davis. $3.50. W. A. Wild Company, Boston. making known the distressing conditions in the island, lend special timeli- All leaders in missionary effort are glad to get a book that will furnish ness to this volume. It will enable us background and atmosphere for the missionary story. Alaska has been to know more about the people who rich in this kind of material. A num- ber of books have been printed in the have been under the American flag for last decade relating to Alaska. These have been of varying merit. Now over thirty years, and to take a more comes at last a definite book on Alas- ka. Mrs. Davis' book is written in a intelligent interest in their problems sprightly manner. It has all the fac- tual information a book of this sort and welfare. A. J. B. ought to carry. It is brimful of that ethereal quality called atmosphere. The Romance of the Black River-The Even the most unimaginative can Story of the C. M. S. Nigeria Mission. scarcely read this book without get- By F. Deaville Walker. 267 pp. 58. Church Missionary Society, London.

The author is well-known as a writer on African themes, an expert in missions, and with extensive personal knowledge of West Africa. The book is not intended as a complete

BOOKS WORTH READING

ting a whiff of pure reality from the are as great. Although much has al- ready been written about this worker Northland. It is so entertainingly among lonely fishermen on the coast of Labrador in many newspapers and written that it may be read aloud to books, including his own autobiogra- phy, there is room for this additional the home circle, and this is about as volume which makes an appraisement of his character and work that modessevere a test as can be applied to a ty prevented Dr. Grenfell from doing. It is an inspiring narrative of an innonfiction book. spiring life ·of unselfish and splendid devotion to Christ and humanity. Mrs. Davis lived in Alaska, loves A.J.B. Alaska and knows its immense length What Do Present-Day Christians Believe? and breadth. She finds a place in her By James H. Snowden. 357 pp. $2.50. Macmillan. New York. capacious affections for all of the un- This generation bristles with quesderprivileged native tribes. She does tions. There are indeed those who ac- cept their inherited religious ideas as not exclude the sturdy pioneer who is they accept their citizenship, and no more think of questioning the former making history in the growing cities than the latter. But many people, particularly among the young, want and developing prairies of what was to know the whys and the wherefores.

once called "Seward's Folly," in the The Church is feeling the effect of this unrest. The scientific teaching in days of our national ignorance. colleges and universities has under- mined some of the traditional ideas. This Book demands a place in the How shall the Church deal with young men and women who say that they mind of everyone who wishes to know cannot reconcile the old faith and new knowledge? To meet them merely about Alaska, or who Loves Alaska, or with authority or rebuke is worse than futile, it is suicidal. Wherever that who is interested in Alaska from any method has been tried, it has alienated questioners from the Church. angle whatev!)r. A. J. M. The Rev. Dr. James H. Snowden, African Stories. By Albert D. Helser, prominent among the religious leaders, F.R.G.S., Illus. 8vo. 223 pp. $1.75. shows a more excellent way in this Revell. New York. book. He dodges nothing, but frankly faces modern problems. He adopts After eight years as a missionary the method of questions and answers. in Nigeria, Mr. Helser has some in- He states a full hundred questions teresting stories to tell. Many are about God, Christ, man, ,sin, salvation, folk tales revealing native beliefs and miracles, inspiration, the Church, and moral ideas. Some are translations of well nigh everything else that people native material and give an insight are asking today. Each question is into African customs and culture- fairly stated, and then answered especially of the Bura people. The briefly, clearly, and in fine spirit. fifty-five stories are of very unequal Doubters are not scolded, but tactfully merit but they reveal the character of persuaded. Dr. Snowden holds firmly the people, their virtues and their to the evangelical position and makes vices, without moralizing by the mis- the Christian faith and life clear with sionary. a sweet reasonableness. Pastors and Among other subjects the tales give African traditions as to the origin of death, the beginning of trouble, the future life, the use of charms, spirits and friendship. They help us to understand the African and his background.

Forty Years on the Labrador-The Life Story of Sir Wilfred Grenfell. Ernest H. Hayes. 128 pp. Revell. New York. $1.25.

One who notes the wide publicity that is given to the work of Dr. Grenfell may well wish that like general recognition might be given to dozens of other missionaries in Asia and Africa whose devotion and achievements

Christian worker should read it and famous ruins, Edom its geography pass it on to troubled friend. and geology and the people who built A.J. B. up the old civilization. The author traces the romance .of the discovery Orpheus, Myths of the World. By Padraic of this vast city, lost for a thousand Colum. 327 pp. $5. Macmillan. New York. years, and when suddenly almost by This sumptuous volume is a treas- chance found again, its glory was inury of the ancient stories that once expressed the religious ideas of count- delibly carved in its rock-cut ruins. less millions of human beings and, while now relegated to the realm of Beautiful illustrations portray the mythology, have a deep human significance for those who read them to- architecture of temples, monuments day. The editor has ranged over a wide field, giving us the sacred myths and ancient altars. The land of Edom of many peoples-Egyptian, Babylonian, Persian, Jewish, Greek, Roman, occupies a large place in Old Testa- Celtic, Finnish, Icelandic, Indian, Chinese, Japanese, Polynesian, Peru- ment geography, and Dr. Robinson ilvian, Zuni, Mexican, and Central American. These legends come down luminates the text by constant referfrom a far-off time and give the reader a vivid conception of the ences to Old Testament history. Four doubts and fears, the loves and hates and longings of men who, centuries chapters are special contributions by ago, groped in the twilight of history and amid the mists of superstition. missionaries, two by the late Dr. Some of them lend deeper meaning to St. Paul's reference on Mars Hill to George E. Post on Petra and the "an altar with this inscription, 'To an Unknown God' whom ye worship in Botany of Edom, one by Professor Stewart Crawford on the Arab shrine at Mount Hor, and another by Pro- fessor Alfred E. Day on the Geology of Edom. Missionary readers, how- ever, will turn first to the interesting st'Ories and descriptions of the ancient religions and present-day Islam which are woven into the volume. The chap- ter on the alleged tomb of Aaron, which is a famous shrine for Mos- lems, is of special interest. The Gos- pel messenger has not yet come t'O the present Edomites. S. M. Z.

ignorance." An introductory chapter helpfully discusses the significance of The New Sanhedrin or The Revision of the Trial of Jesus. David L. Cooper, mythology, and twenty full-page en- Author and Publisher, Los Angeles, 80 pages. 50 cents. gravings by Boris Astzybasheff, ~n­ Solomon Shwayder, a Jewish lawyer rich this interesting and suggestIve of Denver, and a group of hi.s friends volume. A. J. B.

The Sarcophagus of an Ancient Civiliza- met in March, 1929, to organize a tion. By George L. Robinson. Illus- movement which is like to have his- trated. 495 pp. $7.50. Macmillan. toric significance. The proposal is to New York. "issue a Call from Jerusalem to all Israel throughout the nations of the Whether a Christian scholar writes world, for the lIS,sembly of a Great on mathematics or archreology, he be- Sanhedrin at the Holy City of Jerntrays the presence of the Master. salem, to review the jurisdiction, judg- ments and decrees of the Sanhedrin This sumptuous volume deals pri- acting at Jerusalem during the power marily with an ancient civilization and domination of Rome, and espeand the extraordinary story of its dis- cially to consider and review the life covery and significance is vividly por- and trial of Jesus of Nazareth."

trayed. Dr. Robinson spent thirty In this booklet the author publishes years in the making of this book and paid five long visits to Edom. ~he book is divided into three parts WhICh deal respectively with Petra and its the official documents which have been

issued in connection with this move- that Paul's way was prepared not alone ment, together with three studies of by the Roman and the Greek but also a prophetic character which bear upon by the Jewish propagandist. His story it, and an exposition of the steps al- of this proselytism makes very inter- ready taken or to be taken before esting reading both for the student the final decision will be rendered. of Paul's writings and for him who Because of its possible influence upon would copy his methods. J. C.

Jewish and Christian interpretations Through the Lands of Nyanza. By Wm. J. W. Roome, F.R.G.S. 208 pp. 5s. of the person of Jesus, there is much Marshall, Morgan & Scott. London.

interest in this movement. This little book gives the fact·s as far as they Those who have read the author's former volumes, especially, "Through are now known outside the organiza- Central A f ric a," and "Tramping Through Africa," will gladly welcome tion committee. J. S. C. this further volume, which is a com- panion to the former. It is character- James Hannington. By J. Johnson Leak. ized by the same first-hand observa- 12mo. 64 pp. Is. Pickering & Inglis. tion, thorough knowledge, vivid de- London. 1930. scriptions and sympathetic account of missionary work. He has roamed This mischievous, lovable lad was across the Dark Continent a dozen started on a business career at fifteen. times, studying the native tribes, their He had many opportunities for travel languages, manners and customs, their and was fond of hunting. When he superstitions, and the work of the was converted he entered Oxford to missionaries who are devoting their study for the ministry and proved to lives to African evangelization. The be brilliant as a student and clever as book recounts enough adventures to an artist. After eight years in the satisfy anyone who wants thrills. It ministry at home he went to Africa, is a capital missionary book, and it where later he suffered martydom at thirty-eight. His life is full of in- evokes stronger faith in the power of spirathm but while this story is simply told it is too much of a summary to the Gospel of Christ to transform hugreatly interest the children for whom it is written. Bishop Hannington's man lives. The illustrations are parpen drawings are fascinating.

ticularly good. A. J. B.

Preparing the Way for Paul. By F. W. A Jewish Calendar for 1931 has Derwachter, Ph.D. 165 pp. $1.75. been issued by Rev. S. B. Rohold and Macmillan. New York. Dr. W. M. Christie of the Mount Carmel Bible School at Haifa, Pales- It is not generally recognized that tine. This mission is conducted under shortly before the Christian era Juda- the auspices of the British Jews Soism had become a great missionary ciety and is doing a notable work. The religion. How its monotheism and "calendar" not only contains the dates high ethics had appealed to the Gentile of the Jewish year, compared with the world. How its insistance upon its Christian year, but a list of all the nationalism emphasized by its reaction Jewish feasts and fasts, Biblical and against Christianity cut the roots of traditional, with brief explanations. this appeal. How the history of this The introduction describes the origin movement reveals a hackground of ex- and growth ofthe Jewish Calendar and perience built upon so successfully by its changes. The feasts and fasts and Paul. How its rise and decline fur- anniversaries are accompanied by nish significant lessons for the pres- .scriptural references. There are inent-day missionary. All this is treated teresting notes on the Talmud, a Jist in a scholarly and very readable way of false Jewish Messiahs from 114 to in this book. Dr. Derwachter, a one- 1930 A. D., and explanatory notes on time missionary himself and now a college professor of Greek, maintains

various festivals and anniversaries. India's Religion of Grace and Christianity The editors call attention to the fact Compared and Contrasted. Rudolph that no Jewish Messiah ever appeared, Otto. 143 pp. $2. Macmillan. New claiming to be the fulfilment of Old York. Testament prophecy, until after the advent of Je·sus, the Christ. Junior Stewards of the Bible. Helen Kins- bury Wallace. 75c. Revell. New York.

BRIEF MENTION Japan Mission Year Book-1930. Edited by Paul S. Mayer. 375 pp. 2.50 yen. Pioneerig for J eBUS. The story of Kyo Bun Kwan. Tokyo. Henrietta Hall Shuck. By Thomas S. Dunaway, D.D. 157 pp. Sunday Sch(101 The Land of Behest. C. E. Padwick. 145 Board of the Southern Baptist Con- pp. Is. 6d. Church Missionary Sovention, Nashville, Tenn. The author ciety. London. has enriched the literature of missionary biography by this account of a The Mirror of the Months. Sheila Kayeconsecrated missionary wife who, al- Smith. 68 pp. $1.25. Harper. New though dying at the early age of 27, York. will live in the history of missions as the first American woman to be ap- Morals of Tomorrow. Ralph W. Sockman. pointed for missionary service in 331 pp. $2.50. Harper. New York. China and the founder of the first Christian school for Chinese children. Dr. Main of Hangchow. Kingston de- Gruche. 242 pp. 68. Marshall, Mor- gan & Scott. London.

The Pastor and Religious Education. Harry C. Munro. 227 pp. $2. Abing- don Press. New York.

Sketches from Missionary Life in The Pacific Islands—A Missionary Sur- vey. J. W. Burton. 120 pp. 38.6d. Spain. by Ernest H. Trenchard. 120 pp. World Dominion Press. London. Marshall, Morgan and Scott, London. 28. 6d. A short but interesting ac- Rainbow MissionarY Stories. Stella M. count of incidents, persons and cus- Rudy. $1.50. Revell. New York. tom from the personal observation and experience of a Protestant mis- The Reform Movement in Judaism. Rabbi sionary in Spain. David Philipson. 504 pp. $4.50. Mac- millan. New York. NEW BOOKS The Story of the Near East Relief. James Adventures in Philosophy and Religion. L. Barton. 479 pp. $2.50. Macmillan. James Bissett Pratt. 263 pp. $2. Mac- New York. millan. New York. Tailum Jan. A. T. Houghton. 114 pp. Amazon and the Andes. Kenneth G. 28.6d. Marshall, Morgan & Scott. Lon- Grubb. 296 pp. $5. Dial Press. New don. York. ''We Wrestle."-Report of the C. I. M.- Christian World Facts, No. 13. 44 pp. 1930. 42 pp. London. 15c 10 or more 10c. Foreign Missions Conference. New York. Annual Report Board of Foreign Missions, lteformed Church in America. 128 pp. Christians in China :Before the Year 1550. New York. A. C. Moule. 203 pp. 15s. S. P. C. K., London, or Macmillan. New York. Confucianism: Ethics, Philosophy, Re· ligion. Frederick Starr. 250 pp. $3. The Challenge of Russia. Sherwood Eddy. Covici-Friede. New York. 278 pp. $2.50. Farrar and Rinehart. New York. European Imperialism in Africa. H. L. Hoskins. 118 pp. $1. Holt. New York. Concise and Critical Comments on the :Bible. Robert Young. 800 pp. 68. Pick- Six Great Missionaries of the Sixteenth ering & Inglis. London. and Seventeenth Centuries. David Jenks. 252 pp. 78. 6d. Mowbray. Evangelical Christianity in the Philippine London. Islands. Camilo Osias and Avelina Lorenzana. 240 pp. U. B. Publishing Korea of the Japanese. H. B. Drake. House. Dayton. lIlus. 226 pp. 12s. 6d. Lane. Lon- don. Joan's Randfull. Amy LeFeuvre. 312 pp. 28 6d. Pickering & Inglis. London. The Jew and His Neighbor: A Study of the Causes of Anti-Semitism. James Parkes. 202 pp. 58. Student Chris· tian Movement. London.

The Missionary Review of the World — December 1927

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DEPT. No. 20 ………. NEW YORK The BibUca. Seminary in New York DR. WILBERT W. WHITE, President The Department 01 Missions For the preparation and training of missionary candidates and for special requirements of missionaries on furlough.

Regular course has two years of required work in the Bible. Also required courses in History and Methods of Missions, Ethnic Religions, Phil- osophy of the Christian Religion, Phonetics, Home Nursing, and Fundamentals in Medil'ine and Hygiene.

Dr. Thomas E. Cummings offers courses in Phonetics, Urdu, and Language Metlwd.< Missionaries on furlough can be aided in mastering those things which have puzzled them in their vernaculars. An opportunity is offered for drill in the difficult sounds of all Asiatic and African tongues.

Send for Catalogue describing fully this Department and Department of Theology, Department of Postgraduate Study, Department of Religious Education, Depart- ment of Social Service.

The BIblical Seminary in New York U~ East 49th Street New York, N. Y., U. S. A.

Publishers of The Biblical Review Please mention Tma MISBIONABY ltmVIBW or THE· WOBIJ) in 'Writing to advertiserS.: THE MISSIONARY FOR 50 YEARS! REVIEW OF THE WORLD DBLAVAN L. PIERSON. Editor Jubilee Number-December 1927 H A Missionary toMissionaries"

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THE PROGRESS 01' WOMEN IN MIS- SIONS .. MRS.. HENRY W. PEABODY 906 A MISSIONARY HISTORY TEST …… . Churches may select gifts and · .••••••..•.•.•.. BELLE M. BRAIN 911 donations of supplies or equip- ment from our catalog for us to FIFTY YEi.RS OF PROTESTANT MIS- send to Missionaries everywhere. SIONS IN CH[NA …… . • .••••••••••• ' .ARTHUR H. SMITH 912 Our Whole.ale Department Gives: THEl MISSIONARY APPEAL FIFTY Special Discountsonpurchases YEARS AGO …. STEPHEN J. COREY 921 A HALF CENTURY OF PROGRESS IN HOMEIMISSIONS . JOHN A. MARQUIS 927 BEST METHODS FOR THE NEW YE,AR for Missionary Institutions, • •••••••••• ESTELLA S. AITcmsoN 935 Schools and Hospitals.

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Please mention TaB MISSIONABY REVIBW 4»' TEm WORLD In writing to advertlsera. James Livingstone Stewart's New Book Author of "THE LAUGHING BUDDHA," etc.

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Address Date…………………………………….."……..Sent by……. Please mention THt M1SSIONARY Rtvn:w OF THF; WORLD in writing to advertisers. Buy IncoDle! PERSONALS When one makes an "investment", what is DR. GOOB.GE S. McCuNE formerly of ?yeng. he actually doing? Just buying i'lcome- Yong, Korea, recently President of Huron that's all. The average "investor" buys only College, South Dakota, has resigned that temporary income. The investor in position to become President of the Union Christian College of Korea. He is now M. B. I. Life Annuities spending a few months at hinceton, N. J., preparing a book for publication and co· is buying operating with the New York Board of Trustees of the college. A Liberal Income for Life COMMANDER RwH.ARD E. BYRD carried with on his investment. The older you are. the him in his flight on the America a copy of more liberal the income. And you have no the Bible which weighed one ounce. On trouble in collecting it. Of course, you have his return the American Bible Society preprime securtiy; twenty years-and through sented to him and his crew a handsomelythe War-without a loss. "M. B. I. Life bound copy of the Bible, in honor of their Annuities" represent the higher thrift. having been "the fust to carry the Bible to Europe by air." This is worth considering. Write to * THE MOODY BIBLE INSTITUTE OF CHICAGO REV. F. W. BOREHAM. minister of a Bap- The Moody 1I1bIe Institute. tist Church in Melbourne, Australia, and Bureau of Annuities Y121 author of many books, is planning for a 163 Institute PIa…. world tour early in 1928. in the course of Chicago. Illinois. which he plans to spend more than three months in the United States and Canada. Without obligation to me, please send full information 'Concerning HM. B. I. Life Annuities," and * quote rate on one life at age indicated. REV. ROBERT E. CHANDLER, recently ap- Name~._ ••••••…••. ~ ••••••••..••..••••.•••.••.. _ pointed a secretary in the foreign depart· ment of the American Board, is described as Street or R. F. D…..•..••….•…•…..•..••••. "the product of 117 years of continuous mis- sionary sevrice, ' , his grandfather having City •…•…•.••••••••••••• , ••• State ••.•••••••••• been the first to go out.

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Contracts may be issued to cover more than one life. REV. JAMES W. HAWKES. of Hamadan, Persia. who has been for forty-seven years Protect Yourself a Presbyterian missionary. is spending this Help Others year in Beirut. Syria, putting his translation of the Bible Dictionary through the Ameri- By securing Annuity Agreements from Methodist Mission Boards can Mission Press.

YOU are protected by a guar- * anteed income which will not DR. MARrON TALBOT, former Dean of Women at the University of Chicago, will serve as acting President of the Constan· tinop}e Woman's College during the absence of its President, Kathryn N. Adams, who will spend the coming year in the United States.

** REV. WILLIAM MCCANCE, formerly of Satara. India, has been appointed by the American Board candidate secretary for men. to succeed Rev. J. Kingsley Birge, who has returned to Turkey.

depreciate. Investigation of the MISS GLADYS WOOD is the new field secre· security is invited. tary for young women's work for the J«l. OTHERS wiD hear the Chri!tian formed Church in America, succeeding Miss me!Sllge because of your generosity. . Evelyn Zwemer, who has resigned.

For F urtber information write: DR. ALBERT SCHWEITZER, for thirteen years medical missionary of the Paris Evan· Morris W. Ebnes, Treasurer. Boud of Forei~n gelical Missionary Society in French Equa. Missions of the Methodist Episcopal Church. 150 torial Africa, and author of "On the Edge Fifth Avenue. New York, N. Y., or of the Primeval Forest," has returned to France on furlough.

W. J. Elliott, T …..urer. Board of Home Missions ** aud Church Extension 01 the Methodist Episcopal REV. LEONARD DANIELS. of Wilcannia, Church, 1701 Arch Street, Philaddpbia. Pa. N. S. W. has the first airplane constructed for missionary purposes. with which to visit his parish which is as large as England, Please rnllntloll 'fm: MISSION"IY REVl1'W 0.- ~H" Wom:'1> III wrltln~ to .dv"l'llsen. From a.n old OOpy of The Presbyterian HDme MiBtHonary.

WELCOMING THE IMMIGRANTS IN AMERICA FIFTY YEARS AGO

Ml~'SIONARY

EVIEW'

VOL. JUBILEE NUMBER-DECEMBER, 1927 NUMBER L TWELVE AFTER FIFTY YEARS G REAT changes have taken place in the world in the past half- century. Many notable leaders have come and gone; influen- tial movements have been inaugurated; governments have arisen and fallen; there have been tragedies and triumphs.

With this issue the REVIEW completes fifty years of life as an independent and progressive missionary periodical. In these years many other magazines have come and gone but, while the REVIEW has passed through many changes in outward appearance, it continues to serve the cause of Christ by disseminating missionary information, stimulating interest and upholding spiritual ideals and methods in Christian service. The main purpose and the standards have been maintained.

In this and in subsequent numbers, a series of articles will rehearse the great events and signs of progress in the world of missions during the past fifty years. The survey is one of exceptional interest. It would be more so if we could see the half-century from God's viewpoint to discover what has been truly worth while' and is abiding.

Other notable jubilee anniversaries are coincident with that of the REVIEW. Approximately fifty years mark the life of the Livingstonia Mission on Lake Nyasa, founded by Robert Laws of the Free Church of Scotland. It was fifty years ago (in 1878) that Alexander -;fackay arrived in Uganda. It was fifty years ago that the American Presbyterian Board of Home Missions established work in what was looked upon as the ice box of Alaska. In the same year (1877) the women of the Presbyterian Church in America organized for Home Mission work on a national basis. The American Baptist women united for Home Mission work in the same year. In 1877 the Student Christian Movement was inaugurated in the colleges of America after a letter had been sent out by the Student Association of Prince- 887

ton calling for a conference in connection with the international convention of the Y. M. C. A. at Louisville, Kentucky.

The year 1877 was marked in China by the Shanghai Interdenominational Missionary Conference and the year 1878 in England by the International Protestant Foreign Missionary Conference in Mildmay Park, London. These events of historic significance will be referred to more fully later.

In our January issue-also a special Jubilee number-we plan to show the world situation in 1877 as it stands in contrast with conditions in various lands in 1927. The missionary progress in the past fifty years will be shown by comparing the number of missionaries, the stations, the converts from non-christian religions and the pupils lmder Christian instructions in non-christian lands, then and now. In those days there were reported at the London conference only sixteen Protestant Foreign Mission Boards in America, twenty-one in Great Britain and seventeen on the European Continent. Today there are 153 such societies in America, (not counting auxiliaries, educational boards and cooperating missionary agencies). British societies today number eighty and there are ninety-six Protestant missionary agencies on the Continent. There are also numerous missionary societies in Africa, Asia, Australasia and Latin America, where Protestant churches were weak or did not exist fifty years ago.

Home missionary work in America has increased and has changed even more radically than foreign missions. Frontiers have been pushed westward and northward and new problems have been presented by the influx of Orientals, Mexi(lfLns and other foreign elements. Former Home Mission churches have become towers of strength, while parishes in the eastern states, that were formerly Christian centers, have themselves become subjects for missionaryeffort.

The world and the Church have been moving generally forward, but at times they have gone backward. The reports and contrasts presented in our special articles are illuminating.

THE WORLD'S RELIGIOUS PROGRESS OUR cover plate this month represents the comparative number of the adherents of the principal religions of the world nine- teen centuries after the coming of Christ and His commission to His disciples to evangelize the world. The chart is drawn in correct proportions.

It will be a surprise to many that professed Christians in the world out-number the adherents of any other religion-Hindu, Buddhist or Moslem. All classes-Roman, Eastern sects and Protestant-number about 640 million, an increase of 60% in the past fifty years. Protestants are estimated to number 180 million, an increase of 80% in the last half-century. The Roman Catholics are estimated

1927J EDITORIAL COMMENTS

at 300 million (50% increase) and Greek and other Eastern sects 130 million (30% increase).

Of the non-Christian religions the Confucianists and Taoists are most numerous (if the former may be called a religion). They number together only about 300 million-a decrease of 25%. Hindu sects include 240 million-a 20% increase; Moslems number 240 million-a 20% increase (mostly in Africa); Buddhists and Shinto worshippers number about 160 million, an increase of 25%; and animists or spirit worshippers and various atheistic groups number 240 million, an increase of 20%. The strictly pagan or animists have, however, decreased thirty percent in the last fifty years so that the increase has come from the growth of atheism in such lands as Russia or the falling away from faith in other countries. The Jews are difficult to tabulate as they are scattered and many do not avow faith in the religion of their fathers. Those of the Jewish race are estimated at about 15 million-an increase of 15Q1% in fifty years, through their large birth rate.

The total population of the world has increased, in the last half century, from about 1,400 million to over 1,800 million or approximately a thirty percent increase. The Christian converts from other religions have grown from about one million to over four million-or a four hundred percent growth, not including those who have died. The Protestant converts in the mission field were estimated in 1877 to be about 300,000 but today the communicant Protestant church members in those fields number 3,600,OOO–over a thousand percent increase. The total adherents to Christian churches in mission fields are estimated at over eight million.

While these figures are not exact they serve as a basis for comparison and a long look backward is encouraging as an evidence of the activity of the Church of Christ and the work of the Spirit of God in the world. Yet there remains a vast amount undone of which we may well be ashamed. While nominal Christians have increased over 240 million in number, the non-Christians of the world have increased at least 130 million. Clearly the Christian Church cannot yet rest complacently from her labors. The world of men whom Christ came to save has not yet learned to know and follow Him even in name, much less in daily life and service.

OUR MODERN MISSIONARY OBJECTIVE I F OUR present-day missionary motives should be examined to see if they are Christian and adequate, it is equally important to examine our modern missionary objectives. Motives and objectives are vitally related but they are not the same. A desire for business advancement or for novel experiences may send a man to a foreign field to sell merchandise but his objective may be to sell goods so as to increase the company's business or to benefit the peo-

pIe. A ~oldier may be moved to enter military service from love of country, from a spirit of adventure or he may be drafted. His objective may be to win the war so as to gain military honors for himself, to enlarge national territory or to right a wrong. The missionary objective, as well as the motive, will largely determine the type of men and women who volunteer, the methods they adopt and the whole plan of campaign.

The response to a second questionnaire recently sent out to missionary leaders in America reveals as great a difference in missionary objectives as in missionary motives. Fifty years ago the prevailing motives were loyalty to the command of Christ and a desire to save heathen souls from eternal death. The objectives were to evangelize the non-Christian world, to win men from heathen beliefs and practices to Christ and His way of life, and to build up a strong, true Christian Church in non-Christian lands. These objectives naturally determined the methods adopted.

Have these objectives changed? If so, are the new objectives better than the old? In response to the questionnaire to pastors, missionary secretaries, teachers and other Christian workers, the objective that received the most votes was" The training of a native Christian leadership," second came "The promotion of universal brotherhood," and then" Sharing with others our personal knowledge of Christ," and the" Christianization of all aspects of national life." '1'he fewest votes were given to the objectives: extending dellominational beliefs, the evangeli'zation of the world in this generation, the salvation of souls from eternal death through faith in Christ and" the overthrow of false religions which cannot save and which blind men to the truth."

These answers are illuminating if they represent any considerable proportion of missionary workers and church members. Many other objectives were marked as more or less desirable but were not accepted with any unanimity even among these missionary workers. Among these suggested objectives were-character building through the Christian message, deliverance of individuals from the power of sin, building up Christian communities as a leavening force, extending the benefits of Christian civilization, helping other peoples to make their own interpretation of Christ and "fellowship with people of good will who respond to the Christian message."

Evidently there is a lack of any general consensus of opinion and of any clear understanding of the objective that Christ, the divine founder of the missionary enterprise, set for His followers. If a commercial representative is to look to his employers to understand the objective of his mission; if a loyal soldier is to take as his objective the carrying out of the program of his government or his commander-in-chief, must not the true Christian look only to Christ and His Word to discover and understand the objective that shall mark his or her missionary service ~

EDITORIAL COMMENTS

What is the objective set before us by Christ Jesus, our Lord 1 The New Testament clearly states that He came "to call sinners to repentance," to save men from sin, to reveal God the Father, to give the abundant Life. He commissioned His disciples to make Him known so that His objectives would be accomplished. With this in view His disciples are: 1. To lead men to repent of their sins and to carry to all man- kind (while they live on earth) the Gospel of life which Christ came to proclaim and whicp He made effective by His life, death and resur- rection (Matt. 24: 14, Mark 16: 15 and Acts 1: 8, 13: 32).

2. To teach the people of all lands and nations, races and condi- tions to know God as revealed in Christ and to understand and ob- serve the commands of Christ as He taught the ",Vay of Life and service. (Matt. 28: 19,20, Mark 1: 16, Acts 5: 42, Romans 1: 5.) 3. To extend the Kingdom of God-His sovereign rule-through- out the earth by pe"rsuading men to become loyal followers and serv- ants of Jesus Christ and by obedience to the laws of God, as inter- preted by Christ, in personal, social, industrial and civic life. (Luke g: 2, 11, 60, Acts 28: 31.) • 4. To teach and train the followers of Christ-to" feed the sheep and tend the lambs" of His fold-so as to build up a strong, intelli- gent Church, with a fulness of life so that young and old, by precept and example will be true, strong disciples and effective, loving min- isters to others. (.John 10: 10; 20: 21; 21: 15-17.) What other objectives characterized the ministry of Peter and the apostles on the day "of Pentecost and subsequently in Jerusalem and .Judea? What objective sent Philip to Samaria and to the Ethiopean on the way to Gaza ~ Were not these objectives before the apostle Paul in all his labors in Asia Minor and Macedonia, in Greece and at Rome ~ Examine carefully the objectives toward which other successful missionaries have m~ved forward in all ages under the guidance and power of the Holy Spirit (Acts 1: 8). The blessing of God was on the labors of Raymund Lull, William Carey, Robert Morrison, Titus Coan, Henry Martyn, Bishop Valpy French, Robert Laws, Guido F. Verbeck, Adoniram Judson, John E. Clough, John G. Paton, Marcus Whitman, Sheldon Jackson and unnumbered others in home and foreign lands. Were not these their objectives in interpreting the message and program of Jesus Christ1 Has high secular educa- tion, or the increase of creature comforts, or the cultivation of na- tionalism, or even the effort to promote human brotherliness, proved as effective as the objective of leading men to know, love, trust and obev God as He is revealed in His Son, Jesus Christ ~ Such an objectiv~ is not selfish and does not appeal to selfishness. It deals with the individual first in order that he may be enabled to live a Christ-like life and may be more ready and better able to serve his fellow-men.

The missionary who truly takes Christ to the non-Christian may also take his books and his school, his surgical instruments and medicines, his gymnasium and his shop, his industrial betterment and his peace program, but he will not depend on these. They are important byproducts, not the main objective. "These signs shall follow them that believe."

With the missionary motive pure and the missionary objective clear, methods may change, but all factors will work together to save men by bringing them, individually and collectively, into harmony with God in the Way revealed and made possible by .Jesus Ohrist.

UNION AND DISUNION IN OHINA W HILE Ohina is being torn into fragments by domestic politi- cal str~fe, a dis~at~h reports that a conference of lea.d~rs in the Chmese ChrIstian Church has annoUliced the abolItIOn of denominationalism and the formation of a United Church of Christ in China.' There has been a movement in this direction for some years and the new organization does not reveal any radical or widespread change in the' situation. The conference in Shanghai, referred to in the dispatch, was made up of ninety-four delegates representing sixteen denominations-chiefly Presbyterian, Reformed and Congregational. The merger does not yet include Methodists, Baptists and others but involves over 1,000 churches in sixteen provinces, representing about one third of the Chinese Protestants who total over 400,000 communicant church members.

There has been formed a General Assembly for all Ohina, uniting the Congregational and Presbyterian Unions of Canton, South Fukien, Manch1,lria and churches of these denominations in other parts of the country. The first Ohinese Moderator of the new United Church is Rev. Cheng Ching-yi, a well known Christian leader. The organization carries a step further the movement for a united Christian Church for which missionaries and Chinese Christians have been working. Only a few strong denominationalists among the missionaries have desired to perpetuate 'Western ecclesiastical divisions and few Ohinese have been able to grasp the reasons for Christian sectarianism. With the withdrawal of many foreign missionaries it is natural that the Chinese should take matters more into their own hands. Let Western Ohristians pray that they may be guided and blessed in this undertaking to unite all true followers of Jesus Christ. If the Church of Christ in China is dominated by the Spirit of Christ and is true to His life, work and teachings as recorded in the New Testament, the Church will grow in strength and will be a blessing to China. The present turmoil and the withdrawal of missionaries may yet result in increasing the strength and purity of the Chinese Church, if the people realize that Christianity is not a for-

1927J EDITORIAL COMMENTS

eign institution and if they will accept responsibility for its support and promotion, and look to God rather than to man for guidance and power.

In the midst of the present disturbed condition, when over onethird of the foreign missionaries have been obliged to leave their stations, the Ohinese Ohristians have been faithfully carrying on the church work. One mission alone (the Ohina Inland Mission) reports 904 baptisms in the first five months of the year. A cablegram from Shanghai also reports that the "British Oonsul has given consent for the return of men to their stations at their own risk when permission is granted by local officials." Already some missionaries have left Shanghai for Hankow and other points in the interior. Encouragement is also gathered from the fact that the British have withdrawn over two thirds of their military forces from Ohina-a sign that much of the danger to foreigners seems to have passed. The outlook for peace between contending forces is, however, as remote as ever. The war lords cannot or will not come to an agreement. In the meantime the people sufter. They discount Nationalist promises since they find that the promises of the communistic army are not fulfilled. There is no hope for peace and prosperity in Ohina until selfishness is rooted out of national life and the laws of God, as interpreted by Jesus Ohrist, are recognized and obeyed.

THE NEW UPRISING IN MEXICO T HE present revolt against the Oalles Government and the exe- cutions of rebel leaders in Mexico have grown out of a bitter presidential campaign. 'fhe administration candidate was Obregon, and since he would continue the reform policies of Oalles, with probably a little more tendency to compromise with foreign and ecclesiastical opponents, many were ready to accept his imposition in order to continue order and progress. Others believed that they must "fight for their principles" and so the revolt was launched. Such armed protests always come in Mexico before the elections.

"General Oalles is facing a difficult situation. He had to choose between two courses. The one was to gain the friendship of the lower classes by carrying out a program of reform, distributing land to the peons, organizing large numbers of new schools, developing irrigation projects to help the farmers, and cutting down the national budget with the elimination of a large number of government and army officials. In this way payment of interest on the national debt and the salaries of public officials may be met continuously. His other course might have been to leave the army alone, to permit the budget to continue unbalanced, to court the favor of large foreign investors, promoting good business and forgetting the promotion of public education, land distribution, laws limiting foreigners, the development of public health and other social reforms that tend to stir

the opposition of certain vested interests. The President has chosen the first course.

"Undoubtedly many officials in the National army and the Ro- man Catholic Church, along with many foreigners and Mexicans in- terested in large property holdings, as well as a considerable number of Mexican liberals who resent the seeming approval of Obregon's candidacy by the present government, make President Calles' posi- tion a difficult one."

Dr. S. Guy Inman, who recently returned from Mexico,says: "Calles is a strong executive. He is putti~g himself enthusiastically into the educational and land reforms and has given a great deal of attention recently to balancing the nation's budget, to reducing the excessive number of employees both in the army and the civil departments of the government. No doubt he has used' strongarm' methods. Many believe that Mexico is not yet prepared for a democracy and the maintenance of peace is necessary while the educational processes are speeded up as rapidly as possible." The church question in Mexico remains about the same as since the beginning of the policy of the Roman Catholics to refuse to allow priests to serve in the churches if they must register with the Government. The Evangelical leaders, foreign and national, continue to obey the laws of the State in religious questions in spite of the difficult situations in which they are often placed.

FREDERICK L. COLVER-AT HOME O N ARMISTICE DAY, November 11th, Frederick L. Colver, who has been for nearly seven years a beloved and honored member of our Board of Directors, died at his home in Tenafly, New Jersey in the sixty-fifth year of his age. Like David, he "served his generation by the will of God."

Mr. Colver was a native of Milwaukee and moved to Brooklyn, New York, as a boy. In 1884 he and Edward W. Bok organized the New York Syndicate Bureau, chiefly to publish in newspapers articles by Henry Ward Beecher. From 1889 to 1906 he was successively advertising manager of the Frank Leslie magazines, then Treasurer and business manager, and finally President. In 1902, he established the first Periodical Publishers Association, composed of publishers of most of the larger magazines and weekly publications of national circulation. He was its Secretary for five years and succeeded Cyrus H. K. Curtis as President. In 1907-8 he was Secretary, advertising director and part owner of the Success Magazine and in 1913 he went to Philadelphia as advertising and business manager of Lippincott's Magazine, but returned to New York in 1914 to become business director of the National Boy Scouts of America. Mr. Colver is survived by his wife and son. He was, for some years, the efficient superintendent of the Sunday School of the Presbyterian Church of Tenafly, in which he was also an elder.

Early Days of the" Review"

Bemin,iscences of the Founde1', Royal G. Wilder BY HIS SON, REV. ROBERT P. WIT,DER, D.D., CAIRO, EGYPT l"l.A FTER thirty years of missionary service in Iudia, the Rev. Royal Gould Wilder r etired and went to live in Princeton, N. J., in order to make a home for hil'; two I';ons while they aUellded college.

For several years he had been colleeting material for a hook which he expected to write after his retirement from active service, and planned to publish under some such title as: "Kolhapur-the Kingdom and the Mission." The material for this book, as well as most of his library and other pos- sessions, were shipped in a ship sailing around the Cape of Good Hope to America.

'1'he s ail i n g vessel was wrecked off the African coast and everything on board was lost.

This was a great loss to the aged missionary, especially the precious material for the book-much of which had been secured from Brit- ish and Indian government offi- cials and could not be replaced.

In this book, he had planned to present not only the work of the mission which he had founded, but also to give some of his mature ROYAL GOUl,D WILDER convictions concerning the best way of carrying on the missionary enterprise, and the principles underlying effective service.

The publication of the book was necessarily abandoned, but after much prayer Mr. Wilder decided to start an interdenominational missionary magazine in which could be presented the work of missions in all lands as carried on by all branches of the Evangelical Church at home and abroad. N,! such periodical was then in existence. 'l'his magazine would give him a better opportunity than the book could have furnished to state the basic principles of missionary service and to voice his deepest convictions as to the policy which missionary societies should adopt.

One day in 1877 he surprised his wife by showing her the proof for the cover of a new magazine called THE MISSIONARY REVIEW on 895

which were the words Nil Desperand1tm Christo sub Dnce ("Nothing to be despaired of under Christ as Leader.") This motto represented the spirit in which the REVIEW was started and carried on for ten years until my father's death. It was no easy undertaking for a mission- ary, who had labored 30 years in a foreign land where his work was in a foreign language, to establish in America an English periodical without any editorial assistance. All the work of culling material from a hundred exchanges, all the editorials and proof reading were done by him. He even wrapped the REVIEWS and carried them to the post office. In those years I never knew him to take a holiday.

His table talk at home during . THE meals was most inspiring. At luncheon he might speak about the MIS SION ARY REV lEW. latest news from Central Africa.

At supper recent facts from China Nil DespmJ.ntlum, Ohnet. sub Duao. would be given. At breakfast In- dia's problems would be discussed.

No wonder that two of his children PUBLISHED AT PRINCETON, N. J. purposed to become missionaries as soon as their education could b I t d f th f t h f TERJiS…..$I.,so aJI"!"i11l1fitJtJnu, in U. S. and CanadtJ/ ~ s1UlI/ngr In e comp e e , o r e ac s e ur- E…'?_ro'lIi'li.8'…. s"'l"'.''',INlI•• Cl!,.•• Ajri"••NI nished thrilled, deepened loyalty SooJAA"'!ri'" Uocha'K,j"lmag'.

to Christ and fired enthusiasm for NEW Yoa", F. A. D. RANDOLPH & Co, evangelizing the world. His per- CHICAGO, ILL., sonal appeals to Princeton stu- W. G. Houllrs. dents and his editorials in the MIS- BOSTON, MASS., NoYES, SNOW & Co. SIONARY REVIEW were important T1Lthnmt & Co., Ludgate Hill. LoNOOJf: '.

factors in the f.ormation and VOLUME I. growth of the first group of Stu- dent Volunteers which was formed ijtUfUAkY, 18]8, to DECEMBER, 1878, INCLUSIVE.) in Princeton in the autumn of 1883.

TRE:NTON. N.l.: In the first number of the MIs- SIONARY REVIEW the editor pub- THE FIRST ISSUE OF THE REVlEW lished an article entitled" To Our Readers. " In this are given his reasons for starting the REVIEW. The following brief extracts from this article will be of interest: "First of all we ai~ to help develop an interest in foreign missions which shall speedily double the present amount of giving, praying, going and work- ing in this cause.". . . . . "We would supplant'no existing missionary periodical. Every society and board conducting foreign missions has its own organ, or keeps its patrons posted in church papers. There will be the same reason for these organs notwithstanding this Review." . . . . "We do not believe the church can hasten the millenium by abrogation of all de- nomi,national distinctions, and enforcing a rigid uniformity in the non- essentials of faith and practice. . . . Let every regiment fight its own battles, ready to help its neighbor as emergencies shall rise. Let each division

IP27] THE EARLiY DAYS OF THE "REVIEW"

move forward its own lines, in advance of all others, if possible, all provoking each other to love and good works, vieing with each other in self-sacrifice and love for souls, and in supreme love and loyalty to Christ, the great Captain of our salvation." "Very few of the most devout Christians of the church do at all grasp the magnitude of this work, and the immense resources in men and money which must be poured out at the feet of Jesus in obeying his divine command, 'Go ye into all the world and preach the Gospel to every creature.' And yet this command is binding. It has never been abrogated. Its obligation is imperative. It rests upon every redeemed soul with a solemn weight of responsibility which can be exceeded, if at all, only by the exceeding preciousness of the privilege of obeying it."

"Should we continue to climb till we reach a mountain' top high enough to command the vision of a world evangelized, we shall see the Presbyterian Church of America sending to this work not less than $25,000,000 every year, for a generation, and keeping in it not less than six thousand ordained mis- sionaries, and all other denominations enlarging their effort!) in like measure.

And to this we must come ere Christ shall see of the travail of His soul and be satisfied. And then this, we fear, is not placing this work before the mind in its full magnitude." . . . .

"But how are Christians to be brought to understand and feel their. obligation and privilege in this matter ~ " .

"Let pastors look well to the spiritual life of their flocks, feeding them with the true bread and water of life, till devotion to Christ in their hearts be- comes a reality, love for souls a ruling passion, and this spiritual life flows out in currents full and strong enough ARTHUR TAPPAN PIERSON to embrace the world.. Where this true life exists, all that is needed to give its currents proper direction is infor- mation-facts as to the state of the heathen without the Gospel and facts as to the new life imparted to them by the Gospel, when it becomes the power of God to their salvation." . ' ,We shall aim, by diligent reading, research, and correspondence, to gather these facts from every heathen nation and tribe, and from every mission field on the globe, presenting them in suc- cessive numbers, and occasionally so generalizing facts and results, as to enable busy pastors and intelligent laymen most readily to grasp and understand them, and receive from them the convictions and inspirations inseparable from such knowledge. Of the value of discriminating notices of missionary bi- ographies, and of the many books latterly issuing on Oriental races and religions, heathen philosophy and mythology, and the various treatises bearing more or less directly on the work of missions, we need make here only the briefest mention."

Another reason for starting the REVIEW is given by him in these words: "To review the principles, measures, agencies and administrations of the different missionary boards and societies." Of this he wrote: "Some may fear lest criticism of the measures of good men may weaken confidence in them and do harm. Does not such a fear itself argue a lack of confidence in said men or measures? If they are perfect, the most searching scrutiny and criticism can but reveal and confirm their perfection, and secure to them more 2

absolute confidence. If they are imperfect, kindly criticisms and suggestions will improve them and make them worthy of more confidence then they now enjoy. " . . "There has been a strange omission, for the most part, of all public discussion of the ways and means employed for evangelizing the world. When have our religious papers and periodicals engaged in any search- ing investigation of the details of management by the different foreign boards 1 Or in a faithful 'comparison of the views and experiences' and results of our different American foreign boards, in comparison with those of the great foreign missionary societies of Great Britain and Europe?"

For ten years the MISSIONARY REVIEW was carried on in this spirit, during the last two years in spite of much suffering, since the editor was afflicted with a fatal and most painful illness.

It was on a Saturdav in late October, 1887, that the last number of Volume X was completed- all but a single page. That very day editorship of the MISSIONARY RE- VIEW had been made over to Rev.

Arthur '['. Pierson, D.D., and Dr.

James M. Sherwood. The old mis- sionary's quill was laid aside un- til Monday morning when he ex- pected to prepare the last page for the printer. On the following day, Sunday, he asked my sister and me to sing two of his favorite hymns: "I'm the child of a King" and "We've sighted the Golden Gateo "

JAMES M. SHERWOOD On Monday morning he entered the Golden Gate to see the King in His beauty and the Land of great distances. The unfinished page of Volume X of the REVIEW was used for a short obituary notice.

The aged editor passed away two days before the date originally set by him for his return to India where he hoped to spend his last days. 'When my brother said to him "You cannot live long enough to reach India," he replied, "Then they can bury me at sea-the waters of the ocean wash the shores of every land." His love and prayers went out to all lands and the REVIEW was founded and carried on to hasten the evangelization of all lands. He believed strongly in the watchword of the Student Volunteer Movement-" The Evan- gelization of the 'World in This Generation "-which he convlllcingly advocated in the pages of the REVIEW.

OF THE AMERICAN BOARD, BOSTON, IN l877

Mission Boards Fifty Years Ago A Half Century of Changes in M'ission~ry Adm,inistration and Or- ganizalionin the Home Boards BY ALLEN R. BARTHOLOMEW, PHILADELPHIA Secretary of the Board of Foreign Missions of the Reformed Church in the U. s.

rt was a rare display of wisdom on the part of the Editor of the REVIEW tOo ask a man, j:'.mall of stat ure. to prepare an article in brief form on this very comp-Iex topi C. Without real1zing the task involved, 1 promised to prepare it. Lacking the necessary material, kind associates of other Boards came to Illy help, and to them the readers owe much of this information. A questionnaire was scnt to twelve secretaries , typical of all th e Boar ds of Foreign Missions tn the UnJted State'S. and their replies would fill a l2'ood!-sized volumc. How to perform thc feat of con.denf'.ation, into the given space, was the problem.-A. R. B.

F IFTY years ago practically every Mission Board had very inadequate secretarial staff and meagre office equipment. ·With the exception of the Moravians, all the denominatiOlls have ehanged the location of their headquarters. Some relocated in the same city, and a number report removals to other cities, all due, doubtless,. to the expanding work. Most of the larger Boards now have their headquarters in New York, but the old American Board still clings to Boston. The South and Middle ;West also claim a goodly share of administrative headquarters.

So far as one can gather the greatest changes are manifest along 899

material lines. Commodious buildings now shelter the larger Boards.

This indicates the permanency of the work, .and the liberal invest- ment of millions of dollars. A few of these buildings are revenue- producing. Fifty years ago most of the Boards occupied a single room with a desk and a few chairs; now many Boards occupy entire floors in large buildings.

Very meagre were the office outfits in 1877. No office had a typewriter, dictaphone, telephone or addressograph in those days.

The letter-press took the place of the carbon paper and the gelatine- pad was used in place of the mim- eograph. Perhaps quills and lead pencils were also used instead of the fountain-pen and eversharp pencil. In some offices, no doubt, sand instead of the blotting-paper was used to dry the ink. 'rhose were days of small things. Fortu- nately the men then did not feel the need of the many modern de- vices, so indispensable now, in the conduct of their work. It was not the age of mechanics. There were no taxi-cabs, no subways, no elec- tric cars and no sixty-mile-an-hour trains ! But the work at that time was in charge of men who were as capable, conscientious and cou- rageous as the men and women now. I add, "women now," for there were very few, if any ad- PRESENT HEADQUARTERS OF THE ministrative women secretaries in AMERICAN BOARD 1877. Strange to say, fifty years ago women were" the silent part- ners" in most of the church work. Experience has since taught the Boards that it was not good for man to be alone in the administrative work of Foreign Missions. The women today form a very vital factor in the conduct of the world-wide missionary enterprise, and we may well sing, "Blest be the tie that binds."

SECRETARIAL STAFF AND INCOMES The administrative staff then was small. One B oard that had only one secretary then has the same number now, but with" ten times as much work." Another secretary was also a pastor and editor. "In 1877," writes the secretary of one large Board, "the little work

1927J MISSIuN BOARDS FIFTY YEARS AGO

FRANCIS b'lELD ELLINWOOD ELDER RUDOLPH F , KELKER Secretary of the Presbyterian Board ()! Treasurer of Board of· Foreign Missions Foreign Missions, 1871 to 1908 ot the Reformed Church in U. S. 1877 that was required for the conduct of Foreign Missions was done by the officers of the committee elected by the general body." Lest the present Boards might be accused of a surplus of office force, a sage secretary says, "Considering the growth of the Board there is little difference in the staff now from what it was fifty years ago." To give a bird's-eye view of the progress made during the past fifty years, without partiality, the writer chose the Boards of the following churches to present a comparative statement as to secre- tarial staff (including women) and income: Secretarial Staff Income Denomination 1877 1.927 1877 1.927 Baptist (Northern) ………… Congregational .. "………… 2 9 $225,733 $1,436,124 Methodist Episcopal (North) …. Methodist Episcopal (South) ." 4 18 433,9179 2,137,371 Moravian ………………… Presbyterian Church (North) … 2 14 560,055 3,766,538 Presbyterian Church (South) ' " 2 11 114,000 2,500 Protestant Episcopal , … ,…… 1 1 13,054 68,017 Reformed Church in America. . . . Reformed Church in the U. S.. ,. 3 30 511,180 4,6'09,712 United Brethren …•… . …. . .. United Lutheran …..•……… 2 5 ' 59,947 1,220,635 United Presbyte:rian …….. . . , 6 11 114,976 1,292,553 1 3 58,152 510,977 1 5 200 463,355 2 7 9,027 212,889 3 25,000 985,000 1 3 77,028 1,062,199 Some of the secretaries and treasurers received no salary in 1877; a few received $2,500 and upwards; the salaries in 1927 range from $3,000 to',$8,OOO. "

REPRESENTATIVE LEADERS It would greatly enrich the missionary lore of the churches in America if the story were written of the lives and labors of all the leaders in Foreign Missions fifty years ago. Here is a rich mine of very choice material, and it is of too much value to the cause of Ch rist to let it remain hidden in the archives of the Boards. We can mention here only a few of the noble men to whom we owe so much for the deep and broad foundations laid i'ly them and upon which we have been building all these years. These saints will live on in the currents of the history of missions.

HEADQUARTERS OF .THE PRESBYTERIAl'< BOARD OF FOREIGN MlSSIONS IN 1877, 23 CENTER ST., NEW YORK Dr. John M. Ferris (Reformed Church in America) was a man of noble ability and peculiar effec- tiveness in bringing about the opening of Japan to Christian influence, particularly in promot- ing the coming to America of pronllsmg Japanese young men and their education at Rutgers College.

Dr. John B. Dales (United Presbyterian Church) gave the work of Foreign Missions a large place in the heart of the Church by his own vital interest in the cause and by his intelligent and interest- ing method of presenting the sub- ject through the pages of the Chr'istian Instructor and to church courts and congregations. FIRST BUILDING OF THE REFORMED Dr. J. Leighton Wilson (Pres- CHURCH IN THE UNITED STATES, ARCH ST.. PHILADELPHIA byterian Church in the U. S.) greatly benefited the cause of Foreign Missions through his writings, having translated a number of the Gospels into African dialects, being editor of The Home and Foreign Record and The Missionary,

1927J MISSION BOARDS FIFTY YEARS AGO

and preparing many articles for the theological and literary reviews.

Dr. D. K. Flickinger (United Brethren Ohurch) was a keen and constant missionary promoter. He gave many years of faithful and efficient service to the cause of missions.

Rev. A. T. Twing (Protestant E pis cop a I Ohurch) was at first a traveling missionary agent, but from the very begin- ning he became a living and organizing power. His commanding presence was a fit expansion of his large heart and generous sym- pathies. He took special interest in the children, or- ganized the work among women, interested the sym- pathy of individual laymen in particular fields, and bound all the Ohurch to its missionary work by the strong and quiet influence of his catholic spirit and warm heart.

Dr. Robert L. Dashiell (Methodist E pis co p a I Ohurch) was one of the most eloquent advocates of missions. He traveled ex- tensively and labored ar- duously for the work. Dr.

John L. Reid of the same church was a very able ad- ministrator and 'left deep impressions on the mission- PRESENT HEADQUARTERS OF 'l'RE PRESBYTERIAN ary work of the denomina- HOME AND FOREIGN MISS'lON BOARDS.

•• . 156 FIFTH AVE.• NEW YORK h~ Drs. J. B. McFerrin and D. O. Kelly (Methodist Episcopal Church, South) were for many'years brilliant, unique, and very able leaders in the work of the denomination. There is nothing especially characteristic about their methods of work except the brilliancy and forcefulness of their addresses before the Oonferences and congre- gations.

CHURCH MISSION HOUSE, PROTESTANT PRESENT HEADQUARTERS OF THE RE- EPISCOPAL CHURCH, FOURTH AVE." FORMED CHURCH IN 'rHE UNITED . AND 22ND ST., NEW YORK S'fA'fES, AT PHILADELPHIA Few secretaries have been of greater constructive help than Dr. N. G. Clark of the American Board and Dr. Mark Hopkins, President, who is too well known among all classes of the present time to require any comment.

It was a great blessing to the cause of Foreign Missions that for so many years i t had identified with it men like the Hon. Walter . Lowrie, Dr. John C. Lowrie, Dr. Frank Ellinwood and Mr. William Rankin of the Presbyterian Church in the U. S. A. Of Dr. Lowrie, it is' said that he wrote letters to the missions with his own hand, scorning the modern innovation of the typewriter. He was a man Of great frugality, deeply consecrated to the missionary cause, and with absolute loyalty to Hie New Testament ideals. Dr. Ellinwood was a man of rare intellectual power-a true scholar in theology, philosophy and comparative religions, a courageous and honest administrator. Mr. RankIn, Treasurer, was a most picturesque and intelligent personality. He lived to be 103 years of age. When he was over 90 he used to slip away from his home in the suburbs and: come into New :york alone to visit the headquarters of the Board.

Elder Rudolph F. Kelker (Reformed Church in the U. S.) was treasurer of the Board for many years.. He did more than any other man to keep alive the missionary spirit in our church, and bring us into contact with, the representatives of other Boards. He was a gentleman of the old school in faith and morals and left a deep im- pression on many hearts. '

MISSION BOARDS FIFTY YEARS AGO

PROMOTIONAL WORK In 1877 the literature of missions was scant. Very few magazines were published, and but few books, pamphlets, leaflets and tracts. The stereopticon was as great a novelty then as is the airplane now. Imagine the surprise of an audience of fifty years ago to see the face of a dignified secretary thrown upon the screen by a motion picture projector, which in our day causes no comment.

'There were no interdenominational missionary agencies then, such as the Student Volunteer Movement, the Laymen's Missionary Movement, and the Missionary Education Movement. The Annual Foreign Missions Conference, the Ecumenical Missionary Confer- BISHOP BENJAMIN BOSWORTH DR. N. G. CLARK, Protestant Episcopal Church. 1877 Secretary of the Am erican Board of Commis- sioners for Foreign Missions in 1877 ence of 1900, the WorId Missionary Conference of 1910 and the Foreign Missions Convention of 1925, the summer missionary conferences, missionary institutes, and schools of missions, all of these are products of later years.

The promotional work as now carried on through the educational and field departments was on a much less extensive scale. One secretary writes, "There was in those days less machinery and more direct contacts." Most Boards lay special emphasis on. the need of keeping constantly before the membership the scope and service of Christian missions.

A great deal might be said in commendation of the Boardmem bers and the Board officers Who are devoting their best thoughts and energies to the greatest of all' causes in (jurday~l:)1;J;twhyspeak about the living when their works do praise them 7 and Now LUCY W. PEABODY, BEVERLY, MASS.

SIXTY Years ago there was very little suggestion of any modifi- cation of the principle "woman's place is in the home." Her contribution to missionary work at that time was necessarily through the General Boards or the interdenominational organization known as the Woman's Union Missionary Society.

Fifty years ago woman's place and contribution were fairly well determined since most of the larger denominations had followed the example of this woman's union of '61 led by Mrs. Doremus. The Con- ~regational women were first to organize and were followed by those of the Methodist Episcopal, Baptist, Presbyterian and other churches. Women were learning that woman's place is also in the missionary society. With one exception, the Woman's Foreign Missionary Society of the Methodist Episcopal Church, the ladies' societies were becomingly auxiliary to their General Boards, with varying degrees uf independence of action. Neither men nor women considered it quite safe for women to assume the entire responsibility of organization though the men were very willing that they should do the work of their societies. Some of the brethren felt that they would fail in the administration of funds and so kept a careful check on finances. The place of woman in missionary organizations -ras closely and safely allied to her place in the Church, which still continues to be her place. This morning's paper (August 16, 1927), referring to the Conference on Church Unity in Lausanne brings this question of woman's status vividly before us as a present-day question. Four of the seven women appointed to represent the churches of the world, with 400 men delegates, raise the inquiry as to why, with women in the majority as members and supporters of the churches, only a negligible number should serve as delegates and none be permitted to speak. At a great world council an English bishop stated as the ground for their position that there were no women among the apostles and none at the Last Supper. Yet our Lord was cradled in a woman's arms and women were, we recall, at the Cross, and "very early while it was yet dark" at the tomb. It was to Mary that the Risen Lord revealed Himself. So women were not left out of the divine plan and they have generally been found faithful in the dar;kest hours.

It has not troubled women very much that they are not officially recognized. It was not for that reason that they organized as women, but because there was special work for women and children which 906 men could not and did not do, which appealed to women and to many thinking men as important and indeed necessary. So they began 60 years ago and in ten years had made a good start in building organizations, publishing literature, collecting large sums in small gifts, and learning to "speak in meeting" which was, if not out of order in general assemblies, not possible for lack of time. They were usually allowed to meet at the noon hour alone while the brethren were finiHhing luncheon which was an important woman's contribution.

The early '70s, now derided as the sentimental decade by certain modern writers, seem to those of us who were close to that period new days of practical idealism for women. They stood then in relation to a devastating war where we stand today. Their reaction was spiritual, international, progressive and took concrete and practical form. They cleared away the ruins which war always leaves, healed the enmities and built new world foundations, and they builded well.

The Women's Mission Boards began in the early '90's to seek association with each other through an annual and later a triennial conference which grew in 1911, after the Jubilee, into a Federation of Women's Foreign Mission Boards. On the material side they have saved, earned and invested in 50 to 60 years approximately one hundred and fifty million dollars in the work in foreign fields. This has been accomplished with very small cost for home expenses since women were free to give voluntary service when few men were able so to give their time. Boards, like the Women's Foreign Missionary Society of the Methodist Episcopal Church, with a present yearly income of two and one-half millions with an income of like amount for home missions, are the highest examples of efficient and economical business management. They could do this because they were free for the first time to work out their own ideas. Men had always had freedom to work out theirs and they chose to have their own organizations composed of men and managed by men for good and natural reasons. If women were to develop initiative and responsibility and train executives they could do it only in their own societies for women. They were needed also to select and send women teachers, doctors and evangelists to the Orient and South America. The great value of their organization at home was that it led to a remarkable education in prayer and in the study of fields with their various needs and types of work. This education began in the Cradle Roll and led up, with good grading, through Mission Bands and Junior Societies, Young Women's Societies and older groups.

Twenty-seven years ago the Women's Boards grew into a higher united plan of study through the group organized in 1900 at the Ecumenical Foreign Missions Conference. In these years they have published nearly 4,000,000 study books prepared by the best authors. Twenty-five years ago they inaugurated the Summer School of Mis- .sions at Northfield, Mass., which has been the model for some thirty

others throughout the country. The Federations of Women's For- eign and Home Mission Boards have general oversight of these schools, though each works under its own committee. During the year many institutes and study conferences are held, generally inter- denominational. Leaders are trained not only for teaching the text books, but missionary methods, and through the now popular Forum, allied questions of international relations and law observance have generally found their place in these conferences. Bible study classes for girls in camps and for women leaders, with opportunity to visit the literature exchanges, make the Summer Schools of great value to all Boards.

Seventeen year8 ago, in 1910 coincident with the jubilee of the first foreign missionary society for women, the Central Committee on the United Study of Foreign Missions published a book entitled, "Western Women in Eastern Lands." The author, Helen Barrett Montgomery, gave here a remarkable picture of the work of women in foreign missions. Nearly 150,000 of these stUdy books were issued and studied by groups of women of all denominations. The book seemed to have come by a special act of Providence since it was written before anyone had realized its historical significance. It was the book of the Jubilee campaign and many eloquent addresses at national meetings and in the local "Jubilettes" which followed, were based on the material found in this volume.

On the foreign field growing demands of women, liberated from zenana and the limitations of illiteracy and the need for trained teach- ers and nurses, have made necessary a higher grade of work. Seven Union Colleges in Japan, China, and India entered into a successful united campaign for funds which resulted in the purchase of land and buildings which are the loving gift of American women to the women of the Orient, a proof of international friendship. In addition to the seven which shared in the three million dollar fund is the Shanghai Medical College of A grade which is going steadily on with its work in spite of war. There are other beginnings of colleges and a long list of normal schools, high schools, Bible training, kindergarten, and industrial classes and best of all the social settlement which is the fine flower of every mission station demonstrating year after year the Christian home. This training abroad is reflected here at home in guilds and leagues and other national organizations of girls who learn their first lessons of international goodwill through their study and work for their missionary society.

Just at present we are witnessing a transition. Several of the women's societies have been merged with the General Boards and most of the others have been affected by the trend toward such mergers and the pooling of missionary interests in the denomina- -tions. It is not possible.at present to determine just what-the effect -will be. – The experiment-i'S too new. The women –who -have g.one

WOMAN'S PLACE IN MISSIONS FIFTY YEARS AGO AND NOW l09

into the General Boards are women who received their training in the woman's missionary organizations and are their highest product. It remains to be seen whether the united' boards will train women who will measure up to these who have developed through responsibility and the power to initiate. It is hardly possible to think of the Y. M. C. A. and the Y. W. C. A., for instance, being able to work as effectively in a joint way as they have worked in their own separate organizations. Weare not sure that the men, if they really gave women equal power as well as place, would not lose in their efficiency. On the whole women work rather better with women. While they can hold their own fairly well with individual man on most questions, collective man on a Board. is another and a modern problem, and the training of women has not yet fitted them to meet on an equality even if men were ready for full equal status.

We of the '70's were brought up on J. G. Holland's "Mistress of the Manse" and Tennyson's "Princess" which helped to form our feminine complex, inferior or superior as we choose to consider it.

Our place and contribution seem to be at this moment in question. Indeed the whole missionary situation is changing. It is difficult for instance to say what will happen in China. Many Chinese women, educated in our mission schools, are loyal and outspoken in their Christian devotion. They have caught the heroic spirit of their teachers and are realrzing, in this day of trial, all that their Faith means and must mean. Christianity is revolutionary in the highest sense and is the only hope for the women of any land. But revolution without the motive and the method of Christ is dangerous. The women of America have worked wisely under divine leadership for the women of the East. Out of their colleges and training schools are coming the leaders of the new world for men and women. What women have done seems to be fully justified. Already, with these strong groups of Christian leaders, we feel a fellowship with no hint of patronage. We are workers together with God.

The World Day of Prayer has become an i:qstitution and we pray with greater power here because we feel the presence of the Christian women of Asia and Africa with us. Our prayers are the same, our needs the same. And now we unite for the first time in our Study Around the World. Our study book for 1927-28 in Japanese, Ohinese, Urdu and Tamil, Spanish and Burmese, will gather groups of Christian women into one great world study class and we Itll thrill to the thought that after fifty years we Christian women of the wor.Id have achieved our real unity. In Mrs. Platt's book, "A Straight Way Toward Tomorrow," we shall study Child Welfare, The Christian Home, Religious Education, Christian Literature, World Peace and Social Service, great problems for all Christian women.

It is interesting to see that leaders in internationalism now turn to the women of the missionary societies for expert aid. The Vice-president of the League of Women Voters stated in a recent article that women are prepared for citi'zenship and political organization by their work in their women's missionary societies in the country churches where they learned to work together for a cause. Directly and indirectly women's missionary societies have made a great contribution to the world and have strengthened the Church by this contribution. If we separate from the Church the distinctive work of women in the missionary societies the Church wiH feel a great loss. The work of the women is less than sixty years old. There is still much to be done and in these days of consolidation and merger, it is well to remember that we need also to emphasize special· ization. No great plan of men which weakens or lessens this work of women or removes from them responsibility and initiative really marks a gain. To a certain extent some of the mergers have done their best to perpetuate the work of women and may prove to be a g-reat forward movement. On the other hand the Church must not forget that the very success of the organization of women's societies has led to many other organizations of women who offer to church women fields for womanly service which may appeal to them and lessen their service in the Church. Unless the Church has large tasks to assign to its women with the same freedom and representation given men they would better leave the women to their own methods, which are not exactly like those of men. This is especially true of the missionary task. It is a beautiful divine plan of selection that puts women in charge of children and builds up a sisterhood with other women. Some of us who have lived in this work for fifty years are especially thankful for that privilege and are hoping that all the best may go on. The glory of the work catches the imagination of the girl of today as it did that of the girl of fifty years ago. Bobbed hair and short skirts are externals. The girls of the world need the girls of America and the girlhood of our churches needs this appeal for world fellowship and comradeship and sharing of God's best gifts.

It does not matter so much about the older women who love the work enough to do it under almost any form of organization. Their place and contribution are less important than that of our new generation who must assume some share in the world task if it is to be completed and if they are to be complete as Christians. Will they measure up to the standards of fifty years ago? As we left the summer school at Northfield, last month, with the song of 600 camp girls ringing in our hearts, "Follow. follow the Gleam," we felt that we could "Trust all nor be afraid."

WOMAN'S PLACE IN MISSIONS FIFTY yEARS AGO AND NOW

Missionary History Test for December PREPARED BY BELLE M. BRAIN, SCHENECTADY, NEW YORK WHAT IS YOUR SCORE?

T HE following twenty questions may be used to test your knowledge of missionary history during the past fifty years. Grade yourself and your friends by the percentage of correct replies. Twenty cor- rect answers. score 100 per cent, ten correct answers fifty per cent, and RO on. The answers will be found on page 944, but do not consult '(hem until you have graded yourself on your answers. You will be interested to discover vour score.

1. Who'won great favor for missions in China by curing Lady Li, wife of the great viceroy, Li Hung Chang?

2. Whom did Henry M. Stanley pronounce" the greatest missionary since Livingstone"?

3. Who made the first tour of colleges in the United States and Canada in behalf of foreign missions in October, 1886?

4. Who introduced Siberian reindeer into Alaska ~ 5. Who was founder of the China Inland Mission and director of it for forty years?

6. What great mission was founded in Africa as a memorial to David Livingstone?

7. What agent of the American Bible Society gave fifty years to evangelistic work in Latin America, and was twice imprisoned?

8. What great mission was begun in Africa in the same year as THE MIS~.roNARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD was founded '!

9. What mission is farthest north of any in the Western Hem- isphere?

10. What young Moslem convert of Syria died in Arabia under suspicious circumstances that pointed to poisoning, after a brief period of successful work for Christ under Messrs. Cantine and Zwemer?

11. What notable Christian Indian woman founded the Sharada Sadan and Mukti, refuges for Indian widow~?

12. What English woman missionary made a heroic journey into Tibet and came within three days of Lhasa before she was turned back?

]3. Who were the founders of a Protestant mission to the people of Paris which now operates in many parts of France?

14. Who was George Grenfell and what was the name of his mis- sionary boat?

15. Who is Wilfred T. Grenfell and what is the name of his hos- pital ship1 16. Who founded, at Canton, the first asylum for the insane in all China?

17. What South Seas missionary earned more than $25,000 for mis- sions by writing the thrilling story of his life?

18. What native Japanese was educated by a Christian business man of Boston and became a college president?

19. What famous English world traveler became a convert to mis- sions and a large giver to the work as a result of what she saw mis- sionaries doing in non-Christian lands Y • 20. What event occurred in Korea soon after the arrival of Dr.

Horace N. Allen, the first missionary, that gave Christianity its first foothold in that long-closed land?

A MISSIONARY MAP OF CHINA MAD& FIFTY YEARS AGO-FORTY STATIONS

Fifty Years of Protestant Missions In China* A Bird's-Eye View BY REV. ARTHUR H. SMITH, D.D.

T HE seventh decade of the last century was a very unquiet segment of a very unquiet century. The war between France and Germany had set all Europe in commotion, with far-reaching world effects. The five years of civil war in the United States had recently come to an end. There had been discovered great undeveloped capacities for Christian work, more especially among women. In many of the leading American missionary societies, women's boards had been organized., Important changes had recently taken place in China, notably the suppression of the great Tai-ping rebellion, which lasted for fifteen years, devastating four- • In a sketch like this it is essential to take note of a long series of events covering practically the wbole perioo under review which constantly hampered and often stopped missionary work. Lack Of space forbids explanatory comment but a mere mention will convey to the, instructed reader something of the significance of th ese fncldents.- .d.. H. s. 912

<'I1<' TY YEARS OF PROTESTANT MISSIONS IN CHINA

• RAILWAYS IN CHINA IN OPERATION • UNDER CONSTRUCTION • CONTRACTED FOR MIS SIO N ARY MA P OF CHI N A TODAY teen out of the eighteen provinces, incidentally destroying some of the finest cities in China and p erhaps twenty million lives.

In 1860 there were perhaps an hundred missionaries pent up in Shanghai awaiting permission to open mission work elsewhere. Some went up the great Yang-tze valley to Hankow, other s to the northern ports of Chefoo, Tientsin, (and Peking), as well as to Newchuang in Manchuria. One of the earliest anti-Christian outbreaks was the Tientsin massacre (June, 1870), when ten Roman Catholic sisters of mercy, two priests, the French consul,three other Frenchinen and three Russians were killed. This was due to malicious and libelous reports of the murder of infants.in an orphan asylum. The French consul unwisely refused to aHow an J

official Chinese inspection. The outcome was the wrecking by a mob not only of the Roman Catholic cathedral, but of eight Protestant chapels. For more than a year foreigners were not allowed to enter the city of Tientsin. This occurrence and other smaller ones of a like kind in other provinces, kept the Chinese mind in a condition of perpetual ferment. The audience question, involving the nature of the ceremonies by which the young emperor received the foreign ministers, was regarded by the Chinese as a matter of :first impor- tance, and until this was settled (June 1873) and for some time after, the air was thick with rumors of impending disaster. A visit to Peking by American scientists to observe the transit of Venus ended , in their precipitate retreat to avoid an "incident."

A CHINESE CITY IN 1877- CANTON In the summer of 1874 the whole empire was excited by the prospect of a war with Japan in consequence of the massacre of :fifty sailors in the Liuchiu (Riukiu) Islands, but this was adjusted by the good officers of the British minister, Sir Thomas Wade. In January, 1875, the death of the enfeebled young emperor from smallpox, and the irregular and arbitrary action of the Empress Dowager T:;ju Rsi placing her little nephew (who was of the wrong generation) upon the throne, caused general popular perturbation. In the same year the premeditated official murder (on the borders of Burma) of a young British consular officer named Margary, again brought Ohina to the verge of war with Great Britain, but the matter was at last settled, after some dramatic episodes, by a heavy indemnity (silver taels 200,000) and the compulsory opening of several new ports,. to the intense dissatisfaction of the Chinese intelligentsia.

In the autumn of 1877 the baleful shadow of famine was thrown

927] FIFTY YEARS OF PROTESTANT MISSIONS IN CHINA

over several of the provinces of Northern China. Many missionaries and some other foreigners threw themselves into the work of giving local relief, but on a scale necessarily limited. The Chinese Government did practically nothing, some officials definitely forbidding foreign intervention, no matter how many died of starvation in consequence! The province of Shansi was the greatest sufferer. Millions of Chinese died of "famine fever" (often a combination of typhoid and typhus) till the population was visibly diminished. The fever was fatal to almost every foreigner who contracted it. Yet this great calamity though deeply disguised was a blessing to A CHINESE CITY TODAY-HANYANG NEAR HANKOW China, proclaiming in portentous tones the absolute necessity of introducing railways, but it was not until twenty years later that the first line was opened.

Floods of the great rivers in China have for ages been a destructive heritage from the past. One of the most calamitous overflows of the Yellow River (popularly known as "China's Sorrow") occurred in 1888, when the turbid torrent broke its banks rushing off to the south, as in ancient times. This event again brought foreign relief to the front on a large scale. The only radical remedy would be in scientific engineering of which China had then no experience and for which it had no resources, and no ambition. (The analogy between the problems of the Yang-tze and the Yellow River and the Mississippi and Missouri is at present very striking.) In the middle "eighties" there was a quarrel between FraI).c,e

and China, accompanied by much slaughter of unresisting Chinese although no war had been declared! This difficult matter was at last mediated (in 1885) by the aid of Sir Robert Hart. In the next decade there was the war with Japan, in which China was decisively beaten at Pingyang (Korea) and lost her navy, paying a heavy indemnity in addition. A little later came the spasm of reform in the young emperor Kuanghsii, his twenty-seven spectacular decrees followed by imprisonment for the rest of his life by his imperious aunt. Then followed in rapid succession the German sei'zure of Chiao chou, the ., Boxer" uprising in retaliation, the fifty-six days of siege of all the legations in Peking, the deliverance (Aug. 14th, 1900) by allied troops, the flight of the Empress Dowager, the slow settlement by A MISSIONARY BOARDING SCHOOL FOR BOYS, SHANGHAI, Il-' 1877 peace commissioners fining China four hundred and fifty million taels ($333,900,000) spread over nine and thirty years, with a view to preventing her fnrther effective antagonism for at least one generation. This was followed by the return of the Empress Dowager with the court, her belated adoption of the very reforms that she had suppressed, a national parliament, provincial councils, and somewhat later the doubtless prearranged death of the emperor, followed at once by the death of the Empress Dowager herself, removing the most prominent figure in contemporary Asiatic history. Then three more years of misrule, the premature and preposterous "Chinese Republic," the disappearance of China's one "Strong Man" Yuan Shih K'ai, the succession of military satraps, followed by the slow evolution under the lead of Sun Yat-sen of the so-called National Party determined to put an end to this ruinous tyranny at whatever cost. This is one of the main issues now turning China

FIF'l'Y YEARS OF PROTESTANT MISSIONS IN CHINA

into an armed camp. The other and not less important one is escape from overt and covert foreign domination.

In a mere charcoal sketch of missions in China, only the most general outlines are admissible. Numerical summaries are particu· larly irrelevant and misleading, for in the crisis through which China is passing it is impossible to forecast the conditions of the next five years, or even two years.

F'ifty years ago the interdenominational and intemational China Inland Mission had but recently entered on its unique enterprise. At the close of the half century its workers, together with those of various affiliated missions, numbered more than a thousand, widely A .!ISSIONARY BOARDING SCHOOL FOR GIRLS IN 1927 spread over China. Almost every society of importance has ex· panded its work and increased its agents.

In 1876 there were in China twenty-nine missionary societies with four hundred and seventy-three workers. In the latest Christian Year Book (1926) there were 8,158 workers, who are connected with more than two hundred organizations of the most varied types. Some of the small societies are sponsored by single individuals, others by solitary churches. In such cases the death of a patron, a change of pastorates, 0" anyone of many other causes might easily result in the suspension of the work, or its submergence in some more stable body. In the Christian Year Book, it is shown tha t since 1918 eleven units have disappeared (seven having united wit.h others) but on the other hand twenty-one new ones have been listed!

The development of a new national consciousness in China has extended to the Christian Church, which is now effectively taking into

its own hands its complete administration. There are many indications that this means radical readjustments in Christian missions in that land. In The Chinese Recorder for May-June, 1927, there was published a Preliminary Statement of the Committee of the Hangchow Christian Union, composed of members of five different churches, that of the Church Missionary Society (low church Anglican), the China Inland Mission, the American Presbyterian North & South, and the American Baptist, North. (At the Edinburgh Confer- Gnce of 1910 one of the most outstanding Christians in China, Dr. Ch'eng Chingyi, gave as one of the "seven points" of his brief address: "Denominational distinctions do not interest us Chinese"). In view of their future importance it is necessary to quote these findings of this pioneer committee.

1. SEPARATE FROM THE WESTERN CHURCH. (Basis of freedom and independ- ence.) . 1. A Church with sovereign rights. ?. Independence in government. 3. Iniiependence in finances.

II. ELIMINATE DENOMINATIONS. (Discontinue those religious practices and customs that have been brought from the West which becloud the Christ that we know.) 1. Follow Christ. 2. Unify the creeds. 3. Unify forms and ceremonies.

III. ESTABLISH THE CHINESE CHRISTIAN CHURCH. (Take over church author- ity.) 1. The Chinese Christian Church should have a unified system of organ· ization. 2. It should meet the needs of the Chinese people.

IV. THE ATTITUDE TOWARD THE FRIENDLY CHURCHES OF THE WEST. (Ask them to assume the place of a guest.) 1. Foster the original friendship. 2. Do not interfere with their preaching the gospel, but they should not establish churches, give baptism, or compromise our sovereignty. 3. As to the control of schools and hospitals, we will leave those matters to the government to decide. 4. If the Western churches wish to help in the matter of supplying workers and money, the appointment and distribution of the saine must be left to us.

V. THE METHOD OF INAUGURATION. 1. This plan will first be tried in Hangchow. 2. The five churches in Hangchow will each announce their separation from their original relationships. 3. All five churches will unite and organize the Hangchow Christian Church. 4. The matters of creed, ceremonies, and the details of organization must be presented and discussed a month in advance, after which they may be passed by the whole body and put into operation.

It has been said that politically the Chinese have "hurdled a century." In view of plans like this (of which there are several) it

FIF'£Y YEARS OF PROTESTANT MISSIONS IN CHINA

might be added that they are also planning to short-circuit Chinese history. If anything like this program is carried out instead of twohundred different Protestant bodies working in China there may be very few. Those which the Chinese can not or will not assimilate will be obliged to retire.

It is a perfectly rational question. What has the introduction of Christianity done for China '! What has Christianity done for any country~ What did it do for the Armenians, the first people to accept it~ vVhat for Greece, for the Roman Empire, for medieval Europe, for modern Europe7 Inquiries like these can not be answered offhand, nor without prolonged study, and a well balanced judgment.

The benefits of Christianity are not the less real because in every Prom an old copy of The PreSbyterian Foreign Missionary. MISSIONARY TRAVELING IN NORTH CHINA IN 1877 age they are ridiculed, undervalued, denied and despised, as perhaps they will be to the end of time. Christianity produces beautiful lives unmatched by anything found elsewhere. This it has done in China as in other lands, alike in the ancient Greek Catholic, the Roman Catholic, and the Protestant churches. It has taught a reasonable as well as a scriptural idea of God, quite new to China. It has given an explanation of sin of which China's religions took little or no account. It brings the news of Salvation, and of the indwelling and outworking Spirit of God in the soul of man.

Christianity has given a new conception of holy motherhood, of the beauty of childhood, and the worth of the individual as taught by the Master, never hitherto within the scope of Oriental thought. The Christian Church with its firm but gentle authority over the inner as well as the outer lives of men and of women, a weekly day of physical rest, mental recreation, and spiritual uplift, its regular

oral religious instruction for old and for young on life's duties and opportunities, opening to all men the spiritual inheritance of thousands of years of Christian and pre-Christian experience in sermon, story and song-all these are God's best gifts to a wearied and dis couraged age. Christianity has taught mothers how to care for their infants, and parents how to train their children, supplementing and vastly expanding and uplifting China's ancient system of education. It has taught China to care for her sick and disabled by the aid of modern appliances. It has introduced new therapeutic principles and practice on an unexampled scale. It has taught the importance and the necessity of universal education. Chinese educational ideals have always been lofty but limited. '1'here was practically no provision for teaching girls, the coming mothers of scholars and statesmen, although in a few exceptional instances women in China have attained scholarship and influence. The humble day-school for boys and girls, and also the Sunday-school have been the theory and the practice o,f each mission station in China, which has in reality been a dynamo radiating in every direction light, heat and electricity, and doing it all the time. The ,western-educated women in China, who have come in ever-increasing numbers, have been an object lesson, whether as wives, as educators, as physicians, or as trained nurses, wise and winning, strong and sweet, God's best gift to the twentieth century. Chinese girls, at first too shy to leave their humble homes, have now for decades been educated in Christian schools, have gone to foreign lands, and although relatively few in number have exerted immense influence upon their return to China.

The work of any earnest missionary" who seed immortal bears," is never easy. He has this treasure in earthen vessels. It is a truism that his real troubles begin with his first convert. He knows all too well what it is to have coming upon him daily the care of all the churches. He has longed for the time when that burden should be lifted by the evolution of an "indigenous church," now already well on the way to realization, but in widely differing degrees. The many bitter attacks upon the Church in China, and upon Christianity, are not so much due to dissatisfaction with its teachings, although that exists often upon a great scale, as to the behavior of those who have advocated it, but whose actions have not always squared with its precepts. It was once supposed that nations possessing and professing such a lofty moral teaching as Christianity seems to be, must be ideal. That superstition is extinct-extinguished by bitter experience!

The Christian Church in China will endure and come forth from its fiery ordeal purified and strengthened. But it is possible that large successes in Christian work in China will await the time when America, at least, has set her own house in order and has become in a more real sense a Christian nation. and Now BY REV. STEPHEN J. COREY, ST. LOUIS, MISSOURI Vice President of the United Christian Missionary Society I N ADDITION to the spiritual appeal to prayer for the mission- ary enterprise there has always been the two-fold appeal for life to be dedicated to the service and for gifts to support the cause.

vVhat were the fundamental factors on which the appeal for missions was based fifty years ago~ What is the basis of the appeal at the present time~ Some of the elements of the appeal were more clear cut a half century ago, than at present moment when the whol~ enterprise is passing through a period of change and readjustment.

1. PERMANENT ELEMENTS IN THE ApPEAL There are factors in the missionary appeal which are fundamental and unchanging. They lie at the basis of all sending of the Gospel. The emphasis may have shifted, but they endure in the very foundations of Christianity. These are: The compulsion of divine love, the need of all men for God, the inadequacy of the non-Christian religions, the power of Jesus Christ to save, the imperative call of the Great Commission, the inherent missionary principle of Christianity itself and the results of the missionary enterprise in individual redemption, in social uplift, in education and in the overthrow of human injustice. These permanent factors in the missionary challenge form a broad and enduring appeal. They cannot rightly be discarded because of any change which may take place in human conditions. When the Church came to a consciousness of its missionary responsibility, more than a hundred years ago, all of these elements of appeal were expressed except the last. When measurable results began to be recorded, this appeal for human justice and higher education began to emerge. In the new missionary era of the present day, it behooves us to hold fast the unchanging realities of our missionary faith and appeal. Important as are some of the new elements, here are factors which fit into all periods and all conditions. To abandon them would mean a loss of faith and would bring disaster to the cause.

There are, however, changing factors in foreign missions work, brought about by rapidly shifting world conditions, which not only alter the emphasis in the missionary appeal, but may even bring into it different elements.

Fifty years ago the missionary cause knew nothing of the following realities: the awakened self-consciousness and virile nationalism 921 of Oriental races; the world awareness of once isolated peoples; the rising indigenous church in mission areas; the emergence of native leadership to take many responsibilities once carried by the foreign missionary; the discrediting of Western leadership through the example of so-called" Ohristian" nations; the change from expansive to intensive plans on the fields j the active and virulent non-Ohristian movements in the Far East. No church constituency, no foreign board and no missionary, or missionary leader, can afford to ignore the problems and adjustments necessary because of these changes which are certain to influence the missionary appeal. Changing conditions do not alter the unchanging factors in Foreign Missions, but they supplement and expand the appeal, and affect its impact upon both lif.e and financial support.

II. THE ApPEAL OF FIFTY YEARS AGO The missionary challenge of half a century ago was more subjective and simple than the challenge of today. It reflected the theology and outlook of religious thinking and preaching in those days, just as the present challenge is colored by those concepts of today. Someone has wisely said, "Men did not analyze motives and were not as psychological fifty years ago as now." The preaching then laid more emphasis on the life to come, while today the preaching is largely concerned with the life that now is. The missionary appeal then, dwelt largely on the lost condition of non-Ohristian people, while today their present intellectual and social needs are emphasrzed. One of the oldest missionary leaders writes, "So far as J can recall, the prevailing appeal of the missionary meeting and Sunday school fifty years ago was: Far, far away, in heathen darkness dwelling, Millions of souls forever may be lost.

Behind it was the awful significance of the words lost and forever, and all that in the physical sense." He goes on to say that there was also present the higher appeal of our "marching orders." Some no doubt rose into such an intimate fellowship with the eternal Father, who is Love, that they were caught in that great stream of love for a lost world.

Another one of the older men, a retired secretary of one of the oldest Boards who was a missionary fifty years ago, says, "My own impression is that the great change, certainly in our own denomination, is from the emphasis on the future life, to emphasis on life today." He adds, " A secretary of the Board gave an address at one of our annual meetings, in which he pictured the non-Ohristian populations of the world passing in review for days and weeks, and dropping over a precipice into eternal damnation. It was a vivid picture and I imagine it made a strong appeal at that time." A general, interdenominational conference on Foreign Missions, held at Mildmay, London, in October 1878, with delegates from thirtyfive Boards and Societies, gave one whole session to the "Claims of Foreign Missions on the Home Churches."

The appeal as it was presented in that meeting revealed a number of outstanding elements. The most oft-repeated note was the Great Commission of Our Lord and its imperative obligation upon Christian people.

Next in emphasis was the millions of the lost, without hope, hurrying on to judgment, with the compulsion of the fact that out of every three persons in the world two had never seen the Bible or heard of heaven or hell.

Close to the above in emphasis was the assuring success which had already rewarded missionary effort. Then followed the spiritual need of the church at home for the unselfishness and Christ-like spirit which the missionary passion develops. Some other appeals em" phasized were: the duty of taking to others the blessings bestowed upon us;' the social and educational uplift provided by missionary effort; the unifying influence of the missionary task among Protestant Christians; the new means of communication and a more accessible world; our compassion for suffering humanity; our debt to the nations for past neglect. The duty was also emphasized of carrying the Christian elements of our civilization to the uncivilized and unChristian lands.

The literature of forty years ago had a strong element of the crusading spirit in it. 'rhe thought was that Christ's policy for His Church was not one of concentration, but diffusion and that the n regions beyond" should be our cry in a holy and enthusiastic crusade upon the kingdoms of darkness in all the earth. This was followed a little later with the electrifying call of the Student Volunteer Movement, "The Evangelization of the World in this Gener- ation. " III. THE ApPEAL OF TODAY The change of emphasis in the appeal from fifty years ago, as far as theological convictions are concerned, can be accounted for by the different emphasis in modern teaching and preaching, and by the changed views of child psychology. Most religious work today, both at home and abroad, emphasizes the proper training of the child, rather than the snatching of adults from the burning. But other factors in the relation of the missionary cause to a shifting world cannot be so explained.

Fifty years ago, and even in more recent times, the missionary task seemed relatively simple. It had to do with the conversion of, non-Christian people to Jesus Christ and its chief objective was emphasized as the winning of converts and adding them to His Church. 'rypes of missionary work not directly evangelistic, such as healing and education, were considered mainly as keys to unlock the hearts of people for evangelism. Today the work of Foreign Missions is decidedly complex. The closer contact of the East with the West, the presence of many foreign students in America, the nationalistic movements in nearly all mission fields, the handicap to the Christian appeal because of the unChristian political and industrial relation- ships of so-called Western Christian nations with the East, have all added to the problems of the work.

The missionary enterprise cannot longer be looked upon only as a crusade to bring the whole world in line with Christianity as interpreted in the West. It is now recognized as including the task of penetrating the Oriental world with the spirit and teaching of Christ, for both individual and social life. Its base line is the conversion of the individual to Christ, but its imperative circle includes the transformation of the entire area of Oriental thinking and living, through the cleansing power of the Christ life. This is a vastly greater undertaking than missionary work as conceived of by most people a half century ago. It demands a more comprehensive appeal that must challenge a consecration both in life and substance, commensurate with the larger undertaking.

Our Lord said to His disciples, "Pray ye the Lord of the harvest that he thrust forth laborers into his harvest." That call to prayer is as insistent today as in the first century, but we must pray wisely. Until recently most of our praying has been as though the laborers were all to go out from the home base. It is now evident that such is not the case. "While missionaries must still go to foreign lands, th,ey must be fewer and better equipped, and proportionately greater numbers of native leaders must take up the work. Perhaps the greatest challenge to our faith in missionary effort tod!lY, is for a new realization that our support must be invested more largely in the service performed by brothers whom we have not seen. Our giving for the spread of the Gospel must find its objective increasingly in the wise undergirding of native Christian work on the field. The major part of the enterprise can no longer center in the support of the foreign missionary. We should frankly face the issues involved. This is due the work itself, the home constituency, and the young American life which stands ready to go and serve in distant lands.

The major factors affecting the number of new missionaries needed at the present time for service abroad may be catalogued as follows: 1st. While the expense of carrying on missionary work has greatly increased since the "Vorld War, due to changed economic conditions throughout the world, missionary giving has remained very much at a level for the last six years. Missionary budgets have therefore either remained stationary, or have been cut-some of them drastically. As a result fewer new missionaries have been sent out. This decrease has also affected the native work on the fields. This cannot be longer endured if the work is to be preserved. Boards are, therefore, receiving the message from their fields, "Send us no new missionaries, except to fill emergencies, until our budgets can be largely increased for the regular work."

2nd. We formerly thought of missionary expansion hugely in terms of new missionaries, new fields occupied, and new stations opened. Most Boards and missions are now thinking of enlargement in terms of strengthening what has already been established. In other words, for the time being at least, the Foreign Missions program must be intensive instead of expansive. It is quite generally recognized that to put large additional sums of money into an enlarged staff of missionaries just now, would jeopardize instead of help the work.

3d. The prayers of the past are being answered. An indigenous church, self-supporting and self-directing, is arising. It is a slow prOCt~SS and foreign missionaries will be needed for many years, but the change is taking place. It is doubtful whether a largely increased staff of missionaries would help in this readjustment, even though the money was available to send them.

4th. Then we have Ohina and the great crisis in Ohristian missions there. Even at the very best, with missionaries invited back within a comparatively short period, it is evident that Ohina will nepd no increase in the present number of missionaries for years to come.

Thus the appeal for enlargement and more adequate support for Foreign Missions, cannot at present go hand in hand with a call for ~. largely increased missionary staff. This perhaps is the most vital change in the missionary challenge. What ever may be the reason, the call to "evangelize the world in this generation," which was the stirring appeal of thirty years ago, no longer successfully challenges the Ohurch to give, or its young life to go. Any such plan of wholesale evangelization seems now to be both impracticable and superficial. Evangelization does not go by generations even at home and the kingdom builds infinitely more slowly in non-Ohristian lands.

THE OHALLENGE OF THE HOUR What then must be the distinctive challenge of this hour1 From every side comes the answer, "It must be Jesus Ohrist Himself." This' is of course not a new appeal, but a re-emphasis in singleness of devotion and inclusiveness of purpose, of the fundamental call which is at the heart of all appeals. Our line of attack must be shortened and the diffused factors in our appeal must be brought to a focus. While retaining and proclaiming the majority of the elements in the challen,l('e of former years, we must make them all center in Christ. To live His life in America is the one great vindication for carrying His message abroad; to make Him known to those who know Him not is the one challenge and inspiration of the Christian missionary. Handicapped as we are by, the pagan elements in our Western civilization and revealed to the East more surely in our sins than in our grace, what have we to take that will endure the fierce fire of present day refining, other than Jesus Christ, the Son of God and the life of men~ The appeal to young life to go out to this task of revealing Christ must not be to a militant crusade, but to a supreme devotion to the living Christ who is indispensable to the West as well as tothe East. The appeal to the Church at home must be the same-the call to take Jesus Christ, the only adequate answer to fundamental human need and the only dynamic and apologetic for the missionary task.

We must emphasize this appeal. Here is where a crusade is in order. The mechanism of our budget systems is leaving a multitude of the Christian, people of this decade without light. In many churches no worthy appeal for missions is made whatever, and the fact that the Cause has tJeen written into the budget, is taken for proof that the problem of giving for missions is settled. No appeal is effective unless it is presented. Even the command of Ohrist to go into all the world finds its imperative obligation only in knowledge. In many a church a sermon on the Great Oommission and its adaptation to the modern missionary situation, would be a startling novelty. The budget system for missions is not an appeal, but a helpful mechanical device. It makes education even more necessary than before, because the sharp point of specific and definite appeal is largely gone. If the missionary banners ever needed lifting, the present hour demands it. A new crusade is imperatively needed at home to set forth Ohrist as the one Hope of all the world, and the universal penetration of His life and teaching as inherent in Ohristianity, basic in the teaching of the New Testament, and imperative in our Lord's command.

CHRIST CALLS FOR BOYS AND MEN Christ's plea as it was heard by J. M. Coon at St. Petersburg, Fla.

For My world task, greatest of all Men, true men like Paul, are sorely the tasks needed now Of earth, I need great men and gifts In this earth's crucial hour. Awake, to match. o Church and hear! Render unto God the men who are God's Send Me your men, your princely, venturous men; E'en though it mean a taking of the cross. Send men; for they give aU who first give self. I am ready, My great apostle said, 1 must have men-the Lindbergh Going the way of sacrifice and death; type of men; Nor counted he his life a thing tQ Only so can I win this lost world. spare. Now so in need of glorious achieve- ment.

Send men of prayer, obedience and towering faith.

Frr;rn The Presbyterian Home lJ-I1I.ssionarll

HOW MISSIONARIES TRAVELED ACROSS THE WESTERN PRAIR.lES FIFl'Y YEARS AGO Half Century of Progress in Home Missions BY REV.•JOHN A. MARQUIS, D.D., NEW YORK General Secretary of the Board of National Missions of the Presbyterian Church, U. S. A.

I T IS difficult to distinguish between progress in Home Missions and progress in the Church at large. Home Missions is simply the vanguard of the Church. Its business is to introduce the Church and to so establish it that it will become self-functioning and self-sustaining within definite areas. This accomplished, Home Missions within these areas ceases. The height of progress in Home Missions, therefore, is to work itself out of a job, and this it has been been doing in one area after another from the beginning, and especially during the past fifty years. Its mandate is to furnish the privileges of the Christian religion to the religiously underprivileged communities and peoples of the home land. These privileges include t.he whole gamut of the service that the Gospel of Christ is intended to render to mankind, of faith and worship and welfare, and institutions competent to promote them. These are the mission of the Church to the world :-to call men to faith, to maintain worship and to advance the well-being of man in all the relationships of his life. ·When a community, or a people, have been brought to the place where they are able and willing to do these things for themselves, they are 927

no longer religiously underprivilege~ and pass beyond the boundary of Home Mission responsibility.

A study of the efforts of the Church within these fields, that is, in Home Missions, reveals lines of undoubted progress, among which we mention the following: 1. Placing the Chtlrch. During the fifty years just past the American nation has gone through one of the most remarkable developments of. history. Its population has more than doubled, for one thing, and for another, its people have penetrated to every nook and corner of its vast territorial extent. Still more, it has gone through an equally remarkable transition in type, and instead of be- HOW MISSIONAR~ES TRAVE!L ACROSS THE PRAIHIES 1'ODAY ing prevailingly agricultural and rural, as it was fifty years ago, it has become prevailingly industrial and urban. It has been the task of Home Missions to keep up with these developments and changes. New communities were created by the hundred almost over night, some of them of the old type of rural community, and in recent years there have been many of a new type of industrial community, peopled largely by immigrants of a class entirely unknown to America before. It has been the task of Home Missions to furnish these communities with churches and to maintain them until they were able to maintain themselves. In view of the magnitude and difficulty of the task it has been creditably done, not fully by any means, but it has been done as well as could reasonably be expected. Morerthan 90% of the new Protestant churches created to meet the growth and spread of the population during this period were organized})y

1927J HALF CENTURY OF PROGRESS IN HOME MISSIONS

Protestant Home Mission agencies and supported by them until they were able to go alone; not a few of them are now among the strong- est and most influential churches in America.

Unfortunately in many places the matter was overdone. Oom- munities that needed but one church were supplied with severalto the weakening of religion and giving occasion for ridicule by the ungodly. We may as well confess that much of this overchurching was due to sheer denominational rivalry-or if rivalry be an offen- sive term, call it denominational zeal. Each denomination was afraid to be left out. Expansion was a mania. Every little town on the prairie or in the mountains was sure that it was going to be another Ohicago or Denver. The land agents said so, the first settlers believed it, therefore it must be true. Few Home Mission superintendents were willing to take the risk of leaving their denomination out of the first grand rush. So they generally all entered on the ground floor- to discover later that it was a very small floor with slim prospects of its ever becoming roomier.

While- much of this needless multiplication of churches was due to miscalculation of the future, some of it, perhaps a good deal of it fifty years ago, had conscience of a sort behind it. There were then, and there are still, denominational representatives who feel it their religious duty to place a church of their persuasion in any com- munity, no matter how well churched it may be already, where a handful of its adherents call for it. They seem to be possessed of the notion that God is a member of their denomination, and will not enter a community unless it is represented. Happily such leaders are a diminishing element today, and ere long will doubtless dis- appear altogether j so we thank God and take courage. One of the big problems that Home Mission leaders are struggling with today is to rectify these mistakes, and they are doing it. Fifty years ago the statesmanship of a superintendent, and of a denomination, for that matter, was gauged by the number of new churches organized.

Our guess is that it will not be long until the test will be the number of needless churches closed and the amount of energy and money put into them that is transferred to places where there is both need and room.

Despite all this, the Home Mission forces during the past fifty years did a great piece of work in following the American people in their migrations with the Ohurch, including all that the presence of a church in a community means of religious instruction, public worship and evangelistic appeal. What the civilization of the new states in the West owes to this fact is beyond appraisal. It is worth noting also that it is from these states that our American civilization gets its. strongest Christian emphasis; We are thjnkingat this point, to be sure, only of what has been done during the past half century for what we may call people of our American stock, those who speak 4 .

/ the English language and generally cherish Protestant traditions. In the main, Home Missions has cared for them well as they have spread over the continent. When they have trekked to the fastnesses of the Rocky Mountains, or to the gold fields of Alaska, the home mis- sionary has gone with them and done his best to care for their souls.

2. M'inistering to the Diaspora. America has had many such during our fifty-year period, and has them yet, people so scattered on the prairie or the mountains that a church among them is impossible. In many cases they are so far apart that they cannot be said to have a community. Then there are those who live in temporary communities, such as lumber cutters, seasonal workers such as migrant harvesters and toilers in canneries, and the foreign-speaking immigrant, who because of his language disability is more isolated than any of them. Among these throughout the whole of the fifty years the itinerant missionary has been going, establishing Sunday schools, distributing religious literature and visiting them as he could. The achievements of these years could not have been won without the Oircuit Rider. He is still riding in widening circuits, and to remote corners, the mightiest kingdom builder the American Church has yet produced.

3. Collateral Service. From the beginning the Ohurch has carried educational and humanitarian institutions as a necessary part of her program. In the field of American Home Missions the establishment and maintenance of schools, hospitals, dispensaries, houses of neighborly service, etc. is almost wholly a development of the last fifty years. At the beginning of the period they were practically non-existent as Home Mission enterprises. Today they bulk large in all our programs. They are confined to communities and peoples who could by no sort of consideration support such institutions themselves. They are among the American Indians, in Alaska, in the mountains of the South and Southwest, in isolated immigrant communities and particularly among the vast Negro population of the South. They are rendering an immense humanitarian as well as religious ministry to the neglected and underprivileged peoples of the country. The evangelistic programs of the churches in the regions they serve are vastly stronger because of them. Hundreds of workers are employed in this form of Home Missions today, and millions of dollars raised and expended in its support, and practically all of it the contribution of the last fifty years. . Ooincident with this, and largely because of it, has been the emergence of organized Home Mission work on the part of the women of the churches. Perhaps the most outstanding and challenging mark of progress in the period under discussion is the educational and medical work carried on by the women's missionary societies. It has grown and prospered and served under their management in a way that has a right to be called providential.

HALF CENTURY OF PROGRESS IN HOME MISSIONS

From an olel OOIlJl of The Presbyterian Home Mia8kmary. MORMON FAMILY LIFE IN UTAH FIFTY YEARS AGO 4. Specialization. Another product of the fifty years in question is the development of specialized forms of Home Mission service, the discovery, to speak after the manner of scientists, of a new technique for attacking new problems. As already intimated the population of the country during the period has been in a state of flux. The American finds it hard to stay put so far as his place of habitation is concerned. The opening up of the rich agricultural lands of the West caught the imagination of the old type of farmer in New England and the Middle Atlantic States, and he took the advice of Horace Greeley and trekked westward by the thousand. Into his place, if his place was taken at all, there moved, in many localities, a man from Eastern or Southern Europe who knew nothing about, and rarely could be interested in, the church he found there. Along with this came the rise of industrialism. Factories and mining companies took possession of the corn fields and meadows and were manned nearly altogether by foreign labor.

This shift of population and occupation created two problems for the Home Mission forces: One to follow the old American to his Western home, and the other to take care of the new Americans who

swarmed in from Europe to take his place, or to work in the" infant industries." The former could generally be solved by the old methods, but the latter was impervious to them. It was, and is, a bewildering business, and it would be going afield to say as yet that any Home Mission leader clearly sees his way out. But experiments have been made and new met,hods of attack invented which have made some dent on the problem. Such ventures as the specialized rural parish plans and the community center projects in immigrant settlements have shown an encouraging degree of success where they have been seriously tried. At any rate there is now in process of development a technique for getting the old Gospel into these new situations which promises enough success to warrant a more vigorous trial than it has yet received. The Apostle Paul approached people with the Gospel on the basis of their psychological and sociological conditions, and the Mission Boards are simply trying to do the same thing in pursuing the new methods of which they are often suspected and for which severely criticised. Paul preached the same Gospel in Athens he did iIi Jerusalem but with a different approach. Our conviction is very deep that all this development, which is the product of the last few years, means progress for Home Missions and the Ohurch among the most difficult people they have to deal with.

Another progressive step of recent years deserves prominent mention, viz., the vastly more effective organization for Home Missions now obtaining in the cities of the country. In many of the major cities definite and well-manned church-extension movements have been set up which are attempting to deal with their problems in a scientific and thorough-going way. The modern city in America is a heart-breaking affair for Home Missions. It is a new phenomenon in both our church and national life. In most of the larger ones the foreigner and his children constitute from 50% to 80% of the population. They herd together in ghettos and districts which give them a solidarity of resistance exceedingly hard to break or even to crack. But here, again, the church extension agencies have made themselves real boards of strategy and are trying out every- thing they can think of to get the Gospel of Ohrist in all its fullness. before the polyglot minds of these dense populations.

5. Interdenominational Cooperation. This is the most hearten- ing and hopeful sign of progress above the horizon today in Home Missions. It is a conviction that year by year has been ripening into> a policy. Less than two decades ago there were formed the "Home Missions Oouncil II and the" Council of W Ollien for Home Missions, I ~ whose specific purpose it was, and is, to promote cooperation among the agencies at work. Today these councils comprise more than nine . tenths of the Boards and Agencies of Protestantism. They are weH organized and officered and well supported by the agencies which belong to them. Fifty years ago such an arrangement would not have

been possible, had anybody thought of it, which nobody did. In the short period of their existence these Councils have done some notable things. They have brought their constituent Boards, for one thing, to a knowledge and appreciation of what each is doing. If a stranger twenty years ago had read the report of anyone of the Boards to its denomination he would never have suspected that anything was being done by anybody else. Presbyterians, Baptists, Methodists, and so on to the end of the list, each reported their own work without any hint that others were in the vineyard. This is all changed today. The reports without exception, so far as I have been able to examine them, contain sections devoted to cooperative work and agreements, together with statements of the amount of money appropriated to these ends.

To be sure competition has not been remedied, it has not been entirely prevented in new fields, but it has been abated. More than that, a new attitude of mind has been created toward it. Weare ashamed of it today, and when it occurs we hunt round for an excuse or somebody else to blame it on. The Home Mission agency that pushes into a field already occupied by other denominations is on the defensive, which is a new thing under the sun in interdenominational relations.

The movement toward mutual understanding and cooperation has gone much further in the large cities than elsewhere. In many of them there is what amounts to a contract that new enterprises shall be located by mutual consent. Inter-church federations have been formed to foster comity and united effort, and they are becoming increasingly influential and dominant.

A notable instance of effective cooperation is what is now going on in the Republic of Santo Domingo, probably the most neglected spot in the two Americas. About six years ago a proposal was made to go into the Island jointly. It was immediately accepted by five Boards: Two Methodist (men's and women's), two Presbyterian (now one) and the United Brethren. An independent Board, called "The Board of Christian Work in Santo Domingo" was chartered, the members of which are elected by the participating Boards. The participating Boards also furnish the necessary funds, but they do not administer the work; that is done entirely by the new Board. The enterprise is prospering under this arrangement, and no one concerned with it would think of going back to the old denominational way.

As a matter of sober fact denominational over-lapping is disappearing from the field of Home Missions. There is today far more of it among self-supporting churches than among those receiving aid from Home Mission funds. The remedy is public opinion within the churches. Due to the precedents set by the Home Mission forces such public opinion is rising and is already making itself felt.

These are some of the lines of progress that characterize the Home Mission work of the evangelical churches in America during the past half century. Others deserve mention and treatment did space permit; the contribution to evangelism, for example, and to the growth in church membership during the fifty years. While the population of the country has doubled the membership of the evangelical churches has quadrupled. ')'he Home Mission churches have led the procession in this gain, their percentage rate of increase on profession of faith being from two to three times that of the churches at large. Mention should also be made of the development of a body of forceful and well-trained Home Missions local executives, who are more and more being looked to for leadership within their From an vtd OOPJI of The Presbyterian. Home M0£8sWnary. MINNEAPOLIS A HALF-CENTURY AGO areas in all that pertains to the general welfare of the churches, such as evangelism and benevolence.

In a large sense these years in America, like the whole of the nineteenth century, bear a significant resemblance to the first year of our Lord's earthly ministry. They have been a time of preparation, a period granted us by the Captain of our Salvation to gird and equip ourselves for a vaster, nobler service to all mankind in the years to come. The whole history of America thus far means this if it means anything in the providence of God: getting ready for a planet-wide, human-deep campaign of redemption such as has been carried forward by the Christian forces of no other nation before us. Will the next fifty years see this campaign fully launched 1

®. ~hWU""B'UEWST

EFFICIENCY POINTS FOR A NEW YEAR'S WORK The Peace of Goodwill move" than in present-day activities The distinguishing note of Christ- of church missionary organizations.

mas is comprehended in the message "The faithful few"-all honor to that marked the advent of Him who their genus-are fast becoming ex- was born in Bethlehem-" Peace and tinct as we line up the whole church Good Will." Peace can come only lor missions and the recruiting goes from go~d will. III will produces dis- cheerily on, from the wee cradle cord, bItterness and strife. The rollers to their grandparents. Goose- world's yearning today is for peace. flesh sentimentality is being replaced Every experiment has been tried, by a sensible estimate of the mission- every nostrum suggested to effect it ~ry as a person of normal psychology, but it seems still an evanescent dream: In a gOIng concern, subject to the Perhaps that is because we have same l~ws a~ ~hose that r-overn any lacked the good will that alone can other hIgh spIrItual endeavor. "Fling produce it. Said the late President out the Banner" and "The Morning Harding to me on one occasion: Light is Breaking" have drowned "The Gospel of Understanding alone out certain oft-used old-time hymns will insure a tranquil world." The that used to die a doleful death alter Gosp~l of Understanding, yes, under- five or six stanzas of quavering pathos.

standIng that is based upon good will. " The usual monthly missionary meet-.

That is the Gospel of Christmas. ing" of twenty-five years ago was With an increasing desire fobrecpoemaicne~ often to be taken, like castor oil, not with world interests fast for the taste but for the effect. Now- more common and its relations more ada:ys missionary meetings are be- intimate, shall we not believe that comIng normal· and correspondingly through men and women of good will attractive. Speed the day when we ~ better and happier understanding shall have to hang outside the door IS presently to be reached? Better the sign, "Standing Room Only." On ~han all the gifts we give or receive J~n.uary first, resolve to bring your IS that sense of happiness and security mlsIonary department a step nearer that proceeds from the consciousness that ideal during 1928. The follow- that men all the world over are com- ing pointers are culled out of reports ing to a better understanding. Shall from some of our most successful mis-.

we not hope, as we enter into the sionary organizations: .

spirit of' a new Christmas day, that Gearing for Efficiency there shall come that reign Ol universal peace and good will of which Progress in any organized endeavor the heralding angels sang?-BrsHoP is marked by ever-increasing correIa, JAMES E. FREEMAN. tion of homogeneous parts, to con- serve power and eliminate lost m()tion. Proclaiming the Messa~~e through the 0 nIy t he most I.ncorrigible champions Local Church of "yesterday forever" still insist on Nowhere do we find more indis- making women '8 work in the local putable !widence that "the world do church an exception. Our ideal should 935

be the creation of a local Board of material to take back to their fields, Missions, with an elective or appoint- for use not only in their own families ive membership, this board to be the but among the native mothers. This general planning and promotional opens a realm of wonderful, world- body for all missionary endeavor in wide possibilities.

the congregation. By no other means "A third group, chiefly with a so- can we secure correlation of effort cial objective, was formed from among and unified, comprehensive planning, business and professional women thus ending the haphazard presenta- obliged to meet in the evenings. Still tion which has been called "the kan- a fourth group, which we like to think garoo method. " But our approach to of as auxiliary to the Women's So- this must be synthetic, building up ciety, consists of the King's Daughters bH by hit. The writer. has yet to of high school age–the chief timbers learn of one instance in which the from which we must build our future amalgamation of the Women's Home organizations.

and Foreign Missionary organizations "There was inevitably some over- and the Ladies' Aid Society failed to lapping, both of membership and in- accentuate the efficiency of all three– terest, with the same broad Kingdom after a reasonable period for convales· objective. 'l'actfully and carefully cense from "growing pains." The these groups were brought closer to- usual gearing provides for one presi- gether until finally they responded dent, with vice-presidents heading with a cordial affirmative to the ques- each subdivision of the work. Some tion, 'Would you like to be affiliated progressive churches have effected as a department of the Women's So- even a higher gear-and, mark you, ciety and make a report at its annual their number will increase. meeting l' Then it became almost a Mrs. Lathan A. Crandall, of the task for an efficiency expert to ar- Hyde Park Baptist Church, serving range the several group meetings to the University of Chicago, writes: avoid conflict of hours and to effect "Some years ago the young pastor's a mingling of the women from all wife became the leading spirit in or- the groups in programs, study and ganizing The Young Married Wom- business: but the growing spirit of en's Group, which afforded interest cooperation proved wonderful, and and work for the element not at- the work, though incomplete, is pro- tracted to the regular Women's So- gressing.

ciety. So successful was the venture "At present, the Women's Society that advancing years brought the has two meetings a month, at the first membership no inclination for pro- of which the women-mostly the motion. So, capitalizing her own ex- senior element-come together for a perience, the organizer in a master program at 2: 30, followed by after- stroke of diplomacy proposed that all noon tea. At the second, the Parent- who had been married ten years Education Group, meets at ten a. m., should voluntarily go into the senior and simultaneously another group society, not making age or motherhood (with time-honored 'Ladies' Aid'

or any of the usual talismans the functions) assembles for White Cross touchstone. or other benevolent sewing. At the "Later, certain mothers of adoles- ensuing luncheon these two groups cent children engaged a psychological are joined by the Young Married expert in child study to conduct a Women's Group, the president of the class, out of which grew a flourishing Women's Society conducting the Parent-Education Group that at- business before leaving the table, as tracted community women from all the relation of the entire gathering churches and no church at all. Re- to the financial budget entitles all cently-a new and thrilling feature– to a voice in the voting. After the wives of missionaries home on fur- luncheon, the Women's Society has lough have asked the expert for its mission study, and the Young Mar-

BEST METHODS

ried Women's Group its individual alone. This card contained the name program meeting. Improvements are of some woman not yet interested in in the air and we hope to be able to the work of the organization, who was report an even more efficient gearing to be wooed (but secretly) by every later. " possible legitimate means, through all Winning the Workers the remaining months. The wooer "Every able-bodied woman in the mailed unique and attractive invita- 'Church an active worker in the Wom- tions to all the meetings, sent Christ- en's Society" is the modern slogan, mas, Easter and, if possible, b~rthday and we may almost glimpse the day cards, signing one and all wlth the when it will be activated. A mission- curiosity-tickling non de plum.e, ary meeting, for instance, is not a 'Your Butterfly Friend.' Imagine thing set apart, a candidate for a the stress of keeping such a secret; modern miracle. It is subject to the and what a craning of necks and Sher- same laws of repulsion, attraction and lock-Holmesing there must have been neutrality as any other aggregation at the meetings. A Butterfly Lunch- of people. W ecannot rely to any eon at which all butterflies came out "'reat extent on "duty" to drive but of 'their cocoons, was the brilliant ;ather on "attraction" to pull. One roundup. It proved one of the most of the strongest lures is that of a successful rally functions ever held.

" job." The problem of attendance In charming invitations the Butterfly might be solved if we could command Friends lured their protegees to the the services of a vocational expert, to church parlors under promise of reye- assign each woman the task for ~hich lation of identity, and later sat beslde her tastes fitted her. To approxlmate them with said protegees as guests of this it is daeustiurmabnle(aatsuthpeer-fairtstt~amc~eievte- honor. The tables were beautifully ing 'of the decorated with flowers over which meeting heralded by personal mVIta- hovered butterflies of every descrip- tions) to pass out enlistment cards tion. Paper napkins bearing gay whereon each guest may check her butterflies were used. The toasts were preferences on a list of all possible all in terms of butterfly development activities, from passing the singing adenldighltiffe~l.anTdo tbe general effect was connect missionarf inbooks, arranging the room attractive- terest with attendance, the commIttee ly, preparing the light refreshme;nts plans presently to give each. wom;:n and serving as hostess, up to holdmg the name of a home or foreIgn mISan office serving on committees and sionary whose birthday falls on the taking a' part on a program. Active same date as her own, and to ask the brains sufficiently cudgeled can set the recipient to cultivate her missionary scenes for a much greater variety in every way possible. Thus what was than is usually afforded; and then at first a mere butterfly interest may with cards marked, the committee of develop into something perm.anen~ amateur experts may make their selec- and enduring 'Butterfly Fl'lends tions and adjustments, and follow up will become 'Birthday Friends.' " the enlistment vigorously b" assigning (Naturally this topic overlaps that of sucthe tasks and seeing to it that they cessful program building, wherein may presare attemped, Two mission circles ently be found more concrete plans for used very successfully "The Butter- solving the problem of church unemploy- fly Enlistment, " for recruiting. Here ment.) it is as described by Mrs. Lucy S. Sugar Coa.ting Mission Study Kyle, Redla'nds, California: '" At the first meeting of the mis- Meaty as our mission study books sion circle year-called 'The Migra- are, only high-class catering can make tion of the Butterflies'-each person them appetizinr>' to every member of was given a little card in a sealed en- the church family. But inasmuch as velope not to be opened until she was the best detached program is to the

study class as a "snack" to a square off in a missionary demonstration. One meal, the catering is well worth while. leader asked five successive questions, How is this for the triumph of a mis- the answer to one and all being' Bensionary chef, as described by Mrs. gal-Orissa,' all shouting the answer Stella M. Ogden of the First Baptist in unison until it took on the char- Church, Galesburg, Illinois T acter and enthusiasm of a college yell. At another table a young lady sang, " Our school of missions was a great 'In the Secret of His Presence'-a success, lasting six weeks with no hymn composed by a Hindu woman. diminution of interest. We began each evening session (which took the "After this the guests visited place of our mid-week prayer meet- elaborate booths which we had preings.) with a fifteen-cent supper, at pared in the Sunday-school class roms, each booth representing a misa quarter past six, and it would sur- sion field in India and their inspecprise you what wonderful meals can tion constituting a tour in miniature. be served at that price. Under a com- We had collected a great variety of petent permanent chairman, various pictures, curios and interesting bits group organizations or Sunday-school of visualized information, made colorclasses served suppers which proved ful posters, etc. ·Well-informed guides a marvel to everybody. There followed or demonstrators presided in the a fifteen-minute recreation period at booths. Thus a vast amount of otherwhich a ~imple group game, like wise 'dry' information was made in- 'buzz,' was played, and then the mis- spiring. I do not recall another sion study classes were held using series of missionary studies of as gen- 'The Christ of the Indian Road.' eral interest as the foregoing." Separate groups were formed for men, older and younger women and Successful PrograDl Building for young people in general, with a story-telling group for the younger Inspiration and information, mobilchildren. A different leader presented ized always by interest, must be the lesson chapter each week, and dis- balanced on effective programs. A cussion was free and animated. prayerful, consecrated spirit must be maintained throughout: but let no "Following this we were called to- one think the North Star will skid gether in the assembly room for a ten- from its course if the normal, wholeminute' pep period.' One meeting had some elements of humor, impersona- 'Peppy Pointers from Burma; an- tion and dramatization are in- troduced. Above all things, do not other, 'Some Pertinent Facts from the think a deeply spiritual leader must Missionary Quiz Book'; another was look like an undertaker or the chief a map lesson on the mission fields of mourner at her own funeral. No India, and at another, a returned mis- suspension of natural law is to be sionary and wife gave a Chinese fairy counted on inside a misionary meetstory, the missionary relating it in ing. People will be attracted only the native tongue and his wife trans- along the line of their natural interlating sentence by sentence. ests, and you may as well study and prepare to cater to these first :;s last. "We aimed to make our last night You are safe, however, in presupposa climax. The beautifully decorated ing a mixed appetite, even to the tables were designated for our several craving for a sprinkle of paprika or fields in India. The menu was, so far a dash of Lea and Perrins Sauce; but as possible, an Indian one-including first make sure that the food supplied rice, of course. Each guest upon ar- is worth the seasoning. Inasmuch as derival was furnished with pencil and sire for freshness and variety is nornaper and bidden to make a collection mal, keep the old-time traditionalists of forty facts from among those typed off the program committee. Make the and strewn over tables and church meetings short. Ordinarily a program parlors. Then the several supper tables were presided over by 'stunt leaders.' each responsible for leading

should be limited to an hour, exclusive "The letters may be collected at the of business (even that should be close and used again at subsequent "snappy"), and the participants meetings, possibly throughout the should be held to time though the year, guests drawing different letters heavens fall. "Talked to Death" is each time and thus getting the basal the unseen inscription on many a idea of universal service fixed."

mission circle monument. "The field A Unique Investment: "At any is the world"; but it is a mistake to convenient landmark of time-as the try to get it all into one capsule. Giv- first autumn meeting or the first one ing everybody something to do is a of the calendar year-give out num- sure appeal to natural interests. Here bered envelopes inscribed with the is an excellent suggesti()n from one following rules;- of our best known workers, Mrs. Helen Put me in a conspicuous plaee where you Barrett Montgomery; will SBe me every day.

"An Alphabetical Roll Call affords Get acquainted with me and what I am a pleasant variety in a missionary program. A scrambled alphabet is doing for the Kingdom. After knowing me for-months, come to the Woman 'B Missionary Meeting to be held passed around from which each per- on the lawn of Mrs. J– B- September oon draws a letter to be used as the 2d, and tell what you know abont me.

initial of some important qualification "Inside the envelope a daintily of a Chri&tian worker. If the size of decorated card bears the name and the audience justifies it, more than station of a missionary in present-day one alphahet may be given out and service, and the verse, called for as 'capital A and small a', etc. The leader should preface the roll When you Bee me day by day, call with forceful remarks on the im- Though my work lies far away, Learn about it all you may, portance of each member activating While for it and me you pray.

some quality of a successful worker, "The round-up meeting should be the variety rounding out the ideal attractively planned, with plenty of service that a church or a mission music interspersed among the timecircle should render. The letters are limited talks. Well-known hymns of then called for in rotation, their hold- which unannounced stanzas are ers rising and responding in some· started by a leader, serve excellently." thing like the following: -MAUDE A. BROOK, Fanny Doane A-Accept limitations. Home for Missionaries' Children, B-Be a Bible Christian. Granville, Ohio. C-Circle the globe by your prayers. The following program briefs sug- D-Don't pull down: build up. E-Eliminate non·essentials. gest plans for special occasions:- F-Follow Christ: fear nothing. Christmas: Carols, instrumental G-Give your best: get other folks' best. selections, stories and talks on the H-Have a well-made plan. observance of the season on home and I-Inhale power and exhale blessings. foreign fields; sketches of women and J-Joy and give thanks always. children in other lands not in the at- K-Kindly respond to letters, courtesies, requests. . mosphere of the blessed day; Christ- mas Hope-stories of schools and L-Let your love be genuine. hospitals built with offerings from M -Manage little: pray much. givers who have the Christmas spirit; N-Never give up. O-Obedience is the eye of the soul.

P-Pray your plans through. articles and stories from Christmas Q-Quality meallS more than quantity. numbers of missionary magazines; R-Respollsibility shared means development. plenty of holiday decorations, even S-Sincerity is the seal of power. to a tiny tree. If gifts have been as- T-Think things through before acting.

U-Uneeda vision. sembled for use among the needy, have V-Verify rumors before repeating. groups of w()men bring them forward W-Weights may be your wings_ -some in decorated baskets, some in Y"-X-cept your disabilities. huge tarlatan stockings carried, like Z-Zenith seers look upward.

the grapes ef Eschel, en a pole borne "ReDloving the Masculine Inferiority by two. wemen-each group display- CODlpIe","

ing its gift-effering with a merry, "Finally, brethren," let us return home-made jingle er song set to. to eur eriginal keynote, viz., lining a familiar air, as, up the whole church for missions. If "Christmas stockings, Christmas stockings, you can go no. farther at first, have an Filled with toys we bring"- open meeting with plenty of men en set to. the tune of the chorus ef the program, at least ence a quarter.

"Jingle Bells." But where possible, why net join Thanksgiving: After a hymn ef hands with churches whese Women's praise, ask each person to. give a Missienary Society is dropping its Bible verse of praise and thanksgiv- gender and becoming "common" ? ing or lead in a shert prayer ef grati- One such tells how the thank-offering tude (prime some beferehand fer meeting was ebserved as a Sunday definite themes). Then on blackbeard, merning service with address by the display causes for lecal, denemina- pastor and ensuing efferings; men tienal cr national gratitude, having cenducted the regular meetings frem members previously appeinted speak time .te time, ence having a free-forcne minute each, without anneunce- all discussion of Foreign Missiens by ment, en the themes. Close with men from a local club, these of indramatic sketeh 0.1." well-told stery. different interest having arguments assigned in favor of missiens and be- Summer Meetings: Fer a musical coming so enthusiastic that one porch meeting or picnic, have as The beught the l)ooks used fer reference. Air, a song; the Netes, secretary's re- another subscribed for THE MISSIONpert; the Staff', Scripture; the Key, ARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD frem praYN'; the Treble Clef, brief steries which he had culled his points (note ef eut;,tanding missionary wemen; the the strategy) etc.; debates were in- Bass Clef, steries ef missionary men; dulged in on such questions as, "Rethe Scere, a missienary contest or game; the Signature, names of very well-knewn missionaries pinned en selved, that industrialism has ren- backs to. be guessed by wearers from dered Africa a mere impertant mission answers to questicns they propound; field than those in Asia," and general the Rest, refreshments or dinner. subject matter was handled which A fagot meeting er missionary bon- commanded the interest of men and fire: Have either one leng story sub- women. It is simply a question as to.

divided, or a series ef snappy short whether wemen are willing to. sacri- ones, the narrators being previded fice something in erder to. extend to.

with fagots, each threwing her stick the whele church the good things to en the fire and continuing her nar- which they have long deveted them- ratien while it is burning. selves. Is it not werth while?

KATHARINE SCHERER CRONK. Sketches from her life by her sister, Laura Scherer Copenhaver. A charming story of our friend Mrs. Cronk, especially beautiful as a Christmas gift. 48 pp. Illuminated vellum cever. Price 25c. Published by M. H. Lewis, Box 4, North Cambridge, Mass.

Woman's Foreign Mission

EDITED BY MISS ELLA D. McLAURIN, 419 FOURTH AVE., NEW YORK THE TREASURE CHEST dren for stories, it seems almost un- The possibilities of this intensely forgivable that the children of India should so long have been deprived of interesting age in which we live are their birthright in this regard. It must always be remembered that if so startling as to be fairly breath- good people do not produce good lit- erature for children, bad people will taking. Through all the countries of produce bad literature. Fortunately, the forces for good have been the first the East today the fresh wind of free- in the field in India. For the past five years the Committee on Christian Litdom is stirring, and the hearts of men erature has supported the magazine, The Treasure Chest, now published in and women are opening to strange English and three vernaculars. The Methodist Board has sent· out three new influences. All of this awaken- women missionaries as editors of the English edition and provided an ing life in Asia makes a compelling editor of one of the vernacular edi- tions, while the Congregational Board demand upon us. For underneath all has furnished editors for two other editions. the unrest among the peoples of the The first edition was in English. East is a yearning for a spiritual There were two reasons for this, be- cause there were two classes of chilforce more powerful than any they dren to be reached. First of all the Christian children. The standa;d of know, a {orce that will transform hu- literacy in the Christian community is the highest of all. 'For Moslems the man character and give it "power to proportion is 8% among men and half become." of 1% among women; for Hindus it To make Jesus and His transform- is 1570 among men and 1%% among women; but for Christians it is 32% ing power the possession of all the among men and 1870 among women. And the standard is rising among peoples of the world is the passion of Christians more rapidly than in any other class. It is necessary, then, to all of us who have experienced that cultivate in Christian children a love of reading, as well as to provide them power in our own lives. Many differ- with good reading. If there are few Christian books the children will read ~nt agencies must be used for carry- whatever they can find, bad as well as good. mg our message, and among them one of the greatest is the power of the printed page. Literature opens up a neglected line of approach to the Hindu and Moslem heart, and voices a new challenge to us. We are only beginning to glimpse the enormous possibilities for good that it holds.

In India the way for a great work has been prepared by the system of education. There are 21,000,000 liter- ates, (half of whom are children and young people), a ntdhiasbonuutm3b0e0~00e0vearrye being added to year. But against this apparent prog- ress we must set the fact that 39% of the children of India who learn to ;e~dand write eventually lapse into IllIteracy for lack of reading matter after their school years. Non-Christian Children Perhaps it is indicative of the in- difference to children's interests in The other class of children for I~dia that in the bookshops of the na- whom The Treasure Chest is intended hon the only books for children are are non-Christian children, and to readers' and school textbooks. When them the English eliition generally we remember the hUl1ger of all chil- makes ,a greater appeal than one in 941

their own language. For educated its young readers in such a way as to non-Christians throughout India Eng- produce character."

lish is the language of approach. Dr. Rabindranath Tagore, whose name MacNicol, of the National Christian from the beginning has been on our Council, says" It is especially in Eng- subsc.ription list, supplied to the pa- lish that the battle of ideas is being per an original poem called "Time."

and will be fought out in Indian re- The majority of schools in India, of ligion, " and he quotes the fact that every faith-Hindu, Moslem, Brahmore editions of the "Bhagavad- min, Samaj, Arya Samaj, Jain and Gita,'" the favorite religious book of Parsee-subscribe to the magazine, Hindus, are appearing in English and many of the members of the Im- perial Legislative Council at Delhi as than in the vernaculars. well as those of the Provincial Coun- Believing that everything good in cils take it for their families. India's heritage should be conserved and ennobled, and that Christian lit- A very interesting class of suberature should deepen the love that scribers is made up of the rulers of Indians feel for their own land, the Native States, a number of whose magazine has put its emphasis upon names appear on our SUbscription list. national literature and biography, One of the Maharanis of South India, and has shown its sympathy with the now acting as regent for the co-wife's son during his minority, who has been best of India's aspirations. It has en- making a very courageous fight deavored to present ideals of social against "untouchability" and against service saturated with the spirit of oppression of the low-caste people, is Christ, and to interpret the social, na- reported to be a most interested tional and international problems now reader of the magazine. The Queen confronting India from the Christian of Bhopal,' the only Moslem woman point of view. ruler in India, the first in India to abolish the drink evil in her State, The present struggle of old and and very progressive in educational new, the struggle of heart and brain matters, takes the magazine for her that the new ideas are producing, the three granddaughters, who are three restlessness and ferment of young In- as charming little princesses as can dia, call imperatively for Christian anywhere be found. The Maharajah literature of the right sort. Many in of another State was (lUe of the earliest subscribers to the magazine, whose spirits is deep disquietude and and the English tutor of his son wrote questioning are likely to be reached by the editor that the young Prince was the quiet message of the printed page. a constant reader of the magazine, and especially enjoyed the articles on The weakness of India's national life social service. When it is remembered openly deplored by so many of her that this boy will some day be the leaders makes it necessary to show that character is the basis of aU national greatness, and that in J eSUB Christ can be found, as in no one ruler of several million peopie, the else, the power to transform char- extent of the influence of this silent acter. messenger can be the more greatly The cordial reception given The appreciated.

Trea<Jure Chest by a number of non- The Boards of Examiners of three Christian magazines and newspapers, of the universities of South India, and their frequent use of articles most of whom are non-Christians, from its pages are evidence that it chose this year as one of the textbooks makes a wide appeal. One of the for the Matriculation Examination papers not long ago gave a very fa- "The Golden Company." This book, vorable review of the magazine, end- consisting of biographical sketches ing with the word, .. The Treasure from The Treasure Chest, has been Chest is bound to mould the minds of published by the Indian Branch of

WOMAN'S FOREIGN MISSION BULLETIN

the Oxford University Press, and to- a stamp on the outside requesting the day about 25,000 boys and girls in Post Office to deliver them to the several hundred high schools are Christian Church. Again quoting studying it. Mrs. MacGillivray, "We believe this will be done." In many places, grad- Christian literature in India is on uates of our mission schools are in the eve of a great opportunity, the charge of the post offices. greatness of which we have realized only in part. Wider ranges of view In December Mrs. MacGillivray are demanded in making the program wrote us that $5.00 would place the of the future, than were needed a Chinese Children's Bible-just off the decade ago. More thought and greater press-in twelve homes. An appeal liberality must be exercised towards to the Foreign Missions Conference literature. We cannot be sufficiently brought $50.00 for the purpose. On thankful that literature for children the day this money reached Shanghai, and young people in India is in Chris- in the midst of distress and confusion, tian hands. Only by a great output Mrs. MacGillivray addressed the 120 of energy can we keep this initial ad- Bibles and placed in each a little slip vantage, and also put Christian litera- saying that the Bible was a gift from ture far ahead of all possible compe- American friends to assure these tition from debasing sources. It is Chinese Christians of sympathy and for us to spend ourselves lavishly in friendliness in their time of trial. a program' of daring adventure. Later an order came from an in- RUTH E. RoBINSON, Editor. terior mission station for 100 or more India. copies of this book.

URGENT AND IMMEDIATE The Chinese Christians of the fu- ture may have to do without the per- These words represent the need in sonal help and inspiration of the mis- China. sionary and the spoken word, but a strong influence through the printed Many are thinking of China as page is still available, opening up a closed to our missionary approach, new path of development through and feel that we must wait for a fit- which we can be of service to the ting time to give her again the Chinese. greatest thing we know for her national and personal up-building, Are there a hundred women who namely, the Christian truths. will be glad to give five dollars each and put the Bible in twelve homes Y Today the printed page is carrying the message into many areas, from The LORD is good unto . …. . which missionaries have been with- the soul that seeketh him. Lam. drawn, and where the Chinese Church 3:25. is in need of a generous supply of the right kind of books and magazines. He who rushes into the pres- ence of God and hurriedly whis- The appeal comes from Mrs. Mac- pers a few petitions and rushes Gillivray, the editor of Happy Child- out again never, perhaps, sees hood, a magazine read in almost every God there at all. He can no province of China, by young and old, more get a vision than a disrich and poor, for us not to let this quieted lake can mirror the avenue of approach be given up. stars. We must stay long enough to become calm, for it is In this time of special need the only the peaceful soul in which magazine is being sent out, though in eternal things are reflected as in many cases no money may be received a placid water.-Arthur T. for' it. In the words of Mrs. Mac- Pi(Jll'son. Gillivray, "It is going, money or no money. We must venture and adventure in these days. Will you back us up T" The magazines are sent with

Answers to Missionary History Test (Questions on page 911.) 1. John Kenneth Mackenzie, the" Beloved Physician of Tientsin."

2. Alexander M. Mackay of Uganda. 3. Two Princeton students: Robert P. Wilder, son of Royal Gould Wilder, missionary to India and founder of THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD; and John Newton Forman, son of Charles N. Forman and grandson of John Newton, both distinguished pioneer missionaries to India. 4. Sheldon Jackson, Presbyterian missionary to Alaska. 5. J. Hudson Taylor, a medical and evangelistic missionary. 6. The Livingstonia Mission of Central Africa developed by Dr. Robert Laws and now under the United Free Church of Scotland. 7. Francis G. Penzotti, a native of Northern Italy. 8. The mission of the Church Missionary Society to Uganda. The first missionaries arrived on June 30, 1877. 9. The station of the Presbyterian Board of National Missions at Point Barrow, Alaska. 10. Kamil Abdul Messiah, who was led to Christ by Dr. H. H. Jessup, Beirut, Syria. 11. Pandita Ramabai, founder of the Christian home for child widows, at Bombay, India, and later removed to Kedgaon (about 100 miles from Bombay). 12. Miss Annie Royle Taylor, author of "Pioneering in Tibet." 13. Dr. and Mrs. Robert Whittaker McAll. 14. A famous English Baptist missionary and explorer in the Congo country in Africa. The Peace. 15. A famous British missionary doctor who ministers to the fisher folk of Newfoundland and the Labrador. The Strathcona. 16. Doctor John G. Kerr, an American Presbyterian missionary. 17. Doctor John G. Paton, Scotch Presbyterian missionary to the New Hebrides. 18. Joseph Hardy Neesima who was educated by the Hon. Alpheus Hardy and became President of Dozhisha University. 19. Mrs. Isabella Bird Bishop, author of books of travel on Persia, China, Japan and Korea. 20. An insur,rection in which a nephew of the king was badly wounded. He was so skillfully treated by Dr. Horace N. Allen that the superiority of western medical science was at once apparent.

Missionary Thoughts for the New Year A bold resolve to grapple with the whole of its task would signify a rebirth of the Church.

In recognizing and courageously accepting the whole of its task the church will discover anew the true meaning and riches of its own faith.

It cannot be expected that the faith of missionaries should soar far beyond the general level of the Church of which they are the representatives.

Only a church that has a passionate belief in its own principles and is thoroughly in earnest about their application, can hope to, evangelize the world.

: .. :"

Woman's Home Mission

EDITED BY FLORENCE E. QUINLAN, 105 EAST 22ND ST., NEW YORK ORIENTALS AND HAWAIIANS may be less adventitious and oppor- tunist and represent a scientifically By GEORGE W. HINMAN based and efficiently coordinated pro- One of the most important forward gram to cover the country. At pres- steps taken in years in the Christian ent there are areas of competitive program in Hawaii has been accom- work, areas of complete neglect and plished in uniting the Filipino work areas of unsupervised and misdirected of the Hawaiian Board of Missions effort. There are indications that and that of the Methodist Mission. volunteer workers who are carrying This if! not a mere federation of ac- on the large amount of mission work tivities but an actual uniting to carry for Chinese east of the Rockies would out a definite piece of work. Advance welcome suggestions about methods and development are reported even in and needs such as might come out .of work for Hawaiians, which many in- a true community study of segregated cline to regard as a closed chapter in Oriental groups in many Eastern missionary history. There bas been cities. Such a great volume of con- an encouraging start in church work seerated effort as is being put into in a new home colony of Hawaiians Chinese mission schools in the East on the sparsely-settled island of Molo- deserves the wisest guidanee and di- kai. For the first time last year a reetion by our boards even if they systematic effort was made to secure do not put a cent of appropriation in- contributions for missions fro m to such enterprises.

churches of Hawaiians and Orientals The work among Chinese in Can- in the Islands through the Every ada has been greatly strengthened by Member Canvass plan. the work of a general superintendent, The Hawaiian Board made a eom- born of missionary parents in Canton munity survey of typical interracial and speaking the language of the communities in its territory. One of special group of Chinese who have their secretaries says: "We are' be- come to America. The United Church coming aware of the increasing race- of Canada has transferred its Chinese consciousness of various people with missions in the home land from the whom we work and it will doubtless be Foreign Board to its Home Mission of great importance for us all to study Board, and has placed Rev. Wm. H.

the situation and analyze it without Noyes, of Toronto, in charge. Mr.

prejudice and with the highest type Noyes and Rev. Charles H. Shepherd, of scientific method of which we are of San Francisco, have done much to capable." Professor Romanzo Adams change the whole character of Chinese of the University of Hawaii has pub- mission work in the United States and lisbed very valuable studies of races Canada because they are able to give in Hawaii, which will help to supply time to development .of many scat- the basis for a better-planned Chris- tered and more or less independent tian program of service with Orientals Chinese misSions, and are also able to and Hawaiians. talk to the Chinese in their own Serious consideration should be dialect. .

given to the need for scientific surveys Nothing would mean more for of Oriental communities in mainland Chinese missioIiworkin the United United States as the Hawaiian Board States than the securing of a IlQ,U~ is attempting in the territory of sciousness of unity among Chinese Hawaii, so that Oriental mission work mission workers and Chinese Chris- 5 946

tians all over the United States. The limitations of economic oppor- Chinese tongs and other societies have tunity force Chinese in America into their national organizations and parasitic occupations, like running realize their strength. But there is disreputable hotels, mostly used as very little group consciousness among places to meet prostitutes, or chop Chinese Christians in America, even suey houses, which very often serve denominationally, with the result that the same purpose. It has been dis- the large number of units of Chinese covered that our religious work among mission work are pitifully conscious Chinese has had so little social power of their separate weakness. that a church deacon could run one of It is worth noting that city church the most notorious hotels and chop federations in places where there is suey restaurants in a large Chinese a considerable Chinese population are community. Why is it true that beginning to consider the problem of Chinese students are coming to their Chinese group as a whole, not America Christian and returning merely as denominational units (when without any faith ~ Partly because denominational missions have been es- many of them have to find employ- tablished), and are asking for counsel ment in places frequented by prosti- in meeting the whole situation. Sac- tutes who solicit them and take their ramento Church Federation, Chicago earnings. Ninety per cent of the Chi- Church Federation and Washington nese who come to one Chinese pastor Church Federation have given serious for medical help are diseased as a re- attention to Chinese work, either in sult of such' relations. It is hard to uniting existing missions or in supply realize that we have gone on for fifty of unmet needs, and have asked for years conducting missions for Chinese suggestion and advice. in America, without remedying the There has been very little study of intolerable social conditions of Chicommunity conditions among Orien- nese communities.

tals in the United States, though this Reports have come from Oakland ought to be a preliminary to any un- and San Francisco that determined derstanding of relations. efforts have been made to keep Chi- There are many reasons why special nese students out of higher public attention should be given now to schools, which, we are glad to say, Chinese in the United States: they principals and boards of education are all Cantonese and the Cantonese have steadily and strongly resisted. A are the dominant factor just at this contractor and builder in· the same moment in the struggle for a national section, to blackmail people from government in China; there is a re- whom he wanted financial help, put crudescence of prejudice against the up big sign boards advertising that Chinese; there is an increasing rec- fine residences in an exclusive district ognition of the social unsoundness of were being sold to Chinese.

Chinese community life in the United ll!foney made by Cbinese is being States, which our religious programs spent in their own communities in- have not considered or affected. Re- stead of being sent to China. Fine cently American·born Chinese made a new buildings are erected with Chi- strong appeal for relief from condi- nese funds. There are many more tions of the immigration law which social organizations.. One list gives make it impossible for them to seek one hundred and sixty-five community wives in China. If Chinese communi- organizations in San Francisco China- ties in America were normally con- town having their own headquarters, stituted, half male and half female, besides churches, llOspitals, public this would not be necessary. But in schools, theatres and newspaper of- New York and Chicago there is only fices, Large sums are paid to Chinese one Chinese woman of marriageable a('tors in theatres of the San Fran- age to fifteen or eighteen men. cisco Chinese community. The Ohi-

WOMAN'S HOME MISSION BULLETIN

nese in the United States are not poor press than do those who remain in and unable to support their own com- Japan. munity institutions. They have not been asked to do so in any effective It is evident that the migratory way by mission boards. seasonal Japanese laborer, living in rude shacks, is still largely unreached Mexicali is a remarkable example of by missionary agencies.. The effect of Interdenominational cooperation. The anti·Japanese legislation is to increa.<;e work was begun by Congregation- this class or else force Japanese into alists, developed by Presbyterians. and cities where often they must go into es.tablished by Methodists, with a parasitic occupations. in order to s.upthor{)ughly cordial spirit in all trans- port themseles. The employment fers of responsibility. The question problem is becoming serious since of union work in the San Francisco they have been shut out of farming Chinese community has been brought except as day laborers. to the attention of readers of the RE- VIEW. During the past year there has An exceedingly important work of been steady progress in development mission boards for Orientals is the of a union spirit among young people provision of homes for Chinese and in spite of some hindrances. The Japanese women and girls and for United Christian Missionary Society Chinese ooys, the latter a new depardecided to confine its Oriental mission ture by the Baptist board. The Methwork to Japanese and to sell its build- odists have important institutions in ing in San Francisco, which for more Honolulu, Seattle, San Francisco and than a year had been generously Los Angeles; the Presbyterians in granted to the use of the Chinese San Francisco and Oakland; the Bapy{)ung people's group for their lan- tists in Berkeley. In some cases the guage school and boys' and girls' club service of these institutions is changwork. It was. necessary to move the ing. work to new rented rooms, but the union work has gone on increasing in The Filipino work in Honolulu has interest and effectiveness, and now been mentioned. There is also an infour ooards are cooperating and have teresting work among three thousand appointed a specially trained Chinese Filipinos in New York City, as well principal of the school work. The en- as among those in California. If we thusiasm of the group for this coop- are to win and serve these large numerative enterprise is its biggest asset. bers of Filipinos in the United States, Among older Chinese there is still a it is pr{)per for administrators of misdivisive spirit. They are influenced sion boards to give sympathetic confurther by the fear that any union sideration to their aspirations for movement means cutting down appr{)- independence and to their passionate priation from boards. devotion to the memory of Rizal.

A prominent Japanese pastor, Rev. The second edition of the Oriental S. Abe, of Seattle, has given his im- Missions Directory" is an attempt pressions of some chief difficulties in to bring together names and adthe way of work for Japanese in dresses, without further statistical America. He mentions first, denomi- data, of all Christian institutions for national separation; second, the sup- Chinese, Japanese, Koreans, F'ilipinos posed identification of Christianity and Hindus in United States, Canada, with Americanism; third, the his- Cuba and Mexico. It has been pub- lished by the Councils and distributed toric prejudice against Christianity through mission ooards. brought from Japan; and fourth, the 'Obtain from Council of Women for Home fact that Japanese in America have less enlightenment and stimulus to Missions. 105 E. 22nd St., New Y<>rk City; 10 modern ideas through the public ~:~~~·t b~nD~~IH~~l:~~ o:n~o~':,".1~ ~~~~~ln~:sJ:~~ ary Information will be sent free for postage to anyone in the United States or Canada upon request.

World Day of Prayer, P'ebruary 24. 1928

fROM MANY

AFRIOA plored, much less civilized. Thousands Not Easy in the Nile Valley of square miles of territory have not been mapped and concerning the in- THE fourteenth annual report of habitants almost nothing is known. the Nile Valley Colportage Com- Needless to say the Gospel has never mittee quoted in Blessed Be Egypt, been preched in this great area. Many says of the qualifications of colpor- of the people are nominally Mohamteurs: "This work is, not easy. There medans. It is believed tliat this is one is not only a vast amount of illiteracy, of the largest if not the largest area so that very few of the hundreds can of like population in the world today read, and consequently have no use that is without a. single gospel witfor literature of any kind. There is ness. " also religious opposition on the part of most of the minorities that can Scriptures in Nigeria read. Of these, there is frequently as much opposition from the Coptic REV. J'OHN 'HALL, of the Sudan Christians as there is from the Mohammedans. A colporteur has, there- . Interior Mission, writes of the fore, to be not only a keen trader arrival at Kaltungo, Nigeria, of the among other traders, but he has also Gospel of Matthew printed in Tanto have much grace and spiritual in- gale: "This is the fifth book of Scripsight, as well as great patience, tact ture to be put into print in the speech and perseverance, to get his books of the tribe, which had to be caught looked at, at all. He has to have the from their lips, reduced to writing pleasant word that turns away wrath and made the vehicle of the message. and fanaticism, and to know very in- How does a reader, of the average timately the man n e r s and the type known here, act when a new book thoughts of the people, their sore like this comes his way 1 For one points and their weak ones, and how thing, he would sell nearly all he has best to induce them to buy." to have the wherewithall to buy it. He does buy it, not exactly at cost- covering price, yet with something AbYl8inian Frontiers more than a whole day's wage. His hands are out for it more quickly DR. TOM LAMBIE, formerly a mis- than you can take it out of its pack- sionary of the United Presbyte- age. Then all smiles, he fondles it rian' Church, and physician to the as a miser his gold. Presently, too, Regent of Abyssinia, and now field to protect and preserve the precious director for the new Abyssinian Fron- little volume, he begs from you a piece tiers Mission, writes of his new field: of stiff paper and, perhaps, a bit of ot"On the southern and eastern borders thread, with which he makes a per- Abyssinia and in Somaliland manent cover, Then, eagerly and (:French, British and Italian) and in faithfully, he seeks every possible op- northern Kenya, the southeastern Su- portunity to sit before you in a pew dan, there is one great continuous area or at desk and learn the golden teach- of country that has hardly been ex- ings of this book of God."

948 Stalwart Liberian Ohri.tians in the villages, and only by slow p1'oe- eRses of education can the necessary REV. WALTER B. WILLIAMS, of change of mind be brought about. Al- the Methodist Episcopal Church ready much is being done in this di- Mission in the Kru Coast District of rection by patients discharged cured Liberia, says that in the town of Sobo- from the leper colonies and settlebo there is "a splendid band of mature ments. They return to their own Christians, many of whom have suf- people with a wonderful message of fered great persecution in the past for hope, and the tendency to hide the their loyalty to Jesus Christ. They disease is being gradually overcome. have built up a fine Christian settlement where there is no drinking, no Whole Families at School smoking, no dancing nor Sabbath breaking. They will not allow anyone THE Congo Evangelical Training to pass through this town carrying a Institute at Kimpese was founded .load on his head on the Lord's Day. in 1908, when English and American These men at times have become liter- Baptist missionaries united for the ally saviours for their heathen breth- purpose of training teachers and evanren. When the flames of violence. are gelists from the areas covered by their at their height in a neighboring town, Congo-speaking work. From the comsome heathen woman is sure to run to mencement emphasis has been laid on the mission. town and beg these 'God the fact that the Institute received for men' to come quick and save the town training such as are actually engaged from slashing knives and flaming in and pledged to the work of educatorches. Our Christian men are big, tional evangelism, and this practical burly fellows, and quite without fear. aim has guided the entire work of the They grip hold of the contestants and institution. Wives as well as husrun them back to their houses; snatch bands are enrolled as students; that torches, knives, cutlasses from 'their in its turn brings many children to hands. The heathen chiefs curse and the mission station, and thus the struggle and fight, but to no avail. whole family becomes the unit in These Christian Krus of Sobobo save planning the training to be given. the heathen town again and again For the current year there are thirtyfrom bloodshed and destruction. five families in training at Kimpese, They force peace and quietness upon who live a natural community life the people, but without injuring any- Hharing a common weal and seeking a common good. The whole station asone. " sembles for public worship every morning. Leprosy Widesl>read in Africa. Rev. W. D. Reynolds writes: THE Secretary of the British Em- pire Leprosy Relief Association, All men students are required to under- Mr. Frank Oldrieve, has recently com- take manual work which comprises the fellpleted a tour of over 15,000 miles. in ing of trees and sawing the same into and around Africa, visiting leper set- planks, building in brick and stone, simple tlements. He reports that leprosy carpentry for house building and all houseexists practically all over the conti- hold purposes, and, to keep thell) in touch nent, and estimates that in British with common work, every student takes his East and Central African territories turu at digging, dearing, road work and there are at the present time some all the general upkeep of the station. 60,000 lepers. Mr. Oldrieve reports that the old idea of hopelessness still Missions in South African Ohurch dominates the native mind in innumerable instances, with the conse- FOR the first hundred and fifty quence that many victims of the years of its existence the Dutch disease fail to come up for treatment Reformed Church did very little misuntil too late. This is particularly so sionarv work. Like the Church in India "it was under the control of a company that had its first duty to the

white men in its employment. For Bible. Nor is the Bible lesson conthe last hundred years the church has fined to the schools, but the missionbeen missionary, and the sum of £80,- aries and Bible women visit in the 000 a year is raised locally in South homes, not in Tyre only, but in the Africa for the work of evangelizing neighboring villages as well. As a the inhabitants of South Africa. It rule, these visits are eagerly welcomed even extends its operation into the and sometimes the children have pre- Western Sudan. It has a definite pared the way. "I spent an hour in a policy, trains men and women mis- sailor '8 home at Tyre," writes the sionaries and educates native workers senior missionary. "It was evening, as pastors, teachers and evangelists. and the lamp was brought in. The The native churches cannot do much little daughter of seven, who has to contribute in their present condi- learned to read with us, read aloud tion of poverty to self-support. The clearly and accurately the tenth chaprecord of the Church during recent ter of St. John, and when I asked her years in dealing with the racial prob- who the Good Shepherd was, she lem proves that Dutch Christians are promptly answered: 'Christ.' ,And anxious that justice should be done to the natives. who are the sheep?' ' We,' she replied, pointing to herself. It is a Moslem THE NEAR. EAST home, but Christ is becoming known and loved there. The hymn book was Urges Work for MosleDlfl brought out, and we sang together. The little daughter was the first mes- T HIS statement by a pastor in Syria senger to that home." shows that some Christians in the Near East are obeying the command A Reading Rooln in Constantinople of Christ, "Love your enemies." He says: "The Gospel and the loving AMONG the newer types of service tidings of Jesus Christ must be being initiated by American mispreached to all nations. This is just sionaries in Turkey is that of providthe time to begin gospel preaching ing interesting and worth-while readamong the Moslems. The activity of ing matter through the mission press, missionaries is indispensable. Steel is the bookstore, and a reading room in warmed in the fire and is ready to be Constantinople. The Turkish manbe made into tools.. We should go ager of this last is, according to the near to them with a pure, Christlike Missiona;ry Herald, an interesting l:fe. The general attitude of the man, nominally a Moslem, who has a Christian churches in the Near East spirit of service and cooperation, and should be the attitude of Christ, that who prepares the ground for friendly of forgiveness, sympathy, love, prayer intercourse on the part of Americans and brotherhood. Every Christian with the people who frequent the readchurch that is conscious of her calling ing room. He writes: cannot stand aloof from this task but will be ready to cooperate and work This year we have succeeded in getting with prayer. I would like to have many new friends, who come daily to read some Turkish Bibles and pamphlets the various books and papers we are putting for distribution among Moslems." at their disposal. So the worth of the place is felt by the people on all sides. Not only A Mosleln Child'. Influence schoolboys but men of the IIrst rank in the city-judges, professors, doctors, engineers, THE British Syrian Mission has etc., come and read the books and papers, been at work since 1869 among the talk with us, and in terms of respect tell us Moslems and Greek Catholics in the how they regard this service with delight ancient city of Tyre. In the school, and pleasure. Our friends who come most which is largely in the hands of Chris- frequently are the students in the boys' tian Syrians trained in Beirut, first school. The reading room now is provided place is given to the teaching of the with eight Turkish daily newspapers, to· gether with some French dailies published in Oonstantinople, twenty-live Turkish weekly and monthly periodicals, and a·few English publications.

NEWS FROM MANY, LANDS

A Bethesda Scelle In Arabia quickly they notice the mighty dif- PAUL HARRISON, M.D., of the ference between the power of the liv- Arabian Mission of the Reformed ing God in Christianity and Islam!" Church in America, described in the November REVIEW one of his recent INDIA AND SIAM trips. How his work impresses a fel- Women Student. Win HonoN I low medical missionary is thus told by SABELLA THOBURN COLLEGE, Dr. Sarah L. Hosmon: in Lucknow, India, is not only one We were privileged to have Dr. Harrison of the Union Women's Christian Colspend a month at Muscat, though most of leges in the Orient, but is also the his time was really given to Mattra, where women's department of Lucknow he had a large house, empty as to furnishings except one little room in which he University. A member of the faculty operated, and that contained only a table writes: "We have won several aca- and a chair or two. On the shelves were demic honors this year, of which we a few drugs and some supplies. In a hall are quite proud. For the second time adjoining he had a "primus" stove, an oven we won the university gold medal for for sterilizing, some basins and instruments. the best essay presented in the final These were all, but I never saw such a sight in my life I The whole building was filled English examination, about one hunwith men and women everywhere lying on dred men and our ten or fifteen floors and verandahs, some were even outside at the front of the house. It reminded me women competing. One of last year's of the porches of Bethesda in Christ's time, class is studying for the M.A. in only there was no pool near by. The dif- English and she received the scholarference in the two crowds was that at Bethesda IIlI were anxious fearing there ship offered in the English depart- ment of the university to the student would be no one to put them in the pool, but the crowd at Mattra had received relief making the best marks in the first and showed contentment in spite of the faet term examination. We had never they had nO beds nor any of the comforts done anything in the way of public that are really necessary. Drs. Harrison and Dame are wonders in the way they can competition with men's colleges, but accomplish so much with nothing. this year we accepted an invitation to send two representatives to an inter- Life in a Kurdistan Hospital university debate organized by the I N SOUJBULAK, Kurdistan, where Moslem University in Aligarh. The the Evangelical J~utheran Orient question is not decided by judges here Mission Society has a hospital, Dr. as at home, but the judges indicate Herman Schalk is having some un- who makes the best speech-first, usual opportunities to compare Chris- second and third places. The univertianity and Islam. He writes of the sity had offered gold medals to the (',allousness of Mohammedan men to winners of first and second places and one silver trophy which goes annually the sufferings of their women folk, to the college gaining the highest agand their unwillingness to pay even a gregate marks. One of our girls won nominal fee charged for a necessary the first place, the other won second operation, and comments: "Of what and their aggregate marks won the value is a wife T If she dies, which trophy." seems right to the man, then he can obtain a young healthy wife ror 15 tomans. Oh, the sad lot or Moham- Shut Out from Hindu Temples O medan wives!" The hospital has NE of the movements which, in the opinion of Dnyanodaya,· is treated suceessruUy a number of opium addicts, and or them Dr. threatening the Hinduism of Western Schalk writes: "The happy men tell India, is the widespread angry pro- far and wide that they have been test of the Mahars and other so-called healed. This attracts others. How outcast classes against the preten- the poor invalids open up and tell me sions of a Hindu nationalism that can of their bondage! And when our exclude fifty-five millions of India's testimony' presents the Gospel, how 'untouchables' from the temples of

religion. Even Vithoba '8 temples are among the people. It was a joy to coming in for their share of this grow- find many women who could read. ing wrath of the common people. For The Punjabi women, especially, were although Vithoba is one of the most very friendly and many were the democratic of Hindu idols in that opportunities for conversation. I he receives all castes, high caste and was very happy to find many, many low caste alike, one has yet to learn men and women who knew the name of the first outcaste being admitted of Christ. There was some oppointo even Vithoba's temples. In a sition, mostly from the Aryas (a reletter addressed by Gandhi to Mr. S. formed sect of Hindus) but even D. Nakarni at Karwar, where an here there was room for encourageagitation has been going on for the ment. They feared the effect of past three months in favor of securing people reading the Bible. Sometimes admission for the depressed classes they would say to the women, 'Do you into Vithoba's temple at Karwar, he want to become Christians? If you says: "God will reenter our tem- don't, you should not read that book.' ples only when we have opened not Daily there was preaching at our merely our temples but our hearts to headquarters, which were splendidly these fellow-countrymen and fellow- located to get the people. The religionists. " preaching was all done by Indians, and good messages were given." General Bo';th's Leper Colony A Christian Temple in Slam A CABLEGRAM from London to SI.AMESE Christians have great re- n- the New York Times stated that a spect for their place of worship. So reports Rev. J. L. Hartzell, of Salvation Army leper settlement, Prae, Siam, who writes.: "The words nanced with American gifts to Gen- 'This Temple was built in 1927,' eral Booth, will be established on the are written on a board and nailed on a banks of the Ganges near Benares. small wooden building in a country The suggestion that the army should village in Prae Province, North Siam. establish leper colonies in India was Since returning from furlough in made to General Booth by King May, I have been hearing about the George. Writing from India the Gen- Christian community in this district. eral says: "The King, whom I saw The chapel is a rough wooden buildbefore I set out on my tour of India in ing without walls that would hold 1922, said: 'Can't you do something about thirty people. It is what would for the lepers of India such as you be called a shack in the United States, have been doing in the Dutch East but these Christian people have dig- Indies T' I am now beginning on thl' nified it with the name of Temple. banks of the Ganges. The expense of And it is so to them because they the initiation of the settlement will meet there to worship the Lord Jesus come from a portion of my seventieth and they have built it themselves birthday fund raised by my friends in without any outside aid whatever. To the United States. The greater part the missionary this humble building of the land necessary has been given looks better than many of the fine by the Maharajah of Benares. " churches built in Siam out of Ameri- can money." Arya. Fear Elrect of Bible Bible Read in Ceylon A RELIGIOUS festivale or meZa, at Hardwar in the Punjab which oc- O WING to the widespread knowlcurs only once in twelve years gave edge of English in Ceylon Miss Clara Lloyd, Presbyterian mis- workers of the Ceylon and India sionary at Saharanpur and her Indian General Mission have been able to dishelpers unusual opportunities for tribute thousands of English tracts, evangelistic work. She says: "We sold books and did personal work

1927J NE'W:S FROM MANY LANDS

Scripture text-cards and gospels, and first consideration centered on the minimum supply their native workers with wage and the principles for determining much helpful Christian literature wages, on hours of work and rest, child which is not availabie in the vernac- labor and women '8 labor. The rights of the ular. They also conduct an English worker were streaaed as it was clear that the day school and a night schooL The conference stood for these. But it realized latter is regularly attended by seven- that a sudden jump to ideal {londitions, teen Buddhist young men, who are such as an eight·hour day, would dislocate now reading the Gospel by St. John. industry and make more evils than it cured. In addition to this, various services The findings therefore claim the rights of are regularly held in English. Of one the worker while advising a gradual progress part of their work Mr. Ker writes: towards their full expression in industrial "One colporteur came to a village law and custom. where the headman angrily forbade him to sell. The colporteur, however, Chinese Home Mia,oionary Work was tactful enough to engage the headman in conversation about the GospeL DR. C. Y. CHENG, General Secre- So interested did the latter become tary of the National Christian that he finally bought several gos,pels Council of China, writes as follows of for himself and promised to read the loyalty and steadfastness of purthem. On it later day when the col- pose of the Chines.e Christians: " You porteur went that way again, the will be happy to know that, at a time headman himself went with him and when missionaries have evacuated helped him to sell the gospels." from their posts and much of the work of the Church has come to a CHINA AND TIBET standstill, the Chinese Home Mission- ary Society is planning to send out a A Christian EC(Jnomic Oonference new band of missionaries to Yunnan province. The seeretary of the So- FIFTY men and women, almost all ciety, Rev. C. K. Li, is going to ac- of them Chinese, and all actively company four or five new missionconnected with varied aspects of Chi- aries in starting for Yunnan this fall nese indnstrial problems, spent ten of after visiting such centers as Foochow:, the last days of August in conference Amoy, Swatow, Canton and Hongin Shanghai considering the general kong, visiting the churches and meettopic of how to Christianize economic ing church leaders in these centers in relations in their country. The the hope of rousing a greater measure conference was. preceded by investiga- of zeal for this missionarv outreach. tions of industrial and rural condi- We hope to have two medical workers, tions and their relationship to two teachers and one evangelistic principles recognized as Christian. worker among those who go to the Coming as it did at a time when China field. It is very gratifying to know is seething with economic ideas both that these people have decided to serve good and bad, and when international Christ and their fellow-men in that experiments in adjustment of econom- distant place, well-knowing that p<llitic conditions are being tried out, the ical upheaval and open banditry are conference had more than ordinary awaiting their coming. It is very insignificance. One of the most helpful spiring to read the letters these people visitors at the conference was Ka- wrote to us offering their services for gawa, the noted Christian leader of the evangelization of the Southwest." social and economic reforms in Japan. In rep<lrting some of the considera- Ohlnese Debt to Mission Schools tions and results of the conference Dr. Henry T. Hodgkin, secretary of the REV. E. N. FORSTER, of the Prot- National Christian Council writes: estant Episcopal Mission in Yang- chow, Kiangsu Province, writes of Three main divisions were followed, in· the government regulations regarddustry, agriculture, social thinking. Iu the ing religious instruction and services as "a deliberate thrust at the Chris-

tian schools." He continues: "They preached for three nights in Osaka to have no applicability to schools con- audiences which averaged three thou- ducted by Buddhists, Mohammedans, sand. Most of the Imperial household or Taoists, which do not exist so far is now Christian. There are 180 as I know. A great many of the Chi- Christians in the social service depart- nese who have studied abroad have ment of the Tokyo imperial govern- directly or indirectly benefited by mis- ment. The newspapers have become sion school education, so that they are as friendly to Christianity as to Bud- not pure products of their own civil- dhism. I am optimistic over the fu- ization, culture, and training, as many ture of true Christianity in Japan."

people in Europe and America who are fascinated by their brilliant intel- Won by Newspaper Evangelism lects and suave manners are fond of REV. HARVEY W. BROKAW, believing. Many of these young men D.D. and his wife have been misand women, though they claim that sionaries in Japan since 1896. Mrs. Christianity has no power in the West, Brokaw writes of two callers at their nevertheless know in their hearts that home in Kyoto one recent Sunday the thing which has given Christian afternoon-" a young man and womschools in China their preeminence is an, both school teachers but from diftheir Christian character: the integ- ferent places, both thirty to forty rity of those who have administered them, and the integrity of character miles out in the mountainous country districts of this prefecture. There is which they tend to develop in the stu- no church near either one of them. dents. There is a large group of sub- They had become Christians through stantial Chinese, merchants, gentry, newspaper and correspondence evanetc., who have no hesitation about ad- gelism. This is what Dr. Brokaw calls mitting this, and are anxious to send his specialty. But I think his real their sons and daughters to Christian specialty is getting land and church schools in preference to government buildings and manses, and pushing schools because the latter in many churches up to self-support. He says cases produce slipshod education, that is the most fundamental thing a morals, and character in the students missionary can do. Through this who attend them." newspaper evangelism, with its course JAPAN-KOREA of study leading up to baptism, these two fine young people had become Kagawa on Christianity in Japan Christ.ians and wished to be bap- AN INTERVIEW with Rev. Toyo- tized. " hiko Kagawa, Japan's foremost social reformer, has been reported in Building· a Japanese C.hurch T the Christian Century. When asked HE efforts that Japanese Chris- tians are making to build churches the Question, "What progress is Christianity making in Japan?" he made in their communities. are praised by the following reply: "Not a great Rev. Charles W. Iglehart, Metho- number of people are entering thc dist missionary in Hirosaki, who churches, but never before has the says: "There is a little town called spirit of Jesus been so widespread and Tanabu with .iust a handful of mem- powerful as it is now. The successive bers, who decided a year ago to have a misfortunes which have befallen church, and who came to me with the Japan have made her introspective request that I find a yen for every and humble. Weare dissatisfied with one they could raise. I never thought the philosophy of materialism and are they would get enough to build a turning to more spiritual bases of liv- church, but when they got through, ing. The writings of Emerson, Tho- more than two hundred non-Chris- reau, Tolstoi, Whitman and Dumas tians wert) signed up for the new are being widely read. I recently Methodist church! I dedicated the

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

trim, pretty little building, when they Our leper congregation is a really good going Christian concern. Two read the financial report I learned Sabbaths ago I had the happy privithat they had actually raised double lege of admitting by baptism fortytheir quota-two yen for everyone four lepers to the membership after they had asked me for-and said about a year's probation as catechunothing about it to me. At that serv- mens. and a searching examination ice men from most of the best homes in essential points of Christian docin town were there to show their trine. Some of our discharged lepers, moral support of the Christian move- finding it impossible to get any other ment. I looked into their faces, won- place to live in, set up a village of dering which might prove to be an- their own about half a mile from the other Nicodemus, or Joseph of home, and one of the first things they Arimathea. "

did was to set about building a 'New Power for Korean Leaders church."

REV. W. SCOTT of the United ISLANDS OF THE SEA Church of Canada writes; "Un- Pioneering in Papua. til a few years ago all mission funds were administered by the missionary THOUGH the achievements in in charge without any reference to twenty-five years of Australian the autonomous Korean presbyteries. Methodist missionaries among the Then followed a period when the mis- people of the New Britain archipelago sionary sought the advice of the pres" were referred to in the October REbytery and its committees. Last year VIEW, Rev. J. H. Margetts of the same we took the further step of transfer- mission writes of "half-wild nomads ring all evangelistic funds direct to coming in from their mountain fastthe presbytery, to be administered by nesses. " A layman who is in charge that body, the missionary sitting in of the work on another island writes: the presbytery-as he does-.:.-on the " A number of new teachers from Mal- same basis as his fellow Korean pres- akuna and Raluana Circuits enabled byters. This year we have decided to 11S to open up the Kaiamo section with invite the presbyteries to cooperate three teachers, two of whom we with us in a general board which shall placed inland. As this section was deal with all matters relating to evan- practically unknown by the white man gelistic and educational work carried or any outside natives, we had to exon directly with mission funds. The plore 'for these inland villages. having duties of this general board will finally only vague details to go on. We have be decided in conference with the been pleased to discover twenty-five presbytery representatives, but we villages, one of over 300 population feel that it should prepare estimates and several of about 100 each….. for presentation to the home board. Many heathenish customs have been and "decide upon the distribution of discovered among these people, some all funds granted by the latter for of the worst known on the Gazelle general work purposes. The board Peninsula fifty years ago still existing will be composed of an equal number in the inland villages of Nakanai toof Koreans and missionaries." day."

Christian Zeal of Lepera Filipinos Great Bible Readers T HOUGH the leper home in Fusan, BEFORE ·the American flag flew Korea, has cared for five hundred over the Pilippine Islands, the lepers during the past year, the super- only way to get a Bible in, as one intendent, J. N. Mackenzie, an Aus- writer points out, was to smuggle it. tralian, reports; " We have never had The latest figures, however, compiled to turn away so many pitiful and by the PhiliPllines Branch of the helpless cases in any previous year … American Bible Society show that

there are more than 2,000,000 Bibles as one of the greatest steps made in in use throughout the archipelago. recent years toward unity between The Bible holds a 'unique place in the the two groups. The conference life of the Filipino people. Millions was part of the bi-centennial celebraof Filipinos seldom read any other tion of the founding of Log College, book and many of them believe the the original Presbyterian educational Bible is the only real book in the institution in the United States. Its universe. The annual distribution purpose was not the discussion of of the Bible in the Islands is greater church unity, but the singleness of than the' combined circulation of all purpose and cordiality of feeling newspapers, exceeding 125,000 copies which prevailed led the churchmen to annually. No other hook has attained remark that an excellent basis had a circulation in excess of 1,000 a year. been provided upon which to press More than one third ()f these Bibles for complete union. The meeting was are in English, the others being in the first of its kind held since the various native dialects. Most of them separation at the time of the Civil have been printed in Manila since the War. earthquake in Japan destroyed the plates, and the work constitutes the Missionary Furlough Cottages first publishing done in the Islands. SOME years ago a Pennsylvania NORTH AMERICA medical missionary society es- tablished some cottages at Ventnor, Aim. of Men's Church League N. J., near Atlantic City, for the US;) of missionaries, on furlough. The A CAMPAIGN to pledge 1,000,000 work was first undertaken thirty- laymen who are members of Prot- seven. years ago as an aid to medical estant churches of all faiths in the missionary students. In 1909 a cot- United States and Canada, each of tage was, bought for the use of mediwhom will promise to try to win to cal misRionaries returned on furlough the Christian life at least one other with no home in view. Other cottages layman every year "until the whole have since been added until now there world is evangelized," was launched are five. The missionaries are allowed in New York City September 15th by to use these for a month at a time in the Men's Church League at a session the summer free of rent or during the called to reorganize that body. The school period each winter. The chairoriginal organization was formed in man of the cottage work is Mrs. John 1924. A budget of $20,000 was W. Patten, 26 Pine Street, Philaadopted, of which $5,000 to $6,000 had delphia, Pa. The charge for upkeep already been pledged. Frank H. llilb- is twelve dollars a month per cottage. son, a New York business man, whose Their expenses are paid from volunhome is in Elizabeth, N. J., was elected tary contributions. Each of these cot- President. He is an elder in the West- tages is fully equipped and they are minster Presbyterian Church, Eliza- greatly enj()yed by the occupants. beth, where he has for a long time been practicing the "win-one-a-year" doc- Y. M. C. A. Foreign Work trine. Dr. J. Campbell White, Vice President of the Biblical Seminary, T HE wide interests of the Young was elected General Secretary. If he Men '8 Christian Associations of accepts he will resign the latter office. the United States were presented to the members of the National Council, Step Toward Presbyterian Unity at the fourth annual meeting held in Chicago October 24th to 28th. The A CONFERENCE, between educa- Foreign Division reported briefly: Continuance of work in China has . tional leaders of the Northern been difficult because of radical and and Southern branches of the Pres- anti-Christian attacks, while the Asbyterian Church held in Philadelphia on October 5th, was hailed by officials

sociation exists nationally as a prin- that though the authorized strength cipal stabilizing force; the.rapanese of the corps is 149, only eighty-four Association is heroically meeting earth- chaplains are at present in the service. quake rehabilitation and economic Only a few of the men come to church crisis problems; the Philippine Asso- on board ship because they desire to ciation has expanded beyond Manila to worship. Others come out of personal the provinces; a national Association loyalty to the chaplain or to hear a movement is coming in Egypt; in good sermon. 'L'he chaplain therefore, India the Association is increasingly limited as he is by the resources of commanding young men'8 confidence shipboard, must be an exceptionally religiously; the leaders of the move- good preacher or an exceptionally ment in South America are over- good friend, or both, in order to win whelmed with demands for extension the initial interest of men to the into new countries, while in Europe Gospel. Last year, statistics show, the Y. M; C. A. is spreading good 5610 divine services, were held by will. chaplains in the Navy, and 35,660 men at some time received communion; Radio Missionary in Alaska there were 22,000 attendants at Sun- day school, and 24,000 at Bible classes; THE farthest north broadcasting yet the total number of men from the station in America is at Anchor- Navy joining any church during the age, Alaska, and the generosity of a year was only 189. It is suggested group of people in the community has that in this year, when evangelism and made possible the broadcasting every evangelistic campaigns are being Sunday of the evening service at the urged by several denominations, Presbyterian Church. The pastor American Christians may well pray writes: "We consider our broadcast- for the Navy chaplains and the men ing program our main missionary to whom they minister. movement, the most effective thing within our power in this our great Negro Young People Teaching new day of development in 'the last frontier'-Alaska. Word has come BETWEEN four and five thousand from many places in Alaska, and far pupils of Negro Presbyterian beyond, that all of the programs schools in the South served voluntabroadcast by the station are heard rily last summer in teaching and orperfectly and are very much enjoyed. ganizing Sunday schools. Growth both I have met a number of people from in number and in quality of Sundaydifferent places in the territory who schools has been one of the most enhave remarked, 'We listen to your couraging developments in the colored church service every Sunday night, work of the Presbyterian Church durand we usually have our house full ing the past few years. "In North of friends listening with us.' They re- Carolina, " writes Rev. Frank C. port from many distant places, in- Shirley, Sunday-school missionary, cluding Hl1dsons Bay Company sta- "the next few years will show an untions along the Arctic coast ani! em- precedented growth of our schools in ployees in government and territorial Sunday-school e:ffi:ciency. The ~chool educational centers where no regular of methods conducted each summer religious services are provided." has given the people of the local churches a vision of the possibilities Ihriritual Need in the Navy of the local church parish. Calls are coming even now for the setting up of SPECIAL prayer has been asked by the' Presbyterian program for young a Home Mission Board secretary people,' and advice is being sought by for the men of the U. S. Navy and for those planning to build on how best the chaplains in the service. Recent to house the Sunday-school. Other communications from the captain of churches are asking for children's the chaplain corps of the Navy show

divisioM that will have the,ir own support of the church are actually worship services and a special place to themselves in need. This situation meet. This year has broken all pre- arises from the fact that Cuba is a vious records in daily vacation Bible country of one crop, sugar, and today schools. 'Five years ago we had to go the price is below the cost of produc- into the schools and virtually beg a tion. In Cuba at present it takes chance to do this or that; today they three pounds of sugar to buy one are begging us to come." pound of potatoes. Notwithstanding this discouraging economic situation, To Evangelize Navajo Indians the churches in Cuba are more and THE new program of evangelization more showing a truly evangelistic of the Navajoes which "finds its center in the Presbyterian Mission, spirit and are striving, so far as they Ganado, Arizona, contemplates the establishment of five new outstations. are able, to keep their work develop- In the district surrounding these ing. Fkequent services of prayer stations are one hundred trading among his people during the past stores to which the Indians go for summer have, Mr. Fuentes reports, supplies. It is the plan to bring the resulted in excellent church attendgospel message to the constituency of ance, despite the frequent rains which each of these stores once a year and usually detract from summer attendthus it is hoped in five years to evan- ance; and the Sunday-school which gelize the whole tribe of 30,000 Nava- during the best season of the year is rarely two hundred, reached that record for several successive Sundays.

joes. " Scores of Indian young people," says Rev. F. G. Mitchell, who Colombia's So-Called Prophet M directs this work, "come back from ISS MARGARET DOOLITTL,E, Presbyterian missionary at Carthe different non-reservation schools with eighth grade and high school tagena, Colombia, tells of a recent training to be re-submerged in heath- visit to a little village which had enism. The atmosphere into which sprung up only the year before, bethey return should be modified by the cause of an unknown man who mysestablishment of these community cen- teriously appeared and who was ters where they may keep in touch called "The Prophet." He bathed with the civilizing influences out of in a little stream in this remote rewhich they have come. They need a gion, and the people styled the water place to bathe and launder their miraculous, and believed that all who clothes have their hair cut and see a came to bathe in its waters would be magazine occasionally, use the sewing cured of their infirmities. Because of machine and other facilities which the superstiti{)ns of the people, its cannot be given them in their homes. " fame increased until, from a radius For this Navajo work the Presbyte- of many miles, came men and women rian Board of National Missions is suffering from all the ills of mankind. planning to devote $50,000 of the fund Houses were built rapidly, and the to be raised this year by the Presby- little village thus formed was called terian Church in honor of the 125th Santa Ines. A roof of grass covers anniversary of National Missions. the Roman Catholic altar, and there is a charge of twenty cents for every LATIN AMERICA candle lit and for" Our Father" said Faithful Oaban Christlans before the altar. " We parked our T HE -economic situation of the car near the stream, and in view of people of Cuba is, very pressing the altar, and there we had our right now, says the Rev. J. A. Fuentes, service, " writes Miss Doolittle.

pastor of the Presbyterian Church at "Many of these people are hungering Cabaiguan, Cuba. People who were for the bread of life; and oh, how formerly good contributors to the they enjoyed the simple preaching!

NEWiS FR.OM MANY LANDS

As one man listened, the tears ran off his debt. The administrator was greatly down his face, but his eyes shone as he surprised at such an unheard-of thing, and heard the good news." of course was delighted. Then Roman told him the thing which had made him return, Cuban Peddlers Gives Gospels of how .JeSUB Christ had come into his heart and had made him want to do the right P ELLON, formerly a soldier, but til ing. Upon being asked for permission to now a peddler of tinware in the hold services on the plantation, the adminis· city of Santa Clara, Cuba, is witness- b'ator readily granted it. ing for Christ in a unique way. It is the custom in Cuba for the mer- Peruvian Bible Students chant to give some trivial article to each customer who makes a purchase. ABIBLE Convention, held for four This is called the contra. Pelion has days in Lima, Peru, is thus deconsecrated this old custom to a mis- scribed by John R,itchie: "Several sionary purpose. When the woman native and foreign preachers and laywho has just bought a pan demands men took part in the varied program. her contra he gravely hands her a The 7 A. M. prayer meeting was held small gospel. If she protests that daily. The morning session was deshe has no use for that, he will voted to a series of Bible studies. earnestly say: "But you do not know Senor Aldama gave a course on 'Bible the value of it! This is the most Teaching Perverted by Romanism,' precious thing in the world." Down the writer, a course on 'The Gift of upon her doorstep he will sit, to show God: Eternal Life.' The afternoon her the exceeding great value of his sessions were given to methods of contra. So is the Gospel preached Christian work and problems of from house to house as PelIon sells Christian life, such as 'The Christian his wares to the housewives of Santa Conception of Woman and her place Clara. When Pelion was asked to in the Home, the Church, and Sopose for a picture with his little cart ciety' (a matter on which both sexes and donkey, he would not be content need education in our native con~re· unless he might have his hands filled gations), and 'Our Relations with with his tracts and gospels, for, said and Attitude towards the Anticlerical he, "This is my real business." Forces in the Country.' The evening meetings were mainly evangelistic. A GuateDlalan Onesimus On the next to the last evening eleven persons were baptized on confession ROMAN MACU, a new Guatemalan of faith in Christ. The closing Res- worker, is called "a modern sion was a call to personal effective Onesimus" by W. C. Townsend of consecration. " Panajachel, who thus tells his story: One of Venezuela's ProbleDls When he was converted he was a runaway , 'peon. ' , He owed money on two planta- A MISSIONARY in Venezuela reo tions and had run away from each. When ports the following conversation Christ came into his heart he couldn't with his Spanish teacher, who is also stand the thought of being a fugitive from a pastor: "He asked me, 'How do justice for fraud. He returned to the last you address a woman in your Sundayplantation from which he had escaped, and school classes in the States who is an gave himself up. When the debt had been unmarried mother ~ Is she milled paid he told his boss he was going to quit. "Miss" or "Mrs."?' When I told The man told him he was too valuable a him that we probably never have to workman to be spared. He even offered face such a problem, he could scarcely him a better job, but Roman refused it, understand it. At the Session meetsaying he would have to go and pay ing the· other evening three of the off another debt. Leaving his wife, he candidates for membership were journeyed to the other plantation. When young mothers of this type who, behe presented himself the administrator did cause of hearing the Gospel, have left not remember him, it had been so long the men with whom they were living. since he had run away. Roman told him that he was sorry for what he had done and said that he had come back to work

For a woman to set out by herself to give practical assistance to students in earn ,a living for her children is not need in any part of the world, irrean easy task in this country. But it spective of race, color, creed or nationcan be done if the Holy Spirit is pres- ality. Through its initiative a great ent in the heart. " many self-help activities have been promoted, such as clubs, hotels, refec- GENERAL tories and employment bureaus. Its annual conference held this year in World'. Week of Prayer Switzerland, brought together 150 students representing thirty-three na- T HE first seven days of 1928 will tionalities. be observed in more than fifty countries as a week of prayer. Since COMING EVENTS 1846 the World's Evangelical Alliance has sent out each year from its ON DECEMBER 2ND, in New York City, headquarters in London a call to the Trustees of the Near East Colleges wil'l united prayer by followers of Christ give a dinner at which President Augell, in every land. This year the Federal Dean Gildersleeve of Barnard, and Rev. Council of the Churches of Christ in Harry EmerB<ln Fosdick, D.D., will be among America has joined in the call, stat- the speakers. ing, "The supreme need of the hour is for a personal experience in the ON DECI!1MBER 4TH, Universal Bible Sunthings of, God. ' , The daily topics day will be observed as the 118th anniversuggested are: Monday, Thanksgiv- sary of the founding of the New York Bible ing and Humiliation; Tuesday, The Sunday. Universal Church; Wednesday, Nations and Governments; Thursday, ON DEcEMBER. 4TH Golden Rule Sunday Missions; Friday, Families, Schools will be observed by "frngal dinners" and and Universities; Saturday, Home contributions in the interest of the Near Missions and the Jews. For sermons and addresses on the opening Sunday, East Relief. .January ] st, the following texts are DEOEMBER 11TH-12TH the Lord's Day Alliproposed: ance of the United States will celebrate its "Incline your ear, and come uuto me: thirty-ninth anniversary. hear, and your soul shall Jive" (Isaiah 55. 3). "Let not your heart be troubled: ye DECEMBER 14~'H-18TH the Interdenomibelieve in God, believe also in Me" (John national Council on Spanish-Speaking Work 14: 1). "Ye are My friends, if ye do whatsoever I command you" (John 15: will meet in San Antonio Texas. 14). ".Ve preach not ourselves, but Christ ON DEOEMBER 27TH-28TH there will be Jesus the Lord" (2 Cor. 4: 5). held in Detroit, Michigan, a National Con· International Student Service ference of Theological Stndents. The theme will be "Fellowship Among the Churches." THOSE who remember the early It is promoted by the National Council of days of the World's Student Chris- the Y. M. C. A. tian Federation which was founded in 1895 with the motto, "Ut Omnes DECEMBER 28TH-JANUARY 2ND the Student Unum Sint," may not realize that the Volunteer Movement for Foreign Missions executive committee of the Federation will hold its tenth quadrennial convention in now has an American president; Irish and Indian vice-presidents; a Dutch Detroit. treasurer; Swiss, French, New Zea~ JANUARY 1 TO 7, 1928 will be observed a. land and American Secretaries; and Chinese,. South African, French, New the Universal Week of Prayer. Programs Zealand and American committee may be secured from the Federal Council of members. An important instrument of Chnrches, 281 Fourth Ave" New York. the Federation is the International Student Service, which is a sort of JANUARY 6-10, 1928 the Federation of "work-fellowship," a body ready to Woman's Boards of Foreign Missions will meet in Atlantic City, N. J.

JANUARY 10-13, 1928 the Foreign Missions Conference will hold its annual meeting in Atlantic City, N. J_ JANUARY 15-19, ]928 the Third Conference on the Cause and enre of War will be held in Washington, D. C.

JANUARY 20-22, 1928 a conference on "Comity and Cooperation" wit! be held in Cleveland, Ohio, under the auspices of the Home Missions Council, the Council of Women for Home Missions and the Federal Council of Churches"

JANUARY 28-30, 1928 will be observed ..

"Child Labor Day" for the twenty.first time. Posters and leaflets may be secnred from the National Child Labor Committee, 215 Fourth Ave., New York.

MISSIONARY

Any books mentioned in these Ilolumns will be forwarded by us on receipt of price- THE REVIEW. • Fifty Golden Years. The First Half Cen- viewpoint, and recognize the necessity tury of the Woman's American Baptist Home Mission Society. 1877-1927. Bertha for corresponding changes in methods Grimmell Judd. lUus. 281 pp. 60 cents, paper; $1.00, cloth. New York. 1927. of work, yet fail to react to the same . ~his. record (Jf a half century is a situation from a missionary stand- VIVId pIcture of the labors and achieve- point. Some clear, up-to-date informents of hundreds of women. The story is. told topically and by fields- mation concerning these changing evangelism among Negroes, Indians immigrants, and in Cuba, Porto Rico: conditions with indicated changes or BanadptCiset ntMrailssAiomnaerryicaT; raeidnuicnagtioSn~h(tJhoel in Chicago in which many of the work- adaptions of policies, seems badly ers were prepared; Christian centers needed. This is provided in Miss neighborhood and community houses; Burton's missionary study book for 192.1-1928. The author is well able to present the new opportunities, ,new problems, new duties that must be met in the loving sympathetic spirit of the Master. M. A. L.

Christian Americanization; and the Nigeria, the Land, the People and Chris- tian Progress. J. Lowry Maxwell. 156 organization and history of each of the pp. 38 6& London.

organizations which have shared in This in the World Dominion Survey Series is a survey of an the financial support. important section of Africa. It's attractive type, and with proper The author has attempted to men- headings for all sections, help to make it a satisfactory handbook on Nigeria tion hundreds of missionaries and -The Land, the People, the Customs, the History, the Commerce and the scores of institutions of various gkoinudns~ Religion. Part II presents five short so that no faithful work shall chapters on the origin and problems of Protestant missions; the societies recorded. The effect is almost that of at work; a summary of the Christian forces; the occupation of British a catalogue, but so well has the con- Cameroons; and the facts about Bible translation and circulation. densation been done and so many are There are three folding maps, a the concrete illustrations and inci- dozen pages of statistical tables, and dents" that not only do the general a Calendar of Important Missionary Events. To carry the Gospel throughachievements of the Society stand out out the vast territory of Northern and Southern Nigeria, there are 525 misbut the reader is led to see how many sionaries, with nearly 5000 native workers, and there are 102,000 comdevoted, courageous lives have con- tributed to the whole and how the best results have been in thousands of transformed lives rather than in piles of brick and mortar or in bare statis- tics. K. S. L.

New l'aths for Old Purposes. Margaret E. Burton. 204 pp. $1.00. New York. ]927.

. "Protestant missions are experiencmg the most pronounced transition they have yet undergone." It seems municants. Protestant mission work strange that so many minds appreciate was begun in 1842 and there are now the marked and rapid changes among fourteen missionary agencies there.

the people of other lands from a com- We give thanks as we read: "The mercial, political or international rapid and striking progress in this 6 961

field constitutes one of the great tion, austerities and enlightenment; triumphs in the progress of Christ's the first preaching, spread of the doc- Kingdom. The fact that this great trine and legends of his twenty years'

work has arrested the advance of wandering; the rival .schools of Deva- Mohammedanism among the pagan datta and Ajatasattu; the last days; tribes is of great encouragement." and the establishment of the Order.

(Page 77) "The events of the past The chapters that follow are even twenty five years point to the con- more important as an account of origclusion that the hunger after God is inal Buddhism: Buddhism as a religincreasing. Its paganism is utterly ion, and as a philosophy.; Buddha and satisfying and its Mohammedanism myth; Buddha and history; Budis equally so. Although the primitive dhism and Christianity. In the ap- Moslem community in less advanced pendices, Dr. Thomas has done an districts, is more open to Christian unusually good piece of work in his propaganda than the pagan. God is annotations to the Buddhist Scripin our day calling the lands of West tures of the 'rheravad (Pali) canon, Africa to come and find in Christ the -235 in number-and in the refer- Bread of Life. It would be surpris- ence to works of other schools. But ing indeed if the experience of the even more helpful for non-Pali next few years does not surpass all students is the Bibliography of dis~ our hopes. and justify our wildest cussions and translations in several ventures of faith." European languages.

Two large provinces, and four While the main facts of Buddhist small ones, in Northern Nigeria, with history and doctrine are widely a total population of 2,750,800, are known, many of the items found in still unoccupied by Christian mis- Dr. Thomas's chapters upon "Budsionaries.-F. L. dha and Myth," "Budda and His- The Life of Buddha as Legend and History. tory," and" Buddhism and Christian- By Edward J. Thomas, M.A., D.Litt. ity" are out of the usual order and mus., map, XXIV, 297 pp. New York: deserve a careful reading, particularly Alfred A. Knopft'. 1927. the last chapter. In that he takes up While brief volumes on Buddhism, sixteen of the leading parallels be- written in a popular style by scholars, tween Buddhist legends and the fill a very important place, it is re- Gospel stories, and makes a fairly freshing to see such a work as this clear case against those who argue for which is one of "The History of the incorporation of these legends in Civilization" series. The tendency in the Gospels. This is partly due to recent years has been to depend upon the fact that Seydel's fifty "cogent Pali sources, neglecting Sanskrit, parallels" are reduced by van den Tibetan and Chinese translations. Dr. Bergh to nine, while Dr. Hopkins dis- Thomas pursues. the better plan of cusses only five of these, and Garbe combining with those canons the San- assumes direct borrowing only in the skrit works and to a less extent the case of Simeon, the Temptation, Peter translations of Tibet and China, thus walking on the sea, and the miracle proving that he i~ worthy of Mrs. of the loaves and the fishes, and Rhys David's dictum-" at last fit to Charpentier reduces the entire list to pull down the super-structure and Simeon as the only unobjectionable seek for the man." He has certainly example. Yet the reader, after com- found the man, in large part at least, paring the parallel with the Gospel and here we see his portrait in the story of Simeon in the temple, will original colors. probably agree with our author that The scope of the volume is hinted there are two considerations that at in such chapters as these: Buddha's might lead to a firmer ground, "first- ancestrY, home and family; birth, in- ly, whether there is enough reason to fancy and youth; the Great Renuncia- think that Buddhist legends can have

THB MISSIONARY-LIBRARY

reached Palestine in the first century Holy Spirit as her leader." P. 49.

A. D……,. (and second) the Gos- The book is interesting even to the pels all belong to the first century reader who does not agree with all .A. D. . ….. Even in this case the the author's views. H. A. A.

question whether Indian legends The Credentials of the Cross. N orthcote Deck. 133 pp. 3s. Glasgow. 1927. contributed to the resulting structure is a question of literary history that has never been convincingly decided, These deeply devotional messages and in many cases never seriously from the director of the South Sea considered. " He makes it clear that Evangelical Mission in Solomon we are not justified in holding to any Islands, show the place pf the Cross borrowing by Jesus. The volume in God's plan of the ages. They magnifies Buddhist character, benef- quicken one's faith and inspire one's icent deeds and helpful teachings. servic,e, and give a clearer vision of the meaning of the Cross of Christ H. P. B. and Calvary as revealed in the Bible.

Seven Sunday Night Talks. J. C. Massee. c. B. N. 124 pp. 25 cents, paper; 75 cents, cloth.

Chicago. 1926. The Christ We Know. Arno Clemens Op.e cannot get away from the three Gaebelein. 126 pp. Paper, 25 cents; major appeals of these seven sermons, cloth, 75 cents. Chicago. 1927.

namely, (1) the necessity of Christ as This is an effective answer to "The Man Nobody Knows." The twentythe only Saviour from sin; (2) the nine short articles originally appeared in Our Hope and are as spiritually danger of postponing open and public refreshing as a cool breeze wafted over desert places. The author of the decision for Christ; (3) the inade- volume "The Man Nobody Knows" may find much profit through a study ouacy of any philosophy or religion of ., The Christ We Know." People that discounts or ignores God as the cannot come to know Him by reading only Mr. Bruce Barton's popular source of soul life and soul satisfac- tion. This threefold appeal is stated in forceful language and is supportf~d by scriptural statements and striking experiences. J. MCD.

Pearls, Points and Parables. F. E. Marsh. book. c. B. N.

8 vo. 297 pp. 68. Glasgow. 19'26. The Magic Formula, and other Stories. L. P. Jacks. 367 pp. $2.50. New York. Over two thousand Scripture texts are illustrated or expounded in these 1927.

notes for preachers and Bible teach- Dr. Jacks, editor of The Hibbert ers. They cover some two hundred Journal and head of Manchester Coland fifty subjects and the viewpoint lege at Oxford, is one of the foreis thoroughly evangelical. Excellent most thinkers of today. This volume suggestions are given for Bible read- of twelve stories, selected for .Ameriings, comparing Scripture with Scrip- can readers, are those that he thought ture, and illustrating truths with "most likely, or least unlikely, to poems and anecdotes. have a human interest irrespective of The Letters to the Seven Churches. Jno. time and place." Gibson Inkster. 83 pp. 75 cents. New The opening story which gives title York. 1926. to the book, and which relates a The author's viewpoint is premil- charming discovery of the boy "Wil- lenarian, yet he is fair-minded. He liam X. Plosive," will perhaps appeal sees the Church today impotent be- to as large an audience as any of cause she has lost her first love. This them, and is as tender and elusive as greatest tragedy constitutes the theme Barrie or Hawthorne. The darker side of the book. One finds such striking of Hawthorne is suggested by some of statements as ' ,The Protestant the others. In none of them is the Church . . . never enthroned the love element developed unless in the whimsical Professors Mare and the VIew. For pastors and leaders in equally whimsical" Bracketed First. " schools of missions, this work should prove of especial value.' The general The English rustic, the canny Scot, reader will find in it a new panorama the mystic dreamer of Damascus, and of the world. While the book does others, all come in for their respective not attempt to startle, it does stimshares of the author's sympathy ulate. The task is put in fresh terms, and insight. Theology, metaphysics, and holds the attention by the strong primitive piety, the irony of fate and presentation of the issues and the circumstance, alike pay tribute to his real grasp on facts. discriminating pen.-w. G. H. The chapters are An Adventure in Missionary M.arionette Plays. Martha Rice. Fellowship; The Basis of the Ad- 8vo. 65 pp. Ill. $1.00. Boston. 1927. venture; The Enlarging Horizons of the Adventure; The Adventure in These four playlets, to be given by America; A World Adventure; An Adventurous Task for Our Generachildren, although intended for mar- tion. A carefully selected reading list is appended.-J. F. R. ionette production, could be adapted What Christ Means to Me. Wilfred T. so that parts may' be taken by the Grenfell. 82 pp. $1.25. Boston. 1927.

children themselves. The marionette Dr. Grenfell of Labrador is worthy of the honor conferred upon him as method, however, because of its nov- Companion of St. Michael and St. elty, would probably appeal to the George, for he is a slayer of dragons that menace human lives. Humanichildren .and would make a consider- tarian considerations alone would never be sufficient as a motive for able amount of memorization unneces- such labors. Dr. Grenfell shows that it is the love of Christ that constrains sary. Careful directions are given him. This little book awakens new hope, new faith, new courage, new for the making of scenery, costumes, purpose to live in daily practical fellowship with the Divine Son of puppets, and the necessary mechanism Man who went about accomplishing good.-w. G. IT. as well as illustrations of the stage with characters and scenery. Points Beyond Price-f,or Sunday-school Teachers, Busy Christian Workers, Bible The scenes are laid in India, China, Students, etc. John Gray. 194 pp. 28. Glasgow. 1927. the Philippines, and in Japan, and all are about children. A prayerful, thoull'ht-out compila- tion of illustrative helps and sugges- A friendly interest in the people of tions for Christian workers, whatever their sphere of service, made up of other lands, with a genuine desire to "brief records of servants of God, Bible class and home study subjects, be of service, is what leaders and eye-gate lessons for young people, original ideas for preachers, subjects teachers desire to see in the children for Sunday poetry and tales worth telling. " This attractive, handy-size with whom they work. M. A. L. volume is full of suggestive material for anv Christian worker. The bio- A Guide to the Study of the English Bible. graphi~ sketches of present-day serv- Spence and Cannon. 187 pp. $1.25. ants of God are especially worthy of Nashville, Tenn. 1927. note.

It is hard to become enthused over C. D. N. a syllabus. It is like getting excited about some bare bones. These outlines are an attempt to cover the entire Bible, and are as well done as could be expected in such an endeavor. The value of .such a book depends upon the personality of those who use it, or teach it. The maps are a real help.

– J . F. R.

The Adventure of the Church. Samuel McCrea Cavert. 25'6 pp. 60 cents, paper; $1.00, cloth. New York. 1927.

It would be easy to grow enthusiastie about this pungent little volume -an exeellent epitome of the general program of the Church, from an interesting and up-to-date point of

BOOKS 965 – – – – – – – – – – – – – –

Are Missions a Failure. Charles A. Seldon. DRUMSiathe 270 pp. $2.50. Fleming H. Revell Co. New York. 1927.

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Wilfred Grenfell-The Master Mariner. Illustrated. $1.75 Illustrated. A life of adventure on sea and iee. Basil Mathews. 178 pp. $1.50. Available early ill January: George H. Doran, Co. New York. 1924. LIBERIA OLD AND NEW. James L. Sibley. $1.50 The God of Gold. Arthur E. Southon. 183 • • • • .i THE GOLDEN STOOL. Edwin W. Smith. $1.50 pp. $1.50. Fleming H. Revell Co. New At :your religious bookstore York. 1927. 1.,!.1:11'~' ~!.:.) $11 • The Human Body-Its Source, History and l! Destiny as Told by Its Maker. F. C. Jennings. 206 pp. $1.50. Publishing Let Your GIFT Office "Our Hope." New York. 1927. to Foreign Missions In Storied Palestine. Along the Fascinat. ing Highways of the Holy Land. Rev. PAY YOU John R. Turnbull. 101 pp. Christian Alliance Publishing Co. New York. 1927. a Life Income Lessons from Moses lIible. Illustrations Do you know that you can contribute to the with over 200 engravings and blackboard support of Foreign Missions without sacrificing sketches. Alexander MacKeith. 80 pp. money needed for yourself or others? 28. 6d. Pickering and Inglis. London. 1927. DOl you know that gifts ranging 'from $100 to $65,000 and totaling more than one mil1ion two Overcoming Handicaps. Archer Wallace. hundred and fifty thousand dollars are now held 140 pp. $1.00. George H. Doran C(). by the Board as a reservf31 fund guaranteeing ana New York. 1927. nuity payments?

Pegs for Preachers. Subjects in outline for During the forty years in which the Annuity preachers, workers, students, teachers, etc. Gift Plan haf:: been in operation annufty paya Charles Inglis. 149 pp. 28. Pickering ments have always been made promptly. It guara and Inglis. London. antees the absolute safety of principal. rel1eves you of the uncertainty and worry of investment The Sacred Scriptnres. Concordant version. and provides a definite income of 383 pp. $1.00. Concordant Publishing Concern. Los Angeles. 1927. 4Y..% to 9% per year Stewardship Stories. Guy L. Morrill. 91 for the rest of your life pp. 50c. George H. Doran Co. New York. 1927. Protect YQurselfagainst loss from unwise invest- ments and at the same time send the gospel Truth and Tradition in Chinese Bnddhism. A study of Chinese Mahayana Buddhism. to foreign lands. Karl Ludwig Reichelt. Translated from For further information. write the Norwegian by Kathrina von Wagenen Bugge. 330 pp. $3. Mex. Commercial Ernest F., /Jail, Sec,etary, DepaTime'nt 0/ Annuill•• Press Ltd. Shanghai. 1927.

lIaptist Missionary Society. Annual Report BOARD OF FOREIGN MISSIONS and statement of accounts for the 135th year ending March 31, 1927. 195 pp. The .of the Pte,byterian Church. U. S. A. Carey Press.. London. 1927. liI a:Ii1::1_ _ _..1._S.6..F.i_ft_h_A_v_c_D_u_e_,_N_e_w_Y_o_r_k_ _ _ Please mention THJC MISSIONARY REvmw OF THE WORLD In wrltlni!' to advertlsel'll. Nelson Bibles to Meet Every Need T o choose exactly the right Bible for home, for school, for every purpose, you really should have a Nelson Bible Listover five hundred styles, with every variety of binding, all sizes and all styles of type.

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THOMAS NELSON &. SONS 38SP Fourth Avenue, New York City Please send me a copy of Nelson's Bible Catalog,and the "Wonderful Story of the Bible.') Nama_____________________________________ In addition to yielding you a dependable e Addus.,____________________________________ income, your money performs a great Chris- tian service. It helps provide Bibles to im- migrants in their own language, to seamen, to the sick in hospitals, to prisoners and to OBITUARY the needy blind in raised type. Your money DR. CARL PAUL, of Leipzig, the former goes on doing this good work on earth when director of the Leipzig Missionary Society, you are gone, bringing the Word to those died on October 11, 1927, at hiB home near who hunger for it but cannot get it other- Leipzig, aged seventy. He was one of the wise. most prominent and deserving missionary leaders of Germany, a scion of an old Saxon You can arrange to have your [ible ministerial family. As pastor, he gave his Annuity Bonds pay a yearly income durin'~ time to missionary studies in a way that the life of two people, such as husband and wife, mother and daughter. brought him into prominence in the mission work of Europe. He early succeeded in Find out mope about this Christian Servgathering a eirele of pastors which developed ice investment. Mail the coupon for free into the Saxon Mission Society now 40 years booklet and new rate schedule. old. He was the secretary of this organization until 1911, when he became the successor to Director Van Schwartz of the Leipzig Mission. Later he was appointed professor New York Bible Society of missions at the University of Leipzig, the first professor of missions in his native state. DEPARTMENT 34 In the severe b'ials of the World War, his wise gnidance benefited his own society and Ii East 48th Street, New York was for the advantage· of all German missions. He was also well known as a writer —~——————– on mission subjeets and was in demand as a lecturer on the theory and history of lJlis· New York Bible Society, Dep't. 34, .ions.–C. T. B. 5 East 48th St., New York City. DR. ORVILLE REED, the beloved Recording Gentlemen: Without obligation, please send Me Secretary of the Presbyterian Board of For- descriptive (}amphlets about your Bible Annuit} eign Missions, died at his home in New Bonds. York City on Thursday, November 3d. Dr.

Reed was born in Lansingburg, N. Y., in Name ………………………… Age •…•• 1854. He taught in Robert College, Con- Address ……… , …………•• '" •..•…..••• stantinople, from ]880 to 1883 and subse- City ……. : ……..•…….. State quently was pasta, of cHurches in Spring- field,Mass.,"·and ·Mont-clair. He became associated with the· 'Presbyterian Board in . -l913, –.." . ,….• "-_.,,.-………. -. :. "…… .

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The Missionary Review of the World — February 1926

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Generosity A Captivating Story of India· :'Without Hardship Red· You can give all you have and have an income as Blossoms large, or possibly larger, ISABEL BROWN ROSE than you now enjoy~ In- CI."I would say that it is refresh. vestigate the ANNUITY ingto read a book of an undis. PLAN and learn how. guised missionary flavor, a story at that, in fact a novel, which is Write 10 so human, so convincing as this .in . its appeal;. but which lives , Morn.. W. Ehnea, TreasUrer, Board of Foreign instead of preaching."

Mi..ioD! of the Methodist EpitcopaJ Church.. 15<1, •••Caroline Atwater Mason Fifth Avenue, New York, N. Y., or .. . Cloth, $1.75, W. J. Elliott, Tre..urer, Board of Home Mis. FLEMING H. REVELL COMPANY .ioD! and Chureh Exu,nsion of the MethodiSt Episco_ pal Churoh, 170l' Arch Street, Philadelphia. Pa. New York. 158 Fifth Ave.' .. Chicago. 17;N. Wab"h A"'1- Review of the World DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Eclilor CONTENTS FOR FEBRUARY, 1926 Page FRONTISPIECE …….. SirGNS OF' THE OLD AND THE NEW LIn IN EASTER.N PAPUA THE NEW CRISIS IN CHINA MISSIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PROE'ESSOR Hu SHIH 85 A contribution from a mon-Christian Chinese professor in the National University 'in Peking sent by .Rev. John ,C. Griffith, a missionary of Changte.

HINDRANCES TO CHRISTIANlTY IN CHINA _, . . . . . . . . . . . . JAMES L. ST'EWART 88 A very illuminating disuussWn of the hindrances met by messengers of Christ in China, contributed by the vice-president of the West China Union University of Chengtu, anq, author of " The Lal1,ghing Buddha."

CHRISTIANITY THROUGH THE NEIGHBORHOOD HOUSE …….. _…. . . .. _. _………………. ' ……. , ……. _…….. WILLIAM P. SHRIVER 95 A disuussWn of ways in which Christian neighborhood houses are helping to pre- sent Christ and the Christian Way of Life to communities-especially if!, 7:arge' eities.

SIXTY YEARS IN CHINA ……………………………. HENRY .T. CoWELL 102 The story of the China Inland 'Mission and its great contribution to the evan- gelization of Chinese, especially through pioneer work in the interior.

FUNG HIN LIU OF CANTON …….. _……… _… _.. _……. WILMA DUNTZE 108 The story of a Chinese girl, a pioneer in Ch1'istian education for Chinese women, ana, for a time, a teaoher in Canton Ch'Mstian College.

MISSIONARY WORK IN PAPUA, NEW GUINEA ……… _.. W. E. BROMILOW III A story of the remarkable progress made by the Methodist missionaries of Australia in the evangelization of the savages of New Guinea.

AN APOSTLE TO THE SLUMS OF JAPAN •………………. HELEN TOPP1lm lU The work of Toyohiko Kagawa, the notable Japanese Christian, author and evan- geli8t.

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Robert E. Speer, President Wllliam I. Chamberlain, Vice-President PUbIlcatl!e!:,~~~ ~d ~e~'R'f ~~;~~~~rl.bUrg. Editorial :.~t~u:r:e''::'''~~,Tri;atW!'Ith Avenue, Pa. 260. .. copy $2.60 a year New York· City !Untered .. ,"""ond-class matter at the Post omoe, ,Harrisburg, Pa., under Act or March a, 18711 PERSONALS . . . place, died in Paoning on November 8th.

FRED B. SMITH has been appointed ehair. His death marks the first break in "the man of the Executive Committee of the Cambridge Seven.' J World Alliance for International Friendship DR. WATTS O. PYE, one of tbe outstand· . . through the Churches. ing and mOBt successful missionaries of the American Board in China, died suddenly of MRS. JEA.NNETTE W. EMRICH, for many heart disease in Fenchow, Shansi Province, China, on January 10th. He was born in years a missionary in Turkey, has became a Faribanlt, Minnesota, in 1878 and went to ShanBi in 1907. Dr. Pye trained more than secretary of the Federal Council Commis· three thousand Chinese teachers. The story sion on International .Justice and Goodwill. of his life and work will appear in a later number of the REVIEW. •** * • .. REV. JA.MES H. SPEER, D.D., has beeh ap· pointed by tbe General Council of the Pres. MRS. HENRIETTA T. ROBINSON, widow of byterian Ch urch in the U. S. A. secretary Bishop John E. Robinson of the Methodist of its promotion wOI·k. Episcopal Church, died in Bangalore, India, on December 12th. MRS. ELLA A. BOOLE, for fifteen years DR. RUSSELL H. CONWELL, Baptist head of the W. C. T. U. in New York State, preacher, popular lecturer, founder and president of Temple University, died De· has been elected President of the National cember 6th at the age of eighty·two.

W. C. T. U. *** ** HEV. HOWARD B. DINWIDDIE of Phil- adelphia, field secretary of the Gospel Pio· MISS AMY BLANCHE GREE."1E is now see· neer Agency, promoter of the Victorious Life Conferences, and associated with the retary of the Fellowship for a Christian Christian and Missionary Alliance, died of typhoid fever at Aijal, North East India, Social Order. .. * • On December 28th. Mr. Dinwiddie had re- cently returned from a missionary exploring REV. ROBERT H. GLOVER, of the Moody toUT in South America and had gone to India in the interests of the Pioneer Mis- Bible Institute, is now visiting Central sion Agency and the Christian and Mission- ary Alliance. America, as one of a commission of three appointed at the request of the Council of the Central American Mission.

* .. * OBITUARY BISHOP W. W. CASSELS of West China, the celebration of whose fortieth anniver. sary as a missionary in China recently took May we find tablets of the Pentateuch 1 STUPENDOUS discoveries are opening up in impossible that actual tablets of the Pentathe Holy Land since the World War ex- teuch may be found there.

pelled the Tnrk and a Christian nation was The town has been undisturbed since given control. Professor Melvin Grove Nebuchadnezzar destroyed it 2500 years Kyle, Archeological Editor of The Sunday ago. Remembering that the critics say that School Times, sails this month for an expe- Deuteronomy was not writtcn nntil Josiah's dition to Kirjath-Sepher. a city between Hebron and Beersheba. which flourished time, eight or nine centuries later than when Joshua led the Children of Israel into Moses, it wOl'ld be a bombshell in the camp or the Higher Criticism if any portions of Canaan. Dr. Kyle has had his eye on that city for more than thirty years, for it is not the Pentateuch, dating from Moses' Own day, were found.

,-i~>J> (JuueJ every week) ","

.,o'!.

will contain Dr. Kyle's full report of this expedition. You will want to ..~ 111 let your friends and co-workers know about this momentous opportu- :.'" 40 rBl ~ nity, just ahead, in Biblical research. SUNDAr SCHOOL In addition, every issue of the T'lmes has one of the richest expositions ~0 TIMES COMPANY of Scripture ever offered to the Sunday.school public in W. Graham 'I~ 0 BOI: 1550 ScroggJe's teaching articles on the Gospel of John. This will be fol- ~~?:i. PhiI.del,• • r •. ~~ti~1!;s ~~::g~~es~~;~~~ ~~~~e~e~fs.thsi~e:~n,;~~!t s~~di~;i~ek ~q,~ For the 25 cents enclosed please these two key books, John and Genesis, constitute the Inter- ~ send' The Sunday Scbool Times national Uniform Lesson for the first half of 1926. Subscrip. (;j.e-..l for 10 weeks to tion rates $:.l a year, or $1.50 in clubs of five or more '

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EVANGELIST OF THE KWATO MISSION, PIlEACHING 'rlIj;) OLD LIFE IN WIDeR ENEMIES WERE EATEN AND THE SKULLS WEltE KEPT AS TROPHIES SIGNS OF THE OLD AND THE NEW LIFE IN EASTERNPAPUA

![HE Ml~~IONARY

EVIEW' ORID VOL. FEBRUARY, 1926 NUMBER XLIX TWO The New Crisis in China Missions From a recent article by Professor Hu Shih, Ph.D. of the Chinese National University in Peking showing the point of view of an educated non-Christian Chinese SENT BY REV. .JOHN C. GRIFFiTH, CHANGTE, HONAN, OHINA Honan Mission of the United Church of Canada T HE difficulties which confronted missionary work in China twenty-five years ago have almost entirely disappeared, but there are now new obstacles which are not easily overcome. The first obstacle is the new nationalistic feeling. After the Boxer movement of 1900 many Chinese came to realize that such blind and ignorant reaction is futile. During the first decade of the twentieth century they were non-resistant to foreigners. They lived in constant fear of foreign intervention and the partition of. the country. Though humiliated they remained quiet and patient, not daring to take any positive action.

During the last ten years, however, conditions have altered. The revolution of 1911 and the establishment of the Republic encouraged the Chinese people and awakened in them a consciousness of their nationality. The European war disclosed the true note of Western civilization. The Russian revolution and the fall of Germany and Austria have helped to develop a new spirit in the Chinese. Their fear of Western nations has gradually disappeared. Their nationalistic reaction includes the following aims: 1. The abolition of existing customs regulations, and the development of Chinese industry and commerce.

2. The abolition of Consular jurisdiction, and the trial by Chinese courts of foreigners guilty of crime.

.3. Chinese control of all education.

4: The prohibition of religious propaganda by foreigners.

5. The cancelling 0.£ all special privileges granted to foreigners in China, including extraterritoriality, foreign concessions, and the withdrawal of foreign armies and navies from China. .

85

Dr. Hu Shih concludes this point by saying: "Why is objection taken to religious and educational activities by foreigners 1 It is due to a belief that these are a means of 'cultural imperialism'; that religion is an agent of Imperialism, used to hypnotize people in other lands; and that the Church is the vanguard of Imperialism abroad……. The Boxers were easily put down because theirs was a superstitious and undirected movement, but it would be impossible for any military force to check the present Nationalist movement, because it is deeply rooted in the minds of the members of a great nation. Twenty-five years ago missionaries survived the Boxer crisis. How will they meet the new crisis that faces them nowT"

The second obstacle is the new RationaUsm. "Twenty-five years ago the chief enemy of mission work was ignorance and superstition. Today it is educated rationalism. The Chinese no longer fear lest missionaries boil our eyes to make medicine. We have gradually come to know the principles and the creeds of Christianity, and there are among us people who question its fundamental principles. Some of us ask whether God and the soul do really exist. Since the introduction into China of the modern scientific thought of the West our own philosophy of naturalism has revived. These are two important factors that have produced the new naturalistic movement of today. This attitude is based upon the following convictions: 1. '1'hat the universe with its movements and changes is self-existent, and that there is no necessity to assume a supernatural god or creator.

2. That the cruelty and waste in the struggle for existence among living beings makes it impossible to believe in the existence of a kind and loving God.

3. That human beings are but members of the animal world and that after death their bodies decay. This is but part of the fact of nature and we 'should not be disturbed by it. We should do all we can to build our paradise in this world and not to seek for a heaven after death.

"The fundamental attitude of the new rationalism is critical. It desires doubt before belief. It faces each assertion with the demand for a proof. Although only a small minority of the Chinese people accept the new rationalism its influence and power should not be despised. The Chinese are not a very religious people. Ancient Taoism and the rationalism of the Sung and Ming dynasties were both strongly naturalistic. When Naturalism comes to China from the West it finds a fertile soil and is likely to bear much fruit. In view of this demand for proof, not only the new forms of Taoism face criticism and attack, but also the creeds of Christianity. The missionaries overcame the crisis that arose from the attack of the Boxers twenty-five years ago. How will they face the new crisis~ Will they quietly decline the conflict or will they face it bravely?"

The third obstacle is weakness within the missionary body. To quote again: "Fifty or sixty years ago it was a difficult and dangerous thing for a '~an to be a missionary in China; communica-

THE NEW CRISIS IN CllNA MISSIONS

tions were poor; the language was'difficult; life in the interior among hostile and ignorant people had its risks and there was danger of loss of life. As a result, those who came as missionaries at that time had two marked characteristics. They possessed an extraordinary religious faith and a very strong spirit of self-sacrifice. Without the former they would not have cared to come to China. Without the latter they would not have dared to come. Those who came at that time gave up ease and comfort. Through a process of natural selection they were men of unusual personality. Before the achievements of men like Matteo Ricci, Robert Morrison and others we cannot but bare our heads in silent respect.

"Today conditions are different. Communication is easy. Protection is secured. The customs of the Chinese have changed j life is more comfortable. New missionaries have books to explain the customs of the Chinese people. They have language schools in which to study the language. They are no longer in danger of life. They are assured of comfortable salaries…… .

"Since life has become easier and more comfortable all kinds of people are coming to China as missionaries. At the present time it is not necessary for them to pass the same strict selective process as did the missionaries of several decades ago. Some come to China as teachers who cannot earn a living at home. Some come for recreation, some to have a good time, some to secure Chinese curios. It is not necessary to have a strong Christian faith, or courage, or self-sacrifice. Many members of the missionary body indeed are most admirable persons j but I fear that missionaries today are not selected with the same care as are the managers of the Oil and the Tobacco Companies. Many missionaries are not qualified for their task and are not needed in China. Christian missionaries in the past faced and overcame many difficulties and dangers. How will they face the three which I have mentioned 1"

NEW CHINA IN THE MAKING

to Christianity In

B:Y REV. J. L. STEWART, D.D., CHENGTU, WEST CHINA Vice-President of West China Union University, Editor of the West China Jiissionary News, and Author of "Th~ Laughing Buddha"

W ERE it wise to do so, one might simply tabulate a long list of hindrances to Christianity in China. Or we might take a single deep-seated antagonist such as the ancient philosophy of the Yin and Yang, a discussion of which would require long pages. Let us rather take a cross section of Chinese society, leaving details to volumes already written upon such subjects.

It is customary, according to the ancient Chinese system of classification, to divide all society into four great classes: scholars, farmers, workmen, merchants. A more fantastic yet faithful classification would be to divide all into Bees, Bears, Drones, and Buzzards.

The Bees are the great toiling masses of the people, including farmers, merchants, and workmen. These are the industrial heart of the nation. From the far north by the Amoor to the far south in Annam, from the great port of Canton in the east to the great plain of Chengtu in the west, up and down over watershed and river, are scattered these hives of industry. They are not simple homes for a husband, wife and a few children. They are rather social settlements for a clan, sons and daughters-in-law:, grandsons and granddaughters-in-Iaw, and their children, uncles, aunts, and cousins -and over all some aged great grandfather or great grandmother who is patriarch in chief, the queen bee of the hive.

Each hive is a world in itself. It asks little of the rest of humanity save to be let alone, with the great exception that it wants wives for its sons from other households. The secret of its existence will be found upon investigation to be a small thin board upon which are written the name and dates of birth and death of departed parents. It is the ancestral tablet of tIre clan, and symbol of all their striving. According to the belief of each member of that small colony all the ancestors now are dependent upon the efforts of the present generation for their support in the land of shades. That alone when pondered might keep each restlessly active, but to this is added the thought that some day, soon or late, he too shall shufHe off this mortal coil and must then be dependent upon his sons' sonsl for his support. Should then this line of descent ever cease, only a struggling, starving eternity awaits him. Who can face such a prospect with indifference' The thought appalls each. The paramount aim must be posterity. But for posterity to prosper there must also be property. These two, posterity and property, then are the purposes in life for each small colony. For it the workers come and go, may even wander far to east and west; but they never forget 88 the small tablet and the old home. Thither flow their fondest hopes and their funds, thither their corpses are carried over land and sea for burial, and thither their children will come, bearirig sacrifices for their support in the land of shades.

What is the Christian missionary to do in the presence of such a problem as that ¥ If he could assure the people that if they would but be believers in the true God their business would undoubtedly prosper, their crops would be abundant, their flocks would multiply, grubs would not destroy their vegetables, nor disease their cattle and children, above all could he assure them that sons would be born in ever-increasing numbers, then he would be eagerly heard and be given that warmth of w:elcome which the East can extend. Their own gods promise them all these things. . Why should they change for an unknown, untested, foreign god1 Their fathers before them followed along these lines and the family has at least continued to exist, if not flourish, until today. Would these ancestors ever forgive them,·would they ever forgive themselves, if now they should take this venture and risk and perhaps lose all~ More preposterous still, this foreign religion actually demands that the worship and support of these ancestors be given up. 'What blasphemy! What unnatural doctrine contrary to the very nature of things I What terror to those passing away today should such a teaching succeed some future day! Is it wonder then in the face of this, that as yet Christianity has won no great victories among the farmers, the merchants, the workmen of the land ¥ Ancestor worship is a great and a grim adversary.

Under the BeMs may be included the students, gentry and officials. They differ from the former class in knowledge, power, purpose, organization. They form the educated head of the natio~. This in itself is power. Furthermore, membership in it is necessary for eligibility to official position with all its emoluments, honors and opportunities. It is the dream of each member of this class to see himself someday a magistrate, a prefect, a governor-general, or some other of the ten thousand times ten thousand officials invented to give the indigent relative and friend a livelihood. Naturally this class produces nothing. They hover about the hives. These they give what measure of protection from others they must to keep the hives at peace. But at bottom the chief purpose of the protection is that more honey may be had for themselves. The hives are their legitimate prey. "Keep the bees busy and beneath your power. Squeeze all the honey you can by every scheme you can. Do it quickly before another ousts you." These seem to be the injunctions which the century-old system has instilled. It is true that there .are some, men of real patriotism and self-sacrifice. But they are the exception, not the rule; and even they are. ofttimes powerless in the presence of such a system. To get government position means

honor, power, wealth; which in turn means property and posterity. What is their attitude when the appeal of Christianity is pre- sentedT Here again are antagonisms: intellectual, moral, social, political.

Intellectually it is true that there is a great revolution going on. Let no one minimize its meaning. It is one of the great and effectual doors now open, and we must enter wit.h all earnestness, with all wisdom. Young men are eagerly seeking and securing at least a smatt.ering of the sciences. They are also studying Western law, history, social systems. But the general tendency at t.his stage, here as elseWhere, is to break wit.h old canons and moral sanctions before newer and better can be bestowed. Thus to ridicule all religion and talk patronizingly of the falsity of all fait.hs, to dispense with all morality, is popular with the majority of the youth of college and middle school age. Some, especially returned students from Japan, favor Christianity. Unfortunately, a study of recellt events would force the conclusion that this attitude has been more commonly a matter of political policy than of conscience. Their morals when they sit in the seats of the mighty have brought small credit either to themselves or to the Christian cause.

The great majority of this class cannot but be, consciously or unconsciously, Confucian to the core. Each has repeated whole books in boyhood even before he knew the sense of a single sentence. Since then he has memorized essays, commentaries, principles. He is steeped, saturated with its system and sayings. He cannot get away from it because he cannot get away from himself. It has moreover come to him with the authority of antiquity: it has guided his fatherland throughout long centuries while as yet the West was savage and pagan; it has stood the test of time. Why cast it aside for a newer, later system, which though it may help others, may not be adapted to the masses of the Middle Kingdom T Then, too, Confucius refused to discuss things pertaining to gods. Was he not right T The god myths of Taoism and Buddhism are but old fables fit only for grandmothers. And Christianity also pins its faith to t.he gods. Why believe new superstitions any more t.han the old? Thus is his intellect saturated and circumscribed.

So too, his moral ideals present their antagonisms. Though theoretically the ethics of the East also point out the dangers of certain vices, still the scholar, the gentleman, the official, may within reasonable limits relax with impunity. He may drink. Indeed no hospitality is complete without it i' and now especially for,eign wines and whiskeys are the proper thing. He may' smoke. Formerly this included opium. Now that must be done secretly. However, the cigarette has become an almost equal curse. He may gamble. The idle, subtle, sedentary pastime with its passion for unearned profits appeals to tens of thousands. Fat.her and sons, women and girls

1926J HINDRANCES T'O CHRISTIANITY IN CHINA

are at it, always at it, in private home, in barracks, in the back rooms of public buildings. The republic, if anything, is worse than the old empire in this. He may lie. Who would be so stupid as to speak the truth, or especially be encumbered and embarrassed by it, when a glib fabrication ",ill answer1 And who will reprove him? His friends, even his father, would upbraid him as a stupid dolt should he speak the truth when a lie might save the situation. He may, provided he can afford it, have concubines; indeed if his true wife gives him no son, it is his duty to take this or other means, such as adoption, to secure offspring. Does not the classical dictum declare, " There are three ways of being unfilial. 'ro be sonless is the worst"? That sets the moral sanction. It requires only sensuality to suggest extravagant multiplications.

Politically, he may sell justice, take bribes, work out ingenious schemes of squeeze. Little legitimate salary goes with public positions. In fact it is hopelessly and acknowledgedly inadequate. Add to this that large sums have probably been given to secure the post, arid that the nominal salary is filched by fines from higher circles; and what is to be done save to squeeze honey from the hives 7 Probably stronger still, is the social bond. First, family ties in the Orient are fixed, tenacious. The ordinary church member, as we shall see, is usually of low social position. To associate with such would be for the scholar loss of caste. Possibly most tenacious of all are the political aspirations. To be an official, to hold a place in the great government system, is the restless ruling passion in each breast. But to secure such is a matter of endless adjusting of pressures, political pull, face, all of which spells social standing. To be a Christian is to cut one's self off from a circle of friends, to abandon probable prestige, to sign one's political death Warrant. For a flaring, fitful day during the Revolution, the Christian was, it is true, much in eVidence and in power. But the reaction has all but utterly ousted him.

Against all these intellectual, moral, and social defects, Christianity utters her steadfast and strenuous protest. But it is not easy to win men even in Europe and America from these ,political appeals, social ties, saturations of doctrine, lusts of life. Would a Chinese teacher calling upon us to obey in the name of Confucius win many of our university students, government officials, or men of higher culture' Somewhat similar is the difficulty for the missionary. The foreigner finds the subject of religion avoided if possible. If the topic is intruded, he is listened to courteously and agreed with, for that is due a guest. But secretly the matter il'> often one for levity, ridicule, scoffing. It is admitted that the Westerner has learned many things about the manipulation of materials. Indeed he is quite ingenious when it comes to making machines ; and his scientific discoveries are eagerly to be found out and filched. But when it comes

to his ethical and especially his religious theories, then Confucius, not Christ, is still the teacher. Yes, among these intellectual classes of the nation there are many and mighty adversaries.

There are still the Drones and the Buzzards, two other dass~s of society among China's millions. They are the "sluff-off" from the workers and the rulers. Of the Drones some are poor students, both financially and intellectually, who can :find neither hope nor market for their semi-scholarship. Some are small merchants whose business has failed. Some are simple workmen looking for a job.

These are largely weak, yet not wholly worthless. Indeed some are quite worthy. Of these the Church has many. Into their discour- aged, despairing souls she brings a new hope, a new joy, a new courage; and saves them to themselves, to society, to the Kingdom of God.

And last there are the Buzzards, who are the outcasts because of moral, social, and political unfitness. They comprise professional gamblers, robbers, procurers, bullies, numberless rowdies, and the general riff:raff of society. One of the strange social phenomena in this land of contrasts is that these outcasts are thoroughly organized.

There are countless secret societies each with its rules and regula- tions and sinister motives. But all are insignificant as compared with a great and an ancient organization known as the Ko Lao Whei or the Pao Ko, that is the "Long-Gowned Elder-Brotherhood."

Courtesy has sometimes called them the Chinese Masons. That may somewhat express their secrecy and strength; but it is a sad mis- understanding of their aims and morals. Briefly, they are organized opposition to all order. They have their lodges, "horse-heads,"

upon every street of the cities and small district of the countryside.

Members are known as "third" or "fifth" or "fiftieth" brother according to the seniority, and the Master of the lodge as the Chief.

Then they are divided according to social status into "Dirty Water"

and "Clean Water" members. The former are the lower strata of outcasts, and do the "dirty" work. The latter include the man higher up, even at times prominent gentry, and officials who are ex- pected to help when the "dirty" element get into trouble. Thus organized they often control whole neighborhoods, counties, cities, and effectually offset even the highest officials. Thus China has a constant Camorra, a Black Hand big, bold, and powerful. A strong official may stop its excesses for a time; but when a weakling ar- rives then all the subtilities and brazen badness are let loose. Respect- able families are blackmailed, some of the well-to-do are seized as "fat pigs" for ransom, open robberies are the rille, and an awful vengeance is meted out upon any who have formerly dared to inform against them. .

Strange to say, it is this class most of all which has taken the Kingdom of Heaven by violence. How has it happened1 After

1926J HIJI<""DRANCES TO CHRISTIANITY IN CHINA

the Boxer convulsion of 1900, it immediately became evident that the foreigner had power. Had not Western troops seized the nation's capital and the very "old Buddha," the ~Jmpress Dowager, been forced to flee¥ Naturally the officials in the years following made a complete change of front. Formerly scornful, overbearing to the foreigner, they suddenly became fawning, subservient. The missionary, despite his protests, was treated with official honors. Indeed it was freely rumored that the nation was to be "divided as a TEACHING CHINESE GIRLS TO PLAY AND GROW STRONG melon" and the missionaries were to be the respective national officials. Naturally none were more quick to see this turn in the tide than the underworld. Taking advantage of the Gospel's free invitation to all they came by herds of scores and hundreds-more accurately perhaps, by whole lodges-into our churches. Skilled in aU the -subtilities of dissembling, they deceived the very elect. ,They attended services, repeated prayers, 'sang hymns, subscribed funds, donated buildings, made long heart-breaking confessions, exhorted others with extravagant unction. This was during the missionary's presence. During his absence-for owing to the widely scattered

nature of the movement in cities, towns and villages, the few workers could pay visits scarce more than once or twice a year-these vagabonds used the chapels for their lodge headquarters. There they gambled, smoked opium, gathered the goods from robber raids, plotted in general against society. No official dared to enter these sacred precincts. At times enraged citizens pelted the plague spots down or smashed the doors and furniture to pieces. When the missionary came the "faithful" gathered around to pour out piteous tales of "persecution for righteousness' sake" of which this destruction of property was but a paltry example. Naturally the foreigner went to the official to claim protection for his flock. The official conspicuously complied. Then these buzzards of society were ready for other depredations.

Is it wonder that the foreigner was fast becoming a being accursed, that the name of Christ and the Christian became a thing of stench, and self-respecting citizens of the toiler and ruler classes held aloof from the Church as from a plague zone' But many of the worst of these vagabonds have left us today. And even among them the Gospel has in conspicuous cases cut its way through to the quick, and turned some arch leaders of evil into active evangelists. But we still have many districts where the old miasma is felt, a!J.d where far and wide their mark of the beast brands and belies our effort. Their friends, their sons, their proteges form too often the asset out of which the coming Kingdom must be formed. Up to the present, at any rate here in West China, this movement of China's underworld into our churches has been an appalling, an awful adversary.

It is not mine to give the other side of the picture. There are "great and effectual doors" opening. But the side I have sought to paint is also a tremendous fact. A few shouting, surface-skimming doctrinaires could start a republic, in name; but they could not so readily revolutionize these mind-bound millions, or even themselves. The call today is the call again for more men and better men to face these stupendous and subtle forces arrayed against us.

a As a great and good Bishop has said of missionaries-" If poor man or no man is the option, then send us none." The challenge is for the choicest, cleanest, clearest of the Christian Church. We need men and women who will investigate, missionaries of vision, of valor, of virility. Then slowly but surely victory will be, must be, with Jesus Christ, the Captain of our Salvation.

THE CRISIS AND THE CHURCH IN CHINA The Boxer outbreak of 1900 wa~ more terrible iu certain of its aspects than the Hprfeesoenf tthceriCsilsnlnbeuset it was pro!:>ably n?t. so full of su~tle temptations to .the spiritual Church as IS the CrISIS of today, may cause a senous cleavage wblCh between the missionary body and the Chinese Church, which may be turned aside from its main. mission. .

The burden should be laid upon our .ltearts so that we feel the urgency of the problem and neeessity of intercession to God for China.

A KINDERGARTEN CIRCLE AT CHR.ISTOPHER HOUSE

Christianity Through the Neighborhood House I BY REV, WILLIAM P. SHRIVER, NEW YORK ~~ H. AVE no doubt," I inquired of the director of the Music Department of the Neighborhood House, as we looked out from the window on the drab surroundings of an immigrant quarter in Chicago, "that these foreign people respond to the ap- peal of music?"

"Music is a thing that no Neighborhood House should get along without," she replied in a glow of enthusiasm. "Foreign peoples comt;l to us from a hand-made country and we dump them down into the backyards of our machine-made country. We have an opportunity to bring a little joy to these people, Those of us who live in Neighborhood Houses know how little of the beauty of the seasons .we see, All time is just the same, excepting that one season is hot and another cold. We must instil something into their hearts to help to do away with the grimness of their outside surroundings."

"And they are themselves musical f" I asked. 95

"I was talking the other day to our barber who lives next door and is a Croatian," she continued. "He said he could remember back in his school days in Croatia how they were taught songs by rote. No music has ever been written for those songs. How hungry he gets for those folk songs that he used to hear so many years ago. This same man has a collection of Croatian folk songs that are very valuable. We have some songs on our programs that the children sang to me and that were sung to them by their mothers."

"And so through the music department of your Neighborhood House you are giving these neighbors of yours a chance to contribute something to America 1" I inquired. "That seems to me to be the right notion of Americanization."

"You cannot transplant a plant successfully into another climate without giving it some of the elements of its own environment," was :her answer. "You cannot plant violets in the desert without giving them water and shade. So with our foreign people. .You cannot bring them into this country and expect them to grow into well-rounded American citizens without carefully nourishing some of the traits that were their heart and soul in the old country. Some of these traits you would not want to nourish. We do not care to have them continue to feed coffee to their babies or to sleep between unhealthy feather beds. We do not ask them to wear their foreign clothes in this country. We requfre them to learn the American language and drop as much as possible of their foreign language. But music is different. In the old country there was no gathering of any kind without folk songs and folk dances. The folk music of foreign peoples is the most beautiful of any music."

"And how do you carryon work in the Neighborhood House1 What is your programY"

"You will be surprised," she replied, "to learn that the boys of the neighborhood furnish us with one of our largest and most interested groups. Most people think boys are interested only in games, baseball, basketball and the gym. We have thirty-two boys enrolled in a Boys' Chorus. At first we must go through certain bits of fun before we can get settled down. Generally we "swap stories" and some of them are good ones, I can tell you. On Tuesdays and Fridays we have a Junior Choir. There are forty-two members in this Choir and it does more work for oUI: House than any other organization. On Tuesdays we b,.ave a woman's chorus. They sing only Bohemian songs. Tuesday night we have a harmonica club. On Wednesdays we have our intermediate chorus and folk- dancing class. Wednesdays also, there are violin pupils. Thursdays there are piano lessons. Piano lessons are given, however, every day in the week. We have a.la~ge piano class, nfty-two students. Friday at seven 0 'clock we have orchestra practice. Saturday is our

CHlUSTIANITY THROUGH THE NEIGHBORllOOD ROUSE

THE DODGE COMMUNITY: HOUSE, DETROIT, MICIE!,

big teaching day. On Sundays we have our regular church service with our Junior Choir always there."

From this brief conversation I gathered something of the spirit, purpose, and method of the Neighborhood House. The understand· ing sympathy and enthusiasm of my friend were contagious. She was a real neighbor, to begin with, along with the ten or more other young American men and women who made up the staff. While not blind to the sordidness of much of the life about them, they cherished a faith that these New Americans would make good if only they were given a chance. The Neighborhood House was there for that purpose.

THREE I.AINES OF ApPROACH In their aroused interest in the recent immigrants in America, the churches and National Mission agencies have resorted to three main lines of approach. The first is the very obvious foreign-language church, with the leadership of a racial and foreign-speaking pastor. These churches have carried on the traditional church program. Thl') foreign-language churches have met largest success among Italians and the least success among the Slavic peoples, notably the Poles.

The second. line of approach has been through English-speaking churches with institutional equipment, a service chiefly for children, but by no means to be discounted; in the long run, where carried on with Christian sympathy and understanding, it may prove the most effective means. we have of relating our recent immigrants to the Evangelical Ohristian Church.

The third approach has been through the Ohristian Oommunity Center or Neighborhood House. The Woman's American Baptist Home Mission Society of the Northern Baptist Ohurch and the National Mission agencies of the Presbyterian Church in the U. S. A. have developed this line of approach more largely than any of the other denominations. The Board of National Missions of the Presbyterian Church has recently published a Survey of "Thirty Neigh. borhood Houses," the most thorough-going study so far made of this type of service. That the movement is still a current one is indicated in the fact that of the thirty Neighborhood Houses included in the Survey, eight have been; established in the last five years, and one of these with an expediture of $150,000 for its property and building.

THE NEIGHBORHOOD HOUSE The Neighborhood House as a more or less unique form of institutionalized Ohristianity. has been inspired by a number of con· verging factors. In the foreground is the thoroughly commendable purpose of our American Christian churches to ·do something to meet the immediate and critical needs of our congested city and

CHRISTIANITY THROUGH 'PHE NEIGHBORHOOD HOUSE

Act•Iv•it•ies ThirD' Presbyterian Neighborhood Houses 1924- – 1925 .

Activities Houses Girls elubs SO 2 Boys elubs 29 3 Athletics or Gym. 22 4- D.V.B.S. 22 5 Sunday Schools 2.1 6 Domestic Science, 2.1 1 WomenS Groups 20 8 Kindergartens 18 9 Library 17 10. Music Instruction 17 11 Religious Services 16 12 Mens Groups 16 13 Primary Groups 14 14- Srory Hour 12 15 P1a..ygrounds 9 16 Mixed elubs 9 17 Christian Endeavor 9 IS FolkflSocial Dancing 8 19 English (6 eivics 8 The bars indicate the – 23 elinics number of Neighborhood 20 Industrial Art 7 Houses out of the thirty studie(l which carried on 21 Art Classes 6 the activities listed. – 26 FIIfI!itn l.an~ge Classes 3 22 Dramatics 6 5 – 27 D~ Nursery 3 24 Public Bath 4 25 .Movies :~Iar 4

industrial neighborhoods, and without first concern as to what such service may result in by way of converts or recruits to the Christian Church. Furthermore, the Neighborhood Houses in nearly all cases are located in polyglot communities. A Christian Community House in an iron mining town in Michigan reports thirty-nine nationalities enrolled in its activities. Even where there are five or six races in a neighborhood, it is clear that any effort to minister to so many foreign-language groups would be attended by great difficulty. Aside from this matter of language, most of these recent immigrants maintain at least a nominal loyalty to Old World faiths, Roman Catholic, Greek Catholic, and Orthodox, with their highly vivid and picturesque services. Our American Protestantism is not at the outset easily understood nor acceptable to such immigrants. It is as foreign to them as their Old World religions would be to us. Meanwhile there is all the obvious need of these foreign neighborhoods, where the streets swarm with children, and where in the homes of the workers each new day brings some new problem of adjustment to this strange and hustling world of industrial America. The churches could not be true to the spirit of Christ and turn away from such human and social need. The Neighborhood House has furnished a ready and practical answer. It has unquestionably demonstrated its effectiveness as a form of Christian service.

RELIGIOUS NEEDS MET But the Neighborhood Houses are not unmindful of the religious needs of their foreign neighbors. With but few exceptions they provide Christian teaching in Sunday-schools, Daily Vacation Bible Schools, week-day religious education, or other groups. In a number of Neighborhood Houses small but active church organizations have developed. The survey of thirty Neighborhood Houses under Presbyterian auspices discovers, however, that "the emphasis is on the development of individual and community Christian ideals, standards, and character, rather than the development of ecclesiasticalorganizations." As one worker put it, and the Neighborhood House in a Slavic community in Milwaukee of which she is director happily incarnates her notion, "the Neighborhood House exists to demonstrate the power and beauty of practical Christianity. America and Christain America are very different. The Neighborhood House aims to interpret Christian America to the neighborhood and the neighborhood to Christian America. Christian America will be caught rather than taught." The Neighborhood House would appear to be a fresh and unconventional expression of the Christian life and purpose called out by the unique conditions and deep human and social need of our polyglot communities. It is an outreached hand of the Church, not a substitute for it.

The program of the Neighborhood House in contrast with that

CHRISTIANITY TH,ROUGH THE NEIGHBORHOOD HOUSE

of the Church is marked in its emphasis upon the group as the unit of interest rather than the mass gathering. In this it is on very excellent educational ground. A church puts in the very foreground of its program preaching and the service of worship. The size of the congregation is a measure of success. The Neighborhood Houses begin with smaller units, a boys' club, a group of little children of pre-school age, a girls' cooking class, a chorus, a class in English and civics. The survey of "Thirty Neighborhood Houses," listed one thousand stated groups in the winter programs of the thirty centers. The frequency of occurrence and types of such stated group activities appear in the accompanying graph. It makes clear at a glance just what the Neighborhood Houses are about.

While designed for an inclusive service to the whole community, the Neighborhood Houses have registered largest success with the children and young people. They have not been notably successful in reaching the adult immigrant. Among approximately a thousand stated group activities in thirty Neighborhood Houses, only one hundred and forty were specifically for adult groups, though adults participated in other groups in which all ages are included, such as lectures and entertainments. The reason for this failure to reach the adult immigrant is undoubtedly to be found in the fact that the staff workers in most instances command only the English language. Miss Christine Wilson, in her Survey of Presbyterian Neighborhood Houses comments, in this connection-" not enough time and thought have been given to planning activities which are suited to 'grown up' interests. There has been too little utilization of the immigrants' background as a starting point.' I There is much interested discussion as to the effect the restriction of European immigration will have on both the foreign-language church and the Neighborhood House. It is believed that with the retarding of immigration the process of assimilation will be speeded up. With their native American and English-speaking leadership, and their wholesome contact with the youth of our foreign communities, the Neighborhood Houses are in an advantaged position for a timely service. They have, however, as well as the social settlements, to reckon with the constantly increasing and comprehensive service programs of our municipalities in the fields of education, health, and recreation. But the essence of the Christian religion, as of the truest Americanism, is best understood when incarnate, when it "dwells among us." Perhaps this is the significant contribution of the Neighborhood House, after all-that of genuinely American and Christian neighbors.

Years in

The Diamond Jubilee of the China Inland Mission BY lIENRY J. COWELL, LONDON, ENGLAND T HE name "China Inland Mission" first came into being in an entry dated 27 June, 1865, in the private diary of a thirty- three-year-old medical man, J. Hudson Taylor: "Opened an account for the China Inland Mission: paid in £10." Two days earlier (Sunday, 25th June) the writer of those few words had wandered out upon the sands at Brighton. He was in agony of spirit, and had been so for some time. After a few years of strenuous service in Shanghai, Ningpo, and elsewhere, he had been invalided home, and told that he must not return to yhina unless he wished to throwaway his life.

Bnt an urgent longing to go back to China took possession of his soul more and more. The call of inland China could not be silenced. The inner conflict could no longer be endured; a decision must be made and before Hudson Taylor left the shore of the boundless ocean on that Sabbath morning the China Inland Missiou had been born in his heart. A new thought came into his soul: "If we are obeying the Lord, the responsibility rests with Him-not with us. " This conviction, born of the Spirit, led to the decision: "At Thy bidding I go forward, leaving results with Thee." On the margiu of his Bible he wrote: "Prayed for twenty-four willing, skilful labourers at Brighton, 25 June, 1865."

Exactly sixty years from the date of that entry, on June 25, 1925, I was present at a thanksgiving and commemoration gathering held upon the sands of Brighton when over 1,100 missionaries were working under this mission. Since the founding of the work, more than 100,000 Chinese have professed their faith in Christ by baptism, while that first £10 has grown into almost three and a half million pounds sterling. Besides the 1,100 missionaries, there are 3,649 Chinese workers. Stations and outstations exceed 2,000 in number, and there are 545 schools (other than Sunday-schools), 712 school teachers, 12 hospitals and 91 dispensaries.

The C. I. M. is an illustration of the oft-repeated experience that when a great pioneer or forward movement is to be done, the Spirit of God calls out one man upon whose heart is laid the "burden" of the work to be accomplished. Hudson Taylor was by no means the type of a man likely to be called to accomplish a mighty work of liberation j but upon his heart was written indelibly the word China. For China he worked and prayed and strove with all his powers so long as those powers remained. His life-story is a 102 great epic-a wonderful example of what it means to "follow the Lord fully."

Hudson Taylor was preeminently a man of prayer and a man of faith. His father, before the child's birth, had been deeply moved by the spiritual needs of China and, being prevented from going out as a missionary, he and his wife definitely prayed that, if a son were born to them, he might dedicate his life to that great land.

The hope treasured in the parents' heart was fulfilled, although the son knew nothing about the parents' desire until he had already seen seven years' service abroad. The lad found Christ (and was found of Him) when seventeen, and very soon the claims of China had be.

gun to come home to his soul. At the age of twenty-one he set sail from Liverpool and after a voyage of over five months, accompanied by great dangers, he landed safely at Shanghai in March, 1854.

The next six and a half years were crowded with many and varied experiences all of which were to teach and to test the young man. In a very practical way he had to learn to "lean hard" upon his Heavenly Father, not only for protection from great dangers but for daily bread. Eventually the incessant physical and mental J. HUDSON TAYLOR strain became more than health Founder of the China. Inland Mission could endure, and in order to save his life, he sailed for England in July, 1860.

When he reached the homeland, physicians told him that a re- turn to the Far East for some years was impossible. He completed his medical studies at the London Hospital, and undertook a re- translation of the New Testament into the Ningpo dialect. On the way home from China he had prayed definitely for at least "five helpers" to labor in Ningpo and the province of Chekiang. In the next few years he had the joy of seeing these "five helpers" go forth upon their great task.

Increasingly there came upon him a feeling of responsibility for "the vast regions of inland China." He approached the leading British missionary societies in regard to the needs of inland China, but was told that their hands were full and their _funds short; more- over, at that time inland China was more or less closed to evangelistic effort. . The consciousness grew upon Hudson Taylor that he was

called to found a new mission. While ready to trust God for himself, he shrank from leadership and held back from assuming responsibility for others. "The feeling of blood-guiltiness became more and more intense," he tells us. "Perishing China so filled my heart that there was no rest by day and little sleep by night." "Finally," he says, "on June 25, 1865, the Lord conquered my unbelief, and I surrendered myself to God for this service. There and then I asked Him for twenty-four fellow-workers-two for each of the eleven inland provinces which were without a missionary and two for Mongolia."

In the next two or three months applications came from more than forty volunteers. It was decided to form a new mission upon a broad interdenominational basis, the work to be evangelistic. On 26 May, 1866, Mr. and Mrs. Hudson Taylor, with sixteen others (besides four young children), embarked on the Lammermt~ir, and arrived at ShliWghai on September 30th. Hangchow, the capital of Chekiang, was selected as the first great city to be occupied. By the close of the year there were four central stations in Chekiang province, and' the following year the number grew to eight.

After five and a half years, Mr. Taylor again returned to the homeland, to face serious problems at the home base, but in October, 1872, he was once more on the field. In spite of almost insurmountable difficulties the workers not only maintained their ground but planned what seemed almost impossible advance. In 1873 eleven new stations and outstations were entered, one of these being Shanghai, which became the Mission's chief business center.

From the b~ginning Mr. Taylor's desire was to depend mainly upon the evangelization of China by Chinese Christians and he prayed for fifty or a hundred additional Chinese evangelists. In 1874, on a voyage up the Yangtze to Hankow and Wuchang, with a view to opening a. new station at Wuchang, Mr. Taylor fell and seriously injured his spine, but with a companion he pressed on to Wuchang, where he saw a worker installed. Two years later China was on the brink of war but the conflict was averted, and fuller freedom was given for carrying forward the work. Four more provinces-Shansi, Shensi, Kansu, and Szechwan-were occupied and at the time of the annual meeting in 1878 not only had all the nine unoccupied provinces been visited but twelve missionaries had already been appointed to four of them. The first issue of China's Millions appeared in July, 1875, and it has been published regularly each month ever since.

In November, 1881, a little band of eight or nine missionaries gathered at Wuchang to confer with Mr. Taylor. In the past they had been very definite in asking God for open doors-which prayer He had answered; now the obvious need was a like definiteness in asking for reinforcements. A careful survey, province by province

SIXTY YEARS IN CHINA

.and station by station, led to the conclusion that if the existing work was to be sustained and new openings developed, forty-two men and twenty-eight women-seventy new workers in all-were required.

They determined, therefore, to pray for seventy additional helpers for the Mission, as well as for large reinforcements for other so- cieties at work in China. So assured were this little company that the matter was of God that ere they separated they held a praise meeting. . Nine new helpers were given in 1882, 18 more in 1883, and 46 in 1884–01' 73 in all. Moreover, the income of the Mission kept pace with the increased number of workers.

In February, 1885, when the Mission had almost completed twenty years of work, "the Cam- bridge Seven" set sail for China- an event which attracted wide- spread attention not only in the British Isles but elsewhere, and which led to marvellous results."

The first break in this Cambridge Band of young university men oc- curred last November, when the Right Rev. W. W. Cassels, who had been set apart as Bishop in West- ern China in October, 1895, was called Home. The present General Director of the Mission, Mr. D. E.

Hoste, is himself one of "the Cam- D. E. H03TE bridge Seven" and the other mem- Director ot the China Inland Mission bers of the Band are all still active in Christian service.

Vhen, at the close of 1881, Mr. 'l'aylor began to pray for sev- enty new workers, there were less than 70 members of the Mission, but in four years there were 177. The work on the field was more thoroughly organized, and at the first meeting (at Anking, in No- vember, 1886) of the newly formed China Council, definite prayer was made for a hundred new workers during the year 1887. "Sure I am," said Mr. Taylor at the annual meeting in London in May, 1887, "that God will answer prayer handsomely." Several hundred candidates applied, and by the close of the year the full hundred extra workers were either in China or were on their way thither.

The following year Mr. Taylor visited Northfield, Massachusetts, and held meetings in other places in the United States and Canada.

By the time he was ready to return to China (in October, 1888) over forty candidates had offered, fourteen of whom sailed from Vancouver with Mr. Taylor. An American Council was formed in the following year.

• See the Story of the Ca.mbridge Seven in the September. 1925, REVIEW.

At a Field Conference held at Shanghai in May, 1890, an appeal was adopted, asking for a thousand new evangelists for China within the five following years. In July of the same year Mr. Taylor sailed for Australia, and with the appeal for a thousand workers still fresh in his mind suggested that Australia and New Zealand might send out a hundred of these. Sixty candidates offered, and eleven sailed for China with Mr. Taylor when he re-embarked in November. In less than nine years the full hundred had sailed for the field from Australia.

When the five years had expired from the time when the Conference at Shanghai asked for a thousand men, it was found that 1,153 new workers had actually arrived in China.

The fourth decade of the Mission (1895-1905) witnessed a very real testing time and a marvellous recovery. Following the defeat of China by Japan in· February, 1895, came the outbreak of serious disturbances in the provinces of Szechwan and Chekiang, and the massacre of C. M. S. missionaries in the province of Fukien. Yet in that same year-1895-more converts were baptized by the C. I. M. than in any previous year.

, The Boxer Riots and massacres of 1900 were the climax of China's anti-foreign policy. When the storm of persecution broke, the C. I. M. had nearly 700 missionaries in the field, most of whom were at inland .stations. It was in the province of Shansi, under the viceroyship of Yu Hsien, that the storm did its worst. Here 113 missionaries and 46 children (64 connected with the C. I. M.) lost their lives. Many Chinese Christians were put to death, while thousands of others lost all their possessions. Nevertheless, in little more than a year from the outbreak of the troubles, missionary work had been resumed in most parts of China.

In June, 1905, at Changsha, Hunan, in the city to whose evangelism he had given so much prayer and effort, Hudson Taylor passed away, forty years from the founding of the C. I. M. Accompanied by his son and daughter-in-law, Dr. and Mrs. Howard Taylor, the veteran had made his way in a kind of triumphal procession to Hunan, and here it was fitting that he should receive his Homecall, from the last province to be opened to the Gospel.

The work of the Mission continued without diminution and the fifth decade saw both mass movements and revival, with considerable consequent growth and development. Several Bible Training Institutes were founded for the better equipment of Chinese pastors and evangelists.

In 1915 the jubilee of the Mission was celebrated with much rejoicing. " The Jubilee Story of the China Inland Mission," prepared by Mr. Marshall Broomhall, tells of the labors of the halfcentury as a "record of God's faithfulness dedicated to the memory of those who laid the foundations and to those who by their gifts

and service are building thereon." Mr. Broomhall calculated that to visit all the central stations alone would require five years, while if the outstations as well were seen, another fifteen years or so would be needed! In fact, the area of the provinces in which the Mission was at work exceeded one and three-quarter million square miles. The money needed to inaugurate and carryon this widespread work for the whole period of fifty years came "in answer to prayer." More than 50,000 converts had been welcomed into church fellowship, and this by no means recorded the full measure of what had been accomplished.

Apart from the English-speaking world, there were in 1915 eleven "Associate Missions" allied to the C. 1. M. These eleven Missions were: The Swedish Mission in China, the Swedish Holiness Union, the Scandinavian Alliance Mission, the Swedish Alliance Mission, the Norwegian Mission in China, the Norwegian Alliance Mission, the German China Alliance, the Liebenzell Mission, the German Women's Missionary Union, the Friedenshort Deaconess Mission, the Finnish Free Church, and the St. Chrischona Pilgrim Mission. The C. 1. M.. is thus not only interdenominational but international. Each of the eleven"Associate Missions" is practically autonomous, with independent financial arrangements, but all have accepted the C. I. M. "Principles and Practice." In 1915 there were 282 workers in China in connection with the" Associate Missions." In the fifty years 1865-1915 the C. I. M.'s total income in Great Britain and Ireland, North America, Australia, New Zealand, and China (without taking into account the amounts raised by the "Associated Missions") exceeded one and three-quarter million pounds sterling (nearly $8,750,000).

The ten years since the jubilee are described by Mr. Marshall Broomhall in a booklet which is entitled" Our Magnificat." "Today," he says, "that little Mission, begun in such weakness, has churches established throughout the length and breadth of China. As we look back upon the sixty years of the Mission's history, it is with the firm conviction that the Mission itself was begotten of God. During the last ten years, in spite of the widespread civil strife and devastating brigandage, wh,ich have made missionary activities both painful and perilous, more than 54,000 persons have confessed their faith in Christ by baptism-a greater number than during the previous half-century. The total income received from the commencement of the work in 1865 is no less than £3,389,189: that is to say, more than £1,400,000 has been received during the last ten years, the years of the Great War and subsequent financial depression. The Mission by its faith has discovered that Who trusts in God's unchanging love· Dwells on the Rock which nought can move. "

Hin Liu of

BY MISS WILMA DUNTZE, JERSEIY CITY, NEW JERSEY W HEN China first came in contact with the Western world, her people were amazed at the progress of J apan-a country no larger than one of her own provinces. The new progressive atmosphere so evident in her neighbor made the Chinese ask the cause. Some believed Japan's new strength was due to Western organization, to literature, and education. The keynote, however, seemed to be freedom not only for the men but for the women also. The seed was sown. vVomen began to seek education and to take a part in public affairs. They have since come into new power.

One of the first institutions to offer opportunities for women was Canton Christian College, which at first had no room for girls. When its Vornen's Department was opened there were needed several educated Chinese women teachers. The first native member of the teaching staff was Miss Fung Hin Liu. Her parents, who were Chris- tians, prayed fervently that God would help their daughter devote her life to the women of China. Baek in the sixties, when the life of a Christian was beset with dan- .'UNG H1N LIU-NOW MRS. C. F. WANG gers, her grandparents accepted Christ. They had five daughters and no sons, a dire calamity in a Chinese family. The neighbors were convinced that the lack of a son was the result of this family's having turned away from their old gods. Without a son there would be no one to worship the family ancestors. While attending Sunday-school Grandmother Liu heard the Plissionary tell of Hannah, who prayed for a son. So greatly was she impressed that she hurried home to tell her husband the wonderful story, and together they prayed to God to send them a son. Vithin two years their son was born and was named "Begotten by Prayer." This young boy was brought up in a Christian atmosphere but was educated in native Chinese schools and later studied medicine under Dr. Kerr. About the time of his father's death Mr. Liu married a bright, capable Christian woman who had studied in missionary schools and who continued to teach until there were seven children in the family. She made all of their clothes and embroidered their shoes…

108 Fung Hin Liu's father, who had come into contact with missionaries and other foreigners and had read much of Western civilization, realized that in the next twenty-five years Ohina's greatest problem would be the education of her women. Contrary to Chinese tradition, when Fung Hin was born neither he nor his wife were disappointed that their first-born should be a daughter; they rather thanked God for His wonderful gift in sending one who could help China's women and they named their daughter "Consecration."

Everything was done to give her as thorough an education as was possible in China. Until she was ten Fung Hin studied with her mother, as she was not well enough to attend school regularly. Her father was quite eager to have her learn English. There was no place where this was taught but Canton Christian College. There was much opposition to admitting girls to the institution but Mr. Liu urged that the college should train them to be the leaders of the women of the future. Finally Fung Hin was allowed to study at Oanton Ohristian College where she was one of the first resident group of seven girls. She had a keen hunger for knowledge and in order to prepare for her future work she was eager for the larger opportunities offered in America.

As the Liu family was large f~nds were. correspondingly small, FUNG fiN LJU'S PARENTS AND SISTERS, WHO WORKED FROM THE FIRST TOWARD . THE GOAL OF BETTER EDUCATION FOR CHINESE GIRLS

but Mr. Liu's determination to help his daughter carry out the hopes they had cherished for so many years made' it possible to face the difficulty. He mortgaged his house to secure funds with which the daughter might begin her studies in America. Fung Hin had not been used to manual working, as in China everything had been done for her, but she knew that she could learn how and for two years she earned her board doing many things which were entirely strange.

At first she attended Wooster University, while she lived a mile away ,on a farm. After two years she turned her eyes longingly toward Wellesley-but her complete capital was $8.00!

"1 was determined not to worry," she remarked. "When 1 came to this country 1 told father 1 did not want him to send me money, for 1 was the oldest of ten and the others should also have an education. 1 could go and work, and I would."

The Wooster girls asked their Chinese classmate to speak at a Y. W. C. A. meeting and her talk aroused the interest of many.

Invitations came to speak in other towns, so that four or five times a week and often three times on 'Sunday for the remainder of the summer attentive audiences listened to the story of this Chinese girl.

During her junior year at Wooster she and nine of her classmates kept house together to reduce expenses to the minimum. But Fung Hin could not keep her thoughts from her dream of going to_ Wel- lesley and she made it a subject of prayer. Through the travelling secretary of the Y. W. C. A. in China Miss" Liu learned that a scholarship waS offered at Wellesley for an Oriental girl and a trip to Lake Geneva to meet the committee resulted in her securing the Helen Gould Scholarship. Through her old teaclier, who had been made Education Commissioner, she secured the remainder of the money required to take the Junior and Senior years at Wellesley.

This experience convinced her clearly that God had heard and an- swered her prayers.

After one year's study at Teachers College, Columbia Univer- sity, Miss Liu returned to her own country as one of the first five women to start systematic higher education for Chinese girls. Though young and inexperienced, she successfully organized the Women's Department of Canton Christian College of whiCh she was the Dean.

In 1925, out of the twenty-six graduates, twelve were women, a c~ss started by Miss Liu. ..

Looking back over the years she spent in America and the many difficulties surmounted, Fung Hin Liu says: "EYerything shows that God answers prayers. My father and mother hoped and prayed that I might help the women of China. Eyerything has worked to this end. It has been ideal that I have had all these struggles. They were part of my education."

Fung Hin Liu is now the wife of Mr. C. F. Wang, a brother of Dr. C. T. Wang, and is living in Mukden, Manchuria.-EDIToR.

– , ~

NON-CHRISTIAN PAPUANS AT ONE OF THE HARVEST DANCES IN KIRIWr.l(A. , "

Missionary Work in Papua, New Guinea BY REV. W. E. BROMILOW, D.D., DOBU, PAPuA. ' • '~• ." ">j '

Chairman of the Papuan District, Australian Methodist ' Missionary Societv "<, "-'..0 F f/1.. i.

T HERE are four different ways of treating the prlrmtJ'J:q~rac. es.. of the world. .

1. The Scientific, or the Way of the Anthropologist and Ethnologist.

2. The Administrative. 3. The Commercial.

4. 'l'he Way of the Missionary.

A fifth way is to leave them alone, which is animp~ssibility; the advance in exploration, the realization of the white man's ,bprden, and most of all the Saviour's commandment will not allow us to leave them to themselves.

I. The Scientific Method In recent years there has been a very considerable advance in scientific research with regard to the native races, and especially the animistic peoples. As one result of ethnological research and comparison of the manners and customs of the various races with those of civilized peoples,it has been stated as an actual fact that in sensory perception, memory, imagination, reasoning, emotion, self-control, the primitive races allowing for their circumstances are equal to the highly civilized peoples. The anthropologist advises that there should be no interference with manners and cus- III

toms, and the result of this keen interest in the characteristics of the uncivilized according to our ideas, is, that there has been very little reference to what was considered the only law for the advance- ment of the human race, "the survival of the'fittest. " One notable exaII!ple of this was seen in the attitude of the Pan-Pacific Congress held in Sydney in August, 1923. Again and again when reference …….~~~–,-~—-~,…..::= was made to Polynesians and Mel- . .Will..'" anesians, the thought was express- ed that all investigation and re- search would be useless unless something could be suggested which would be of service to these backward races and which would prevent their dying out. A special resolution of the Congress, moved by a Doctor of Medicine, recom- mended that a large sum of money should be contributed by the gov- ernments surrounding Oceania for medical service.

For the sake of knowledge, the anthropologist and ethnologist should be encouraged and assisted in every possible way. But that "no native customs should be in- terfered with" cannot be, for with the impact of civilization many of the customs and manners which are indigenous to the animistic races will of necessity be compelled to give way. Recently an address was delivered by Sir J. H. P.

Murray, the Lieutenant-Governor A DOBU WIDOW IN PAPUA of Papua, in which he stated that certain of the customs of the Papuans, for instance, must pass away, and the only way that we can help the people is to give them Christianity. This he said, was.

not a matter of belief in Christianity, but the only thing to do.

Missionaries to do their work well, must be anthropologists.

For a missionary to enter upon his field of work and recklessly strive to uproot all the customs of the people,would be most unwise. While the anthropologist might say that the races in the Pacific wonld evolve to a higher plane if left alone, the missionary practice must be to encourage al!.native customs which are neither evil in them- selves, nor inseparably connected with evil, and strive to uproot only things evil or inseparably coimected with evil. Cannibalism,

MISSIONARY WORK IN PAPUA, 1'<'EW GUINEA

immorality in its various forms, barbarous customs such as burying the surviving infant with its dead mother, the killing of one of twins, cruelty to animals, the drinking of human blood raw-assuredly no good could come out of these and similar practices.

Papua is a fascinating country because of its wonderful variety in fauna, flora, geological conditions, and manners and customs. For instance, in the Methodist sphere of influence, the houses ·at Dobu are built on piles mostly in the shape of a saddle with a high peak at each end; at Kiriwina 100 miles away, the houses are built very close to the ground; at Panmati 100 miles to the south, the houses have the shape of a whale boat turned upside doWll. The canoes CHRISTIAN PAPUANS GIVING A DANCE OF WELCOME again are different and have been adapted to necessity. At Dobu and Kiriwina they are built more for paddling than sailing; they are long and sometimes there are fifteen men with paddles propelling a single canoe. These canoes have a sail triangular in shape, but if the crews wish to beat against a wind they have to remove the mast from the stern to the bows at the end of each task. At Panmati the canoes are built after the shape of a whale boat, the sides being built up by planks tied together and caulked with native material. There is a mast at the center of the canoe and a sail the shape of the figure "8" with a line drawn down each side.

Domestic customs are also different. At Dobu exogamy prevails, and a polygamist's wives have houses and gardens in their own tribe and are not gathered for permanent residence at the husband's '3

village. At Kiriwina the wives gather together at the husband's village, even to the number of seventeen in the case of the leading chief, the houses of the wives forming a semi-circle around his enclosure.

It is gratifying to know that a School of Anthropology is about to be established at the Sydney University, and the appointment of a Professor of Anthropology and Ethnology is being considered and arrangements made for the work of the new school. This school will be of special service to the Government in Papua and the Mandated Territory. Missionary students also may be trained there, and specialized research will be undertaken throughout the Pacific. If Australia can succeed in producing cadets and officers after the plan of the Imperial Service great good will result to th~ Island races. Already a government anthropologist has been appointed in Papua, and Sir Hubert Murray writes: "Incidentally, such an officer will be of assistance in collecting the various objects of interest which are gradually passing out of use in the native villages, but this will not be his chief value. His chief value will be to help us in reconeiling an intelligent, though very backward, race to the inevitable march qr. civilization, and in finding the easiest way for its advance." II. The Administrative Method In many places primitive peoples have been annexed to a European power at their own wish, but in most cases, no consent has been asked. In British New Guinea, or Papua as it is now called, the Queen's sovereignty was finally declared by the first administrator, on Sept, 4, 1888, with the usual formalities, to whom the oath of office· and allegiance was administered by His Excellency Sir Hort Day Bosanquet, G.C,V.O., K.C.B., etc., then in command of H. M. S. Opal, which had been ordered by Admiral Fairfax to transport the Administrator to Port Moresby." Dr. (afterwards Sir) Wm. MacGregor was that administrator. In his introduction to J. H. P. Murray's book on Papua he writes: "Mr. Murray, with characteristic modesty, does not discuss the question of missions in Papua, because he professes to not have sufficient detailed knowledge of their working. I cannot advance that plea. The two finest and best Institutions I left in New Guinea were the Constabulary and village police, and the Missions. The great distinguishing feature of the ~ollr Missions of Papua is the division of the (,.olmtl'Y into fOllr spccified working areas. The fundamental ideas;in that were: to prevent overlapping; and to not confuse the native mind by conflicting doctrine and practice. No attempt at encroachment was ever encouraged or facilitated by the Government, which was, however, always ready to procure land for any new settlement, without regard to Church or seet. To encourage ]1isflioh work in every possible way was considered a sacred duty by the Government. '1'0 not do so, would, indeed, have been a complete departure from the principles upon which Biritish or Engli'sh colonisation first originated.! ]jritish New Guinea was indeed fortunate in her early missionaries. No book

MISBIONARY WORK IN PAPUA, NEW GUINEA

on New Guinea would be complete without the names of such men as the intel- lectual G. W. Lawes, D.D. of Glasgow University, and of the Rev. James Ohalmers, both of the London Missionary Society."

Four years before the arrival of Sir William in 1888 the following terms of proclamation were read by Sir James Erskine and interpreted by James Chalmers: ,,You are placed under the protection of Her Majesty's Government; evil disposed men will not be permitted to occupy your country, to seize your lands, or to take you away from your homes. I have been instructed to sa:v to you that what you have seen done here today is to give you the strongest a~surance of Her Majesty's gracious protection of yon, and to warn bad and evil disposed men that if they attempt to do you harm they will be punished by the officers of the Queen. Your lands will be secured to you; your wives and children will be protected."

These words were translated to the natives wh9 were present, and as other tribes were visited, the proclamation was made known.

" Sir William proceeded at once to introduce a true sense of justice in the punishment of native offenders against the law. He established the system of finding out the real culprit and not punishing a district or even a village in the aggregate. He first segregated the district where the offender lived, then on becoming acquainted with the inhabitants of the district he segregated the village from which the offender came, and then the offender himself. This, of course, was directly opposed to the native system which carried out the law of indiscriminately killing any member of. an offending tribe whether that individual was innocent or not. He established the wise plan of putting the interests of the natives in the forefront, and while" he was always fair to the white man he treated the native as entitled to receive justice and mercy.

When Australia took over British New Guinea from the Home Government in 1906, there were many of the white men who imagined that very stringent rule would be introduced, and that especially the natives would be compelled to work for companies or private individuals at a small wage. When this was suggested, the missionary societies combined in making representations to the Australian Commonwealth, and were gratified to find that all political parties were united in the determination to prevent forced labor of such a kind, and would not allow slavery to be introduced under another name. Since Sir William's time the I..Iieutenant-Governors from his immediate successor Sir George LeHunts have carried out his policy, and the administration of the present Governor, Sir J. H. P. Murray, has been thoroughly approved of by the missionary societies. Laws have been introduced to compel the natives to improve their village life, and a system of taxation has been established to raise means for practical education and medical attention. All the money raised for this tax is being spent on the natives them-· selves, and grants are made to assist the various missionary socie-

ties in technical work and the employment of nurses and doctors, who not only themselves heal the sick, but also train native practitioners and nurses.

With regard to the native policy in general, the Lieutenant- Governor in his "Review of the Australian Administration in Papua from 1907-1920" states: "If the Papuan is (as he has been) confirmed in his title to his land; if he is shown how to make reasonable use of it; if he is taught to read and write; and if, in addition, he has the opportunity of learning a trade, and is shown how to keep his village clean and free from infection-if all this is done for him he will have as good a chance as any native ever had, and Australia will have shown that it is possible to intr.oduce our civilisation among these primitive peoples in such a way that it may endure to their lasting advantage. And if, at the same time, we increase the total agricultural production, as I am convinced we shall do by the adoption of the system of what I have called native plantations, we may rest satisfied in the conviction that Papua, at any rate, has given the world 'that economic contribution' (to quote Alleyne Ireland) 'which it has a right to expect from every territory which nature has endowed with economic resources.'

"However, it is a policy which has tal{en a long time to inaugurate, and will take a much longer time to establish. I do not suppose that those who helpcd to start it will ever see it as a going concern; and it is a policy which may excite bitter opposition, on the pretext that it will discourage the native from working for white men. I have already stated that I do not for a moment believe that this will be the result, and in any ca.<;e it is hardly likely that it will come into full operation in time to affect even the longest-lived of present employers of labor; and, further, I should be sorry to think that life will never hold anything better for the Papuan than to work as a 'signed-on' laborer for a wage of a few pence a day. The objection whieh I have indicated rests, in fact, upon the assumption, long since abandoned in British colonips, that a native popUlation exists solely for the benefit of its white employers. "

III. The Commercial jVIethod We must acknowledge that the advancement of commerce into the far regions carries with it many blessings, and no one would object to such advancement when carried out on proper lines and not for the purpose of exploiting the people in the so-called uncivilized parts of the world. In the Pacific many evil practices have been carried out for the purpose of making money; for instance, the "Oarl" massacre in 1871 was attended with evil results, innocent people losing their lives because of the wrongdoings of others. The Carl was a recruiting ship, and when the captain could not obtain voluntary recruits, he proceeded to use violence. He and the mate of the vessel dressed themselves in what would appear as ecclesiastical garments, one representing the Bishop and the other his curate. By this means they enticed the natives on board, got them down the hold, and cleared away from the Islands. When the natives created a disturbance they were cruelly fired upon, and then the ship was made to appear as if nothing had happened, so that

MISSIONARY WORK IN PAPUA, NEW GUINEA

when the man-o'-war examined the vessel nothing was known of what had been perpetrated. But the results came when Bishop Patteson and his party landed at the same place not knowing what had occurred. They were attacked, and the Bishop and others were killed. The islanders were quite ignorant of any punishment meted out to the brutal kidnappers. A similar occurrence might easily have happened on Dobu Island when we landed there in 1891. A few years before our arrival, a recruiting ship called the Hop efUl passed among the Islands and through the Dobu Straits, recruiting unlawfully, and kidnapping. .rust a short time after we landed, the TWO PAPUAN PASTORS AND T HEIR WIVES warriors of Dobu and Bwaiowa determined to massacre the whole of our mission party in revenge for what had been done by the visiting ship, but one of ·the chiefs advis ed that the plan to massacre us should not be carried out, that it would mean fighting again and again with other white men who would be sure to come in search of those they would kill. They determi.ned then not to kill us but to watch whether we were the right sort of people or not, stealing from us and trying to get all they could out of us in other ways. Fortunately for us we were considered as the right sort, and myself, wife and daughter were adopted into the tribe with due ceremony.

It is a matter for thankfulness that the old days of snatchsnatch and kill-kill boats have passed away, but. still wrongs may be done under the flag of commerce, and the presence and message

of the missionary are a means of assisting the administration to protect the natives from being exploited for purposes of trade. The spirit of many of the prospectors who visit Papua, looking for minerals, and of the planters and others who are engaged in commercial pursuits, is helpful to the development of the native character. But alas, too often commerce is used for the purpose of simply making money out of the native. There is a goodly number of the foreign residents who believe that there can be no success commercially unless local labor is exploited.

We thank God that no revenue is obtained by the Government, nor profit by the hotel-keeper from the sale of intoxicating liquor to the Papuans. While it is to be regretted that there are so many licenses to sell alcoholic drinks to whites, the Territory of Papua 113 to be congratulated on the carrying out of its law of prohibition for the native inhabitants and other colored people. Heavy penalties are inflicted in case of conviction, and very few cases of transgression occur. The penalty is truly a deterrent, but the sentiment of the whole white population is with the prohibitory law. The Papuan also, has no desire for" grog," and uses his own stimulant, viz., the areca nut chewed with lime made from coral, and an astringent creeper. This chewing of the nut is considered to cause warmth as a blanket on a cold night, and certainly has none of the evil consequences which follow the drinking of alcohol.

IV. The Missionary Method First and foremost and always this must be the way of love, and of moral suasion. The whole world needs the message of love, the cultured races are glad to have it; and the animistic peoples need that message more than anything else. Some say that for colored peoples the only treatment should be that which' produces dread of man and terrifying fear of God. .An experience of ten years in Fiji, twenty years in Papua, and sixteen years of active service in Australia has given me unshaken confidence in the power of the love of God in Christ Jesus.

That the true idea of love opens up in the minds of savage cannibals is proved in the case of Gaganumore the Chief of Dobu, and a notorious headhunter, who said good-bye to the missionary when he left Papua not expecting to return, in these words: "I shall not stay to see the ship take you away. I could not bear it. Belore you came to us, Dobu was like hell, but you brought love to us, and now ill going yourself and removing your goods, you cannot take that love away. It will remain with the Sacred Book you have given us."

I shook hands heartily with him. His hands had been covered with blood, and were black in hue, but the black hand did not prevent love passing between us two.

In the year 1889 the attention of the Wesleyan Methodist Church

MISSIONARY WORK IN P APUA, l'<""EW GUINEA

of Australasia was directed to British New Guinea as a sphere for missionary enterprise. The large island shaped like a "huge bird hovering over the north of Australia," was divided among three European powers. Holland had been in possession of the western half of the island since 1828, and the Germans had hoisted their flag in the northeast a short time before the British! Protectorate was proclaimed over the southeastern portion of the island in the year 1884. British New Guinea, which has borne the name of Papua since the direct control of the territory was taken over from the REV. W. E. BROMILOW, D.D., AND ELISSA DUIGU, A NATIVE OF DOBU, PAPUA, TRANSLATING THE SCRIPTURES Home Government by the Commonwealth of Australia in 1906, has been" likened to the bird's tail, and an enormous tail it is." It is 800 miles long, and 200 miles wide near the Dutch boundary, taper- ing off to a small promontory in the east. The area on the main- land and the islands is estimated at 90,540 square miles, and the coastline at 3,664 miles. .

In 1890 the native population,of the territory was estimated at between 400,000 and 500,000. The London Missionary Society first introduced the Gospel amongst this animistic people, when the mis- sionaries MacFarlane and Murray stationed a number of South Sea Island teachers there in the year 1872. The Roman Catholic order of the Sacred Heart followed in 1886, establishing their headquarters at Yule Island. The area to be covered was so large that the London Missionary Society welcomed the proposal that the Anglican

and the Methodist Churches should send Christian workers to the possession.

The Rev. George Brown, secretary of the Australian Methodist Society visited Papua in 1890 at the request of the Lieutenant- Governor, Sir William MacGregor. A conference was held with representatives of the London and Anglican Societies and the boundaries of each society's operations were assigned to prevent overlapping, and to cover as much ground as possible. The area allotted to the Methodists included the twenty miles of coastline on the mainland between East Cape and Cape Ducie, and all the islands in the eastern part of the territory, with the exception of one or two near Samarai, which were retained by the London Missionary Society. Lately the London Missionary Society have exchanged a further ten miles of coastline on the mainland for two other islands.

A large party reached Dobu in June, 1891, in the chartered vessel The Lord of the Isles. We had gathered at Sydney from Australia, New Zealand, and the South Sea Islands, some as reinforcements for the Mission in New Britain (now part of the Mandated Territory of New Guinea), and the others for the New Mission in British New Guinea. The Rev. George Brown, General Secretary of the Methodist Missionary Society of Australia, accompanied the party. He was a missionary genius, brave but not foolhardy, bighearted and ever sympathetic with even the most degraded savage.

On the day of his departure, when the ship was in the offing, an occurrence happened which showed us the attitude of the native population. A Fijian woman died in childbirth from the effects of malaria, and we arranged for the funeral. When the procession wended its way along the sandy beach, under the cocoanut palms, the wizards and witches sat on their haunches with a devilish grin on their faces. After the funeral was over a native who knew some pidgin-English told uS that the sorceress had killed the woman and would cause the death of the whole party. The husband of the woman was our head catechist, and a true missionary. He pleaded not to be sent back to his own home, but to be appointed to a station where he would learn the language and preach the message of love. "Has not my wife died for the New Guineans1 Did not Jesus die for us 1 Shall I not be ready to die for this people 1" So he remained, and was sent with a companion of his own race to a station, where he died in the work saying that messengers had come for him. Nehemiah Sole was one of many who have died for the Papuans.

. As time passed, and the people understood that we were messengers of love and peace, requests came in for missionaries, until, sending the South Sea Islanders two by two under white men who were superintendents of circuits, our supply was soon exhausted,

J MISSIONARY WORK IN PAPUA, NEW GUINEA

and we were compelled to .disappoint many who came from long distances to beg for missionaries.

EMh missionary learned the dialect in his particular sphere of operations and the Gospel was preached in the vernacular. The speech of Dobu was chosen as the literary language of our sphere of influence, it being the widest known of all the many dialects. By the invaluable assistance of the British and Foreign Bible Society the gospels, the whole New '!'estament, and eight books of the Old Testament have been printed in Dobuan, and the complete Old Testament is now being published. These books have been provided for the whole district, the total population of which is 64,000. But wherever necessary single gospels are also being translated and pl'inted in other dialects.

A BCENE A'r THE L[T~'LE METHODIST CHURCH AT TUKOUKWA So the Gospel spread to other islands and peoples and while the first and main object of the Mission was, to use John W esley'S words, to "save souls," by preaching the Word, other necessary developments arose which gave interesting and constant work to missionaries and their wives, missionary sisters, the first two of whom arrived in 1892, lay missionaries, and South Sea Islanders. Nurseries for children saved from burial alive or n eglected or orphan, boarding schools and reformatories, local training institutions, week-day and Sunday-schools were established; the ministry of healing and training in the use of tools were undertaken. The ministry of women has found a large place in missionary activities, and the only martyr to violence was a beautiful Tongan woman, who fell under the knife of an enraged savage one of whose wives had been forcibly taken away during his absence by a man of foreign blood.

The first conversion came through the message of love preached and sung in the vernacular. At the same time this conversion was a miracle in that it was taken out of our hands and wrought by the Spirit of God. For some time previously there had been a spirit of enquiry amongst many of the people, and our hearts were cheered by men and women coming to us with seemingly sincere desire to know" whether these things were so," while on the other hand there was a spirit of opposition which proved to us that the Enemy saw that Dobu was to be wrested from his sway. A gracious influence was often felt in our services and the demeanor of the congregations had greatly improved, but there was one clear and remarkable case of conversion which was really the first-fruits of Dobu unto Christ.

A woman, past middle age, living at a small village called Gaula, or The Cave, because of its situation between two high cliffs, was thought to have died. She was a pleasant woman, was accustomed to visit us often, attended the services regularly, and kept the Sabbath well. On her supposed death, all preparations were made for .the funeral, and Alesana the Samoan teacher was called upon to conduct a service. When he went, he found the people mourning around the body which was dressed up according to the usual custom in the woman's own grass dresses and ornaments. The appearance of the woman impressed him strangely, and he recommended their postponing the burial till next morning. This was consented to, notwithstanding the strong opposition of many of the sorcerers, who protested that it was customary not to delay burial in the case of those of low rank. To the astonishment of everyone after midnight the woman revived. She said nothing, however, until Alesana visited her, and then, in response to his question as to how she was, she said, "I was dead, and my spirit went up to beaven. I met Jesus there. He is so good! I am so bad 1 He told me to return and tell my people that ta,pwaroro (worship) is true. He also said that I was to return because I was not ready, and that the missionary and his wife were to tell me all about it."

Mrs. Bromilow and I visited her at different times, and heard the same story, with the addition that the place was all beautiful. When I saw her she was lying very sick and weak, but spoke very intelligently and clearly. A crowd of natives, with eager, solemn faces, gathered around. After telling me her story, she said, in response to a question: "Yes! Jesus is so good! very good!" And, again, "There is no bonu (a scrofulous sore from which she had suffered) there! no hunger! no sickness!"

"Are you afraid of death now~" "No! No! I want to die now to get to the beautiful city." Knowledge of ·the Papuan character is needed for the full realization of what this meant. Confession of sin was unknown amongst

MISSIONARY WORK IN PAPUA, NEW GUINEA

them: they always said, 'We are not bad, we are good:' have we not given up fighting' Have we not given up cannibalism1" It was a revelation of the Saviour's actual personality that wrought the feeling of sorrow for sin in the heart. The view of Jesus which she had in her trance, filled this woman with the true penitent's thought, "Jesus is so good; I am so bad." Then to have no fear of death was a very strange experience. It is true that occasionally a man or woman will commit suicide in passion. I knew a chief who threw himself down from the top of a cocoanut tree because his young men would not prepare his canoe for a journey. That is one case out of several, but under usual circumstances they are very much afraid of death. This woman's testimony surprised them. The woman was asked whether she would not like to be cured and get better, but she said she wanted to get away to the place where there was no pain. This story, as one would expect, confirmed those who were drawing near the Light and led others to confession of sin.

Three weeks after the trance the woman passed on to the better world—,-the first-fruits of Dobu unto Christ.

Shortly after the woman's death, nve men came to my study one week evening and began to ask questions concerning the conversion that had taken place. They asked me particularly whether I was sure that she had gone to heaven, and when I told them that I was confident that she had passed on into the presence of the Saviour they said: "But she was as bad as we are, and perhaps worse. How then could she go to the place where God is T" I then told them how she had confessed her sins and turned to the Saviour for salvation. The next question asked, illustrates the attitude of the native mind towards the missionary.

"We have heard much concerning Jesus Christ the Son of God, and we would like to know where He is. Is the Church the house of Jesus Christ1 Is this, your house, the house of Jesus Christ'"

"Yes, " I replied. "Then where is He 1 We cannot see Him, we cannot hear Him. Are you Jesus Christ f" I would have liked to have retired to some quiet spot for forty days and forty nights to have been fit to answer the question in the right way. I led them to confess their sins and receive Jesus Christ as their Saviour. My study was consecrated that night by the regeneration of sinful hearts. Shortly after this, at the close of a Sunday morning's service, three little girls came to see me in my house, and asked whethe'r they were too young to go to heaven. My heart was gladdened when I found that they understood what it meant to be converted.

So the work began, and classes were formed to meet after each Sunday morning's service, and the membership of the Church was truly established when after a time of trial these converts were

baptized. From that time to this the Church has increased in numbers, until now we have 96 churches; 200 other preaching places; 67 Papuan pastors; 58 Papuan local preachers; 209 class leaders; 2,169 full members; 1,341 members on trial; 6,363 catechumens; 31,238 attendants on public worship.

There have been, and are, difficulties of no light character in establishing the Gospel amongst the Papuans. It is sad to have to say it, but it is true, that one of the chief hindrances to the spread of the Gospel is the conduct of many of the white residents, who either directly oppose Christian missions, or whose lives are, to say the least, not good, examples to follow. It seems pitiful that we should succeed in making converts, and then as soon as they have a desire to improve their mode of life, to be compelled to hand them over to employers of labor many of whom are so antagonistic to missionary enterprise. The recruiting system under which men and youths" sign on" to planter, or miner, or trader, for from one to three years, away from their own homes, is under most careful supervision by government officers, but it is generally acknowledged to be a nec'essary evil, but an evil whereby natives find work and employers make their various industries pay. But the sooner this system gives way to the employing of free labor, the better it will be for the race. Missionaries agree that if only they had the natives to themselves for sonie years, mission work -would be much easier.

The Rev. F. W. Walker with his Papuan Indnstries Ltd., and the Rev. Charles W . .Abel of the K. E . .A., with his community around Kwato, are to be congratulated on their efforts to lead the people to engage profitably in industries which will benefit the native population directly and give them the opportunity of becoming valuable assets to the community.

In the Methodist Mission the Rev. N. K. Gilmour, the wise and able leader, has succeeded in teaching converts of the mission to understand the sacredness of manual labor, and training them to repair boats, build launches, saw timber, and engage in other practical technical work.

There are difficulties also amongst the natives themselves. For generations they' have lived under the law of custom, and either through fear or inclination, have with persistent obstinacy obeyed such law. When they realized that missionaries had come to live amongst them with a message of peace, they gave up cannibalism, the last case of which occurred when we had been resident a few weeks, and buried the skulls that had adorned their houses, but when the missionary's wife attended the funeral of a woman friend who had died soon after childbirth, they claimed the right to bury the live child with the dead mother, and were only dissuaded from the act by the strong determination of the white woman who was then compelled to adopt the child to save its life. On another occasion the

MISSIONARY WORK IN PAPUA, Nl'JW GUI,,{EA

missionary's wife and a South Sea Island teacher's wife held the fort at an open graveside where a woman was being buried alive, until the missionary came and by strong moral suasion had the woman taken out of the grave and nursed until she was truly dead. Many evil customs have passed away where mission iniluence has been felt.

Even amongst the true converts there is the great difficulty of lack of leadership. Every man thinks himself as good or better than his neighbor, which is true communism. On one occasion I exhorted the native captain of a mission ship, that he should make his crew do more and himself do less, but he said that if he were to talk to them too much they would say, "Is he the only wise man amongst us ? We know as much as he does." The hesitancy of that seacaptain is an illustration of the difficulty there is in persuading even Christian converts to become true leaders.

At this stage of the Mission's operation leaders are being trained, but for some time yet it will be no light task to choose leaders who will take due responsibility amongst this communistic people.

. Thank God encouragements are many, and the time is not far distant when we shall have not only acting catechists as at present, but full catechists and native ministers. lt[any of the people are clever and brave and now lovable, loving and faithful. As a race they are not orators, but some of them after training have become good preachers of the Gospel. A spirit of self-dependence is being generated in the native Church, and the members are themselves taking in hand the ruling of native customs in their own villages. At first generosity was not known amongst them, but lately they have been educated to give in support of their own native pastors, and to contribute to outside interests such as the "Red Cross" and "Children's Relief Funds."

The impact of civilization increases the difficulties of missionary work, but we have faith to believe that the Gospel which has led so many of the Papuans to an experimental knowledge of the salvation of Jesus Christ, will also be the means of uplifting the people as they rise in the scale of civilization.

When we first went to Papua in the year 1891, the people looked upon our message and our living amongst them as something not to be understood; it was as if they were looking into a pall of darkness, but by the preaching of the Gospel and by living the Truth, there came a mist in the place of darkness in which they could see some new form appearing. Out of the mist there came a composite figure made up of the missionary and J eSllS Christ; then by the iniluence of the Holy Spirit the light has broken in and the missionary has been able to retreat behind the Christ, so that it is He whom they see. This is the great object of our:mission work, and is a revelation of the worthwhile work that has been done.

Apostle to the Slums of

The Work of Toyohiko Kagawa, Japanese Social Leader BY MISS HELEN TOPPING, KOBE, JAPAN Y. W. C. A. Secretary T OYOHIKO KAGAWA, of Kobe, is probably the foremost social worker of Japan. When he was a theological student in the Presbyterian seminary, he became possessed of the social passion to serve his fellow men and braved opposition to do the unheard-of thing of going and living in a two-mat house in the slums, with his wife, who was a former factory girl. In twelve years they had created an embryo settlement and had raised the level of life in that slum a perceptible degree. Meanwhile 11r. Kagawa has been writing books-he is a thorough-going expert in sociology-and has put the social message into popular novels. The first, "Over the Dead Line," is a "best seller" among modern Japanese novels; and its sequel is having a similar success. 'rhe reason, he says, is that everywhere the young people are hungry for real Christian love.

The whole life of Kagawa San is lived for the people. Wherever there is human need he fearlessly gives himself. Most of the better folks in Japan are now on his side–princes are his inquirers, counts his converts, thousands of the laborers are his devoted friends and followers. His name is one to conjure with among the common people, as he organizes the farmers for mutual help, or starts a school for laborers-there seems to be no limit to his activities. He is working always at the limit of his strength.

He was still in his teens when he wrote the story of his life, "Crossing the Dead Line." The enormous income it produces is devoted to the support of his settlement, dispensary, medical staff of two doctors and several nurses, and a Sunday-school. Proceeds from sales of his books, though he is still 'a young man, are contributory t<1 the work of carrying on his benevolences.

While Mr. Kagawa is small in stature, his little wiry body is alive with schemes for bettering conditions, plans for housing, plans for free medical care, and extension of evangelistic work. He refused to become the director of the government Social Bureau because in this work he could not preach Christ. He is often called into consultation by capitalists and peers seeking advice on labor and social questions. He is aiding various public movements, speaking to great assemblages all over the Empire, and has given valuable advice on the industrial work of the Y. W. C. A. "-'he present social awakening is leading to a great spiritual revival all over Japan. Pray for Kagawa San, foremost as a social worker, labor leader, novelist and Christian minister.

126

= ", ..__BEST

~ _ aua a•• _ caa EDITED BY MRS. E. C. CRONK, 721 MUHLENBURG BLDG., PHILADELPHIA, PA.

CALL JOSHUA O UR responsibility is not covered by the days of our life. We are debtors also to the days after our death. A man's obligation to his post-mortem days is so important that God talked with one man about it. For many years Moses had been in a position of leadership, but God does not count that a man's responsibility ends with two score or even four score years of service. "And the Lord said unto Moses, Behold thy days approach that thou mtts't die: call Joshua." With divine directness the Lord stated the certainty of approaching death. Here was no human weakness that cautiously suggested: "Now, in case anything should happen." There was no evidence of the professional finger of a physician or nurse warning against" undue excitement. " The statement of the Lord was one of simple and certain futurity: "Behold thy days approach that thou must die." Neither was there any avoidance of the delicate subject of succession-" Call Joshua." The matter of supreme importance was not the choice of a suitable epitaph for Moses. The drawing up of specifications for his mausoleum, and the drafting of resolutions of appreciation of his work were not mentioned, nor the selection of hymns to be sung at his funeral. Above everything else' the Lord set the on-going of the work which Moses had begun. When Joshua received his commission from the Lord, Moses was not found wailing because he had been laid on the shelf and his work was not appreciated. Deuteronomy 31: 14 paints a picture wbich sbould be on exhibit throughout the ages. It portrays the cooperation of age and youth in leadership-" And Moses and Joshua went and presented themselves in tbe tabernacle of the congregation." On the same day Moses wrote a song and taught it to the children of Israel. His song was not of lamentation but of loyalty. To Joshua he gave the personal assurance, "I win be with thee. "

No call is more needed in the missionary leadership of today than the Joshua call. Why should we deal evasively with ourselves V Only short-sighted leadership winces at the inescapable certainty of approaching death. Even for the youngest, the working days are few. At the very beginning of any important work there should be training for the leadership which provides for its continuance. There is no glory to the man whose work falls in crumbling ruins when he leaves it. Age should call youth. Experience should enlist and train inexperience. Together, age and youth should present themselves in the tabernacle for the blessing of the Lord. There is no danger of youth running riot if, when Moses presents himself before the Lord, he calls Joshua to go with him, and if, when Joshua faces his tasks, Moses blesses bim with the assurance, "I will be with thee.", No leader has a right to die until he has called Joshua.

127

A LACK OF PERCEPTION utterance to the conviction that stirred his ~oul concerning the re- Lead~rs of advancing years have sponsibility of Christians to give the Gospel to the whole world, a devoutly difficulty in realizing the correspond- indignant leader called out, " Sit down, young man! When God ing advance ill the veal'S of their pleases to convert the heathen He will do it without your help or mine." juniors. In "Vignettes from Real Antedating this experience by several thousand years was that of another Life" the artist, in portraying a elderly leader who lacked perception of God's call to youth. When the young man as he looks to his friends, Lord called Samuel, Eli instructed him to "lie down again." Three printed under the dimpled features times the call came before Eli "per- ceived that the Lord had called the of a cherub, "As Mother Sees Him child. "

and Always Will." ::Iay no lack of perception on the part oj' adult leadership soothe back In upbraiding a daughter for in- to sleep the children and youth of today who are called of God to do His dependence of thinking and planning, work.

a mother, with apparent sincerity, an- WORKING PLANS nounced to her twenty-four year old daughter, ""When I was your age I :;tayed at home and minded my mother." Now the truth of the matter was that at eighteen that mother was married and at twenty- four she not only attended to the affairs of a household but was train- ing two or three children to "mind" her. .

"Ve continue to ass;ign tasks of "We made excellent plans for a juvenile proportions – mere "busy- Missionary Rally for our young peo- work" in miRRiolLs-to young pe.ople pIe," announced a business man who who are taking important places in was a leader in his AV'OID READY·ro. church, "but they business and professional life.

Recently a young woman was asked WEAR M.ETHODS didn't take hold. It's to be one of a group of girls to pass hard to get anything the offering plates in a convention across with the young folks of today."

bession. She was a dainty little mite who appeared to the bi-focaled eyes Why not plan to give the young of the convention officers to be about folks a part in the plan making 1 sixteen. They had a general impres- 'rhey know the mind of youth and the sion that the passing of that silver best avenues of approach. If you collection plate was the biggest and pool the ages of your committees who most serious work she had ever done, have the young people's work in and hoped that when she was through charge, is an average of thirty-five school she might settle down and take years too low'! This would admit to an active part in the work. As a the committee one member with the matter of fact she was a capable seasoned jndgment of fifty years, an- young woman in her twenties, who other of thirty-five years, and three had already "settled down" in a with the enthusiasm and creative splendid position as director in charge ability of the twenties.

of an important department of her Success does not attend the handing city's largest store. She was handling down of ready-to-wear plans. A $25,000 contracts in the business better method is to cut by good pat- world, but had never faced anything terns and then make plans tsoitouartdieor~ measuring carefully the larger in missionary work than walk- ing the length of the church with a they are expected to fit.

collection plate. Again and again there are banquets More than a hundred years ago for young people with an unbroken when young William Carey, in an line of grey heads at the tables re- ecclesiastical meeting, assayed to give served for officers and speakers. At

BEST METHODS

high schools and colleges young peo- In making up councils and conven- ple are found abundantly capable of tion delegations too little thought is presiding over their own functions. given to including at least Voluntarily they often invite speakers CONVENTION a few young people. AND COUNCIL commI• ttees who have attained grey-haired dis- DELEGATIONS Boards and tinction and at the same time a con- . may be constituted chief- siderable amount of wisdom. As ly of men and women of experience, guests of honor whose counsel is and yet have in their membership a sought they are heard with deep in- sprinkling of youth in line for ex- terest and great profit. .As members perience.

of committees their leadership is The youngest daughter of a farm- prized. While there is reason for er's family consecrated her life in membership on a committee on young service. "How did it happen that people's work for one or more mem- you have so much interest in mis- bers of sixty or fifty or forty years sions ~" asked a friend.

of age, there is no reason why the "When I was a very little girl,"

average age of the committee should she replied, "I used to ride behind be held to sixty or fifty or even forty. my sister on her big horse when she 1£ we would have youth take counsel went to her missionary meetings and with age let us beware lest age fail to T inhaled a great deal of missionary take counsel with youth. atmosphere. "

Read this quotation from a 1925 Young people soon learn to be' letter from a fine young physician: creators as well as inhalers of mis- "We had in the sionary atmosphere if we make room SKILL COY E S hospital for an opera- for them instead of riding off to our THROUGH OBSER- tion yesterday a little councils and conventions and leaving v A T ION FQL- boy with the worst de- them behind.

LOWED BY ACTION formed legs I have In this day of substitutes nothing ever seen. Dr. Blank has yet been found to take the place started in to fix the left leg and when of Mission Stu d Y whether it cIisassi,northae he had made his incision he handed MISSION STUDY form of a me the scalpel and directed me to go CI.ASSESANDDIS- CUSSlON GB.Oups ahead and fix the right leg. The discussion group. In operation consisted of cutting down every church there should be one or to the bone, stripping back the more classes especially for young peo- periosteum, cutting through the big ple. In many of our churches we feel bone of the lower leg, breaking it and that if we can report, "A Mission then breaking the smaller bones, and Study Class," we have reached the then the closing of the wound. I had standard of excellence required by to put ~he bandages and casts on both our organization. Whatever other legs. classes we have there should be at "It was a whale of a responsibility least one study class or discussion and if that lad doesn't get a straight group especially for young people.

pair of legs it isn't going to be my .At the polls it is mentioned with fault. Believe me, I'm watching over blunt interrogation, "How old are him as a farmer watches over his you ~" In the courts watermelon patch!" THE YATTER there are no hidden mys- f bu t 'ill the Here is something worthy of adap- MWEENTFIEOANR TO terl•es age, 0 tation in missionary methods. If a . missionary society we great surgeon can safely hand his fear to speak of age. In scores of scalpel to a young interne to operate churches there is a subconscious rec- on one leg out of two, cannot a mis- ognition of the fact that the majority sionary leader hand the gavel to of the members of the young people's y-outh for at least one meeting out of society have passed the age limit but twelve' it seems a heartless thing to speak of 4

it. In reality it is a more heartless few localities in which there are not thing not to speak of it. One might some representatives of different races think that excommunication from the and peoples. Reading courses may church was being proposed when pro- be followed by studies and friendmotion to the proper age group is ships in real life. "Never," conthe only thing involved. It is more fessed an American student, "have I absurd to fear to make it known that been so charmed as I was by some adults of thirty or thirty-five years stories of India told by a student of of age should not be in the young that land." people's group than to fear to say that intermediates of thirteen should That Indian student'8 Christianity not be in the beginners department. and his interpretation of fine ideal- The integrity of young people's ism as revealed by some of the high points of his story gave new illumigroups should be preserved inviolate. nation to a prosaic lesson which America has dully endeavored to The age grouping now adopted by teach. Not every city or community practically all agencies in the field of religious education is: can have New York's or Philadel- phia's International House, but every Beginners: 3- 4- 5 city and community can foster inter- Primary; 6· 7· 8 national friendship.

Junior: 9-10-11 Intermediate: 12-13-14 Senior: 15-17 PRACTICAL METHODS IN STRENGTHENING INTER- Yo~gPeople: 18-23 NATIONAL FRIENDSHIP By ELMElI THOMPSON Adult: Above 23.

Scientific and educational recogni- tion is given to the fact that at twen- ty-three young people enter the adult A Filipino student, but a few group. At that age in our churches hours in Philadelphia, was introduced theY' should be transferred to adult to a South American at the Interna- organizations. There is need of a tional Students' House. On learning new age grouping and designation in the latter's name Mr. Layidea, de- most of our churches. F'ormerly we lighted at finding a mutual bond of have been accustomed to use the terms friendship, burst out, "'Why, yours junior and senior as they are applied is a ]<-'ilipino name!"

to college courses and not in reference "No," said the South American, to the ages of 9-10-11 and 15-17. with some hauteur, "mine's a Span- Promotion to the adult group does ish name."

not of necessity involve membership " And," chimed in the Foreign Stu- in a society with a membership com- dent Secretary, who had done the posed entirely of advanced age. There introducing, "Mr. Lavidea's name is may be various adult groups-the also Spanish!" .

young matrons may have their own This little incident but obviously meetings, and various other groupings illustrates that "methods of working may be formed as occasion demands. with foreign students" are not so But, as a rule, member~4ip in young important in their technical detail as people's groups ~ould be limited to is the point of view of the w,orker.

eighteen to twenty-three, except in Foreign students are not different the case of official or advisory rela- from other students except that they tionship, unless some other age group- are more strange to their surround- ing is recommended by the denomi- ings than the American students. A nation. homesick freshman from. California It used to be that books afforded may be best fitted to work effectively the only opportunity for young peo- with his brother from Japan if he can INTERNATIONAL pIe of different lands realize brotherhood at the beginning FRIENDSHIPS to leat:n to know each and what mutual humanity demands other. Now there are in that regard, because they both

BEST ME'l'HODS

come at their new surroundings from ments, stereopticon lectures, etc., afa sympathetic point of view. No fords the contact'S we seek. Forums condescension or reasons for patron- where international subjects are izing are due from either. Each has frankly and freely discussed give the a free field to learn with and from opportunity for friendly volcanic the other. With motives of mutual outbursts that relieve the feelings and equality and a spirit of absolute do no damage. The dining room is a interestedness in the other man and his country, should we meet our I N THill RICH ~~ELLOWSHIP OF THE INguests from abroad, eager to learn all TERNATIONAL HOUSE IN PHlhADEoLwe can from them of their people, PH[~ STUDENTS OF ALL THE their point of view and ways of do- WORLD SHAKE HANDS ing things. Oddly enough, it very often happens that the "foreigner" most effective means for forming (we don't like the word) doesn't real- friendly associations. ize either his responsibility or his opportunity to represent his nation Those nations with the most stubefore the American people, giving dents, e. g., China, Japan and Russia, us the education in which we stand give national evenings when the stuin need. Therefore, to draw him out dents may enterta~n their friends . in a wise and helpful self-expression A constant str eam of invitations is in the same ,way of which we work steered in different directions among with the American student is our the foreign student group into prijob. The same methods are effective. vate homes, for 'l'hanksgiving and The International Students' House in Philadelphia is " a great asset" (to use the words of an English student just two weeks in the country), as a center where the men and women from abroad meet each other and make American friends. The regular Priday evening Open House with interesting and profitable entertain- NINE OF THE FIFTY-THREE NATIONALITIES REPRESENTED AT THE INTERNATIONAL HOUSE IN PHlhADELPHIA MEETING TOGETHER

Christmas dinners, and at other times. as adjacent states were yesterday, and The Provost of the university gives American pastors are being advised a Christmas dinner to all the students to be ready to welcome members from unable to go home at that time. The l:<Juropean churches to their folds.

Philadelphia Chamber of Commerce Among the best methods of con- has given five annual dinners to the necting up these newcomers to Amer- foreign students in Philadelphia, ex- ica with their own churches are those hibiting the city's good-will and planned and operated by the Home spirit of brotherly love to people of Missions Council and the Council of all nations. This occasion was origi- Women for Home Missions through nated by the International Students' their "Bureau of Reference for Mi- House management. grating People."

IJittle informal Sunday afternoon Instead of waiting until the immi- teas, given by the director and his grants reach America and hoping that wife, convey a sense of "homeness" then they will make themselves known most acceptable to those who have no to the pastors of churches of their other home touch. Sightseeing trips faith, the work of connecting up be- to historic points in the city and to gins in Eur()pe as soon as their pas- industrial plants are often taken. sage is booked. Approximately eight Special occasions are arranged for hundred names of immigrants sailing the unprejudiced discussion of reli- for America are sent every month to gion and the .presentation of the his- pastors of American churches.

toric facts of the Christian religion As a result a glad hand of welcome upon which our faith is based. to the churches of their choice awaits By these and various means is good these strangers at the end of their will disseminated and to judge froID' journey and they find to their amazethe expressions of appreciation by ment tha.t some one knows their foreign students in Philadelphia, by names, how many children they have, those returned to their homelands, and what they hope to do. Best of and by the parents of· those who have all they discover that some one is inbut recently arrived in our midst, we terested in helping them to make a are convinced beYDnd all doubt of the home and friends in the new land. strategic value of a center like the International Students' House, with _ An unusual type or cooperation is its full program, as an important being employed in this comparatively agency for the maintenance and de- new method of work. It begins with velopment of the peace of the world. a special worker at Ellis Island who reaches one hand in the direction of RELATING EUROPEAN IMMI- Europe for information regarding GRANTS TO AMERICAN immigrants who are sailing, and the CHURCHES othcr toward the welfare workers at Ellis Island and the secretaries of the Constantly our attention is called various mission boards in New York to the shrinkage of the world. In who are cooperating. Next in line these days nations as well as states are church federations and church are neighhors. l~ussia and Poland officials in every state in the union are not far from America. In the and pastors and rectors to whom the olden days up-to-date pastors whose names of Protestant immigrants are members were moving to another city sent.

wrote to the pastor of their faith in Now in every state Protestant pas- that city advising him of their com- tors are cooperating heartily in the ing so that a welcome to the fellow- plan, and are reporting their ap- ship of the Church would await them. proval of it as the following e'xtracts Of late the welcoming hands of the from letters, received from pastors Church are stretched further. Euro- to whom names. have been sent, indi- pean countries are as near us today cate:

BEST METHODS

, 'I am impressed with this method of Through this worker of the Church keeping in touch with the new arrivals in many personat services and special our country. I think this family will come comforts were given to lighten the into church life as a resnlt." tedious hours of waiting, and, a sys- tematic effort was made through the "Were surprised and quite pleased to find facilities of the Social Service Dethe church followed them with her motherly partment to locate the fiance and to interest.' , expedite the adjustment of Mary's difficulties. , 'I think this is a fine procedure and I will be very glad to look after any refer· The government telegram to the enees here." fi.ance had failed to reach him because of change of employment and ad- "They seemed very appreciative of the dress. After some persistent tracing, attention and promised to associate them· he was located. He immediately selves with our chnrch work and life." eame to Ellis Island, greatly relieved of a burden of alLxiety. , , These people assured me that they ~reatly appreciated the kindliness and help· Through the assistance of the Ellis fulness of your representatives." Island worker, iVIary was soon able to leave under the proper guardianship. , 'Member of Methodist Church and had The necessary safeguards in agreeletters of introduction to local pastor; gave ment with the government regulations uecessary information to put her in touch for girls coming to America as brides, with him." were promptly complied with. Ac- eordingly she was discharged to the "Catholic family. They appreciated visit. custody of the Social Service worker, He has found a church home in a near·by who took her and her fiance to the Catholic church. We are calling to the at· Court House for their marriage litention of Father Butler (a fine Catholic cense and arranged for a duplicate of man) all we know of this family and asking the license to be filed with the Immihim to cooperate in obtaining him employ· gration officials. The worker also ment. The fact he is a Catholic does not conducted them to the chapel of a prevent-our attempting to secure employment near-by community house where the for him.'"' ceremony was performed by a minis- ter. Their hearts were filled with The experience of one Scotch girl gratitude as the worker bade them shows in a very concrete way the type "Good-bye" on the train. of helpful work being· accomplished: When the young couple reached the She started out from Scotland to new home community in Pennsylmarry a man in the ' ,Promised vania, a- group of friends were wait- ing for them at the station. "We've Land" e..'!:pecting to go with him to been looking for you," they cried. settle in Pennsylvania. When she "We had a telegram that you were was leaving, her minister said, "Las- on your way. Welcome! and hapsie, you must have a letter. It will piness to you!" help you on your way. I have a printed form here of the 'Bureau of The minister of the local church Reference' to churches in the United called upon them in their new home. He had received notice of their ar- States. " rival through the Bureau of Refer- Giving little thought to the letter, ence. In the days that followed, these young people became staunch Mary stowed it away in her purse. members of the church, loyal and de- All went well until she reached Ellis pendable in their support of all its Island. Here there were legal diffi- enterprises. culties delaying her admission. Long weary hours she waited in the deten- Church ties had become "Hands tion rooms, not knowing whether her across the Sea." fiance was coming for her or whether she was to be deported.

But on the second day after Mary's arrival, a Christian social worker at Ellis Island sought her out. The worker had received through the Bureau of Reference a notice in the mail from Mary's minister back in Scotland and from the port chaplain at Liverpool. Mary remembered her own letters. Church greetings and credentials were exchanged.

Woman's Home Mission

EDITED BY FLORENCE E. QUINLAN, 156 FIFTH AVENUE, NF:W YORK CITY MILLSTONES America to protect her children and Excerpts from the leafiet recently published by such a statement as this is made the ~ouncil of Woman for Home Missions. Fed- ., But America has not settled he; eratIOn of Woman's Boards of Foreign Missions, and Young Women's Christian Association.'" own child labor question. Why, , , We like us," said a small boy of therefore, should Christians and Americans preach to us 1" The reflex his family. "We like us" in the of the child labor situation in Amer- United States, too, and we think of ica is thus seen to complicate our forourselves as an nnusually progressive eign mission problems. nation. We believe we have a high standard of living, widespread oppor- We have child labor in every state tunities for education, and a real re- of the United States. Why V In some gard for the future of our citizens. places pe·ople may not care, or they Have we? may care but have no law to help them prevent it. Perhaps there is a law Compare our industrial standards without adequate provision for enwith those of the International Labor forcing it. Some children may be 90nference which met in Washington caught by an inter-state situation m H119. Thirty-nine nations were where even a good state or local law represented there and twelve interna- cannot protect them. Or do we let tional agreements were adopted about child labor continue just because we some of the everyday needs of people do not know much about it T who work. Among other things it was agreed that no children under Canned Childhood fourteen years of age should be employed in an industrial undertaking There is a government study of and no young persons should be em- familie~ w?rking in oyster and shrimp ployed at night. Each nation was left cannenes III the Gulf Coast regionto put these standards in practice for Mississippi, Louisiana and Florida. itself. Have we 1 The study included 544 working chil- dren under sixteen years of age; 332' From people on the mission field were youngsters between six and fourwe hear that we are a cause of stum- teen. There were even two workers bling to other nations, particularly to under six (one four and one five). those of the Orient where modern These children shuck oysters and peel industry is developing so rapidly and or pick shrimp. The work depends on where there is very littl~ public opin- the catch. It begins anywhere from ion demanding laws for the protec- three to seven 0 'clock in the morning. tion of childhood. It ma~ last a few hours, or all day, or on mto the evening. Considering We come into close contact with the way they work, it is not surprising this problem through our foreign mis- to learn that a quarter of the older sion work-in China, for example, ones-those between ten and fifteen where the Church is taking a stand years-are illiterate. for the protection of children in industry. However, in the efforts of The work is wet and dirty. Shells th~ 9hinese Church to create public are sharp, and the shuckers use opmlOn and to change deplorable con- knives, so cuts are frequent. Sheds ditions, it is faced with the failure of are cold, damp and drafty. No seats are provl"ded. The shuckers stand at • Single copie~ free. In bulk for free dis- 0 yst er cars, swaY.Ing back and f orth tribution, $21.25 per 1.000. plus transportation· as they work; bending over farther q$u2.e1s5ts foorr o1rd0e0r," ptoluCs oturnacnisl poofrtWatioomne. n fSoernHd omree: Missions, 156 Fifth Ave., New York City.

134 and farther to reach the oysters as was very busy……. There are tWo they empty the cars. or three thousand boys and girls work- ing in that center." An acid in the head of the shrimp eats into the hands, making the flesh How About Your Communityl raw and sore. Some employers provide alum water in which the workers In one Pennsylvania community can rinse their hands to toughen the over a tenth of all the thirteen-yearskin. old children had commenced regular work. Some of the children come from the North and return in the spring to the Two hundred and forty-five girls Middle Atlantic states where they from thirteen to fifteen years old were work until fall, perhaps in corn, to- employed full-time in clothing and mato and fruit canneries under con- cigar factories. Full-time meant from ditions much the same as those in the nine to ten hours a day for most of oyster canneries of the Gulf. them, but it meant from ten to eleven hours every day for thirty-three of An inquiry in the State of Wash- these young girls. ington showed children under sixteen at work in practically all of the can- Children Under Fourteen neries-chiefly fruit, vegetable and fish. In several canneries girls were The most accurate statistics for the standing on, wet floors; in one, the entire country are the 1920 census water was two inches deep. In most figures. They do not include the chilplaces there was not room enough to dren under ten and they were colpass between the rows of workers. lected at a period of the year when Mill Children the industries employing children "The real tragedy," says a North were not working full time. Even so, Carolina teacher, "is not the child there were counted over 10,000 ten to when it goes to work but this child thirteen-year-oIds at work in factories, ten or fifteen years later, sunken mills, canneries, workshops and minel:1. chested, emaciated, with depleted vi- Many more youngsters of this age tality. " A health officer reports from were engaged in other gainful occupaa survey of one thousand children tions-378,063 to be exact. Picture to that the mill children on reaching the yourself just those in the factories, age when usually put to work "began mines and canneries-a line of 10,000 a decline which continued through the -the oldest thirteen. Is it because entire period of. growth." Picture we do not see these children that we to yourself the conditions under let this go on in America? which many of these children work. "The rooms are of necessity kept hot Fourteen and Over and the air moistened in order that the thread may be pliant; . . . . . . the There are 18.2,408 children fourteen atmosphere is deadening…….. The and fifteen years old working in constant monotonous roar of the ma- mines, manufacturing and mechanical chinery cannot help but have a dele- establishments. There are over 50,000 terious effect on the nerves of the more in other kinds of work. workers, especially the adolescent." Physicians, appointed to formulate A visitor to New England mills de- a code of standards for the Children's scribes one of the best factories he Bureau of the United States Departsaw: "The floor of the great cotton ment of Labor say that no child,ren mill vibrated under my feet…… . under sixteen should enter industry. The weaver beside me, as I stood In scientific terms they say: "Since watching the shuttle shooting back it is recognized that the physiological and forth, was a kid in short pants. and psychological readjustments of He was little. He seemed dull. He pubescence determine a period of gen- eral instal:iility which makes great and special demands upon the vitality of a child, it is of paramount importance

that he should be protected during dust, lint, poisonous fumes, varieties this period from the physical and in temperature and long periods in nervous strain which entrance into cramped positions. Limitation of industry inevitably entails." hours of work and regulation of Accidents and Illne•• health conditions seem to be needs as obvious as that of protection from One thousand one hundred and sh:- dangerous machinery.

teen cases of industrial accidents hap- Home Work pened to children between fourteen and eighteen years of age in Massa- Antoinette goes directly home from (:husetts in one year. Only accidents school and then stands and emwhich caused "disability" of more broiders until late at night. If she than ten days' duration are counted works all the time she is not in school, in this number. In one year, in the she earns about $2.50 a week. She three states of Wiscoll.'lin, Massachu- misses almost every third day of setts and New Jersey there were 7,478 school. The work is hard on her eyes. industrial accidents to young workers Antoinette is too tired to study, too under twenty-one years of age. These tired to play. states were not picked out because they are worse than others but be- Five thousand children in three cause official records were available. cities of Rhode Island were found at These 7,478 ·include in one state, only such home work. They were from accidents which caused disability of five to fifteen years old. Most of over seven days, in the other two them worked after supper. Lighting states, disability of over ten dayq. in many or the homes was very poor. Thirty-eight of these young people The children worked at such things as died; 920 of them were more or less carding snaps, stringing tags, drawcompletely disabled for life. This ing threads on lace, finishing underhappened in one year-in threc wear and jewelry. Among contagious states. And there are forty-eight diseases in homes where work was states. being done-in some cases by the sick themselves-were influenza, pneu- "Because they are too young to ap- monia, mumps, t y P hoi d fever, preciate the risks involved either to measles, Whooping cough, tOMillitis, themselves or others," the United diphtheria, tuberculosis and syphilis. States Children's Bureau tells us. "boys and girls will not observe the In one city of New Jersey ov-;;r precautions necessary for self-pro- 1,000 children between six and fourtection in industries in which there teen were reported doing sweatshop is danger of industrial poisoning or work at home. Some of them were so tired that they fell asleep at their accident due to power-working ma- desks in school. There were many cases of defective eyesight. These chinery. " children worked on nightgowns, bead- Even for children who escape ac- ing, embroidery, infants' wear, dolls. ddent there are dangers in industry flowers. "Many homes were found in the loss of strength and vitality and nnsanitary and persons suffering in inc.reased susceptibility to disease. from communicable diseases were One study reveals the tuberculosis found employed therein." A large death rate for minors of fourteen to amount of the home work was shipped nineteen years to be about twice !l..'l in from other states-New York and high among boys and girls workin~ Pennsylvania. A manufacturer could in the mills of that state as among thereby escape the regulations of his boys and girls not so employed. Chil- own state and not be subject to the dren are not only more prone to acci- penalties of the New Jersey laws. dent than adults are but are more susceptible to industrial poisoning and are affected more severely by rock (Continued in March issue.)

Woman's Foreign Mission

EDITED BY MISS ELLA D. MACLAURIN, 25 MADISON AVENUE, NEW YORK CITY A TOKYO STUDENT AT VASSAR year, I find quite a difference. Two In March, 1923, Miss Eiko Fukui years ago I 'was a shy little stranger, was graduated with highest scholastic over-sensitive to what the people said honors from the Special English and did and over-nervous about what Course of the Woman's Christian I should say and do in this new en- College of Tokyo, Japan. She had vironment. But now I can say heartbeen president of the Literary Society ily that I feel perfectly at home with and of the Young Woman's Christian the people and customs in spite of my Association. ,Vhen she went to Peking still very imperfect knowledge of as a delegate to' the meeting of the English. Though this change came World's Christian Student Federa- to me gradually through various extion she became It friend and a warm periences, I can trace back and point admirer of Chinese students. out several outstanding experiences which have led me to feel so at home Later :Miss Fukui entered Vassar in America. The following are frank College and will soon complete her bits of what I should call-the evolucourse for the B.A. degree. It is the tion of my acquaintance with Amerhope of her Japanese Alma Mater ica. that she will return to the Women's Christian College in rrokyo as direc- On September 19th of 1924 after tor of social and religious activities. the long trip from Japan I came to At her graduation she gave an ad- Vassar College for registration acdress in English in which she said: companied by my only American friend who was my guardian on that We wish to salute you, our gracious Alma journey. I was rather wearied with Mater, and to offer to you our heartiest that long trip, nervous and excited praises for your beauty, which is of youth, with the new environment and worand for your wisdom, which is as wonder- ried about my family whose lives were ful as the ages. At the close of our spring- time, here in yonr presence, we pause to uncertain to me after that great earthgaze into the heart of this mystical flower quake, the news of which reached us of our college life and there to contemplate on the ocean ten days after we left again the lessons which it has bestowed upon Japan. On that same evening of the us. It has shown to us the glorious privi- registration day when that lady, who lege of CUltivating our minds by seeking the was my sole friend in America, left deep places of knowledge. And it has in- me my heart almost ached with lonespired us to sharpen those tools of intel- liness. The vast campus with high lectual curiosity and concentration with which we work. Because of the mysterious heauty of its own life, it has encouraged us buildings and white faces looked constantly to seek to apprehend its Creator strange to me and I experienced real and our Father. As we have witnessed its homesickness for the first time in my eonstant growth, through the working to· life. gether of spiritual forces, it has aroused in us the longing for a similar development The next day was Sunday. Accordwhich can only come by the action of that ing to the old traditions at Vassar divine and life·giving principle of "Service the upper-classmen come to call on an d Sacrifice." the newcomers. Group after group MY EXPERIENCES IN AMERICA of girls streamed into my little, single room. Surrounding me all around, EIKO FrrKm tlley asked me hundreds of questions When I look over these two years of about Japan, while examining with my life in America and compare my- curiosity my fE;atures, my costumes self of the present with that of last and my strange'manners. However.

137

in my attempt to answer them with before, but the greatest and the most my poor, broken English, I forgot wonderful thing to me was that in- the vague loneliness for a while. expressibly warm, lovely atmosphere which pervaded the whole conference. Meanwhile the classes began. The I never saw such a lovely group of rush from one class to another, the girls – so eager, intelligent and frank, hearty discussions in the class- friendly. Among those six hundred es, the heaps of assignments wjhich students from different colleges there were always more than I could finish were about sixty Vassar girls most in a whole evening and the noisy din- of whom I never had had a chance to ing-room with chats, laughter and know well in my busy life of the first slang-all these were too new for me year and among whom I found some to get accustomed to them easily. On real lasting friends. There I felt the the campus and everywhere I was girls treating me not as a curio but greeted with a look of curiosity and associating with me on the common the call of "Hello." I had only a ground of friendship. The most very few experiences of being looked thrilling thing to me was that I could at with contempt as if one were to talk with them perfectly frankly and say-" I see you are one of those J aps express my natural self with no fear from the uncivilized land of the Ris- and no restraint. Thus partly by ing Sun." On the contrary, I was t.his friendship with the girls and invited for supper almost every night partly by the change of my attitude from passive to active, I began to by different 'groups of curious, loving feel at home gradually with America girls and I soon came to have many and love America sincerely. It was a casual acquaintances but no real wonderful sense of comfort which any friends. Always the original national foreigner could experience. I felt trait–reserve–kept me from express- this great joy growing when I visited ing my whole self and the feeling of some homes of my friends after Silver strangeness never left me but came Bay. Wherever I went, I was no back with real force whenever I was more the critical, sensitive, passive treated with too much attention or self but began to be my normal self whenever I received too many invita- enjoying heartily all the new experi- tions for speeches from churches. My ences. I was so happy that my family only impressions about the American could not believe me when I wrote girls were their gaiety and curiosity, such cheerful letters after the Exclu- and { had no time to get to know them sion Bill passed so that my father sent more than this because I was too busy me a cablegram asking me to write with my work and my adjustment to frankly of the attitude of the Amer- the new customs and environment. icans toward me and of some oil' my unpleasant experiences with them. Then a great change came to me dur- This I could not do simply because I ing the following summer. never had a single experience of that kind. I went to Silver Bay for the sum- mer student conference of the Y. W. The climax of my happiness . C. A. partl~' because of my yearning reached me when I spent almost seven for a pure, religious atmosphere after weeks in Ohio with the family of the that busy, strenuous year at Vassar friend of me and my family in Japan. and partly because of my curiosity to There I was treated not merely as a see what it looked like since I had friend but more as a real member of the family, as a real daughter and a heard so much about it. But I never sister. There I could forget entirely dreamed that such a change was com- the difference of nationality and I ing to me. 'fhe beautiful place with experienced the real joy of being per- fectly at home in America. those lovely mountains and the lake, the inspiring speeches, the interesting discussions, the swimming, boating and hiking-aU these were more fas- cinating than I had ever imagined

WOMAN'S "FOREIGN MISSION BULLETJN

When I went back to Vassar the so at home here that I often wonder next fall, the whole world looked dif- why we have wars if we get to know ferent to me from that of last year each other so well as to feel no difand I enjoyed the work and the ference in our contacts with the peofriendship tremendously. Further- ple of other countries. If we students come to America merely to study and more I had all sorts of new experi- go back home without knowing well ences, for example, the " Junior the American people, I think it is a Prom" into which I entered not as a great loss. In this respect I am very spectator but as one of the girls. grateful for my privileges and hope that many other foreign students will Though my life in America is very have the kind of experiences given to short and my experiences are little me during these two years of my life compared with those of some other in America. foreign students, as I look back I think that I have had at least two BOOKS OF INTEREST TO YOU most fortunate experiences as a foreign student. One is my experience "Before the Dawn," by Toyohiko at Silver Bay which gave me a most Kagawa. beautiful and enduring impression of the ideals of America, and the other "The Christ of the Indian Road," is my wonderful privilege of being a by E. Stanley Jones. member of a good family which has made me understand America far "A Daughter of the Samurai," by better than any other thing. I feel Etsu Inagaki Sugimoto.

A CLASS OF CHIN ESE !li1JRSES IN THE HANGOHOW MISSION HOSPITAL

FROM ,MANY

CHINA households were looted nor members Activities of Marshal Feng of their families molested though sev- eral had narrow escapes. Their FENG YU-HSIANG continues to heathen neighbors inquiring the rea- receive attention from both the re- son why they were so calm, gave them ligious and the secular press. The a splendid opportunity for witnessing latter, though sometimes calling him to the keeping power of God. A "the Christian General," classes him Christian widow, who has a small with the other military leaders fight- hosiery business, lives in a part of ing for supremacy, and reported the the city that was badly looted. Sollast of December that he had captured diers entered her shop evidently with Tientsin and appointed one of his offi- the intention of taking what they cers Governor of Chihli Province. wanted. Her young son, also a Chris- With the prospect of his becoming tian and one of our school boys, just the dominant figure in China, The then called out, 'Mother, don't be Christian Century says of him: afraid, God will take care of us.' The soldiers turned and walked out with- He is a complete nation3list, thoroughly out a word, not lifting even one pair skeptical of the intentions of the Western of socks. All the shops around her nations in his country, and at least for the suffered severe loss." time being inclined to seek backing and counsel from Russia. He is a believer in A Magistrate and Foot-Binding discipline, and IS likely to seek to introduce a spartan regime into such civil as well as A CHURCH of England deaconess military departments as may fall under his in Yungtsing, Chihli Province, control. writes of the reforms that are being brought about by a new county magis- A Church of England bishop in trate, who, she says, is one of Marshal North China, wrote of- him in T.he Feng's men and is following his ex- Mission Field: ample. He has had the town streets improved and has opened night He 1" still working hard on his own lines schools for both men and women. at Christianizing his army. .He is now or· "The third great matter," she says, ganizing a training college for chaplains "is foot-binding. The magistrate is who will, I believe, have to qualify in in· trying to enforce it on the women and dustrial work as well as in such knowledge girls; the older women are to unbind of the Bible as he demands, etc., as it is partially and the children wholly. his intention to usc his chaplains largely ;n Inspectors have been appointed to go developing industries for the good of the people. Large numbers of his soldiers are .till being baptized from time to time; opium has been practically banished, or at least driven undergronnd in Kalgan.

Chri.tian Shops Not Looted round to the houses every ten days and see whether the orders are being MANY false reports continue to carried out; they are to measure and come from China but those from keep notes of the size and growth of missionarieE: are generally reliable. each one's foot, and fines are to be American Presbyterian missionaries imposed on the disobedient. So far in Changteh, Hunan Province, write the only poople with unbound feet of of a bandit raid in . one of their out- have been a few Christians or chil- stations: "None the Christian dren who come to the church schools."

140 Overcoming Rural Illiteracy this step in order to escape the impu- tation of being a foreign, not an in- THE fight against illiteracy in digenous church. The council is to China, through the medium of the consist of eighty persons, of whom so-called ' ,thousand character sys- tifteen are to be missionaries. They tem" invented by James Yen, a Chris- request for the present a continuance· tian Chinf'-se educated in the United of foreign financial aid, but without States, is familiar to readers of the foreign control. "We are very much REVIEW. Rev. Hugh Hubbard, of the ashamed that we are unable to pro- American Board Mission at Paoting- vide for the missionaries." fu, has been using the system in a campaign for, rural mass education, Chinese Christian Gentlemen which is described as the first of its kind. He organized his churches for TWO of the early graduates of the putting night schools into hundreds Anglo-Chinese College in Tientsin, of communities. His pastors leaped whose father held at the time of their to the opportunity, the young farmers entering a position second only to the and villagers were keen to .learn, he provincial governor, are now, having furnished $1.00 per school for heat completed their medical studies in and light, he charged only ten cents England, rendering voluntary service for the textbook; incidentally he in the hospital of the London Mistaught the gospels and Christian sionary Society in Tientsin. One of hymns, and he closed his term with the missionaries writes: these results: 5,600 students between nine and fifty-seven years of age When I see these fine Christian gentlemen taught; 800 received diplomas; 400 at work there day after day, I rejoice that volunteer teachers enlisted; a type of the Gollege has had a share in their educacommunity service discovered for the tion . . , Their father, who was the first Church, inexpensive, immensely Minister for Foreign Affairs of the Reworth-while; a basis established for public, has been regular in attendance at teaching Christian truth; a demon- the college chapel on Sunday mornings for stration that illiteracy can be wiped many years. He holds the important posiout. . tion of President of the China International Commission for Famine Relief, and is one Swatow Baptists Independent whose adviee and support are sought for all good causes. One Sunday morning when THE movement, so familiar now in collections were to be made for the relief most mission fields, towards au- of the flood snfferers, he took the opportonomy for the native Church has as- tunity to declare himself a Christian, and sumed a new form in Swatow, South to testify to the help received at the Sun- China. 'rhere the Chinese Baptist day serviees. Convention, with some five thousand church members, has taken matters A Non-Missiona.ry Hospital into its own hands, and declared its independence, having addressed a let- THERE is a town near Ningpo, deter to this effect to the Board of Man- scribed by Miss A. Maddison, of agers of the American Baptist Foreign the Church Missionary Society, where, Mission Society. This communication, for many years, there was strong couched in the friendliest terms, anti-foreign and anti-Christian feelstates that the Chinese churches rec- ing. Two women missionaries, howognize with gratitude all that the ever, did much to break down prejumissionaries have done in the past dice, and a dispensary did still more. sixty to seventy years. Recent move- After a time, the non-Christian gentry ments in China, they say-the anti- of the town opened a hospital, and Christian movement of 1922, the in- installed a fully-qualified, foreigndignation over the recent Shanghai trained, Chinese doctor, and he was a massacres, etc.-have led them to take Christian. . Bible woman, catechist, and missionary were always welcome to preach in the dispensary or visit in the wards, and the doctor himself held a Sunday evening service for

the patients. As a result, there is advice in solving our problems." She now In that town a church in charge continues: "'fhe good reports of the of a Chinese pastor; boys and girls boys and girls who have left us to are being taught in C. M. S. day make their own places in the world, schools; and a catechist and Bible cheer us. Three of the girls are teach- woman are carrying on evangelistic ing in schools for the deaf, and three work. others are teaching embroidery to hearing women. Six girls are happily Aim to Christianize Industry married; one of them to Tsei 'l'ien THE Wusih Technical School was .I<'u, a graduate of this school who started two years ago by the M. E. opened a school for the deaf in Hang- chow. 'fhirteen boys are working in Cburch South, in connection with Shanghai and most of them are sup- porting a family. Others are living Soochow University. The Principal at home, and doing their share of work in the great struggle for daily H. A. Vanderbeek, writes: ' bread.. _… It is especially gratifying "Our double aim is 'Ohristianized In. dustries' and' Christianized Lay Leaders by 1935.' The plan is for a six-year high school course. Duritlg the first three years to be able to report that nearly all of the boys study general subjects and hav~ the pupils, who have been in school mauual training. During the last three long enough to acquire the language they specialize· either in 'Construction: necessary to read the gospel story, where they learn to be builrling superintend- ents, or architectural draftsmen or 'Manu- have accepted Christ as their Savfacturing,' by which the boys'in the rna. chine shops learn to be draftsmen or fore- iour. "

men. The purpose of the school is to try to express the principles or Christianity· "Very Good News" in Cairang M to establish a Christian industry that shall RS. L. :K JACKSON, of the be characterized by the following essentials: Christian and Missionary Alli- A six-day week; no child labor; reasonable working hours; and humane treatment of ance, writes from French Indo-China: workmen. When you note what goes on in "Mr. Jackson has written of the salshops and industries about us, you can real- -<;ation of an idolatrous family in Caiize that we are up against a. pretty stiff rang, whose home resembled a pagoda proposition to adhere to standards of hu-'

maneness and try to compet(1 on- a price because of its many altars and shrines. basis. While the boys take part in the . The old mother had spent around a production work as part of their educational experience, the production department is not thousand piasters in her worship of primarily for their support, but for the sup- Buddha, trying to insure for herself port of the school itself. If we can get a worthy place in the next world. But through the next three years, we will be practically self-supporting." when she heard the story of Jesus she became very ang·ry with Buddha, say- For Deaf Chinese Children ing, {Buddha never did any of these things for me,' and she, with her ALTHOUGH there are now known family, started right in to put every- to be thousands of deaf children thing pertaining to Buddha and the in China, only about one hundred of Devil out of her house! The next them are in school, and forty-six of question was what to do with their these-thirty-two boys and fourteen clean .house' 'fhe preacher was con- girls-are cared for in the "Charles sulted, with the result that a large Rogers Mills Memorial School," con- sign reading Tin-Larn.-h Rat Tot ducted by American Presbyterians at (very good news), was placed over Chefoo. Miss A. E. Garter, the prin- the gate to attract passers-b;y into the cipal,. writes of her chief Chinese as- house. The mission of that sign is a sistant: {' Great praise is due Mrs. story in itself. Suffice it to say that Lan, who has spent fourteen of the people from far and near find their best years of her life in helping to way into that home to ask what the make the school a success. Everyone 'Good News' is about, and are then trusts her and we all go to her for pointed to the Saviour. Later tfuis

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS 1<43

devoted family cleared out their big the American Bible Society, about front room and converted it into a twenty-three years ago, Braille type chapel. In this very room where the was first introduced into Japan. Devil had been worshiped for so Christianity has the honor of intromany years, many souls have found ducing literature among the blind in their way into the Kingdom." Japan. The other thing is the fact that Japanese is one of the first lan- JAPAN-KOREA guages into which the whole Bible has been transliterated into Braille type; Japan Still Unevangelized and is the first F'ar-Eastern language to have the whole Bible in Braille- THE great progress which has been Arabic being the only other Oriental made by Christian missions in language with the whole Braille Bible. Japan as a whole inclines many to overlook such facts as are stated in Chl'istian Higller Education the latest issue of "The Christian Movement in Japan." For instance, REV. A. OLTMANS, D.D., a misthough evangelistic work in Kyoto sionary of the Reformed Church prefecture was begun nearly fifty in America in Japan, writes that in years ago, there are still five towns the sphere of Christian education the with a population of more than 5,000 question becomes more and more urpeople each, and 235 villages of more gent why the Japanese Church conthan 1,000 population each in which ce.rns herself as yet so very little there is no organized Christian work. about this matter, but leaves it still 'rhe industrial group, toiling in some so largely to the missions. "It seems 500 factories, remains almost un- to me," he says, "high time to change touched; the coal mining group, the name of 'mission schools' into where the need, physical, moral and that of 'Christian schools.' Such a spiritual, is very great, is almost en- change of name might probably do tirely neglected. This is true also of something to increase the interest of the fisherman groups. Rural Japan the Japanese churches in higher is still a neglected field. Christian education, as is already so splendidly the case in the work of the Japanese Braille Bible Sunday-schools. A hopeful sign of progress is the passing of a resolution THE Japanese New Testament in at the recent Synod to form a Board type for the bEnd has been avail- of Education in the Church, whose able for a good many years, but a task it shall be to encourage and asgroup of blind Christians in Tokyo sist Christian education and the trainhave long been praying that the Old ing of Christian ministers and evan- Testament might be put into type that gelists. For something like this we they could read. When the work was have for years longingly waited, but begun in August, 1922, they held on the mission field one learns to expraise meetings and prayed God for ercise patience." His best blessing to rest upon the undertaking. By Christmas, 1924, it New Buddhist Magazine was completed, and the blind brethren held a celebration and praise meeting. THE Young Men's Buddhist Asso- Their cups were running over with ciation of Tokyo is now publishing joy, and the Bible Society representa- a magazine entitled Ymmg East. In tives joined them in thanks to God its first number the editor describes for this achievement. It makes a big the mission of young Buddhists; set of books in itself, consisting of thirty-four volumes. There are two What is ollr mission for the NasH To remarkable things in connection with harmonize and bring to mutual understandthe Japanese Braille type Bible. One ing our brothers and sisters of the Asiatie is the fact that with the printing of countries, to make them reeover their lost the Gospel of John in this type by vigor, and to nnite their efforts for the

restoration of the ancient civilization of the When that was reconstructed there Orient, which g'ave birth to great religions, would be work for all. "I told him, " deep philosophies, and noble arts . . . Dr. Gale says, "that the Chinese, mil- What is onr mission for the West~ It need lions of them, cared not a penny about scarcely be said tllat the civilization of the society or its reconstruction, but they West, laying, as it does, too mnch impor- knew how to work and were taking It tance on the material side, is a lame civiliza· daily away from the Korean in his tion. In fact it finds itself at a deadlock own land. Dr. Inouye, former Mintoday. If civilization is really what the ister of Finance, told me the other present civilization of the West represents, day that for government work Japait is a curse instead of a blessing. The nese coolies demanded four sen a day, shortest cut to remedy its shortcomings and Koreans one yen and a half, while make it complete is, in our opinion, to Chinamen took seventy sen and spread to the West the cnlture, philosophy, smiled. Koreans and Japanese struck and faith of Bllddhism. We feel that it is for higher wages still and so we.re our duty to implant in their minds the sloughed off, leaving the Chinamen in spirit of Buddha, whose love extends not command of it all . . . We must be alone to men, but to all living creatures on patient, however, for we are in a conearth. dition today not unlike that of the Norman period in England-an age Courage of Korean Pastors of social and literary confusion."

THE deprivations resulting from Government Grant for Lepers the forty-per-cent cut in the evangelistic budget for Korea of the Meth- THE work of American missionary odist Episcopal Church are being met physicians in caring for lepers in heroically by the native pastors, whose Korea was recently praised highly by salaries before it were only about $20 Governor Sawada of North Kyunga month. Bishop Welch tells of one sang, Korea, at a reception in Taiku district superintendent, who, at the at which were present the Japanese close of a three-days' "retreat" for officials and their wives, General Secp.rayer said to his fellow-workers: retary William· M. Danner of The .• There are days before us when there American lNfission to Lepers, and Dr. will be no grain for the noon meal. and Mrs. A. G. Fletcher, Presbyterian Our children will come home from missionaries. Governor Sawada has school and from play hungry and will been instrumental in securing a govask for their dinner. Let us not look ernment grant of $3,500 a year for sad and tell them that there will be no the leper work cared for by Dr. dinner, because there is no grain in Fletcher in the Leper Mission Hosthe house. Do not let us allow them pital in Taiku. He said: to carry through their lives the remembrance of hunger with no food to We appreciate very much the excellent satisfy. Let us pat them on the head work done here by The Mission to Lepers, and with a smile say, 'You had a late through the loving and untiring efforts of breakfast, and we shall have a good Dr. Fletcher. We are glad to have had BOUP for supper, and it will be early; some ahare in it through the Governor- Take a drink of water and run on!' " General's grant. I "haU have greater sym- pathy with it now since I have learned of The "Norman Period" in Korea its worldwide character.

REV. JAMES S. GALE, D.D., Korean S. S. Convention whose thirty-fouri years of missionary service under the Presbyterian A T the National Sunday-School Board give his words authority, says Convention in Korea, held in that young Korea, reaching out after Octobe.r under the general leadership Vestern civilization, does not realize of Rev. J. G. Holdcroft, D.D., the that the latter demands" hard work" paid enrollment was 1,945 and the and "the actual goods." Recently, actual attendance over 2,200. No less he says, a young man c~er told him than nine churches were required to that his having no work and knowing nothing was the fault of society today.

NEWS FROM MANY LAJ'.j)S

care for the crowds. Even in their native catechists, of which E. G. Noall optimism, and there is an abundance writes: "The three grades have each in Korea, plans were made to enter- a native teacher in charge, the teacher tain only 1,000 and the committee of the final year students being known declared they were" about swamped." as the native head-teacher. For some The treasurer, Rev. Charles Allen months the school was conducted with Clark, D.D., wrote, "It was the great- credit by them when there was no est religious Christian assembly ever white headmaster, and when duties of held in Korea and will do much for a manifold and complex nature con- Sunday-schools throughout the land. " stantly called· the Principal away. Plans were made for regional conven- Such men are invaluable. Between tions in different parts of the country, them they handled about 130 boys. that the influence from the great They are also local preachers and gathering in Seoul might be effective class-leaders, one being a catechist on in all sections. One in Pyengyang trial. ….. As it is impossible to send was to take place from December 29th all of our qualified students to their to January 5th. Among the speakers own villages, it will be seen, therefore, in Seoul were Rev. E. G. Tewksbury, that their future life demands sacriof Shang'hai, and Horace E. Coleman, fice. Yet, while many of our villages of TOKYO, both of whom are field rep- are often unable to receive a visit resentatives of the World's Associa- from a white missionary for many tion in the r~spective countries. months, often for a whole year, the, native minister still' holds the fort.' , h ISLANDS OF THE SEA NORTH AMERICA Girls from Pagan Tribe Chu:rches and World Peace. .' "- – AT Zamboanga, a mission station of the Protestant Episcopal Church THE conference on this subject, in the Philippines, the missionary and held in Washington in December, his wife have taken into their house- was composed of delegates from thirty hold a young girl from the Tirurai denominations. There were also tribe, the first of the tribe to venture groups representing the Federal out of the very primitive conditions Council, the Church Peace Union, and of her pagan home. She has had some other agencies interested in peace schooling, and is to be trained so that propaganda. 'fhe purpose of the conshe may return to her people and pre- ference was (1) to study what are pare them for baptism, teach church the Christian ideals and attitude with school classes, and instruct the women regard to war and peace; (2) to in nursing and the care of children, study what the churches ought to do; matters in which they have only most (3) to plan a nation-wide campaign primitive knowledge. Her name is of education to carry to the churches Augustina Cariaga. A second girl the results of the study of the first from the tribe, Balbina de la Cruz, is two points. It was throughout a study receiving preliminary instruction and conference. There were no set addoing practical work in the hospital, dresses save at the opening session and looking towards a possible course in at the closing session; but for eight the Nurses' Training School, perhaps periods this group of earnest men and to be the first Tirurai nurse. The women met and discussed definite Bishop confirmed Augustina during problems. The findings, embodied in the summer, and received Balbina "A Message to the Churches" confrom the Roman Church. stitute a very suggestive document.

New Britain Teachers Methodist Union Defeated AUSTRAI.JIAN Methodists conduct THE vote of the annual conferences on the island of New Britain, in of the Methodist Episcopal Church, thE'· South Seas, a training school for South, on the adoption of the Plan 5

of Unification, is 4,528 for and 4,108 attention in all parts of the nation, only against. Inasmuch as the legal 'J'he date for the next annual observmajority of three fourths was not ob- 8nce is February 14, 1926. In a countained, the present proposal rails. try where many social and national groups dwell, the problem of applied The Plan was rramed in 1923 by the brotherhood and goodwill cannot be joint commiesion of fifty, with only limited to one or two races. The Inthree dissenting votes, all from the dians, the original Americans, seek Southern group. The Northern Gen- justice at our hands. Through eral Conference in May, 1924, ap- leaders of character and intelligence proved it by a vote of 802 to 13, and largely trained in schools supported the General Conference or the Meth- by the mission funds of the churohes, odist Epi,eopal Church, South, on tbe Negroes are now asking for full July 4, 1924, took similar action by a participation in community and navote of 297 to 75. 'rhe annual North- tionallife, The Japanese and Chinese ern conferences have been voting are demanding that thei.r treatment in upon the plan this year, approving it America be upon the same basis as by overwhelming majorities, The one that of other foreigners. Mexican thing needful to validate the action citizens within our borders are asking and unite the long-severed branches a full chance and a fair understandof Episcopal Methodism was a three- ing and interpretation of themselves fourths vote of the Southern Confer- and their aspirations. ences. This has now definitely failed.

Rival Raptist Mission Board Hampton-Tnskegee Fund THE break which has been develop- T HE $5,000,000 required to be ing inside the Northern Baptist raised or pledged by Dec, 31st in COllVfmtion has reached the point order to meet the conditions under where the' Baptist Bible Union of which George Eastman offered to add North America has organized a for- $2,000,000 more as an endowment eign missionary board of its own. fund for these two institutions was The executive secretary of the union secured three days ahead of time. The is quoted as speaking of the new (,]mirman of the Campaign Committee board as frankly" in opposition to the said: Foreign Mission Society of the Northern Baptist Convention." "Needless 'The reasons given by Mr. Eastman for to say," comments The Christian Cen- his gift have appealed to the publi~ and it tu.ry, "the missionaries sent out will has responded in the shape of more than be pledged to the propagation of an 10,000 sllbs~rirtion3, running from gifts of unhendingly conservative type of doc- $1 each from some of the colored graduates, trine. The first field to he entered, to suhscriptions of $250,000 each from five it is announced, will be Russia." different individuals, topped oft' by a $1,. Christian Work estimates that per- 000,000 gift from John D.' Roe-kefener, Jr., haps three or four hundred of the matching the $1,000,000 pledge with which twelve thousand churches belonging t.he General Educ.ation Board inaugurated to the Northern Bapti.st Convention the c[.mpaign. will support the new Mission Board. The entire South was o.rganized Race Relations Sunday with headquarters in Atlanta. Many well-known Southerners took an active THIS day, proposed by the Federal part in making the campaign a suc- Council of the Churches, was first cess and countless new friends were observed in 1923. The active coopera- made for the cause. The alumni of tion of the Home Mission Boards, the the schools raised more than $200,000. Y. M. C. A. 's, Y. W. C. A. '8 and thousands of local churches has made Seamstress Helps Two Continents the day an event which is receiving M~iliY instances have been told of the way in whieh great blessing has resulted rrom comparatively small

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

sums of money, when these represent or by doing two girls' work during the true devotion and sacrifice. The school term." Christ'ian Century is authority for this latest story; In the tiny village Protest",nt and Greek Churches of Nanton, about 100 miles from Calgary, in the province of Alberta, THE Fed~ral Counci~ of Chu:,ches Canada, a seamstress, by giving up has appomted a speCIal commlttee, headed by Bishop Charles H. Brent, even some of the necessities of life, to plan. a conference between reprenever spending a needless penny, and sentatives of the Greek Orthodox and never taking' a day's holiday, has of the American churches, in some saved $450. This sum she has in- lireek Orthodox land., Such a convested in foreign missions through the ference would discuss social and edu- British and Foreign Bible Society. cational questions, international rela- Two hundred dollars has been used tions, and church matters of a nonto distribute the Gospel according to ecclesiastical nature. So far, in Mark in Braille among the blind of addition to Bishop Brent, the com- mittee indudes Dr. Charles S. Mac- Burma. The rest was used to take a farland, general secretary of the Fedtranslation of the same gospel, just eral Council of Churches, and Dr. completed by workers of the Swedish George R. Montgomery, one of the Evangelical National Society, to 5,000 American advisers on the Near East natives of Somaliland, Africa. The at Versailles, and later secretary of Swedish society was without funds to the Armenia-American Society. publish and distribute the translation -the first part of the Bible to reach Somaliland. Buddhists in California Girls' Delight in Giving LOS ANGEL:ES may now boast the possession of the largest Japanese A TEACHER in one of the Presby- Buddhist temple outside of Japan. It terian schools in the Southern was dedicated in November by Count mountains, Langdon Memorial School, Sonya Atoni, brother-in-law of the at Langdon, Ky., writes: Japanese Emperor, head of one of the "Our chief thrill durin~ the month of largest and most progressive of J apa- November is our anuual thank·offering to nese Buddhist· sects. Count Atoni, the Lord given through our Board of Na· while in Los Angeles, emphasized the tioual Missions. It is a busy time, because common contribution to world peace girls without money must rind ways of earn· which the United States and Japan ing if they art' to give. Oh, for power to can make. He stated that one of the convey to your minds and hearts their ear· purposes of his trip was to encourage nestness, their sacrifices, their enthusiasm, the, sons of Japanese now in this their joy in earning and giving! What country to return to Japan for trainthough they must rise before nve in the ing, in order that they might later act morning, and hasten to work, what though as Buddhist missionaries to America. digging turnips, burying cabbages or raking leaves b~ substituted for Saturday's -Christian Century. hike, and what though the daily recreation hour fOI the whole month be given up, if Christian-Jewish Good Will they may thereby earn money to give! One thing was uppermost in the minds of us all ONE of the newest committees –our gift to the Lord, and so the work con- under the Federal Council Comtinued merrily-tatting, crocheting, ripping, mission on International Justice and mending, sewing, washing, ironing, pressing, Good Will and one that has attracted mouse-catching, nut cracking and coffee a good deal of attention, is that on grinding as well as fine baking and ironing good will between Jews and Chrisfor the community. Finally the day came tians. It is believed that it is the and the offering was found to be over two first time that such a commission has hundred dollars, of which mOre than one been appointed by Christian churches hundred and thirty dollars was the gift of acting together to plan to bring about these penniless girls themselves. We were much touched by the fact that the largest earnerS were six girls who are working their way through school, either by summer work

better relations between the races. history of volunteer service from Yale. The Rev. Alfred Williams Anthony, A whole list of Yale names comes to formerly secretary of the Home Mis- my mind as I write, men who have sions Council, is chairman, and the done yeoman service." Rev. John W. Herring is secretary of the committee. One editor comments LATIN AMERICA on the high type of social leadership which these appointments promise, Mexican Catholic Campaign and continues: A NATIONAL congress of Roman Improvement of t.he relations between Catholics held in the city of Mex- Jews and Gentiles is the more difficult be- ico to organize a youth movement cause the problem is so intangible. Why among Mexican CathoHcs, is reported should thete be any trouble in the first by The Christian Century. The archplace 1 One is apt to exclaim, "The solution bishop has given out a statement to of this problem is simply bringing Chris- the press in which he indicates that tians to act as sllch," and let it go at that. the church will hereafter actively op- But, however large a measure of truth there pose governmental policy in Mexico. may be in such a gf>ueralization, it does not The archbishop says: " The laws come to grips with the problem. Granted which oppose the natural rights of that Gentiles have not lived up to the high- Catholics, those which destroy marest conceptions of Christian conduct, and riage through the medium of divorce, granted that ,ome Jews have given. evidence those which deprive fathers of the of mannerisms that have made social con- right to give their children a Christacts difficult, the resultant irritations-and tian education, those which prevent worse-are so ,real that they need to be freedom of worship, will be opposed faced frankly, analyzed, and dealt with. by the national hierarchy. Methods Mr. Herring brings to his new task the en- similar to those adopted by the thusiasm of one who believes that a liberal cardinals and archbishops of France attitude, in wbatever realm exhibited, will will be followed for this campaign. call forth a liberal l'espome. He is, it is Active propaganda will be carried on by means of pastoral letters, tracts, understood, taking the obvious course of in· and lectures; petitions will be ad- dressed to the chamber of deputies; formal get-togethers between J eWE and Gen. popular ma.nifestations will be organtiles to find 0 lit what the present situation ized; and all possible efforts will be actually is. He has not mapped out any made to convince the executive, feditayd-and·fast com,) of proceilme; he is eral and local authorities of the jusnot the kind of man who will announce tice of a constitutional and legislative panaceas. But if he succeeds in impressing reform. Catholic groups are in procon Christians the existence of this problem, ess of orgauization and a national he will perform a trile service. action against lay legislation will soon begin. " Yale in Labrador The Bible at Work in Mexico E STABJ~ISHMENT of a Yale school in Labrador, at the Gren- T HE Mexico Agency of the Amerfell Mission, has been announced. ican Bible Society was established The institution, founded by gifts of in 1878. For almost fifty years, in Yale students, stands at Northwest the midst of revolution and internal River, the gateway to the interior of strife, and in spite of privation and Labrador. Seventv families now re- persecution, the work of Bible dissiding at that point have no other tribution has gone steadily forward. means of educating their children. The results of this patient, persistent For years Yale men have passed their effort on the part of the faithful colsummers assisting Dr. Grenfell in his porteur are found by missionaries in work among the children and young many unexpected places. A whole men, all of whom, above the age of family appeared at an afternoon servsixteen, earn their livelihood by trapping. Three undergraduates were attached to the Grenfell mission last summer. In a letter to the Yale G;renfell AEsociation, Dr. Grenfell said: "The establishment of a school at Northwest River is the result of a long

i926] NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

ice in a mission church and asked to time or two while he was up there. have the children baptized. No mis- The woman I baptized on Sunday Sionarv had ever visited the little vil- night told me that the priest had lage where they lived, and they had warned the people not to sit in their never attended an evangelistic serv- doors and listen to that fellow up in ice. Through reading in their own the tree or they would be dealt with home- a Bible given forty years before by the church for doing it. It seems to the grandfather of these children, that people are listening to him in the father and mother had become fol- a way to alarm the Romish priest." lowers of Christ and were taking advantage of their first opportunity to Protection for DOD1inicaHs have their children baptized by a Protestant minister. Isolated groups THE policy for the protection of have been discovered never before natives of Santo Domingo adopted visited by missionaries. One of these by the social action department of the had chosen a leader from among their National Catholic Welfare Conferown number and held regular services. ence has been endorsed by the Board Most of the people lived in the moun- of Home Missions and Church Extentains, and some of them had to leave sion of the M. E. Church. Methodist home at daylight to arrive in time for missionary work in Haiti and the Doan evening servicfl.-Missionwry Voice. minican Republic, as well as in Porto Rico, is under the control of this Preaehing from a Treetop Board. In Porto Rico, according to Dr. D. D. Forsyth, secretary of the REV. J. 'r. BUTLER, of the Central Board, the natives have been largely American Mission, writes of a reduced to a condition bordering on native preacher named Jose Esca- peonage at the hands· of American milla: "I found him up in a big tree sugar concerns. If something is not fully sixty feet above the ground done, the same fate threatens the preaching about Zaccheus in the tree. Haitians and Dominicans. The I listened and looked. There he was, Catholic protest, which now will have barefooted and bareheaded, standing behind' it the endorsement of the on two small limbs away up in the Methodists, seeks government action top of the tree. This is his regular to restrain American interests from preaching place. He goes up there thus exploiting the island of Santo every Sunday morning and can be Domingo. heard a mile away. Droves of people pass along the street a short distance Persecution in Brazil from him. He preaches, sings and prays. I hardly knew what I thought THE men's Bible class of Juiz de about this novel way of doing things, Fora, Brazil, is maintaining work but I waited to hear from others as in near-by villages. "One village, to results. On Sunday night I bap- however, suffered violent persecution tized a woman who lives near the tree a few weeks ago when two or three and she testifies that his preaching' persons interested in our work were and praying was used of God to con- attacked by a mob, instigated by the vince her of her need of a SavioTh!'o priest, and one of our men was killed She said that his praying for his and another wounded in the spine, enemies was a new thing to her., On perhaps crippled for life," writes the Monday night I baptized a man and presiding elder, Rev. C. A. Long. his son and a daughter who live a "This was done on the man's own mile or more away from the town. land. The mob said: 'Methodists 'fhey say they can hear him preach- cannot exist ,here; away with them!' ing from where they live. I say 1'he father of the man killed, who is amen, now, to his preaching up in the also grandfather of the man wounded, tree. He said he had been shot at a gave the land and built the church for the Romanists, who have repaid him

in this way Work in this vil- ods of approach to them adopted by lage has been suspended until condi- the different national unions ex- tions are more favorable, but the plained. The Confederation works people interested are coming to Juiz through commissions, each of which de Fora to church and want the work is under the supervision of some one continued. The murderer is at large, national union. One of the finest as- and the inquiry will result in nothing, pects of the movement is the disap- due to Rome's protection." pearance of national animosities. The -Missionary Voice. Confederation Internationale des Etudiants which started as an Allied EUROPE organization has now admitted the British Resolutions on China representatives of all the ex-enemy countries. " T HE resolutions, quoted in the De- cember R];vIEw, which were Continental Jewish Convert..

adopted by representatives of thirty- THE United Free Church of Scotseven American missionary boards on land has a Jewish Mission Committhe present situation in China, have tee, whose last report contains these been followed by this statement issued encouraging statements: "There· are in Great Britain: more conversions to Christianity The British missionary societies wltich among the Jews, proportionately to have work in Ohina have been following their numbers, than there are converrecent events there with close concern. The sions among the heathen as a result standing committee of their conference have of foreign mission effort. In Hungary just sent a letter to the Ohinese Minister in London, in which they state that the soele· alone, since January, 1918, 40,000 ties welcome the action taken by His Ma· Jews have declared themselves Chrisjesty's Government in entering upon a tians. In Budapest over 2,500 Jewish comprehensive revision of the treaties which converts have entered the membership at present regulate the position of foreign.

ers in China. They inform His Excellency of the Presbyterian Church during that the leading British missionarj societies working in China have passed resolutions the past seven years, and half that e",pressing their desire that their futUre number have been received into the legal rights and liberties instead of depend- other Protestant churches of the city.

ing on existing treaties between China and Similar things are taking place in Great Britain, shollld be those freely ac- Czecha-Slovakia, Poland, Ukrainia, corded to them by China as a sovereign power and mutually agreed upon in equal imd other places. There has been an eonference between the Chinese Republic and unusual disappearance of prejudice, Great Britain. and a quite extraordinary response to European Student Confederation the Gospel among the Jews. At all our stations-Glasgow, Prague, Kol- T HE efforts for world peace that ozsvar, Budapest, Constantinople, are being made by the students of Tiberias. Safad-there are numbers Europe are thus: described by Dr. of earnest Christian men and women Stephen P. Duggan: "Since the who were reared -in Jewish homes."

World War there has been founded in practically evel'Y European coun- Czecho-Slovakian s. S. Teachers O try a National Union of Students and VER one hundred students were enrollrd in the school of methods as early as 1922 these national unions were amalgamated into the Confed- for Sunday-school teacher);, held un- eration Internationale des Etudiants. der the auspices of the Sunday-school The Confederation holds a conference Association of Czecho-Slovakia, in in a different country each year, Sazava. All parts of the Czecho-Slo- which is attended by the leading vakian republic were represented by spirits of the national unions. At this the students who attended during the conference the questions that interest eleven days. Thirty-six lectures were students are discussed and the meth- given, on the study of the Bible,

11l26] NEWS l<'ROM MANY LANDS

Palestine, pedagogy, psychology, and of imprisonment or even by exile to methods related to the various depart- Siberia. ments of the Sunday-school. Daily devotional periods were conducted by AFRIOA Rev. A. Novotny, Secretary of the Czecho-Slovakia Sunday-school Asso· Plans for African Education ciation. Phvsical and reereational hours were included. A volley-ball THE Carnegie Foundation has match with the Y. M. C. A. from gIVen $a 1,500 to the Jeanes Fund Prague was won by the Sunday-school for such supervision of little local teachers. A report of the school in a schools in ~~frica as the Fund gives newspaper which seldom prints reli- to Negro country schools in America. gious news stated: James W. C. Dougall, of Scotland, has already gone out to Kenya as the The Sunday-school Association in Czecho- first educational director under the Slovakia is seeking to introduce new methods Fund. In addition, American mis- of religious education into the church edu- sionary and other agencies are send- cational scheme. It was organized in 1921 ing James L. Sibley, who has already and has now more than 10,000 members. done work of the same sort in Neg,ro The leader. of it are convinced that the schools in Alabama, to Liberia to mere religious instruction in public schools study educational conditions there. is not sufficient to develop the spiritual These plans were reported at the Con- forces of children. ference on Africa held in November at the Kennedy School of Missions in Bolshevism and Religion Hartford. Another significant out- come of the conference will probably A NEW illustration of the bitter prove to be an International Bureau attitude of the Soviet Govern- of African Languages and Culture, ment toward religion is to be found in which mission boards of America, in a recent decree, quoted by Evan- Europe and Africa and learned sogelical Christendom, ordering the re- cieties from all parts of the world will moval of books from the libraries that cooperate for the study of 800 African serve the needs of the masses. It is languages and dialects and the prostated "the section on religion must duction of educational literature in contain solely anti-religious litera- them. The Bureau will also serve as ture ; historical and philosophical a clearing bouse for those engaged in books that formed part of this must translation, and help to insure a unibe included in the corresponding sec- form and scientific system in reducing tions.' , unknown languages to writing. The early plans for this bureau were de- The Christian Advocate states that scribed in the May, 1925, REVIEW. the Comsomol, or League of Communist Youth, which is limited to young Earnest African Learners atheists, has 1,200,000 members, a larger number than the combined THE Rev. A. J. Leech, a missionary Y. M. C. A. and Y. W. C. A. member- of the Church Missionary Society ship in the United States. A junior at Butere, in the Nyanza Province, order called "Pioneers" consists of Kenya Colony, reports that there has boys and girls of "scout age," the been a ,;teady stream of candidates early teens. These Pioneer groups are for baptism and for the catecbumenate led by members of Comsomol and are during the past year. Their keenness prepared for membership in the senior may be judged by the fact that many order. The whole number of children a lad or young woman residing at a in Russia now receiving any sort of distance of, say, ten miles from the religious instruction in church or mission station will have walked at school is practically negligible. Breach least one hundred miles during the of the law prohibiting religious teach- week, going to and from the instrucing of children under eigbteen years tion classes. Not infrequently they of age is punishable by a long term

are overtaken by heavy rains on their days before District Conference, was long journey homewards in the after- a real test of qualification for work. noon. Not all, of course, come from Forty of our workers took the examr :such distances, but many do; some inations on their scholastic ability in "travel even longer distances, and have mathematics, grammar, reading, spell- :in addition to ford unbridged rivers ing and letter-writing, and on their oat dangerous crossings. The evident knowledge of the Bible and ability to 'Sincerity and diwotion of the candi- conduct a Methodist Episcopal church dates give promise of their futnre service. Several Kru men, educated usefulness in the Church. in our higher schools in Liberia and abroad, gave, valuable service as in- Her "Friend, Jesus" structors and examiners. To have Kru men conducting an Institute MISS E. J. VEAL, a C. M. S. mis- among Kru people on this coast as it sionary in Berega, East Africa, would be done in college circles in the tells of the trust in God of a woman, Ii. S. A. was an inspiration and an very old and nearly blind, who had incentive to our staff of district heen deserted by her relatives and left teachers, which staff each year shows to live quite alone in a tumbledown steady increase in its enrollment of bouse in the forest, where once there better-educated workers." had been a village. She had received Christian teaching from a Bible wom- Methodist Congo Mission an, and her faith in God as her protector and keeper was absolute. When REV. JOHN M. SPRINGER, D.D., asked whether she was not afraid to superintendent of the Congo Mislive alone in that wild place, she re- sion of the M. E. Church, and Mrs. plied: "I am out in the forest; long Springer, were recalled by Bishop grass grows ,right up to my door, and Johnson from South Africa, where wild animals are all round me; but they had heen taking a vacation. Dr. God does not let any come near me, Springer writes: "Though we were nor harm me." She loved the name sad at parting with our Rhodesia of the Lord Jesus, and often said when friends, when our train turned north the Bible woman went to see her: at Bulawayo, we felt a thrill of home- "Ah. you have come to tell me about !,oing. And when we saw the scores my Friend .Jesus. " of smiling faces, white and black, at the station of Elisabethville, we felt Developing Krn Leadership that we were verily back in the midst of our own family. Brother Guptill F OR the first time in its history, ac- kept us going in the mission Ford all cording to Mrs. M. W. Williams, the rest of the day from one meeting of the Methodist Mission in Liberia, to another till our heads swam. The the Kru Coast District Conference, Mission Hall erected for native work held in September, 1925, at Nana Kru in 1917 is entirelv too small for the Mission, r~iberia, elected all its officers present congregation. Indeed, we had from its own native ranks. She' says: it crowded when it was first opened. " The se0retary and his assistant were And I1I)W with a thousand members young Kru men educated at our col- and adherents it is quite inadequate. lege in Monrovia and in high schools We thank God that' the Detroit area down coast. The secretary is in is now providing for the erection of a charge of our Methodist Day School much larger native church and this in Grand Cess; his assistant, of our building can be used for the many school in Newtown-Sasstown. The social and school purposes among treasurer and his assistant were Kru these thousands of natives. Weare preachers, from Kinicadi andWrukre. now stationed at Panda, ninety miles The District Superintendent and his north of Elisabethville, where there wife were the only foreigners present. are about 600 white people and 4,000 The Workers' Institute, held three

~26] NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

natives employed in the various in- a European as their Moderator, while in the dustries. I also have the care of Kam- meetings there has not been a division on bove and several out-stations. I am racial lines. The new Church is still in its lllore than grateful for a Ford car experimental stage, but it seems to the Comthat came as a direct answer to mission to have in it the germ of the safest prayer." solution of a difficult problem. It is inter- esting to note that three of the great mis- Sonth African Indian ProbleDl ;nonary chnrch8s of Nyasaland have united their converts into oue great Native Church BISHOP FREDERICK FISHER, in order to allow them to advance in the direction of control in church matters with- . of the Methodist Episcopal out having to resort to the expedieney of a Church, on his arrival in Bombay secession. after an extensive trip in Australia and South Africa, stated that he had THE NEAR EAST never seen anywhere in the world a race situation more sordid and with Turkey and the Iraq Boundary more possibilities for evil than that which at present exists between the T HE Council of the League of Nacombined English-Dutch "superior tions, at its meeting on December white" minority and the African-In- 16th definitely established the" Brusdian colored majority in South Africa. sels hne" as the northern frontier of IJegislation is pending in the Union of Iraq and the southern frontier of South Africa, which, if passed, will Turkey. The decision, which ends the completely crush the Indian commu- five-year dispute between Turkey and nity resident there, practically forc- Britain as to the sovereignty of the ing it by cconomic and social pressure District of Mosul, is made upon conto leave the country. Mr. C. F. An- dition that Britain renew for twentydrews, independent missionary in In- five years her treaty obligations with dia, and close friend of Mahatma Iraq, which practically make her a Gandhi, has left for South Africa to mandatory power over the Arab State. give moral leadership to the harassed The representatives of Turkey refused lndian community there. to attend the Council meeting and have since declared their unwilling- South African Native Churehes ness to accept the decision. The as- pect of the situation which most A NATIVE Churches Commission, concerns the student of missions is appointed by the Government of probably the report of the special South Africa to investigate the vari- commission on the atrocities comous religious bodies organized by na- mitted bv the Turks. A regiment of tives who had seceded from the bodies Turkish infantry, says the report, actto which they had belonged, has re- ing under orders from the Turkish cently made its report. This holds Government of Angora, sacked vilthat union of the various churches in lag-es, criminally attacked WOmEll and a strong, properly-articulated organi- killed men and children in the part zation is much to be desired, and of the disputed territory which was makes re('ommendations. for govern- held by the Turks. Details of the ment recognition, an advisory board, massacre were obtained by the comand the framing of a few rules to mlSSlOn during an investigation which secessionist~ should conform. carried on among 3,000 Chaldean The report continues: Christians who escaped from the ranks of Christians who were being The most notable move has been made by deported.by the Turks. the United F"ee Church of Scotland, which has formed a separate Native branch of the Near East Colleges Fund Church to be knowu as the Bantu Presbyterian .Church, with a General Assembly of THE recent campaign to raise $2,- its own in which the European missionaries 500,000 for the Near East Colleges arll a minority. It says much for the good -the American University of Beirut, sense of the natives that they have elected Robert College, Constantinople Wom-

an's College, Sofia American Schools Hussein, pressed to abdicate by the and International College of Smyrna people of J eddah, relinquished the -in order to secure the additional throne, having held it for eight years. $625,000 offered by John D. Rocke- The Jeddah notables then selected Ali feller, Jr., has emphasized the interna- as Hussein's successor. tional character of these institutions. Contributions toward the fund have INDIA AND SIAM been received from every State in the Union, from Canada, Alaska, Hawaii, Woman Successor to Gandhi Jamaica, China, Japan, England, France, Germany, Greece, Bulgaria, THE .Indian National Congress, that Turkey, Russia, Egypt, Syria, Pales- great unofficial gathering which tine, Persia, Iraq, Arabia, the Malay settle;; the policy of the nationalistic States, Soudan, Cypress, Hauran, movement in that empire from year Austria and South American coun- to year, is being presided over this tries. Many of these have come f,rom year by a woman, Mrs. Sarojivi graduates of the American University Naidu. Mrs. Naidu, who succeeds of Beirut. The Alumni Association Gandhi in the presidential chair, is has 3,280 members representing many widely known as a poet, and in politics creeds and races in all parts of the she has been able to use her poetic world, and the organized effort which talents to make vivid the causes to they have Put forth for this fund, which she has committed herself, after the manner of "alumni drives" Hindu-Moslem unity in particular. in the United States, has been the first Christian Work comments: "The undertaking of the kind in the East. Communist Internationale has wired The present student body of 1,200 in its sympathies to the Indian National- Beirut represents twenty-nine nation ist party. The Moscow Soviet has alities. lately sent a letter of sympathy and cooperation to the workers of India. Bin Sa.oud's New Victory But no one fears the spread of Bol- shevism in India so long as Mrs. Naidu F IRST Mecca, then Medina, and remains in the presidential chair." now Jeddah have fallen into the hands of Bin Saoud, the Wahabi A Theosophist "Christ" chieftain, whom Dr. Paul Harrison, as readers of "The Arab at Home" THEOSOPHISTS gathered at Adwill remember, speaks of as "my yar, Madras Presidency, during friend. " Word was received in New the latter part of December hailed a York by cable late in December that Hindu named Krishnamurti as "the King Ali of the Hedjaz had sur- second Christ." Seven of his twelve rendered J eddah to the Wahabis "apostles," chosen from" The Order under the command of Bin Saoud. of the Star of the East," were then For many months, in fact since he announced as follows: Mrs. Annie succeeded his father on the throne of Besant; Bishop Charles W. Lead- Hedjaz, King Ali has been engaged in beater, of Australia; ,Jinarhadasa, a a deRperate struggle to put down the Sing-alese Buddhist and a graduate opposition of Bin Saoud, head of the of Cambridg~; the Rev. Oscar Koller- Sultanate of Ne.id. Several days ago strom, a priest of the Liberal Cath- Ali was reported to be planning his olic Church in Australia; George escape from the invested city of J ed- Armidale, an English lecturer and dah. He fled after the Wahabi tribes- educational commissioner in Indore men under Ibn Saoud had captured state; his Hindu wife, Rukmini the city of Medina. The conflict be- Arundale, and Bishop James Ingall tween the Arabian States of Nejd and Wedgwood, a priest of the Liberal Hedjaz began in 1919. When Mecca Catholic Church. These" apostles" fell into the hands of Bin Saoud, King have been appointed "by command of the King," according to Mrs. Annie Besant, who has been training Krish-

1926J NEWS FROM MANY LAJ"'IJS

namurti for years for the role which doctor and the nurses and native as- he is now about to assume. In" The sistants traveled through a territory Christ of the Indian Road," Rev. of some 3,000 square miles where Stanley Jones suggests that the choice 2,000,000 Indians live and gave ad- of this title "the second Christ" is vice, clinical CB>re and instruction in one proof of the influence of Jesus on sanitary methods. Dr. Corpron is not the thought of all India today. only an M.D., having grB>duated from the University of Michigan, but he An Earnest Village Teacher is also an ordained pastor. He has A NEW church organized in a sec- carried on religious services in the tion where, he says, "unmitigated hospital and in the villages visited. heathenism prevailed until about a year ago," is described by Rev. F. W. Redeeming Burmese Slaves A Stait, American -Baptist missionary DISPATCH from London to the New York Times in December in Udayagiri, South India. He writes: "The village is called Nan- stated that at a cost of $100,000 the dipadu and we have a church of forty- Burmese Government hopes to stamp seven members. 'fhe acting pastor is out slavery in Hukawng Valley, in Peter, a government board school Upper Burma, a settlement of people teacher. He is a lower.grade trained of the Mongolian type of many mixed man, but a real power in evangelistic races. The form of Animism followed work. He has led most of his pupils by the people requires occasional hu- to Christ. He has regular services man sacrifices. To stop these abso~ and Sunday-school every Sabbath. It lutely would require a dangerous and is a real spiritual feast to attend one expenslve military expedition, but it of his Sunday services. We try to be is hoped that, as the victims are al- with them on the first Sunday of each ways slaves, the sacrifices will prac- month. Peter and his church mem- ticallv cease if the slaves are emanbers have brought converts from two cipat~d. The people a,re quite will- new villages during the year. God ing to do this at a price, and the grant that many more may be brought British are prepared to pay it.

to the Saviour through their influence. Frontier officers escorted by Bur- Peter has passed out of his school nine mese police have started from the boys who finished the fourth standard civilized regions of Burma to make and led them all to Jesus. It is the their way through the jungle to the first village with such a record." valley, there to buy up the slaves.

I t is recognized that they can be pur- One Doctor, 18,000 Patients chased at about $30 apiece, and the ONE missionary physician aided by Government is willing to pay that for two missionarv nurses and a few them. Half will get their manumis- Indian assistants,' cared for 18,000 sion free, on condition that they stay patients and performed more than on the land, but the remainder will 1,000 operations in a hospital with be expected to refund the ransom by 100 beds and 66 private wards, during instalments.

the past twelve months, according to a report received by the Board of For- Burmese Buddhists Won R eign Missions of the Methodist Epis-EV. V. W. DYER, American Bap- tist missionary in Rangoon, copal Church. This record was made by Dr. Alexander Corpron, Medical ,vrites in M~:,sions: "Outside of the :Superintendent of the Thoburn Mohammedans, the Buddhists of Memorial Hospital, Nadiad, India. Burma, where that religion is found During the year he cared for 16,600 in its purest form, are the hardest to out-patients, 1,216 in-patients and win for Christ. We Baptists have performed 976 major and 177 minor 75,000 members among the Animistic operations. In addition to this, the Karens, who number only about one

million of the population while the :Board might have to make serious cuts in appropriations, they came for- Burmans have ten millions, but after ward ·with splendid voluntarY t>fl'er- ings. In Wai, fifty-four adult 9hyismore than one hundred years we have tians gave with genuine sacri;lice. Sixty-five boys and girls in the Wai only the deplorably small number of Boarding School asked their matron to omit one of the two times a week 4,000 Burmese Christians! A mission- when they were allowed meat at the table und to send its money value to ary of nearly twenty' years' experi- Boston towards lessening the Board's debt. At Vadala the pastor and ence in Burma says: 'I have lived to teachers decided to weed in the cotton fields for an hour or two every aftersee what I never expectd in my life- noon. Their efl'orts did not earn a large sum, but they have to their time, namely-mass evangelism among credit an unusual efl'ort. "Such giv- ing, " comments The Missionary H erthe Burmans. Always before the aid, "if emulated in spirit by the churches of wealthy America, would work of fhese Immanuel Gospel not only clear away all existing de- ficits and debts, but also gladden the Teams of college boys, the Burmans heart of God by an advance of un- precedented dimensions." came out for Christ more or less Liberal Siamese King secretly and one or two at a time.' THE new King of Siam, Praja Dhi- ·The simple fact is that during a year pok, is a younger brother of Rama VI, who died suddenly at Bangkok and a quarter in a dozen campaigns recently. The latter received his edu- cation in England, France and Geramong the Burmese high and gram- many. His prolonged stay in Europe made him a man of real vision. With mar schools there have been more than all his royal tradition he became a democrat, an autocrat with pro- 500 public decisions for Christ as Dounced liberal views. His influence led his father to send dozens of other iSnagviforuormanBudddGhoid~tmBourremtehsaen 300 be- members of the royal family to be homes." educated in England, France, Ger- many, Russia, Belgium, Holland, and Leper Bible Students America. At present probably three hundred royal and princely Siamese THE earnestne.ss of the Christian young men are studying abroad, most lepers in an asylum in Belgaum, of them under assumed names. When South India, is described as follows Rama VI came to the throne, in 1910, by Rev. William C. Irvine: "One he introduced many reforms. He Lord's Day morning, after the meet- started a public school system and ing, I told the Christians that I would founded hospitals. He erected a modtake the subject of the precious blood ern university at Bangkok. He of Christ that afternoon. On regath- created a council for the kingdom. ering I asked them if they had His untimely death is a great blow searched the Scriptures for verses to the cause of liberalism. His brother, a.bout the blood. Smiling faces, sheets Praja Dhip(}k, who succeeds him, likeof paper and open Bibles answered wise received his education in Europe, in the affirmative. One after the other but has not a serious interest in life. they gave out references, which were read in Marathi and Canarese (for both languages have to be .used in o11r meetings), and for the next hour or more I was busy commenting on the verses read. Before the meeting I had looked up all the most important passages bearing on the blood, and had selected at least fifteen. All but one of these passages had been found, and they have no concordance. As I was leaving, these modern Bereans sa.id: 'Give us another subject for another day.' "

Gi£ts of Marathi Christians W HEN word was received by the Marathi Christian leaders in the mission conducted by the American Board in Bombay Presidency that the

MISSJ[ONARY

The ,Christ of the Indian Road. E. Stanley Religions of the Empire. Edited by Wil- Jones. 12 mo. 213 pp. $1.00. New liam Loftus Hare, with an introduction York. ]925. by Sir E. Denison Ross, C.I.E., Ph.D. 519 pp. New York. 1925. From the standpoint of giving inspiration to Christian thought, life The long subtitle explains that the and ,service, this is undoubtedly the volume reports ., a conference on outstanding missionary book of the year. It has in three months called some living religions of the Empire, for four editions. held at the Imperial Institute, Lon- don, September 22 to October 3, Dr. Jones is a well-known mis- 1924, under the auspices of the School sionary of the Methodist Episcopal of Oriental Studies (University of Church in India where he has been working for nearly twenty years. He London) and the Sociological Sohas had remarkable success in evan- cie~y. " This is the latest step in the gelistic work and his own religious ser~es of which the Chicago World's experience and faith are clearly set Fall' Parliament of Religions was the forth and practically demonstrated in ~orerunner. Since then five gatherthis volume in such a way as to be mgs o~ the International Congress of especially stimulating to other Chris- !he HIstory of Religions have still tians the world over. His position is turther extended our pioneering efclearly evangelical and the power of fort. The papers in the present volthe Spirit of God has been wonder- 11me are in most cases by leading repfully experienced in his own life and r~sentatives of the various religions preaching. His address at the Wash- dIscussed. The religions presented ington Foreign Missions Convention are Hinduism, Islam, Buddhism, leslast year was most powerful in its ser Indian religions, Taoism, such impression. He might have been elect- modern movements as the Brahma Samaj, Arya Samaj and Bahaiism'

ed a bishop of his Church at the last the primitive religions of East and quadrennial convention if he had not ,Vest Africa, and of the Maoris. Nine refused the honor, chapters deal with as many phases Dr. Jones tells in this volume of con,nected with the psychology and how he came to his own present clear SOCIOlogy of religions and are written conviction as to the missionary's mes- by European specialists. The most sage and compelling motive. Both are iJ?lpressive dJscussion is by Prof. Pat- Christo-centric, with emphasis on the rlCk Geddes, on "Religion on the rJiving Christ, the Eternal Son of C.hart of Life," in which he gives his God. The effective message is a tes- VIew of the social side of the evolution timony as to "Whom" rather than of religion. Another interestinO' paper "what" we believe. Abundant evi- is by the editor, Mr. Hare, o~ "The dence is produced from Dr. Jones' Ideal Man" under differing religions.

experience that Jesus Christ, in Ori- The volume avowedly leaves out of ental garb, is adapted to India's needs the consideration Christianity and and that He draws India to His feet. Judaism. Without controversy, each He is too often obscured by Occi- sp~aker endeavored to present his dental expression and ecclesiastical f81th as found in his own land. The garments of Western manufacture. subject matter is likely to jar upon Every preacher, every missionary, many readers who have been accus- every Christian would be blessed by tomed to discussions of non-Christian thoughtful reading of this volume. faiths by Christian writers, who have 1M

often emphasized the defects rather viewpoint of modern theology, favors than the strong points of such reli- the Scientific-Historical Type which gions. If one wishes to know what is still in the earlier stages of its de- these religions are as seen by their velopment. It is most fully found in votaries, and from a theoretical and the Peking University School of The- scientific viewpoint, this is an excel- ology, the West China Union Univer- lent exhibit well edited. One wishes sity School of Religion, the Shantung that what was attempted in the last Christian University School of The- two chapters, "General Survey" and ology, the St. John's University ., Summing Vp," had been done much School of Theology and the Boone more adequately. H. P. B. University School of Theology.

Chapter III, entitled "A Critique Education of Christian Ministers in China. of Existing Theological Education, An Historical alld Critical Stndy. Samuel with Suggestions for Possible Im- H. Leger, Ph.D. 118 pp. Shanghai, provement," is the most constructive (–'hina. 1925. part of the volume. Section 3 gives the provisional plan for theological This little volume is likely to result education in China, which is the auin more mind illumination and open thor's real objective. The knowledge discussion than any book recently and skill reaui,red in the modern published far China. It arose out of Faculty of Theology are a knowledge a series of classroom discussions in of the Biblc in its contents, literary Union Seminary, under the leadership history, development of thought and of Professor Kilpatrick of Columbia, its original languages; knowledge of which culminated in the consideration the history of Christianity; of the of "How Union Seminary might be history of philosophy to enable stu- Conducted on a Thoroughgoing Proj- dents to do constructive thinking ect Basis," and it was continued by about their own Christian faith; of the author in his work in the Foochow the history, philosophy and psychol- Union Theological Seminary in China. ogy of education, with special refer- It is thus an investigation and an ence to religious education and the application of this method to the psychology of religion; knowledge of training of young Chinese theological the leading ethical ideas and systems students.

The book begins with a comprehen- influential in China and the Occident.

sive, well-documented survey of the with special reference to Chinese and first hundred years of theological Christian views of life; of the history education in China, filling a third of of religiolls, with special reference to the volume. Chapter II presents Chinese religions; ability to conduct three "Types of Theological Educa- a service of worship which will create tion in China and the Presuppositions differences in lite and help men to That Underlie Them," the Practical- feel God's presence; and a knowledge Vocational or Apprenticeship, the of Chinese history and literature, with Classical-Dogmatie and the Scientific- special reference to the literature of Historical Types. The three are each religion and ethics. Personal evan- considered as to location, with the gelism, directing religious education, theories and presumptions back of preaching and lecturing for his sta- each, and with regard to the concep- tion, and its pastoral and administra- tion of human nature and the educa- tive headship are leading features of tive process in general. The author's the successive four years of the stu- characterizations seem to us to be dent life and preparation. Schedules, warranted, but we question the list of supervision, standards, status of particulars Ot assumptions held by all graduates, and most suggestive of all, schools coming under the Classical- the order of study and emphasis of Dogmatic group, as found on pages the four years of seminary life, will 58-59. Dr. Leger, writing from the . prove the most pregnant sections of this thought-provoking and way- educated Negroes of Southeastern Af- pointing volume. H. P. B. rica. H. P. B.

Islam and Africa. An Introduction to the Canadian United Church Monthly. Study of Islam for African Christians. Godfrey Dale. 141 pp. London. 1925. Dr. William T. Gunn, rormerly treasurer of the Canadian Congrega- The Canon of Zanzibar Cathedral, tional Board of Foreign Missions and where once stood the slave-block upon afterwards Home Mission Secretary which Livingstone was told that thou- of the Congregational Union of Cansands of Negroes had been sold into ada is the editor of the new United slavery, presents a handbook written Church Recorrl and, ll'Iissiontl!ry Reto aid in freeing other thousands of view, published under the auspices of black men from the thralldom of the United Church of Canada. Mohammedanism. The first issue was published in This condensed mass of material, September last, an illustrated paper explanatory of Islam, is arranged in of thirty-two pages, containing home orderly sequence for an effective de- and foreign church news and combin- 'fense of Christianity, and for an at- ing the General Board sections of the tack upon the Moslem religion. The Congregational Monthly, the Methadvance of Islam in Africa is con- odist Missionary Outlook and the tinuous and threatening, as the line Presbyterian Rewrd. The paper will creeps farther south each year, and be .informational and inspirational, the Christian' Church should be made tellmg of the needs, the program and aware of its duty in stemming this the progress of the United Church tidal wave. Yet Canon Dale only in- work in Canada-among Indians, cidentally alludes to this aspect of the Enghsh and French-speaking popusituation. The volume is filled with lations, Russians, Chinese, students, facts as to the Prophet himself, the churches and Sunday-schools; also in Koran, the religious rites and life of the foreign fields of Japan, Korea, Moslems, and ends with a number of China, Formosa, India Trinidad suggested replies to Mohammedan ob- British Guinea and West' Africa. ' jections to Christian beliefs. The United Church has nearly five The prospective African missionary thousand missionaries at home and will find this an arsenal containing abroad in 3,490 stations and outall sorts of offensive ammunition, use- stations, and supports 1,317 schools ful for his own intellectual battles and colleges and 87 hospitals. and also likely to stir unfriendliness or hatred in the hearts of Moham- To Be Near Unto God. Abraham Kuyper. medan hearers. From an extended 8vo. 679 pp. $3,00. New York. 1925. tour of Afriea, the present reviewer wonders where, outside of North and 'l'hese are meditations on God and Northeastern Africa among the white spiritual things by the great Dutch Moslems, on Sahara's southern fringe, theologian and former Prime Minister and in such centers as Zanzibar, one of the Netherlands. They contain would find Moslems intelligent enough much light, some warmth, and an to call for such well-tempered weap- abundance of spiritual food. ons. The simple-minded Negro of the Sub-continent, dwelling away from One Thousand New Bible Readings. F. E. the coast in sections where Islam is Marsh. 8vo. 473 pp. 68 net. Glasgow. filtering in, cannot appreciate such 1925. ammunition as is here supplied against Mohammedanism. But the These suggestive studies on scripbook is a valuable collection or anti- tural themes will be especially valu- Mohammedan material for the use or able for Christian workers who wish, both Occidental Christians and of outlines ror themes. There is a great variety of topics, skeletons which need more flesh and life to give them power. Peace on Earth, A Study for Today. Edited bolism of the Revelation is preferred by Rhoda McCulloch and Margaret Burton. wherever possible. The letters to the 144 pp. 30 cents. We.t Medford, Mass. seven churches are regarded as hav- ing a "historic, prophetic, and pro- 1925. gressive" fulfilment. The rider on the white horse (6: 1, 2) is held to be Workers for national and interna- not Christ, but Antichrist. Interest- ing arguments are given to show that tional peace have, in this volume, facts the Antichrist will be a Greek general.

and suggestions that will prove a great c. R. S.

help in their campaign for peace. The Looking Toward a Christian China. A Dis; eussion Oourse by Milton Stauffer. Pam· chapters deal with Missions and Peace, phlet_ 25 eents. Missionary Edneation Movement. New York. 1925. Interracial Cooperation, Causes and Many illuminati.ng quotations from Cure of War, the Christian Way of contemporary literature answering various qnestions make this a valuable Life; Programs and Suggestions ~re help in the study of China 's po~i~ical' and industrial problems and relIgIOUS itnhceluPdeerd~aannednta statement concernmg awakening. The author of "The World Court. It is Christian Occupation of China" in- sures up-to-date and intelligent good crusade material. selections.

Matthew Twenty-Four and the Revelation. Dispatches from Northwest Kansu. By A. An Analysis LHeral Translation and Ex· Mildred Cable and Francesea L. French. position 'of Each. Henry W. Frost, D.D. Illustrations. Pamphlet. 74 pp. Is net. 321 pp. $2.50. New York. 1924. London. 1925.

In this excellent example of the What reports from the battle front are to those at the home base, these interpretation of Scripture by Scrip- short, snappy cha~te:s are .to. those interested in ChrIstIan mISSIOnary ture, the twenty-fourth of Matthew is work in the most northwesterly prov- ince of China, bordering on Tibet and taken as a key to the study of proph- Mongolia. The writers of the dis- patches tell of need, of hardship, of aecsy~raenddeaalst covering the same events conflicts and of conquests. The facts, with in the central chap- incidents and pictures are timely and impressive. ters of Revelation. New Notes for Bible Readings. Compiled The analysis is clear and concise, by S. R. Briggs. 8vo. 228 pp. 38. Glasgow. 1925. and the literal translations from the Twenty-five or more teachers and Greek (following Nestle's text) de- preachers, liKe James H. Brookes, D. L. Moody, Geo. F. Pentecost, W. J. serve careful thought. The rendering Erdman and Major Whittle, con- tribute these Bible readings and outof Rev. 7: 15 reveal the beauty and lines on sacred themes. They are use- ful for many occasions. power of a literal translation from the Tbe Doctrines of' Modernism. Leander B. Greek: "On account of this they are Keyser. Pamphlet. 40' cents. 1925.

in presence of the throne o~ Go~, an.d A professor of theology in Witten- berg College, Ohio, dispassionately minister to him day and mght m hIS and clearly points out some of the weaknesses of the positions of "libinner temple; and the one sitting eral" writers on religious themes.

upon the throne will tabernacle over them."

The author expresses his belief in a partial fulfilment of the prophecy in Matthew 24, at the destruction of Jerusalem in 70 A.D., and looks for a complete fulfilment still to come. He believes that Christ's coming for his saints will not occur until after the tribulation. Momentary watc~ing for Christ was not for the disciples, nor is it for us but for the believers who shall live 'in the yet future tribulation time. The author presents excellent arguments for the pre-millennial view of our Lord's return which is to be "instantaneous in time and con- tinuous in process" (p. 146).

A literal interpretation of the sym-

The Missionary Review of the World — December 1925

"OXENMOBILE" AT A. VILL·AGE SCHOOL IN

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NE::' • YORK Compare Hebrews 11: 1 as rendered in the American Standard Bible, A De Luxe Bible with any previous version. "Assurance" in place of "substance" and "convictl,on" replac- No. 1154 X-The fin..t, light- ing "evidence"-what a wealth of meaning and est, mostdurable, India. paper clarity these highly authoritative translations Bible. Genuine Morocco, di… impart. How much more understandable be- vinity circuit, leatb~r lined cause more accurate-especially to the young $ 850 to edge, silk sewe4. round corners, red under gold -does this small verse become with these changes! And yet they are only typical of edges, t ibtalcek _ stamped on the entire in pure gold. – l1T'nl~nOi~nLASm.tearnidcaanrBd~ltW.lle (Edited by American Revision Committee) NELSON BIBLES It behooves yon, therefore, the earnest seeker after truth and of delicate shades in all sizes. types of meaning as revealed. in Holy Writ, to have and to use this priceless book.. The American Standard Bible l'ext has been adopted by all leading Colleges, Theoand styles of binding logical Seminaries, Y. M. C. A., Y. W. C. A. and Bible Schools throughout the are obtainable wher- United States and is used by over 13,000,000 scholars from. which to study the ever Bibles are sold. International, graded or other Bible leseons.

Free Booklet of A Nelson Bible is 8. guarantee of the best character of printing, binding. paper, f:n w:l~e:so~;~~. latest and best translation. Two hundred styles binding and r 'THOMASNELSON& SONS A charming 36-page ____ … 386P-;-Fo'urthA-:~;:;-;;rk'Cit; I booklet entitled "The WonderfUl Story," published at 10e Authorized Publishers for the American Revision Committee. :~eC~~;';'n t~~l;~~ghh~r:e ~~es,B~~~ I W~e::rf~rsS:tor~~!;a~bfsn~o~se :Of~~li~it~ ~fe Yi~U~nb;o!a;~titled "The ~~~::t:n~fil~n~e~~ct;:~Evi~~!:: I Name …..•……..•………..•….••.•••••.•.•••••••••••• ~, ~e:!IOt~~:h~~~E~~'!.t~O;!~O!~D~ I Street No. . ……..•………..•………..•……..•…••••• IJ;;;;=====~==~,–~~I City . . . . . . . . . : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . State …….•..••••••• Please mention THE MISSIONABY REVIEW OF THE WORLD in writing to advertisers. THE MISSIONARY of other busineS8 me.. to.' the 8IJreatJ REVIEW OF THE WORLD of Christianity.

DELAVAN L. PIERSON. Editor DR. WILLIAM W. PEET-MISSIONARY ADMINISTRATOR. AN D DIPLO- Contents for December, 1925 MAT ……….. CHARLES T. RIGGS 952 Pa.qe The contribution of a busine8S man to FRONTISPIECE ….. UNIQUE METHODS OF mi88Wn8 in the Near East. EvANGELISM IN ASIA A L I V E W IRE FR.O M CEYLON EDITORIALS … ,""" …….. ,' .. ,' 917 · …••..•..•…• HENRY ATKINSON 954 THE NEW ApPROA.CH TO ISRABL BEGINNING MEDICAL WORK AT SHOW- SYRlAN DISTURBANCES AND MISSIONS CHOW •.••..••• JOHN R. DICKSON 956 A MI S 810 NARY CONFERENCE ON THE INDIANS OF MEXICO AND CEN- AFRICA ' TRAL AMERICA …•…•.•••..•• HAWAlI, THE KALEIDOSCOPE OF THE • •………… GEORGE M. McBRIDE 958 PACIFIC •…•••.•. HENRY P. JUDD 923 BEST METHODS •……..•…..•••.•• A graphic picture oj the et/ort to unite • •…. EDITED By MRS. E. C. CRONK 961 many races into a Ohristia1t fellOwship. WOMAN'S FOREIGN MISSION BULLETIN 968 HAS THE MIS S ION A R Y MOTIVE CHANGED? ., .. ROBERT P. WILDER 931 WOMAN'S HOME MISSION BULLETIN .. 971 A study oj the appeals that challenged NEWS FROM MANY LANDS ……….. 984 Christian students twenty-five years ago /compared with thOSe Of today. THE MISSIONARY LIBRARY ………. 990 IIj:ASALA, FIGHTING MAN AND ELDER INDEX FOR 1925 ……..•…….. 997 .. , …… , ……. " … B. J. Ross 936 TElRMS.-$2.50 a year. ($2.00 In clUbs of COOPERATIVE BROADCASTING TO THE five.) Foreign postage, 50 cents. Single copies, MEXICANS IN THE UNITED 25 cents, Published montbly. Copyrighted, STATES …. CHARLES A. THOMPSON 937 1925, by MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING COM- PANY, INC. All rights reserved. How Christian forces in the southuest are reaching Mexicans with the Gospel TH'E MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING by a united mis8ionary program. COMPANY, Inc. A REMARKABLE JAPANESE WOMAN- ROBERT E. SPEER, President MADAME YA.rIMA •••.••…•••.• 944 WILLI.A.M. 1. CHAMBERLAIN, Vice-President THE LAY MAN'S RESPONSIBILITY DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Secretary ……………… RoBERT A. DOAN 945 WALTER McDOUGALL. Treasurer A busines8 man- who has reoently re- Publication olllce, 3d & Reily Sts., Harrisburg, turned from a viSit to the Orient (Jives Pa. 25c a copy. $2.50 a year his conClUsions as to the responsibilities Editorial and Business 011100, 156 Fifth Avenue, New York City Entered as seeond-Qlase matter at the P~t Office. Harrisburg, Pa., under Act of March 3, 1879.

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A TEMPLE OF THB HGOD OF Fum" USED AS A CHURCH IN CHINA UNIQUID METHODS OF EVANGELISM IN ASIA

DECEMBER, 1925

XLVlll TWELVE A NEW APPROACH TO ISRAEL T WO RECENT movements–the recrudescence of anti-Jewish agitation in various civilized lands and the development of Zio:qism-have served to focus attention once more upon the Jewish people. Their re-entrance into world prominence has led to an increased interest of Christians everywhere in the Jewish Problem. As a rebuke to the manifestations of racial prejudice and as a proof of good will to the Jews, recent steps have been taken to establish some bases of cooperation. The Federal Council of Churches has formed a Committee on Good Will Between Jews and Christians which is seeking to bring about better relations on the basis of mutual understanding. The committee frankly announces that its mission is not evangelism but good will.

Another movement in the same direction has taken place in England through the pronouncement of the Committee on Jewish Work of the Presbyterian Church at tho meeting of the General Assembly held last May. The only work for the .Jews carried on by that Church in England is at Bethnal Green, London. It has been conducted on the traditional lines of a .Jewish Mission, and the meagre results raised in the mind of the Committee the question of its continuance. The chairman, Professor "V. A. L. Elmslie, of Westminster College, Cambridge, with the committee, sought to make a thorough investigation of the situation with the purpose of developing a policy and program which could be reported to the General Assembly. A conference was held with two .Tewish scholars, Dr. Israel Abrahams, Reader in Rabbinic in Cambridge University and a leader of Liberal Judaism, and Mr. H. M. J. Loewe, a lecturer in Rabbinic -in Oxford University and a distinguished adherent of orthodox Judaism. These .Jewish leaders emphasized as immoral the use of material benefits of any kind to bring Jews within the reach of Christian propaganda and declared that it did not seem right to them to seek to make converts among children. They held that fair means of propaganda 917

would be "the public influence of hooks, the opeu teaching of scholars, argument between persons of relatively equal standing and education, and, best of all, the example of disinterested relief of human sorrow and suffering and all noble and unselfish living."

As a result of this conference, Professor Elmslie and his committee presented to the General Assembly recommendations disapproving of the use of "material benefits" as an inducement to bring people within the reach of religious propaganda, and asking approval of the committee's proposals "to initiate. a movement on new lines" in its work for the Jews. The program of activities, as outlined, included exchange of visits by literary societies in churches and synagogues, the preparation jointly by Jews and Christians of nonpartisan pamphlets; the publication of articles by Christians designed to remove bitterness and prejudice; cooperation by members of both faiths in institutes and settlements; the invitation of Jewish rabbis to address ministerial associations; games and contests among young people of both faiths; cooperation of church and synagogue in social welfare, temperance, and international peace; and the repudiation by Christians of prejUdice and persecution of the Jews.

As might be expected, such a pronouncement has stirred up both Jews and Christians, and has drawn forth comments of all sorts. The attitude of the Jews is fairly represented by the Jewish Chronicle, of London, which comments that the report "seems to mark a new era in the religious relations between Jews and Ohristians." and ad,.ds: "Jews will cordially welcome this indication of a more considerate and understanding attitude of Christianity towards Judaism. Naturally, in such matters, it is vital that Jews should approach the position without haste and with the fullest care. There are obvious reasons for this, one of them being that the danger of assimilation in the circumstances in which the Jews are placed, is quite as great, if not greater, when Jews are fed with honey as when they are plied with vinegar." American Jewish papers have been equally reticent about commending the action of the English Presbyterian Church, and for the same reason. The Christian TVark, of New York, heartily approves the attitude of the committee, with the comment: "The preaching is over. The practising may prove harder. It may prove also much more enjoyable." It certainly means something that the attention of Christians is being directed specifically to the Jews. The present is for them a time of crisis. Nothing less than a revolution has spread over the whole Jewish world. The passing of the ,Jews beyond the Pale into the larger liberties of the West has been attended by radical changes in Jewish life and thought. There has been a revolt against the a.rbitrary restraints of the ancient faith. Age-long prejudices are giving way. Many thousands are seeking the light. It is time that

EDI'fORIAI. COMMENTS ,919

the Ohristian Ohurch should recognize its responsibility for their spiritual welfare in this time of change. rfhat there is room for a new approach to the Jews, who can doubt ~ The history of Jewish missions has some inspiring pages, but no one pretends that a way has been found for the effective evangelization of the whole people.

Thousands have been won to the Ohristian faith, but the great mass of Jews still remains outside the fold unmoved and repellent.

Have Professor Elmslie and his committee discovered a new path of approach to the heart of Israel ~ Has the committee on Good Will of the Federal Council of Churches blazed a new trail toward the solution of the Jewish Problem? This at least must be said that Christian love alone can break a way through immemorial prejudices against Christianity and reach the Jewish heart. If the Gospel is ever to win the Jew it must walk that way of understanding. This is the hopeful aspect of these movements. They express sympathy and good will to a people who have experienced little enough of them in their past contact with Christianity. But it must never be for- gotten that it is the Gospel of Christ which the .Jew needs" and needs desperately. We may well hope, therefore, that these movements toward a better understanding of the Jew may also give to the Jew a better understanding of that Gospel which it is the Christian's supreme commission to proclaim. J. s. c.

SYRIAN DISTURBANOES AND MISSIONS T HE disturbances in Syria, where Druse and Arab tribesmen have attacked the French forces around Damascus, raise ap- prehensions in the minds of those interested in Syria and the missionaries working there. The Syria Mandate territory, under French control, is now divided into four political units: (1) Jebel Druze, to the southeast of Damascus, which was the starting point of the recent movement; (2) the Syria Federation, including Aleppo, Hamath, Horns and Damascus, these being prevailingly Moslem and nationalistic from the Arab standpoint; (3) the Alouite territory comprising Alexandretta and the northern coast, including the Nusairiyeh tribes, presenting the only pagan problem in Syria; and (4) Greater Lebanon, comprising the Lebanon Mountains with the coast cities of Tripoli, Beirut, Sidon and Tyre. In this last division the Ohristian political influence predominates even as it did under Turkish rule. .

In Damascus the principal missionary interests involved are the British Syrian Mission, the Irish Presbyterian, and the Danish Mission to the East. The last named is also working in the region north of Damascus and so is involved in the disturbances in Nebk. The American Presbyterian Mission has stations in Greater Lebanon and part of the Alouite district, neither of which has been affected serious-

iy by the rioting, but this mission is also vitally concerned at three points in the disturbed area, namely the city of Hamath, Aleppo and Deir Zore on the Euphrates. The American Board also has a station in Aleppo. As far as we know none of these has suffered any damage, but in the absence of advices to the contrary, it is probable that the work has been temporarily interrupted in Hamath and Deir Zore.

No report has yet come to indicate how much damage has been done to the physical equipment of the European societies occupying the disturbed areas. In any case such damages are not the most important features from the missionary standpoint. Naturally the most serious effects of such disturbances are not physical but spiritual. They are the effects, difficult to assess, that are found in minds and hearts. They are the resentments, the more potent because suppressed by force; the wounded self-respect of proud peoples; the nursed wrath, the long memories of outraged sensibilities.

This is the more serious because the West, which these people regard as the source of their wrongs, is also the direction from which missionaries come, and it would not be strange if the missionary enterprise were regarded as part and parcel of the Western program of occupation. It takes a discerning mind, and one adequately informed, to make the necessary distinction. Fortunately many of the leading Arabs can make it for they have been trained in mission schools and colleges or have been associated with those so trained and have been able to understand the non-political motives back of these Christian enterprises. Nevertheless the missionary must face his future task with the realization that he will find hearts further hardened by recent events.

A. second feature of the situation that can never be ignored is the fact that all political and social life in Syria is artificially divided along religious lines and these divisions have been used in devising the system of government. The ancient grudges between Christian and Moslem and between the Maronites and Druses make any concerted action difficult and call for the highest ability and most sympathetic understanding on the part of those who are called upon to govern.

Moreover Syria today is peopled with a society representing at one end the highest intelligence and culture, and at the other the most primitive wild life which expresses itself iIi banditry. General Weigand was able to silence the bandits and make the country safe, but Turkey herself was always able to do this when she wished to. That General Weigand's policy did not lessen the number of bandits except by the few that he hanged publicly in Beirut, is shown by the orgy of banditry let loose today.

Syria needs something more than the iron hand. She needs an understanding heart. If the confidence of the people is secured they

EDITORIAL COMMENTS

themselves can easily take care of the unruly elements in the population. It is only when this confidence is shattered, as in these r~cent months, that the forces of order seem to be paralyzed. But even in the midst of the recent rioting the leading Moslems were able to control the situation in their several districts in Damascus. It is to be hoped that the Mandate Power will be able to find governors who have the will to understand the aspirations of the Syrian peoples, to respect their customs, to oppose their faults and errors with tact and courtesy, and to work out with them as partners the solution of their difficult problems.

It is a great boon that the missionaries are on the field to help in this time of need. They may be counted on to exhibit that pedect sincerity of motive, and that unselfish desire to be helpful to all, which will disarm anger and resentment and will help to heal the wounds with the balm of love and sympathy.

STUDYING THE SITlTATION IN AFRICA T HE, GR.EAT resources of Africa and the possibilities of developing the continent are attracting increased attention from statesmen, business interests and Christian missionary agencies. Light is shining into the dark African interior from abroad and the continent is also being revealed more fully to the outside world by those who travel or reside there.

An important conferenc·e of Protestant missionary agencies was recently held in Hartford, Connecticut (October 30th to November 1st), to study African problems, and another of still wider range is to be held in Europe next September under the auspices of British missionary societies. The Hartford Conference was called under the auspices of the'F'oreign Missions Conference of North America, and was presided over by Dr. Thomas S. Donohugh, chairman of the Africa committee and associate-secretarv of the Board of Foreign Missions of the Methodist Episcopal Church. One main topic discussed was education of Africans (led by Dr. Thomas Jesse Jones, who has recently returned from a tour of inspection).

Many educational, religious, social and economic problems are coming to the forefront in Africa because of the place the continent is taking in the eyes of the world. J. H. Oldham, secretary of the International Missionary Council, was one of the speakers who pointed out that now that European and American capital is pouring into Africa for the development of her industry and commerce (such as the proposed development of the rubber industry in Liberia), there are arising on a gigantic scale all the capitalistic problems of the West, as well as the political, racial, social and cultural problems which for generations have been awaiting solution in Europe and America. Industrial, commercial and governmental

forces are exerting an increasingly important influence upon the whole life of Africa so that there is need for closer cooperation between these agencies and the missionary and educational workers in the continent.

The problem of sleeping sickness, the dread disease which for more than two centuries has hindered the extended colonization and industrial development of Africa by Europeans, seems in a fair way to be solved by the discovery of "tryparsamide," an effective remedy that may in time practically wipe out the disease from the central part of the continent (according to Dr. Louise Pierce of the Rockefeller Founda.tion). The Belgian Government in the Congo is .treating about 50,000 patients per year with this remedy, and missionaries and philanthropic agencies are treating a like number. French and British government agencies are also treating many thousands.

The language problem in Africa is another important topic. Missionaries pointed out that one of the greatest barriers to educa- tional progress is the fact that Africa speaks about sao languages and dialects, and there is scarcely any literature in these tongues. The personnel and means of translating seem almost unayailable. In only three or four of the more largely used languages of the continent can one gather together a library of twenty books, while in most of the few that have been reduced to writing the entire available literature could be wrapped up in a handkerchief-two or three very small books. Mr. J. H. Oldham and Prof. Dietrich Westermann, of the University of Berlin, announced that there is under way a plan for the organization of an "International Bureau of African Languages and Culture," in which mission boards of America, Europe, and Africa and learned societies from all parts of the world will cooperate for the study of these languages, for the production of educational literature in them, and to serve as a clearing house and information center for those engaged in translation work. One of the :first activities of the proposed bureau would be to prepare a number of necessary volumes-such as an agricultural primer, book of health rudiments, etc.-in a basic tongue and founded on African experiences and conditions; it would then be translated into various tongues and dialects.

'n;Ve are living in a fool's paradise," said Rev. J. H. Oldham, "if we think that missionaries are to maintain their present influence in Africa. Missions are now, relatively speaking, at a standstill compared with the other influences-economic, political, governmental-which are changing the whole life of Africa. Industrial, commercial and government forces are now having a great influence, and there ought to be a greater cooperation between these agencies of civilization and the missionary and educational bodies working on the continent."

GIRLS IN HAWAII, REPRESENTING FIVE RACES-JAPANESE

HAWAIIAN, CHINESE AND FILIPINO Hawaii, the Kaleidoscope of the Pacific BY HENRY P. JUDD," HONOLULU, HAWAII Corresponding Secretary of the Hawaiian Evangelical Association FIVE years ago, the Centennial of the landing of the first Amer- ican missionaries was celebrated in Honolulu. The record of the early missionary days is a noteworthy one. The wonderful story of Henry Opukahaia (often called 0 bookiah), the first Hawaiian to visit in New England, had paved the way for this first mission in Hawaii. Coming to a land where the old religion had been overthrown by the people themselves, where the priesthood had been ridiculed, temples destroyed and idols thrown away, the missionaries of Christ found the hearts of the people open in a most wondrous manner. In time Hawaii became an independent Christian nation. The Hawaiians were great believers in education and the work of the American missionaries made not only for a people followers of Christ in belief and in manner of life, but also made for an all-round civiIizationin which the people were law-abiding and peaceful. The Hawaiians so firmly grasped the idea of the Christian religion as a missionary religion, that they sent missionaries to the Marquesas Islands and also to Micronesia. Eighty-three workers in all were *Garritt P. Judd , M.D ., the grandfather of the author, went ' to Hawaii in 1828 with the third company of American missionaries.-EDl'l'OR.

923

sent from Hawaii and the reaction felt in the life of the Hawaiian churches was a great stimulus to a strong, spiritual life. , The year 1863 marked an important epoch in Hawaiian mission- ary history, for at that time the Mission became self-supporting and self-directing.t Two elements were largely responsible for this new step: (1) The development of the spirit of independence and (2) financial stringency caused by the Civil War in America.

When the American Board retired as an agency for carrying on the work, the Hawaiian Evangelical Association was organized, rep- resenting the various Islands in the group, and including leaders among the Americans and Hawaiians. The character of the popula- tion had considerably changed since the advent of the first white man.

Probably 200,000 Hawaiians were living when the missionaries first came, but in 1860 there were 67,000 Hawaiians and 2,700 of other races. In 1910 Hawaiians numbered only 35,000, while other races had increased to 153,000, due to the large immigration of Chinese, Portuguese, Japanese, Spanish, Porto Ricans, Koreans, Filipinos, Russians and others.

When the Hawaiian Board of Missions, the executive body of the Hawaiian Evangelical Association, was formed in 1863, there were about 20,000 church members. This number declined steadily with the decline of population, so that in 1893 there were a little over 5,000 members. This number has now increased to more than 10,000, of which more than 4,200 are Hawaiians, 2,300 Anglo-Saxons, 2,300 .Japanese, 900 Chinese and the others Filipinos and Portuguese.

These figures of course apply only to the members of the churches composing the Hawaiian Evangelical Association.

Other religious bodies are also working in Hawaii. The Roman Catholic missionaries first began work in the Islands in 1827 and with the exception of an interval from 1831 to 1840, have labored successfully, largely among the people of the Latin races, but f.lso among the Hawaiians. The Mormons arrived in 1853 and have con- fined their attentions almost entirely to proselyting among the Hawaiian Christians. The Protestant Episcopal Church has for many years been doing a splendid work in upbuilding Christian char- acter through church services and other forms of Christian activity.

The Methodists, the Christian Church, Salvation Army, Christian Science and other religious organizations are also in the field. Of non-Christian sects, the Buddhists have a large representation among the Japanese, numbering perbaps close on to 100,000. Most of the Buddhist sects are represented in Hawaii and there are about one hundred temples. The Shinto religion is also represented here.

In spite of the fact that there are so many religious organizations at work, the Hawaiian Evangelical Association, being the oldest of its kind in existence here, feels it has a definite place to fill. The organization includes 108 churches, of which 69 are Hawaiian. Some t until l~~O. ~erICIl!l BQard practiclllJy withdrew at this time but continued to support the work.

I1AWAIl, TIlE KALEIDOSCOPE OF THE P ACJFIC

of these Hawaiian churches are small, and are gradually becoming weaker because of the loss of the population in the country districts. There is a tendency among the Hawaiian people to leave the country and come to Honolulu or Hilo, the second city of the group. This is due to the excitement of town life and of better opportunities for industrial advancement than may be found in the larger centers.

Hawaiian Christians have many admirable qualities. They are loyal to the" Faith of the Fathers," are faithful in church duties, in Bible reading and daily prayer and in their adherence to the early Christian ideals taught by the first missionaries. Some of the pastors have been remarkable for their ability to lead and care for their A SUNDAY SCHOOL GATHERING IN ONE OF THE RURAL DISTRlcrrs OF HAWAII people and in the pulpit there have been many preachers of real ability.

For the last few decades the work of missionaries has been broadened out to include all the races now resident in this group. The Chinese work was the earliest to be started among the Orientals, because the Chinese emigrants preceded Japanese, Koreans, Filipinos and other races from the Orient. The work among the Chinese has been carried on for about fifty years with gratifying success. Frank W. Damon did a remarkable work in the Fort Street Chinese Church in Honolulu, and was always looked upon during the years of his life as a great friend of the Chinese people of Hawaii. Of the 912 members of the Chinese churches, 720 belong either to the Fort Street Church, or the 2nd Chinese Church of Honolulu. But the Chinese churches have become enfeebled largely through the departure of the older Chinese from these country districts to the city, owing to the decrease in the rice industry in a large measure.

The rise of the .Japanese work has been most gratifying. In

1910 there were only 956 members of our Japanese churches; there are now 2,331, denoting a healthy growth. Eighteen churches scattered throughout the group minister to the needs of the Japanese population. The outlook of this phase of our work is most encour- aging, owing to the aggressive tactics of our preachers and pastors, reinforced by a vigorous Sunday-school campaign, which is being carried among the children of Buddhist parents. There is a tendency among the young Japanese to leave the religion of their parents, owing to the Americanization process steadily going on in our public schools. In spite of the vigorous campaign of the Buddhist priests, the young Americans, of Japanese ancestry, have a decided leaning toward accepting Christianity and American institutions. This struggle is going along quietly in the hearts of many of the young people and in spite of apparent failures here and there, the Christian way of thought and life is making strides forward among these young people.

. The work among. the Portuguese is maJpng but slow progress and there are only two evangelical cliurches in the Territory to minister to the needs of those who have left the Church of Rome and desire a freer expression of their religious sentiment and activities.

An element in the population which is likely to become the second largest of all the racial groups in Hawaii is that of the Filipinos. In 1906, immigration from the Philippine Islands was instituted by the Hawaiian Sugar Planters' Association, and since that time the "Little Brown Brothers" have been coming into the Territory in increasing numbers. At first, the larger proportion of these were Tagalogs or Visayans, but in the last few years the preponderant proportion of the Filipinos has been the Ilocanos from the northern part of Luzon. They appear to be steadier and more industrious than their brethren from the islands of the south. Nominally Roman Catholics in their faith, a great number of them are so only in name, and are quite ready to listen to the evangelical message presented by the ten ministers and preachers in the service of the Hawaiian Board of Missions. Owing to the uncertain economic conditions prevailing among these people for the last year which were largely due to the strike inaugurated a year ago, it has not been possible to secure such abiding results in the church work as would most likely prevail when all wag peace and harmony in the Filipino population. These economic problems are being worked out satisfactorily, however, and the work of the various sugar plantations is steadying down. ·Our preachers have sometimes been placed in an embarrassing position before the eyes of their countrymen, as they have always stood for law and order and have frowned down upon measures urged by the strike leaders to secure the results at which they are aiming. In spite of the uncertain conditions, however, the outlook among these people is promising, especially in the Sunday-schools.

HAWAII, THE KALEIDOSCOPE OF THE PACIFIC

The Hawaiian Board is putting an increasing emphasis upon religious education and in training teachers for the Sunday-schools. In 1904, Mr. Theodore Richards, who has been Treasurer of the Board for almost a quarter of a century, founded an institution called the Honolulu Bible Training School. Its primary object for training Normal School students for teachers in Sunday-schools is being evolved in a remarkable manner. The enrollment of the school is nearly 350 and its graduates, numbering several hundreds, are taking an active part in the upbuilding of the Kingdom of God in the scattered communities up and down the coasts of the various Islands. A field worker aims to cover the Islands for the purpose of holding A FILIPINO CHRISTIAN CHURCH IN HAWAII Sunday-School Institutes and meeting the needs of the country schools by friendly suggestions and cooperation wherever possible.

The needs of the young people of the various races who all speak the English language are being met by programs which call for rallies, conferences, Bible dramas, inspiring addresses, etc. In Honolulu a church for these young people, most of whom are students in high schools or university, was established a couple of years ago under the name of "The Church of the Crossroads." This unique institution is more than an experiment, for it is succeeding in training a splendid group of young people in Christian doctrine and manner 6f.life, a group destined to be the leaders of the new generation.

The Honolulu Theological Seminary and Christian Workers' Institute occupies a plant adjoining the Mission Memorial Building, the headquarters of the Hawaiian Board. This Seminary affords a training for the various native workers and by working in connection with

the University of Hawaii, is able to produce workers with a splendid training to meet the needs of the Island population.

The Board has always believed in a broad interpretation of the Gospel and therefore has provided in its budget for the maintenance of social settlements in Honolulu and Hilo and in cooperation with the Oahu Sugar Company (the second largest sugar-producing company in the Islands) is operating a social settlement at Waipahu, the third largest town in the Territory. The Hilo Boys Boarding School, Maunaolu Seminary, Kohala Girls' School, and' Mid-Pacifio Institute of Honolulu, are schools that have been founded by the missionaries or their associates, with which the Board has always maintained most friendly relations of cooperation and sympathy.

The oldest paper published west of the Rockies, The Friend, founded in 1843, has had a great influence in forming public opinion. The Board publishes two other monthly papers, one in the Hawaiian language and the other in the Filipino dialects.

The headquarters of the Board are adequately housed in the Mission M!'lmorial Building on South King Street, directly opposite the Old Mission House. This old Mission House was built in 1821 and is the oldest frame building in the Islands. It is adjoining the Kawaiahao Church building, the oldest evangelical organization in the Territory. The Mission Memorial Building was erected in 1916, to commemorate the remarkable services of the missionary fathers and mothers: It is a beautiful, substantial and useful memorial to the pioneers of Christian civilization in Hawaii.

The Board considers this a new era for four reasons: (1) There is a growing cooperation among the various races in Christian work; whereas misunderstandings used to arise frequently, now the various peoples who follow the Master are growing together in closer bonds of sympathy and service, as they realize that we are all one in Christ and that we must all stand shoulder to shoulder to meet the attacks of the common enemies of paganism: indifference and false religions.

(2) The young people of Oriental parentage and heritage desire services in the English language, and the Board is meeting this need wherever possible in the racial churches. Several of the Hawaiian churches have English preaching service once a Sunday or once a month, and in the Japanese and Chinese churches, English sermons are becoming more and :rr..ore the custom. There seems to be scarcely any limit to the amount of work that may be done among the young people, especially of student groups. They are responsive to the Christian appeal if it is made in a reasonable, sane and forceful manner, backed up by the personality of the preacher.

(3) Educational Work: The Board believes in training young people, not only in education and along practical lines, but also in

ttAWAlt, THE KALEUDOOOOPE OF THE PAciFic

AN EASTER SERVICE AT SUNRISE, ON PUNCHIlOWL HILL, HONOLULU

civic righteousness, patriotism and general fitness to become members of the body politic.

(4) Evangelistic Effort and Spiritual Uplift: Evangelistic campaigns are carried on throughout the Territory from time to time, not by imported evangelists but by using our own workers through transferring them temporarily from their fields. This is especially true among the .Japanese and by means of a house to house canvass, mass meetings and others forms of effort, our Japanese preachers, thoroughly aroused to their opportunities, are meeting with great success among the older people and the younger ones.

In Hawaii, as in communities throughout the mainland, there is a zealous struggle of those who are adherents of the pure Gospel of Christ to maintain the ideals of life represented by the Master.

Perhaps the hardest field of effort IS among the Anglo-Saxons. The Hawaiians and Orientals naturally turn to them for leadership and follow their example in church life as they do in business, social and other relationships. The Central Union Church, with a membership of close on to 1,400, is the largest single church organization in the Territory, and holds a commanding position in the city of Honolulu, through its long history of usefulness and the social prominence of its membership. It maintains a vital touch with China, through supporting several missionaries in that large country, and it also maintains a great interest in the work of the Board, in fact, many of the Board members are also members of this church.

THE ORIGINAL AMERICANS M EXIco, when the white man discovered it, was inhabited by the Aztecs, a people with a high degree of civilization. They had excellent government and laws, good highways, well developed mines, industries and arts. Their Temple of the Sun is one of the great monuments of antiquity.

In Peru, the Incas had the other great ci.vilization of original America. They had developed a specialized agriculture and had made terraced gardens. They had built great suspension bridges with neither iron nor steel in their construction. Their structures of huge stones were almost as wonderful as the Egyptian pyramids.

In Chile are the Araucanians, the only aboriginal tribes who have never been conquered by the whites. They are a self-reliant race of superior native ability and are law-abiding citizens. They are foodgrowers, and have good industries.

In western Paraguay are the largest body of savage Indians in South America. They are practically independent of the neighboring republics, adorn their body with few clothes and tbeir faces with much paint; they eat mainly fruits, roots, reptiles and the succulent caterpillar. They live in constant fear of demons and hide from the white man in almost impassable swamps, protecting themselves with long, powerful bows and barbed arrows. BY ROBERT P. WILDER, NEW YORK General Secretary of the Student Volunteer Movement T HE history of missions, like any other historic presentation of men's spiritual and practical actions, is a progressive de- velopment. It changes and adapts itself to successive con- ditions as the generations march by. But the heart of the movement remains essentially the same. Whether one record missionary motives in 1825 or in 1925, there is one definite motive and model to govern us, namely, Christ's last command.

After the early centuries the apostolic missionary flame died down. Only in the conversion of the tribes of Northern Europe was there an upstarting flare. Then came the Middle Ages, when with exception of the work of such men as Raymond Lull and FranCIs Xavier, obedience to our Lord's Commission languished. Reforma- tion days were so occupied with the removal of errors within the Church that little missionary activity existed. Then came a recru- descence of missionary enthusiasm, with the Moravian missionary movements (beginning in 1701); the formation of the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel in England and the Danish Mission to India early in the same century. 'Vith the opening of the nine- teenth century, came the real stride forward in missions and American endeavors were added to the stream fed by other nations.

What was the nature of the missionary motive one hundred years ago? In those days, the missionary was mainly recruited from ministerial ranks. It was the preacher who had laid upon his heart a special call to go unto the unevangelized. A pioneer evangelist was preferred. Youth and the ability to follow an itinerant calling were prerequisites. Educated men who could save souls, who were also practical men-men who went for no sake of adventure except for the glorious adventure of presenting the Lord's cause–men who were ready to die if need be in the fulfillment of their calling-men whose lives were dominated by prayer, Bible study, and good works.

The motive for going most often mentioned was the constraining love of Christ and consecration, resulting in obedience to the Great Commission to carry the Gospel into the "regions beyond," where churches did not exist, and where Christ was not yet known. Because there were so many open doors into new fields, because the harvest was so plenteous and the laborers so few, many preachers in the homeland were urged to go into foreign fields where there was greater opportunity to save souls from darkness and death.

There must have been times when it was exceedingly difficult to find men of this caliber to go forth. Many could not stand the 931 rigors of an extreme climate and primitive living. Others would not see in such fields an opportunity to use brilliant talents. It was not enough even to be swayed only by a sense of the worthiness of the undertaking, and a general desire to do the Will of God. Wholehearted consecration-not merely the greatness of the need-must be the distinct basis of the pioneer missionary.

Even in 1830 the idea that men of lesser ability would do for missions was regarded as unwarranted. "However otherwise it may have been in former times, it is now the sure evidence of a debased heart or an impoverished mind to sneer at the missionary. The title of missionary, even among the most wicked, is no longer a synonym for weakness, fanaticism, and ignorance," said a writer in 1838. Such an idea would have tended to lower the character of all the operations connected with the evangelization of the world. "I cannot well conceive of any field of missionary exertion," wrote one author in 1831, "where high intellectual powers may not have the finest and most useful display. In an acquisition of languages, in plans for the amelioration of the people, in acquiring influence over them~a man of quick. perceptions and energetic character does more in the course of a few years, than weaker men could in a long lifetime." The conception that savages or people of low cultures had mind., so easily overshadowed by the usual mentality of Christians that it would be an easy matter to master them, was quickly overthrown. The power of reasoning, often discovered in mere savages, showed that no one could be sent out to primitive lands who was either ignorant or stupid.

In the years between 1825 and 1835 came a new departure in missions, the advent of a mode of evangelization which can explain the subsequent subdivisions into various branches; educational, social, industrial, literary, etc. Medical missionaries were sent out, not simply to be attached to the important missions, but to do pioneer work. Said a writer in 1838, "It is meant that these men should be unmarried, generally itinerant, and left to the providence of God to direct to their fields of labor, to combine the qualifications of healing and preaching." About fifty years later, another writer referred to "the most rapidly successful of modern missionary efforts-medical missions …. , In all climes and countries, among those of all degrees of advancement in civilization, it has ever been found that the healing of the body, as in the days of our Lord's own work on earth, opens the way better than any other mode of operation, for the healing of the soul."

In the years of 1875-1925 there has been a further development along specialized lines in educational, industrial, secretarial and social work. In our zeal to send out men and women fully equipped for this specialized work, has there been a tendency to neglect the supreme aim of the missionaryY Comparing the decade of 1875- 1885 with the decade 1915-1925, I believe that we will find the mis- sionary motive, while revealing an elaboration in expression, is essentially the same. One author, writing in the earlier years of the last half-century said: "Missionary work is prompted supremely by the constraining love of Christ. This is a lofty standard but it is a true standard, and should never be lowered. It is to be feared, however, that to many persons missionary work means little or nothing more than a civilizing agency …. but this is only a secondary pa"rt of his mission …. The language of the true missionary every- where in our day is precisely that of the first Great Missionary whom the world ever saw: 'The love of Christ constraineth us.' "

The missionary did not tamper with the truth, did not "Shut his eyes to facts, did not believe sin to be harmless, yet none the less he was constrained at every step by the supreme love of Christ in his soul, to obey the specific command to "disciple all nations." These consecrated Christians did not believe that we should wait until distant nations came to our shores, nor until the influence of the Gospel should indirectly and slowly permeate the world, but they heard the call to go to the nations in the places which God had given them for dwelling places. The true missionary spirit was marked by readiness to empty oneself, like the Master, to sacrifice the lesser things for the greater. Moral heroism and an apostolic enthusiasm were demanded. A definite conviction was the need that God had called a man for the duty of preaching the Gospel. After that every step was of necessity subject to successive manifestations of God's will-in equipment, preparation and entrance into work of soul winning.

Now turn to the analysis of the missionary motive as enunciated by a Student Volunteer who went out in 1924. He had a burning message on his heart: "I believe the whole thing comes down ultimately to a question of consecration. Each of us has at some time felt that we had made a surrender of our lives to Christ. And yet the test of that surrender is not so much to what place we go, as in the quality of our lives. There is a very general dislike of this word 'surrender' in our generation. We say that it smacks of the narrow and the old-fashioned and that it gives a degraded impression of human nature. But I strongly suspect that for many of us these are excuses rather than reasons and that our real dislike is chiefly because the word has a kick in it. In the field of science we do not object to it; where would science be without surrenderT …. "

This young missionary goes on to say, "The only way in which the principles of Christ can become effective in your life or mine, the only way in which we can measure up anywhere near to His standards, is by letting Him manage our lives…. Are we egocentric or Christo-centric1 The test lies in this; what difference does Christ make in us, and what difference does He make in others

through us 1 '" . We must 'let go,' just as though heaving a huge sigh of relief. Not for a moment will this mean for us a life of negativeness or of passivity. We shall find that we are more active than before, that we are actually doing more, but on a very different plane. We 'shall be plunged into the things which God wants us to do, with a sense of overflowing zest and power. In this we shall be able to forget ourselves, to cease that tense straining to improve ourselves, and let Him dominate and contl'ol and change us. 'For it is God who worketh in you, both to will and to work for His good pleasure. ' And then God does it! This has been the testimony of Christians from the very beginning, and still is today. Two things which seem to be absolutely essential, both to the maintenance of our spiritual vitality and to the advancement of Christ's Kingdom, are prayer and contagion. …… It is impossible to describe any method of winning others to Christ, for there is no special method. Everything depends upon a quality of life that is contagious and upon the power and guidance of the Holy Spirit."

These. voices out of the past and present answer the question as to whether the true missionary motives are the same today as th(jy were fifty years ago. Is there :1, change in the appeal today from that which obtained fifty years ago ~ Yes and no. The foreign field is more varied, more complicated, more sophisticated with the rising tide of nationalism, with the onrush of Western industrialism and with the growth of indigenous church leadership. But the essential need is the same, the hearts of men are practically the same, open to the same vices and pitfalls, and susceptible to the identical heights of inspiration and glorification of the love of God.

The other day a group of students was discussing this topic and made some interesting remarks. One quoted, "There is only one religious problem in the world today, and that is the problem of sin, and only one religious solution 'God in Christ taking the sin upon Himself and bearing it away.' " Another said that students may not say that Christ saves from sin, but if we give them the job of trying for one day to hold up Jesus Christ to keep from doing unworthy things, they will see the meaning of redemption from sin. They have to be brought to see that Jesus Christ is more than the first Christian as Luther was the first Lutheran, that He not only came to point out a way, called "Jesus' way" but that He Himself is the way, the life and the truth. Some think that the older missionary motive was simply to go and te11 what Christ means to you individually, but that the present-day motive has come to mean to go and tell what Christ means corporately to people. But missionaries like Carey and Livingstone were profoundly interested in bettering social conditions as well as in saving individuals. One cannot do great things socially unless Christ means much to one individu. ally, and this must be told to others as individuals, for society is composed of individuals.

Possibly the greatest change in the last half century has been in the order of emphasis in presenting the missionary motive. When the S. V. M. began the order was usually-first, the charter for missionary work as it is found in the Bible; then the greater success abroad compared with that at home in proportion to the laborers employed and money expended. Then the greater need was stressed, frequently followed by the reflex influence of foreign missionary work upon home churches. Today the Biblical basis of missions is more apt to be placed after human need has been presented. A larger emphasis illan formerly is laid on social, racial and international problems; as much is not said about the future condition of the unevangelized as upon their present need. The Biblical argument is based not so much on special verses as on the Scriptures as a whole.

Today, as in former years, consecration to the cause of Christ and dependence on the power of the Holy Spirit are necessary to produce abiding results. The cause of Christ is advancing on the foreign field and this could not have been accomplished without consecration.

SOME GREAT PRAYERS "0 Lord give me souls or take away my soul." GEORGE WHITEFIELD, the farnmts English Evangelist.

"Here let me burn out for God." HENRY MARTYN, missionary, kneeling on Ind!:(t's coral strands.

"Lord, W Thee I dedicate myself. 0 aecept of me and let me be Thine for ever. Lord, I desire nothing else, I desire nothing more." DAVID BRAINERD, missionary to the North American Indians, 1718-1747.

"Give what Thou wilt, and how much '£hou wilt, and when Thou wilt. Set me where Thou wilt and deal with me in all things just as THOMAS a KEMPIS, 1379-1471. 'fhou wilt."

"Use me then, my Saviour, for whatever purpose and in whatever way Thou mayest require. Here is my poor heart, an empty vessel; fill it with Thy grace." DWIGHT L. MOODY.

"Do Thou, my God, do Thou, God, stand by me against all the world's wisdom and reason. Oh, do it. Thou must do it. Stand by me, Thou true eternal God."

MARTIN LUTHER, when called before the Diet of Worms.

"0 Lord, send me to the darkest spot on earth." JOHN KENNETH McKENZIE. Prayer 'IS !); young missionary candidate.

"Lord, save Fiji, save Fiji. Save these people. 0 Lord, have mercy upon Fiji; save Fiji."

JOHN HUNT, missionary to the Fiji Islands, when dying. Masa1a, Fighting Man and Elder BY REV. B. J. ROSS, CUNNINGHAM, SOUTH AFRIOA Missionary of the United Free Chureh of Scotland M ASALA, for the first forty years of his life a heathen savage, became, after long Christian experience, the leader of a strong church Session. Tall and slender, lithe and active in spite of threescore years and ten, handsome, with quite marked Semitic features, always smiling and genial, but steel hard if need be, he was a man loyal ever to his minister, but of quite independent mind. The small congregation he had built up was remarkable for two things, the large number of children who accompanied their -parents to church, and the large number of young men who joined the Chureh as converts from heathenism and became fit to be office-bearers of value.

Masala Upisane trained them. He was an aristocrat, and had been the fighting man of a fighting clan. No beer-drinking tulzie or faction fight was right for his section of the clan unless he was leading. His head bore many scars of clubs; none behind. l'Jven in his fighting days he was known as the fighter who fights and laughs, and in his Session days he plways kept smiling.

On one occasion, during a great clan fight, Masala and his son sat quietly at home. Much surprised, the missionary asked a Christian how he could ignore his chief's call.

"Oh, he! he is not like the rest of us. The very boys know that he is a warrior of fame, all men know that he is a Christian to whom bloodshed and drunkenness is an abomination. 'I'he chief knows quite well that to him the word of God is greater far than the word of any chief. He is a man by himself: we must obey the chiefs. If they will fight and Masala cannot stop them, he says, 'Fight away, but keep well clear of my village. I am done with such things.' "

He was taken ill, and once and again the missionary visited him. Then there came a special messenger saying the old man wished to see the missionary. I at once rode down. The old man, now about eighty, was very weak, but spoke of many things. After prayer and reading Psalms 23 and 27 by request, I said, "The sun sinks and I have far to ride, I must go." "Yes, you must go; there is no moon tonight. I thank you much for ('.oming. I wished to see you once more and bid you farewell. I would like you to come down and bury me." Taken aback, I said, "Are you certain you are going~" "Yes, I know I am going very soon. Under this sun I see you no more." "How are you going'" "I go in peace." "Whereon does your peace rest?" The old man raised himself with an effort and said, "Missionary, long, long years ago the Son of God saw me when I was a thing of naught. He spoke to me and I resisted Rim. Still He spoke to me in mercy and in patience; still I resisted Him. He laid His hand heavy upon me and He overcame me. He lifted me from a fearful pit, the vileness of which you know nothing, and He put my feet on a rock. For long years He has been rich in mercy, great in patience, and very faithful. I am going, and I go into the darkness on a journey of which my fathers knew nothing and told nothing. But this I know, wherever I go and whatever I meet,.He is with me, long-suffering and slow to wrath, faithful and true. And so it is I go in peace."

Broadcasting to the

in the United States· BY REIV. OHARLES A. THOMSON, SAN FRANCISCO, CAL. "E! Buen Pastor"-Ohurch of the Good Shepherd T HERE were three of us in the office. Dr. Aye was the super- intendent. of Mexican work for-well, let us say denomination X. Mr. Bee held a similar position in denomination Y. And I was the host and of neither X-ites or Y-vites.

"Now about Pueblo Ninguno1" asked Mr. Bee. His words called to mind a picture of the "Mexican town" of one of the older settlements in the Southwest: streets of grey dust splashed with the brilliant light of an exhaustless sun; a fringe of unpaved sidewalk; rows of one-story adobes or wooden shacks built flush up to the street line; through the narrow doorways glimpses of shadowed interiors; old grandmothers sitting at peace with folded hands; the still symphony of a mother and babe; the joyous flash of little children; flowers here and there and a few plants, green in spite of the desert heat; and above all a blue, blue sky.

The Y-vites had built a little chapel in "Mexican town" ten years before and the work had gone forward bravely, if not perhaps brilliantly. But suddenly a new factor appeared. Only three blocks from the little chapel another Protestant center was opened-and by the X-ites. The consent of the Y-vites was not sought nor were they even consulted.

"Now about Pueblo Ningun01" asked Mr. Bee, and Dr. Aye looked embarrassed. "Please don't think I had anything to do with that," he protested.

"Well," said Mr. Bee, "I have come to think the opening of that second center was not so bad. I told our Mexican pastor there that it would be much better to have in that community the impact of two Protestant centers instead of one. "

" And," he continued, half in jest, "I told him that after the X-ites make the people Protestant, then he can go in and turn them into Y-vites."

We laughed, but there was silence for a moment in the office. And another scene flashed into mind, the picture of a group of young men gathered together around the supper table. .The place was quiet and secluded, the spirit evidently one of intimate comradeship. Yet somehow over all hung an atmosphere of tension, of expectation, of the inquietude of impending separation. One of the group quietly rose, his eyes big with vision, as he looked out beyond his companions, out into the future. And as a sudden hush fell, there came the words: "Father, all mine are thine and thine are mine; I pray 937

that they all may be one; as -thou, Father, art in me and I in thee, that they also may be one in us; that they may be one even as we are one."

A cough broke the silence in the office, and I came back to the twentieth century-where Jesus' unanswered prayer remains unanswered still.

We who work among the Spanish-speaking people of the Southwest are as yet but toddlers along the way of interdenominational cooperation. Or to change the figure, too often our nose is so deeply inserted in the affairs of our own individual church or denomination that, even without the blinders of prejudice, our view is simply "straight to the point "-our point and no other. Too much are we interested in setting up our own gospel radio, to broadcast our own particular preachings and program. The idea of "cooperative broadcasting" is still young, but it is young, and so growing.

The magnitude of the task before us is making for cooperation. If we saw in our morning paper this headline, we should probably be startled-"U. S. Extends Border Southward-Takes in Population of Mexico's Six Northern States." Such a headline, of course, would be misleading. The United States is not extending its border southward, nor does it contemplate any such move. But it is true that we have already within our borders a Spanish-speaking population, almost equivalent to the total number of people living in the Mexican states of Sonora, Chihuahua, Coahuila, Nuevo Leon, Tamaulipas, and the territory of Lower California.

If we could by some Gargantuan maneuver transport to north of the Rio Grande, all the people now inhabitants of Mexico's national capital, Mexico City, of her chief seaport, Vera Cruz, and of the capital cities of her twenty-eight states and two territories, "ye should have a Mexican population only one third larger than the one now dwelling within our borders. We are accustomed to think of large groups of Russians and Czechs in our country. Yet the 1920 census put the number at about 700,000 for each, while conservative estimates place the number of our Spanish-speaking people at 1,500,000, and many raise the total by a quarter of a million more. We can say that at least one tenth of Mexico's population is now living within our gates.

It is our habit, of course, to think of the Mexican as living exclusively in the S.outhwest. And the four states of Texas, New Mexico, Arizona and California, it is true, can account for the majority. But Colorado, Oklahoma and Kansas also have goodly numbers. The Mexican consul in Chicago reports 20,000 as living in and around that city. It is announced that a leading sugar company in Michigan spends half a million dollars yearly to transport the thousands of Mexican laborers needed for the culture of the sugar beets. The steel mills at Homestead, near Pittsburgh, are planning

BROADCASTING TO 'rUE MEXWANS IN THE UNITED STATES

PROTESTANT WORK AMONG MEXICANS IN OAI.IFORNIA

a $300,000 barracks for their Mexican laborers. The Mexican in answer to the Macedonian call of our industries, "Come o~er and help us," has not only crosl'ied the border into the Southwest, but is rapidly being drawn into the North and East of our country. He may soon live next door to many of us.

Faced with this great and growing problem, the words of Dr. Charles E. Vermilya, of the Home Missions Council, cannot be denied: "No Protestant denomination has men enough efficiently to man the fields it is now trying to serve. Not one has means sufficient, a~ai1able to support properly a satisfactory program of work in these fields." We cannot ser~e adequately the fields already occupied; and what of those still unoccupied, whose calls are constanU If Protestant cooperation cannot be realized, it will be a case of Protestant non-operation in many sections.

The difficulty of the problem, as well as its magnitude, is making for cooperation. We must not forget that the Mexican is with us because our industries need him and want him, and cannot get along without him. He brings to us his labor, and many another worthy gift. But -he also brings to us the social problem of his po~erty, the educational problem of his ignorance and illiteracy, the moral and religious problem of his weakness and superstition. Let us sketch but a few broad lines.

Not so long ago we found in San Francisco a Mexican family of three adults and eight:children. They were living in three little rooms where the furnitu~e -consisted of a roll of tarpaulin on the floor for bedding, some pots and pans, and an oil stove with two burners, one of which did not burn, and the other only with alarming fits and starts which momentarily imperiled the safety of the household. That was all. There were no beds, no chairs, no comforts. The clothing of the children was scant, and two of them were sick. The man was without work and the family without funds.

The picture of this family may ser~e us for a ~i~id, if slightly heightened, description of the socia] conditions of a large number of the Mexicans now with us. Such is the effect of their po~erty, which results in malnutrition and disease, and of their ignorance, which shows itself not only in illiteracy, but also in a lack of knowledge concerning the practical arts of child-rearing and home-building, that the director of the di~ision of Child;Welfare of the Los Angeles Health Department can state: "The Mexican infant mortality under one year of age is three times that of the white, although it is a fraction o~er 21% less than it was a year ago. There is more poverty and squalor among the Mexicans than among all the other foreign populations combined." But this material need is only a manifestation of a deeper spir- itual need. Speaking recently to a ~eteran social worker, whose o.rown of silvered hair bore testimony to her twenty-fi~e years of

BROADCASTING TO THE MEcXIOANS IN THE UNlTElJ ST'ATES

untiring endeavor among Spanish-speaking people, I heard this testimony: "All social work among these people which does not have a spiritual basis is wasted. What they most need is to have the Ten Commandments built intQ their character. It is their soul which must be changed."

To bring to our Mexican neighbors a ministry adequate to their needs, radical and complex as they are, calls for not only the esoteric wisdom of the solitary individual and the peculiar point of view of the single denomination, but the cooperative counsel and the united wisdom of all those working in the field. Anything less will be insufficient in the face of the difficulties of the problem.

For decades past a number of the denominations have been at work among the Mexicans-the Baptists, both North and South, the Congregationalists, Disciples, the northern and southern branches of both Methodists and Presbyterians, and several others. Hundreds of churches and preaching points are being maintained; schools are caring for the children and young people, and hospitals and clinics for the sick. In the larger cities, important social centers have been opened, with an intensive program of clubs, classes and other activities, in addition to their religious services. Each denomination has sent forward its own company of Christian soldiers. And on the combat line, they have already begun to fraternize, and to seek that support which friendship and fellowship in a common cause may bring.

In Southern California, for example, the Mexican pastors and workers have directed for years an annual" Convention of Mexican Sunday-schools and Young People's Societies." This has been attended by the native workers of all the leading denominations actively engaged in that region; informational and inspirational addresses have been given; and mutual acquaintance has led to mutual understanding and sympathy.

For the past decade or so, there has also been held an annual meeting of the Interdenominational Council on Spanish-Speaking Work in the Southwest, a subsidiary organization of the Home Missions Council. It is attended by board and field representatives, superintendents and missionaries engaged in the social, educational and evangelistic work of the various denominations. Topics of common interest are presented; common problems are discussed; and the interchange of opinion and experience has slowly built up a common consciousness and a desire for more effective forms of cooperation. Comity arrangements have been worked for a large part of the Southwest; and though the course of cooperation has not always run smoothly, much overlapping and duplication of effort have been eliminated and avoided.

Yet the members of the Council have felt that so far too little has been accomplished. There has been much talk of working to-

gether, but little actual cooperation; many plans conceived, but few achieved. The Council in its annual meetings has been able to think cooperatively, to legislate, as it were; but it has lacked an executive agency to carry out its projects.

It behooves us to remember that like little children-and we are little children in cooperation-we really learn by doing things, not by talking about them. The only way to learn to work together is to work together. We assume that cooperative thinking must prepare the way for cooperative action. But more often cooperative action lays the foundation for cooperative thinking. We only learn to discard the categories of "mine" and "thine," and say "this is OUt's" when we have worked together on a project.

Accordingly the Council chosfl at its last meeting an executive secretary, who is to give at least part time to developing those cooperativ.e coordinations which are desired. A beginning will be made naturally with those projects for which general need is felt. Of course, it must always be kept in mind that the goal of cooperation is not centralization, but rather that uuity of spirit and purpose in Christ, which can say in all sincerity and unselfishness, "All that is mine is yours and w.hat is yours is mine."

A directory of all the Mexican work in the Southwest has long been wanted-a booklet which will give the name and location of all Protestant churches, schools, social centers, ministers and workers. Given the migratory character of so many Mexicans, it is important that they know the location of the Protestant center in the town of their destination. It is desirable that the program of the many schools established in the Southwest be studied to discover possible gaps and distribute attention more evenly to all needy groups. Special interest centers in the establishment of interdenominational seminaries and training schools for Christian workers, young Mexicans who can be the leaders of their own people. The cost of muchneeded Spanish literature is too heavy for anyone denomination, and this can best be met cooperatively. A desire has long been expressed for an interdenominational paper or bulletin, which would serve to create a common consciousness of fellowship among all the workers in the Southwest. Along these and similar lines the first efforts will be directed.

As the Mexican is called into the north and east of our country, he will present a new responsibility to the local groups of churches. In some cases one church alone may wish to assume this responsibility. In others it can best be assumed cooperatively. The associate secretary of the Council of Churches in a middle-western city writes: "We have a group of Mexicans which numbers about 1,000. Until within a year and a half ago we who are Protestants had an undisputed field, but the success of our work and the proven loyalty of the Mexicans stirred up the Catholic people and now a program is being

1925J BROADCASTING TO THE MEXICANS IN THE UNITED STATES

promoted on their part which promises to be tireless. This united effort on their part emphasizes the weakness of ours, in that we divide and teach differing baptisms, communions, etc. Could Protestantism forget denominations and lead the Mexican to Christ through the open Bible without further teaching of creeds we might look for still greater things.

"Thirteen denominations are cooperating in the movement. The Baptists have also a small mission in the city. This makes three distinct efforts. We are endeavoring to make our interdenominational work and the Baptist work cooperative. We cannot afford to disregard the strength of a united movement."

But let us not limit the great word Cooperation merely to interdenominational efforts. The church which faces the opportunity of ministering to its Mexican neighbors can look for help not only to its sister denominations, but also to all the social ageneies of the community-the schools, the clinics and hospitals, the social settlements and charitable agencies. Workers in all of these have the service motiye and often possess a more scientific approach to the problem than do the churches. The resources of this type of cooperation have only begun to be developed.

The Interdenominational Council on Spanish-speaking Work, through its executive secretary, is at present cooperating with the California Conference of Social Work and the California Department of Education, in a preliminary study of the economic and social position of the Mexican in the whole Southwest. It is hoped that some one of the large foundations of the country may finance an adequate investigation of the Mexican in the United States.

At present there is no restriction on Mexican immigration. But it is a grave question if our neighbors to the South are not crossing the line too fast for their own good and for the good of our American Southwest. An over-supply of Mexican laborers leads to their exploitation through low wages and irregular employment, and they become also a heavy burden on our American social agencies.

It may be we shall need a new Mexican immigration policy. But that policy will be adequate only if it is founded on all the facts which a cooperative investigation can discover; and further, if we can call to its formulation, not only the thinking of American, but also of Mexican. An immigration policy which will best safeguard the interests of both Mexico and the United States can come only from a conference in which both Mexico and the United States take p'art. For after all, in all of our endeavors, it is not cooperation for the Mexicans but cooperation with the Mexicans which is our ultimate goal.

A REMARKABLE JAPANESE WOMAN* M AD.A1.{ KAJI YAJIMA, perhaps the Japanese woman best known to American Presbyterians, died June 16th at her home in Tokyo in her 93d year. Madam Yajima was one of the foremost women educators of Japan, and served many years as principal of the Joshi Gakuin, the first Presbyterian mission school for girls in Tokyo.

Her work for education and for Christian truth did not begin until middle life. She was broken in health from her unhappy marriage when she returned to her girlhood home at the age of forty. Going to nurse a brother taken sick in Tokyo, she became interested in the newly established schools being set up by the Government, and entered the first experimental teacher-training class. Teaching proved her life work, and for a number of years she taught in the primary schools of the country.

A consciousness that there was something more, and growing dissatisfaction with her Buddhist religion, led Madam Yajima to inquire into Christianity, and shortly after taking up her work in Graham Seminary, she was baptized by Dr. Thompson and became a member of the Presbyterian Church.

Madam Yajima's father was town supervisor of Kumamoto, and from him, she and her sisters received a thorough education. She was married early, but soon discovered that her husband was a drunkard, and the years of suffering which she was forced to undergo gave her the deep hatred of liquor which resulted later in her helping to found the Woman's Christian Temperance of Japan and becoming its first president. Her fearless work in this office won her the sobriquet of the "Frances Willard of Japan."

In the early days she went from house to house arousing enthusiasm in the new movement and raising money for the work, and she started the first Japanese temperance paper which circulated among the women. Her appearance at the World's W. C. T. U. Convention in Boston in 1905, when she was seventy-four years old, carried her audience to white heat of enthusiasm.

Madam Yajima was nearly eighty years old when Tokyo's vice district was burned. She organized a great mass movement of protest against the plans of the Government to rebuild it, and in person led a protest procession carrying a petition of 10,000 signatures through the streets to the governor's palace.

Madam Yajima's services to Japan in both education and reform brought her public recognition from the Emperor in the form of a decoration bestowed at the time of his coronation.

As Dr. Arthur J. Brown has well said: "Madame Yajima has been decorated by the Emperor of Japan for distinguished service, and we can well imagine what her decoration will be from the King of kings for service to His cause."

*From Women and Misaions.

Layman's Responsibility·

BY ROBERT A. DOAN, COLUMBUS, OHIO AS LAYMEN we dare not consider the introduction of Chris- .l'l.. tianity into foreign countries as a mere business proposition.

Vastly more of a selling proposition is involved in foreign missions than in the sale of Sun Maid Raisins, Camel Cigarettes or Westinghouse electric bulbs. The salesmanship methods used in disposing of these commodities in the crowded areas of the world could be studied with profit by those engaged in foreign missions.

But when one is asked to discuss the laymen's responsibility for the foreign missionary movement one is compelled to go far deeper than the consideration of advertising methods or the spending of money for propagation purposes. .

For more than a year we have lived among peoples of various races and nationalities whose only estimate of Christianity is that which they form by observing those who call themselves Christians.

Most of these peoples we have visited repeatedly in the past ten years. Their countries are being asked to accept a new religion.

They see no reason for accepting a foreign doctrine. They will never be induced to embrace Christianity until, if ever, they observe that it is a life and not a mere dogma.

At a banquet of Christian men in India I was startled when one of them said, in a message to Christians in America, "Tell them that like them, we want to become." Involuntarily my heart cried, "N0, no, not like such as we are." In contrast to the complimentary message of that earnest Christian are the words of an Indian quoted at the Glasgow Student Conference in January, 1921. "What be- wilders the alien observer," he said, "is not the occasional aberra- tions of the Christian nations but their habitual conduct; not their failures but their standard of success; not their omission to live up to righteousness but their insistence that wrong principles are right. Your creed is exalted, but your civilization is a nightmare of envy, hate and uncharitableness. I would forego the former in order to escape the latter."

Honesty compels us to approach our subject from the stand- point of the genuineness or the falsity of our own Christianity.

I.

Practicing Christianity at home is more essential than preaching it abroad. Sending missionaries to other lands is a foolish proposition unless we admit that the teachings of Christ which they '" From an address delivered at the Washington CO'llvention.

3 H5

carry have never been truly lived out by any nation. We would do well, then, to consider the Christian layman's duty today as a citi- zen of his own nation and of the world.

Our world is suffering from too much national sensitiveness. Every nation is "touchy." All seem obsessed with the determina- tion to stand on their rights. Nations of power are full of self-conceit. I was in China recently when they observed the annual holiday known as "humiliation day." It was for the purpose of reminding the Chinese of the injustice done them by a nation which thought only of itself. I have just spent three months in India where many claim that the ruling power considers only its own welfare. A month in the Philippines reveals very clearly the intensity with which some of the citizens claim unjust restraint on the part of the United States. We might call the roll of nations aronnd the world and discover similar conditions. In the light of the sensitive temper and strain in which we find the world today, I ask in shame what influence we may expect to exert as laymen in the foreign mission program of our Church when the American Congress passes an immigration law made possible by our false assumption that we have a right to do as we please in our own country without due consideration of others f We were in Japan when that act was passed. It Was impossible to explain why an ideal religion of love, which entered the United States with its first settlers, had so failed. The program of foreign missions is useless until Christian laymen rid themselves of a race prejudice which practically amounts to hatred. I have encountered muLtiplied instances among men in the United· States and abroad who are called Christians who deny all Christ's teaching about love by their attitude toward foreign people.

I do not attempt to discuss the merits of the claims and counterclaims of the various nations. But the spirit back of them allboth on the part of those who claim injustice and on the part of those who furnish the occasion for such a claim-is essentially selfish. The spectacle of the contending nations of today has never been duplicated in history outside of actual war. Our travels in the past year not only reveal this supersensitive condition between nations, but also make clear the intensely selfish attitude between groups within each nation itself. Perhaps the most notable example of this is the failure of the non-cooperation movement in India to see in advance that there are certain irreconcilable elements in the population which will prevent any united movement as long as those differences exist. The world is drunk with a desire for selfish power. There is an almost entire' forgetfulness of the rights of others. I tremble and search my own heart again when Tagore in his arraignment of Western civilization says, "The bartering of your higher aspiration@ of life for profit and power has

THE LAYMAN'8 RESPONSIBILITY

been of your own free choice and I leave you there, at the wreck of your own soul, contemplating your protuberant prosperity . . . The West has been systematically petrifying her moral nature in order to lay a solid foundation for her gigantic abstractions of efficiency. ' , What is our dutyT As citizens of the world we must be on the alert that loyalty to our own country does not' obscure our belief as Christians that we belong to a common brotherhood. We frequently hear the expression" family of nations," bht what a quarrelsome family it is! Every true Christian layman must dedicate his life to the purpose, not of proclaiming that all in the world are brothers, but by living in his own nation as though he believes it. In order to do this we must oppose some powerful influences. Some time ago one of the big newspapers in this country said, "The churches have wisely, we think, interpreted the sayings of Christ as ideals for the inspiration and comfort of man, as ideals toward which we' strive and hope the race will some day attain . . . But the altruism of Christ would have destroyed those who adopted it literally arid its very survival has been conditioned upon its limita- tion in practice."

Such a statement is a menace and it is untrue. Literal adherence to the ideals of Christ may cost life. It has done so in the past, beginning with Jesus Himself. But it did not destroy Christianity. The statement that the survival of Christianity has depended upon the limitation of the practice of its ideals is as dangerous a doctrine as the devil could devise. Our adherence to Christ compels us to accept a world brotherhood regardless of race ; otherwise we are not Christians.

We must believe that it is possible for such love as Christ taught to prevail in the world today or we must admit that our Christianity is but another religion of fine phrases which mean nothing in this practical day. Let us not be misguided into believing that in these days of abominable world politics, Christianity is too ideal. Let us prove it is not or die in the attempt.

Our participation as laymen in the missionary program of:the Church is in vain, unless upon every possible occasion we encourage and commend those who stand boldly and courl:geously against anything of an unchristian character that would offend another nation. We need, what Dr. Henry T. HodgJPn calls in his "Christ~an Revolution" a converted nationalism. There is a great encouragement in the increasing boldness of those who believe in the redemption of the world from war by.the adoption of idealEi th,atare essentially Christian. Our foreign m,is,sions. program in theqh}l;rch compels the acceptance of some such ppsition, as that outliJ¥lgin .the intro- duction to Kirby Page's book on WR'r: ~ 'l>

"But this I see clearly; that war is the most colossal and ruinous social sin that afflicts mankind today; that it is utterly and irremediably unchristian; . . . that the war system means everything which Jesus did not mean; and means nothing that He did mean; . that. it is a more blatant denial of every Christian doctrine about God and man than all the theoretical atheists on earth could ever devise. What I do see is that quarrels between fundamentalists and liberals, high churchmen and low churchmen, are tith. ing mint, anise and cummin, if the Church does .not deal with this supreme moral issue of our time: Christ against War."

.Above all else, then let us as laymen, understand that our part in any foreign missionary program of the Church is a farcical performance if we deny the ideals of Jesus by our denial in practice of a world brotherhood. We must quickly prove that we believe in that idealism or we shall prove on the other hand, to the non- Christian world at least, that H. L. Mencken was right in that indictment of Christianity in the American Mercury for November, where his conclUding sentences were: "Christianity is sick all over this pious land. The Christians have poisoned it, One blast upon a bugle horn and the mob will be ready for the wake."

II.

If our Christianity is worth carrying to China or Japan or India it must be. inclusive. The day is rapidly passing when laymen may be stirted to any sacrificial depths upon a plea for denominational supremacy or rivalry. I have heard secretaries or missionaries plead for the establishment of work in certain centers with the argument that if it were not done quickly some other denomination might enter. I have listened to the arrogant assumption of superiority on the part of a denominationalist for his own sect.

Laymen will be moved as little by that kind of an appeal as by the statement of some partisan that every county seat in .America must have a church of his own particular denomination. Such appeals no longer grip. I favor denominational loyalty only when it considers itself a part of the whole Church of Christ. I could as easily be loyal to Ohio and disloyal to the United States as I could be a partisan for my own denomination to the exclusion of the greater movement of Christianity. Last summer in Japan I heard a Japanese, speaking of the work of his own denomination, say that its lack of success was due to the fact that they had too readily given way to other denominations in the observance of Christian comity. So easily does our narrowness spread!

We believe in working through existing organizations because we have seen the folly of individual or unorganized effort. But laymen, as spiritual stockholders in these organizations, should have a voice in shaping the way in which our Mission Boards work. When you make your investment in time or money or influence, you do wrong if. you do not see to it that what you invest goes to enlarge

THE LAYMAN'S RESPONSIBILITY

the spirit of Christ in the hearts of men and not merely to build a denomination. Is there Ii layman anywhere whose heart does not respond to the inconsistency pointed out by a missionary secretary who, in a recent magazine article, exclaimed, "Think of seeing an American Dutch Reformed Chinese!"

Where was the influence of Christian laymen of Canada and the United States when it became apparent that neither the Boards in those countries nor the Christians in Japan intended to unite to plan for better Christian work in Tokyo and, Yokohama following the earthquake~, I witnessed that disheartenIng spectacle in Japan as those with a vision of unity following the disaster waited in vain for word from the Boards at home which would make it possible for them to get together. I cannot believe. that theological differences obscured our vision of an expectant Christ as He waited amid the ruins of those great cities for the beginning of the fulfillment of His prayer that we might all be one. So far as I know, not one union Christian enterprise has emerged from the earthquake. I am pleading ~th every atom of strength I possess that a common faith in Christ be our test of fellowship everywhere in the world. As long as there is a divided Church, Christianity must linger on the edges of the distracted, restless masses of the races of the earth. There can be no peace, no surcease of spiritual sorrow and pain, no social deliverance, no redemption of a people for Christ, so long as Christianity hugs to itself the delusion that "a house divided against itself" can stand.

As laymen, we must study for ourselves and impart to others the new situation in lands where religions other than Christianity prevail. For the first time, in any serious way, these whom their own religions have failed to satisfy, are making comparisons with Christianity. No delusions about so-called Christian countries any longer exist. All religions, including Christianity, are under scrutiny. Along with this investigative study comes the demand to be allowed to try them in their own way. That reasonable request must be heeded by Christianity. Christ must be set free in the lives of Christians in these lands, to whom He is speaking with a startling clearness. Sectarianism must give way to Him. This new situation is saving the faith of many of us in Christian missions. It is the light of a new day which cannot be hidden. We are recognizing as belonging to the nationals many of the prerogatives we have too long egotietically held as our own. Let us form a great world comradeship with the lovers of our Lord everywhere, but let us cease to be dictators.

III.

A daring but not a blind faith will be the motivation for the layme~'s participation in foreign missions in the days ahead. Just

above the horizon of the dawning of a new day in Christian experience, I see the beginning of an intelligent interest in foreign missions on the part of the laymen of our churches. It is an interest born of a fuller conception of the commission "to go." Perhaps it has for its basis a gradual realization that they have borne the name of Christ while they have fed upon the husks of unworthy ambitions. Not a large group of Christ's men are seeing clearly as yet, but the awakening has begun. There are certain things which must be heeded by those now interested in the foreign missions enterprise if they would see this mighty dynamic of a laymen's revival properly directed.

The foreign missions program must be conducted along broad lines. Laymen will not be interested merely in saving souls from hell. They will insist that the example of Jesus who healed and fed and comforted people on the spot, regardless of their religion or race, be followed. Theirs will be a faith which will be so deeply spiritual that they will dare anything, but its foundation will be practicality. They will be interested in bringing men into comradeship with Christ in a real, personal relationship and will not be satisfied with securing them as subscribers to a particular interpretation of what .Jesus or His Apostles said.

This breaking of a new day already reveals much for which many hearts are praising God. It is eliminating our conception of all those of other religions as igilOrant "heathen." It is helping us to recognize that they have some light from God which need not be destroyed in order that the master light may shine in. It is even disclosing to us that they are able to reveal to us some spiritual depths which,· in our religious arrogance, we had not seen. I .think the laymen· will demand that the interpretations of God which shall be taken to other lands by Christians shall be similar to that expressed years ago by that prophetic missionary to Japan, .John H. DeForest, when he said: "Weare learning that the word of God is of no use until it is interpreted, first into the thought of the age, and, second, into the living experience of those who teach it. Any revelation of God is powerless until it is the discovery of man . . . Whatever in the Bible helps me . . . to see God in the lives of others in all churches _.- Catholic, Greek, Protestantin all nations, whatever the color of the people, makes my message great, deepens my sympathies with these peoples of the East because they are God's dear children, is to me inspired. Inspiration is intensely personal."

Foreign missions are experiencing a re-birth and we may confidently expect an eager intelligent participation of the laymen with a zeal not manifested when the plan was only that the "heathen

be saved from wrath to come." What a day it will be when bnsi- ness men will realize that the representatives they send abroad must be of such high character that they shall disprove the present con- ception held of us as selfish, brutal money-grabbers! What a re- joicing there will be in heaven and on earth when, in the Name of J esns, every humanitarian enterprise in the world will be snpported without regard to denominational preferment! Thank God that time is approaching! Christian brotherhood can become a fact only when an international conscience fully recognizes the rights of all. And that day can come only when we daringly demonstrate Christ's love by actually loving all mankind as He did.

Mahatma Gandhi says, "My religion has no geographical limits. I have a living faith in it which will transcend even my love for India herself."

Viscount Shibusawa, a Confucianist, said to me last summer, "My religion does not permit me to retaliate against the United States by a boycott."

.Tesus Christ says, "Thou shalt love thy neighbor as thyself."

All of these are mere declarations. We are witnessing before our very eyes the attempt of men of various religions to demonstrate their practicality in a world of hate. We must welcome the comparison though we tremble.

There are a vast number of Christian laymen whose hearts are burning within them to show their faith by their works. They believe that J esns Christ came from God and that He declared and lived a divine Gospel. They believe that He is the world's only hope and that He must be lived, as well as taught. "For me to live is Christ."

But the daring of their faith demands that the winning of the world shall be attempted with the winsome personality and love of J esns of Nazareth. They are not concerned with a mere system of theology. They are deeply anxious because the people of the lands which are called Christian have failed to prove the genuineness of their claim becanse of the way in which they have treated others. The laymen will accept the challenge. They oelieve that Christ is supreme. The world constitutes an open court. The deeds of no land may be hidden. The day of trial is here in a world which is desperately, distractingly, feverishly seeking a Saviour. Shall it turn to Confucious, or Buddha, or Mohammed, or Christ Y Let those who constitute the rank and file of Christendom answer. May that answer not be a denial of Our Lord.

William W. Peet- Missionary Admin-

istrator and Diplomat* BY REV. CHARLES T. RIGGS, CONSTANTTNOPLE, TURKEY 1 X 7HEN in 1881 William W. Peet gave up an important position V V in the Santa Fe Railroad, at Omaha, Neb., many friends thought he was making a foolish mistake. He was a power in church and Sunday-school and in civic life, as well as in his railroad work, but the call of the mission field was imperative, and he believed that he was following the guidance of his Master. Before leaving Constantinople last spring, after forty-four years of service, he expressed himself as still convinced that he was divinely led, and glad that he had made that decision.

During his life in Turkey, Dr. Peet has been associated with most of the great men who followed the early pioneers in mission work. He valued his connection with the Bliss brothers, with Drs. Elias Riggs, Dwight, George F. Herrick, George Washburn, and many others of gigantic mould. Dr. Peet's work has been strong also in the training of a group of younger workers. These men value as among their most treasured possessions the experience they have had with, and the wise counsel they have received from this prince of administrators.

As Treasurer of the four missions of the American Board in Turkey and Bulgaria (now reduced to two), and as transmitting agent for the Presbyterian Board's Mission in Persia, Dr. Peet has had a most complicated task to perform, using currency of many sorts and nationalities, with shifting rates of exchange, and frequent difficulties met in seI1ding funds to far-away points, especially in times of war. His resourcefulness made possible the continuance of work everywhere, and has given to the missionaries in distant points a feeling of confidence that they had in Constantinople one upon whom they could rely for the material needs of their work, and also one who was in deepest sympathy and cooperation with them in spiritual work.

The task was further increased by the handling of many different Relief Funds, coming from the United States, from England and elsewhere, in times of famine, epidemic, war, and massacre. This extra work, bringing no financial compensation whatever, has been given the .same undivided and whole-hearted attention and care always; his skill, fidelity, and zeal have resulted in the saving of the lives of tens of thousands in many parts of the country and of varied nationalities.

"From The Mi88wnary Heralc!. 952 Dr. Peet has also served as business agent for the missions, sending orders and transshipping purchases as between the mission- aries and the homeland, or making purchases in Constantinople and sending to the utterlllost parts of the Near East. In all this work he has given such universal satisfaction as has been the lot of very few men in such a difficult position.

Dr. Peet has also acted for many years as diplomatic repre·· sentative of the interests of the American Board and its missionaries in Turkey and Bulgaria. In this capacity he has handled many very difficult matters, involving relations both with the American Govern- ment and with the Government of Turkey. Realizing the need of a legal training, which might the better fit him for undertaking such diplomatic tasks, he took a correspondence course in law with an American institution, and received its diploma, although he had never had the opportunity of attending a law school. He has con- ducted his delicate tasks' with such skill as to win international recognition; until the American State Department has more than once instructed its Ambassadors to Turkey, before making important decisions 'regarding American interests, tQ consult Dr. Peet. In fact, the American Ambassadors have found by experience that such consultation was the best safeguard to insure wise action and a proper perspective in their task of understanding and treating con- ditions in this country.

Not only the American and British Ambassadors have valued his counsel, but Turkish government officials have respected and honored him, and appreciated his deep and intimate knowledge of the conditions of the country. He was asked by the League of Nations to accept the post of Commissioner of the League at Con- stantinople, although this post was never formally instituted.

During forty-four years' service, Dr. Peet has had many diffi- cult tasks to handle in connection with questionable or high-handed acts of local officials or designing persons, such, for example, as the expulsion under false charges of Mr. George Knapp from Bitlis in 1896; the imprisonment of several Americans in different places on unsubstantiated charges; and especially at the time of the kidnaping of Miss Ellen Stone, on the Bulgarian frontier, in 1902, when Dr. Peet, with the assistance of Dr. House and Mr. Gargiulo, the drago- man of the American Legation, was intrusted with the transfer of the ransom money from Constantinople into the hands of the brig- ands, thereby making possible the surrender of Miss Stone and her . companion. In all these tasks the wisdom and tact and perseverance of Dr. Peet have elicited the highest praise from all interested in securing justice.

Aside from his connections with the American Board in this part of the world, Dr. Peet has been active in many other agencies, notably the American College for Girls at Constantinople, of which

he has for many years been a Trustee; the Union Church of Pera; the Y. M. C. A.; and the building funds for the Pera and Gedik Pasha Armenian Evangelical churches. When the Near East Relief, or, as it was then called, the American Committee for Relief in the Near East, sent out its first expedition in 1919, Dr. Peet was one of the preliminary commission to come to Constantinople and from the very start he has been a prominent member of the Executive Committee of the Near East Relief, which has found his wisdom and advice invaluable in its work.

When it became known that Dr. Peet was leaving without expecting to return, groups of friends, as well as individuals, united to do him honor. At a reception tendered by representatives of the Evangelical churches of the city, he was given a beautifqlly illuminated address on parchment paper. His missionary colleagues, at a dinner in his honor, in addition to a suitably engrossed address, presented to him an album containing photographs and groups of his missionary colleagues throughout the country. The Armenian Patriarch gave him a rare and valuable manuscript of the Armenian New Testament on parchment, supposed to date from about the tenth century. The American community, gathered at the Embassy upon invitation of Admiral and Mrs. Bristol, presented him with a silver tray suitably engraved.

No greater name has been associated with the American Board work in Turkey during the last half-century than that of William W. Peet.

A Live Wire from Ceylon"

BY IfENRY ATKINSON, MLJSWELL HILL, CEYLON OUR train had halted at a certain station and when a colored . man came to the door one of the passengers exclaimed, "Hello, here comes a nigger!" Before we reached King's Cross that term of opprobrium was withdrawn, and I fancy that the man who used it will use it no more.

To the amusement of our fellow-travelers my colored friend inveigled me into a talk on comparative religion.

"Did I know that the Mohammedan believed in prayed" "Did I know that when the prayer season came the Mohammedan would brook no interference; he would pray1" "Did I know that at all times and seasons the Mohammedan was a missionary?" "How far could I, a Christian minister, say that of my people?" "How was it that just now in the restaurant car few or none apparently had asked a blessing on the meal ¥' l • From the L. M. S. Chronicle.

19251 A LIVE WIRE FROM CEYLON

My fellow passengers dropped their papers and listened. Here was a man whose entire traqition was that of Islam; trained in a Mohammedan university; a man of culture and a gentleman to the finger-tips. Time and again I had to make concession to the charges he brought against our Laodicean handling of the faith of Jesus Christ. My fellow-passengers took up the cudgels for me. For their own sakes I was almost sorry that they did because of the sound thrashing each man experienced in turn as the colored man asked: "Who were they in the service of ChristT What were they doing for their Master T" "How far, in loyalty, would their life compare with his Mohammedan kinsmen?" "How did they employ their Christian Sunday and what were the opportunities they were seizing to act the part of missionary and maintain their Master's witness 1" It was a searching inquisition; all the more so in that it was so evidently sincere. Then came the man's own confession. In distant Ceylon he had heard the call of Empire and in 1915 had come to fight in the war for the great white King. For the first time he had come into contact with the Christian message; had listened to the evangel of the soldiers' padre; had secured a copy of the Gospel and one day found himself weeping over the majesty of its example and the glory of its ethic. There, in a Flanders billet, he had bowed his head and confessed himself a trophy of the Son of God. He told his story at length, impressively and tenderly, till not a man in our company but knew that he was in the presence of one of Christ's miracles and the most unassailable of all Christian arguments. For this man's part the best of his Mohammedan traditions were brought over and reconsecrated. He would insist for himself and others that what loyalty meant for his old faith it must also mean for the new. Under the constraint of this railway missionary, one of my fellow-passengers promised that he would go to his vicar that very night and surrender himself for service. Every man of us knew that through this dark-skinned Cingalese we had been brought face to face with the Master of us all. I have since learned that this man is the son of one of the richest princes in Ceylon. When he wrote to his people to tell of his Christian choice his father offered him £40,000 to abjure it, and when he declined, his father disinherited him. For three years he lived a life of abject poverty, picking up stray jobs on the docks and giving most of his time to preaching among colored seamen. He is the livest wire I know in the kingdom of God.

Medical Work at

BY JOHN R. DICKSON, M.D., ANHWEI, CHINA M EDICAL work at Showchow has been launched. Show-chow is a beautiful walled city of great antiquity, probably several thousand years old. Our first few months there were spent reconstructing our Chinese house. The first few weeks were spent in a mud house with a thatch roof and the earth for a floor, but it was more comfortable than it sounds.

The sick people soon heard that there was a foreign doctor and we treated many in the back yard-opening abscesses, treating many eye conditions, etc. Before settling down to my daily clinic, I thought it would give me a more intelligent idea of the situation to see our great unexplored, unevangelized, neglected south country field.

Anyone with· a heart cannot help but feel the challenge of this tre- mendous opportunity. .

We started out on March 6th, the party consisting of one of our Chinese evangelists, Mr. Wang, my friend and coworker Max Chaplin, and four wheelbarrow men with their barrows. The weather was cold and ideal for walking. Our objective was a large city called Luchowfu, sixty miles or three days' trip to the south. We were probably the first foreigners to cross this territory for twenty-five years. The country is rich and until recently has been overrun with bandits. This large territory has not been visited by evangelist, Standard Oil nor tobacco agents. It is virgin soil.

On reaching our first stopping place we visited the school, located in a memorial hall built to the memory of a man named Mi, a re- nowned disciple of Confucius. This hall is about 700 years old and the school has four young teachers, all graduates of mission schools.

Here is an open door with opportunity written above it.

Leaving this city we passed into a new district in which wheat has given place to rice, and cows to water buffalo. The schools are coeducational, and the women do not bind their feet. About dark we reached a big market town but none at the inns would take us in but we were finally received into the school. During the evening the principal came in and said we were welcome for the night. He said that he had no objection to the foreigner but wanted none of the Jesus Doctrine.

The next day took us through a territory which belonged to the famous Li Hung Chang family, China's leading statesman thirty years ago. When we were within two miles of Luchowfu rain began to fall and the barrow men turned into an inn and said that they (lould go no farther. Mter much persuasion they again started. We each·pulled by a rope and dragged the barrows through the rain and 956 mud until the wheels would clog and then we would stop to rest. Finally at dark we entered the north gate, tired, cold and wet. We went to the home of Mr,. A. C. Bro of the United Christian Mission and were reeeivedwith true hospitality. After living in Chinese inns for three days never has a home appeared more beautiful than that simple dwelling.

Luchowfu station consists of schools, hospitals and church, worked by sixteen foreigners and a good Chinese staff. They had been unable to work this great neglected district through which we had passed.

We were delayed several days in Luchow by rain but finally made a start despite muddy roads. We made only fifteen miles that day and had to camp at 5 P. M. as it is not safe to camp in the small villages for fear of robbers. We pulled into the largest inn, a mud house some seventy feet long with mud floor, walls, and thatch roof.

There were three doors and one window. As soon as we enter an inn the people swarm in to see the foreigner. I have had as many as fifty gather around me watching me brush my teeth. We put the barrows across one end of the long room to keep the people back, put up our cots, lighted some candles, and then washed, drank some tea and called for our supper. In the same room the Chang kuei ti (manager) gets busy at a big stove with three huge pots built in the top and a man feeding grass behind for fuel. Soon he brings in some steaming bowls, rice, fat pork, bean curd and onions, and meat balls with dough around them. We forget that others have used these chopsticks, that we are all eating out of the same bowl, that there are dogs and chickens under the table and that we have an admiring audience. We have walked fifteen miles and are hungry.

Returning to our station we opened the hospital on April 1st. Several Chinese buildings give enough room for a dispensary, oper~ ating room, men's ward, women's ward, storerooms, medicine room~, living rooms for nurses and other helpers. This will do until we can build our hospital. Best of all we have sufficient equipment and apparatus for our present need, and a few good helpers. We started out by vaccinating our boys' and girls' schools, about 300 in all aI1-d also vaccinated and inoculated all our coworkers against typhoid+- about 70 inoculations. We examined the eyes of all our boys and girls in the school, which resulted in an afternoon trachoma clinic of about 45 daily besides clinics in the morning with from 15 to 33 daily. The first two months showed a total of 2,800 patients. We also did a few operations and our evangelist preached faithfully to the patients every day, having the joy of seeing results.

The medical work is started on a small scale but we believe the foundation is good, and that the growth will be substantial. Tl}e hospital enjoys the closest cooperation with the two mission schoQ~s and with the church. Pray for us.

Indians of Mexico and Central

BY GEORGE M. McBRIDE, LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA T HE aborigines of South America and the Indians that inhabit Mexico and Central America are of the same race but they . differ widely in their modes of life, their advancement, varying largely according to the altitude of the country which they inhabit. They were subjected to the same ruthless conquest· by Spanish adventurers, the civilized upland peoples being reduced to practical serfdom wherever the Spaniard became established; the lowlanders remaining largely in a varying degree of savagery.

The missionary problem in Mexico can not be understood or solved without taking into account the Indian population. The same may be said of Guatemala and in a lesser degree of the other Central American republics, with the notable exception of Costa Rica where the pure blooded Indian survives only in very reduced numbers. In Mexico some 35% of the entire population is of full blood Indians.

Tlaxcala, one of the most densely populated states, is almost entirely Indian. In Oaxaca 90% at least of the people have no Spanish blood. Though throughout Mexico the cities are predominantly Spanish in character, one has only to leave the beaten paths of trade and travel to find the Indian everywhere. Especially in the southern part of the republic they form the great mass of the rural population.

They do not form a homogeneous ethnic or linguistic element, because they live, and have always lived, in widely separated com- munities. Occupying isolated valleys and mountain crests, each tribe knows little of the world beyond its own narrow confines. In Mexico there are said to be over one hundred different Indian languages spoken.

In Guatemala about 60% of the total population is of pure Indian blood, descendants largely of the highly organized pre- Columbus empire of the Quiche. These Indians, originally occupying independent communities and holding their lands in common,' have gradually been brought under the domination of a very degrading bondage, that of the contract labor system or peonage, whereby, eitll.'er because of their attachment to the soil which their families have held for centuries, or because of debts in which the wealthy land owners have been able to entangle-them, they are held as prac- tical serfs, with little political or economic freedom. Their condition has been growing worse rather than improving, particularly since the development of the country in recent years has increased the demandsfor labor and offered premiums to~the landlord who had many peons at his disposal. .I 968 The approximate number of Indians in each country is as fol- lows: Mexico …………………………….. . 5,224,500 Guatemala ………………………….. . 1,202,150 Salvador …………………………… . 234,650 Nicaragua ………………………….. . 180,000 Panama ……………………………. . 91,000 Honduras ………………………….. . 60,000 British Honduras …………………….. . 20,000 Costa Rica ………………………….. . 5,500 Total …………………………… 7,017,800 The highland Indians of Mexico and Central America are sedentary agriculturists with well established social customs, peaceable, industrious, submissive. Though unable to read or write they are equal in intelligence to the average white or mestizo and usually far superior in moral character, except where contaminated by exotic vices. They form the base of the population of the countries where they live, particularly southern Mexico and Guatemala, performing most of the manual labor and providing almost the only labor supply in both city and rural districts. In the country they often live as serfs, being bought and sold with the farms, attached to the soil so strongly that it matters little to them who owns the estate or who rules the republic, so long as they are left to till their parcels of ground unmolested. In some districts they have not yet passed under the control of landlords but live in free communities, holding their lands in common and almost entirely independent of the race that has conquered their country. In the cities they work either for a wage or, more generally under the orders of the {inca owner to whose estate they belong. They have no voice in the government and no social recognition, being generally little above the status of chattels in the rights and privileges that they enjoy.

Few of these highland Indians possess even the most rudimentary education and, though nominally Catholic and often even fanatical in their adherence to the Church, they are Christian only on the surface, their whole daily life being influenced far more by the pagan beliefs and superstitions that they have preserved unchanged from time immemorial. Yet these highland Indians are Mexico's hope. Upon them depends, in very large measure, the future of the nation. .

The lowland Indians are generally savages. Their native culture is of the crudest and is still almost entirely unaffected by contact with civilization. Swallowed up in their great tropical forests, they are as pagan and uncivilized .as the inhabitants of Central Africa, the aborigines of Australia, or the wild tribes of New Guinea.

Though during the Spanish colonial period many Catholic missions were established among the Indians of Mexico and Central

America, 'a great degree of paganism survives. The highland Indians are nearly all nominally Roman Catholics but, as in other parts of Latin-America, there is only a thin varnish of Christianity over an underlying character of distinctly pagan nature. In the lowlands even this Christian veneer is often lacking. The missions established there have long been in ruins, the fields and roads overgrown, their buildings reduced to mouldering walls.

Evangelical agencies have thus far accomplished little for the Indians of Mexico and Central America. Though there are Protestant missions in almost all the large cities, the work undertaken has been limited almost entirely to the Spanish-speaking elements. Had as much effort been spent in giving the Gospel to the pure Indian population there would probably have been less opposition offered by those not in sympathy with work in Catholic countries. At any rate the Indian problem, recognized by leaders in Latin-American affairs as one of the gravest that face these republics, could have shown at least a beginning toward solution.

In Mexico the Indian population as a distinct element, has received almost no consideration. No schools, no churches, no missions have been established for them, though, as we have seen, they require separate institutions and though they form such a large proportion of the population. In Central America the same situation exists with the exception of recent attempts to reach some Indian tribes in Guatemala. These attempts, however, have been sporadic and have 'not resulted in the establishment of permanent centers which would both evangelize and educate the Indian.

Work undertaken among the Indians of these countries should be directed both toward the evangelization ,and the uplift of the people. It should carry the Gospel to them and at the same time extend to them every help possible toward ameliorating their physical, intellectual and moral condition. In all probability it will not be many years before these Indians will be brought into far fuller contact with modern civilization. Some of them have already been reached by traders, mining men, and others who are developing the resources of tropical lands. The Indians must be pFepared to meet these new conditions. To convert them to Christianity and leave them defenseless and unprepared for the inevitable contact with modern life would be little less than criminal. Hence it is not enough to send itinerant evangelists among them. Permanent stations must be established wherever the population is sufficiently sedentary or can be made so. Medical aid must be carried to them for they generally suffer greatly from preventable diseases, and their death rate, especially among children, is very high. Elementary education must also accompany all efforts toward evangelization. Industrial training, particularly agricultural, should be given. For both the sedentary agricultural tribes who inhabit the uplands and the savage tribes of the lowlands such uplift agencies are necessary.

'BEST

– EDITED BY MRS. E. C. CRONK, 721 MUHLENBURG BLDG., PHILADEI,PHIA, PA.

CONVERTING LIABILITIES INTO with the Medical Mission Auxiliary of ASSETS the Church Missionary Society.

One of the loveliest personalities at Invalids throughout Great Britain the Church Missionary Society Sum- are invited to join this fellowship.

mer School at Oxford, England, dur- Cards of membership with suggestions for daily prayer are furnished to all ing the past summer was a young applicants.

woman who had come a long distance When invalids who have comfortto attend the se~sions. The seat that able homes and loving care begin to she occupied was a wheel chair. learn of the conditions which sur- Now wheel chairs and helpless limbs round other invalids, in non-Christian are usually listed as liabilities, but this lands, their hearts are inevitably young woman had discovered how to stirred in sympathy. Three possibili- convert them into assets, through the ties for helpful service are suggested: Invalids' Fellowship of Prayer and First, the members are reminded of Service which she has organized and the tremendous power of prayer and into which she has welcomed scores of of the fact t.hat the illness which has other invalids. Ordinary vision and disqualified them for the usual type experience do not recognize the pos- of active service has also afforded sibility of such Fellowship but those them unusual opportunity for prayer.

who dwell in wheel chairs have long The seoond call is for hand service hours for quiet thought. They can from those who can give it, in making not be drawn into the busy rush of supplies that are in constant demand our modern madding crowd. Dur- in missionary hospitals.

ing her own long hours of waiting, The third call is for extending mis- this young woman learned to employ sionary information. Usually invalids her time in prayer and service. Her have many callers who will listen thoughts turned to thll hundreds of eagerly to the stories of medical mis- other invalids who might join in such sions as told or read to them during a a fellowship. Their forced inactivity call. Literature from the Medical in usual channels suggested possibili- Missions Auxiliary is furnished to all ties of service in channels that were members of the Fellowship. The sugunusual. Most of the busy workers gestion is made that if a contribution she knew were always pressed for box occupies a convenient place near time, yet there must be hundreds of the bedside or chair, gifts of callers . invalids who had time hanging wea- will probably be added to the thank- rily on their hands. In every parish offerings that are placed there by the she was sure there must be a number Fellowship member. There are no of people who were shut out by phys- entrance fees, nor required dues, nor ical weakness from the usual aetivi- subscriptions to the organization. ties, and she longed to help to lead Many individuals who have chafed them into the way of prayer and serv- against the impassable barriers which ice which she had discovered for her- have shut them out from their accusself. As a result of this longing she tomed activities are rejoicing in this organized the Fellowship connected fellowship of prayer and service.

4 961

MAKING llISTORY WlllLE WE do not permit their students to ap- CELEBRATE IT pear on the street or in street cars in It is possible to hold missionary their uni.forms, taxies 'were provided anniversaries and celebrations with for the nurses. our eyes fixed only on the past. A greater possibility is to celebrate, in Third: The ehoir was composed entirely of medical students.

the phraseology of a speaker at are,' Fourth: Special invitations wele cent meeting, with "Hats off to the sent to deaconesses in service and in past and coats off to the future. " We training. About forty deaconesses have no right to a backward look of were in the processional. .

congratulation, unless we follow it Fifth: Students of various-eolleges with a forward look of expectation. and institutions in and near the city There is little true respect in the were invited to attend.

lifting of our hats to the past unless, Sixth: The national student secrewe try to be worthy of that past by tary and several territorial secretaries taking off our coats to the future. As were present in order to make the we plan for the celebration of history most of the opportunity for contacts we should plan also for the making with the students in attendance and of history. to arrange for interviews with those A recent celehration planned by the who desired them. In addition to the Lutheran Woman's League of Phil- two pioneer medieal missionaries, the adelphia combined many best meth- list of speakers included a young docods. The occasion was the presenta- tor who was sailing for India within tion of a tablet to be placed in the forly-eight hours, to carryon the Woman's Medical College in recogni- work they had begun, and a student tion of two scholarships donated by in her second year in medical college the League for the use of prospective on one of the League seholarships. medical missionaries, as a tribute to One of the hymns sung was "The the pioneer medical missionaries, Dr. Crusade of Compassion Hymn" Anna S. Kugler and Dr. Lydia Woer- printed on slips and plaeed in the ner. The committee in charge was pews to be taken home as a souvenir confident that the pioneer women who of the evening. helped to send out these first missionaries forty years ago would be suffi- Seventh: The program was eareciently interested to attend the meet- fully timed and held within a limit ing, but was concerned about enlisting of an hour and fifteen minutes. the young people 'who must carryon the work. Some of the methods em- Eighth: An informal reception was ployed may be suggestive to others held following the program which who plan similar celebrations. gave an opportunity for the guests to linger for introductions and greet- First: There was good newspaper ings. publicity which attracted general at- Thus in the same meeting, history tention, together with printed invita- was eelebrated and history was made. tions and announcements sent to each The records of the secretaries show church in the Philadelphia area. the names of a number of students who are setting their faces to carrying Second: Special invitations were is- on the work. sued to graduate and student nurses of various institutions. Fifty student nurses were invited to march in the BROTHERHOOD SCHOLARSHIPS processional and assist later in serv- At a meeting of the Intercollegiate ing refreshments. In their immacu- Cosmopolitan Club held in Interna- late uniforms with white caps, and tional House, New York, more than gray capes lined with red, they helped ] ,000 students, chiefly from foreign greatly in making the occasion a suc- lands, were in attendance. The roll cess. As hospitals and training schools call was made, not by individuals but

BEST MEITHODS

by nations and students of sixty- 4. This first effort may stimulate seven nationalities responded. others to provide Brotherhood Schol- In the Foreign Missionary, Mary arships, either by other Japanese or- E. Gerhart reports a far-reaching ganizations or by other nationalities.

plan which is being developed by the Japanese students who live in Inter. TBANS.CONTINENTAL CHOBUS national House. On April 24, 1926, a chorus "In accordance with the motto and the spirit of the House, the Japanese of about 50,000 Baptist boys and are going to raise funds to provide a girls in a chain of rallies stretching 'Brotherhood Scholarship,' so as to across the continent w:ill repeat at the enable an American student to do re- same hour the same passage of Scripsearch work for a year or so in Japan. ture, sing the same song and recite They hope to raise at least $1,500.00 the same verses of poetry.

for this purpose, starting the fund by Every year, the members of the gifts from students, and hoping for Children's World Crusade prepare aid from the Japanese business houses memory work for "World Crusade of New York City. The students say Day." The poem chosen this year is that as they have not so much money the introduction to the Junior text- to give, they will contribute time, book, "Brave Adventurers": energy, and enthusiasm, and hope THE VOICE THAT CALLS thus to rouse interest and get assist- By Laura Scherer Copenhaver ance from wealthy Japanese who will be able to make the plan successful." Brave youths, what voice is this. that calls One of the stildents residing in ·the you far To lands unknown, to dangers known too House, states four valuable results well, which may be expected to come from 'rhat lures you from the quiet ways'of home, this plan if it can be carried out: T·o crowded streets and homeless w,mdering'

1. An American of potential in- What flag is this you bear aloft, unfurled, fluence will have come to understand 'fhrough mountain pass and flood' and flame Japan from a human perspective. Only by living in Japan can the West- and death' erner really understand Japanese art, culture, social conditions, family life, The Voice that calls~ It is the Voice of inner thoughts and feelings, hopes Christ!

'l'he flag we bear ~ It is the Flag of Ohrist! The Love that leads' It is the Love of Christ!

and ambitions. For Christ hath sent us into all the world 2. Since the opening of our doors That men may find in Him eternal life.

to Western countries, we Japanese In advance of the meeting preparahave been receiving much of Western tions are made by memorizing the material progress from other lands, passage of Scriptnre, the hymn and especially from the United States of the poem, and the boys and girls are America. The time should come when quick to catch the significance of these we Japanese should also give to rallies and to visualize the gathering others, and contribute toward the supreme cause of mankind. As ambi- of other boys and girls in other places tious young students let us be daring across the continent. As they learn enough to turn the incoming tide to their assigned Scripture passage and one that is outgoing from Japan. hymn and poem, even though their own local group is a small one, they 3. If the students contribute from are stirred by the thought that thou- their own means toward. tllis Fund, it sands of other boys and girls are will have a piilychological value, in stUdying with them, and when they that it will give them· the conscious- recite they feel that their voices are ness of having made. personal efforts helping to swell a great continental for the advancement of an interna- chorus st1"etching from the Atlantic tional cause. to the Pacific.

The thought of being with one ac- own representatives on the mission cord in one place is not limited by field. The student body reads the geographical interpretation. paper pretty thoroughly and so keeps an interest in this work. CAMPUS MISSIONARY METHODS "Dickinson in China is an organi- In the October Student Volunteer zation which considers every student Movement Bulletin, Corilla Broadnax a member. 'rhe student body eaw gives the college missionary aim :as year raises enough money to support fourfold: an alumnus and his wife who are teaching in West China Union Uni- 1. Individual lives that will reflect the versity. This is about the most wholemind of Christ, giving constant evidence of some and far-reaching piece of work loyalty to His principles and adherence to on the campus. It makes the rela- His law of love in mental attitudes and per- tionship of almost every student to sonal relationships. the other side of the world very con- c-"rOe:;t'e;-.-t""'h-e"~w-a-:ll opp~site the ~xit from 2. A respect for <lnd appreciative understanding of other races and their cultures. the library the college librarian has a fine bulletin board which she keeps in 3. A knowledge of existing needs in other a most delightful way. Our repre- COUlltries anrl of the agencies making an sentatives in China are constantly effort to meet them. sending all sorts of pictures, clip- pings, little trinkets, such as Chinese 4. Sufficient reeognition on the part of wedding invitations, diagrams, maps Christian students of the opportunities and and what not which the librarian obligations still to be met to lead them into takes some pains to display." some kind of active participation in Christ's world-wide program. Emporia made a record in real mission study this year. The report The methods reported as employed from there is as follows: "We take in various colleges are full of sugges- up one country at a time some four, tion: five or six weeks-some for less-mak- ing an intensive study of each coun- " Oberlin College, Ohio, reports try from the standpoint of geography, good curriculum courses, one on Im- sociology, politics, history, economics, migration and Race and the other a religion, and of course the national Review of Modern Missions." leaders. Advertisement is through bulletin board and chapel announce- From Mt. Holyoke College comes ment but mainly through personal inthe following fine outline: vitation. The class numbering thirty to forty meets at 9: 30 Sunday morn- 1. International Current Events under the ing and has proved a most effective auspices of the Stllilent Fill·um. method of Christian world educa- 2. A discussion group on conditions in tion. " the Orient-International Relations Club_ Cornell University has given par- 3. A presentation of foreign student ticular attention to the foreign stuviewpoints-Cosmopolitan Club. dent question. A Christmas reception was given by the Christian Associa- 4. Chapel speakers including returned tion for students from other lands; missionaries, nationals from other countries, the forum and open national nights professional and business men who have wcre held under the auspices of the worked in foreign lands. Cosmopolitan Club; and an interna- tional student dinner helped those 5. An Oriental b'tzaar-World Fellowship who attended to get better acquainted. Committee. Student volunteer groups often 6. Two study classes–( 1) Comparative Religions; (2) China. wonder how to let students know Qf 7. Financial gifts-Yo W. C. A., Budget and Community Chest. To Student Friend- ship Fund, Madras College for Women, Girls' School at Madrid, Near East Relief, Fatherless Children of Greece.

8. Actual sharing in mission work. A member of junior class sent by the Y. W. C. A. to wOl'k with the Gronfell Association in Labrador during the summer.

Dickinson College sends these suggestions. "Our college paper is ready and willing to print material dealing with Christian world fellowship. Much that we publish is about our

19251 BEST METHODS

the Movement without unduly adver- Library next fall thereby making it tising themselves. Here's a sugges- a source of information for each tion from Illinois College. "A regular Volunteer and for all others who conmeeting of the Y. W. C. A. con- sider foreign missions as a possible ducted by Student Volunteers aroused field for their life work. It requires m.uch interest and ga ve those present only a small sum of money from you, an idea of the history, accomplish- and yet it means a great deal for the ments and purposes of the Student student volunteer group and its work Volunteer Movement." for the coming year."

What people see often makes far HOW TO USE "THE REVIEW" more impression on them than what they hear. The Michigan Union has After we have read THE REVIEW taken advantage of this fact and has we are not through using it. organized a poster circle, the various colleges of the union preparing post- Weare then only ready to begin to ers which are passed around in regu- use it. Here are some suggestions of lar order. There is a real chance for what may be done with a single numeducation through this medium. Why ber-that for October which deals not look up some of your college with Latin America. artists and see what thcy can produce in the interests of missions? FOR MINISTERS AND SPEAKERS. From the editorials and various ar- Stereopti~on pictures and a movie ticles, ministers and other speakers of Medical Missions in China proved may get many facts and illustrations very effective at Jamestown College, for sermons and addresses.

North Dakota-another case of edu- Current Event Clubs or a current cation through the eye rather than event chairman of clubs and mission- ary societies may note items of interthe ear. If an interesting lecture were est for use in reports and discussion given with the picture their value groups. would be twofold. The article on "Latin Democra- From Maryville, Tennessee, comes a cies" by Webster Browning, F.R.G.S., valuable hint in regard to reading. will be of especial interest to many A Tennessee Council member sent out club members. a letter to the volunteers in her college this summer telling of books that MAPS. The one full page map and she had heard recommended at the the four smaller ones may be pasted Blue Ridge Conference. She asked on stiff cardboard and passed around all to share in a scheme whereby sev- in classes and meetings. eral individuals should invest in a book which by circulation could bene- FOR CHART MAKERS. A striking fit many. To quote from the letter: chart may be made from the Latin "This will not only mean a more up- American pictures in this issue, using to-date student volunteer library, but the door on the cover page as an inalso a wider knowledge regarding troduction. foreign missions for each one of us. The plan as worked out is this: the "Historical Data on Latin Amerlocal student volunteer group has ir.a," page 775, may be copied on a been divided into groups of four. large wall chart and made available Each member is asked to buy a book for various classes, organizations or which after being read is sent on to exhibits. a member who is next on the list contained in the respective books. Thus From the table of statistics on page each student volunteer is enabled to 746 select a few striking facts for a read four books during the summer. chart: All the books so acquired should be turned into the Student Volunteer At work in Mexico, Central America and South America 40 PRO'l'ESTANT SOCIETIES With 2,243 missionaries Facts and figures for another chart, or Ileveral charts, may be gathered

from Latin American Statistics (page wait for his turn to come around 758). The interesting ifiguresand again, or surrender his slip to an- comparisons (page 759) fUlrnish suf- other player, if there are more play- ficient material for a <half dozen ers than capitals. Slips with the type charts. of governments, as listed, may be dis- Another way of making the com- tributed and placed in a similar way.

parisons is to prepare blocks of wood, The fact that seventeen of the twenty- of sizes indicated, and'stand them on one 'countries named are republics top of each other; or lengths of rib- makes this feature more simple than bons may be hung up, marked with the placing of capitals.

the figures; or drawings :inay be made Instead of using a chart, each playon cardboard. er may be given a sheet of paper on DRAMATIZATION, A young man in which names of the COUntries are Japanese costume may give as a mono- typewritten, with a list of the capitals logue in Sunday-school, or at a Broth- and the forms of government, and erhood, or some other meeting, the asked to write after each country the words of Mr. Kobayshi on pages 161- capital and the form of government 162. which belongs to it. rrwelve girls in ordinary dress or in robes of white, or different colors, Number the five paragraphs in each carrying a shield or a banner on "Some Peculiarities of South Amerwhich is printed the name of the ica" (page 797), in order. Cut into country she represents, may present five strips and paste each strip on a the "Characteristics of South Amer- separate card. Give the cards to five ican Countries," page 754. Each members of a Sunday-school class, speaker holds her shield or banner young people's society, or any other aloft as she speaks the two or three organization and have them read in sentences descriptive of her country. order.

The Facts as to Mexico and Cen- Select sixteen boys or girls from tral America, page 776, may be pre- your Sunday-school. Give to each of sented in a similar way or maybe them one of the "Quotable Items given to various members to read About South America," page 753. aloud. The items should be cut apart and each pasted on a separate card. Dur- Four young women or young men ing the assembly period call on the may impersonat'3 the Social Idealist, boys and girls to quote their quotable the Christian Agnostic, the Ohristian item. These slips may be used in a Traditionalist and the Christian Mys- similar way in a missionary society tic as set forth in the article, "Four or a mission study class. Types of Intellectuals," pages 769- SPECIAL DELIVERY SERVICE. ' , A 775. r..etter from Dr. Grenfell. of Labra- A GAME OF CAPITALS AND GOVERN- dol'," (page 795), may be slightly abridged and copied on a sheet of MENTS FOR THE RECREATIONAL PERIOD. stationery and brought in by a spe- Prepare a large sheet of cardboard cial delivery messenger to the presidwith the names of Latin American ing .officer of the young people'8 countries printed on it in the order meeting to be read aloud by some one given in table on page 788, "Some Latin American Statistics." Give to each member of the group a slip on who is already familiar with it.

which is printed one name listed as PASSING AI,ONG BEST METHODS.

a capital Qr chief city. Players go <The Best Methods suggested on pages f0rward in turn and plaee the name 799-806 may be passed along to vaI'i~ of their city opposite the country of ous individuals and committees in which it is the capital. If it is cor- your church who can put them into rectly placed, 'the directl)r pastes it operation. It is not too early to begin fast. If it is incorrectly placed the planning for next year's Daily Vaca- playe'r must go back to his place and tion Bible School, and the experience

BEST ME'THODS

of the school at Bernardsville may be THE MISSIONARY LIBRARY. Do not helpful to various other leaders. lay your magazine aside without Make note of the closing feature of glancing through the book reviews in the Blue Ridge Conference and pass the Missionary Library and making it on to some other conference leader. the best possible use of them. Pos- Suggest to your Sunday School sibly some of the books should. be Teachers' Association and to your added to the church library. Others pastor the possibility of ' ,Linking may be called to the attention of in- More Closely the Missionary Program dividuals.

of the School with That of the THE ADVERTISEMENTS. It is worth Church." your while to glance at the advertise- ments which are given place in THE As you get help from the various REVIEW. Possibly you may know methods that have been tried and re- some one who will be interested in ported by other churches, think of the Missionary Education Tours adyour own responsibility in sharing vertised by the Missionary Education with others the methods you have Movement. Thousands of church found successful in your work and members are visiting countries in send them in to the Editor of the which their churches have mission Best Methods Department. If you stations, every year, and are coming know of other workers who have suc- back without seeing anything of the cessful methods, give their names work of their church. You may be and addresses to the Editor. able to call their attention to tours with the advantage of missionary A TRIP TO MONTEVIDEO. A group leadership. of girls or women could have a very successful hour 01' evening by using Various Boards are advertising Mrs. Fleming's "Under the Southern their needs. A recent magazine con- Cross" of the Women's Foreign Mis- tained a form of bequest for THE sion Bulletin, as a guide for the trip. MISSIONARY REVIEW OF TflE WORLD. To begin with, a placard might be If every reader gave a little time to displayed showing that the date is February 24, 1925 and that the S. S. thinking of some one who might make Southern Cross is setting sail. Vari- such a bequest and to calling attenous individuals may be appointed to present some feature of the trip, tion to this opportunity, the future stepping forward at intervals to dis- of the REVIEW might .be assured.

play some placard to show the loca- THE REVIEW AS A CHRISTMAS PRES- tion of the party, to give items of ENT. If every reader of the REVIEw information along the way and then gave a year's SUbscription of the turning the party over to another REVIEW as a Christmas present to guide. For instance, one might tell some one else, the problems of the of "The Night of the Open Heart," circulation department would be set- and another may introduce the inter- tled. If every reader felt a personal esting women in the group of intel- responsibility for introducing the lectuals. Yet another may display a REVIEW to one of his friends, picture of the" Christ of the' Andes, " who might subscribe for himself, or and so on to the journey's end. herself, it would not be necessary to FROM THE "HOME MISSION BUL- have a circulation manager. If at LETIN." As a special feature of a every conference or convention lead- missionary meeting, four girls may ers presented the importance and the present Porto Rico, Cuba, Haiti and helpfulness of the REVIEW and ar- Santo Domingo, selecting the most rangements were made to receive sub- interesting items of the "West In- scriptions, our efficiency in mission- dies" from the Woman's Home Mis- ary education would go forward with sion Bulletin. a mighty advance.

Woman's Foreign MIssion

EDITED BY MISS ELLA D. MACLAURIN, 25 MADISON AVENUE, NEW YORK CITY THE YEAR'S PROGRESS IN CHRIS- Committee for the Christian L,itera- TIAN LITERATURE ture Society of Japan, to aid in re- By ALICE M. KYLE habilitating its plant, destroyed in the The Committee on Christian Litera- earthquake of September, 1923. The ture for Women and Children in Mis- "Day of Prayer" offerings for 1924 sion Fields welcomes an opportunity to tell of some of the year's accom- were to be devoted to this purpoae. plishments. In acknowledging the second remit- tance of five hundred dollars, Miss Amy Bosanquet writes in March, A Labor of Love 1925: "The Whole Christian L,itera- Happy Childhood has celebrated its ture Society of Japan wishes to thank 10th birthday this year and was a you very heartily for the fine donaguest of honor at the anniversary tion from the women of the Federadinner of the Central Committee on tion of Woman's Boards of Foreign the United 'Study of Foreign Missions :Missions of North America. The in Washington, D. C., last January. ~ew Testament volume of Dr. Hurl- This small magazine numbers among but's, 'Story of the Bible,' with its readers thousands of Chinese chil- many illustrations, came out before dren to whom its monthly visits bring Christmas; also ' Flower Petals, ' the only bit of bright, attractive Bible and other stories for little chil- Christian reading known to their cir- dren, also illustrated. cumscribed little lives. Mrs. Donald MacGillivray, its first and only "I am sending you copies and am editor, before leaving for her fur- sure you will marvel as we do ourlough year in Canada, completed a selves that such work can be done in labor of love in the translation and Tokyo, so soon after the devastation publication of the "Life of Christ" of the earthquake. The colored picin four small volumes prepared for tures were all reproduced here. Both these books owe much to the help of children and unlettered women who your committee. are "slow at learning and dismayed at the sight of big books." While in "Shokashi, the children's paper, is this country, Mrs. MacGillivray was becoming more and more popular and charmed with Mrs. Peabody's we are now printing 10,000 copies monthly. Ai no Hi7cari (Light of "Prayers for Little Children" and Love) is read not only by coolies and received permission to translate them fisher folk, but by all kinds of people. into Chinese, with such adaptations It is used in a good many hospitals. " as are desirable, for the prayer-life of The Committee grants $300 annually Chinese children, even in Christian for this paper.

homes, like so many in our own coun- " The Japanese spend a great deal try is barren. The funds have been more money on books now than they generously provided for this transla- used to do, though they have always tion and also one in 'ramil from the been great readers. Some of the royalty on the English edition. Christians are very enthusiastic about Japan's Response making known good books among their friends. The only difficulty is As was stated in these columns a that we cannot supply them fast year ago, an emergency grant was enough or in sufficient variety for all voted by our Christian Literature needs.

968 "The Christian Literature Society of the "Mother" Treasure Chest, yet here in Japan is developing fast. diversified in appearance and traits Plans of reorganization are now on of character as children will be, but foot which will give us a splendid all filling a real need in the language ccntre and selling department in the areas where they are published.

best street in Tokyo, which will be The Marathi Treasure Chest, or an immen:se asset." Balbodhmewa, has just received the From a personal letter written last hearty approval of the Marathi Litspring we quote the following: erature Committee of the Christian "While in Tokyo I was taken to see Council. It is ably edited by Miss the 'Ten Commandments.' It seems Emily R. Bissell of Bombay. Its to me this fUm cannot fail to be in- readers represent 13 different destructive here ·in Japan. The Chris- nominations in the Marathi-speaking tian Literature Society has put out a leaflet on the 'Ten Commandments,' area, and it goes into more than 1,000 to enable those who see the picture to homes. Its appeal is to the younger understand it better. This ought to help and it is certainly doing a help- children who cannot read English and ful bit of work to get it ont now when who need simple stories and teachings. the picture is running at three centers We are told of a magazine for chilin this part of Japan." dren in India with 4,000 subscribers, whose editor is an agnostic and who It is in such ways as these that our has no thought of God in all his mes- Committee with your support is sages for these children. We feel the standing behind the Christian Litera- striking contrast as we read of Miss Bissell's lovely ideals. ture Society of Japan and to the limit of its modest ability helping on Miss Bissell writes, "Our Marathi- speaking children need stories more these vastly needed enterprises. than anything else in the line of read- The "Treasure Chest" and It. Chlldren ing. I try to make my stories Indian and Marathi in the atmosphere they The development of the Treasure carry and I strive even harder to Chest, our magazine for boys and create by these stories a desire for girls has been the outstanding feature better living and an acquaintance with of our work in India during 1925. our Lord's ideals and teaching." The The English edition is going forward annual cost of producing these ver- and is winning many hearts. An nacular editions is $500 each. Miss article written by the editor of this Ruth E. Robinson, the valued and de- magazine on the "Life of Women in voted editor and projector of the the Islamic World" will be reprinted Treasure Chest, writes: "The work as a chapter of the book which Dr. is an extraordinary delight and its John R. Mott is editing, "The Moslem own very satisfying reward, but it is World of Today." gratifying to know that it is con- The subscription price of The stantly calling forth an appreciative Treasure Chest is three rupees (one response from others."

Gollar) but this is prohibitive in many Miss Robinson's too onerous duties Indian homes and a larger fund for ha.ve been lightened the past year by free distribution is very much needed. the arrival of Miss Frances Garden, Weare happy to state that three who is now Assistant Editor. Both vernacular editions are now estab- these workers are supported by the lished and gaining in favor: The Woman '8 Foreign Missionary Society Urdu which increased in its first year of the Methodist Episcopal Church.

from 100 to 500 subscriptions, the The Mission Boards are increas- Tamil, a very attractive and welcome ingly generous in their gifts to this visitor in many 'ramil homes, edited branch of the work of the Federation by Miss Gertrude Chandler of Madras, of Women's Foreign Boards. In- and the Marathi, replicas in a sense dividual friends and interdenomina-

tional groups like the National Board The program :Eor this year has al- of the Young Women's Christian As- ready been prepared by a joint com- sociation and the Central Committee mittee of the Federation and the on the United Study of Foreign Mis- Council. The theme is sions include it in their budget, yet at this writing we lack .$2,500 of our "IN EVERYTHING BY PRAYER"

needed $7,000 :Eoi-:I925 and failure to The committee decided that as this receive this SUIlt' before January 1st year is to be signalized by the study would spell disaster for all this sig- of prayer as a force in the Mission nificant and fundamental work. Enterprise, the attempt should be The need of Christian literature is made to have the day really devoted the need of springs of water in a dry to prayer; that we should come toand thirsty land. The accomplish- gether for thanksgiving, communion ments of which we have written are and intercession and that instruction but the slow drops ofa tiny rivulet and inspiration furnished through making its way over rocks and addresses should be minimized. through obstacles of ,every kind. Definite periods are assigned for Who will pray for the abundant thanksgiving and for meditation. ' The showers of interest and money which prayers are made very definite. Reshall make this wilderness of deprived sponsive readings are provided in and shut-in lives blossom as the rose T which God's great promises are re- cited. Intercessions for great causes THE UNION CHRISTIAN COLLEGES are stressed. Songs are interspersed. By FLORENCE TYLER It is suggested that the offering on the There is great need of a sustained Day, as in former years, be devoted to interest in the seven Union Christian causes that belong to all denomina- Colleges for women in the Orient at tions. In the home field the offering this time. The Chinese students in will go toward the work among farm these colleges have maintained their and cannery migrants; in the foreign loyalty to the colleges and to the cause field for Women's Union Christian of Christ. Colleges and Christian L,iterature for Letters from the colleges show great women and children.

enthusiasm with indications that this It is hoped that each individual will will be the best year in their history. have gathered her ofi'el'ing before- More American colleges are join- hand, and will bring it to the meeting. ing the sister college group, and new friends are swelling the ranks of loyal '!'he committee feels especially supporters on this side of the globe, anxious that the CAUSES SELECTED, both home and foreign, should be the "We have built-Let us maintain. " ones chosen in each meeting, rather THE DAY OF PRAYER FOR than some local cause or causes. The MISSIONS Council and the Federation which are promoting the meeting are each re- (Feb. 19, 1926) sponsible for their causes, and are de- By RELEN B. MONTGOMERY pending on the Day of Prayer cele- The annual Day of Prayer for Mis- bration for a large part of their funds.

sions, held under the auspices of the The condition of the world in which Council of Women for Home Mis- we live certainly summons us to sions and the Federation of Woman's prayer with a great, compelling voice.

Boards of Foreign Missions of North If we can only unite the hearts of the America has become a fixed feast in Christian women of America in an the Christian year to which thousands outpouring of their souls to God we o:E women look :Eorward with eager may help mightily in these times of expectation. crisis.

Woman's Home Mission

EDITED BY MISS FLORENCE E. QUINLAN, 156 FIFTH AVE., NEW. YORK ORIENTALS AND HAWAIIANS people of all denominations. Miss By GEORGE L. CADY Daisy June Trout of the United From the report <>f the Committee of the Christian Missionary Society, writes: Home Missions Council and Council of Women for Home Missions. Dr. Cady. Chairman. Instead of selling our property, we are allowiug them to use it this year for the It will be recalled that about five upkeep of the building. They are meeting years ago attention was called to the all their own expell8es. It is a most interest· congested overlapping of missionary ing experiment in the cooperative field. work in "Ohinatown," San Francisco. Year by year more information Perhaps iustead of an experiment and co· was secured, more of our mission operative work, at least as far as the boards are concerned, this would be better called a Youth Movement which has run ahead of boards became conscious of the need the ability of the boards to cope with the of a change of program, and at last situation.

a committee was formed to outline May we not hope that this moveways and mt;ans of eliminating com- ment of the young people will point petition and bringing about a union the way to that larger and finer union work." We are sorry to report that which we have vainly been seeking for Jittle progress has been made, possibly years~ in part due to the fact that sufficient It was hoped that the Methodist attention has not been paid to educat- 'and Presbyterian women's boards ing the local Chinese churches as well as the boards themselves. It would would consolidate their work for be manifestly unwise to override the Chinese girls. Certain obstacles arose will of the local mission and it has which seemed to make it impossible, been thought best to wait until the but the Presbyterian women are con- Chinese themselves should see the tinuing their policy of dividing their necessity. It is significant that al- girls' work and are now building in ready they are beginning to ask why Oakland a home for girls whereby they may divide the rescue work from the union movement, which is in prog- the regular training school. In this ress in China, should not be adopted training school they are now introalso by themselves here in America.- ducing industrial work for girls, hav- A Youth Movement has broken out ing looms and sewing machines, etc., among the Chinese themselves. and they hope that they may soon The story of this is as follows: develop Chinese arts and crafts. Re- After the meeting of the boards' rep- cently the Chinese Boys' Home, resentatives the Disciples of Christ, opened by the Baptists, closed its first sensing the disgrace of the overload- year of operation in a new and im- ing and competition voluntarily portant field of service.

agreed to give up their work. We de- A new opportunity in Oriental mis- sire here to express our very great ap- sion work should be noted: the ·preciation and to record our praise of coming to San Francisco and Seattle this splendid example of self-sacrifice of large numbers of Filipinos. Thou- Jor the sake of the higher ideals. sands have come from the Hawaiian This plant-one of the best in Ohina- Islands where they were employed as town-was chosen by a group of for- plantation laborers after the extensive ward-looking Chinese young people as Filipino strike of last summer. The a place for the gathering of young Methodist Board has begun active work for them under the experienced fO; S:~i~J:,e a!~g:::'!p:922 Jssue of the REVIEW superintendent from Hawaii. The 971

Y. W. C. A. of Seattle is also doing because of the determination of some work. Some agricultural col- politicians to prepare for the fall onies of Filipinos are being estab- campaign. It is impossible to meas- lished in central California though ure the disaster this has brought to most of them are casual laborers in missionary work. In the minds of the cities. There are probably 5,000 in Japanese here and abroad, America San Francisco and the total now on stands as a Christian nation and they the Pacific Coast may be twice that are unable to understand this un- number. Christian attitude. It is well known A new field for the Protestant that meetings of protest were held in churches of America is opening up in Japan against America and American South America among the large num- missions. These were not small riots ber of Chinese and ,Japanese who are but large mass movements, and one of migrating there. On account of the the leading newspapers in Japan said, Japanese exclusion act in the United "The land of liberty, of humanity States this migration has been much and of democracy is dead." Chrisaccelerated. The Japanese in Amer- tian missions in Japan have received ica, no longer being able to own or to a blow from which they will not release land in California, are studying cover for years.

Spanish and considering the more The Hon. Cyrus E. Woods, former favorable condition in Latin America. Ambassador to Japan, declares that There are already 30,000 Japanese in the immigration act of J924, which the coffee districts of Brazil, 10,000 in repUdiated all obligations of the Genthe mines of Peru, and many thou- tlemen's Agreement, was an internasands of Chinese in Cuba and within tional disaster of the first magnitude Latin-American countries. It is the to American diplomacy, to American opinion of Dr. George W. Hinman business, to the Christian movement that as their contacts with the Ori- and to American missions in Japan. entals in the United States are more He also declares that what Congress significant than with their own coun- really wanted might have been entries, their religious interest should tirely and easily secured without the be the concern of the boards doing slightest affront to Japan's honor, work for Orientals in 'the United dignity, self-respect or international States. lIe reports that there is one prestige. This willingness to alienate mission for Chinese in Havana, one in a friendly nation is all the more Tampico, Mexico, one for Japanese in astounding in view of the fact that Sao Paula, Brazil. The work in Cuba if Japan had been put upon the same is under the Presbyterians, the Tam- percentage basis as other nations, it pico work under the Y. M. C. A., and would have meant the admission of the work for Japanese in Brazil is only 146 immigrants per year. It is carried on by Rev. M. Kohayashi and interesting to note that the Christian is financed by a Japanese business Japanese in Japan and America have man in New York. kept their heads and been the voice of The immigration bill which was wisdom in the midst of all the tur- passed denies to both Japanese and moil. His Excellency, Viscount Kiro- Chinese the same percentage basis as ura, at that time the Prime Minister that accredited to other nationalities. of the Japanese Empire, said: "The This was done in the face of remon- Government will do all in its power strances from the churches, through to prevent a popular outburst; the the Federal Council, the Home Mis- people, however, are deeply moved.

sions Council and Council of Women Their sentiment on this matter cannot for Home Missions, and in spite of the be controlled by governmental au- strenuous opposition of President thority. It is the undermining of the CAolidge and SecretarY Hughes. All feeling of friendship and goodwill on of these were discounted, however, the part of the people which will re-

WOMAN'S nOME MISSION BUL,LETIN

sult in the creation of a different situ- tianity and Americanism before the ation between the two nations. The polyglot population – an example time is passed for war and the sword of Christian love which it were well to settle questions between nations. if all the world could know. This is The time has come for conference and especially true in regard to the Japamutual consent, for reason and right nese of whom in 1924 there were to rule between nations as well as about 125,000 (66,600 of them being between individuals. Material civi- American citizens having been born lization has weakened the fine sense in Hawaii) out of a total population of justice and right in every land. of possibly 307,000. As a result, the This is the world's only hope. At Japanese Christian missions in the such times as this only the Christian island have been increasing in num- Church can awaken the Christian con- bers and interest. It is true that the science and win the nation back. I strike among the Japanese laborers in still believe that the American people the sugar cane fields two years ago will make the thing right." reduced the Japanese population, but through it all the prestige of the The churches of America must not Christian mission was unimpaired.

consider this a closed incident. Again The Hawaiian Board is carrying on a distinctive union work which is an we must assert that "nothing is set- experiment, proving to the Christian tled until it is settled right" and the missionary activities throughout the people of America must be educated world that such a union is possible. We deplore any sectarian influences to realize thlj.t injustices will always that seek to divide that work. It is provoke war in spite of Leagues of true that the Hawaiian Board has now affiliated itself definitely with the Nations, World Courts of Justice or mainland through the Congregational Disarmament Conferences. There are Church but that in no way impairs no agencies in America so well fitted its nonsectarian activities. This af- filiation, however, gives the Hawaiian for this educational program as those Islands a definite place in the Coundedicated to the gospel of the Brother- cils which heretofore had to be arhood of Man. Interracial justice and ranged by a special provision. We goodwill are imperative if we are to extend to our brethren in the Hawaihave a warless world. Weare con- ian Islands our congratulations and vinced that there are no reasons, urge upon our American Christians a economic or racial, which should deny further study of their methods and a to the Oriental nations the same quota larger interest in carrying th!s experiof percentage which is accorded to ment to a more complete success. If other civilized nations. alien races were accorded the same generous and brotherly treatment Weare glad to report that the work in Hawaii is continued unabated. throughout the world that they are in Hawaii furnishes the world with an the Hawaiian Islands, there would be experimental laboratory in right race little race problem and the hope of relations. Through long years of mis- world peace would be much stronger. sionary activity and by continual cultivation of the spirit of brotherhood among all the races there, they have been able to place Chris- Down through the spheres that chant the Name of One Who is the law of Beauty and of Light He came, and as He came the waiting Night Shook with the gladness of a Day begnn; And as He came, He said: r:rby Will Be Done On E,arth; and all His vibrant words were white And glistening with silver, and their might Was of the glory of a rising sun. -Thomas S. Jones, Jr.

FROM MANY

AFRICA Y. M. C. A.'s of North ,America and white and colored friends are making The Livingstonia Jubilee this South African program possible. A new plan, the building of a hostel THIS famous mission in East Af- for native students, will be under- rica, established in 1875 by "that taken if a recent appeal to the 32,0,00 great veteran," Rev. Robert Laws, Negro members of the American C.M.G., M.D., D.D., is seeking to eele- Y. M. C. A. for $20,000 is successful. brate the fiftieth anniversary of its An editorial in Native Opinion, a founding by raising funds for sehool paper published by Africans in King and {wllege buildings. In 1875 there ·Williams 'rown, said in part: was not a church or school, not only Max Yorgan has exhibited gifts of tact in Nyasaland, but in the whole of and organizing power, and, through earnest· Central Africa, except on the east and ness and winsome personality, has inwest coasts: In 1924 there were 15,- gratiated himself in every home, European 413 catechumens, 2,0,644 communi- and native, he has visited. His unobtrusive cants and 917 schools. Rev. Frank but substantial work has already done mnch Ashcroft writes in the Record of the to improve social conditions and to provide high motives and some guidance among the United Free Church of Scotland of future lead9rs of the Bantu races. He has the development of Livingstonia sta- indeed placed us under a heavy debt of tion: gratitude to our fellow-Christians in Amer· ica, who voluntarily made noble sacrifices to There was practically no population in the supply a missing link in the chain of misneighborhood when Dr. Laws made his choice sion work in this land. of the plateau as a center for the training of Christian natives, and many would question African Chiefs Still Waiting the wisdom of fixing on so high and so remote a spot for a great educational institu- AFTER writing to the Chureh Mistion; but the founder's faith and courage sionary Society of the successful have justified themselves, and already, in work which is going on in several new addition to the students in training, there is out-stations in the Tanganyika Terria considerable population on the plateau, tory, the Rev. R. Banks, of Kilimaand a total popUlation in the district of, tin de, continues: "I am still unable say, 30,000, of who'n 5,000 are Christians. to put a teacher at Ndabulo, 'where 'l'he bnildings are nnmerous and are in- the chief, a nominal Mohammedan, creasing year by year; the most important has been waiting for some years. It are Dr. Laws's honse and the houses of the was this man who once told the late Scottish staff, the hospital, the industrial Bishop Peel that if we had taken him blocks, and the farmstead. The church, of the Gospel before the Mohammedans stone and brick, is steadily rising. The edn· had reached the country,' he would cational block has not yet been begun, and the school work is still being carried on in an old cramped building which serves also for a church.

Negro Y. M.. C. A. in Africa have become a Christian. He is still waiting for the messenger of the MAX YERGAN, well known as a Cross. Unyanzi, an adjacent country Negro Y. M. C. A. secretary both to this, once oceupied by the C. M. S., in the United States and during the is also pressing for teachers. There 'Vorld War, has been developing As- are in adrlition fQur very definite ap- sociation work for the past four years, peals from other places. One chief his field ineluding Zululand and Ba- followed me miles not long ago in sutoland, the Transvaal, Swaziland, order to beg for a teacher, but I was the Cape of Good Hope and the unable to hold out any promise of Orange Free State. The colored help."

974 Earnest Egyptian Laymen tion, I would be willing to appear ONE of the most significant devel- before them and give them personally opments in the Synod of the Nile, some of my experiences in the Suwhich controls the work carried on in Egypt by the United Presbyterian dan. " The writer then proceeded to Church, is its "Missionary Laymen's relate numerous incidents in support of his charges.

Movement," whose General Secretary, Mitry S. Dewairy, is also a field sec- Growth of Congo Scho~ls T retary of the World '8 Sunday School HE Wembo Nyama Mission, es- tablished by the .lVI. E. Church, Association. Its aims when it was organized in 1918 were, he says, "the South, in the Belgian Congo ten years revival of the church and honesty in ago, while putting great emphasis on stewardship. In these seven years evangelism, has also done interesting forty organized churches joined the educational work. The native lan- Society and gave generously for the guage had no word for "school," so evangelizing of their countrymen in sukulu was invented. Both young Egypt and the Sudan. The Synod of and old had to begin in the ABC the Nile spends yearly more than class, including Chief Wembo Nyama $115,000, of which about $25,000 is himself. Now, day schools are in purely for the evangelistic work. The operation on the various mission sta- American Mission of the United Pres- tions with an enrollment of several byterian Church which had carried hundred. Many of the mission boys the whole burden from its foundation live in dormitories. A Bible training in 1854, gradually trained the church school is located at Wembo Nyama, in self-support. Now the American where young men are required to com- Mission gives $7,500 of the $115,000. plete a two-year course before they The Missionary Laymen's Movement are sent out as native preachers.

hopes to raise this amount, so that Other important branches of the edu- the Mission may use the money in cational work are the workmen's evangelizing our countrymen, the school in which thirty minutes in- Moslems." struction is given the. m~ssion em- ployees just before they begin their Slavery in the Sudan afternoon tasks and the afternoon MAJOR DIGGIJE, formerly a Brit- classes for women. ish Administrator in the Sudan, recently addressed to the Anti-Slav- THE NEAR EAST ery and Aborigines Protection Society Moslem Monasteries Closed N a letter which he requested the So- OT content with the abolition of the Caliphate and the expulsion ciety to place before the Slavery Commission of the League of Nations. of the Caliph, with the conversion of The first paragraph read as follows: the ministries that administered the "I went to the Sudan knowing noth- sacred law of Islam and its pious ing whatever about slavery, but hav- foundations into mere departments of ing lived there, for four years out of the Ministry of Justice, or with the seven mostly alone, and in extremely abolition of the religious schools, the close contact with the people, I could Government of Mustafa Kemal Pasha not fail to notice the appalling evi- has ordered the closing of the countdence of slavery. Since my return less monasteries of the Moslem reli- to England about a year ago, I have gious orders in the territories of the tried privately to get effective action Turkish Republic, which are described taken, but unfortunately, the official as" cen:ters of intrigue and hotbeds attitude is that very little can be done of superstition." The London Times, at present; but if the J.1eague of Na- from which the above is quoted, says: tions Slavery Commission could ap- This anti-clerical offensive is doubtless not point a small committee of investiga- inspired only by political or rationalistic

motives. Many of the dervish orders are Minister of Turkey, is a strong suprich. Pious Moslems have endowed them porter of Robert College, and has wit.h lands and revenues since Islam estab· placed his younger brother in the collished itself in Asi" Minor. On the other lege as a freshman. He was graduband, the new maRters of Turkey are sorely ated from the Preparatory School in troubled by financial difficulties. The wealth June. These twenty-five student enas much as the political 3r religions views gineers, when trained, will set about of the disturbed dervishes is as great a installing sewage systems, water and temptation to a. militantly lay government electric lighting systems and other as were the riches of the monasteries to modern conveniences in towns in the Henry VIII. interior of Turkey. During recent years the engineering staff of Robert The importance of praying for College has served as a consulting these men as possible converts to bureau, without fee. Last year two Christianity is emphasized by Blessed professors from the Engineering Be lJJgypt. School made a survey and submitted estimates and plans for providing Trolley C..rs ….d the Fez electric lighting, water supply, pav- ing the streets and disposing of sew- TWO recent news items from Tur- age in the town of Adah Bazar at key indicate the rapid moderni- the request of the mayor. zation of its people, as far at least as externals are concerned. The first "N. E. R." Aids Church U ..ity deals with the trolley cars in Constantinople. Red curtaiIlSi formerly AT a "Golden Rule dinner" held enclosed the first two rows in the trol- in New York City under the ley cars, and women were required to auspices of the Near East Relief, Rev. sit in the secluded section, called the S. Parkes Cadman, D.D., President of harem. No man except the conductor the Federal Council of Churches, was allowed on the harem side of the stated his belief that the work of that red curtain and no Moslem woman organization had "contributed enoroutside the curtain. This curtain has mously to the great cause of church been removed and Turkish women now unity." At the Stockholm Confermay sit side by side with men, but the ence in August, he said, he had "the women still have a monopoly on the privilege of conferring with all the first two rows of seats. A man may patriarchs and metropolitans and sit there if no woman is standing, but archbishops of the Greek Church. should a woman present herself the They assured me, from the Archbishman must vacate the seat. The sec- op of Alexandria to the Archbishop ond describes "the passing of the of Jerusalem and the Arehbishop of fez, " so long the distinctive headgear Mesopotamia, that they have been of Moslem men in Turkey, and the drawn toward the West, not by the adoption in its place of the European common consent of intellectual minds hat, though the change has been the or doctors of the Church, but rather occasion of much heated controversy through .the work of Near East Relief. among certain groups of Moslems. That work has won the hearts of great bishops as well as refugees and poli- Tr..ini..g Turkish E ..gi..eers ticians. Truly we have seen the truth of the saying, 'A little child shall THE Turkish Government has en- lead them.' The, Armenian orphan tered twenty-five students in Rob- who sang for us tonight is a repreert College, Constantinople, to study sentative of thousands of these Eastengineering at the expense of the Gov- ern believers, whom we have apernment. This is the first time that proached, not with dogmatic comthc Turkish Government has defrayed mands, but with those deeds which the expenses of students at either of are the very essence of true religion. " the American colleges in Constantinople, and is in line with the policy of the Young Turks to modernize their country. Ismet Pasha, Prime

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

Iraq Prince, a Beirut Student lative Assembly dared to vote against THE presence at the American Uni- it and that some of them declared versity of Beirut of students from that they were voting to protect reli- Mesopotamia in increasing numbers gion. " was referred to in the January RE- VIEW. Now word has come that His A Million at a Mela Royal Highness Emir Ghrazi, the twelve-year-old Crown Prince of Iraq THE annual report of the Wesleyan was to arrive in Beirut on October Mission in the Lucknow and Be- 5th to enter the preparatory school. nares District of India, describes one President Bayard Dodge received a of the holy places in the region, Ayodcable from His Majesty King Feisal hia, made sacred as the reputed birthof Iraq, asking that a suite of rooms place of Rama. Three or four times be reserved for Prince Ghrazi, his in the year the dreaming cit, wakes nurse and his business manager, who up. Great mela.s are held and from will attend him during the academic all over the district, or. from places as year. The Prince was to cross the far away as Madras, pilgrims come Mesopotamian desert from Bagdad to in hundreds of thousands. Even while this report was being prepared a spe- Beirut in an American-made automo- cial mela, held only once in half a bile. This newly opened automobile century, took place. Not many. were route across the desert makes it pos- expected till a day or two before. But sible to go from Bagdad to Beirut in all records were beaten, and the esti- twenty-four hours, a trip which for- mates of the number who attended merly took almost six weeks of travel vary from 700,000 to 1,500,000. In by land and sea. the crush a dozen women' were trampled to death.

INDIA, MALAYSIA AND SIAM Protecting Indian Girls . Coercion VB. Conversion T S HE failure of the Legislative As- AMBROSE, a writer in The sembly of India in its last session • Chri.~tian Patriot (Madras) to pass a bill raising the age of con- strongly and justly objects to the sent to fifteen for Indian girls was practice of some mission agencies in the occasion of deep regret to many India that offer inducements to Inprogressive Indians, as well as to the dian Christians to transfer church Christian community. Word has now membership in return for paid posicome of the passage of a bill which, tions by which a man may support while less advanced than the last, is himself and his family. Such a praca decided improvement upon the law tice is discountenanced by the mission hitherto prevailing. It must be re- boards at home and by most of the membered, in thinking of the status missions on the field.

of India's women, that this legislation applies only to British India, and Prince Prai.e~ Salvation Army T that in the native states conditions HE Maharajah of Patiala, an·im- portant native state in the Punjab, are far wou;e. The editor of The l'TIdia'TI Witness comments on this bill: recently visited the Salvation Army "Protection, to all girls below four- headquarters in Calcutta. He·was in teen will henceforth be extended European costume save for his bright against strangers, while girls below green turban. A picturesque feature the age of thirteen, if they have the of the reception was the presence of misfortune to be married, will also be the Salvation Army in native dress.

protected against their husbands. The He discussed with the leaders the surprise is not that the new law was work of the Army in India as a whole, passed but that eleven men with suf- and said that he believed that Genetal ficient education and powers of lead- Booth was one of the first men: to ership to secure election to the Legis- realize possibilities of Qrgalll.zing 5

'ritE MISS10NARY REVIEW OF Tltll: WORlJ

along the lines of military discipline seven hundred leper people who have the work of relieving suffering, and found refuge here all, with scarcely uplifting humanity. "I myself am a an exception, have become Christians. soldier," said the Maharajah. "It It is probable that some or even many has been my pride and pleasure to do not have a deep realization of what serve the King Emperor on the field the Christian life means in its fulness. of the battle in many countries and in And yet when one considers their several continents. 1 can admire and changed lives, their fidelity in Chrissympathize with the efforts of the tian service, their freedom from gross Salvation Army to attack vice, pro- sins and the heartiness and generosity mote social well·being and uplift the with which they respond to the call unfortunate. " for aid for those more needy than themselves and for the giving of the Indian Sadhu Quotes Bible Gospel to others, one is driven to the conclusion that the real Christian MRS. J. S. MacKAY, a Canadian spirit possesses their lives to a de- missionary in Nimach, Rajpu- gree. ' , The gifts of these Christian tana, tells the following incident: lepers to causes in various parts of "At a small wayside station in our the world have been mentioned more district, the other day, three sadhus than once in the REVIEW. (holy men) travelling without tickets, were, in accordance with orders re- Unique Ohurch in Singapore cently issued, put off the train. Judging by the extreme scantiness of their THE Chinese Church and Institute clothing, and the abundance of their recently dedicated in Singapore matted hair, and liberal smearing is in the heart of one of the most with ashes, they were extraordinarily congested districts in the city, and is holy (!) men. They loudly resented unique on the Malay Peninsula. It is an institutional church combining this interference with their liberty. religious and social activities within Is it not the custom for holy men to the one building, and is open to all travel free? Do they not boldly push Chinese irrespective of religious faith. themselves into railway carriages and On the ground floor there is a social assume the right to travel without hall with a reading room and other tickets? Who will risk their curses recreational facilities. The second to say them 'Nay'~ One of the eject- floor is occupied by the church for ed three was vociferous in his protest Chinese congregations, and on the against such treatment of a privileged third floor there are apartments for class. He raged up and down the the resident Chinese pastor and platform, pouring forth a torrent of others. From the roof garden that words in an unknown tongue, and surmounts the building one has a fine suddenly he ejaculated, in very good view of Singapore Harbor. Beside English, 'If God be for us, who can the building, there is a playground including a tennis court and badminbe against us?' This little incident, ton courts. The Chinese children in unimportant in itself, is just one more the vicinity of the church are using evidence that the Word of our God is the playground everyday. permeating all classes of Hindu society, and some day it will exercise its mighty, regenerating power."

OHINA Ohristian Lepers at Ohiengmai Ohblese Oollege Registration THE leper asylum conducted by CABLEGRAMS and reports re- Dr. James W. McKean of the ceived by Dr. Eric M. North at Presbyterian Board at Chiengmai, the offices of the China Union Uni- versities, 150 Fifth Avenue, New Siam, is famous for its Christian at- York City, indicate that despite the mosphere. In a recent report Dr. student agitation and strike of the McKean says: ., Of the more than

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

past summer the Christian colleges have nothing to do, so we just spend reopened for the fall term with nor- our time gambling.' One said to me, mal, and in several cases with con- after a pleasant hour's conversation, siderably increased, enrollment. Yen- 'You do not need to gamble, you have ching (Peking) University has a seen so much, and know so much registration of 550 students, which is to talk abf)ut.' If the maximum capacity of the present plant for both men's and women's A "Hot-Hearted" Christian colleges. Shantung Christian University enrolls 380, an increase of LIU GUANG TIN is a product of ninety over the preceding year. The the work being done by the Meth- University of Nanking has the highest odist Episcopal Church in the remote enrollment in the history of the insti- city of Chungking, Szechuan Provtution. Fukien Christian University ince. He has refused the tempting reports 128 students enrolled, a figure offers of commercial houses to unsomewhat less than that of last year. dertake a business career, as his fel- Canton Christian College reports a lows have done. His remark on the favorable opening; Hangchow Chris- subject translated literally was, tian College has a capacity enroll- , 'Money does not cover my heart." ment; West China Union University He is a rei shirv-" hot .heart "-in has 200 students, an increase over last the cause of the Master. And his year. The two universities reporting deeds proclaim it likewise. He is now large decreases in the number of stu- studying for the ministry in West dent enrollments are both in Shang- China Union University. He spends hai, the seat of the student strike. St. his vacations in institutional church John's College has only fifty per cent work, and in his leisure he is teaching of its normal enrollment. three boys of his native village to en- able them to enter the Chungking "Entering into Virtue Club" mission high school, the first step to- ward Christian service.

THIS is the title o:f a society which Phases of the Opium Traffic Jl.fiss Caroline Wellwood, a Canadian missionary, has been carrying on NEW developments in the sale of for over a year among wealthy women opium, as conducted by powerful in Chengtu, Szechuan Province. At combines in Shanghai, are reported in the closing meeting of the season the North China Daily News. Offices thirty-five were present. Miss Well- are being opened in the surrounding wood says: "We opened the meeting villages, with the result that there as usual with a gospel hymn and are more traders, doing better busiprayer, then came the report of the ness, than for many years past. Anyear. Nine meetings had been held other new plan is to have the opium during the year. Health talks were sale carried on as a mail order busigiven at two meetings; the boys from ness with the opium delivered at the the blind school entertained them at places of business only after dark. one meeting, revealing to them the The National Anti-Opium Association wonderful things they were being and the new Shangh.;li Association taught; the orphanage children pro- for the Combating of the Opium Evil vided one program, and drew on their are active in opposition to the traffic sympathy to the extent of twentY,odd and the Shanghai Commercial F'ederdollars as a Christmas present; the ation has planned a definite campaign other meetings were messages from which includes assisting the authorithe gospel story. These upper-class ties to arrest and convict offenders women have no helpful influences and awakening public sentiment around them, and not much of change against the evil by the distribution to brighten the passing days. Over of circulars and the delivering of and over they have said to me, 'We public addresses.

A Chinese Scholar's Prophecy the Chinese Library Association was formed. It has been proposed that I N Anhsieu, Szechwan Province, a part of the balance of the Boxer In- place with a notorious reputation, demnity Fund recently returned by the Church Missionary Society has the United States to China, be spent the largest of its churches in the in establishing libraries. province. One of the "local gentry, a scholar, prophesied a few months ago, Training Rural Workers that in twenty years' time the people would all be flocking into the Church A SCHOOL especially adapted for and that the missionaries would not the agricultural training of know how to teach them alL When eountry pastors and teachers was con- asked for his rea~on, he replied: "I ducted this pasi summer by the Col- have noticed the great change in re- lege of Agriculture and Forestry of cent years in the attitude of the com- the University of Nanking, China. A mon people to the foreigner and his large number of Chinese religious teaching. When 1 was a boy, every workers are taking the course in une said that the foreigners were bad elementary agriculture and the proj. men who must be avoided, and that their teaching was subversive of all ect method of teaching it, while good morality. But now all are say- others are studying the ways in which ing that the foreigners are good men the teacher may serve his community who wish onlv the welfare of China, and that the l10spel is good and sound outside the four walls of a school- teaching." This man has since be- rboooyms':clusbusr,vtehyes,givexintegnosifopnlaymse, tchooudns~ come a regular attendant at catechu- men classes, and has professed a wish try fairs, exhibits, demonstration t'or baptism. farms, community seed production Public Libra.ries for China and control, various forms of cooper- THE very idea of the public library ative work, community sanitation and as we know it, with its immeasure- able potentialities for good, has come hygiene. During the present aca- to China quite directly from the little mission lihrary started twenty years demic year, there are being offered a ago in what was then Boone School, of the Protestant Episcopal mission in one-year normal course for rural 'Vuchang, China, noW Boone Univer- .sity. From that library, created and teachers; a special one-year course in maintained by American friends and the Church Periodical Club, have agriculture leccotnudruescteadndindemCohnsintersae~ come the first public reading rooms, comprising with over 90,000 reader,S in a recent tions in a wide range of subjects; year,in the vicinity I)f. Wuchang, and the five-year regular course of alone; the first traveling libraries, study of the College of Agriculture the first farmers' clubs; the first li- and l<'orestry. brary training school, whose gradu- ates are distinguishing themselves in JAPAN-KOREA important positions; and now the vision, at least, of public libraries is Value of Tracts in Japan slowly coming into view. An expert in the library field, Dr. A. E. Bost- AT the annual meeting of the Reli- wick, has been spending some time in gious Tract Society in London China as an official representative of Miss Henty, a Church Missionary So- the American Library Asso()iation. ciety worker in .Japan, said that that While he was in Peking in June, 1925, country offers unique opportunities for spreading. Christianity through the printed page. She cont,inued: "The Christian pamphlet given away in the train, in the omnibus, in the street, or in house to house visiting, receives more attention than it would do in England. It is almost invari- ably read and carefully kept. The ;Japanese themselves strongly believe ill the efficacy of tract distribution.

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

A young Christian employed on the Japan today: "~"or some eonsider- Kobe-Osaka trams wanted last year able time a young .Japanese Christian, to help in spreading the news of quite unknown to us, has been carry- Christ in the large industrial town in ing on social work in a large silk which he lived. He persuaded his factory in the north of Chiba prefecpastor to write a simple account of ture. Hi:;; efforts met with such a Christianity suitable for factory ready response that at the end of last workers.; with his own savings he had year 300 of the 600 employees were thousands of these pamphlets printed, regularly attending his Bible classes, and together with other Christians he and he saiel that ;JO() of them Werf) distributed them on two national wanting to be baptized. He had been holidays. That young Christian did carrying on the work independently, this entirely on his own initiative. but felt that he could do so no longer, Much work can be done by selling so towards tIle end of the year he books. " got into touch with Bishop Heaslett, and asked that the work be taken over "Better Babies" in Japan by our Church, and at the same time offered himself for training in our THIS phrase describing infant wel- Central Theological College. Not fare work is familiar in the United only so, but this young man is intro- St.ates, but. the emphasis put upon it ducing us to village centers where is new in Japan. Miss J. A. Pieters, groups of people are anxious to hear of the Reformed Church in America, about Christianity, and so is opening writes: "The infant mortality in up to us oppcrtnnities of beginning .Tapan is very great, and our own work in most unexpected places. neighborhood of Shimonoseki has a Spontaneous movements like this are very unenviable reputation. It was the most likely to spread, so we feel decided to give Ollr post-graduate stu- justified in saying- that the future for dents some training in this direction, missions in .Japan is very hopeful." and so we made the humble beginning of a 'Better Babies Contest.' Liter- Loyal to Tokyo's Shims ature was sent out, and it was announced prizes were to be given and REV. YOSI-IIlHCHI SUGIURA, the babies examined by competent founder of the " True Light physicians from the city hospitals. Church" in Tokyo, tells with simple The students of the school took down earnestness in The Spirit of Missions the history of the child, family, habits how his church members were scatof the parents, took the measurements tered by the 1923 earthquake to the and weighed the little ones. About various outskirts of Tokyo; how he one hundred babies, less than two has been holding services in a comyears of age, were thus examined, and paratively central place in an effort ten prizes given. All seemed very to keep them together; and how now much pleased, even most of the in- he sees in a recent decision of Bishop fants entering into the sport with lIotoda to open five new meeting great glee; they seemed such friendly places in outlying districts God's call little babies! Ijater a lecture was to him to give up his former church given by one of the physicians. It is members and stay at his old post interesting to have this new line of He concludes: work connected with the schooL" Under such circumstances, my only course Bible Class in a Factory to take is to persuade those members of my church who are living noW" near the new REV. E. R. HARRISON, a repre- mission houses to go to them, and I, on the sentative in Tokyo of the Aus- other hand, to concentrate all the energies tralian Protestant Episcopal Board of of my decEning age to my life's work in Missions, tells this story to show the Bonjo and Fukagawa slums and once more strong hold which Christianity has on start anew ill building of a new and second True Light Church in that dark quarter among the poor people who look to me as

their frientl "I would with greatest standard of the state of California through constant supervision and joy obey the will of the Lord, and most checking. Every child receives indus- trial training. One of the important gladly devote nly rrmR injng life to the work projects fostered by the schools is the reforestation of the island. I have been doing for marc than thirty years Filipino Mestizo Children now. THE American Guardian Associa- Flood Damage in Korea tion, an organization created in 1921 through the initiative of General A CABLEGRAM: received in Sep- Wood and supported solely by the tember by the Presbyterian 6.000 American residents of the Phil- (U. S. A.) Board of Foreign Missions ippines, has on its books the names of from its missionaries in Seoul, Korea, 4,000 half-American children in the read as follows: "River has over- islands who are the innocent result of flowed its banks, causing great dam- the American occupation. It is estiage and loss of life. All missionaries mated that there are at least 18,000 are safe. lfnch suffering; early re- sueh children needing education and lief is greatly needed. Yen 10,000. care, and an a ppeal, sponsored by Four country churches have been de- Major-General I.iConard Wood, Govstroyed near Seoul." Additional in- ernor-General, is now being made to formation received through the Japa- the American public for a fund of nese Consulate in New York indicates $2,000,000 for this purpose. General that there 1J.as been great loss of Wood calls the existence of this great property and a great deal of suffering. body of children and their present The 10,000 yen ($5,000) asked for by condition "the one black blot on the missionaries will be needed to help American prestige in the Orient." rebuild the country churches that Mrs. Kern, secretary of the committee were destroyed and to aid the suffer- for the fund, says: "With an annual ing Christians who have lost prop- expenditure ranging from $15,000 to erty. The rainy season in Korea comes more than $20,000. the Association has during the summer months and often- cared for ]32 girls and 15 boys. It times there are flooded districts. This is powerless, without assistance from year the rains have been unusually here, to care for the thousands that severe. are left… , The American-Filipino children are certainly worth saving. ISLANDS OF THE SEA They have imagination and initiative which is wholly lacking in the na- Schools in Guam tive. "

THE United States Navy supplies Religious Needs of Hawaii with governors our island possession in the mid-Pacific, Guam, and CHURCH work in Hawaii today the Presbyterian Board of National has been defined as very "largely Missions helps supply it with teach- home missionary work among foreign ers. Lieutenant Stanton W. Salis- missionary races." Fully one half bury, a chaplain in the Navy, and of the population of 284,000 are nonhead of the Department of Education Christians and the 40,000 Filipinos, in Guam, says that never before have while nominally Christian, have only the morale and interest been so high a very perfunctory relation to the among the teachers. School is popu- Catholic Church and eagerly respond lar with the children. There are to and greatly need Protestant mismore over-age pupils in school today sionary effort. Confucianism, Shinthan ever. He writes that there are toism, and Buddhism came in with twenty-three schools working under the thousands of Chinese, Japanese, the Department. The majority of the teachers are native, but nearly all the American teachers are wives or daughters of service personnel, highly qualified to fulfill their duties. The curriculum is kept up to the high

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

and Koreans, and have so flourished Church, New York City, every day that today there are more Buddhist from May Day to November 1st, temples and Shinto shrines in Hawaii Saturdays and Sundays excepted. An than there are Christian churches. attractive platform constructed in the There are also more members of the arch of the door facing the street and Mormon Church in Hawaii than in avenue, and chairs inside the iron the church of the original mission- fence, the gates of which are thrown aries, the Congregational. Most of wide open, provide the setting for the these Mormons are native Hawaiians. service. Promptly at 12: 30, the min- One of the show places in Hawaii is ister for the day, the leader of the the Mormon 'I'emple at Laie, forty service, the soloist, the trumpeter and miles from Honolulu, which cost over the pianist take their places. All the $200,000. They also have a beautiful participants wear robes. The first church building in Honolulu and few notes of the trumpet arrest the numerous meeting houses scattered stream of traffic that flows through the over the Islands. street. In a few moments a group of hundreds is listening. This grows or NORTH AMERIOA diminishes, reaching five hundred if Religious Motion Pictures the interest is deep and fading away WITH a:n initial gift of $50,000 to a half a hundred if the speaker Mr. William E. Harmon provides fails to grip or the weather is bad. for the first year's activity of the Re- At the close of each service portions ligious Motion Picture Foundation to of the Scriptures are distributed in produce and distribute religious mo- all of the languages spoken in the tion pictures. MI'. Harmon is presi- city.

dent of the Foundation and George Reid Andrews, chairman of the Edu- Day Nurseries on Ranohes A cational and Religious Drama De- HEALTH and recreation service among Oregon harvesters has partment of the Federal Council of Churchel:!, is vice-president and gen- been carried on for its second year eral manager. The board of directors by the Council of Women for Home includes Dr. S. Parkes Cadman, Dr. MissioI1s. On the ranches of Oregon, John H. Finley, Dr. Samuel McCune as in all other places where migratory Lindsay, and former Governor Carl families follow the crops, there are a E. Milliken, of Maine. If the first great many children who, as often as year's study and experiment produce not, are forced to engage in tiring satisfactory results, the corporation labor with their parents, simply bewill enlarge its program considerably cause the parents have no place to in the future. But for the first year leave them while they are at work. the Foundation will devote itself to Facing this problem, the day nurquality rather than quantity. Mr. series and playgrounds organized by Andrews announces that he expects the Council served about 500 children to produce six classes of pictures: those based on the Bible, on religious during the summer of 1924, and perbiography, on church history, on mis- formed a still more extended service sions and the cultivation of interna- in 1925. The harvesters invariably said the announcement of the day tional friendship, and two classes in- nurseries (in the establishment of tended to point a moral or adorn a which the ranch owners cooperated) tale, or, in the language of the trade, was the best news they had ever "pedagogical and inspirational." heard. On the hop ranches many of- New York's "Wayside Pulpit" fered to pay for the care of their chil- dren. The management, however, FOR the last three years an outdoor paid the entire operating expense for religious service has been con- salaries and equipment. Others on ducted by the Marble Collegiate the apple ranches said the service was

worth more to them than the dollar a interested, the plan is to build a week per child asked in payment. replica of the log chapel, the school and the Zeisberger residence on their Baptist "Lone Star Fund" original sites and to establish a mu- THIS title has been given to a joint seum which will be of great historical effort of the Baptist Foreign Mis- interest.

sion Society and Woman's Foreign Mission Society to raise $263,662. Mormon Missionary Methods S Both societies are in a critical condi-TATISTICS about Utah Mormon- ism, given at the latest convention tion. 'file work on the foreign field will have to be curtailed if this fund of that body, are emphasized by the is not raised. Consequently, irrespec- editor of Light on Mormonism as fol- tive of the general budget and entire- lows: "Note that there are nearly ly apart from it, this effort is being 1,900 Utah missionaries out to make made. The title grew out of a speech converts, and then add some 300 more by Rev. C. A. Brooks, D.D., of Engle- from the Josephite sect of Mormonism wood, Ill., at the recent convention of -total about 2,200 proselyters, going the denomination in Seattle, in which from house to house among people not he reminded his hearers of a financial trained to reply. Of course proselytes crisis in 185.3, when the Baptist Mis- can be thus obtained-averaging sionary Union considered withdraw- three to five per man. Read over the ing from its one station in Southern ten mission districts on this continent, India, and a poem, "Shine On, Lone outside of Utah, each with its head- Star," by the author of "My Coun- quarters office and full organization, try, 'Tis of Thee" stirred the church and over ] ,000 'elders' doing their and saved the mission. There are to- work-mostly in the U. S.; note the day 84,000 Christians in that South 64,189 members enrolled, and over India field. $1,000,000' worth of mission property.

Then note the fifteen foreign and is- Ohio's First Indian Church land missions, with 779 more 'mis- Sc HOE N B RUN N (Beautiful sionaries' at work, and 53,151 more Spring), the first town in Ohio to members-not converted from heahave a Christian church for Indians, thenism, for Mormonism seldom if is to be rebuilt. The site is near New ever goes to such; but proselyted Philadelphia. Ohio, and the state from other and true faiths, in most legislature has twice appropriated cases. "

money for excavations of the town which was settled by David Zeisber- Japanese in Western Nebraska D ger, the famous Moravian missionary URING the development of the beet sugar industry in Nebraska to the Indians in 1772. The Indians were taught the Gospel and they a few years ago, many Japanese were learned to work, so that they became employed in the fields, mostly by con- civilized and prosperous. They adopt- tract labor. The more thrifty of ed laws prohibiting intoxicating these laborers eagerly availed them- liquor, warfare, sabbath work, dances selves of the opportunity to become and heathen festivities, polygamy and renters of irrigated land. Right Rev.

social vices. Then later, when discon- George A. Beecher, D.D., Protestant tent and rebellion broke out among Episcopal Bishop of Western Nebras- the unsympathetic Indians in 1777, ka, states that the present Japanese Zeisberger decided to pull down the population is about six hundred, church and desert the town. It was ninety per cent of whom are Budd- buried and lost sight of but has now hists. Five years ago, he says, he been uncovered and many relics of met a young Japanese, Mr. H. Kano, interest have been found. If suffi- who was a graduate of the Imperial cient funds are received from churches University of Japan, and a post-

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

graduate of the University ofNe- who live in the far northern regions braska in the Department !of Agri- of Canada, forbidding murder and culture. He had been converted from the taking of the law into their own Buddhism to Ohristianity through hands by killing the murderer. The one of the American missionaries in editor of The Bible in the World com- Japan, and was an earnest Ohristian. ments: "'l'here are many interesting Mr. Kano is now acting as official lay points in this document. It is printed worker in this region. He makes reg- in English and Cree, the native lanular visits in each home, and gives guage. 'rhis implies that there are the men training in scientific farming readers. Who taught them? Misand animal husbandry. He also as- sionaries. The curious script is not sembles the people in neighborhood of native origin. Who invented it Y gatherings each week, for social in- A missionary. Who put the language tercourse and pleasurable recreation, into written form? Missionaries. The and for de:finite Christian instruction. argument of the proclamation is based upon religion. Who teld these bar- Ne,,",fouDdland Prea.chers barous folk that 'Our God made the world,' etc. 1 Missionaries. The ap- AN interesting article in The Liv- peal implies a constituency where the ing Church on Great Britain's truths of the Bible are to some extent oldest colony, tells us that Newfound- known, if not always practised. Misland and a strip of the Labrador sionaries translated, and the Bible coast constitute a diocese of the Society published, the Scriptures for Church of England, quite separate the Eskimos and Crees. The fatherly from Canada. Roman Catholics and tone of the proclamation shows that :Methodists are also found there, and the Oanadian Government approaches each denomination has its own system its great civilizing task in a Christian of schools under church control and spirit. " partly supported by a per capita government grant. While there are LATIN AMERICA many English clergymen, Newfoundland is blessed with a ministry largely Y. W. C. A. Work in Mexico native. Not only has she produced her own priesthood, but she has many MEXICO needs new women for her sons laboring in Oanada, the United new day, and the Y. W. O. A., States, and other places. One Oanadian seminary has drawn very large- established only a year and a half ago ly for its students on Newfoundland- in Mexico City, is sepking to prepare ers and still there is a long waiting them just as some of the outstanding list for entrance into the local semi- moral leader" among men are the nary-Queen's College, St. John's. The places to which these men go are product of Y. .:vr. C. A. training. very isolated. Many of them have a hundred miles or more of coast dotted Eleven groups of girls and young with tiny settlements. Every day al- women have been organized to promost, they must be on the road, in all mote definitfl social service projects weathers. They have to direct the and to learn team work. Olasses in education in the schools, comfort the English are being tanght and arrangesick, reason with the wayward, and ments are made for the exchange, be the one great uplifting force in with foreign girls, of instruction in their extensive parishes. SpaniHh. Members of these groups have enlisted for health work among Laws for Crees and Eskimos the poor. A health education center has been organized in cooperation APROOLAMATION was recently with the city 11ealth department, addreSBed by the Canadian Gov- which furniflhes the equipment. A ernment to the Indians and Eskimos popular cir!Oulating' library, a thing 'Iuite new in .!lJfexico, has been started, ,pecializing on woman's culture, and a nucleus of 500 volumes gathered.

The National Department of Educa- communities in the cities of Brazil; tion offers cooperation in this work 35,000 Japanese, chiefly engaged in and fortnightly lectures are given to rice culture in the State of Sao Paulo, increase interest in reading. The among whom the only work carried dormitory and home for girls away on is by one Japanese Protestant pasfrom home is a real cosmopolitan club. tor; 5,000 Czechoslovaks, chiefly of An employment bureau is functioning Protestant sympathies, who emigrated as one of the most serviceable arms of to Argentina in 1920: small colonies the work. of Letts, Esthonians, Armenians, and Russians, and some 500,000 Italians, South American Methodism who present a field in which, in the judgment of some, evangelical activi- BISHOP W. F. OLDHAM, of the ties should be better coordinated and Methodist Episcopal Church, increased. writes as follows of the East South America Conference, which includes Training Peruvian Nurses Argentina and' Uruguay; "Though not yet Jarge in numbers, the evan- TRAINING schools for nurses have gelical forces of these southern re- been unknown in Peru, as well as publics had profonndly affected the other parts of South America, until public life., Great reforms had been very recently. Hospitals have existed initiated; public rights, such as lib- in all of the larger cities, but these erty of public worship, right of public have been in charge of Catholic sepulture, freedom of opinion, free- Sisters, not trained nurses. The dom of puhlic schools from church Nurse Training School in Lima in control, etc., had been secured, while connection with the British American temperance reform, child welfare, and Hospital is the first successful school the recognition of. woman's rights of its kind in Peru. At the present were largely the fruits of the impact time there are twenty-five nurses in of evangelieal teaehing in which all training. These come from all kinds evangelieals share, Methodism leading of homes except the extremely the procession. 'rhey accepted with wealthy. The majority of them have gravity and solemn sense of responsi- a limited amount of edueation, as bility the invitation to move as higher education is not considered I'apidly as possible to complete self- necessary for girls in this country. support. They pointed out that "We find them," says Miss Katherine twenty-five per cent of their churches Hankin, R. N., "a bright, happy, enhad already reached this goal; others thusiastic bunch of. girls, and very are hastening thither. They pledged good imitators. They learn very themselves to a more earnest witness readily, but do not always apply this of the truth that had been entrusted knowledge to the best advantage. Our to them. When the time came they course of study is taken from the would accept any added responsibility standard eurrieulum used in the that self-government would place United States. We do not go deeply upon. them." into the sciences, and give a few more hours to practical demonstrations, Imm,igranh in South America and a few less to theory. "-Christian Advocate. AMONG the groups of these people that are comparatively unreached Methodist Farm School in ChUe by evangelical Christianity, or alto- I N southern Chile the Methodist gether neglected, the Record of Chris- Episcopal Church (North) is con- ducting a flourishing institution, twn Work mentions the following; known as the Instituto Agricola 100,000 non-Catholics and Moslem Bunster. It consists of the church, Syrians in various settlements of agricultural school, primary school, Argentina; 45,000 Syrians and 25,- 000 ,Moslem Turks located in small

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

fruit, forest and flower nursery, church and made a bonfire of them in vegetable garden, dairy, farm, car- the middle of the street." pentry and machine shop. The agricultural school has been functioning EUROPE five years, and has had an average of twenty students enrolled from all Religious Awakening in Ireland parts of Chile. The requirements for entrance are the completion of the DR. NORTHRIDGE, editor of The primary course of study as prescribed Irish Christian Advocate of Belby the Chilean national schools, a fast, writes of a great spiritual sound body, good character and a awakening in northern Ireland. It willingness to work, all vouched for came without human engineering, folby two known people of the appli- lowing waves of materialism and cant's home community. The work of spiritism. One illustration of the the farm includes the introduction of awakening is the conversion of Robert new plant varieties for experimenta- Blackford, a noted atheist, who did tion and trial, and the development much to undermine faith. New disof native material and varieties, in coveries of science have led him to cooperation with the United States desert his former position for faith Department of Agriculture, receiving in God and spiritual things. The refrom them many varieties of plants, vival has brought Protestant churches seeds and fruits and in turn forward- together in a new spirit of unity and ing to them the best Chilean seeds cooperation and has produced a and fruits for propagation. deeper, more general study of the Bible. As a result, there 'has been Priestly Opposition in Brazil renewed conviction that Christ alone is the hope of the ages. REV. ALVA HARDIE, D.D., mis- sionary of the Southern Presby- Some other results of this revival terian Church in western Brazil, de- are a greater spirit of peace in Ireland scribes the hostility shown by a priest and an increased attendance at when he went to the town of Patos to church, with at least 50,000 people buy land for a school, and continues: making profession of their faith in Christ in eighteen months. A third "The priest here in Patrocinio has result has been a growing consciouspublished in the weekly paper of the ness of social evil and a determinatown for the last three weeks, among tion to improve community life. other things, these illuminating lines: Temperance has increased, the sale of strong drink has been restricted, and The propaganda of Protestantism, even if many week-day religious services it were true, even if looked upon only on the have been held in kitchens, mission religious side, even so it ought to be fought halls and in the open air. Christian by all Brazilians, it is the leaven of discord. life is in evidence on every hand. And there are already not a few of these leavens of disunion that we have among us. L. M. S. Educational Campaign Religion to the North American is nothing more than a branch of commercial adver· THAT great organization of Engtising, just as any other means of adver· lish Congregationalists, the London tising. Missionary Society, is instituting what ~s described as "a five-year cam- "These are a few of the means of paign of missionary education. " One persecution here in Brazi1. And what aspect of this und&taking is outlined shall I more sav? for time would fail as follows: me to tell of Sao Jose dos Calcados where the Protestant church building "The outstanding call of the hour was burned down, the priest being at is for a great offering of young manthe head of the mob; or of Apparecida hood and womanhood to the cause of do Norte where the infuriated crowd the Kingdom of God. Many of the took an the benches, pulpit, hymn- vacancies in the mission fields which books, doors and sashes from the could not be filled during the war

period, 1914-1919, remain still un- fiftieth anniversary of his momentous filled, not only because finance is in- visit to the Scottish metropolis. Three adequate, but because young men have thousand people crowded the audinot offered themselves for collegiate torium, the Lord Provost of the city training, and in consequence, the pro- in the chair. Sixty gray-haired men portion of missionary candidates and women who were present were from the theological colleges has, been converts of the campaign of 1874-75, inadequate. The missionary challenge and 600 others were fruits of the of the L. M. S. to the churches today labors of the Association which owed is first of all a call for the dedication its existence to him. Sir J. H. M. of the precious gift of life to God's Graham said that he had once sat on great service. Men and women are the platform of Exeter Hall in required who will be ready to make London with W. E. Gladstone and the offering of capable life to the work Matthew Arnold and listened to of preparation for the ministry of the Moody. At the close of the service mission field." :Mr. Gladstone turned to his com- panions and said, "I thank God that Preaching to Liverpool Jew. I have lived to see the day when He should bless His Church on earth by DURING the past summer a group the gift of a man able to preach the of fifteen converted Jews and Gospel of Christ as we have heard it Jewesses, siIpported by about thirty preached this afternoon!" Arnold, Christian fellow-workers,· conducted the cultured agnostic, said, "Mr. an open-air campaign in Liverpool, Gladstone, I would give all that I which is described in the Jewish Mis- have if I could only believe it!" sionary H emld: " The Jewish people were fairly: taken by surprise when Germa", Church Federation we reached their respective quarters and with unfurled Hebrew banners R.EV. CHARLES S. MACFARcommenced the meetings with prayer LAND, D.D., of the Federal and songs of praise. Still further Council of Churches, writes of his reamazement was shown as one after cent visit to the Continent: "One of another lifted up their hearts and the most heartening things in Europe voices and delivered pointed messages is the rapid development of the and testimonies. In all nine different Church Federation of Germany, and 'Jewish streets' were visited with the there is no more important contact Gospel, in each of which the messagel'l for our Federal Council and the as well as the messengers enjoyed full American churches than that which liberty. After each service a proces- is being deepened with it. This body sion of all our Jewish brethren and is different from any other federation sisters, together with our regular fel- in that not only are denominations low helpers was formed, and with our united, but aL.,o provincial church Hebrew banners we marched through bodies within the German Republic the Jewish Mecca, singing gospel which have previously been separate hymns. The Jewish community here and autonomous bodies. It therefore had never before witnessed such a tends to break down these sectional sight in their very midst." influences which have undoubtedly been harmful to the higher developlIIloody lIIle:morial in Glasgow ment of the people of Germany as a whole. Our relations with the Ger- THE abiding influence in Great man Federation are of much more im- Britain, as well as in this country, portance than simply the sympathetic of Dwight L. Moody is illustrated in association between the churches of the fact that not long ago the Glasgow two particular nations. It is to be Evangelistic Association, which was remembered that by far the larger the offspring of his revival meetings, body of the Protestant churches in conducted a public celebration of the

1925J NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

Europe are associated with Germany consider how effect can be given to through time, tradition and tempera- the suggestions which have been ment, and that German Protestantism made. " It is also "to examine the exercises a wide influence in Europe. " practicability of calling another such conference at a future date." Its Pione~ring in Bulgaria American members include Rev. Drs.

REV. PAUL L. MISHKOFF writes Arthur J. Brown, Wm. Adams Brown, from Philippolis, Bulgaria, to the New York office of the Russia Evan- S. Parkes Cadman, Harold Lynn gelization Society: "Brother Marko Hough, Shailer Mathews, Frederick Karatanasoff, our colporteur in Varna Lynch, and Bishops Brent and district, has recently visited some of Cannon. the villages where the people have never seen nor heard a preacher of World's Week of Prayer Christ's Gospel. One village, Chokek, is twenty-nve miles away from Varna, THE annual Universal Week of and our brother walked on foot, bear- Prayer, which has been planned ing a satchel filled with Bibles and for by the World's Evangelical Al- tracts. He talked to tJ;te women, chil- liance each year since 1846, will be dren, and m~n of the village, at dif- held in 1926 from Sunday, January ferent places. Two days were spent 3d, to Saturday, January 9th, in- there in missionary effort, praying, clusive. The call, issued by the preaching, singing, and distributing Council of the Alliance, contains the gospels and tracts, without ceasing, following references to world condi- and all this shook the village to its tions as reasons for prayer: " The very foundation. The people listened Jew is establishing himself in the land and cried and promised to live true of his fathers, and is beginning to Christian lives. In the other village, divest himself of the veil of prejudice Vladislave, each house was visited with Bibles and tracts, and a splendid .r through which he has till now looked open-air meeting was held. Many people stood for two hours in a sunny upon esus of Nazareth. Islam still place to hear the Word of God, and lifts a wall of towering defiance to it was the first time for them to listen Christianity, although great rents ap- to the preaching of the Gospel." pear in it. Perhaps even now it is beginning to crumble. On the con- GENERAL tinent of Europe the Papacy is fight- ing for its life, yet its propaganda is Stockholm Continuation Committee unwearied, endlessly resourceful, and not without success. Only a few lands THE delegates from thirty-seven are still closed to the Gospel; else- countries who met in the Universal where the Word of Life has free Conference on Christian Life and course, and is being glorified." Work, held in' Stockholm, August 11th to 30th, voted unanimously to China Inland Mi.sion Anniversary appoint a, continuation committee. Commissiqrl after commission in mak- T HE sixtieth anniversary of the found- ing its report pointed out the neces- ing of the China Inland Mission was sity of- a permanent agency to study celebrated in a conference held in To- , the economic and charitable tasks of ronto, Canada. (September 14th to 16th). the churches in all countries, to act as a fact-finding body for the churches, Sixty years ago, there were less than one to provide unprejudiced information hundred missionaries in China, and none ex- on subjects of concern to them, and eept at stations easily reached by steamers. to issue a periodical. These plans During tbe :first ten years of the China In- have, in general, been adopted, the land Mission, baptisms numbered only 777. Committee being given authority "to In the :first twenty-:five years, baptisms were nearly 5,000. During the next twenty-:five ye'ars they were over 25,01),0. During the last ten years (including, in time, the W"rId War, China's own wars and brogandage) 54,000 men and women have confessed Christ by baptism in connection with this onB Mission which has now over 1,100 mis- sionaries working in China.

MISSIONARY

GoBdu'~shnWelolr!d to Women. By Katharine C. order t conf ute these fallacies, and 127 Suunyside Ave., Oakland, 0 also to show that such knowledge Oahforma.

Mrs. Bushnell, equipped with a would have great influence for faith ol knowledge of Hebrew and Greek en-· in the Word of God.

ters the lists as a champion the It is assumed that the "Bible is Bible and of women. She accepts inspired, infallible, inviolable, and fully the authority of the sacred that any amendment or manipulation Scriptures and would stand by its of the text is unnecessary." By this teachings though they should go she is referring to the original text against all the feminism of the world. and not to English translations. With She believes, however, that an un- the errors and mistranslations of our prejudiceq study of the original will J;Jnglish versions she has scant pa- reveal it to be a work of power and bence. freedom from God to women. She For example, she shows that God has a suspicion that sex prejudice has did not curse woman. The translation blinded the eyes of many male trans- of His words to Eve is in error-that lators to the plain meaning of the is alL "The teaching that God pun- Scriptures; and her book seems to ishes Christian women for the sin of verify that suspicion. Eve" she says, "is a wicked and cruel "'God's Word to Women" was is- superstition." "The need of a dif- sued as a study book; in her prepara- ferent translation and interpretation tory statement to the second edition ?f Genesis 3: 16 will scarcely be real- Mrs. Bushnell says; lzed by those not familiar with the "We must continually improve in usual teachings to be found in our our understanding of God's will and Bi?le. commentaries, which defy the this necessitates a continual imp~ove- prmClples of morality and justice as ment in our interpretation of God's well as outrage the sense of the orig- word. So the question is, Shall the inal words."

Church change its present treatment Then follows a long critical .exami- of woman, or its interpretation of St. nation of the word teshuqa, trans- Paul? …… At no point is faith in lated" desire" in Gen. 3: 16. She the entire Bible being so viciously shows that the Septuagint translation and so successfully attacked today as represents teshuqa by apostrophe.

. at the point of the' woman question, ' She also quotes other ancient versions and the Church so far attempts no where a similar term is used in all defense here of her children. It as- of which the meaning "turning" is sumes that the interests of merely a few,3ambitious women are involved, awgirivtlel ntru.urlneSinohgveetrtohtehtnehey.t"rahnussSlbhaatenedsn;o, tae'~~~dTthhhoauet whe'r-eas the very fundamentals of our faith are involved.'; the Church Fathers seem to be igno- The objects of the lessons are (1) rant of any other sense than "turn- to point out the fallacies in the argu- ing" for the word. Clement of oRtohmere~ ment for the supremacy of the male Irenaeus, Origen, Jerome and sex, (2) to show the true position of are cited. Yet how much immorality women in theeconomy of God, (3) to has been fostered by this false trans- show women their need of knowing lation, where the word has been trans- the Bible in its original tongues in lated as sexual desire j 990 Mrs. Bushnell's treatment of the last chapter of Proverbs. Here again early status of woman as revealed in " a woman of chayil" becomes a virtuthe patriarchal age of the Old Testa- ous woman, though the Syriac version ment, is very interesting. She notes actually has "a strong, powerful, the command that a husband is to virile" woman. So the word that is leave his father and mother and used 200 times and used to indicate cleave to his wife, and brings out very force, strength, ability, becomes narclearly the existence of a matriarchal rowed when it relates to woman to state in which the husband is absorbed the one virtue of chastity. into the family of his wife. This early free and dignified position of Perhaps the most interesting dis- cussion in the Old Testament centers the woman disappeared after the re- around the passage in 1 Sam. 2: 22 turn from the captivity, under rab- where the women who assembled binic interpretation and regulation. about the door of the tabernacle are mentioned. The word translated Numerous and amusing instances assembled should be translated of sex bias are given in the English "served," as it relates to a time when translations of the Old Testament women actually served in the taber- nacle. Professor Margoliouth uses the text. For example, Lev. 19: 20 where word "wilful mistranslations" and the authorized version has She shall decl~res that the whole modern theory be scourged …… and he shall bring of the Pentateuch is likely to be his offering; the Revised Version has wrecked on this one verse. Space does "They shall be punished …… and not permit the reprinting of the he shall bring, etc.; but the literal whole argument. meaning is "There shall be inquisition …… and he shall bring his of- The most interesting and valuable part of the book is where Mrs. Bushfering. " nell turns her attention to the mis- Again the word cha-kam, "wise," translations and misinterpretations of the Apostle Paul. occurs 130 times in the Hebrew Bible. It is invariably translated "wise" Take the instructions contained in except in a very few instances where First Corinthians which are com- monly understood to both veil and siit relates to women as for example, lence women. In 1 CoP. 14: 34 it is J er. 9: 17 "send for cunning women stated "it is not permitted …… as that they may come." Another ex- also says the law." Who did not perample is found in Isa. 3: 12 where mit it 1 No law can be found in the the word translated "children" is entire Old Testament forbidding the not so translated in the two score speaking of women, but on the con- trary women are permitted to speak other passages where it occurs, and in public, e. g. Num. 27: 1-7. The the word translated" women" is prob- Judaisers, on the contrary, with the ably quite a different word. The rigid and narl"()W interpretation of the rabbinical tradition had the Septuagint translates this verse: "As strongest regulations against any for my people taxgathers glean them public participation of Women. Mrs. and exactors rule over them." Bushnell believes!that in Chapter 14: 3'4-35 Paul is quoting the views of Still another word chayil seems to the Judaisers as contained in the lethave been translated with a sex bia~. ter which had come to him from the Two hundred and forty-two times it church in Corinth, as he elsewhere in occurs. It is translat~d, army, might, the same letter quotes positions only power, goods, substance, wealth, valor, to refute them. Paul's retort to the and so on. But in four cases this J udaisers is found in the words word is used in regard to a woman. Once of Ruth, where the Septuagint "what came the word of God from translates it, "Thou art a woman of power." Our English version has it "Thou art a virtuous woman." Once in King Lemuel's description of the wo~d,erful, vigorous woman, in the you? or came it unto you only?" " Woman's spiritual head is also her and so on to the end of the chapter. King; and so is man's spiritual head. But woman's matrimonial head is not In the eleventh chapter it is pointed her King, he is only a fellow-disciple out that Paul is similarly quoting the and fellow-servant of the King." Judaising objections in the letter which he has received, in verses 6-10, The great part which women played and gives his answer in what follows. in the, New Testament is fully re- There is nothing in the Greek that vealed. It was women only who re- compels us to translate as a question mained at the cross throughout the v. 13, and the statement in verse 14 crucifixion. It was they who were the is so manifest a mistranslation that preservers of the seven words on the nothing but sex prejudice could have cross; they who were the first wit- so long retained it. "Judge for your- nesses of the resurrection; they who selves," Paul replies, "It is fitting were named as fellow-workers by for a woman to pray to God unveiled, PauL nor does nature itself teach you that it is a disgraee for a man to have long The writer believes that correctly hair, but it is a woman's glory, be- translated and fairly interpreted in cause her hair has been given her in- the light of attendant circumstances, stead of a veil." Paul's teachings in regard to women are not intended to fetter her, or to To sum' up the whole, Paul dis- circumscribe her attitude; that we misses the contention of the J udaisers may follow them in spirit, that we with a word: "If anyone is disposed never need to apologize for them, or to be contentious over the matter, we to disregard them; that on the con- have no such custom (veiling) nor trary we find the Bible teachings have the churches of God." squarely in line with woman's fullest freedom and opportunity. H. B. Y. In support of this contention, Mrs. Bushnell quotes Lightfoot, and the Some Chinese Friends of Mine. Mary F. custom of the early churches which Kelly. 12mo. 196 pp. 1925. permitted women to sit unveiled in church meetings until the Council of The best way to understand the Laodicea forbade it in 363 A. D. Chinese is through such personal in- One is tempted to quote further from this fascinating book, whose full troductions as those in this volume of and shattering force cannot be felt except as it is read in full, with a human interest sketches. Miss Kelly, careful study of the Greek text. who has been for nearly thirty years She shows that wives are never taught to obey their husbands; the a missionary of the Disciples in China, word obey being used only in regard to slaves and children; while the tells sypathetically the life stories of word "be subordinate to" is used both in regard to all believers (Eph. eighteen Chinese with whom she came 5: 21, R. V.) and to Christ himself. 'She shows what headship involves in into contact. Her friends include regard to Christ, and to husbands; where it means supporter, nourisher, teachers, inn-keepers, school girls, builder of the body, and not mere ruler. Christ invites his church to women of the old and new order, sit beside him on his throne; he does not jealously keep his church in sub- farmer's wife, gambler, night-watch- jection. We are to obey Christ be- cause he is divine; but he himself has man, etc. They are varied, well-told told us to call no man "Master" for one is your Master even Christ. sketches, suitable for reading aloud at home or in sewing circles. "

Dear Family. By Peggy Ann. 16mo. 107 pp. 1925.

A wide-awake young college woman from the United States, without much missionary vision, goes to serve as a teacher in a mission school in South America. She writes home a series of interesting letters which give an excellent insight into the fufiuences that give her a real interest in mis- shores of the "Isle of Rum" off the sionary work. There is nothing southern coast of Newfoundland and solemn or stereotyped about these many other unadvertised spots in letters but they are human, purpose- America's great out-of-doors, make up ful and stimulating. this "Land of New Delight." The author says that the" fine harmonies The Missionary Evangel. E. D. Mouzon. of life in the open" will reward the 12mo. 181 pp. 1925. traveler for lack of bed springs and The missionary message of the limousines, if he is not in a hurry nor Bible, its relation to the human soul, greatly interested in what he will the Christian view of God, the Gospel have for dinner. In some of theso of the Cross, and the sanctification of out-of-the-way places our guide found all life, are the subjects of five lec- young missionaries "with courage of tures delivered by Bishop Mouzon of iron and needing it." He shows an the Methodist Church, South, in appreciation of their work and a feel- Dallas, Texas. They are evangelical, ing that some of these neglected places fresh, forceful and practical, espe- are in need of a Light independent of cially stimulating to students and sunrise or sunset featured. While in pastors. no sense a missionary book, it may be recommended as a source for mission- The Eternal Hunger. Edward Steiner. ary settings to enliven missionary 12mo. 150 pp. $1.25. 1925. papers or addresses. c. H.

These fourteen incidents describe some of Professor Steiner's spiritual The Master Life. W. P. Livingstone. 8vo. experiences, most of them in his boy- 405 pp. $2.50. 1925.

11000, when he W:1S a Jewish lad in There is no more fruitful theme Poland. The last two or three have than the earthly life of Jesus. It has to do with his Christian life but in all been written up from every angle and of them is revealed a yearning for for every class of reader. Here the God, a sympathy with Christ and a author of "Mary Slessor" and other desire to bring men into fellowship excellent biographies writes the biog- with God. Professor Steiner is a man raphy of the God-Man of Galilee, in of deep emotions, with sympathy for modern !'ltyle, without the use of ec- his fellow-men, rather than a phil- clesiastical phraseology. The author osopher or theologian. He knows how uses New 'l'estament material with to tell a story so as to bring out imagination and draws upon the re- dramatic effects and to touch the sults of modern research to picture hearts of his readers. vividly Jesus and His times humanly but with reverence. He brings out Least Known America. A. Eugene Bartlett, clearly the greatness of His character, author of "The Joy·Maker," "Harbor Jim, "etc. Illustrated, l1U1pS, 286 pp. the wonderful quality and effects of $2.50. New York. 1925. His words and works and the divine The prospective tourist who may include in his itinerary those portions mission that brought Him into the of America described by Mr. Bartlett, world. It is a fascinating and power- ful story. .

should discard as useless baggage his The Man of Sorrows. Albert T. W. Steinblue book of travel with its list of haeuser. 318 pages. $2.25. New York.

hotels of di!'ltinction. The regions in- 1925.

cluded here offer no accommodations This book of Lenten devotions on for travelers, but there is promise of the passion of our Lord contains dis- an abundance of blue sky, fair criminating selections for scripture weather and beautiful scenery. The reading, prayers, and meditations for road to Chimayo, a little-known vil- the entire period and will be of great lage in New Mexico, Indian trails to assistance to all who desire to follow the "Home of the Great Spirit, the such a plan of devotion. Many of the 6 prayers, collects, and litanies have a always had a fascination and a rofreshness which is most appealing. mance both in their savagery and in their conversion to Christianity. J. F. R. 'rhese two fascinating volumes tell the story of Erromanga, the Martyr Isle, A Treasury for Teachers. Edited by John Gray. 12mo. 196 pp. 28 net. 1924. and of tours among the other volcanic islands, heathen and Christian. Sunday-school teachers and others will find in this compact volume use- The Copping Bible Pictures. 95 colored ful material for illustrating lessons illustrations. 5o/sxS14 inches. $2.50 per and talks. There are brief biogra- set. Westminster PI'CSB. Philadelphia. phical sketches, sermonettes, lesson 1925. outlines, teaching suggestions, subjects for speakers and short articles With rare and sympathetic underon baptism, the Bible, service, work standing of his subject, and peculiar for children, unruly pupils, etc.; also artistic skill, Harold Copping has insome object lessons and blackboard terpreted thirty Old Testament and work. sixty-five New Testament scenes. They are thoroughly Oriental and Mounting Up with Wings. N orthcote Deck. Palestinian in treatment. While in 12mo. 1'"' pp. 3s net. Glasgow. 1925. !'lome pictures the printing is much more clear and satisfactory than in Dr. Deck, a missionary to the Sol- others, the coloring is good and genomon Islands, gives in this little erally the conception of Jesus is volume, seventeen brief messages deal- pleasing. Each picture is on a seping with the "life of simple faith." arate sheet and nnder it is printed a They are biblical, practical and spir- Bible text and a brief description of itual. Christians will find comfort the scene.. The paintings draw less and inspiration in them. on the imagination than many of Tissot's, for the artist makes no at- Mountain Peaks in the Life of Our Lord. tempt to depict halos and angelic William Bancroft Hill. 8vo. 189 pp. figures, (except in the scene of the $1.50. New York. 1925. shepherds on the night of the nativity. 'rhese pictures are excellent for teach- With the devout spirit of a Chris- ing Bible lessons. tian, the keen insight of a student, the practiced skill of a teacher, the Mission Methods. Carrie Lee Campbell. vivid descriptions of a traveler, the 65 pp. $1.00. Richmond, Va. 1923. practical sense of a virile man, and the attractive style of a literateur, A book of methods for the use of Dr. Hill has selected these outstanding events in the life of Jesus, asso- churches, Sunday-schools and missionciated with the outstanding points in the Palestinean landscape in order to ary societies. Pifty-eight suggestions present a popular, impressive life of Christ. The mountains of Nazareth, are given for missionary features the temptation, the temple, the transfiguration, the crucifixion and the as- which may he introduced in various cension are a few of the hills around which the narratives cluster. The programs. While the book was prebook will well repay, the reader. pared specifically for Southern Pres- Midst Volcanic Fires. Maurice Frater. Illus. 12mo. 288 pp. $2.25. Boston. byterian churches, the suggestions 1922. may be readily adapted for use else- Won by Blood. A. K. Langridge. Illus. 12mo. 128 pp. where. K. s. C.

The New Hebrides Islands, first Color Blind. a Missionary Play in Three made famous by John G. Paton, have Acts. Margaret 1', Applegarth. 10 cents. New York. 1923.

This missionary play, from Miss Applegarth's book of Short Mission- ary Plays, teaches God's love and care for the children of all races and colors. K. s. C. MISSIONS LATEST BOOKS ON JAMES LIVINGSTONE STEWART The Laughing Buddha A Tale of Love and Adventure in Western China.

"Not only interesting, it is instructive. From it we can glean an insight into the situation not merely in Szechuan, but in China. It portrays vividly and accurately the life of the people in these days of transition between the old and the new."-Lewis H odous, Secretary, Ken/tcdy School of Missions. Illustrated, $2.00 ISABEL BROWN ROSE F.P. TURNER-F. K.SANDERS (Editors) Red BlosSOIDS The Foreign Missions A Story of Western India. Convention at "The ups and downs. the problems and per- Washington, 1925 plexities, the pains and pleasures of modern Addresses given at the Foreign Missions Con- vention of the United States and Canada held missionary life told in an interesting romance." in Washington, D. c., 1925. -Christian Union Herald. $1.75 Special Net, $2.50, plus postage. HOWARD E. ANDERSON Gospel RODlance in the Christian Work in South Huts of the Punjab AIDerica Introduction by Prof. Chas. R. Erdman, ROBER'!' E. SPEER, Chairman; S. G. INMAN, Sec'y.; F. K. SANDERS, Chairman Editorial Princeton. Committee. Official Report of the Congress at Montevideo. Glimpses of Missionary Activity in the Vil- Reports of Commissions and Discussions, in- cluding Bishop McConnell, Dr. William I. lages of Northwest India. Haven, Dr. Frank T. Sanders, Dr. Eric North, etc., etc. 2 vols.; per set, special net, $4.00 "There is nothing better than these human- interest tales from the Punjab."-Christian Endeavor World. Illustrated, $1.25 ELLA MARIE HOLMES WEBSTER E. BROWNING, PhD., Litt.D. Sowing Seed in Assanl RODlan Christianity in Introduction by Helen Barrett Montgomery. Latin AIDerica Missionary Life and Labors in Northeast India.

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where she labored under the most trying con- Beach. $1.00 ditions. Illustrated. $1.50 CHRISTINE I. TINLING W. F. JORDAN Bits of China The Awakening of the World's W. C. T. U. Organi;er. CentralAIDerican Indian Travel Sketches in the Orient. Introduction Secretary, Upper Andes Agency, American by Anna A. Gordon. Bible Society.

"How she did make us enjoy her journeys Furnishes striking testimony to the regenera- through China, this earnest, and as it proved tive power of the Bible when placed in the exceedingly brave woman !"-Boston Trans~ hands of the newly-co_nverted, though ignorant cript. Illustrated, $1.50 Indian. 75c FLEMING H. REVELL COMPANY CHICAGO, 17 North Wabash Avenue NEW YORK, .. 158 Fifth Avenue Please mention THE M:iSSIONABY REVIEW OF ~HE WORLD In writing to advertisers. A Missionary Pilgrim's Progress Is American Missionary Work ~erry-C;o-Ftound in Turkey Worth While? By Margaret T. Applegarth A pilgrim's prog- ress through mis- sion fields around the world is CGn- tained in this book of s tor i e s , pro- You will find the answer in grams for special OSlYlan Pasha occasions, activity A Play of the New Turkey outlines, memory By William Jourdan Rapp hymns and Bible Which Tells of a New Faith in the Near East verses, handwork, posters, gam e s .

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1701-1703 Chestnut Street, 353 Fourth Avenue New York City Philadelphia, Pa.

PERSONALS REV. ARTHUR H. SMITH, D.D., one of the Attractive most widely known of American mission- Accommodations aries, author of "Chinese Characteristics," recently celebrated his eightieth birthday at At the Heart of New York! 'l'unghsien, China. MISSIONARIES *** R.EV. F. I. JOHNSON, of Columbus, Ohio, has been eleded an associate secretary of t.he Metho(1ist Episcopal Board of Foreign Missions.

PR.INCIPAL SAM HIGGINBOTTOM, of the PASTORS Agricultural 3nel Industrial Institute in EVANGELISTS Allahabad, India, received the honorary degree of Doctor of Philanthropy from and other Christian Workers, together with Princeton University, his Alma Mater, last members of their families, can secure most de.. June. sirable single or double rooms, when visiting New York, in the new fire-proof building of REV. NOLAN R. BEST, for many years the the National Bible Institute. Every room an able editor of The Continent, has become outside room, newly furnished, and with hot executive secretary of the Baltimore Federa- and cold running water! Rates exceptionally tion of Churches. low. For detailed information or reservations MISS A. L. MILLARD, after thirty-eight address: years of service in Bombay under the Guest Secretllry (E), Marathi Mission (Congregational), has returned to America. The' National Bible Institute, OBITUARY 340 West Fifty.fifth Street, REV. HENRY W. BOONE, D.D., son of the Ne~ York City. 1lrst Bishop Roane of Chin", brother of the sec.ond Bishop Boone, and himself a mission- Don O. Shelton, M. T. Shelford, ary of the Protestant Episcopal Church in that cO.nntry for over thirty years, died re- President. De"n. cently m Los Angeles, aged eighty-six.

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PI.a.s. mention THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OJ' THE WORLD In writing to advertisers. NEW BOOKS Why DoYou Delay? An African Church in lIu1lding. ;T.;T. Making That Will • Willis. 118 pp. 28 6d. Church Mission- ary Society. London. 1925.

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The Missionary Review of the World — October 1925

INDIANS OF PERU APPEALING TO MISSIONARIES OF THE EVANGELICAL UNION FOR

The New home of McCutch~on's will open on or about October 15th WHEN next you visit New York, we cordially invite you to include our handsome new store on Fifth Avenue at 49th Street in your tour of the city.

In this new store you will meet the same friendly spirit for which McCutcheon's has long been famous. Our old patrons will, of course, notice many new things; the home Decorating Department, Dress Silks, Jewelry, Novelties and Bags. And many of the old depart~ ments have been enlarged, too.

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How true it is that the value of an important and oft-quoted text lies in the accuraey of its A Popular Number translation and on its finer shades of mC'dning ! Thus it is that, according to the American (wzth topIcal helps) Standard Bible, First Corinthians 15,33, ··evil companionships" rather than evil communica.. 15!l-T-Genuine leather seal tions, " corrupt good morals-not good manners. ,g-rain, divinity circuit, round So it is throughout this marvelously accurate {'orners, title stamped on version-the $ 3 dboiroekcsttoorfesthoer back in pure gold, at leading 50 = publishers..

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Please mention THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD in writing to advertisers. THE MISSIONARY YOUR Children REVIEW OF THE WORLD What Are They Studying at DBLA~VAN L. PIERSON, Bditor SUNDAY-SCHOOL? It, Contents for October, 1925 … ….._-"::':'!'"… Are they learning that Paye the Bible is the Word of FRONTISPIECE ..•….. SOUTH AMERICAN God, and a trustworthy guide to etemallife? Are INDIANS AI>PEALING FOR A MISSIONARY they being taught that EDlTORIALS …………•…..•…… 741 Jesus Christ is the Son of God, and the Saviour of "WiHY PROTESTANT MISSIONS IN LATIN the World? Or are their AMERICA. minds being filled with the doubts and denials of UNDERSTANDING OUR NBIGHBORS. Evolution and Modern- PnOTESTANT MISSIONARIES IN LATIN ism?

AMERICA. Y QU teachers and par- M"IRSION.Alty MAP OF SOUTH AMERICA. ents ought to know. Our Sunday School publica- LATIN DEMOCRACIES •• W. E. BROWNING 747 tions, written for all de- nominadonsy are true to QUOTABLE IT EMS ABOUT SOUTH the Word of God. AMERICA ….•……•…•…•.• 753 The "Full Gospel" Line of LATIN AMERICAN REACTION TO THE International Lessons GOSPEL •••••.••… J. H. McLEAN 755 TEACHERS' QUARTERLY A JAPANE~E MISSIONARY IN BRAZIL An absolutely new publication, prepared with Ino ex~ • •••••••••••.••• Mwoxr KOBAYASHI 760 r~~a;IS~h~i~e~~~~~~iiabl:: ~b!;~~~bfi~: ~~ HOW GOD IS WORKING IN LATIN AMERICA •••••••••.•• J. L. HART 763 tinct departments. YOUNG PEOPLE'S QUART ERLY SOUTH AMERICAN INTELLECTUALS AND CHRISTIANITY, J. A. MACKAY 769 For use in Young Peopfe's Societies and Bible Study classes. Topics are selected, and expositions furnished HISTORICAL DATA ON LATIN AMER- to cover every phase of Christian expelieDce~ ICA .. , •••••..••.•.••.•..••…• 775 SENIOR QUARTERLY THE RELIGIOUS FERMENT IN MEXICO Special features are: Lesson Subi:t, Lesson Text, • …….••…•••••… A. B. RUDD 777 t=~: 6"ue~ri~!~,1i::~ ~~~I:~, Pr~tic~Toi~~~n, IN THE DOMINICAN REPUBLIC .•••.• ……………. . JAY S. STOWELL 783 INTERMEDIATE QUARTERLY Meets the needs of young people between the ages of ONE GENERATION IN PORTO RICO ………………. HERBERT FoRD 789 I4-I7. A simple, instructive publication, with special features and an attractive cover• A LETTER FROM DR. GRENFELL OF LABRADOR …………•..•.•.. 795 JUNIOR QUARTERLY Fills the needs of young people between the ages of BEST METHODS FOR THE STUDY OF LATIN AMERICA …•.•…..•.•.. ten and fourteen. Its special features are: Scripture • •••• EDITED BY MRS. E. C. CRONK 799 ~~;i;fliu!tr~ti~~ !d~~I~~d~~~~~~ The Lesson WOMAN'S FOREIGN MISSION BULLE- TIN: UNDn-R THE SOUTHERN Caoss HOME DEPARTMENT QUARTERLY •• , .EDU'BD BY ELLA D. McLAURIN 807 All the features of the Senior FuU Gospel QuarJerly, WOMAN'S HOME MISSION BULLETIN: adapted for home use. '

THE WEST INDIES •••••..••••••••• THE ALLIANCE WEEKLY For adult classes. The Allianc:e Weekly is an excep- EDITliD BY FLORENCE E. QUINLAN 810 NEWS FROM MANY I.ANDS ..•••••••••. 813 tionally :fine Sunday School paper. In addition to a THE MISSIONARY LIBRARy……….. 827 Lesson Exposition in each issue, there is an abundance TERMS.-$2.60 a ,.ear. ($2.00 In club. of of Bible study material, sermons and missionary five.) Foreign pOBtago. ISO cents. Singlo copS., articles . 25 cents. published monthI,.. Copyrighted, 1925, b,. MISSION4lIY REVlBW PUBLISHING OOM- THE YOUTH'S COUNSELLOR PAlrY, INC. All rights reserved. Gives young people a grasp 01 the essential truths of THE MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING the Bible in such a way as to pro" e both interesting COMPANY, Inc. and entertaining. Clean, spiritual stories; live mis- Roallla" E. SPlIIlIIB, PreaitfllfU :~~~~rv~Bibiehsel~~;s.sunday School notes, and in:.

WILLIAlIL I. OH,U(BlilaLAIN, V6/:e-P1'e."'"", JUNIOR BOYS AND GIRLS A lively, interesting paper for boYs and girls between DlilLAVA.N L. P:mllBON, Becrefat'll the ages of ten and fourteen. Bristles with Bible stories. W,u,TJIlR McDOUGALL, Treasurer incidents and applications. Illustrated. Publication ,,!lIce, 3d & Reil,. Sta., Harrisburg, JOY BELLS Pa. 26c a copy. $2.50 a ,.ear EdltDrial and BUSiness Ornce, 156 Fifth Avenue, Delight, the little primary people. Tbepictures and simple stm;ies are fine. Issued weekly. Ne.w York City Entered as f.ooond-ciass matter at the Post Picture Lesson Cards f~~~' Harrisburg, Pa., under Act of March 3, Picture Lesson Rolls Lesson Leaflets Write for Free Santples and Price Lists of Sunday School Supplies Send lor Our Catalog The Christian Alliance Publishing Company Books Bibles Tracts Mottoes Sunday School Supplies 2&0 West 44th Street NEW YORK. N. Y.

Pleas, Mention This PeriodicaL Please mention TBJI MIsSIONARY RJovraw 0" :rHE WORLD in writing tI> advertise,… PERSONALS Partnership Opportunities Rl!'V' DONALD FaA.''.ER, D.D., of Living· Enter into Permanent Partnership with s~oma, has be~n appomted Home Organiza. thousands of young lives by having a part hon Secretary of the Foreign Mission in the advancement of Christian Education AT Committee of the United Free Church of HOME and IN NEIGHBORING LANDS. Scotland. We have observed with pleasure that MIss IRENE SHEPPARD, who has been can· friends not only have remembered in their nected with the National Board of Young wills The American Baptist Home Mission Women's Christian Associations since 19()7 Society, but also have made bequests to one and has had wide experience in Latin Amer· or more of its mission schools. For those desiring to do this, the following corporate . . ica, has become Foreign Executive Secretary names are given: of the Board of Foreign Missions of the Bacone College, Bacone, Oklahoma; Bene- Presbyterian Church in tho U. S. A. dict College, Columbia. South Carolina; BISHOP H. W. K. MOWLL, formerly Dean Bishop College, Marshall, Texas; Colegios of Wycliffe College, Toronto, and since 1922 Internacionales, EI Cristo, Cuba; Hartshorn Memorial College, Richmond, Virginia; Inassistant bishop for West China uuder the ternational Baptist Seminary, East Orange, New Jersey; Jackson College, Jackson, Church Missionary Society, was one of a Mississippi; Leland College, Baker, Louisi- ana; Morehouse College, Atlanta, Georgia; party of eight missionaries reported to have Shaw University, Raleigh, North Carolina; been captured by Szechwan bandits. He has Spelman College, Atlanta, Georgia; Storer since been released. College, Harpers Ferry, West Virginia; Vir- ginia Union University, Richmond, Virginia. * For information kindly address REV. HENRY H. SWRE'l'S, D.D., Secretary of Education of the Presbyterian Church CHARLES L. WHITE, Executive Secretary South, sailed on August 6th from Vancouver The American Baptist Home Mission Society for a six months' study of the entire edu· (Exact Corporate Name) cational work of his Board in China Korea 23 East Twenty-sixth Street and Japan. ' New York City * REV. WALTER VAN KIRIC, pastor of the M. E. Church in West Lynn, Mass., has been chosen as Associate Secretary of the Com· mission on International J nstice and Good Will of the Feder•al C..onn*cil of Churches.

WILLIAM M. DANNER, the devoted and effective secretary of the American Mission . to Lepers, has recently started on a world Attractive tour of leper missions accompanied by his Accommodations wife and daughter. They plan to visit Japan, Korea, China, the Philippines, Siam, and India, interviewing government officials At the Heart of New York!

. and inspecting work for lepers. MISSIONARIES PASTORS OBITUARY EVANGELISTS REV. JAMES C. R. EwI'NG, D.D., President and otber Cbristian Workers, togetber witb of the Board of Foreign Missions of the members of their families, can secure roost de- Presbyterian C'hurch in the U. S. A., died sirable single orfdouble rooms wben visiting in Princeton, N. J. on August 2()th, in his New York in the new fire-proof building of seventy·first year. Dr. Ewing spent forty· the National Bible Institute. Every room an three years in missionary service in India, outside room, newly furnished, and with hot thirty of them as President of Forman and cold running water! Rates exceptionally Christian College, Lahore. The British Gov· low. For detailed information or reservations ~rnment repeatedly recogn~zed the value of address: llis work hy conferring honors upon him, the highest being that of Knight Commander Guest Secretary (E), of the Indian Empire, in 1923. The National Bible Institute, .. .. * 340 West Fifty·fifth Street. REV. FaEJ)=()K B. BRIDGEMAN, D.D., for New York City. twenty·eight years It notable representative of. the Ameri~an Board of Commissioners Don O. Shelton. M. T. Shelford, for Foreign Missions in South Africa, where his father speut thirty·six years as a mis· President. Dean. sionary, died in Portland, Me., on August 23d.

REV. FRANCIS G. PENZO'l''l'I, from 1892 to 1922 a devoted agent of the American Bible Societ.y in Latin America, died in Buenos Aires on July 24th, aged seventy·four.

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1HEMI-HIONARY

VOL. OCTOBER, 1925 NUMBER XLVlll TEN WHY PROTESTANT MISSIONS IN LATIN AMERICA~ CHRISTOPHER COI~UMBUS came from a Roman CatholIc country and landed in tropical Ameriea. The Pilgrim Fa- thers, the Dutch and the other settlers from Protestant Europe landed on the more northern shores of the continent. Most of the subsequent immigrants to Nortlt America came from Protestant Europe, while those to Mexico, Central and South America came from Southern Europe and brought with them Latin languages and customs together with the Roman Catholic religion. As a result, North America is dominantly ProteRtant while Latin America is Roman Catholic.

It is clear to any careful and impartial stndent or traveler that there are many differences between the characteristics, ideals and progress of North and South American governments and peoples. It is also interesting to note that Roman Catholic missionaries from the South do not come northward to offer the benefits of their interilretation of God and the Way of Life to North Americans; there are, however, today over 2,200 Protestant missionaries who have left home and country, friends and temporal advantages to carry to their human brothers in the Southlands the special message of truth and life that they believe to be unknown to most of the people there. Is this an assumption due to pride and arrogance or is it based on facts and inspired by a sincere and self-sacrificing spirit of serviee~ Many· thousands of Christians in North America will this year be studying Latin America-its characteristics, customs, history and religion-in carefully prepared textbooks. They will be living alongside their Roman Catholic neighbors at home without speaking a word to them as to differences of faith and practice, but meanwhile will become more deeply interested in evangelical missions to Roman Oatholics who live thousands of miles io the south. Why this difference1 Are the Catholics there so different from those at home f 741

Are they truly suffering from a lack of knowledge of God as revealed in Ohrist and are they in need of a standard and power of life that can be given to them through the Protestant churches of the north?

The special articles on Latin America in this and subsequent numbers of the REVIEW will give the facts as to the conditions that call for the more complete evangelization of Latin America, the Protestant forces that are there at work, and some of the results that justify these missions. Thirty-six new societies have started work in those countries in the last twenty-five years. There are over 60,000 pupils under instruction in Evangelical schools. The Protestant Societies spend about three million dollars annually for the maintenance of the work. Why is this justified from an evangelical Christian standpoint?

First, of the ninety millions of people in Latin America, about seventy per cent or over sixty millions are almost or wholly illiterate. The territory is so vast, so much is undeveloped, masses of the people are so poor that they have no opportul1ity for an education.

Second, in South America alone there are about seven million Indians practic,ully untouched by Christian teaching. ,Some have adopted Catholic symbols and ceremonies without understanding their meaning. Many are primitive and uncivilized savages in the untouched interior.

Third, South America contains the largest unoccupied mission fields in the world. Vast reaches of the interior are practically unexplored. Even the Roman Catholic emissaries have not penetrated these forests and jungles. Multitudes of the inhabitants have never heard the Gospel of Christ in any form.

Fourth, even among the educated descendants of the European settlers-most of them now of mixed race-materialism, atheism and low standards of morality prevail. The dominant aim of these lives is for money and pleasure. They have given up faith in God and agnosticism abounds in state educational institutions. Immorality is common, especially among the men, and from thirty to seventy-five per cent of the births are illegitimate.

Fifth, while the countries are all nominally Roman Catholic and, in most of them, the priests exercise a powerful influence, the people, as a whole, are not even enlightened Romnnists. They have, as a rule, received only the external forms of Romanism, without any understanding of the gospel message. The priests are influential but, to a large extent, are ignorant of the Bible. Many are openly intemperate and immoral. They oppose the reading of the Bible by their people and, where they have the power, create disturbances to prevent evangelical work. The spirit of the inquisition is still strong.

Sixth, while there are doubtless many true Christians in the

EDITORIAL COMMENT

Roman Catholic Church, the general influence of that Church is, unfortunately, toward bigotry, formalism, priestly autocracy, superstition and idolatry. There is a distinct separation between theoretical and practical religion. Attendance at mass and confessional is considered more important than truth, temperance, morality and brotherly kindness.

Seventh, while the Roman Catholic creed holds firmly to some Christian truths, in many important particulars it obscures or distorts the Gospel of the New Testament. The Virgin Mary, rather than Christ, is the center of worship; reverence for saints degenerates into idolatry; a babe and a dead Christ take the place of a living Christ; Romanism is largely a political cult and a philosophy; the Roman evangel is sacerdotal and symbolic rather than personal and practical.

There is the same reason for obeying the Great Commission of Christ by carrying His Gospel to Latin America as there is for carrying it to any other people where Jesus Christ is not known in His saving power-whether they be in Africa or India, in China or Turkey, in Europe or in North America. That the need exists in Latin America is clear to anyone with spiritual vision who knows the facts. The same results also follow where men and women accept the Gospel-their minds are enlightened, their characters are transformed, their homes are uplifted; their communities are benefited and they seek avenues of service. The Cross becomes, not a symbol, but a reality; the Bible becomes their guide, and Christ becomes their living Lord and Saviour. It is our hope that the study of Latin America will result in a better nnderstanding of the people and their need and will stimulate Christians to more intelligent, prayerful and sacrificial cooperation for their evangeli. zation and Christian education.

UNDERSTANDING OUR NEIGHBORS PROBABLY the greatest cause of strife among men is selfish- ness-a determination to have and to hold what men think to be to their personal advantage without due regard to the weI· fare of others. The remedy for this disease is control by the Spirit of Him who "came not to be ministered unto but to minister." The second great cause of strife is suspicion of the aims and motives of others. This leads to the adoption of plans and methods for selfdefense. This cause may usually be removed by contacts that promote sympathetic understanding between men of different classes and nations.

For years there has been a suspicion of the United States of America on the part of Latin Americans. An unfavorable impression has been made by the arrogance of many representatives of

American commercial houses., men who have not understood southern characteristics and customs and have given offence. North Americans have been looked upon as "dollar chasers" and their diplomacy as dollar diplomacy. Many South Americans have misunderstood the Monroe Doctrine. Some of the acts of the United States Government in relation to Panama, Colombia, Haiti, Santo Domingo, Cuba, Nicaragua and Mexico have been interpreted as selfish "big-stick diplomacy" and have increased the feeling of suspicion and fear.

In recent years the friendly relation between the United States and most of the Latin-American republics has been greatly improved. The visits of wise diplomats and cultured travelers; the work of many high-minded American missionary statesmen; candid and friendly newspaper articles and books and the work of the Pan- American Union, of various Pan-American conferences and of the Committee on Cooperation in Latin America have all contributed largely to this end. North Americans have learned to appreciate the intelligence, culture, ideals and difficulties of their southern neighbors. Ma'ny leading South Americans have come to realize that the majority of North Americans do not wish to dictate to the southern governments, to control their policies or to possess any of their territories, but to promote the peace and prosperity of all nations.

Bishop McConnell, the Methodist Episcopal Bishop having general oversight over the Methodist missions in Mexico, says: "The first step toward bringing the United States and the Latin- American countries into closer interdependence will be taken when larger numbers of our citizens deliberately make up their minds to seek to understand the peoples to the south of us. No one in their right mind would expect to understand foreign speech at first hearing. It is just as foolish to expect to understand the foreign thought, out of which the speech of the foreigner comes, without determined attempt to master that thought. Customs full of meaning to the people using them seem devoid of meaning to those who do not have the key to translation or interpretation. . . . Their proneness to revolution seems to show instability, callousness to human suffering, and the inert acceptance of the creed of fatalism. But more and more the Latin-Americans are showing themselves able to set their own houses in order and their criticism of themselves will do them much more good than any criticism from the outside."

It will not take any very deep or exhaustive study to discover the fineness of many South American traits, to sympathize with some of their failings, to understand the causes of illiteracy, of illegitimacy, of agnosticism that are all too prevalent. The promotion of friendliness and the manifestation of the spirit of Christ will greatly assist North American Christians in their efforts to share with Latin Americans the riche~ of the evangel of Christ.

Mission Stations Underlin ed – + Other~

Railroads Completed – – Raih'oads Projected . …

745

MISSIONARIES AT WORK IN MEXICO, CENTRAL AND SOUTH

(Figures Compiled from the World Missionary Atlas, 1925) Namw8 of SOcieties i~~c"B"ap~' fi. ~~O: ii 2 2 41 Am. Bible Society. 1 12 18 '2 5 A. B. C. F. llL…. 20 6 20 Am. Friends … ,. 7 13 Assemblies 0 f God. 3 4 'zi 5 26 35 AS800. Ref. Presby. 4 4 Bethel Pentecost. ~ 40 2 Bol. Indian '6 40 Brethren Chtnch .. Central Am. M …. 6 31 11 4 54 Ghr. & M. Alliance 3 30 's 18 i4 66 Dh. of Nazarene.. 3 6 28 Evan. Lutheran .. ii 2 Evan. Synod Mo.. . Gospel M. U…. . 7 7 3 Inland So. Am. . .. 6 "9 '9 20 9 Metn. Ep. No. … 31 70 38 Meth. Ep. So. .,. 65 8 32 89 30 304 Moravlans …… . &5 18 Nat!. Bapt. Conv.. 18 2 Orinoco River …. 2 7 7 Presby. U. S. …•• 24 63 Presby. U. S. A. " 31 ii 39 165 Prim. Methodist•.. 30 6 48 36 Prot. Epl,.. •.••• 6 4 4 17 San Pedro M .••.• 11 14 12 ~~~~~·D!~Il~".J~.:: iii 20 2 20 So. Ba!>t. Conv…. 15 4 1 2 7 8 10 32 10 63 18 76 4 275 11 109 2~ 5 163 Un. Cnrist. M. S. 17 11 8 36 Unit. Free Gosj}el. United Luth. 1 1 World S. S. Assoc. 2 "2 3 5 2 4 Y. M. C. A. …•• 7 i4. 2 IS '4 4 is 55 Y. W. C. A. •…• 2 Miscellaneous …. G 2 10 2 Z2 18 40 6 British & European 6 5 S 2 22 53 102 84 12 68 23 106 22 38 496 Canadian ……. . 'i 10 4 3 '5 13 18 "4 31 Local Societies ., 2 16 2 4 51 Totals …… 280 80 15 45 21. 44 22 40 95 76 102 46 114 118 513 182 329 50 71 2,243 746

Democracies

BY WEBSTER E. BROWNING, PH.D., F.R-G.S., MONTEVIDEO, URUGUAY Educational Secretary of the Committee on Cooperation in Latin-America. Author of "New Days in Latin-America," "Roman Christianity in Latin-America," Etc.

T ATIN-AMERICAN lands are the subject of study in the mission L classes of North America, so all that is related to the progress of these neighboring countries and peoples is of special interest. Their evolution in political science, in the building up of a free, national life, in the establishing of democratic principles as a basis for future political adventures especially attracts attention, since such a study may determine where the older and more firmly established democracy of the North may be of help in the solution of common problems.

Those who undertake a study of the present welter of world politics, in which no nation has distinguished itself because of absolutely pure ideals or freedom from corruption, will at once discover, perhaps with surprise, that the Latin nations of today show an unexpected tendency toward the disintegration of free government and a reversal to dictatorial rule.

Benito Mussolini, in Italy, is a somewhat more polished and modernized edition of the Cresars who from the same hills of Rome made a pretense of ruling in connection with the Roman Senate and people, and Primo de Rivera, in Spain, is but a shade more gentle in his methods than were the emissaries of those same Cresars who harried the Iberian peninsula for the benefit of their imperial masters. The Lusitanian republic, since t,he expulsion of Don Manuel, has been in a constant state of imminent or actual revolution, and even France, the oldest and sturdiest of Latin republics, has hardly recovered her usual equilibrium since the close of the World War.

If we turn to the Latin democracies of the New World, in which we are particularly interested, since they are our nearest neighbors and, at the time of gaining their freedom, very generously copied our Constitution and form of government, we find, at the close of 1924, that there is prevalent in them the same state of unrest and the same tendency to revert to military or dictatorial rule that distinguish the Latin countries of Europe.

Mexico, our nearest and somewhat restless neighbor to the South, has, for the first time in forty years, peacefully inaugurated a new President in the person of General Calles, his predecessors in the office having been shot into and out of power with an astounding rapidity that has bewildered friends of that nation.

The Central.American republics, especially Honduras, Nicaragua and Guatemala, have been the scene of frequent and bloody revolutions in recent years, while the Dominican Republic, Haiti, Cuba, and 747

Panama, in spite of all pretense to the contrary, are held in peaceful orbits only by the strong hand of the Government in Washington.

Among the ten great republics of South America, but few have escaped the contagion of this military virus and have maintained governments free of milit,ary influence. Brazil, with an immense territory which exceeds even that of the United States in area, is finding it increasingly difficult to maintain the authority of the Federal Government of Rio de .Taneiro in the states that lie along its far-finng border lines, and, within the year, revolution has struck at the very life of the nation in the populous commercial capital, Sao Paolo.

Paraguay, the Mesopotamia of South America, has but recently terminated its most recent revolntion, which lasted more than a year and produced serious economic disorders, and the fact that the American dollar is now worth sixty of the local corresponding unit of value indicates the financial disorganizations under which that government labors..

In Peru the Dictator-President has sent into exile a large number of the best citizens of that country, and, like the President of the neighboring republic of Bolivia, holds his seat only by the force of bared bayonets. Even Chile, which, for so many years, has been free from revolutionary troubles and was coming to be considered one of the most stable governments in Latin-America, has recently exiled its progressive President, Arturo Alessandri, and its political control, by a bloodless revolution, has passed into the hands of a military triumvirate which rules regardless of the terms of the Constitution.

Venezuela is still ruled by General .Tuan Vicente Gomez, as though the country wer~ his personal appanage, and Ecuador reports oooasional revolts against the constituted government in Quito which are fomented by the defeated and discredited clerical party.

Only three of the ten republics of South America-Argentina. Colombia and Uruguay-are now altogether free from the spirit of unrest and able peacefully to develop their national life and institutions.

CAUSES OF UNREST The above facts, though distressing, are presented as a condition rather than to advance a theory or point a moral. Because of the interest of our own citizens in all that affects the other American democracies, an interest which has been so often expressed by our Presidents and Secretaries of State, we can but inquire into the causes that lie back of this political unrest and retard the development by these Latin republics of stable and progressive government free from military interference.

A number of these causes lie very near the surface and may be discovered by even the casual observer. The "curse of the tropics" operates mightily against many of these countries, since torrid heat and a dolce far niente attitude toward life, produced by the gener-

LATIN DEMOG'RACIES

OUS provisions by Nuture of all its neeel:ll:lities, create but little interest in this or that form of government so long as those in power impose no tasks that demand an unusual show of energy. The lack of communication between coast settlements and the great interior, and the consequent retarding of the development of natural resources, which gives contact with other peoples and civilization, has also held back otherwise progressive peoples. An unusually large Jndian population in a number of countries, such as Bolivia, Peru, FJcuador, Guatemala and Mexico, has been as a millstone about the necks of these struggling young nationalities, since this population is scarcely more than semi-civilized and cares but little what form of government is over them so long as they are left unmolested on their ancestral acres.

Then, there is the constant need of funds to maintain the numerous military organizations which seriously saps the sources from which should come the necessary financial backing for the development of other and more elevating branches of government. The breaking up of the vast dominions of Spain in ultramar into a large number of small nationalities, in order to satisfy the ambitions of aspiring military chieftains, has made it necessary to keep alive the. martial spirit in order to protect the many frontiers and bolster up national dignities. This is especially true in Central America, whose six republics have a total area considerably less than that of our greatest state, and whose combined population does not equal that of our largest city.

It must be confessed, too, and with certain humiliation of spirit, that our own people and government have not been entirely free from aiding the other Americans in their efforts to keep alive their warlike tendencies, although it has been done under the cloak of friendship. An International Conference on Disarmament was celebrated in our own capital, yet hardly had its echoes died down when military or naval commissions had been appointed to this or that country for the purpose of instructing- the local army or naval organizationsand, it may be supposed, for the added purpose of securing contracts for the sale of armanent to meet the new exigencies.

As a result of the work of one such commission, Brazil now reports a naval program for 1925 which demands a budget of $80,- 000,000, and Argentina, spurred to action by this alarming example, has also projected a program of naval and army expenditures far in excess of what would otherwise have been considered necessary.

But, aside from the above reasons which are apparent to even the casual observer of the economic situation in these countries, there are at least two others which lie a little farther down and which many investigators might not care to discuss. They require more careful handling, in order not to wound sensitive susceptibili-

ties, and would generally be omitted from a catalogue of the influences that retard the progress of a nation.

In the first place, the lack of instruction among the masses of the Latin-American republics has made impossible a close approach to real democracy in government. The proud boast of ancient Athens was that anyone of its citizens was prepared to preside over its destinies. In the average Latin-American republic, the Presidency remains within a small circle of related families who form the cream of the wealthy and educated class of society, save when this power is wrested by some military chieftan who has been successful on the field of battle.

The intellectual inheritance received from Spain, three fourths of whose population is even today illiterate, has weighed heavily in producing and continuing this condition. During the colonial period, the court in Madrid and the Viceroy and his officers on the field were strongly opposed to the wide dissemination of learning and the republics, now completing a century of life, have not been able to overcome t~e handicap thus acquired. Charles Fourth declared, "It is inexpedient to educate the Americans," and one of the generals in Colombia wrote to a subordinate, "Do there what I have done in Nueva Granada, cut off the head of everyone who knows how to read and write and thus will be accomplished the pacification of America."

The present school systems, which, on paper, are models of the art, and are often productive of excellent results, especially in the large cities, are not the result of public sentiment created to foster them, nor are they founded on the ideal of intelligent citizenship. They have been imposed, almost by force, by liberal governments who with utter loyalty have sought to lift up their people by means of education, but their efforts have been largely neutralized by the inherited indifference to education and by the ever-watchful and vigorous opposition of the dominant hierarchy to any law that would tend to educate the youth of the land away from its power and influence.

Today, the most optimistic statistics show that at least 75% of the entire population of Latin-America is illiterate, the most advanced republic reporting that 38.8% of its people are analphabets and this figure steadily rises until in the most belated countries it reaches 95%.

It is evident that with an enormous army of analphabets, no country can attain to the dignity of intelligent self-government and that its masses will be easily led by this or that pretender to power and come to be but fodder for his cannon or quivering flesh for the thrust of his bayonet. Moreover, the instruction given lacks on the moral side and the development of character becomes impossible. The best educators

LATIN DEMOCRACIES

are exclaiming that while they can produce well-prepared professionals, they can not turn out good citizens, and students themselves are lamenting the lack of a place for the inculcation of moral principles in the programs of study offered them.

THE ROMAN HIERARCHY In the sooond place, as has been suggested in former paragraphs, these young nationalities have been obliged to struggle against the powerful influence of a strongly intrenched hierarchy which has unceasingly combatted the principles of democracy and endeavored to force on the people a superior allegiance to the man who sits in his palace on the banks of the Tiber.

Every student of political science, in any land, who has approached the study with an unbiased mind, has found that the Roman Catholic hierarchy is a powerful solvent of state loyalty. In no group of free nations has this influence been exercised to such an extent or with such deadening results as in ihe Latin-American republics. Its sympathies are always anti-democratic, as shown by the attitude of the Vatican in the WorId War and in the succeeding conferences on reconstruction. Sometimes, as in Ireland, it contents itself with setting group against group. In others, as in most of the Latin republics, it maintains its own political party, known as such, which is openly generalled by its leaders. Its legionaries are well trained and are able to form a strong block which may long resist all efforts at democratization of the masses through the medium of instruction in the schools or the dissemination of patriotic ideals. An Italian priest, under the guise of a spiritual Cresar, still very seriously influences the religious thought of Latin-America and his empire, more potent and more extended than was that of the Cresars who ruled over pagan Rome, has very naturally come into open and continued conflict with the principles of democracy and has retarded progress toward self-government.

Some of these countries have emancipated themselves from the power of this hierarchy, after years of constant struggle, and some of the most ad~anced, as Uruguay and Mexico, no longer tolerate the interference of this church in matters of the state. They have, in the judgment of many students of the world situation, successfully terminated the struggle which is but beginning in the United States, a struggle which has been fought or which is yet to be fought between the hierarchy of this church and every country which pretends to free government by its own people.

Some who read this statement will, no doubt, deny its truth. But a careful rereading of history may be convincing and awaken a deeper interest in the preliminary skirmishes which are now being witnessed in the United States, as this carefully drilled ecclesiastical

TllE JI1RSLONARY J1,BVIEW OF TUE WORLD

army jockeys for position to begin its real battle for supremacy over our free institutions.

The present political position in Latin republics is pointed out in no spirit of criticism, but rather to indicate the difficulties which have beset these young nationalities in their struggle to implant democratic government. The situation is far from hopeless, since one who is familiar with the history of these same peoples during the period of the colonies and at the time of their emancipation from Spain or Portugal can only wonder at the great distanee already traversed, and the successes already gained eonstitute a basis of optimism for the future.

One of the most cheering of present-day conditions is the increasing confidence with which the "other Americans" look to the great Nordic republic for help in the solution of their problems. 'Phe distrust and suspicion of a quarter of a century ago have partly disappeared, in spite of our own diplomatic errors and the efforts of a few of their own writers to awaken opposition to what they are pleased to term our imperialistic tendencies. The great mass of Latin-Am'ericans are hopeful of our good will and intentio]1s toward them and, in all their plans. for the future, no other country is so often cited as. an example which they are endeavoring to follow.

This fact is of special interest to all who are interested in the missionary program of the Evangelical churches as it has been projected into those lands. And so long as that program is. carried forward in a spirit of helpfulness, with due recognition of existing values, and with a complete absence of the holier-than-thou attitude, it will be recognized and accepted as a generous contribution to those means which will help forward the evolution of these republics into real democracies, governments of the people and by the people and for the people. The Christian program for Latin-America should stress the application of religion to the solution of present-day problems. Mysticism has received great emphasis in the past, has had its. day, and has given but scant results in the production of Christ-like character. The higher forms of altruistic service are yet to be learned, without which no people can be great. The average"citizen of Latin- America has but little interest in dogmatic religion or in ecclestical controversy. But he is attracted by the personality of Jesus Christ and hungers for a virile interpretation of His message which would go far to cleanse present customs and lead these young nations into the full light of liberty as it is in Him. To give such a helpful interpretation of Christianity is to be the task of the Evangelical churches of North America.

ITEMS ABOUT SOUTH

T HERE are more ordained Protestant clergymen in the state of Iowa than in all South America, Mexico and Oentral America. In most of the ten republics of South America, a Protestant missionary could have a city and many towns for his exclusive parish. ,~ Millionsof .Indians and-othernafivepeoples in Latin America have not been reached by the Christian message and are as pagan as any in the heart of Africa.

Startling irreverence of expression is common in these "reli- gious" countries. One sees such ~igns as "Butcher Shop of the Holy Spirit"; "Furniture Shop of the Saviour"; mineral water named " Jesus Water"; and cigarettes dedicated to Jesus.

Of the one million people in Buenos Aires there are probably only a few hundred men on any given Sunday at religious services.

Drink has nearly wiped out the Indians in many parts of South America. In Valparaiso, Chile, there is one saloon for every 24 men. With a population of 140,000, more cases of drunkenness were reported in one year than in all London with 5,000,000 souls.

There are over six million Africans among the thirty millions of people in Brazil, and many of them are the crudest type of Negro on the American hemisphere.

The Amazon RiYer system has over 50,000 miles of navigable waterway, equal to twice around the earth. It can be navigated for 2,500 miles by ocean steamers.

South America has the largest unexplored area of any continent. Brazil is larger than Europe or the continental United States. Peru could comfortably swallow California, Oregon, Washington, Nevada, Arizona, Utah and Idaho. Fifteen million ounces of silver annually come from South America's mines. This would make more than seventeen million silver dollars. The hills of South America are also seamed with gold. A million immigrants a year were pouring into South America before the war. They came from Italy, Spain, Germany, England, Holland, Scandinavia, Portugal, China, J'apan and India. In Peru and Ecuador, only 1 person in 17 is white; nearly three quarters are Indian, the rest are Chinese and mixed. Not one third of South America's poplliation is of pure white blood. Thirty-eight out of every 100 persons you meet in Mexico are Indians, and 43 are of mixed bloods. The only Protestant mission work being done among the 50,000 Araucanians, descendants of the aboriginal Indian races, is that of the South American Missionary Society. The Panama Canal cuts off 6,250 miles of the sea route from New York to Oallao; 3,747 miles from the route to Valparaiso. It brings Liverpool 4,043 miles nearer to the port city of Peru.

753 2

CHARACTERISTICS OF SOUTH AlIIERICAN COUNTRIES""

South America, the Dark Horse among the Continents. Twice the area of the U. S. A. Annual foreign commerce has donbled in the last ten years. Possible growth during the next c,entury staggers prophecy.

Colombia, the Republic of Two Seas-Borders on the Carribean Sea on the north and the Atlantic Ocean on the west. It is an awakening republic with enormous resources which have, as yet, scarcely begun to be developed.

Ecuador, R€public of the Ji]quator. Furnishes ivory nuts for buttons for a third of the human race. Most of the population is Indian.

Peru, Land of the Sun. Central Railway leads up the Andes to a height of almost sixteen thousand feet, the highest point of any railroad in the world. Lima, called the Paris or the South, has a great uni- versity which was aged before the Pilgrim Fathers reached New England.

Bolivia, the Roof of the Continent. Highest inhabited country in Western Hemisphere. Ten degrees from equator but colder than Maine.

Chile, the Shoestring RepUblic. Extends north and south as far as from New York to San Francisco; is as narrow as Lake Erie. Chileans are the Yankees of South America. A chain of wireless stations stretches from the tropical north to the Antarctic south.

Argentina, the Melting Pot of the South. More than half of the people are foreign born-Italians, Spaniards, l<-'rench, and other nationali- ties. Buenos Aires is one of the most cosmopolitan cities in the world.

Brazil, the Giant Republic. IJarger than all of the United States (ex- cluding Alaska). More unexplored land than in all the rest of the world. The Amazon can carry the greatest ocean steamers as far as from New York to Omaha, Nebraska.

Venezuela, the Neglected Republic. Low lands, tropical climate and other characteristics make this land one of the most difficult in the Continent.

Uruguay, the Modernist Republic. 'fhe smallest but perhaps the most modern of South American republics-aggressive education, in- dustries, politics, and rationalism.

Paraguay, the Backward Republic. Has the fewest Protestants and shows least progress of any South American lands. Most of the able-bodied men were killed in the struggle of ltl[j5 to 1870.

The Guianas, the Foreign Colonies of South America. Controlled by England, Holland, and France.

• RevLsed from The Work! Ou/100k.

754

IN COLOMBIA CARRYING THE IMAGE OF THE VIRGiN IN A

PROCESSION—GUARDED BY SOl,DIERS OF THE STATE Latin American Reaction to the Gospel BY REV. J. H. McLEAN, SANTIAGO, CHILE 'TIS Missionary of the Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions an oft recurring tale that in Latin America as in Athens so many centuries ago, when the Gospel has been preached , 'some mocked," others said, ' ,We will hear thee again," "howbeit some clave unto the preacher and believed." Such is the outcome of evangelism this wide world over during the Christian era.

The universality of Christ's Gospel docs not imply either its uniform presentation or its acceptance among all peoples for, when we undertake to obey the great Commission, we must venture in bold· faith to go straight to the citadels of unbelief and trust in the vivifying Spirit. Paul varied his approach according to the predilections of his hearers without altering the basic appeal. In this he was a true and wise follower of his Lord. The evangelist of modern days is sagacious if he first take cognizance of special difficulties which are presented to hearers of the Word in other lands. What is "foolishness" to one national group is a "stumbling-block" to another.

There are several serious obstacles which check access to the Latin-American heart, mind and will. The average Latin-American is not favorably disposed toward the Gospel as presented by the Anglo-Saxon. Why 1 In a large number of cases simply because he will not come to the Son of God for life in its fulness. In this 755

'I'HE MISS]OKAHY H.EVIEW or TIlE WOHLD

respeet he is merely hUlllan. This spiritmd phenomenon is for tho consideration of theologians.

But the missionary, zealous in his effort to win his brethren for Christ, finds his way barred by stubborn, ingrained prejudices, by apathy and by open scorn. Prejudices are embittered memories seeking vengeance; indifference is passive hostility; mockery is gleeful contempt. All have their rootage in the misfortunes of the past and due allowance must be made for inherited tendencies in every Latin-American.

To the Iberian descendant of the speculative Greeks, the plan for man's salvation still appears supreme folly. Are not psychology and ethics sufficient for the advanced thinker in the regulation of his conducU Is there any argument for religion besides the pragmatic one~ Do strong minds need to postulate a God~ (The two latter questions are thus baldly proposed for discussion in one of our older colleges. The answer in Latin-America would be almost unanimously "No !") Many cultured Latiu-Americans believe that educated meh and women can dispense with religion entirely; they rely solely on the regulative power of philosophy and a general prudential policy. What is socially acceptable and profitable must be right under the Southern Cross.

This frontal attack on Christian norms and sanctions is not, by any means, confined to Latin-America but its peril is aggravated by other points of view which accompany it in the continent south of us.

The Latin-American who reads extensively is suspicious of the Monroe Doctrine, Pan Americanism, commercial expansion and loans from U. S. banks, because he regards them as ominous preludes to a general policy of imperialistic absorption of weaker states by the mightiest, wealthiest and most aggressive.

Try as hard as he may, he cannot dissociate the American missionary from these predatory designs which he alleges against United States corporations. While he admits that international trade is bound to produce debtor and creditor nations, that the biological urge results in grasp of raw material and multiplied purchasers, he bewails the fact that his own fellow countrymen are the debtors, the purveyors of commodities for other lands and the buyers of foreign manufactured articles.

Modern commercialism is a juggernaut for which the Christian Church has yet accepted only a trifling share of moral responsibility; it is manifestly unfair to saddle the onus of its crushing and ruthless advance upon the innocent herald of glad tidings through Christ.

Rather ought those who cavil to remember that their bankers, mine owners, producers and general promoters, as well as their impoverished congresses, are continually besieging the treasuries of

LA'l'IN AMERICAN REAC'rION '1'0 'l'HE GOSPEL

countries which have large balances of capital as a result of industry, thrift, education and democratic government.

The average Latin-American has every reason to associate the nomenclature of Christianity with the grotesque parodies of Romanism. He lives in daily contact with men and women whose religion is blind and supine submission to priestcraft. Among his circle of friends are devout souls who would prefer to believe in a spectacular miracle rather than in preventive, thoughtful, obedient faith, who would rather visit a famous shrine than consult a reputable and skilful physician. Consequently the plain Biblical terms for religious experience connote either mysticism or slavish obedience to self-constituted authority. In avoiding Scylla he is wrecked on Charybdis or he may take refuge in the curreut verdict: "AU religion is charlatanism!"

Dr. Ernesto Nelson of Buenos Aires writes: "I will go so far as to state here that a sort of suspicion lingers about a church man, for people know that loyalty to the Catholic Church does not always mean loyalty to what is just and right. "

Another recoil comes from every Latin-American when he hears the names of God, Jesus and the Holy Spirit employed in a familiar setting to denote personal fellowship. He can blink the use of divine titles in blasphemy or on shop signs, he can smile complacently when the saints are invoked for trivial aid, but he finds it hard to conceive of direct and intimate dealings with the Almighty. It smacks of irreverence and presumption, because such names have had their immemorial use within sacred precincts by men arrayed in churehly garb. In Latin-America as elsewhere, vain repetitions of names lightly spoken have robbed them of their pristine sanctity until they become incongruous.

Why hold such vehement discussions over the accidents and nonessentials of Christianity~ This is another common difficulty in Latin countries. The ideal of catholicity appeals strong~y to all. Some dogmatists believe it has already been attained in their own confessions and prescriptions. The Latin-American has a fine appreciation of what vital Christian belief and conduct ought to be. He commends it-in others. But the confusion of the average man is best indicated by three descriptive names of three sects: "Big wash," "Little wash," " No wash at all. " Nobody has yet explained away sectarianism. While thousands perish on every hand for lack of knowledge, how can the followers of Christ waste their precious opportunity by quibbling over minor matters of interpretation?

Recently a representative South Americlln bluntly advised all North Americans to remain at home until the warring sections of evangelicals were reconciled.

He reminds us of another of the same kin who has been advocating an intensive work at home before foreign missions are attempted.

Nothing can supplant the plain dictum of Jesus: "The field is the world!"

Finally, the Latin-American suffers a serious handicap because he has known so few exponents of New Testament Ohristianity. On his list of bosom friends he carries few who are living epistles-men of letters, scientists, publicists, bankers, business leaders, whose in· tegrity is unquestioned, whose ability is universally recognized and whose successful careers may be emulated by youth.

Protestantism points with pride to Gladstone, Bright, Garfield, Agassiz, Dawson, Wanamaker, Hopkins, Ooulter, Wilson and an innumerable host of illustrious Ohristians. Evangelical communities are undergirt by the parents and homes that are the bulwark of society. Men of brains avow their dedication to Ohrist-President Ooolidge joins the Oongregational Ohurch and publicly avows allegiance to his Saviour and Lord.

The appeal to become disciples is not in the air; it is not fashionable especially among university students. There are no modern crusaders who are organized for Ohristian conquest, no student volunteer hands. Jesus Christ in Latin-America may be anything or everything except Saviour, Master and Overlord. Latin-American students, in conclave, have never cabled their North American brethren " Make Jesus King!"

In Latin-America, even after a half century of evangelical missions, "there are many adversaries." For this reason we bespeak the faithful intercession of all who pray for the Kingdom of God on earth.

LATIN AMERICAN PROTESTANT MISSIONARY STATISTlcst Foreign ReB/- (Jom- (]huroh Mis- dent Oommu- SiM- Sta- No-tive muni- In Plty8i- Treat- aries tion8 nily SOhMl8 CianIJ ments Oountry Btafl Churohes cantil 32,499 12,724 13 65,765 Mexico …. – …….. 2B(} 67 680 272 24,042 10,455 8·72 2 7,464 BGru.atHeomndaulaia~':::::: : *120 80 21 158 48 6,238 1,723 184 Honduras ……. -., 1,727 245 Salvador ……….. 15 9 47 23 1,197 1,003 Nicaragua ………. 10,708 1,46'7 45 17 42 36 1,350 1,019 55 1 100 Costa Rica ……… 5,170 Panama ………… 21 9 32 21 953 3,567 551 1 Colombia ……….. 938 Ecuador ……….. 44 15 ]28 46 3,861 158 Venezuela ………. 1,819 358 22 10 20 ]5 701 89,375 23,4,70 Br. Guiana 26,029 57 19 36 47 3,665 4,568 3,439 Dutch Guiana …… 3,222 Peru ………….. 40 10 74 10 538 438 1,092 101,454 11,568 Bolivia …………. 46 13 8 5 118 2,334 11,551 1,571 Brazil, ….. , .. " … 95 24 57 16 ],371 11,341 Chile ………….. 99 76 2] 382 120 23,761 1 116 Argentina ………. Paraguo,y* ……… 102 12 165 68 7.301 1,321 Uruguay ……….. 91 32 3,908 114 21 1 1,688 1 3,732 118 20 15 11 323 4 14,941 513 120 713 732 69,147 4,753 13,500 182 31 242 128 6,041 300 329 74 224 139 8,890 50 9 JO 4 1 71 10 25 18 868 .. Incomplete returns. t From the "World Missionary Atlas,"

AREAS AND

Square M ile;f Approximate Populations South America United States I of America Africa China I 380,000,000 330,000,000 India I Figures taken from the Statesman's Year Eook THE GROWTH OF EVANGELICAL MISSIONS IN I..,ATIN AMERICA -= Black numbers in 1903. = Black and shaded numbers in 1924.

Mission Stations 334 559 Missionaries 1438 3249 Communicants 132,388 368,228 Adherents ~ 387,000 785,000 Figures taken from the new World Missionury Atlas

A Japanese Missionary in

The interesting story of Mr. Midori Kobayashi and his work for Japanese in Sao Paulo, Braziv O NE of the most remarkable demonstrations of the way the seed of the Gospel grows is found in the work done by a Japanese Christian among the Japanese in Brazi1. Midori Kobayashi was educated in one of the Congregational mission schools in Japan, under the well known missionary, Dr. Otis Cary. This young Japanese later came to the United States and took some theological courses in Auburn Theological Seminary. Hearing of the colonies of Japanese rapidly forming in Brazil, he was deeply impressed with their need for the Gospel. Not being able to find' anymis·sion board that would send him out he sought employmeut, saved sev.eralhundred dollars and, after consulting with the office of the Committee on Cooperation in Latin-America, in 1921 he de- cided that he would go to Brazil, at his own expense, hoping to find further support among his people in Brazil. Two years later the pastors of the churches in Sao Paulo told of the wonderful work that }Je was doing among the Japanese. God has so blessed this work that the Portuguese pastors have recently formed themselves into a society for missions among the Japanese in Brazil.

There are about forty thousand Japanese in Brazil, principally in the state of Sao Paulo. They have come as colonists, invited by the Republic of Brazil, which has made a treaty with Japan along these lines and it is expected that the colony will grow considerably. A letter recently received from Mr. Kobayashi tells something of the work. He writes: "Our Sunday-school is going on so splendidly as we almost can not carry it on in the present small room. It must be more than a miracle to realize the truth which was spoken by our Lord, Jesus Christ: 'Seek ye first His kingdom and His righteousness, and all these things shall be added unto you. ' When I left New York for South America, I made up my mind to start my missionary work in Brazil without any help from men, but believing in God. As soon as I arrived in Sao Paulo I used the Japanese newspaper, published in this city, the director of which is a Japanese Christian. I opened a night school for the ,Japanese young men and began a Sunday.school for chihll'en.

All these works have already been continued through these three lines. r made a missionary tour of about foul' thousand miles in this country, visiting almost all of the main Japanese colonies in Brazil. I was heartily welMme and they willingly listened to me as they knew my name through the Japanese paper. I found rich fields for missionary work. Some ones asked me Sible:;; and others offered money for our church building. Is this not wonderful ¥ My practical experience is convincing me of the truth which our Lord speaks through the Bible. This religious experience is the unique thing which is 760 necessary for our Christian life. We must testify the truth of Gospel through our life to the world!

"I have been greatly moved by the miserable educational condition of the Brazilian communities in the interior. Generally our country people 'very earnestly desire their children's education and many of them asked me to take care of their children. Then I told them, as soon as I realized one house, I would do for them my best about tllis matter. This kind of work is one of the ~ost important in missionary work. Now I am praying, day and night, to be given one larger house. Just I am afraid that the Buddhists may begin it before we start with it, and it may be repeated the same thing as in Hawaii and U. S. A. Christian friends in Japan and in the United States are now offering to help this work in Brazil and my younger sister, now studying in a normal school in Japan, may come out here with my whole family. I believe surely that I can hring good fruits before God if I can get a house!"

A JAPANESE SUNDAY-SCHOOL IN BRAZIL, FOUNDED BY A JAPANESE Mr. Kobayashi i~ standing at the righ t ~ide baCk. The man next to him is Dr. Ellezer dos Santos Sa.lah'a, the pres ident of the Sunday-scnool ot th e Presbyte ri an Church in Sao Pau lo :Mr, Kobayashi tells his own story thus: " I am a graduate of Auburn Theological Seminary in May of 19Z1. As soon as I graduated from the seminary I came down to New York City, intending to go forth for my message in South 'America. I felt that the Lord was calling me to here to take part of His work among the Japanese over here. No doubt, it must be the best change for us at now, because there has been no church and no missionary worker for them—even the wise Buddhists have not started with their work yet here.

"In the beginning, I wished to work as a missionary of the Presbyterian Board, because I knew the pioneer work in the new field was very hard, especially in financial way. But the answer of the board could not do anything for my purpose. Then I prayed and prayed to God until I made up my mind to stand up by my own feet, taking a shovel in one hand and the Bible in the other, So I took a little job in New York for my travel expenses for South until the end of November. I was greatly blessed by God with the ' necessary staff' by the job, and I left tlilm for my message in South America,-qnder the guidance of the Almighty.

"I came here (to Sao Paulo ) as an independent worker and did not get any help, except only from one man wIlD gave me $100 when I was going to leave New York-the man was Yasukata M:Ul'ai, the general manager of Morimura Brothers in New York. He gave me the money with earnest

prayers and he encouraged me with his all hearts. But I have not touched the money yet, because it is too precious to be spent for my own e:s:pense. I am intending to use it for our church building.

"When I landed in this country, I was given a very good impression; in its climate, the great nature, the good people and so forth. But I felt great surprise and responsibility when I saw the miserable condition of our countrymen that had no spiritual worker among them. Then I right away started with my work in the three ways as follows: "1. The propaganda of the Gospel by the Japanese newspaper which is published in tbis city of Sao Paulo, entering myself into the company.

"2. The Sunday school. The characteristic is really cosmopolitan, and the teaching language is only Brazilian but not Japanese.

"3. The night school. 1 am teaching easy English and my helper is taking up Portuguese course. There are many young Japanese who want to study English in here.

"It is several months since I have been here, but my work is going on wonderfully! Couldn't you see God is working with me ~ The fact of the existence of God and His power? When I left New York I did not know anything but I believed His promises, and He did so to me as I am seeing it at present. My work is so prosperous as we feel of great need of a big enough building in which we can carryon our works. Again 1 am praying to God so that the necessary house may be given to us !

"As I have written above, I started with my work as an independent, but from the beginning the Presbyterian Church of sao Paulo entirely welcomed me and offered to cooperate with my work. Every Sunday the church is helping my work, sending several teachers. Moreover, Rev. Mathatias Gomes dos Santos, the pastor of the Presbyterian church, has offered me to help my work, supplying 50 'mil reis' every month. Therefore, now my work is one branch of the Presbyterian Church. And I am going to be ordained in the church as soon as I master the Portuguese.

"I offer my hearty thanks to God for I could find my message over here! My younger brother arrived here from Japan to help me and is studying the colonial work in Iguage, the biggest Japanese colony in Brazil. Rev. Mathatias and I are intending to organize a Sunday school in 19uage colony pretty soon, and other two three colonies have asked me to extend our hands over them.

"Today one old Japanese visited me from Boriby colony (which takes about one day trip by tren from here) and appealed for work among them too. He said, 'There are about 100 or more Japanese children but there is no school at all.' Brazil is too big and too new, as a whole, to be civilized right away.

"1 wish to appeal to American Christians to help this work, especially for the church building in Sao Paulo. We need now about ten thousand dollars and I have a conviction that I can collect half of the money here. The other half may come from America.

"Please pray for me so that 1 can be faithful to our Lord until my death!

1[ours very truly, MinoR! KOBAYASHf."

God Is Working in Latin-America

BY REV. J. L. HART, TEMUCO, CHILE Missionary of the Southern Baptist Convention L ATIN-AMERICA is in the limelight. There was a time when we thought of it as a continent of revolutions. Today Latin- America is progressing as the United States of North America did in the last century. It is rapidly becoming the dumping ground for the over-plus population of many European and Asiatic countries. A distinguished Japanese diplomat on being asked where their overplus population was going, replied: "To Latin-America."

Many American tourists are surprised at what they see in the Southern Continent. They find themselves in large modern cities and among cultured and highly civilized people. They naturally ask: "Why send missionaries here 7"

On one occasion a friend said to me: "Buenos Aires is like New York, these people are a great commercial and· cultured folk, why send missionaries to them 1" "Did you expect to find savages here~" I asked. " No," he replied, "but I did not think the Latin-Americans were as civilized and as cultured as I find them to be. They are in many respects more cultured than we." "Quite true," I replied, "but did civilization save you ~" "No, Jesus saved me," he replied. The world's war proved that civilization and culture do not change the human heart. While in the interior of many Latin-American republics the majority of the people are illiterate; yet in the big centers like Buenos Aires and Santiago we find people as cultured, as civilized, and as well educated as we will find anywhere. And yet, they need the Gospel because of their spiritual i,gnorance. Roman Catholicism is their religion. We must distinguish between Roman Catholicism and Roman Catholics. We may love Roman Catholics and yet hate Roman Catholicism. If we loved the people more we would win more for Christ. Roman Catholicism has two conceptions of Jesus Christ. First, that of a babe in his mother's arms. The famous madonnas are the marvel of all who visit the old galleries of Europe and the despair of the artist who tries to copy them. As objects of art, they are wonderful, but as objects of worship, they only hide the true Christ from the worshiper. Thank God Jesus did come to Bethlehem as a babe, but thank God He is not there now. I shall never forget the impression made on me as I read in big letters this inscription: "The church of the baby God." No wonder there is no dynamic in 763

Romanism, when their God is a baby. The other conception of Roman Catholicism has of Christ, is that of a dead Christ. There is no salvation in a dead Christ. Paul says, "If Christ be not risen then is our preaching vain and your faith is also vain."

In the city of Santa Fe, Argentina, a little girl about fourteen years of age, a member of the church where I was to preach, worked in one of the richest and most cultured homes of that town. She was very anxious for the lady of the house in which she worked to hear me preach. She was a very tactful girl and did not invite her mistress to go to an Evangelical church nor to preaching, but she told her a gentleman from the United States was in town and would deliver a lecture that night. The lady's curiosity was aroused. We were surprised that night when a handsome automobile drove up, a Japanese chauffeur opened the door and a beautiful lady stepped from her automobile into the hall. As she entered she showed surprise at the environment in which she found herself, but she took a seat determined to see what was going on. As I saw her come in I asked God to give me a message to her. That night I had planned -to speak to the members of the church, but I now had an unusual opportunity. For in Latin-America, as in Corinth, not many mighty, not many noble come to hear us preach. As the congregation sang I continued in prayer, asking that the Lord would give me the message that the lady needed. I read the third chapter of Jolm and took a message from its marvelous teachings. 'While I was speaking I noticed tears come into the lady's eyes and she was listening with increasing interest. The services closed; the congregation dispersed; the native pastor and I lingered for a few moments praying for our unexpected visitor. That night I spent in the native pastor's home and early the next morning I heard a knock at the door. Thinking it was the native pastor I shouted: "Come in." 'fhe door opened and in walked the lady of the evening before. The situation was a little embarrassing: but she relieved it by saying, "I know you think I am crazy but I want to talk to you."

"Certainly, come in," I said. "I haven't closed my eyes tonight," she said, "and I would have been here long ago but I dared not wake you so early. Now I must talk this thing through with you." "With pleasure," I said. "Have a scat and tell me what is on your heart." As she began to ask questions I took my New Testament and answered her from God '8 'Word. "Ve talked on until twelve 0 'clock. I had forgotten about breakfast. I had forgotten my unwashHd face and uncombed hair as the soul struggled toward the light. Finally we knelt together and I lifted my voice to God and asked Him to save that woman. I then asked her if she wanted to pray. Her hands instinctively felt for her string of beads around her

!l25j 1I0' nOl) IN WOHKfNG 11 L.'I'I:-.1 .U[}i:lU('A 7G5

neck. I said" No, 110t that. Is there Hot something in your heart you wish to say to God ~" There was a silence for a few moments and then in a broken voice she prayed her :first real prayer, asking God to save her soul and to make Himself known to her. As we rose r noticed her face stained with tears but there was a new radiance in it and a new light in her eyes. She extended me her hand and looked me in the eye and said: "Now I know that Jesus saves." That is what all Latin-America needs to know.

What Paul says in Romans is just what has happened all over Latin-America. They have changed the truth of God into a lie and worship the creature instead of the Creator. Mary is their goddess. Her image has always a prominent place in every home and in every church. The city of Santiago surrounds the beautiful mountain of San Cristobal. On the top of this mountain is the large statue of Mary. Lighted up by strong electric reflectors at night it is a beautiful sight and can be seen for miles away. Come with me if you will on the eighth day of December (the date of the declaration of the dogma of immaculate conception) and you will see many men, women, and boys going up that hill, many on their knees and everyone with a candle. When they reach the statue all fall on their knees and light their candle. So many candles have been burned in front of this statue that there is a stream of melted wax from the top far down the hill. This idolatry is similar to that practiced in many pagan lands.

A few miles from Buenos Aires on a western railroad is the town of Lujan. It is said that on one occasion when hauling was done with ox carts, a certain ox cart reached a place in this town where the oxen refused to move. They were viciously goaded by their drivers but still they would not go on. Some one suggested the load was too heavy. Many of the boxes were removed and it was soon found that as soon as a certain box was removed the oxen went on. The box was opened and there was found to be in it an image of Mary. Que Milagro/ (What a miracle!) The priest said that they must build a home for the statue on the spot. It was done. The image is known as the Virgin of Lujan. Today there is on that site a magnificent temple and before the image of Mary are jewels and gifts valued at many millions of dollars. Pilgrimages are conducted to this shrine from all parts of Argentina but chiefly from Buenos Aires, as many as a hundred thousand going there in a single day. Argentina, with all her culture and progress, falls at the feet of an idol just as does the poor savage in the African jungles.

Professor Edward J. Ross well says: "The Latin-American does not lack brains. They are capable of great development and they are developing rapidly. Will they develop spirituallyf" That de~ pends on what Evangelical Christianity in the United States will do towards giving them the Gospel. Latin-America is our :field and

our greatest opportunity. It is my honest conviction that the quickest way to evangelize the Orient is to evangelize Latin-America so that she may help us to do the big job. The African will never help evangelize Latin-America but Latin-America can help us to evangelize Africa. Wherever the Gospel has been known and accepted in Latin-America there are Christians with apostolic evangelical zeal. No sooner is one converted than like Andrew of old he goes out after his brother. Most of the new mission stations have been opened because some native Christian has gone to a certain place and begun telling of his new-found joy in Jesus, and when others become interested a missionary is urged to come and explain the way more fully. 'Ve often find a group of converted people ready to be baptized and organized into a church.

One Sunday afternoon a poor fellow put a revolver in his pocket and was going out of town to kill himself when he was met by one of the members of the First Baptist Church, of Rosarios, Argentina, who handed him a tract. He was desperate because as a result of his sins he had buried seven babies and the eighth was then a corpse at home.. He took the paper, spit on it, and threw it on the ground. The man who handed him the tract smiled and said, "You don't think you could hurt that paper, do you7" Jose Fernandez (for such is his name) looked up and said, "What did you give me that paper fod" "Because I am interested in you," was the reply. "You interested in me 1 Not even God cares for me." "Yes He does. And I gave you a tract that tells you of God's love. It has an invitation to come to our services tonight where you will hear more of God's love." Fernandez became thoughtful and forgetting his revolver decided he would go to services that night. We were singing when he entered. He took a back seat, his head hung down, the very picture of despair. As I spoke of how much God loves us, although we are sinners, and of His power to save, he raised his head and listened with great interest. At the close of the service I met him at the door, noted down his address and next day went to see him. From time to time as we visited that home we read the Bible together and prayed. It was not long before I noted a change in Jose's countenance. One night in our services, while many were giving their Christian experience he arose and with trembling voice told of his life of sin and of his new-found joy in Jesus. Not long after his wife also was happily converted. I never saw people so anxious to know the Bible. I spent hours in their home studying the Bible with them. Among the things we studied was Christian stewardship. One day Fernandez came to the church and handed a $190 bill ($40.00 United States money) to the treasurer. "I cannot change that bilI," said the treasurer. Fernandez replied, "I do not

HOW GOD IS WORKING IN LATIN AMERICA

wish any change. I am giving it to the Lord's work." This man's salary was never more than $100.00 (Argentine) per month. The treasurer said if money was going to come in like that he would have to resign. He did so and Fernandez was elected treasurer and deacon. Our prayers were about to be answered. We had been praying and laboring to find some one who would lead our church to self-support. No sooner was Fernandez elected treasurer than the question of building arose. A lot was secured and a substantial brick building erected. Then a home for the pastor was added. Today the First Baptist Church in Rosario stands as a monument to the consecration and sacrifice of Jose Fernandez and is the only really self-supporting church the Baptists have in Argentina.

We can never evangelize our own land and leave the lands around us without the Gospel. We need Latin-America as an ally in Kingdom work. Latin-America is open to the Gospel and can be evangelized if we will only measure up to the opportunity God is giving us. But we will never evangelize Latin-America or any other country as long as we think of missions in the terms of dollars and cents. The great Hudson Taylor, founder of the China Inland Mission, decided that he would never take a collection for missions but he would put the subject on the hearts of the people and leave the results to God. On one occasion after delivering a great address, the pastor of the church said, "Mr. Taylor, you have delivered a great message. The people are deeply impressed. Although we have advertised no collection, I suggest that you give the people an opportunity." "No," said Mr. Taylor, and at once dismissed the audience. The pastor thought he had lost a great opportunity. That night Mr. Taylor spent the night in the pastor's home. Early the next morning some one knocked on his door and in walked the pastor saying, "Mr. Taylor, you are right. Last night if a collection had been taken I would have given a few shillings, gone home and slept like a log, thinking that I had really done something for foreign missions. But as it is I did not sleep well last night and I could not get the matter off my heart. Here is a check for twenty-five pounds. " After breakfast they walked downtown and met one of the members of the church who said, "Mr. Taylor, I wish you had taken a collection last night. I would have given you a pound. But this morning I couldn't satisfy my conscience with that. Here is my check for one hundred pounds."

We must get the lost world on our hearts. We must see things as God sees them. In other words, we must become friends and co-laborers with God. God is working in China, in Africa, in Latin- America, yes, all over the world. He longs to make Himself known to the lost world but He must do it through you and me. Are we willing to become friends and fellow-laborers with God so that God may make Himself known to all men Y

MAP-ALTITUDES POPULATIOl" MAP-DENSITY

_5_0tITIi AME_ RIC_ A Soutb America ~l'I. " _ _ ~UIIU Twice the lize of Europe, c:::~~…. <:::::;- Thrice Chin., Four time.lodia, Sixty tim" the Britilh Itlel.

DISTRIBU'rlON Oil' INDIANS AND WHITES COMPAR.·"..'rIVE AREAS STUDY MAPS OF SOUTH AMERICA 768

American Intellectualsand

BY REV. J. A. MACKAY, LIMA, PERU Missionary of the Free Church of Scotland I T IS becoming increasingly difficult to write on any subject deal- ing with South America as a whole. The only real unity that South America possesses is the geographic unit, and in this connection what we really have is rather a spatial unit than an organic unity. There does indeed exist between South American countries a certain appearance of similarity or even identity, as regards race, religion, language and government. There even exists on certain occasions a continental consciousness of a sentimental order. But t.he fact remains that at the end of a hundred years of republican life, the countries of South America are passing through a stage of profound culture differentiation, which is year by year becoming more pronounced. The process must go on until each country solves its own national problems and until a great ideal unites them all on a higher plane and breathes into them something more transcendent than the mere consciousness of racial identity.

Culturally speaking South America may be divided into four great groups of countries. Brazil forms one; the Republics of the River Plata, Uruguay and Argentine, a second; Chile, Bolivia, Peru and Ecuador, a third; Colombia and Venezuela, a fourth. The problems, the spirit, the cultural tone and the intellectual type of each of these groups are dissimilar. For that reason it would be extremely hazardous and unfair to generalize in a short article with regard to their attitude towards anyone great problem, and then glorify our conclusions with the pompous title of "South American Opinion" on this or that subject. The inference for our present purpose is obvious: we will not essay to write in the name of South American thought or South American thinkers. We will limit ourselves to dealing with the religious outlook of individual writers.

The word "intellectual" in South America is practically synonymous with "writer," not in the narrow sense of a professional man of letters, but in the broad sense of one who has published some· thing-be it article, pamphlet or book on some subject related to higher culture. It is the fact of having given public expression to ideas in the form of confer-encias (public lectures), or in the form of publications, that makes a man an "intellectual." Thus the "intellectuals" are sharply distinguished from the generality of educatedpeople who have not publicly committed themselves to the expression of ideas. The majority of them publish their productions in newspapers or reviews, or as pamphlets. Only a very small minority write books. The mental caliber of members of this class is, 769 3

of course, very unequal, but as a class they possess much greater authority and wield far more influence than writers of equal or greater capacity in Great Britain and the 'United States. There are two main reasons for this. One is the lower level of general culture in South America, together with the absence of those strong convictions on the part of the reading public that tend to produce independent and critical public opinion. A second reason is the paucity of real leaders of thought and opinion on cultural matters. This naturally gives greater prominence to mediocrity. Real worth is not always popular because the public is not accustomed to think. The absence of public opinion on great human issues is largely due to the fact that in South America religion never took possession of the human brain. The paucity of true leaders of thought and opinion is a consequence of the fact that hitherto the gTeat majority of South American intellectuals have been simply echoes of far off voices and few have been passionate spokesmen of eternal truth. 11oral passion and purpose is a characteristic of very few writers at the present time. Most are content to write for the pleasure or information of their readers. It has not been fashionable for an intellectual to identify himself with a cause lest he should limit his freedom. He has preferred to contemplate life from his balcony rather than elbow it in the market-place.

Very few intellectuals in South America write on the subject of religion. It has not yet been put on the boards as a subject for gen- (lral discussion. A generation ago the Ecuatorian Montalvo and the Peruvian Gonzales Prada, two of the greatest of South American writers, published diatribes against religion, while the Uruguayan Rodo, perhaps the greatest of them all, published his "Liberalism and J acobinism" against religious iconoclasm. These have been the two tendencies in the upper spheres of thought-to attack religion or to defend the right of others to be religious if they wanted to; but religion has never been treated lovingly by intellectuals as a personal good 1101' recommended as such to the attention of others.

There are signs, however, that South America is about to enter upon a new era in the matter of religious interest. The vast majority of intellectuals continue the old tradition, but here and there throughout the continent new voices arc proclaiming, although still only in whispers, that there is a religious problem connected with the universe that challenges the human mind and a religions need in the human heart that hungers for companionship amid the cosmic solitude. I should like to allude here to some of these" signs. "

For the first time in South American history men and women who can be classified as intellectuals, and who have no professional interest in religion, are beginning to express themselves on the subject. The examples chosen belong to Spanish South America and are designed to be typical of new tendencies. I regret that none of

1921i] SOUTH AMERICAN INTELLECTUALS AND CHRISTIANITY

these can be taken from the pale of the Evangelical churches, for although these can claim many educated people they have not yet produced or won men or women recognized as "intellectuals" who consecrate their literary talents to the progress of their faith. Brazilian Protestantism has produced some men of that type and it is our prayer that God may give some such leaders to the Protestant churches of Spanish South America in the present generation.

The last redoubt of militant scepticism of any importance is in the daily press of Uruguay. Some of the newspapers of that country are fanatically anti-religious. It is an altogether painful case of radical obscurantism, which goes to the extreme of eliminating the names of God, Christ and Christianity from certain prominent newspapers in Montevideo, except when used as a subject of ridicule or attack. One of these newspapers writes the Spanish form of Young' Men's Christian Association thus: "Asociaci6n C. de J6venes," never by any chance writing the word ". Cristiana" in full. I mention this case because it is altogether exceptional, and because it should be known that there is practically no active hostility to Christianity on the part of representative organs of publicity, or on the part of representative literateurs in South America.

FOUR TYPES OF INTELLECTU.LS I will now refer to four types of "intellectuals" who have dis· cussed Christianity with varying degrees of sympathy and insight.

The first is the Social Idealist. A new idealism and a new social passion have made their appearance in South America. For those imbued by the new spirit, human values are supreme and social justice is proclaimed to be the chief need of the Continent. The chief representative of social idealism is Dr. Alfredo Palacios, the Argentine Socialist. Palacios is Dean of the Faculty of Law in the University of La Plata. Some years ago he gave a memorable lecture in the University of Lima when, Bible in hand, he extolled the social ideals of Moses, the Hebrew Prophets and Jesus, as offering solutions for the problems of society at the present time. That lecture opened the eyes of many to the living character of the Bible which had been regarded as an antiquated book. Recently Alfredo Palacios has discovered two pet hobbies; one is the formation of a Pan·· Iberian League of Intellectuals to offset the influence of Anglo- Saxonism; the other is opposition to Protestant mission::; in South America, especially those supported and directed from the United States. His main object is the same in both these hobbies, namely, to guarantee the development of South American life and culture without any organized interference from the outside. Pan-Americanism he calls Pan-Yankeeism, and substitutes Pan-Iberianism. 'rhe Protestant missionary movement he regards as simply the precursor of the economic imperialism of the United States. This attitude of

Palacios towards Anglo-Saxonism and especially towards North Americanism and everything, even to its religion, that North America sends to South, can be explained partly by his dread of the normal development of South American life being denaturalized by uncon- trolled foreign influences, and partly by an exaggerated race con- sciousness. On the other hand, recent utterances of Palacios dis- cover a grave misapprehension on the part of their author of the nature and aims of Evangelical Christianity and even a fundamental misconception of the genius of Christianity itself. Basing his obser- vations on recent ecclesiastical happenings in the United States, he has declared that Protestantism is as much obscurantist and tht enemy of liberty as Catholicism. He has also denied that Christian- ity provides a sufficient dynamic for the uplift and progress of South American life. It would seem that like so many other Latin writers he confuses the Roman crucifix with the Christian Cross and inter- prets the latter as the symbol of despair, of abject defeat and submission. Romain Rolland, in a recent letter to Palacios expressing his entire agreement with his religious viewpoint, closes with the following words, which may be regarded as expressing the philosophy of Palacios and of many younger men of his school: "Catholic by birth, I well know how much consoling beauty it is possible to enjoy within the Christian faith, but I think it wrong and even dangerous to want to orient present day humanity towards it. I understand all too well how some generous souls, deceived by those things in life that cause sorrow, repulsion and shame, should feel the ardent need of taking refuge, all broken to pieces, at the feet of the Crucifix. But they have no right to offer their defeat, however noble it be, as an objective for the hopes and high-souled efforts of the world's youth, those eternal children. . . .

"It is not meet that just at the moment when the human spirit shines everywhere throughout the world like a gleaming star, an attempt should be made to turn youthful eyes aside from its dauntless course, and induce them to direct their gaze towards the pure and pallid star of Bethlehem. The past had its beauty, but the future is plethoric of splendor and infinite forces. Our God is the Future."

What a challenge to reinterpret the Cross of Christ to South America as the triumph of Love, Righteousness and Truth!

THE CHRISTIAN AGNOSTIC The second type we might call the Christian Agnostic. It is the type of person who believes in religion, who lives by Christian ideals and regards Christian faith as productive of the noblest moral character and most effective social effort~ but who, nevertheless, has no personal religion. One thinks of Sr. Ernest Nelson, one of the leading educationists in the Argentine Republic, who after having served his country as Director General of Public Instruction, now

SOUTH AMERICAN INTELLECTUALB AND CHRIS'TIANITY

devotes his life to the interests of delinquent boys. He is one of the purest, kindliest, most unselfish men it would be possible to meet anywhere. He praises Christianity and believes in the work of the Evangelical churches, and yet he will not call himself a Christian. He- has, however, notably advanced from where he once was. Not so many years ago he was opposed to religion in any form, and advocated the elimination of the name Christian from the Young Men's Christian Association. But through contact with Christians whose self-sacrificing endeavors for the welfare of others won his admiration, he became first tolerant of, and then favorably disposed towards, the religion that inspired their lives. Later, through the reading of such books as Elwood's "Reconstruction of Religion," he came to see that religion was an essential factor in human progress and for that reason he was willing to contribute towards the progress of dynamic Christianity so long as it did not involve his personal surrender to Christ. He adopted the position of benevolent agnostic. But his friends believe that his spiritual pilgrimage has not yet ended and that he will yet see God in the face of Jesus Christ.

I think too, of Mariano Iberico, the finest philosophic mind in Peru. Iberico has a passion for religious studies. He has written on Pascal as a religious thinker, and is preparing a study on the religion of Dostoieffsky. He has recently ordered Harnack's "History of Dogma. " His faith in Christianity as the highest expression of the religious spirit is absolute. He considers that the essence of religion is the sense of companionship and feels his own need of a Companion in the universe. But before the fact or Christ's Resurrection he becomes agnostic, and the idea of the continued presence and activity of the Risen Christ awakens in him nothing but a sigh because of his lack of ability to believe what he would like to believe. This is for him the "myth" to which Christianity has owed its power, and he holds that a rebirth of religion requires the creation of a new myth.

THE CHRISTIAN TRADITIONALIST The third type is the Christian Traditionalist. The best example of this type is the Chilean poetess Gabriela Mistral. She believes in the galvanization of the Roman Catholic Church. This remarkable woman, who has many claims to be regarded as the writer of the finest verse in the Spanish world at the present time, is a sincere Christian belonging to the Roman Catholic communion. Her poetry is in the purest Christian vein, and her sympathies extend to all Christians. She is particularly friendly toward Evangelical Christians, so much so that in Chile Protestants are among her most fervent admirers. She unfortunately, however, forms one of a very small minority in the Roman Catholic Church in South America,

whose Christianity has taken full possession of their brains and hearts.

Gabriela Mistral had intended being present at the recent Congress on Christian Work in Montevideo, but was prevented at the last moment from attending. She addressed, however, a remarkable letter to the Congress, in which she spoke of the need of cooperation between Evangelical Christians and people like herself on the "other side" in the interests of the common Christian cause. She wrote at the same time an open letter to Alfredo Palacios in which she tried to rectify some of his ideas regarding the character and aims of Evangelical missions in South America. The reply of Palacios drew from Romain Rolland the letter quoted on page ·772.

THE CHRISTIAN MYSTIC The last type I will mention is the Ch"istian Mystic, represented by the Argentine writer, Julio Navarro Monzo. The life of Navarro Monzo is a romance of grace. He had occupied important government positions, and was art critic on the staff of the famous. newspaper The Nation of Buenos Aires, when his spiritual pilgrimage began. He vainly sought peace in the Greek Orthodox Church, but found it later in the reading of the New Testament. After his conversion he became a member of the Young Men's Christian Association and attended the Anglican Church in Buenos Aires. Three years ago he became a member of the Continental Staff of the South American Y. M. C. A. and has devoted himself since to writing and lecturing on religious subjects. His course of ledures on the Evolution of Heligion in .the Ancient vVorId made a profound impression last year in Santiago, Chile, and Lima, Peru. F'or the first time in South American history was a foremost "intellectual" giving his whole time to religious interests, and boldly proclaiming from place to place that for him Christ was" all his salvation and all his desire."

Navarro Monzo has been very severely criticized by many Evangelicals in South America and he in turn has severely criticized Evangelical missions on the continent. It must be admitted that he does hold very advanced views on the subject of Biblical criticism, while declaring that the Bible is the book he loves best and studies most. But those who hold that such views are incompatible with loyalty to Christ and a true spiritual life, must face the fact that Navarro Monzo is one of the most profoundly spiritual personalities and one of the greatest men of prayer it is possible to meet in these days. For him, moreover, the supreme reality in life is the presence and guidance of the Living Christ. As regards his criticism of Protestant institutions, let it be remembered that Navarro Monzo is by temperament and conviction an anti-institutionalist. Among Christian sects he finds most in common with the Society of Friends. He believes, moreover, that the solution of the religious problem

1925J SOUTH AMERICAN INTELLECTl'ALS AND CHRlSTIANl'fY

in South America, especially among the educated classes, is not along the line of planting exotic and controlled institutions in these countries, but in the formation of autoctonous and autonomous groups on the analogy of Friends' meetings. His ideal is the "house church" of primitive Ohristianity, believing that the greatest need of the continent is to get religion back from the specially consecrated building to the home, restoring thus the lost glory of the "Ohurch which is in thy house."

All these; with their varying accents and different solutions, are still but so many voices in the wilderness, but withal they are harbingers of a new day, the day of the great Master's coming. Here and there choice spirits, male and female, are stretching out their hands unto God. And God is not far off-was never indeed so near the pampas and cordillera valleys. Even now there is a perceptible quickening, like that of springtime, npon the face of the wilderness.

HISTORICAL DATA ON LATIN AMERICA 1498-1514 ; Period of Discover~'. Exploration of Brazilian Coast Voyages of OJeda, Vespurci, and CarJral. 1504-1524 ; Spanish Colonization. Central Ameriean E,,-peditions.

1512; Beginning of Papal misRionary work in Latin America. 15J 9; Conauest of Mexico under Cortez. 1535-1700; Spanish colonial .development under Vieeroys.

]580-1777 : Spanish and Portuguese conflicts for control.

1778-1824: Rise of Spanish-American Republics-Chile, 1817; Peru, under Bolivar, 182B. ]826: l<'irHt International Spanish-American Council called by Bolivar, met at Panama.

1890: First International American Congress at Washington, D. C.

1R90-1914 : Growth of European immigration in Latin Amel·ica.

]901-] 902: Second International American Congress at Mexico City.

1901-1921 : DeVelopment of railways and waterways, 190'5: Temporary U. K financial control in Nicaragua, Santo Domingo, and Haiti inaugurated.

1906 : Third International American Congres'l at Rio de Janeiro.

1910: Fourth International American Congress at Buenos Aires.

1912-1915 : Formation of the A. B. C. Alliance (A.rgentina, Brazil, and Chile).

1914: A. B. C. Conference at Niagara to promote peaceful re- lations between .Mexico and the United States.

1914: Opening of the Panama Canal, August 15, 1914.

HJ15: Pan-American Scientific Conference.

1916: Panama Missionary Congress, February 10 to 20.

]918 : Formation of Pan-American l<"ederation of Labor.

)' 1919-1922 : First South American representation in world affairs at the treaty of Versailles. I 1922-1923 : Central American Confe~ence at 'Washington, Dec. 4, 1922. ]923~ Fifth International American Conference met at Santiago, I Chile.

I 1925: Montevideo l1issionaQ' Congress. ~rareh 2D to April 8.

I

AS TO MEXIOO AND OENTRAL

MEXICO A REA: 767,198 square miles, including the islands. Population: 17,000,000 (estimated), 40ro Indian, 40% mixed, 20% European. Government: Democratic, federal, representative republic, composed of 28 states, 2 territories and a federal district.

Language: Spanish and 180 Indian dialects. Religion: 1858: Complete separation of the Church and State brought about by Juarez. The Roman Catholic religion prevails but there is a complete toleration of other religions. Missions: Organized work begun in 187l.

NICARAGUA Area: 49,200 square miles. Populatio'n: 800,000 (estimated). Religion: Roman Catholicism is the faith of the majority but freedom of belief is accorded to all. History: Discovered by Columbus in 1502.

Became an independent republic in 1839.

GUATEMALA Area:' 48,290 square miles. Population: 2,500,000 (estimated). The largest of these six little Central American republics. Religion: Prevailingly Roman Catholic, but with freedom of belief and worship. History: R~public established in 1847. Missions: Protestant missionaries came by government invitation in 1882.

HO:NDURAS Area: 44,275 square miles. Population: 610,000 (estimated). A debt of over one hundred millions burdens the country. Polygamy is common. Life is too easy. Religion: Roman Catholicism prevails but freedom is guaranteed to all.

BRITISH HONDUR.AS A small colony of 8,592 square miles and about 40,000 population. Rich in gum of the sapota tree and in mahogany, her trade with the U. S. is five times as great as with Great Britain.

SALVADOR Area: 13,176 square miles. Population: 1,500,00{), Salvador has more people to the square mile than any country in the western hemisphere. Illegitimacy is 60%. Lack of sanitation, and ignorant priests burden the country.

COSTA RICA Area: 23,000 square miles. Population: 500,000 (estimated). Land is worth five times as much as in Nicaragua. Comparatively free press; free 'speech; no extreme poverty; stable goyernment; good health conditions; population 60% white; good foreign trade; fair schools.

776

GIRLS IN THE NORMAL SCHOOL AT

The Religious Ferment in Mexico BY REV. A. B. RUDD, D.D., MEXICO CITY, MEXICO Missionary of the American Baptist Home Mission Society I N 1861, an Irishman who had been educated for the Catholic priesthood in his own country, but who through the influence of his wife had become a Protestant, crossed the Rio Grande to introduce Bibles into Mexico. This Irishman, James Hickey, with . his packet of Bibles and a heart full of the real Christ spirit, started in a small way the religious ferment in Mexico, which today is more iutense than ever before.

About the same time a small group of Catholics in Mexico City became dissatisfied with the rites of the Church of Rome and took steps to form an independent organization, based on Evangelical principles. Thus, on the northern border, from without, and in the heart of the land, the Capital City, from within, were set in motion influences which were destined to checkmate the complete and hith- erto undisputed control of Rome over the consciences of Mexico's millions.

If we may go back to the time of Mexico '8 war of independence (1810-20) even there we find on the part of many the desire for lib- erty of conscience. The history of the independent republic, down to the Juarez reform of 1857 which gave Mexico complete separa- 777

tion of church and state, is replete with tilts between politics and religion.

Along in the nineties this spirit of unrest is again manifest, find· ing expression in the person of an intelligent and influential priest in the state of 'l'amaulipas, Father Camacho, who had the audacity to challenge the authenticity of the legend which forms the basis of Mexieim Catholicism of today-the thrice-repeated appearance of the Holy Virgin to an humble shepherd in 1531, the imprinting of her image On his blanket in order to convince the dubious priest of the verity of the apparition. The pub- lished refutation of this legend by the learned priest came like a bolt out of a clear sky. "Such blas- phemy!" cried the church author- ities. Ecclesiastical anathemas were hurled at the honest padre, though not before his publication had raised serious doubts in the minds of thousands who were ready to follo·"" him out of super- stition. There is no telling where- unto the movement started by this publication would have grown, had the then president of the Republic, General Porfirio Diaz, not ordered its author to be quiet. Father Camacho passed into obscurity, but his spirit is still alive and doing its work today.

These touches of Mexico's religious history-our Irishman METHODIST EP1SCOPAL CHURCH, friend in the north, whose coming PUEBLO resulted in the organization in Monterrey in 1864 of the Baptist Church of that city, and Father Ramon Lozano, the leader of the movement in Mexico City in 1862, which resulted later in the formation of the Episcopal Mission- prepare us for the consideration of the recent schismatic movement which has so stirred Mexico in the present year.

El Universal, the leading daily in Mexico, in one of its February issues startled the Catholic public with the announcement of the formation of a Mexican National Catholic Church, entirely apart from Rome, with a'married clergy, all public services in the language of the country, the Bible as the basis of all belief and practice-a fullfledged Mexican Catholic Church as opposed to a Roman Catholic Church, with Padre Perez as Patriarch. One of the large churches of the city was taken, the priest in charge expelled and the schismat-

1925l ~'HE RELIGIOUS FERMENT IN MEXICO

ics put in charge. Immediately a mob of Roman Catholics invaded the church and gave battle to the newly organized group. The municipal authorities restored order, protecting the new occupants of the building and allowing them to celebrate Mass a la mexicana. As all church houses in Mexico belong to the Federal Government, it was not long before the Federal authorities decided that neither party could have the permanent use of the house for religious services and so took it for educational purposes. Later they turned over to the schismatics another temple which had long been used for government purposes and which, on June 11th, was formerly opened to the public as headquarters for the National Catholic movement in BAPTTST SCHOOL. PU EB LO, MEXICO Mexico. Along with other valuables, the Virgen de la Soledad, who reigned supreme in the church over which the contending parties were fighting, was transferred "to one of the warehouses of the Monte Piedad, the national pawn-shop, from whence, with all her power to do miracles, she has not been able to escape."

Considerable propaganda of the new cult has been carried on with more or less results. It is evident that the movement has thousands of sympathizers throughout the country and yet success has not crowned its efforts. Already the Mexican National Catholic Church is limping seriously.

Mr. Vincente Mendoza, an intelligent, well-informed, far-seeing Evangelical Mexican, editor of El lI1undo Cristiano, the most influential Evangelical paper published in the Republic, read recently

before the Federation of Christian workers in Mexico City a very interesting paper on this recent movement, tracing its origin and analyzing the causes of its comparative failure-views to which we assent.

In the first place, the movement lacked proper leadership. Many of its principles appeal strongly to the public<-freedom from the papal yoke, the strong nationalistic spirit, a married clergy, etc. But a real leader was not at hand. Many a less worthy n'LOvement has succeeded through the efforts of a born leader of men. Mr. .Mendoza says: Perez has not the ability to organize and to lead a movement of this nature; besides, already being an old man, he lacks the personal qualities which will make him a leader. For a revolutionary movement it is not enough to have a definite ideal, it is necessary for the leader to have personal qualities which will make him attractive to the people, and have that magnetism which easily makes the masses gather around him and follow him to death. Patriarch Perez has not these qualities; he is not a notable man in any sense, and he has never been a popular leader; he is not a man of culture; in a word, he does not measure up to the qualities of a leader, very different from Bishop Camacho, to whom we have referred_ The other priests and laymen who gathered around father Perez are exactly of the same qualities, lacking all social standing, men unknown, that have demonstrated that they are not capable of organizing a church, which is not so easy as it appears.

Again, the movement lacks spiritual motif- It is semi-politicaL There are forces at work which at first were not in evidence. Mr. Mendoza says: We understand now, that the working elements are not foreign to the movement, and to speak frankly, the radical labor elements are the supporters of the movement, in part, to take vengeance against the activity of Romanism against the labO'J.' syndicates, and partly, to give practical expression to the revolutionary ideas which in the social and political order they are carrying forward, and they insist that now it is necessary to do the same thing in religious matters. Then, we are not mistaken when we affirm that the schismatic movement is a product of the revolutionary movement, and they are seeking the satisfaction of vengeance because Romanism always proved to be a bitter enemy of all labor organizations. They also are seeking to complete the work of the revolution attacking those things which have made the Catholic Church hated in the practical life of the nation.

. . . This division is not the result of a high. religious idea, nothing which has sprung as the expression of a profound conviction concerning the value of religion in simple forms, and seeking for an expression more in accord with modern ideas of democracy; in a word, this movement is due to sentiments rather political than religious, being only another phase of the same political struggle in which we are seeking to readjust new social forces, and it is impossible for a religious movement, a Christian movement, being inspired by this class of motives, to succeed. A religious movement which does not come from a deep spiritual ideal can succeed more or less apparently, but not triumph in a definite way. If there had been a religious ideal, and then purity of motives in the organization, at this time there would be thousands and thousands of followers of father Perez, and the schism would

THE RELIGIOUS FERMENT IN MEXICO

have affected seriously the throne of the Pope in Mexico, for in modern times we cannot ignore the fact that thousands of restless spirits would easily follow any religious leader if he were truly inspired with the ideals and the enthusiasm of the reformers of the sixteenth century to bring a true reform of religion in Mexico. We will wait for this leader, sooner or later, because the field is ripe, the men are ready, and we do not doubt that some day the true schismatic movement will rise in our country, which will bring a church more spiritual and simpler, more attractive, more faithful to the spirit of Ohrist, and resting, equally, on a firm basis of a national spirit. "

To the two reasons already given for the comparatively small results of the recent movement, must be added a third: The tremendous in:fiuence of a strongly subsidized public press. '1'here isn't a single paper of prominence in all Mexico in whose columns the movement under discussion could get an unprejudiced hearing. Perez has been held up to ridicule before the public as a renegade unworthy of respect, and all connected with the movement as a detestable mob deserving only the contempt of the public. Under these conditions it is not easy to make satisfactory headway.

But in spite of the apparent failure of the Perez movement, it undoubtedly marks another step, and an impQrtant step, along the line of real progress toward better things. Rome's grip has been weakened, seriously weakened, by the movement, nor will she ever be able to regain what she has lost; and this, too, in spite of the fact that she has organized a "League of Religious Defense," for the purpose of meeting what she is pleased to call the persecution of the Catholic Church. So radical were some of the principles of this organization that they were regarded as seditious by the Government and had to be revised. The Catholics of Mexico regard themselves in much the same position as the French Catholics of today, and have recently sent them a note of sympathy in their efforts to maintain an official representative at the Vatican.

Certain questions, which affect more or less directly the work of the Evangelicals in Mexico, have been brought prominently to the front by this schismatic movement. The first is the question of church property. According to the New Constitution of 1917, no church, or religious association of any kind can hold property in Mexico~ All properties used for religious purposes become by that very act, the property of the Federal Government. Again, the Constitution requires that all public religious services shall be held in templos (temples) as opposed to private houses, though this pro· vision has not been pressed save in a few cases where the local authorities have made trouble for the local congregation. The writer has knowledge of a case of this kind in which a service hall of an Evangelical congregation has been recently closed by the local authorities on the ground that the hall is not a public ternplo. Steps are being taken to secure from the Federal Government permission

THE MTSSLONARY R,EVIEW 01>' TRf} WORLD

to reopen the hall for public services temporarily, until such time as the cong'regation may be able to build its temple, for which funds are already being collected. Another requirement of the Constitution which has recently come into the limelight is the one that limits to native-born Mexican ministers the right to exercise their ministry in the country. The large number of foreign priests who were in charge of churches in the RepUblic are being replaced by Mexicans, the Government having decided that not even by becoming citizens by naturalization can this right be acquired. No American, so far as the writer's knowledge ext.ends, has ever become pastor of a Mexican church since t.he Const.itution of 1917 went. into effect. This particular point of the law thus touches the American missionary mainly in the interpretation given to the phrase, ejercer su rninisterio ("exercise his ministry"); whether this excludes public preaching and administering the affairs of a mission, as well as pastoring a church, administ.ering the ordinances, etc.

This last question will affect on a diminishing scale the Evangelical work in Mexico in proportion to the increase of self-support on the part' of the churches; and it is pleasing to record the fact that constant, if not rapid progress is being made along this line.

The gradual growth of Evangelical Christianity in Mexico is contributing in no small degree to the religious ferment in the land.

Naturally, the papal authorities view with a jealous eye this growth, and wage against it both an offensive and defensive warfare, using as one of their most powerful weapons the accusation that the Protestant missionaries are in Mexico for political purposes, sent to spy out the land and make a pacific conquest.

It is frankly admitted that Evangelical Christianity has made comparatively slow progress in Mexico. In the more than sixty years since the work was begun, the actual membership of the Protestant churches does not exceed 45,000, though the sympathizers with Evangelical truth probably reach five times this figure. And yet it may be safely said that while this progress is slow, it is sure and perma- Dent: Protestant influence is undoubtedly sinking in, ancI soaking the very roots of the Nation. Its influence if> far out of proportion to the actual number of its communicants. No longer are Evangelicals limited to the humbler walks of life. The Secretary of Foreign Relations is an Evangelical, as is also the newly appointed sub- Secretary of Education. The National Congress is becoming familiar with the voices of Protestant congressmen. 'The President's son has recently married a Protestant lady, the religious ceremony having been performed by a Protestant minister, the President and his family being present. In a word, the public is conscious of the fact that the Evangelicals are here and are here to stay. They are desirous of making a worth-while contribution to the intellectual, moral, social and spiritual life of the nation. This contribution is being increasingly observed and appreciated from year to year.

A PUBLIC MARKET IN TH E REPUBL[ C OF' SA:-nO

In the Dominican Republic BY ,JAY S. STOWELL, PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA Board of Home Missions, Methodist Episcopal 0hurch l """'AKE the Catharine at noon-time at San Juan, Porto Rico, sail west and twenty-four hours later you arrive at Santo DomingO' City. Or you can travel by the Clyde Line from New York and after five or six days find yourself in the Dominican Republic.

The Republic occupies the eastern two-thirds of Haiti, an island discovered by Columbus. Although the first to be settled in the New World and blest with many natural resources, it has been backward in its development and long neglected by the Christian churches of America.

One is tempted to compare conditions in the Dominican Republic with those in Porto Rico. In language the two countries are alike, but in other respects one soon notes many differences.

The Dominican Republic is large-five times as large as Porto Rico, and, compared to Porto Rico, sparsely settled; forty-five to the square mile in the one case, three hundred and seventy-seven in the other.

Porto Rico is intensively cultivated; the Dominican Republic is crying out for the plow.

783

Politically the Republic is independent and the Dominicans have back of them generations of fighting traditions; Porto Rico is under the United States flag, and her traditions are those of peace. It has been the policy of the Porto Ricans to avoid conflict wherever possible.

In porto Rico we saw scores of school houses and thousands of children under instruction. In the Dominican Republic we saw few schools, most of them unused. The boasted contribution of the United States to the establishment of a school system in the Republic. seems to have been over-rated. We made one fatal blunder by failing to get the native's point of view. We planned to support public schools by a land tax, but the Dominicans were not used to a land tax, and refused to pay it. The public school system collapsed overnight, and some of the teachers, left without money, were compelled to walk home. Weare told that conditions are improving a little and some sc.hools are being opened again. A few small private schools have sprung up, but most of the children are neglected. Taken as a whole the Dominicans are more ignorant than the Porto Ricans and they desperately need schools.

"Ve had been told that poverty was greater in the Republic than in Porto Rico, but our observations did not appear to bear out the truth of the statement. Porto Rico is made up of an agricultural population deprived of its land and forced to subsist on the earnings from seasonal labor at small wages. Her people are continually under-nourished. The Dominicans, on the other hand, are a nation of small farmers and give evidence of being better nourished than are the Porto Ricans. Particularly do they eat more meat than the Porto Ricans.

The sugar industry which has swallowed up so much of the land of Porto Rico is less extensively developed in the Dominican Republic. Several large sugar centrals have come into being, but much of the land is still wild and open for squatters or purchasers of "peso" titles. There is still time to save the Dominicans from becoming landless peons, and a commission of the Roman Catholic Church has recently made a strong appeal to that end.

In contrast to Porto Rico's lack of natural resources the Dominican Republic possesses forests of valuable woods and large mineral deposits. It also has an important cacao industry not found in Porto Rico. Porto Ricans are loyal to the United States and are proud to be under the Stars and Stripes; while the Dominicans are happy that the brief occupation of their territory by the United States is over. On the other hand they clearly recognize that it is much to their advantage to maintain the most cordial relationships with the United States and Americans are gladly welcomed to the Republic. Curiously enough in 1869 the United States negotiated a treaty of

1925J IN THE DOMINICAN REPUBLIC

annexation with the Dominican Republic. The treaty was approved l,y the Dominican people, but it failed of ratification in the United States Senate.

One can hardly understand the Dominicans of today without knowing something of their history and that history is one of turmoil. They are a mixture of Indians, Negroes and Whites. In 1844 they won their independence from the Haitians and the event is still celebrated as the great national holiday. Some one has figured out that during the seventy years following the gaining of national independence nineteen different constitutions were promulgated and there were fifty-three different presidents. Only three of these presidents completed their terms of office; two were killed; twenty were deposed; the others resigned.

The United States occupation, which began in 1916 during the World War and is now ended, accomplished some things. It built roads, it established sanitation, segregated the lepers, built a model penitentiary on the unit plan, pacified the Republic, and built up a great school system. The latter, however, it constructed a little too ambitiously and upon what proved to be insecure foundations.

Religiously the country is Oatholic, but with slight connection with Rome. The priests are mostly natives. A recent writer declares that they live openly with their women, and are not limited to one, that drunkenness is common among them, and that the French priests from Haiti are very much disgusted with the crudities and immoralities of the Dominican priests. The Virgin Altagracia is the patron saint of the Republic. Patriotic celebrations begin and end at the Oathedral, and the churches have been built from public funds. The relationship of Dominican men with the Ohurch is, however, formal rather than vital.

EVANGELICAL WORK The first evangelical missionary to the Dominicans arrived in the Republic in 1889 and labored for six years before securing any tangible results. Long before that date work had been started among the English-speaking Negroes of the country. In 1907 the Free Methodist church became impressed with the need and entered the Republic. The work of that church has since become well extended throughout the main settlements of the northern half of the island.

For years Evangelical Ohristians in Porto Rico had been impressed with the needs of the Republic. In 1917 they sent the Rev. Philo W. Drury to study conditions there and in 1918 a small work was opened by them at San Pedro de Macoris. In 1919 the Rev. Samuel Guy Inman, of New York, visited the Republic and made a report to the Oommittee on Oooperation in Latin America. As a result there was formally organized January, 1920, the Board for 4

Christian Work in Santo Domingo, representing five mission boards and three denominations, the Presbyterian in the U. S. A., the Methodist Episcopal, and the United Brethren. This Board took over the small work already begun. The churches of Porto Rico released three of their best workers for the work, representing three denominations, and they also contributed several thousand dollars to the opening of the work.

Evangelistic and religious educational work was begun in Santo Domingo City, the capital of the Republic. The people responded at once so that the temporary quarters were soon outgrown and a beautiful house of worship has now been erectEld. The work continues to grow, and is having a very definite effect upon the life of the city.

At this writing, churches have been established at Santo Domingo, San Pedro de Macoris, La Romana, San Cristobal and Barahona. The latest annual report shows a combined church membership at the first four points mentioned, of three hundred and sixty, an average Sunday-school attendance of four hUlldred and fifty-severt, and a Christian Endeavor membership of two hundred and forty-four. The work outside of the capital city is carried on in rented quarters.

There are five other important centers in the southern half of the Republic which should be entered in order to complete the occupation of that portion of the Republic commonly recognized as the responsibility of the Board for Christian Work in Santo Domingo. In addition there are numerous rural points. Some of' these are already being reached very effectively by the pastors at the main centers and by local workers trained under their direction. A striking example of the effectiveness of this rural work is to be seen at a point out from San Cristobal. A young man who developed considerable ability as a local leader and preacher, recently was obliged to seek employment at a sugar central some distance away. The people of the community missed his leadership so much that they sent for him and arranged to give him employment close at hand so that he might continue his voluntary ministry among them. Numerous other incidents might be told to illustrate the vitality of this rural work.

At an early stage in the planning of the work the great need for medical service became apparent. A building was rented and with an American doctor and American nurses in charge a small hospital was opened and the first month one hundred patients appeared at the clinics; the second month the number was three hundred, and the third month nine hundred. Since then the total has at times reached 1,500 per month. The hospital receipts now frequently exceed $1,000 per month and the number of hospital patients exceeded 1,500 during a recent year. The cases treated include:

1H25] IN THE DO)fJ NIC'Ai' In~PUBLIC

hookworm, malaria, venereal disease, appendicitis, malnutrition, maternity, tuberculosis, accidents and a great variety of surgical cases. These patients come from the capital city and from scores of towns within a radius of sixty or seventy miles. Often they travel on foot or by the most primitive conveyances to reach the hospital.

A baby clinic and milk station, maintained in connection with the hospital, is saving the lives of many children and is doing much to educate Dominican mothers in the care of their children. A native dentist is also employed and an important dental ministry is rendered. The attendant in charge of the drug room is a native Domini- NURSES IN TRAINING AT EVANGELINE HOSPITAL, SAKTO DOMINGO C,TTY , ran girl who is a graduate in pharmacy. Twelve Domjni(~an girls are now in training for nurses. Coming chiefly on the recommendation of pastors in local churches, they already have a genuine religious background and every effort is made to keep alive a healthy religious life during the course of training.

Recently a site was purchased for a new hospital and the plans call for the erection of an adequate building for the continuation and extension of the very important work already begun.

The need for education is so great in the Republic that it would be hard to keep out of the educational field even if the workers wished to do so. A school has been in successful operation at San Cristobal for some time and other educational work is contemplated as resources are available. ' One young man is already in training

for the Christian ministry at the Evangelical Seminary in Ri.o Piedras, Porto Rico. Two are studying in the Polytechnic Institute at San German, Porto Rico. Others are studying in the Normal School at Santo Domingo City, and a few are taking informal training in preparation for Christian work.

From the very beginning the plans for the work included a definite social ministry, but the resources did not warrant opening such work. More recently a trained young couple devoted to the work have been secured and they are now at work in Santo Domingo. Their work is opening up in a very promising way and it is already enriching the lives of many Dominican young men and women.

One of the features of the work which promises much for the future is a book store located on the first floor of the Mission building in Santo Domingo. It faces an important street of the city and is directly opposite the administration building of the Department of Public Instruction. The employees of that department and the school inspectors have been among the best customers. The Importance .of Christian literature can hardly be overestimated.

A CHALLENGE We have set our hand to the plow in the Dominican Republic and we may not turn back with honor. We have a special responsibility here, and the Dominicans need our ministry. The organization of the work on a union basis is unique and prophetic. The work has grown healthily, but, up-to-date we have not been able to occupy the field adequately. Fortunately, perhaps, it is definitely limited geographically and we know where our responsibility lies. The successful carrying on of the program to its completion depends upon the support of those who believe in sharing the best we have in the name of Jesus Christ with some of our most neglected neighbors.

SOME LATIN AMERICAN STATISTICS Country Area Population Co,Vital or Government OMe! Oity Republic Mexieo ……………… . 767,198 ] 7,000,000 Guatemala .. _……….. . 47,500 2,500,000 Mexico " Br. Honduras ……….. . 8,5112 45,400 Guatemala HondlJras ……….. _.. . 44,275 662,432 BeJizH Britain Salvador ………….. _.. 7,225 1,500,000 T('gucigalpa Republic Niearagua . _…. __ … _.. . 51,700 639,000 23,000 5'00,000 San Salvailor " Costa Rica . __ …….. _.. . 31,890 450,000 Panama ……………. . 5,855,000 M~nagua "" Colombia …. __ ……… . 4G1,600 1,500,000 Ecuador .. __ .. __ . _… ___ . 276,000 2,900,000 San .Tose " 363,728 298,000 Panama Venezuela .. _………… . 113,181 B')gota Britain Br. Guiana ……. . 89,480 26,325 Quito Holland Dnt.ch Guiana …… _…. . 46,0(JO' 5,000,000 Caracas France French Guiana .. _.. _…. . 32,000 3,000,000 Georget.owu Republic Peru . _……… _.. _…. _ 722,oW1 Parimaribo Bolivia _…….. _.. _…. . 597,460 30,635,605 Cayenne """""" 3,275,510 4,000,000 Lima Brazil ……………… . 289,829 8,698,516 LaPaz Chile ………………. . 1,153,119 Rio De Janeiro Argentl1la … ..•…….•.. 75,673 1,000,000 Sa,,-tiago Paraguay ., … ,"", .. , ,. 72,153 1,494,953 Buenos Aires Uruguay., .. " ….. , ….. Asuncion Montevideo

MEN'S CLASS M"RCHING TO CHURCH FROM THE THEATER

1'HE BIBLE CLASS WAS HELD One Generation in Porto Rico.

BY REW. HERBERT FORD, CAGUAS, PORTO RICO Missionary of the Amcrir.an Baptist Home Mission Society A CHURCH in every town and many in the country, with a total . membership of more than one per cent of the whole population is the short and simple account of the work of a single generation of evangelical missions in Porto Rico. The twenty-fifth anni· versary of the coming of the first Protestant missionaries was celebrated last year. From the discovery of the island by Columbus in 1493 and the administration of Ponce de Leon, first Spanish governor, till the occupation by American troops in 1898, Roman Catholicism was practically the only organized religion among the native-born inhabitants, and church records would have shown close to 100% of the people enrolled. As a matter of fact, however, only a small proportion of these had more than a nominal relation to the church. Spiritualism had attracted thousands, but the great majority had drifted into religious indifference and atheism.

Protestant work was begun under exceptionally favorable circumstances. Due to the liberation of Porto Rico by American arms. everything American was held in high esteem, and the new "American" religion was well received, although usually in blissful ignorance of its true nature. The field was fairly well manned from the start; the war had brought Porto Rico into the public eye, and several boards were prompt to send Spanish-speaking missionaries. Freedom of worship was granted, and generally was carried out.

789

But one of the greatest strokes of good judgment was the early agreement to divide the territory, so that strife and duplication and waste have been almost entirely avoided. The Evangelical Union functions admirably as an interdenominational clearing house.' ~linally, and not least among the favoring conditions, the population was dense and accessible, and large elements were ready for a religious change.

The early missionaries began preaching in cheap rented halls, in private houses, or in the open air, and received a fair hearing.

Most of their audiences were timid about coming in, so they preached largely to people who were literally outside in the darkness and there was no means of estimating the number. Within a short time enough adherents were gathered to organize churches in the centers, and promising converts were sent out to carry the story to the autlying country. From these helpers the early preachers were selected. being paid small salaries by the boards, later raising a portion of this among the people they served. Of the devotion of many of these nrst preachers we must speak in the highest terms. If they were often sadly dencient in intellectual preparation, and a few inade· quately grounded in the moral teachings and practices of Chris"

tianity, it must be remembered that for four hundred years the people had never been led to see much connection between religion Hnd a high standard of morality. .

Improvement in the qualifications of the preachers was rapid.

The early missionaries gathered small groups of young men about them and, entirely without equipment at first. gave them a general llnd a Biblical educati011. Such a policy is now bearing fruit sixty and a hundredfold. At present practically one hundred per cent of the pastoral work is in the hands of the Porto Ricans, most of whom have some theological training, and several are college and seminary graduates. They are naturally gifted as preachers and teachers and are acquiring administrative capacity as welL When these gifts are accompanied by a knowllildge of Ohrist and a cOllilecration to His service, they produce a body of men much more effective in bringing Porto Rico to the feet of the Master than any number of foreigners, however earnest and capable. In recent years there has been a drastic reduction in the number of continental mission- nries, and those who remain are mostly engaged in executive, educational or medical work.

On the institutional side, ngures are imposing. Over 15,000 of the 1,300,000 are actual communicant members of the various evan- gelical churches, over one per cent in twenty-nve years, which comes very close to setting it world record for the first generation. In addition there is an influence in the life of the people far beyond the proportion of members. The Baptist churches, for example, with 2,600 members, have an average attendance of 5,700 in the Sunday-

J925) ONE GENERATION I N PORTO RICO

schools. In 1916 the island went prohibition by a very large popular majority, and the enemy everywhere admitted that the Protestaut churches turned the trick. Where there is a good pastor in a countrv place, he becomes the biggest man for miles around, and is looked to for leadership in all lines. A strong pastor with a capable wife sometimes accomplishes the same in the moderate-sized towns. Enough has perhaps been said to indicate that the E vangelicals are about the liveliest one per cent ever seen.

It cannot be said that any large proportion of the so-called high society or people of wealth or high political standing have been won to actual membership in the churches. No special efforts have been made to appeal to any "class. " The elite will be won sooner and their r eligious life will be the sounder through the realization that AN OPEN-AI R SUNDAY-SCHO OI_ IN OUTSKIRTS OF CAGCAS all must come by the way of the Cross, without favor or distinction. But the social standing of the Protestants has notably risen and will continue to rise. The chief justice of the supreme court and the commissioner of education are numbered with Evangelicals, and their lives are in keeping with their words. There is getting to be a considerable sprinkling of professional people in the churches, and some towns can be pointed to, where the pastor is of the highest social r efin ement and where there is accordingly a strong element of the most intellectual and refined to be found in the church. The high requirements for church membership keep thousands out who believe ill the Gospel and whose voice and influence can be counted on at all times, not to mention other thousands who keep silent because of a feeling that they would lose prestige if they declared themselves.

In addition to churches in every town and in many country dis-

PRESBYTERIAN HOSPITAL, SAN JUAN tricts, other institutional features include three mission hospitals. Of these, the Presbyterian at San Juan is the largest and most famous. It is the finest and best known hospital in the island. Over 50,000 patients are treated annually, and because of its high standing among the, best people, it is practically self-supporting, although it ministers to thousands unllble to pay. No other feature of mission work has approached the Presbyterian hospital in building up a prestige and social standing for the Protestant work. The Congregationalists and Episcopalians also have excellent hospitals which, though smaller, are of the highest standing.

Because of the comparatively high efficiency of public education in Porto Rico, mission schools have not been given the prominence that they gain in other fields. But it would be a mistake to say that schools are not needed, or that those established are not rendering good service. We ought to have preparatory schools under Christian auspices, to furnish us candidates for the ministry, who have the proper outlook, as well as to furnish a lay leadership thoroughly Christian in ideals. The high schools are also overcrowded, and even primary schools are inadequate. Many of our churches, entirely on their own responsibility, have opened schools of the lower grades. The best secondary schools under missionary auspices are the Polytechnic Institute, a Presbyterian school for both sexes, and the Blanche Kellogg Institute, a Congregational school for girls only.

The union theological seminary at Rio Piedras, formed five years ago by combining several denominational seminaries and training schools, is a high grade institution, granting degrees. According to the plan of the Committee on Cooperation for Latin America, this institution serves the entire northern part of Latin America, the one at Montevideo holding a like responsibility for centl'al and southern South America. .At Rio Piedras last year there were as many as eight students from one country outside of Porto Rico, Venezuela holding this honor, although naturally there were

19251 ONE GENERATION IN PORTO RIOO

more from Porto Rico, where the seminary is located. Six denominations are represented on the board of managers, and no two faculty members represent the same communion. Final success in any mi's- Hion field depend,; npon the development of a highly competent native leadership.

A union printing plant, doing a general printing business, and publishing a paper, is perhaps, next to the Presbyterian hospital, the feature that brings most prestige to the Gospel. This paper is editorially and typographically the equal of any publication in the island, and it has a circulation almost as large as the largest daily paper. It is of tremendous influence, as it goes into some of the best homes and other places where the spoken Gospel is not heard.

Space will not permit a description of many social features of the mission work, such as kindergartens, vacation Bible schools, day nurseries, industrial schools, orphanages, and many others.

Evangelism, as is proper, occupies a chief place, and is partly under the Evangelical Union, partly under the direction of the various denominations, or by local churches.

But the finest fruit of mission work is not its imposing edifices and efficient organizations; it is the life and character of people whom Christ has redeemed. I have never seen more thoroughly changed lives or more perfect trust in the Saviour for daily grace to keep from sin than in hundreds of the Porto Rican converts. They generally take their religious obligations seriously. They not only attend church and Sunday-school, but prayer meeting also.

Whole communities have been changed by the Gospel. One of the most notable is Rato Nuevo, a country district near Gurabo. It was known far and wide as a center of vice, gambling, illicit trade in liquor, etc. Every Sunday crowds gathered for a cock-fight, with drinking and a dance which frequently ended in bloodshed. The ring-leader in all the lawless activities was a man named Pedro.

THE BAPTIST CHURCH AT SAN JUAN

The community was one of those that make the observer exclaim, "Can any good come out of Hato Nuevo?" Some members of the Cedros church moved into the neighborhood and began to let their light shine. 1.'hey spoke to their neighbors about the faith that was in them, and held meetings for prayer and Bible reading in their homes, to which others were invited. They invited their pastor to wake fortnightly trips to the neighborhood. He established friendly :felations with everybody, held meetings in the open air or wherever he could. Conversions occurred, including Pedro and all his house. Like Paul, he sought to undo all his former evil. His house was the iargest and his personal influence the greatest in that section. His house, like his heart, was thrown open to the Lord. He became a crusader for the truth. The vice and liquor melted away. No more were ribald songs heard on Sunday nights. Instead the air rang with hymns. The people set to work and built a chapel entirely at their own cost, and the writer had the privilege of preaching the dedication sermon. They then organized a church, and baptisms are frequent. Hato Nuevo is now known as widely as a Christian community as it used to be for its wickedness. And the whole change has taken place in four years.

Some one may ask, "How do they respond to the acid test of money?" While not many churches have attained full self-support, due to the indescribable poverty, and to the fact that nearly all those who have so far become members of the churches are from the humbler classes, there are large groups of tithers in nearly every chuJi)h. When a man makes seventy cents a day when he can find work, and has several children to support, it requires heroism to tithe. The church at Santurce last year gave $22.33 a member. The Baptist Church at Caguas has the honor of being the first to assume self-support. For the last six years all salary and local expenses have been met, and in addition they have bought and paid fer a parsonage and expended $500 for new pews. Several churches have built their own chapels without any mission funds. Home mission societies exist for the support of churches within the island, and missionaries are employed and their salaries paid entirely from these funds raised among the Porto Ricans. In addition, contributions are sent for foreign work, and three denominations combine to support a mission work in the neighboring island of Santo Domingo, with the help of their boards in the states. These three are the Methodist, Presbyterian and United Brethren. Several Porto Ricans are working as missionaries in that country.

These are the facts as to the progress in Porto Rico in one generation. They are not flights of fancy or attempts to prophesy. If anyone wishes to predict that the close of the second generation will reveal'an entirely autonomous and self-supporting Porto Rican church, we will not attempt to discourage such an expectation.

A Letter from Dr. Grenfell, of

I N my former letter I spoke of two great lessons that impressed me in my journey around the world-the vastness of numbers and of the missionary problem, and the glorious challenge being so well answered in the spirit of the only force that permanently helps toward its solution, viz., love exemplified in personal knighthood.

A third lesson that cannot help stirring the mind that really inquires is: "Why in so many lay circles, in the tourist and political circles, are the invaluable services of missionaries to real civilization so commonly ignored or even discounted?"

Allowing that no one likes to he rebuked, that feeling does not account for all the criticisms. The tourist and the politician have kind hearts, and are loud in their praise, when one tells them of brave unselfish deeds, as in Egypt where a rich young Moslem student in a missionary college at Assiut jumped from the parapet of the Nile dam into the foaming waters of the angry river below, and laid down his life gladly in trying to save a beggar's baby that had fallen into the water-and mirabile dictu, a girl baby at that! That deed was a result of his Christian vision of service acquired at the college. Everyone had a good word for the ~oIlege and its influence in Egypt. They want a few dollars badly to put up a memorial to this lad.

Fellow travelers were told of a Chinese lad who, when bandits carried off his father and grown-up brother and held them for ransom or death, tracked the gang through dangerous and weary miles, and persuaded them to hold him as hostage, "because there was no one left home to earn the ransom." When these fellow travelers were told that this lad was from the mission school at Kiangsi, all were loud in their praises, saying" that is real Christianity."

How few really know about the accomplishments of Christian missions in terms of these natural simple revolutions of character that are not uncommon experiences for real missionaries? If people do not know of these things, why don't they know them?

I remember well how little thrill I have often felt when the collection box came down to me at a missionary lecture, whereas if I had been listening to stories of renewed lives, such as "twice-born men," told in simple layman's style, I would have been thrilled and would have wanted to give my last cent.

Do 'we tell our tale as Christ told tales? Or even as the fishermen apostles told their tales of the loving services of their Master and of His "cross," even long' before His crucifixion? If not, why not? Is it laziness or modesty or "piety" which leads a man to say. "I don't believe in publicity" f In ordinary life men don't spend fabulous sums on advertising, tmd take regular courses in it, because they are fore-Bushel'S, but' because it is good and right business.

795

If I had decided only to tell God about the blind and lame men in Labrador and to remind Him that He had forgotten to send them a doctor, and then if I had practiced surgery in London, and had made a lot of money there, would that be modesty or laziness or whaU Would it not be shirking a job7 What I mean is, why did we have to go around the world to learn these stories, and why also are they the things that stick in our minds, and which we reel off, when in the" salon-de-Iuxe" of a modern floating palace one hears at afternoon tea the bored globe-trotter yawn out, "I can't see any use in missions. "

A young man stilI, I can't begin to match my experience against some of those who no doubt will read this article, but all I know from actual experience is that thing that has belped our mission work for Christ in the Labrador has been not the jolly drives with do~s over ice floes, or the breezes and the whitecaps, or the fogs and shoals, or the human idiosyncrasies and our own limitations, but it has been the attention given to the publicity end of the work. I can look back on many an anxious journey· and many a one doubtful of success, when I left Labrador to lecture in Canada or the United States. How well I remember investing a much valued $500 in a moving picture camera-that of course couldn't come out of the mission funds, and yet should be regarded as a legitimate mission outlay, before movies were so common or so taboo. How many hours and dollars have I spent on trying to paint lantern slides until I could see the businessfor-the-Lord end of having that work done by experts because it was the Lord's business! Why do men pay high prices for a seat for an evening's lecture of the best kind by our travelogue friends? I consider Mr. Burton Holmes a missionary, though I dare say he doesn't think so. He gives invaluable information in an attractive way to a people who need good entertainment and above all only need, I believe, knowledge of the facts to want to do the "right thing." But Burton Holmes does not speak the languages and ean't know each country half as well as the missionaries. Do not missionaries owe some real debt before God to the people, who at least make possible by their gifts the missionary's service in a foreign field ~ It is our duty to cultivate them more, to inspire them more, to give them the real joy that should be bought by a subscription or a gift, so that they will have as keen a desire to do more as if one brought them back old embroidery from China, a kimono from Japan, or a scarab from Egypt.

I am only arguing from my own" experience round the world" that there is still an infinite 16t to be told that mwer is told. Those who give to missions money instead of life, must st:q at home to earn it to give, and are only mortals after all. In the light of round-theworld steamers, excursions and trips, in the li!!M of Thos. Cook and Son and Raymond and Whitcomb and other il~t'llcies, we should be

A LETTER FROM DR. GRENFELL, OF LABR.ADOR

modern enough at least to invent some way to afford thousands of people who travel and can appreciate stories of the lands they visit, some attractive way of learning the things they don't know now, the things that would touch their hearts. Such facts would perhaps furnish their lives with the real challenge capable of breaking through the crust, and reaching the heart that hasn't been accustomed to attend missionary meetings.

A third great lesson we learned was that we, who really believe that the best thing all around the world is that the body of men and women in whose hearts the love of Jesus Christ dwells, owe a debt to the world, or rather have an opportunity to serve the Kingdom of God in the world in a way that is not now being done. Many who can't preach a sermon, can take a photo, write up a story, paint a picture, or give a lecture course. This conception of service would give "a job for Ohrist" to many "who don't know what to do for Him. " Many have applied to mission boards but couldn't be sent. Wben Mr. Moody led me to see how I, a young London" saw-bones," might really justify my poor existence in service to God, I asked a most evangelical clergyman what to do. He hadn't anything to tell me-except a thing I knew I couldn't do. A patient with a tubercular spine lying in our hospital one day asked, "But what can I do 1" "Grin when the doctor hurts you, " I said, "and smile when the nurse dresses you. It vill help them all day long. It will help the patient in the next bed-and it will be a real blessing to yourself." Dr. Houghton of the Pekin University Th'[edical College agreed that tourists do not have a real chance to see for themselves what mission work is accomplishing, only because the contact is missing. Oan we, ought we not, to supply such contacts better r The best of engines is useless for all its power without a contact spark.

SOME PECULIARITIES OF SOUTH AMERICA W INTER comes in the North American summer and autumn comes in our spring. The north wind is hot and the south wind is cold. Hovels crowd on palaces, and costly motor cars choke narrow streets.

The natives speak their own language with a foreign accent, and people and plants alike seem strange transplanted things that have taken on queer forms in the new soil. Here, blue eyes are set in swarthy faces, fat, fair features flash brilliant tropic smiles, shining black orbs peer out over rosy English cheeks.

Exiled oak trees in Argentina and Chile in despair at the topsyturvy seasons, put out buds on one side while on the other side their leaves tnrn brown and shudder in an antarctic gale.

Straw hats are often worn with thick fur coats, houses are floored with marble, and streets are paved with wood.

REHARD LEARNED DWIGHT W

FIFTY GOLDEN YEARS IN .JAPAN Jubilee of Dr. and ];frs. Dwight W. [,earned, Kyoto, Japan F EW have been privileged to serve Christ in a foreign land for a full half-century. This is the experience of two well-known missionaries of the American Board, Dr. and Mrs. Dwight W. Learned, who this year celebrate both their golden wedding and their jubilee of missionary service.

Dr. Learned is now nearly seventy-seven years of age, having been born in Canterbury, Connecticut, on October 12, 1848. He was graduated from Yale in 1870 and sailed for Japan November 1, 1875, where he he:ped to organize the Kyoto station and joined Dr. Joseph Hardy Neesima in Doshisha University. Mrs. Learned was Florence H . Rehard. She was born in Whiteeyes Plains, Ohio, on March 20, 1857, married Dr. Learned on July 7, 1875 and four months later sailed with him for Japan. Their daughter Grace is the wife of Rev. William L. Curtis, also a missionary in Japan.

Dr. and Mrs. J.learned are known among their fellow missionaries for their Christian earnestness, their cheery hospitality and loving consideration of others. For :fifty years t.hey have lightened the burdens and have made life brighter and more fruitful for many missionaries. The Japanese pastors and evangelists who have been Dr. Learned's pupils also bear witness to his helpfulness and wise, genuine f riendship. He is reticent but wise and strong. His memory is accurate and his industry is untiring. Large volumes of church history, political economy and commentaries have come from his pen for the benefit of the Japanese. He is now revising his commentaries in order to replace the plates destroyed in the earthquake and fire of two years ago. Beyond all this Dr. Learned is a man of rare culture and Christlike character and Mrs. Learned has not only been a true missionary but has made her husband's service doubly effective.

798 EDITED BY MRS. E. C. CRONK, 721 MUHLENBURG BLDG., PHILADEI,PHIA, PA.

WHEN YOU STUDY I,ATIN-AMERICA Every church should devote some home may invite a half dozen or more time to the study of Latin-America business women to her home for an during the coming year. Do not drift evening class. Teen age boys or girl~ through the year with good intentions will respond to an invitation to learn to arrange for the study some time if more of the" Makers of South Amerpossible. Make definite decisions and ica" at the invitation of some man or plans and carry them out. woman who knows how to interest them, and the junior children will Extend the influence beyond the line up for classes in "Building the bounds of a few mission study classes. Americas." This year, with its Think Latin-America throughout the wealth of material for all ages, is a church and the Sunday-school. good year to begin your School of Missions. In that school do not fail . SEVENTEEN SUGGESTIONS to give place also to the study of Mrs. Montgomery's book, "Prayer and 1. Announce in advance, " Six Missions. " Weeks in Latin-America. " Get everybody thinking about and talk- 3. Decorate your Sunday-school ing about Latin-America. Posters, rooms or parish buildings with flags bulletins, and pulpit and class an- of South American countries. nouncements will arouse interest. At a Sunday-school assembly period 4. Display Latin-American pichave an announcement made by a tures. Order the New Picture Sheet dozen or more boys and girls each on Latin America, which is a twelvecarrying a large placard on which is page folder of interesting pictures. printed some fact of interest. The They may be cut apart and mounted bearer of the first placard should on cardboard, or displayed on charts walk to center of platform and hold and posters, or in Latin-American high the placard so everyone can read albums to be passed around in classes it, and then move to side as the sec- among early arrivals. The price of ond placard takes center place and so the picture sheet is 2:) cents. on. The pianist should play softly 5. Arrange for a stereopticon lecas the march of facts and announcements proceeds. The announce- ture or a series of lectures on Latinments may be read in unison by the America. Write to your board for school, if a variation of this plan is information. If your board has steredesired, with some strong voice lead- oscopes with pictures for rent get ing. them for circulation among various groups. 2. Plan as many mission study classes for as many groups of various 6. If it is possible to have a misages as possible. Some business or sionary or some one who has visited professional man will lead a down- your mission stations in Latin-Amertown group of men who will gather ica come to your church, arrange for at their lunch hour one day a week a first-hand information talk. Busifor six or eight weeks at a club house ness men are especially interested in or Y. l.VI. C. A. for a men's discussion South America at the present time group. A woman with an attractive and a talk by some one who knows business as well as religious condi- 799

tions will command their attention if these materials are available for genit is properly announced. eral use. Unless the people of the churches know they are there they 7. Display maps of Latin-America will not be used, and unless they are on the walls of Sunday-school rooms. used the library will not be interested 'fhere i8 a new map 33×48 inches in getting next year's books. showing all Protestant mission stations. Price, 60 cents. Mark in red 13. Have a South America Tag the stations of your own church and Day in your Sunday-school. Trace an see that frequent reference is made outline from a small map of South to the map on various occasions. America. Make, from colored paper, as many cut-outs as there are mem- 8. Furnish small outline maps of bers of your school. Punch holes Latin-America to individual mem- near the top and tie strings of conbers of classes. Let them locate prin- trasting color to make tags. Write cipal rivers, cities and mission sta- or print with a typewriter, a short tions. The price of outline maps, crisp fact about South America on about 11×14 inches, is 25 cents a each tag. Appoint a tagging comdozen. mittee to be on hand early and to see 9. Do not fail to get the new pic- that each member is tagged for South ture map of Latin-America which is America. There should be enough something new in missionary ma- members on the committee to do the terials for boys and girls. The price tagging without delay, and to inof this map is 50 cents, and with it is struct those who are tagged to memfurnished a series of sketches telling orize their facts or quotations, and be the story of the I,atin-American peo- ready to repeat them when called for. ple, the outstanding historical events The call may be made by departand the work of Christian missions. ments or classes. Boys and girls remember the lessons they learn with scissors and paste, The same general plan may be and after they have completed their adopted for a semi-social affair, each picture map their minds will be stored guest being given a pencil and paper with important information about and told to copy from the tags pinned Latin-America. on other guests as many quotations as possible. A book on Latin-America 10. Tell a storv of Latin-America may be presented to the guest who each Sunday for six or eight weeks in copies the largest number in a given your Sunday-school. For the Pri- time. In this way guests have an mary Department there is a set of informal introduction to each other Latin-America Primary Pic t u r e and at the same time, an opportunity Stories, price, 50 cents, which con- of acquiring information in a very tains six large pictures with a pam- delightful way. phlet of stories-one for each picture. Stories for juniors may be found in 14. Introduce a Latin-American guest at every meeting of your mis- "Building the Americas," by Sara sion study class or at successive ses- Estelle Haskin, and "The Land of sions of your Sunday-school. One the Golden Man," by Anita B. Fer- guest may impersonate a missionary ris. The book, "Makers of South who gives his impressions of condi- America" gives good intermediate tions in general. Another may be a story material. mother of Brazil who tells of her fruitless search for a priest who would 11. Arrange for a special Latin- baptize her baby when she had no American story hour in your com- money to pay. A third guest may be munity or church or some week day an Indian of South America who tells or Sunday afternoon. of the numbers, conditions and needs of his people. 12. See that all the new books and magazines glvmg interesting ma- A girl or a boy may impersonate a terial on Latin-America are placed in pupil of an evangelical mission school your city library, and have announcements made in all the churches that

BBBT METHODS

and tell of the school life and work. the Montevideo .conference the wife Other simple monologue possibilities of the president of an important will be suggested as you read the manufacturing plant, who was an books for the year. active layman, said, "If my husband had known about that conference and 15. News from Latin-America may that he could have gone as a delegate, be given at a class or Sunday-school I believe he would have gone." No session by a half dozen or more mem- one in his denomination thought that bers each of whom has been appointed such a busy business man would conto have ready for effective telling sider that trip, and his delegation some item of news and progress, or went without its full quota. People a Latin-American News Bulletin serv- frequently do things we never thought ice may be established to run for a they would do, and one missionary period of six or eight weeks. On opportunity lies in persuading people large sheets of ordinary brown or to arrange for tours of mission fields. white wrapping paper the committee in charge may print important items 19. The greatest opportunity of all and facts. These bulletins may be is to make this a time of special placed around the walls of the room prayer for Latin-America. In the in which meetings are held. The prayer meetings, in the church serv- "Story of the Montevideo Congress" ices, and the Sunday-school, and in in the July number and various arti- various organizations, as well as with cles in this number of the REVIEW will individuals there should be much furnish excellent material for bulle- prayer. A special hour's prayer tins. meeting may be held, based on this number of the REVIEW. Items of in- 16. Hold a I,atin-America Exhibit formation gleaned from various artiat the close of the courses of study cles may be given by different indiin the various organizations. The viduals, followed by prayer for the maps, pictures, charts and posters needs suggested, together with thankswill form an exhibit in themselves to giving. which may be ad~ed products furnished to us by Latin-American coun- Members who are unable at attend tries, and models of mission stations. may receive special requests to join As the study progresses exhibit sug- in the prayer in their homes, and suggestions will occur to various mem- gestions may be I,Plven to parents for bers of the class. subjects fOl' their family prayer, 17. Of course there should be gifts Every church should study" Prayer for Latin-American missions this and Missions" also this veal' and year. JliIany North American firms there should be throughout ou; land are opening their South American a .coordina~ion in mission study that branches. Big business men will con- WIll result III much prayer for the missider big propositions. Individuals sions in J…atin America. or groups may assume the support of a scholar or of an entire school. Do TEACHING WORLD OITIZENSHIP not say, "Nothing can be done," until you dare to undertake to do some- TO CHILDREN thing. THOMAS CONNOVER 18. There are many tours now which include Latin-American coun- From the hilltops of Galilee the tries. Enlist the interest of members great World Citizen, when yet a Boy, of your church in personal visitation could see the long caravans moving of mission stations. Many people go eastward and southward to peoples to South America without seeing any- for whom He came to live and die, thing of evangelical missions. See and on to the sea westward to bear that your members go on the tours the message of His love to distant that include the mission fields. After shores. So, in a little village of scarce a thousand souls among the hills of 5 New Jersey, we have gathered from fifty to a hundred children, who come

of their own accord, into a Vacation children have made. They can readily School, and there we have tried to see how much better town or com- teach them to be world citizens. From munity, they might have formed, if the hilltops of vision we have taken they had been given the vision of true them by train and by boat to visit Christian citizenship in their youth.

their brothers and sisters in desert HUrr,DING TITE STATE and mountain, forest and sea, and to claim them as fellow citizens in the During the second and third years great world community. the same method is pursued except CITIZENSIlIP IN THE MAKING that for the second year the citizens build a model of their State, and for After experimenting for ten or the third year the model of the Mall twelve years along the lines of the at Washington. When citizenship in ordinary Vacation School, where the the state is taught, not only is the Bible, music, play, scouting, manual state house built, but all the state in- work and various kinds of nature stitutions of charity and correction, study were taught, we developed a normal schools, colleges, training school in "Christian Citizenship," schools and the Cathedral, or what- covering four years and using largely ever symbolizes the Church working the project method. The first year is in the state and with the state for given to training our boys and girls their common wards. The citizens to be Christian citizens in the com- elect the governor, and the state legis- munity. A model village, or town, is lature, and they actually make laws actually built, occupying a floor space and sometimes pass them over the of twenty by thirty feet. As the boys governor's veto. The historic side and girls build the school, the church, also of the state is studied, its great the hospital, the library and town heroes and their contribution to the hall, the fire honse, they elect by nation and the world. Its play- popular vote their own boards of grounds and preserves are visited by Bducation, and of health, of church, post card or picture and again the and town government, 'fhey have Bible lessons are woven into the whole their mayor, their visiting nurses' scheme. For instance the seniors !lssociation, their street commis- study the miracles of our Lord as sioner, and other officials. Correlated the inspiration and guide for the with all this are their lessons from state's care of the tubercular, the the Bible, their note books in civics, blind, the defective and others in their playground work (where they special need. Again, when citizen- are taught as fellow citizens to give ship in the nation is taught during and take), their music, and their the third year, in connection with the " Citizens' Assembly. " This As- erection of our national capital, and sembly is an important feature of the the buildings that surround it, the school. After the opening march, citizens elect the president, and the hymn, and prayer, citizens bring vol- members of congress. The cabinet is untary gifts of flowers, pictures and formed and the post office, the army, stories which they have found to navy, and many such forms of na- adorn the town, or to interest their tional service are explained, among fellow-citizens. They are taught to them the life-saving stations along contribute something, however little the coasts showing the care of our it may be, to the community welfare. country for its citizens in danger.

All through the days of the school The national parks, some thirty- session of six weeks, they are uncon- seven in number, are visited by pic- sciously preparing in song and reci- ture, or story. Great nation builders tation for the final pageant given at of the Bible and these of other coun- the closing exercises, when their par- tries as well as our own are studied, ents and other adult citizens are and the parables of our Lord are asked to come to see the town these taught as containing the spirit of true

1925J BEST ME'J'HODS

In the town ot Bernardsville, rew Jersey~ from fifty to one hU1:'dred children gather In the summer fQf a. Dally Vacation School in Christian Citizenship. A fOUl' years' course bas been prepared dealing with oiUzenshlp In the commu.nlty. in th e state, In the nation and in the world. The illustration sho~rs lheir mod el ot tbe nation 's cap it!}i. 8!ld otb er government buildings ~rected by the boys and girls durlng the third year course.

Alt. Vernon Embassy White House Library S~nate BuUdings Potomac River St. John·. Church U. S. Treu•. Union Station Capitol Army & Navy Bldg. Patent 01llce National Museum Library Congress Lincoln Memorial ".Tash ington's Monument Pan Amer. High School Agriculture Bldg. Printing & Engraving Bldg. Red Cross D. A. R. Bldg.

Arlington Park Potomac

–, ~ Fol' their fourth year in ChrlsUan Cit1zenship. the boys and girls ot St. Bernard's Church, Bernardsville, New .Jersey. g ive th eir attention to c iti zensblp In th e world. The ir model ot the world with buildings and object s 01 s pec ia l inte rest suggests th e s plendid possibilities for training in w_orid citizenship afforded by this course.

N OR1'J{ AMERI CA.:- Alaska, Cburch , Anvik; EURO PB : Irel a nd: Mon u.s t ery, Iona : En g – Palcstin ~ : Holy L and, Cave Bethlehem, Sea land; House ~ a rJiam.ent , Westm in ~tcr ~ b – Ha.waii, Cable Sin.; Calif., Golden Gate, bey, London BrIdge; Scotl a nd: Un l~. Edm- Galilee. AFRI CA: Egypt : Pyramids ~ Statue Liv- LrniackCaOlblsa~e;rvWatoarsyl;inMgtiossnioMn'oSnaun~ eJnots; e ' Pana- ~~~~~~: ~~~:tnd;usu~:~~aJ:~g'ver~a~ft~: ~ Capitol ; ingstone. ASIA ~ Cbir, ese Wa ll , Bri dge : India: T'aj Statue Llberty; ' South America.; Chemical Spain: Statue Colum'l>us, Alh ambra; Ger- m a ny: :J niv. Berli~l; Ru~sia: Univ. Moscow; Bldg. Mahal; Japan: Temple of Wind.

1925'] BEST METHODS

democracy. The national council of Abraham, Moses (the Ten Command- the Church with its departments of ments being the law of universal missions, education, social service are brotherhood), Jonah, our Lord's say- studied and the session is closed with ings as to His relationship to the a pageant illustrating the spirit of world, the apostolic and later church King Alfred, Columbus, the Pilgrims, heroes with world visions, such as Washington, Lincoln, and other true St. Peter, St. Paul, Xavier, Damien, souls, seeking after and discovering Livingstone, Carey, Boone. On the the great principles of freedom as project map of the world are built found only in a citizenship built upon the great world monuments such as the brotherhood of man as taught us the Chinese Wall, the pyramids of by our Lord and Saviour, Jesus Egypt (symbols of exclusion and self- Christ. ishness) the Parthenon at Athens, BUn,DING A VORLD the Colosseum at Rome, Westminster All this very naturally leads up to Abbey (the shrine of world benefacthe course in World Citizenship given tors), the Louvre Gallery in Paris, in the fourth year, which perhaps the Suez and Panama Canals, the Lick would interest the readers of the MIS- Observatory in California, the Chemi- SIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD espe- cal Laboratory in Peru, the statues cially and which is always the ulti- of Columbus in Spain, and Livingmate purpose of the school. At the stone in Africa, the Capitol at Washvery beginning, in the Erst year, there ington, the Peace Palace at The is hung before the boys and girls for Hague, and above all the Cross on their daily consideration our school Calvary-all these illustrating the banner, with a series of four circles, gift of art, discovery, law, peace and t.he inner circle representing a house divine love for the whole world. in the hills with a path leading into Again, on the playground the games the outer circles of the state, adorned of various nations are played and the with its coat of arms, the nation, WIth customs of children in other lands are the stars and stripes, and of the noted. The closing pageant consists world, resplendent wit!l the flagS of of the World on her throne, calling all nations. each nation before her to tell of its contribution to the common good of Perhaps some mormng aL assembly mankind. After each has told its a boy is asked what he had had for story, and the World seems still in breakfast. the dark, an angel bids Mothe~ Chnrch call the nations of the world "Eggs, butter, bread and cocoa," to the cave at Bethlehem and there, may be his reply. beholding the Light of the World, TIley all bow in adoration to the King "Where did you get them from?" of Love, and the Prince of Peace, is the teaeher's next question. in whom alone can all men every- where come into the fellowship and "The eggs, from the chicken coop, inheritance of the children of God the butter from a farmer, and bread and realize the joy and the glory of and cocoa from the store." being world citizens.

"But where did the bread and cocoa come from originally?"

"The bread from the wheat fields of Minnesota, and the cocoa from the trees of South America, or the West DENOMINATIONAL LOYALTY AND Indies. " INTERDENOMINATIONAL CO- OPERATION "Then your breakfast has obligated you to your community, your state, your country and the world. You On the closing day of the Blue have the whole world inside of you. Ridge Conference of the Missionary You truly are a world citizen." Education Movement, denominational The Bible stories are chosen to fit meetings were held in the early after- the world brotherhood idea, such as noon at which leaders had opportu-

nities to di8CUSS thoroughly with an eight-year-old boy and received in their delegates denominational plans the name of 111e congregation by the and programs. At the hour set for pastor. closing these meetings the bugler blew an assembly call. From various di- It suggested at least one missing rections seven denominational groups link in our missionary program. In marched to the large lohby of Robert many churches there is little knowl- FJ. Lee Hall to ;, Onward Christian edge and littl e interest on the part of Soldiers," played on a cornet. The the congregation as a whole in the leader of each group held aloft a card missionary activity of the boys and on which was printed a single word. girls. As the groups made a circle formation joining hands the leaders turned the On the other hand the boys and cards, so that the words were visible. girls frequently do not think of their They formed the sentence: "Weare Sunday-school or their Mission Band all one in Christ Jesus." as part of the congregation. There The hymn. "Blest Be the Tie That Binds Our Hearts in Christian Love" was sung. As a smaller circle of missionaries present formed inside the large circle, "Take My Life and Let It Be" was sung in consecration of life not only in mission service in the field, but in encircling support of those who stay at home.

THE MISSING LINK IN THE MIS- SUNDAY SCHOOL LINKED WITH CHURCH ACTIVITIES SIONARY PROGRAM WlJIlam Lohse presenting ono hundred In many congregations there are and thirteen dollars to Pastor Oliver D. various unrelated organizations with BaHzly. a special contribution from the unrelated missionary pro g ram s . primary departmE;'.nt for Ta.bitha Orphan Every missionary activity should be part of a unified plan of the church. Home.

No organization should work as are frequent opportunities for coorunto itself alone. Even if you have dination and cooperation. The chilnot heen able to have a church cabinet dren '8 organization may invite the or a missionary committee represent- congregation to an annual missionary ing all of the organizations of yoU!" exhibit. Sometimes a boy or girl may church, you can do some coordinating tell a story at a meeting of the conwork. The first Sunday in June was gregation or of some adult organiza- Children's Dav in Kountze Memorial tion, or present a poster or chart Lutheran Church of Omaha, Nebraska. showing some activity in which the It was also the "day of the big hail children are engaged. storm. " While the hail stones of unbelievable size were pelting late ar- Leaders who are on the lookout will rivals and breaking scores of win- see many opportunities for a closer dows in buildings and cars, through- relationship in the missionary activiout the city, a large congregation of ties of the varions organizations of children and adults were proceeding the church. with their morning service.

One of the suggestive features was the presentation of a gift of one hundred and thirteen dollars for a near-by orphan home, made in the /lame of the Primary Department by

Woman's Foreign Mission

EDITED BY MISS ELLA D. MACLAURIN, 25 MADISON AVENUE, NEW YORK CITY UNDER THE SOUTHERN CROSS season was just over and we had char- By ELrZABE'!'H COLE FLEMING tered this hotel 'for the Congress. Three hundred and fifteen of us were On February 29th there sailed from there ten days in close fellowship. ~elV York on the S. S. Southern We represented eighteen nations of Cross a party of forty-five men and women from North America, most of the earth. whom had never before seen each This Congress marks a new era in other and who came from many states, but who were bound together by mu- the South American evangelical movetual love for the spread of Christ's ment. It was significant from the Kingdom in South America. first that Spanish was to be the lan- guage of the Congress. The leader- Each morning on the boat our party ship was turned over to the Nationals met for the study of one of the twelve and those of us who were unfortunate prepared reports dealing with vari- enough not to understand Spanish ous phases of work in South America. had to content ourselves as best we Not a little of the profit of this trip could in patience until the meager was due to our study before reaching translations were given us at the South America's shores. At Rio de close of each address. Janeiro we had our first glimpse of the wondrous beauties of this tropical There semed to be a remarkable land and the magnificent harbor unanimity as we discussed the variwhich is said to be the most beautiful ous reports which had been prepared in the world. Here we also received with so much care. The spirit was our first impressions of the need of altogether harmonious and forwardthis great continent. Luxurious as were the hotels and shops, Studebaker looking policies were created. taxis, and the broad boulevards stud- The most interesting features were ded with electric lights, we felt almost immediately the low moral standards the evening sessions called " The of the people. As women we seemed Night of the Open Heart." Here we hardly safe on the streets alone. The came in contact with distinguished whole atmosphere and the way men visitors who were outside the Catholic looked at us, reminded me of Moham- Church and as yet unwilling to unite medanism in India. The fact is with the Protestant Church. These Moslem influence has left its heavy so-called intellectllals were, however, hand upon Spanish customs to this willing to accept our invitation to day. Women of the better class do speak freely about things nearest to not go into the shops to buy-the their hearts as they bore with us a shops come to them. All life for deep desire for the uplift of their own women is restricted and balcony court- peoples. The most difficult problem ships are still maintained. to face was frankly stated by them, and recognized by us to be the fact that, as Prof. Nelson said in a power- ful address on The Moral Status in South American Life, "we are march- After a regional conference held ing under a discredited banner"-a here with the workers, we moved on handicap which we do not have in any to Sao Paulo and Santos and then by other country. Morality and Christi- boat to Montevideo. We soon found anitv have heen utterly unrelated in ourselves in the charming Hotel Poci- the presentation of Christianity which tos on the most magnificent stretch of has been given to them through the beach which I have ever seen. The Roman Catholic Church, so that they 807

quite honestly felt that they must turn for their lives of devotion and patient away from organized religion in order labor will cling in memory always. to attain to the ideals of purity. The trip up the West Coast by boat from Valparaiso was surprisingly in- There were very interesting women teresting, although we were in sight in this group of intellectuals-Drs. of the most arid and desolate region Cora Mayers of Chile, Senora de all the way to the Canal. One can- not fail to mention the extraordinary Johnson and Senora de Nelson. Their phenomena of bird life off the Peruvery presence among us was the vian coast and the glimpse of excelprophecy of a new day in their think- lent missionary work being done in ing as well as ours. They were recog- the city of Lima. Especially enthusinized for the first time as near allies astic were the part~' over the remarkin this great enterprise of bringing in ahle work of Dr. ][cCornack whose the better life. It was significant that hospital was famons all through South when their particular part of the pro- America. It was as if we had sudgram was over, they felt no desire to denly come into Paradise when one leave the Congress but stayed through morning we opened our eyes upon all the days with us in happy fellow- the luxuriant foliage of the Canal ship and learned at first hand that Zone. That day passing through the the hearts of the evangelicals were locks was one of the most interesting. large enough to include them, al- It seemed almost that we were home. though nominall~' Homan Catholics, in this close fellowship of Christ and His As I review the multitude of new group. One of the outstanding Latin impressions and sympathies which women said to one of our number, "I were awakened by the sight of this had no idea that the Protestant Chris- great Continent and our rapid trip tians were so broad. I have enjoyed around it, I must confess that I was more than I can tell you this confer- stirred most deeply by The Christ of ence and I want a copy of the Bible, the Andes. We spent four days bealso I want you to teach me how to tween trains at the highest point use it." where the railroad stops, in order that I shall not try to go into further we might on one of these days ascend detail of this great Congress for I by mule or wagonette to that highest must hurry on to give you just the point, almost thirteen thousand feet, sweep of the continent as we saw it upon which stands this most remarkand then my own most outstanding able monument in all the world. experience. When one reviews the history of From Montevideo we crossed the those days in 1900 when Argentine River Plate, forty-five miles wide, to and Chile were in dispute over their Buenos Aires, that great stirring boundary line, which involved 80,000 metropolis which is more Parisian square miles, one is not surprised to than Paris itself. Here more regional find they faced a situation of war conferences were held and for the which has become very familiar to us men and women members of our party of recent days. Immense sums of special hospitality was offered by the money were being put into battleships Y. W. C. A. with its large groups of and taxes which were sorely needed to secretaries, local and continental. develop physical resources and edu- Mter the Easter week spent in this cational facilities. Fortunately, there city, we crossed the .Andes to the west arose a man of vision who pleaded for coast, visiting Santiago and Valpa- the settling of this dispute not by war raiso, which are very different in their but by arbitration, and through sysold Spanish civilization from the pro- tematic efforts on the part of several gressive and Europeanized eastern who caught this vision, public opincoast. Many of us felt a charm about ion was aroused in both countries to Chile which was hard to explain. The such an extent that in 1903 a treaty warmth of cordiality extended by the was signed and this boundary line missionaries and ·our great admiration

1925J WOMAN'S FOREIGN MISSION BULLETIN

fixed by King Edward of England. gerous for the mules, the ropes were As far as one can learn, this was the taken by the soldiers and sailors until first time in history that a boundary by the combined effort of beast and line between two countries had ever man they were able to place the figure been arbitrated. It was not enough of the Christ upon its great pedestal that this act be recorded in statc on the boundary line, one-half on Chilrecords. The soul of these people had ean soil and one-half on Argentine risen so high they wished to symbolize soil. In imagination one can see again the spirit of this "other way than the hundreds from each country who war" in some form so striking and came up on mule-back to witness the unveiling of this monument in 1904. THE CHRIST OF THE ANDES The Argentines took their position on On the boundary between Arti~lltina B:ud ChUe the Chilean soil and the Chileans on the Argentine soil, while the booming significant that all the world could see of guns and music resounded through and understand. And so the cannon those mountainsides, followed by solwere melted into bronze. An Argen- emn silence and the dedication of the tine sculptor moulded it into the fig- statue to the whole world as a lesure of the Christ and by gigantic feats son of peace and goodwill. of strength and courage, this great monument was conveyed on gun-wag- It is thrilling to stand under the ons from Mendoza at the foot of the shadow of this great bronze figure, Andes up those perilous steeps round twenty-six feet in height, upon its and round the spurs of these barren octagonal granite pedestal of twentymountains until it reached the very two feet. The Christ of The Andes highest point which was accessible supporting the cross in one arm and among the eternal snows. It is said stretching forth the other in blessing, that when the road became too dan- faces toward North America. There is nothing known in history which has for us today such a timely message as this-Chdst of the Andes. Not only did these two nations settle their boundary lines, but in a great act of faith pledged themselves to eternal friendship. One reads with awe the inscription on the bronze tablet be- neath: "Sooner shall these moun- tains crumble into dust than the peo- ples of Argentine and Chile break the peace to which they have pledged themselves at the feet of Christ the Redeemer. " If South America should have no other message for our world than this we still would say she has made her immortal contribution. In humility and in gratitude let us pledge our- selves anew to share with her our interpmtation and experience of the facts of life. She needs our living Christ for the plai.ns and we need her exalted Chri:;;t of the Andes! EDITED BY FLORENCE E. QUINr,,N, 156 FIFTH AVENUE, KEW YORK WEST INDIES German on the grounds of the Poly- By C. S. DETWEILER. technic Institute. 'rhis is we II attended and full of enthusiasm. The report of t.he Committee on West Indies, There is no doubt that this annual C. S. Detweiler, Chairman, a sub-committee of conference for Bible study, for deepthe Committee on Cooperation in Latin America, composed of representatives of :10me and foreign mission boards, ening of the spiritual life and for Porto Rico recreation, does much to keep the Porto Rico continues to be the one various churches working in close field in Latin-America where interde- harmony. nominational cooperation has been most successful and most advanced. The Evangelical Seminary in Rio The Evangelical Union, comprising Piedras held its sixth session. Each Reven out of ten Prote~tant denomina- year has demonstrated the wisdom of tions at wOllk on the island, reports for this united effort for training Spanthe year 1924 a total of two organized ish-speaking pastors. It has accomchurches with 13,000 members in full plished more in raising the standard communion; 383 Sunday-schools with of ministerial qualification than a total membership of 26,000; 190 would have been possible under the church buildings and total contribu- old system of separate schools. The tions for all purposes aggregating student body numbers thirty-nve, $60,871. These indicate only a part which is about the limit of the capacof the strength of Protestantism in ity of the present building. Of these Porto Rico. The growing influence of students one is from the Island of the Protestant element is seen in the Santo Domingo, and six from Venefact that their cooperation is sought zuela. Three or four additional in all projects for social welfare, and students would have come to the Semespecially cooperation with the public inary if there had been room for schools. A very large proportion of their enrollment in the Rio Piedras the Porto Rico school teachers are High School. With the overcrowded members of Protestant churches and condition of the public high schools, it a not inconsiderable number of them hal> become increasingly difficult for are teachers in our Sunday-schools. ministerial students who come from The Commissioner of Public Educa- the country where there are no high schools, to obtain the required prep- tion, the first Porto Rican to be ap- aration for the Seminary. It is a pointed to this high office by the Pres- notable fact that of the n~w students ident of the United States, is an active entering the Seminary only one does member of the Methodist communion. not qualify for the full diploma The Chief .rustice of the Supreme course. This means that we are soon Court of the island, while not a mem- to have on the island a native min- ber of any church, belongs to the istry measuring up to the full college whole evangelical body and has many and seminary standards of the United ti.mes given expression to his Chris- States.

tian faith from the platform and the Two advance steps have been taken pulpits of our evangelical churches. fluring the past year: property has heen pllrchased llPon which an ade- The Summer Conference, partici- qllate permanent plant can be built, pated in by all the ehnrches of the and the Seminary has been incorpo- Bv:mgelical Union ifl h~ld at San 81() rated, glvmg it the privileges and their responsibility as creators of pubprestige which an educational institu- lic conscience. tion ought to have. Haiti The Porto Rico Evangelical Press continues its usefulness in serving all The mission boards of the United the denominations. There is published States, functioning through the Comevery two weeks a paper that goes mittee on Cooperation in Latininto the homes of all our members America, have alJocated to Northern and promotes the spiritual unity of Baptists the primary responsibility all who name the name of Christ, for the evangelization of Haiti. Little besides being a power for righteous- by little it is being discovered that ness in the social life of the island. there is already a considerable body of Protestants on the island. The Cuba Protestant Episcopal Church of the United States has a number of Only three of the six leading Prot- churches in Haiti dating back from estant bodies are committed to the co- the efforts of Bishop Holley, a North operative program. These are the American Negro who began his work Presbyterians, the Northern Baptists in Haiti with a colony of freedmen and the Priends. The Northern Bap- about the time of our Civil War. tists and the Priends are in the east- Then there are a number of Baptist ern part of the island, about five and Wesleyan churches which owe llUndred miles distant from the Pres- their origin to missionaries from Engbyterians. In spite of this handicap land, who began their ministry as far a united summer conference has been back [1,81842. The Wesleyan Missionheld each year. ary Societv of Great Britain still maintains its work in Haiti. It has Rev. Sylvester ,Jones is secretary one English missionary as superinof the Cuban Committee on Coopera- tendent of a number of churches. tion. In Havana he has successfully This mission has not bp,en strong-ly developed the business of a bookstore, supported and at the present time not only making sales over the coun- their churches are weak. The directer, but also ministering through mail tors of the society in London have orders to all the churches of the expressed themselves as feeling that i"land. In addition to this he has now, since the American occupation, acted as the representative on the responsibility for Haiti should rest island of the International Associa- with the American boards. The Afrition of Daily Vacation Bible Schools ean Methodist Episcopal Church has and is promoting each summer the one representative and one church in work of these schools. He has also Haiti. Lott Carey Baptist Missionacted as Secretary of the Interde- ary Convention of the United States nominational Sunday-school Conven- has one missionary and one ehurch tion and has been active in temperance with several strong outstations. Then work. A leader of his type is neces- there are as many as twelve Baptiflt sary if all the Cuban evangelical churches of all degrees of strength, churches are to make common cause many of which have maintained their against social evils, and if they are life for years unaided by funds from to have united representation as an without. Most of their pastors nave essential element of the body politic. been self-supporting and therefore The Cuban Republic in its struggle have not had time to give to aggresto find itself and to overcome the sive evangelization of outlying reforces of political corruption needs to gions. The notable exeeption t(} this feel in an increasing way the power has been the work of Pastor L'HeriRof an enlightened Christian con- son in; .Tacmel, who has evangelized science. The Protestant churches of the countrv districts in the south of Ouba are beginning to appreciate the Repnbiic, built ten stone chapels

with a membership of about one thou- tendent on the field has under his sand, and with a total following of direction the various activities. There more than two thousand. Another are now on the field three English- aggressive leader has been a French- speaking couples, one each for evan- man who has maintained himself for gelistic, medical and social work, four thirty years in the village of Trou in English-speaking nurses, three Porto the North, and has been successful in Rican preachers and two Dominican training a number of Haitians of pastors, twelve Dominican student some education and standing. The nurses and a pharmacist. Organized American Baptist Home Mission So· churches with various activities are ciety is helping in the educational located in the capital, San Pedro de work of Pastor L'Herisson and has Macoris, La Romana, San Cristobal, taken over the responsibility for the and Barahona. The hospital in Santo work of the churches in the North in Domingo City has twenty-five beds, cooperation with this French brother, an extensive work in a baby clinic Pastor Elie Marc. Two missionaries and public dispensary, with weekly from the United States are now es- clinics in two other towns. The prop- tablished-one in Cap Haitien and erty consists of one central building, one in Grand Riviere-and four day valued at $50,000, a $15,000 auditori- schools have been opened. um, and a block of ground purchased It is a pleasure to report that the this year for a hospital site. The American Navy Department is help- annual budget averages $50,000. This ing Haiti in the organization of its does not include some $15,000 raised public finances, in its police, in its in Santo Domingo, mostly through public health and public works, and the hospital, or contributions from the more recently in agricultural educa- churches in Porto Rico.

tion. Our country has taken a man- The year just closed has been a re- date for the Republic of Haiti and is markable one both from the stand- discharging its responsibilities with point of this board's work and in the careful regard for the, feelings and life of the Dominican people. The susceptibilities of the Haitians. There Dominican: government has been re- is considerable discontent among the stored to the hands of the Dominicans lighter colored elements of the prin- themselves and reports indicate that cipal cities who have not the same the new government is developing opportunity as formerly to hold gov- hopefully. As soon as the United ernment positions. But the mass of States troops were withdrawn from the people on the island, who hereto- the country, it applied for and was fore have been exploited by their own admitted to membership in the rulers, are now receiving a protection League of Nations. The withdrawal and a care that they had never had of the United States Marines from before. Great improvement can be the Republic opens many new oppor- observed on comparing conditions tunities of service to the board. The after a period of three years. That spirHual message extended to these improvement has not been more rapid people through the various depart- is due to the necessary limitations im- ments of the board's program will posed upon American officers by the help them to work out their own sal- scanty resources of the Haitian vation. They want our help. The treasury. President of the Republic and other Santo Domingo prominent Dominicans expressed this The Board for Christian Wo~k in to members of the deputation who visited Santo Domingo in the winter Santo Domingo iR an incorporated of 1923-24. body representing five mission boards The visitation of this special depuwhich support this joint work. The tation to Santo Domingo contributed administration is carried on from the largely to a better understanding of office of the Committee on Coopera- the whole enterprise by both the tion in Latin-America, A superin- board and the workers on the field.

fROM MANY

LATIN AMERICA revealed an unexpected virility and Mexican Evangelicals Con:fer capacity for sacrifice on the part of To the fifteenth annual convention pastors and people alike. A Mexican of the evangelical forces in Mex- Missionary Society was organized and ico, lleld early in .J'lly in the city of defined its purpose as spreading the Pachuca, over thr()e hundred delegates Gospel and the organization of the came from all parts of Meldco, repre- Church throughout ~rexico and in senting ten different denominations. Although Y011th predominated, many other lan<ls. About $15,000 was sub- mini~ters and other experienced scribed by the memberR of the Annual cburch workers were present. The Conference and visitors on one eve- convention was a demonstration of ning, all designated as gifts to restore real demorracy, not only religiously, the cut in Mexico. Bishop Miller de- but also socially, for side by side sat clares that in his judgment the the peon, the doctor, the editor, the amount subscribed is as much for the railroad employee, the professor, the poor people who gave it as $100,000 •miner, and the Methodist bishop. could mean to the people of Cali- Democracy extended also to that most fornia. A noticeable feature reported difficult of relations, the racial, for by Bishop Miller is the entire absence Indian, mestizo and white man all met of complaint or criticism or censure of the American churches.

on an equal plane. '1'he convention took steps to organize the national Work in Jamaica A cvangelical assemhly, with power not MISSI0NARY of the "Internaonly to discuss but to legislate in all tional Home and .Foreign Mission matters of ('ommon interest to the Board of the Church of God in many denominations included in its Christ," Elder Alfred B. CunninO"- organization. " ivrexiean 'leaders as- ham, reports encouraging results in sure me," writes Arthur F. Wesley Jamaica, British IVest Indies. This in the Christian Century, "that this soeiety supports work among Negroes is the first official Rtep towards church in Panama City, Central America and union in Me.l'ico, which they hope will Jamaica. Its headquarters are in be a reality in a few short years." Portland, Oregon. Mr. Cunningham reports large, interested audiences of Mexican Missionary Zeal colored folk and many earnest in- BISHOP GEORGE A. MILLER quirers in their little church with its has deseribrd how the Methodists dirt floor. Street meetings are held in Meldco received the news of the and tracts are distributed. Sixteen fifty per cent cnt which the Board of were baptized in December and they Poreign lfissions proposed to make in have now a prayer band, a sewing appropriations for missionary work circle, a sick-visiting band and a in that country. It came just as they burial fund. They are endeavoring were beginning the celebration of the to save money to enlarge the church.

l<1.ftieth Anniversary of Methodist missions in their land. "It seemed Guatemalan Indians Won tbat the big cut in funds would su~ely MRS. H. A. BECKER, of the Cen- tral Ameri{~an Mission writes dampen the ardor of the celebratIOn. .f,rOomneSnaignhJtj,uacfatseTr oalipmowa~nrfGuul~tmeemsaslaag:e Not so. Rather did it seem a stimulus to heroic endeavor." It seems to have 813

in Cakchiquel, the Indian language, after the burning of the Bibles he two strong Indian men stood, raising called again to see her and she said their hands toward Heaven and sig- she could not bny a Bible because the nifying their desire to accept the priest had forbidden it and he would Lord. For more than a year one of get it and burn it. But she said, these men has been attending the ,'Please read me again those precious ~ervices occasionally and reading words you read me hefore," which he the Bible, so he was convinced of the did gladly. So great was their effect truth. He immediately went to the on her that she finally decided she government building and before the would huy the hook and keep it mayor and others he protested thus: hidden trom the priest.

'From now on do not count on me to take any part whatsoever in the Ro- Indian. Seek Education man Catholic religion. Henceforth THE Arancanian Indians of South my religion will be another, the Gos- America are eager for an educapel of our Lord .Tesus Christ.' The tion and gla(Uy make sacrifices such authority answererl, "Well, since there is no law to compel you, you are free as few North American Indians or to follow the relig;ion of your choice.' white personswonld make to obtain This man is a son of one of the wealth- one. Arriving at t.he boarding schools iest old Indians 01 San Lucas. The conducted by the J;~nglish missions, other Indian who gave testimony they bring with them a sheep skin, seems to he hold, also. Yesterday an and blankets of their own make for old sick Indian man carne to my home, their bed, and a supply of cracked and during our conversation said, {,,'Tain, beans, peas, together with a 'Pedro de Paxan has been preaching limited amount of dried meat for the Gospel to my son and has been food. This is prepared by the stuinviting him to attend the meet- dents themselves, working in groups ings.' " over open lires in small cook houses built in native style. According to .Miss Edith M. Dabb, director of the Bibles Burned in Costa Rica "T. Indian Department Ot the National ABIBLE Jnstitute building for men Board, Y. C. ~-., who has just re- students has been erected in turned from a three months' study Costa Riea b~" Mr. Strachan and ag- of the South American Indian, during gressive work is being carried on. which time she attended thE' mission- The students have gone about the ary congress at iUontevideo, the greatcountry selling Bibles and Testaments p"nd doing itinerant evangelistic work. est need Clmonl! the Indians of Latin Almost invariably they have found, Amelrica is increased opportunities ~ays the Latin Amm'ican Evangelist, for education with an agricultural that the people were told by the priest to gather up the hooks of the Protes- emphasis, and health education. The tants and burn them, or tear them in Auraucanian Indians have progressed pieces. In one place where they had the farthest and are not unlike the met many who became interested in Indians of this cOlwtry. They are all the Gospel the priest, on finding that eager and ambitiou.'! for an education and are generally considered citizens in I!ood standing.-American Priend.

some had boug;ht Bibles and Scripture portions, ordered them all to be burnt, Believers Outside the (lhurch A which was <lone in the schooL Right N important group in Brazil and other I,atin American countries in front of this building, which by the way, serves as town hall, barrack, is composed of those persons, chiefly dance hall, "te., lives a woman with of the cultured class, who have to a whom one of the students had been greater or lesser extent broken with speaking ann to whom he had read a the Roman Catholic Church, and who portion of Luke's gospel. 'fhe day are profoundly dissatisfied with what

1921>J NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

they have found in the materialistic dians, are snbsidized and the travelphilosophy in which they took refuge ing expenses of a national traveling on their reaction from Romanism. evangelist are cared for. Beside this Many of these are manifesting a deep there is some money spent for literaspiritual hunger and some of them ture and clerical expense.

are trying to take refuge in beliefs like Spiritualism and Christian Sci- Two Pictures from Brazil W ence. Some of them declare them- REGINAI,D WHEEIJER, Sec- oretary of the Hoard of Foreign tlelves believers in' Christ as the great spiritual Teacher of mankind, but do lIissions of the Presbyterian Church not see their wav clear to come into in the U. S. A., who has returned Protestant churches because, as they from a recent trip through Brazil, deallege, they do not understand the scribes two contrasting scenes. The denominational divisions, and because first is the city of Bahia, "the oneof the lack of those things in Protes- time capital of the country and the tant worship with its severe simplicity center of the slave trade, and of the that appeal to the msthetic side of the power of the Roman Church. Bahia I,atin temperament. The time has today with 99 per cent of its populahas come for earnest study of the tion oj' 300,000 black descendants of problem how to approach this class those people of Africa brought bound with the gospel message, and how to to its shores, with 80 per cent illiterremove the difficulties that seem to ates, with over 50 per cent of illegitistand in the way of their enlistment mate births, with over 70 per cent of in the work of the Church. The Com- its male population contaminated by mittee on Cooperation has been trying venereal disease, is still the stronghold to arrange for lecture courses of an of the Roman Catholic Church, and interpretative .:and non-controversial through four centuries has received character by outstanding Bible no true cleansing or light from those teachers, as one method of reaching in authority in that church." them. Emphasis placed on the best The second de'Scription is of the culture and trai.ning in the mission- fidelity and courage of the Crentes, aries sent to Latin American fields t.he believers, who live along the should also bring results. Ponte Nova roael. "Like the early Christians, they live surrounded by Chilean Missionary Society hostile and unfriendly communities.

THIS organization, .founded in 1918 It is a long and lonely trail that the by the nati.onal pastors of the Protestant must follow in the tropics Methodist Church in Chile at the sug- of Brazil. But along that trail, if one gestion of Bishop W. F. Oldham, has has eyes to see, are apparent the developed into a powerful evangelical springing up of seed sown in prayer force within the country. Its avowed and faith years ago."

object is ultimatel~' the self-support of the entire present work in Chile EUROPE and the evangelization of the whole Union Movement in Scotland T republic. It is wholly managed with- HE progress made toward the union of the various branches of out the intervention of missionaries from abroad, thollgh working in com- Methodism in :England was reported plete harmony with the missionary in the June REVIEW. Now a decided forces. The first year the budget was advance toward the reunion of the 1,300 pesos, while in 1924 it was 14,- Scottish churches has to be recorded.

000 pesos. Four workers are main- By an almost unanimous vote–only tained, three of them in situations six dissenting-the Church of Scot- into which the mission itself had not land, .• in a scene of great enthu- been able to extend its work. In addi- siasm, " adopted the Report of the tion, three small schools, one for In- Committee on Property and Endow-

ments of the Church, and reappointed Gleaner, "is commended to others the Committee to continue conference who have been prevented from going with the representatives of the United to the mission field." }<-'ree Church, with a view to submitting recommendations to next As- Czecho-Slovakia and the Vatican sembly as to the course of the further procedure. The United Free Church, THE Papal Nuncio left Prague on after a three hours' debate, adopted July 6th, and the Czech Minister by an overwhelming majority the de- to the Vatican left Rome two days liverance of its Committee on Con- later. The immediate occasion of the ference with the Church of Scotland. break was the presence of President Evangclical. Chr'isiendom, comment- Masaryk and the Prime Minister at ing on the characteristic and "steady the 510th anniversary of .John Huss, determination" with which the Scot- who was burned at the stake by the tish churches are carrying on this Council of Constance in 1415. On movement, says: "They have made the' day of the celebration the Hussite up their minds to unite, and have flag was hoisted over the President's learned so much from recent ecclesias- castle. The prompt recall of the tical history that they make haste Papal Nuncio is called by the Chrisslowly, and run no risks of any tian Advocate "a sidelight on the schism that may make their union growing arrogance oE the Roman something !lhort of a complete unifica- Catholic Church in its political manition in all respects of the two festations." T he Christian Century, churches.' , however, states that his withdrawal was occasioned by the introduction A Loyal "Detained Volunteer" into the Chamber of Deputies of Czecho-Slovakia of a series of laws THE English Baptist Missionary seeking to restrict the influence of the Society has recently told the story Roman Catholic Church in that counof how a man who applied to be sent try. These provide for state educato the Congo, but was rejected for tion. ' 'Confessional schools, from the health reasons, has proved through elementary up to the university, shall the years the sincerity of his mission- be no longer tolerated," and the marary purpose. He decided to go into riage ceremony in church will have no business, and devote all his profits to longer any civil effect. Civil marriage the society. This was ten years ago, will be introduced, and it will precede and already he has donated £25,000. the religious ceremony. The man was twenty-five years of age when the doctor refused to pass him. AFRICA He said: "I have £75 in loose money at the present moment. I will give it. Christian Books in Egypt As I cannot work myself, the money shall work for me." Though he be- SUNDAY-SCHOOL libraries for gan in business without any capital, reference and special study, made the next year he gave £480, the third up of a few selected volumes from year £1,000, the sixth year £3,000, and America and the nine Sunday-school the tenth year £4,908. In the year of handbooks published in Arabic by the his marriage the subscription was W orId's Sunday School Association, £3,963. He wrote that probably sub- have been placed in the Church Missequent gift~ would not be so large; sionary Society'S Girls' High School, but, as a fact, the next donation was Cairo, and also in the American Misincreased. In order to live, he pays sion Girls' High School at Luxor. A himself a salarv. His books are new branch of eyangelistic work bas audited by the so·ciety, which gets the been taken up by the World's Sunday benefit to the last penny of the profits. School Association secretaries in "The incident," says the C. M. 8. Egypt, in providing illustrated books on the life of .Joseph and the life of

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

Christ for use among the patients in an item in the latest issue of the the large hospital of the Church Mis- Egypt General Mission News states sionary Society in Old Cairo. This that a leading man from that very plan will be carried forward during district had just been in Addis Abeba, the coming year in the American Mis- the capital of Abyssinia, to answer to sion hospitals of the United Presby- charges made against him; the Mosterian Church at Assiut and 'ranta. lems accused him of saying that This is an extension of the Sunday- Christ was the Son of God, and the school idea into hospital wards with c:>rthodox ,Abyssinians accused him of the result that the patients upon leaving for their homes take with them a forbidding the worship of saints. The message in simple Arabic language missionaries found him to be a learned and with attractive illustrations. The man, steeped in the Scriptures, and Word of God is thus carried into with a ehilrUike faith that had no villages far up the Nile and the doubt as to the I,ord's presence with crowded cities of the Delta. him in his trial; and there were fifty more Moslem converts awaiting his return to be baptized.

Love Will Win Moslems THE Nile Mission Press reports the Maganga a Year Later Eollowing experience of one of its colporteurs: "As he was selling out- REV. C. E. PUGH, an English Bapside a mosque,. those who had been to tist missionary at Yakusu, in the pray came ont led by three sheikhs. Belgian Congo, has had the satisfac- One of them, who had been educated tion of seeing great changes as the at the EI-Azhar, started a discussion result of one year's work. He writes with him about Christ. Naturally, of a visit to Maganga, the village of the crux of the conversation centered a chief named .i}Iirambo: "Last year around Christ's death. One of the we offered him and his people a sheikhs became very angry and asked teacher-evangelist to teach them the the people to leave, but the crowd wno palaver of the Book. Here stands a had gathered and the two other good schoolhouse, with the scholars sheikhs asked the first one to give decorously standing at attention as proofs if he conld. He was unable to we enter. 'When the service and exsatisfy them. Our colporteur men- amination of the school are over we tioned that, praying in his heart for pass out with hearts filled with gladthe one who had become angry, he ness. Twelve months ago nobody in kissed the angry man's hand and left. that village knew his letters. We have The sheikh followed him, and he had just been listening to two little fellows another four hours' talk with this reading the Gospel fluently in the man. In the end tears coursed down hearing of their amazed and delighted the Moslem's cheeks, and he asked parents. And fifteen others will soon forgiveness for his rudeness, saying, be readers . . . Mirambo and I have 'If all Christians explained Christian- Just concluded a jerky conversation ity as yon have done, we would all in an unaecustomed language. He believe.' " has got as far as this: That the matters of God as we state them are Abyssinian Moslem Converts good, and that the White-men of God are different from other White-men."

THE story was told in the REVIEW Government Praises Medical Missions for November, 1924, of a Moslem district in Abyssinia where a promi- ACOMMISSION appointed by the British Government to inquire nent sheikh had been brought to God into native education in Southern simply through reading the Scrip- Rhodesia has commended the medical training given in Old Umtali and in tures, and seven thousand of his peo- Mutambara by missionaries of the ple had been influenced through him. His death checked the movement, but 6

Methodist Bpiscopal Church, and the week, find the old weeds terribly made the following recommendations: ready to sprout, then how must the (1) Missions should be encouraged to poor African fare with his quarterly employ qualified tmheedpicuarpl omseissshioonualdrieas~ouanntd sermon 1" – grants in aid for to at least $1,250 per annum for each such THE NEAR EAST medical man. Three Moslems Baptized (2) A grant of £100 per annum should THE outstanding event of the con- ference of Christian and Missionbe made in respect of each approved nurse. ary Alliance workers, held in .Jeru- salem in March, was the baptism of (3) The mission should receive a grant three Mohammedans, men of mature age from influential families, who for of £5 per annum in respect of each native some months had been openly testify- ing for Christ, notwithstanding pergirl receiving approved training as a nurse. secution. They had suffered personal violence, but had been protected by (4) Drugs and dressings should be sup· government intervention. In accord- ance with present laws, the men had plied, or an allowance in lieu thereof to mis- appeared before the Government and declared their intention of becoming sions at which a medical man or qualified Christians, after which they were registered as Christians. Leaders of nurse is posted_ In addition, simple medical their old faith did all in their power to turn them back to Mohammedansupp.Hes shouli! be given for use by partly ism, but they stood true to Christ. The zealous Egyptian evangelist, qualified or even unqualified missionaries. without consulting the missionaries, han Arabic announcements uf the (5) Although the provision of buildings service printed, bearing the names and addresses of the men to be bappresents difficnIties, we regard the matter as tized, and distributed them through- out the city, chiefJy to Moslems. When being of sufficient importance to recommend the hour of service arrived, the in- trepid evangelist was at the door. with that the f:toYcl'llment should contribute· to- his smiling face and demanded all heavy canes. 'l'hose who demurred wards suitalJle hospital accommodations and saw some officers of the Public Safety Department, and handed over their equipment, particularly in the case of proved canes to be kept during the service, which was a quiet blessed one. institutions such as the hospital at Old Um- tali, which is badly in need of snch ac- commodatio)!. • Other phases of the Methodist work in Rhodesia were described in the .rune REVIEW.

Weeds, Natural aud Spiritual Turkish School RegUlations VICTOR EVENING, of the Heart THE increasing number of Turkish of Africa li[ission, writes of the students in American mission rapid growth of African vegetation, schools was reported in the September so that "if one is to raise crops, if REVIEW. On the other hand, the one is to keep open a road, then one Turkish Nationalists are attempting must weed ceaselessly. So it is in to regulate all foreign schools. Chrisspiritual matters. r;i the Botongwe tian WGt'k says: "They have furdistrict, which bas twenty chiefs, bidden the school authorities to comthere are 40,000 souls scattered pel tlie pupils to attend chapel and through an area of about 1,000 square even asked them to prohibit Turkish miles_ And there are exactly two students from attending purely volunwhite missionaries and one native tary Christian religious exercises. evangelist to let them hear the Glad News! Supposing' one of these two white missionaries shonld du nothing else but trek all the time, at the very least three months must elapse between each visit to a chief. How can we keep the weeds under this way? . . . How would you like it if you were unable to read and write and had no Bible, and heard the Gospel once every three months ~ Would you do much growing in grace ~ If Christians at home with their Bibles and two services every Sunday, to say nothing of prayer meetings and Bible readings and special missions during

1925J NEWS FROM MANY LAKDS

'l'hcv ha,'c dccreen that in addition to vised its laws regarding the foreign Turkish instruction, which is com- schools, for the express purpose of pnlsory, an institution may teach a welcoming Ameriean institutions that student only on'l principal foreign had been operating in Asia Minor.

language and one secondary cultural language. That may sound reason- Mrs. Shedd's Work Today T able. But the term 'cultural lan- HE devotion of the late Dr. W. A. Shedd and his wife to the perseguage' includes only the great European tongues, not Armenian and Greek. The American colleges in cuted Persian Christians during the 'furkey have always given their Greek World War will never be forgotten and Armenian pupils instruction in by those who knew them. Mrs. W. P. Ellis, in writing to friends in this their own tongues. The new rules, at least for the immediate present, will country, tells of Mrs. Shedd's present put an end to such teaching. In ad- work and the love of the people for dition the Turks will not allow the her: ' 'The work among the Chris- tians of the villages has been largely schools to use a geography which shows 'Armenia' on any map-there carried on by Mrs. Shedd, widow of is no such place. as they say-nor our beloved Dr. Shedd. Her heart is will they allow any slighting remarks bound up with the people and, all through the hitter cold of this winter, On Turkey in any history or geog- she has toured, living in the indescribraphy used in a school within Turkish ahly poor homes of the people, carryborders. " ing with her her own traveling kit.

She gathers the villagers together in Anatolia Follows Refugees the big family room that serves all ONE of the pioneer educational in- purposes, and there she speaks to stitutions founded by the Amer- them in their own tongue, be they ican Board in 'l'urkey, Anatolia Col- Syrian or :.{ohammedan. Here in lege, did a great work for many years before the World War. Now, in order these villages, living for weeks at a to meet the new situation created by time, she learns their physical as well the movement of nearly 1,500,000 as their spiritual needs and ministers refugees, the trustees of the college to both as far as she can. She also have voted to relocate it in the prov- supervises our village schools and ince of Macedonia, Greece, near the enters most fully and sympathetically city of Salonica. The college is oper- into the life of the people. She enating now in an effective way on a dured with them the long and terrible three-year plan in rented buildings flight and suffered with them inesin Salonica. This service began in timable loss and now takes her place January, 1924, with a small student among them as comforter, adviser and Bible teacher. "

body, which jumped to 150 last September, with another 100 eager appli- INDIA, SIAM AND MALAYSIA cants refused for want of room. Prohibition in India T Nearly all are refugees. By race, HERE is an insistent and growing demand in the Indian Empire for ninety are Greeks and sixty Armenians, with a few representatives of Al- prohibition. Resolutions of various bania and Russia. The classes are representative and important confer- those of the preparatory department ences have nrged it. The Christian and the freshman year of the pioneer papers are now giving much space to college, which is beginning life over prohibition news. The various provin- again. A good teacher group of seven cial legislativeeouncils have debated Americans, fonr Greeks, and two Ar- the subject. It has become a genuine menians prove admirable for the issue in modern politics. The discus- instruction needed at present. Mean- sions have shown a strong minority in time, the Greek Government· has re- each council that prohibition should

be adopted as the goal of excise policy, Rating Charaeter in Kashmir T and the Government of Bombay in a HE character-building features of the school for Brahmin and Mosresolution reviewing the report of the Excise Committee, dated February lem boys conducted by the Church 12th, was the first provincial govern- , Missionarv Society at Srinagar, Kashment to declare that "the ultimate mir, especially the ePlphasis placed object of its excise policy is total pro- 011 social service, have been more than hibition. " Since Buddhism and Mo- once pointed out in the REVIEW. hammedanism both forbid the use of The school is also unique, according liquor, Rev. Herbert Anderson of Cal- to the following item, in the way it cutta thinks that .. if only the real keeps record of its progress toward judgment of the vast majority of the its ideals: "gach boy has a page in the people can be made to prevail, pro- school register to himself and three hibition is assnred." He points out, times a vear his standing in mind, however, some of the reasons why the body, a:r{d soul is carefully written British GovE'rnment is not supporting down under the following headings: such a policy, chief among them be- iWind: English, Urdu, Persian, Sansing the fact that in most provincial krit, mathematics, history, geography, governments excise taKes form at least caligraphy, general knowledge. Body: a fifth of the revenue. A meeting has gymnastics, boating, swimming, crickbeen called for ,Tanuary 29-31, 1926, et, football, manual labor. &ml: in Delhi, for the organization of a obedience, respectfulness, truthful- Prohibition League of India, plans ness, honesty, pluck, unselfishness, for which are being carefully made. good temper, esprit de corps, duty to Hinduizing the Ohurch neighbor, deportment, self-control, cleanliness, tidiness, attendance, punc- V CHAKKARAI, until recently tuality. '1'he principal '8 sigllature is • editor of the Christian Patriot, of not added to this report until the boy Madras, has issued an ap.peal for R'!. assents to the truth of the marking.

15,000 to build "a Christian temple If a boy considers that he has not to which men of all sects and denom- been fairly treated by his teachers inations will have access for the wor- the whole class is asked to decide the ship of the 1Jord." Both Christians question. In several instances boys and non-Christians are asked to con- have considered themselves marked tribute, and the latter are appealed too high."-8oufhern Workman.

to in order "to see Christianity in India freed from foreign control and The Need in Oeylon costume. " The editor of the Indian STATISTICS given by the National Witness in Lucknow, while speaking Chl'istian Council Review regardwith respect of Mr. Chakkarai, and ing the popUlation of Ceylon illusexpressing his sympathy with any- trate forcibly the need for united thing "that may reyeal Christ more Christian missionary effort in that clearly to anyone," comments: difficult field. '1'he total population The most serious danger before the ,Church of the Island in 1921 was 4,504,549, in India torlav is not foreign control. That with a density of 178 to the square mile. Of this number 67 per cent are '" a diminishing factor. Foreign control is Sinhalese, 24.9 per cent Tamils (more being relaxed, perhaps somewhat grudging- ly in a few instances, and too slowly in some others, but surely, and on the whole than half of them Indian Tamils), rapidly ana possibly too rapidly in a few 6.3 per r,ent Moslems. In its numitlstances, where Indian leadership has not bers, the Christian Church in Ceylon been developed. If Indian leadership is not is failing even to keep pace with the available, leadership and even control .by Christians who have come from foreIgn growth of the population, for it sho~s lands is undoubtedly better than no leader- an increase of only 8.4 per cent, whIle ship all rl no control. A far graver danger the population has increased by 9.6 before the Church is that it may be Hin- per cent. The total Christian comduized. •

192/ii] NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

IDUnity noW numbers 443,400. Of almost doubled and the number of these, 83 per cent are Roman Catholic. earnest inquirers is large and steadily increasing. The mission press at Ha- Moravian. in Tibet noi had an output for the year of over THE Moravian workers in their 10,000,000 printed pages. Seventy- West Himalaya mission report: four thousand Scripture portions, "Both in Lahoul and Upper Ladakh 3,500 New Testaments, 300 Bibles, strange undercurrents of new life and 66,000 tracts and 20,000 Christian thought are noticeable. At Kyelang books were sold and distributed. The the experiment of dispensing with the translation of the Old Testament into services of their lamas for a month Annamese was completed, the New has been made by the people. The Testament having been translated the result was to be watched, and further previous year, and the entire Bible action taken after that. It is also will be printed before the close of known that the people of Leh begin 1925 for the first time. Yet in spite of all this progress, there is only one to set their lamas examples of Chris- missionary on the field for every miltianity, when involved in discord over lion people. some pojnt~ re'1uiring settlement in their own aft'airs. Dissatisfaction with the unscrupulous methods of the CHINA "I lamas is no rare OCCUrl"ence any Gunboat. and the Gospel more, and acts groping for light be- T would be well for our mission- come more pronounced each year." ary work if the gunboats were Rev. H. Kumick writes of three less in eyidence in port," says the Ladakhis who were sent out on an Rev. William A. .lTeCurdy, a mission- evangelistic tour; "The men selected ary of the Mcthodist Episcopal for this work have made a good start. Church in Chungking, West China, They were given a three months' in a report to the Board of Foreign course of training to begin with. Af- Missions. ., In all the trouble of these ter that they were sent out without months we have persistently refused, delay. Their training will be contin- in face of thc advice and urging of ued each successive year, in order to our Chinese associates, to ask the qualify them thoroughly for their American consul for protection for posts. Eight long-distance evangel- either our homes or our churches. It istic tours, either by themselves or in is hard to preach the gospel of love, company with missionaries, were ac- the gospel of a common Heavenly Facomplished by them duriI,lg the year. ther, and at the same time have gun- And beside this they have been out boats in port to shoot up these our preaching in localities in and near brothers, if they mistreat us. It is Leh. In this way the Gospel was car- difficult to preach Christ when we ried systematically to the farthest ourselves apparently follow Him so ends of our district. Great numbers far off. 'rhey charge us with not beof people have thus heard it in their lieving or acting as we preach. When own homes." .shall we be Christians enough to make Progress in Indo-China our words ring true? "-Christian Century.

WHEN the Christian and Mission- ary Alliance began its work there General, a Local Preacher in 1911, French Indo-China was an unoccupied field. During 1924 656 AN item appeared in the July REnew converts were baptized, bringing VIEW entitled "Another Christhe total number of baptized Chris- tian General." 'rhere is still another, tians in good standing up to 1,678. for General Wu Ching-piaD, Commis- Twelve new out-stations were opened. ~ioner of Defense of the Eastern Ki- The offerings of the native churches angsi Province, China, has just re- ceived a license as local preacher in

the Methodist Episcopal Church, ac- Delegates, and it was resolved that cording to word received by the Board opportunity should be given to of Foreign ~fissions of the Methodist women as to men (duly qualified and Episcopal Church from Dr. Earl A. approved by the Bishop) to speak in Hoose, Kiukiang, China. General Wu consecrated or unconsecrated build- was formerly Commissioner of De- ings, and to lead in prayer at other fense of Kiukiang, but his headquar- than the regular and appointed serv- ters had recently been moved to ices of the Chllrch. It was also Nanchang. General Wu has been a stated that deaconesses were to be en- professed Christian for many years titled to seats and votes in the coun- but only recently has he joined the cils of the Church on the same foot- Methodist Episcopal Church. He has ing as deacons."

been a very liberal giver to various missionary enterprises, principally Christian College Graduates t.he Rulison Girls' School, the College Church Mission in Jaochow and fam- SOMETHING of the influence of ine relief work in Nanchang. General Christian colleges on the life of ,Tu has a daughter whose preliminary China is indicated in a recent report education was received in mission of the present occupation of 3,284 schools in China. She is now in col- graduates of thirteen Christian college in America. The General expects leges and universities in the country, to visit the United States in a few made by the China Christian Educayears when' he retires. tional Association to the Board of Foreign Missions of the Methodist Wom..n in the Chinese Church Episcopal Church. While only 164 of the graduates are engaged in the THE enlarging place given to Chi- active ministry, 353 are in social-reli- nese Christian women by the vari- gious work, 821 are teaching in Chrisous denominations has been indicated tian schools and 197 in non-church from time to time in the RE:vIEW. schools. The medical profession Mrs. Alfred A. Gilman, of Hankow, claims 333 of t.he graduates, law writes of this -progress in the missions claims 14, engineering 13, agriculture of the Protestant Episcopal Church; and forestry 75, public office 98, busi- ness 400. Forty-seven of the gradu- "The English diocese of North China has been among the first to grant ates were studying in other instituequal privileges to men and women, tions in China and 156 were studying both Chinese and foreign. Deacon- abroad when the report was made. esses and women catechists as well as Sixty-seven· were engaged in occupalay women are eligible for member- tions other than those just listed, ship in each District Council, in the while 496 were not reported. Cathedral Council, the Boards of Missions, Finance, :Education and Missionary Vetel'ans Honored Medicine, as well as in the Standing Committee and the Diocesan Synod. MANY graduates of the medical Tn 1922 the Synod of the Hankow. school earried on by the Church diocese gave to foreign women work- Missionary Socilty at Hangchow, ers, Chinese graduate women nurses, Chekiang Province, where Dr. and Chinese women teachers and Chinese Mrs. D. Drmcan )Iain have com- Bible women and deaconesses, equal pleted forty-four years of service, met representation in the Synod with male for a three days' conference in May. workers of the same type. Women They fixed the time to ineIude Mrs. were also declared eligible for elec- Du~ean Main's seventieth birthday tion on the Diocesan Executive Coun- (aceording to Chinese reckoning), cil. At the 192-1 meeting, women because they wanted to show their were aeelared to be equally eligible appreciatio~ of her friendship and witli men for election to the House of service during so many years. A spe-

NEWS FROM. MANY LANDS

cial service in the hospital chapel was JAPAN-KOREA arranged by the Graduates' Associa- "Friends 01 Jesus" Movem.ent I tion, and then came some presenta- N the fall of 1921, a Christian order tions. Forty men who had been was organized by fourteenProtesthrough the medical, pharmacy, or tant people in .Japan. The Japanese maternity school, and who now live Student Bulletin reports that since in Shanghai, brought an exquisitely then the membership has rapidly in- embroidered picture in a frame, a creased, and now it reaches nearly silver rose bowl, and two satin cush- 2,000. It is an interdenominational ions. The men living in Hangchow organization having its members among various denominations and unpresented Mrs. Main with a silver churched people. lesu-no-Tomo tray, teapot, cups, knives, and forks, K.ai, or Friends of Jesus, is the full and a shield bearing the Chinese char- name of t.he order. At the time of acters: "Long Life and Happiness. " the great earthquake, the Tokyo The next day a marble tablet was un- branch of this order did wonderful veiled in the assembly hall of the med- social service and engaged in relief ical college to commemorate Dr. Dun- work under the leadership of Toyocan Main's great work. hiko Kagawa. Fr'iends of Jesus Bul- A Dauntless Colporteur letin, their monthly organ, reveals their untiring service in various THE spirit of adventure which Rev. phases as an expression of their de- J. Huston Edgar, F.R.G.S., car- votion to the spirit of Jesus. The order has five points of life as adries into the work of selling Christian mittance requirements, namely, (1) literature on the Tibetan border was Personal Piety in .Jesus, (2) Love of described in the July, 1924, REVIEW. Labor (Intellectual and Manual, (3) The China Inland ]Iission Report for Actual Participation in Social Serv- 1924 says this of him: "In the year ice, (4) Purity, and (5) International Peace. The rrokyo Friends of Jesus he has sold and distributed 102,000 tracts in Tibetan, 50,000 books in Ti- keep their Sunday morning service betan, and another 21,500 books in at six in the Y. lVI. C. A. Assembly Chinese, making a total of 173,500 Hall, and engage in various kinds of copies. In the circulation of these he lService, such as nursing the sick, visithas spent 181 days away from home ing the inmates of prisons, preaching upon roads that are rough indeed, he at street corners, and studying the has traversed nearly 1,000 English actual city problems.–Presbyterian miles on mountainous tracks, and has Sttrvey. reached thirty times at least an alti- tude varying from 14,500 feet to Mother's Day in Japan 16,000 feet. Dangers from robbers, from the fiercest of dogs and other THE visit of the F]mpress of Japan vicious beasts, have been an almost to the girls' school of the Doshisha daily experience. He has bivouacked in Kyoto, and her reverent attitude in the pouring rains among those pre- during the morning prayer service, cipitous hills, spent one night on a were described in the ::Harch REVIEW. bog at an altitude of 14,000 feet in Her Majesty has had another point of drenching rain, slept fOll six nights contact with the Christians in Japan in soaked bedding and for eight days in an incident related by ]Jiss Jeane wore drenched clothing. Amid such Nordhoff, missionarv of the Reformed scenes-and we cannot tell half his Church in America ~ "Since Mother's story-he found the lamas and people Day this year fell on May 10th, the uniformly friendly, and testifies that day on which all .Japan observed the love and the Golden Rule were uni- silver wedding anniversarv of the Emversally understood." peror and }<Jmpress of' Japan, the members of the Mothers' Association

bethought themselves of the rare priv- At a meeting held in 'l'okyo not long ilege that might be theirs of present- since of the National Committee and ing a gift to Her Majesty, as the tbe Secretaries, tbe Japanese women Mother of the Nation. They asked presided with ease and dignity and and gained permission to present a the qucstions discllssed were of nasilver basket of twenty-five carna- tional importanee, some even world tions, accompanying it by an en- problems. It was decided that each graved letter, and a specially pre- person should speak in her own lanpared copy of the sermon called guage. 'l'he Japanese women all un- 'lI{)ther,' which was being sent to all derstood English so well there was no the Christian churches for the ob- need of interpreting into Japanese for servation of .Mother's Day in Japan. them. Some of the new American Her Majesty is very much interested secretaries needed to have the Japain the welfare of her people, and not l1e~e explained to them. Miss Gaines unacquainted with Christianity and of Hiroshima writes: its teachings, and we feel that this gift from the Mothers' Association of I have never attended a meeting where .Japan was highly appreciated." lonsiness was dispatched more promptly or efficiently. The borty of women gathered Japan Evangelistio Band there had a world vision of the need of the Gospel in every country and among every THIS organization has been at work class. As I heard these earnest Christian more than twenty years. Its wOlllen discussing ways and means and lay· members, drawn from various Prot- ing broad and far·reaching plans, I said: estant denominations, have united to "Surely the Lord has great work for these do evangeli<;tic work in their native Christian women of .Tapan. " With very land. James Cuthbertson, writing in few exceptions, these women were products the Japan Et·an!felist, says: "It be- of mission schools. 'rhey would measure up ing against our present constitution with women in any <.Quntry. t.o build up a separate church, we have tried to lend our services to any Married Korean Students church which would sympathetically accept our aid. 'rent mission work CHOSJ;;N CHRISTIAN COLis one form of service in which this LEGE, near Seoul, a union inaid has been given. During the last stitution of Presbyterians U. S. A., four or five years, we have conducted Canadian Presbyterians, Methodist over fifty tent campaigns, from For- Episcopal North and South Churches, mosa in the south, to the north of and the native Presbyterian and .Japan, and these in connection with Methodist Churches, plans to have a all denominations. Our workers have "model village" in which there will also conducted special evangelistic be a number of small houses to be meetings and spiritual conferences all rented to married students. About over the land. Having no personal half the students of the college are ends to serve, and being willing that married, many of them to uneducated all the fruits of our campaigns shall girls, the marriages having been arbe ooIlJ3erved bv the local churches, ranged in early life entirely. by parwe have been able to put our best ents. There are many tragedies in efforts into every place." the homes of educated Korean young men, and it is the hope of the college Japanese Women Leaders to encourage the married students to bring their wives and live at the col- WHEN the Y. W. C. A. was 01'- lege, so that the YQung women can at ganiled in Japan twenty years least get the rudiments of an educaago, there were very few Japanese tion. Compelling as the vision of women who would speak in public, this work is, the college has been able nor did they seem to know how to or- to do almost nothing toward realizing ganize and carryon work of this kind. it because of lack of funds. A few rooms in one of the college buildings are being used for a primary school,

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

to the upkeep of which faculty mem- prosecution of their evangelistic bers subscribe, to give some training work. The past year has been marked to a few married students and to chil- dso by a notable increase of church dren of employes.-'l'he Continent. membership on confession of faith, as compared with the low ebb of the Christian Books for Korea previous year. We believe that this growing unity and common under- THERE is no more pressing need standing is, in some measure, respon- in Korea today than an adequate sible for the richer harvests reported Christian literature plant. The na- hy the churches. For these and many tive pastors and the teachers and ad- other reasons, the Commission on vanced stndents in the higher schools, Evangelism is led to believe that the colleges, and t11 eological seminaries time has arrived for the adoption of must have books in the vernacular a common program." which shall serve as food for growth in grace and leadership, demonstrat- Ne…. York's Ohinatown ing what God 11as done in the earth, outside of the Bible and in ratification REV. JOlIN R. HENRY, superinthereof, through history, art, science tendent of the Bowery Mission, and philosophy. Korean leaders des- writes of having conducted part of perately need books replete with the funeral services for Chin Nom, a knowledge of the past and with wis- widely known and highly respected dom for the' future, to combat the Chinese, who was buried recently false teaching t11at is flooding in, so from the headquarters of the Chinese that the past successes in Korea may !<'reemasons in Chinatown. "The sigbe conserved, and greater triumphs nificant fact in this burial," he says, in the future assured. , 'as in manv others in the Chinese colony, is the increasing request for The independent Korean Christian the services of the Christian Church. JJiterature Society, headed by Baron Even though the dead may have Yun Chi JIo, is reported to be doing a shown little interest in the Christian vigorous work, and deserves gellerous Church or in Christian institutions, support. their last request, 01' that of their nearest surviving relatives, is for NORTH AMERICA some form of Christian ministration -and along with this is the gradual Churches' Progra.D1 of EvangelisDl relinquishment of pagan funeral cus- toms. A few years ago when Chinese THE conference of; the leaders in young men were united with our the evangelistic agencies of the church they automatically ceased condenominations comprising the Fed- tributing to the support of the Joss eral Council, held at Northfield, House priest. This almost invariably Mass., June 16th-18th, has resulted led to petty persecutions. Today the in the announcement of a united pro- Chinese merchants themselves no gram for the coming year. These longer support the Joss House. The denominational leaders have agreed influence of the lives and teachings to recommend this common plan to of Christian workers and members is their own constituencies, and thus slowly permeating the Chinese colmake possible a nation-wide evangel- ony." istic movement. The program centers around pastoral and personal Negroes a.!I Givers evangelism. The statement is, in part, as follows: THAT the city of Tulsa, Okla., not many years ago the scene of race "During the past year there has riots, invited the National Negro developed in the communions com- Business League to hold there in prising the Federal Council of the August its sixte)uth annual meeting Churches of Christ in America an increased spirit of nnity and a growing uniformity of method in the

is one of the most significant facts in .Jap may still teach the white man his the movement for interracial cooper- Christian manners! There were ation in the United States. In his speeches, without number and with- presidential address, Major Robert R. ont end. 'rhe Japanese and the native Moton, Principal of 'ruskegee Insti- Americans spoke, laymen and minis- tute, told of the development of his ters, and told 01' their dreams for race along many lines, and made the this new church. Congregationalists following interesting statement about and MethO(lists and Presbyterians the recent gifts of Negroes to educa- added their words.' I tional institutions: "The Hampton- Tuskegee Endowment Fund Cam- ISLANDS OF THE SEA paign has ree.elltly received $25,000 New Bibles for Filipinos B from the :Madam~ C. .T. Walker in- EFORE the Japanese earthquake in 1923, all dialect Scriptures for terests through her daughter. A similar gift of $25,000 was made to the Philippine Islands had been Kittrell College in North Carolina by printed in Yokohama. The destruc- ~Ir. W. G. Pearson of Durham, N. C., tion of all the type plates and molds, one of the leaders in education, finance and fraternal affairs in that as well as of thousands of Bibles, con- fronted the Philippines Agency of state and a director of the National the American Bible Society with Negro Finance Corporation. Up to many problems beside the financial the present time Negroes in all parts one. Rev. G. B. Cameron, the secreof the South have contributed, over tary, writes that the work of plate and above their taxes, $2,663,010 as making and linotyping is now being voluntary gifts toward the building done in Manila, and continues: of Rosenwald schools, thus supple- "Seven revision and correction commenting the $2,219,983 from MI'. mittees are at work in different parts Rosenwald and the $6,878,979 from of the Islands, all directly sponsored state funds." and in some cases directly supervised by the Agency. These committees A Japanese Church in Utah are made up for the most part of THE dedication of "The Japanese missionaries and native workers, set Church of Christ" in Salt Lake . apart at a considerable cost to the City is thus described by a contrib- missions concerned. This united efutor to the Cong1'8go'{ionalist: "This fort on the part of the Society and attractive building stands as the the missions will furnish not only reachievement of Rev. Kengo Tajima, visions of earlier translations but will a Yale graduate, and a devoted and ilupply Bibles in dialects which have able man. Back of him have been 110t before been available."

the American Missionary Association, the Congregational Church Building Christian Chinese in Borneo P Society and the Presbyterian Board ONTIANAK. the metropolis of West Borneo, has 20,000 people of Church Bl'ection. Tjocal laymen of all denominations have been loval and no Christian Church, except a in support…… The church filled 'up Roman Catholic mission. Not long with Japanese and Americans. Rep- ago a leading Chinese family offered resentative Japanese and Americans a fine building site to the Methodists were on the platform. There was if they would open work there, and music from ;Japanese musicians, and recently a group of Chinese residents an anthem by the choir of a neigh- has assured Bishop Titus Lowe that boring colored church. I am told that they are ready; says The Christian the colored folks find a cordial wel- Adv()(~(Jte, "to bllil(l a ehureh and come from the ,Japanese, and some- school if he will administer it. In times feel a closer tie to them than to fact they made pledges sufficipnt to their white neighbor~. Perhaps the complete the entcrprise. "

MISSIONARY

TWENTY-FIVE GOOD BOOKS ON Mexico Today (1916) LATIN AMERICA By G. B. Winton (50 cents) A wealth of valuable and fascinat- An excellent textbook-ten years old but ing material on Latin American coun- still valuable. tries has been published in the past ten or 'fifteen years. These books will The Five Republics of Central America make it possible for every ~tudent and (1922) reader to gain reliable information By Dana G. Munro ($3.50) and a clear understanding of Latin A concise study of the main facts in refer- ence to the political, social and economic conditions.

Americans, their characteristics, theil' The New Latin America (1922) cllHtoms, religion anrl problems. By J. Warshaw ($3.00) Among the volume~ recommended are the following: A good account of the progress made in Latin America in recent years.

1. GF2lERAL II. ,CUSTOMS AND RELIGIONS Roman Christianity in Latin America Problems in Pan Americanism (19~1) By Webster E. Browning ($1.00) By Samuel G. Inman ($2.00) A kindly but frank description of the characteristics, history and influence of A helpful study of the way in which North Roman Catholicism ill Soutb America. and South AmeI"icans can live and work together in friendship for their mutual South American Probl~ms (1912) advantage. The Republics of Latin Am~ri';a (1923) By Robert E. Speer By H. G. James and P. A. Martin The report of careful observations made ($3.50) on a tour of South America; full of in· formation though thirteen years old. A general summary of the historieal, eco· nomic and political faets pertaining to III. EVANGELICAL MISSIONS Latin America. Christian Work in South America South of Panama (1915) The Montevideo Congress ($4.00) By ProfessOr Edward A. Ross The official report of the recent congress on missions in South Alnerica, with re- A stuily of the social conditions in South ports of the various commiSSions, discus· Anwriea as seen by a sodological expert. sions and findings.

South America, Observations and Impres- Central American Indians and the :Bible sions (1912) (1925) By James Bryce By W. F. Jordan (75 cents) Keen observations on the political, social A graphic description of work for the and reHgious situation in Latin America. neglected Indians, the need, the methods and results. New Days in Latin America (1925) By Webster E. Browning The :Bible in :Brazil (1902) By Henry C. Tucker The senior textbook for this year. A gen· eral study of the twenty republics, politi. An excellent story of the experiences of cally, racially and economically, with the agent of the American Bible Society. chapters on education, religion and mis· sions. Contains bibliography, statistics South American Neighbors (1916) and guide to pronunciation.

Peru, Its Story, People and Religions By Homer C. Stuntz (75 cents) (1909) A clear and concise survev of South Amer· By Geraldine Guinness ($2.50) ica with an account of -Evangelical Mis· sions. A very well written description of the country and people making a st.rong ap· Modern Missions on the Spanish Main peal for their evangelization. (1925) Mexico, An Interpretation (1923) By W. R. Wheeler and W. E. Brown- By Carleton Beals ($2.50,) ing ($2.75) An excellent treatment of this subject to I"etters and reports of missions in Colum· enable us to understaml Mexicans. bia anq Yenezuel".

8~7

The Church in the Wilds (1914) ologieal world, chiefly through his By W. B. Grubb ($2.50) famous work, 'The Quest of the His- torical Jesus.' At about the same time A picture of mission work for the Indian he wrote his monumental book on Jo- tribes of Paraguay. hann Sebastian Bach and became organist of the Paris Bach Society; IV. POPULAR AND JUVENILE but the sequel showed that· as a the- ologian (and perbaps as a musician The Least of These in Columbia (1918) also) he had been misunderstood. Mrs. M. N. Williams ($1.25) His mind wa.s seen to be like a knife to dissect the theories and interpre- Very readable sketches describing people tations which dim-eyed scholars had with whom the missionary came into eon- imposed upon the figure of Jesus, but tact. few realized tlw.t behind his own strange and striking construction lay Thirty Years Among the Mexicans (1918) It vision of the IJoI'd, piercing and By A. B. ease ($1.75) compelling as that which came to the seer of old in Patmos. The Christian Vivid and illuminating descriptions of a ethic may indeed be but for that 'lit- missionary's life in Mexico during the tle while' of which the fourth Gospel recent revolution. I"peaks, but it is absolute and knows no compromise. It is binding on all Men, Maidens and Ma-ntillas (1923) Christian men.

By Stella May ($4.00) "But theories are of yesterday and An interesting description of Latin Amer· today; ..deeds are for ever. At the ican Peoples and customs, especially of age of thirty or so Dr. Schweitzer women and the home. abandoned the world of letters and of art that he might qualify in medi- Looking Ahead in Latin America (1925) cine as a general practitioner. By By Stanley High (75 cents) means of hi8 books and his organ re- citals and the help of sympathetic The popular study book for this year, de- friends he gathered means and set sail scribing the Republics and the place and at his own charges for Lamberene on work of Christian missions. the River Ogowe in Equatorial Af- rica. With him went his heroic wife, Ventures in Inter-American Friendship his partner in courflge and patience (1925) through dangers, labours, loneliness, By S. G. Inman (50 cents) sickness and anxiety."

Four books for discussion groups, includ· Dr. Schweitzer '8 work in Africa has ing chapters on, the Montevideo Congress. been described in another remarkable book of his, "On the Edge of the The Lilind of the Golden Man (1916) Primeval Forest," and in the spring By Anita B. Ferris (50 and 75 cents) of 1922, he delivered the Dale Lec- tures at Mansfielrl College, Oxford, Stories of Latin America. The junior since published under the title, "The mission study book of the year. Philosophy (1f Civilization." Both in these lectures and in the little book Makers of South America (1916) under review and in Dr. Schweitzer's By Margarette Daniels (60 cents) critical work there is something to disagree with, but least, perhaps, in Biographical sketches for boys and girls. t.his most thoughtfnl and stimulating volume with its clear discernment and A Missionary Wall Map assertion of t.he uniqueness and suf- 3 x 4 feet (6G cents) ficiency of true Cllristianity.

This is an excellent map, published by the R. ~. S. M. E. M., showing the Protestant mission stations and giving a list of aU the so- cieties and their location in South America, Mexico, Central America and the West Indies.

Christianity and the Religions of the World. Albert Schweitzer. 93 pp. $1.60. New York. 1923.

The foreword of this little book gives the facts, familiar to some but unknown to most, of the life of the extraordinary man who wrote it: "Dr. Schweitzer was born at Kaysersberg in Alsace, and comes of a ministerial family. At Strasbourg he was first student, then professor. He rapidly became the enfa11t terrible of the the- The Making of Modern India. Nicol Mae· will most value, a~ they seek for the nieol. 235 pp. London, N ew York. 1924. secret of Indian life-not so much in Such important literary critics as the "making" as a fixed product of the editors of the A.tlantic, the Con- past millenniums and of the Indian tempomry Review, Hibbert Journal, temperament and mind. The social the ExpositfJ}, and the International llnrest of the Empire he conceives as Review of lIfissill'lls have passed upon largely due to contiicting religious and publi~hed most oE the chapters views-if there can be any conflict in of this sman volume. Besides, Dr. a mind so uIliversally tolerant and so llIacnicol's long years of missionary syncretistic as the Indian's; to service in Vestern India and such ,. Tides of the Spirit," the underly- books as "Indian Thcism" and his ing motives and aspirations which translations in "Psalms of ~1aratha have surged over New India in recent Saints" have caused him to be right- years; and to "Indian Ideals and fully honored as a Doctor of Liter- Present-day Realities, " part I y ature. [n a wa~', however, it is a snmmwl. U[J in De. Tagore's remark: disadvantage for those who turn to "I,Ve treat God as we treat our this volnme for a plain and dispas- friends. It is from lack of nearness sionate setting forth of the elements to God, from absence of right per- that are today ;naking India. The sonal relations one with another, out reader will Hnd many of them here, of greed and materialism, that all war but they are clothed in quoted phrases and conflict comes "-the longed-for and sentences from a wide range of ideal and the disturbing reality.

literature, most of it Indian, and in 'I'he ideas whi('h Dr. Macnicol dis- many poetical lines or stanzas, that cusses in Part III are "Hinduism as are as widely removed from Valentine .Mysticism, " , , Hi n d u Devotion,"

Chirol as he writes upon similar "Transmigration and Karma and themes, as the Bible is from "Para- Their Influence in Living Hinduism,"

dise Regained." So far as dates are "The Hindu Ideal of a Holy lAfe,"

given, the chapters have been written and "Hinduism and the Way to between 1907 and 1923. God." Greatly as many of these Dr. :Macnicol arranges his seven- ideas vary from 011rs, it is suggestive teen essay-articles under five Parts, and ill some respects directive to whose titles arc very promising, Po- learn of the greater spirituality of litical Progress, Social and Religious the intellectual Hindu's thought than Unrest, Ideas, Personalities and Un- that of most of 11S.

ehanging India. The first Part is Part IV will be most enjoyed by decidedly disappointing, as he writes the average reader; for here we see upon India in 1908 and 1923, a con- more concretely than in other chap- trast indeed, but too abstract for any ters, some of the leading minds and practical purpose. Naturally the souls of India: Indian women poets, 1923 section mentions phases of In- a surprise to us, perhaps, but not dia's life grouped about Gandhi, but greatly contributory to literature; they are not strikingly put nor do .the famous pioneer reformer of the they create any strong impression. last eentury, Ram Mohun Roy; De- Part V is similarly lacking in direct- bendl'anath Tagore, father of his more ness; for his "Unchanging India" famous son Dr. Rabindranath Tagore, is pictured in two popular cults, one but a man ,of sterling worth and wide of the Sivaite ~ect variations, the influence; and the roll call of a few other of the Vaishnavite subsects; "Notable Indian Christians." In this and in a too brief. but otherwise satis- chapter XV, half the space is given factory aCC011l1t of "The Diversions to an interpretive discussion of such of an Indian Villager," contributed persons in an Indian environment, to the London Times. while the remaining nine pages are It is Parts II, III and IV that given to a very brief account of Pan- readers of the :MrsSIONARY REVIEW dita Ramabai, whom the author does "not hesitate to describe as the great- rural communities and in cities, law est Indian Christian of this genera- and order, education and religion. tion" ; a Rhorter account of the famous Christian poet and ex-Brah- The Marigold Horse and Other Stories. man, N. V. Tilak-the Marathi hymn- Margaret Seebach. 12 mo. 271 pp. nologist also; Sundar Singh, "apostle $1.25. Philadelphia. 1925. of the bleeding feet" and an ascetic of the Indian Church of today. 'l'hese These bright children's stories from three are the Inflian "Three Might- mission lands are meaningful and well ies, " but allnsion to others hints at a told. 'l'hey come from India and rich addition to the Universal Church China, Africa and Japan, the Philipwhich India will supply. H. P. B. pines and from North and South America. They make excellent read- Dr. Ian MacFarlane, Medical Missionary ing for Sunday afternoons and for at Nazareth. III us. 12 mo. 94 pp. Sunday-school or mission band Edinburgh, Seotland. 1924. workers.

A stimulating little memorial vol- Setting the Course. Edite(l by Alexander ume giving the story of a medical mis- Marshall. ] 2 mo. Is, 9d. Glasgow. sionary in Palestine who served in the 1925. medical corps of the British Army in the late war. He died of typhus fever Incidents, stories and facts that will at the K~ntara hospital, Palestine, in help to illustrate religious talks make 1917. this volume valuable especially to teachers and lay workers. Some are Tales from the African Jungle. Various stories of famous men and women writers. Pamphlet. 18. London. 1924. such as John Calvin, George White- field, John G. Paton and others. These live little stories of life in Africa are written for children by The Romance of Home Missions. S. L. eight Britishers who have lived in Morris. 12 mo. 257 pp. Richmond, Va. Nigeria and neighboring territories. 1924. There are good illustrations, puzzles, games and other attractive features. The Secretary of Horne Missions of the Presbyterian Church, South, has The Family Worship. Wilbur B. Stover. written this very readable book for 12 mo. 136 pp. 75 cents. 1924. the general reader, showing the im- portance, the interest, the variety and A missionary to India gives us this the progress of home missions in the helpful little book of encouragement southern states. A questionnaire and and suggestions as to family worship an index add to its value. -with an excellent list of literature on the subject of religion in the home. If I Were Young Again. Amos R. Wells. Pamphlet. 40 cents net. Philadelphia. The :Basis of Racial Adjustment. Thomas 192'4. .T. Woofter. 12 mo. 258 pp. $1.40. 1925. The editorial secretarv of the Chris- tian Endeavor publications gives here A member of the Commission on some very practical advice on build- Interracial Cooperation gives ns a ing up a strong body, mind and spirit, thoughtful digest of information on ready for service. race adjustments and a sane discussion of the life of the American From Over the Border. Vernon Monroe Negro in relation to race problems. McCombs. IIIug. 12 mo. 188 pp. 50 This study will do much to help check and 75 cents. New York. 1925. race antagonism and to promote intelligent cooperation. The V{)lume is Most of the Christian church memsupplied with references for study bers in the United States know little and topics for discussion and is well or nothing about the life of the Mexiadapted to use in colleges. It takes cans "from over the border" or what up the questions of health, work in is being done for their physical, moral and spiritual benefit. Read this book and learn what these people are like, the influence<;; that surround them, THEY'RE GOING by their influence on American life, their the THOUSANDS education, religion and the evangelical work being done among them. It is Buy Them! a worthy study book. Read Them! PassThemOn! Uncle Sam's Family. Dorothy F. McConnell. Illus. 12 mQ. 12" pp. $1.00. 1925.

Soutjlern mountaineers, immigrants A full library of in~ from Europe, Mexicans from over the border, Indians, Negroes and Orien- formation and inspira· tals are all pictured in these delight- 35 h tion at the ful and instructive stories for children. They are especially good for priceoL. junior leagues and mission bands. C eac Tibetan Folk Tales. Translated by A. L. 3 for $1.00 Shelton and Edited by Mrs. Shelton. Illus. 8 vo. 173 pp. $2.00. 1925. NEW COLPORTAGE LIBRARY Tibet is a land of mystery, of (Covers in Two Colora> strange customs and beliefs and weird surroundings. Dr. and Mrs. Shelton 1. SALVATION SERMONS are among the few Americans who have come to know these people among j3y REV. A. B. SIMPSON. whom they labored for fifteen years. In service for them, Dr. Shelton laid Excellent for the unconverted to make the way of down his life in 1919, but before that, Salvation plain. he gathered and translated these interesting folk-tales, which are appro- 2. THE FOURFOLD GOSPEL priately illustrated with drawings. They reveal the 'ribetans, their mode By REV. A. B. SIMPSON. of life and thought, their supersitions and aspirations. Some of the tales, A most convincing exposition of the dynamic message each of which illustrates a Tibetan of the Book. proverb, have lessons for any age and any land or race. 3. THE CHRIST LIFE Foreign Missions Convention at Washing- By REV. A. B. SIMPSON. ton. 1925. Edited by F. P. Turner aud F. K. Sanders. 8 vo. 466 pp. $2.50. New and Augmented edition with Six of Dr. Simp- New York. 1925. son's own choice poems. The book that helped to make Dr. Simpson a spiritualleader of his generation. Only those who attended this great convention can estimate in advance 4. THE CRISIS OF THE DEEPER LIFE the value of these full reports of the By G. P. PARDINCTON J PH.D. addresses and discussions. But even those who were in Washington last Answers the question, "Is the sanctified life a de- January could not attend more than velopment or is it a definite experience?" one of the simultaneous meetings. These reports should be read and s. WHOLLY SANCTIFIED studied, especially by pastors, executives and missionaries. By REV. A. B. SIMPSON. A satisfactory treatise on Sanctification and the NEW BOOKS Spirit-filled life.

Ao Naga Tribe of Assam. W. C. Smith. 6. THE LORD FOR THE BODY 225 pp. $5.00. l1¥lcmillan Company, London, or from Author, University of By REV. A. B. SIMPSON.

Dr. Simpson answers in his inimitable manner many questions that occur to the earnest seeker after the truth of Divine Healing.

7. CHRIST'S RETURN-The Key to Prophecy and Providence By ST. CLEMENT.

Revealing the Divine plan of God that has run throughout all ages.

S. WONDERS OF PROPHECY. {Vol. I) By JOHN URQUHART.

Introduction to sixtll editt'on by Philip Mau1'o. Volume I traces Scriptural prophecy. and quotes I?re- dictions from Tyre and Sidon down through the time of Judea and Babylon.

9. WONDERS OF PROPHECY. {Vol. II) By JOHN URQUHART.

Volume II contains "A Prophetic Forecast of the World's Entire History."

10. MISSIONARY MESSAGES By REV. A. B, SIMPSON, Dr. Simpson's missionary appeals stirred America to a new interest in Missions.

11. ·THE LIFE OF PRAYER By REV. A. B. SrMPSON.

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The Missionary Review of the World — September 1925

HISTORIC "CAMBRIDGE SEVEN"AS THEY ARE

GOD'S QUESTION TO THOSE WITH KONEY "THEN WHOSE SHALL THESE THINGS BE"

Who is to administer your property T Whether you have little or much, in any case, it is a trust that God has committed to you during your lifetime. You may administer it conscientiously and wisely, but your responsibility does not end with your summons into the Master's presence. You must pass on your trusteeship to others. You may do this in such a way that your property will continue to help carry out God's plan for the salvation of men or you may leave the money behind so that it will become a curse to those who misuse it and to others who come under their influence. Have you ever thought of making the Board of Directors of the MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD administrators of at least a part of that money with which you have been intrusted?

The REVIEW is a nUssionary educational institution of nearly half a century standing. It has proved its value in service to the cause of Christ at home and abroad.

The REVIEW keeps over 10,000 Christian leaders informed as to the needs and progress of mission work in all lands.

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The REVIEW inspires men and women to give of themselves and their substance to help carry out Christ's great commis- sion.

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Money invested in the REVIEW thus continues the work of Christ in these and in other ways. The Board of Directors are members of various branches of the Church, and are accustomed to administering such funds. They take their stewardship seriously.

(Concluded on page 659) THE MISSIONARY Review 0 f the World DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Editor CONTENTS FOR SEPTEMBER, 1925 Page FRONTISPIEICE ••••••..•.••.•.• TEE CAMBll!IDGE SEVEN AS THEY ApPF.AR TODAY EDITORIALS •….•••••.•..••.•..•……..•..••………•…………..•.•. 661 FORW.A.Rl) MOVIDMENTS IN CHINA THE AFRJC'ANS AND TEE PORTUGUESE MODF.&N:rSM AMONG MOSLEMS TEE FUTURE POPULATION OF AMERICA THE S,TORY OF THE CAMBRIDGE SEVEN ……………. HENRY J. CoWELL 669 A 1'emarkable recora of earl'll British volunteers who have served the missionary cause successfully for forty years.

SOUTH AMERIOA AND MISSIONARY WORK •…………. ROBERT E. SPEER 673 A record of'some impressions by delegates to the recent missionary congl'ess at Montevideo, UrugiUly.

A WillTE-TURBANED LEJ.ADER IN INDIA ………… _……. H. A. POPLEY 679 The encouraging, inspiring story of Dr. K. T. Paul, onc of the outstanding Christian leaders of India.

SOME IMPRESSIONS ON A WORLD TOUR ………… WILFRED T. GRENFELL 688 The well-known pioneer of Labrador, who has recently returned fl'om a tour of the world, writes his views of foreign missionary work.

PEACE AND RELIGION IN THE PACIFIC ………………•. D. J. FLEMING 692 An account of the religiOUS aspects of the Institute on Pacific RelMions, recently held in Hawaii.

A KOREAN'S OWN STORy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . REPORTED BY ONE WHO KNEW HIM 695 A quaint and inspiring personal history of Mr. "Kim Evident Help"-his conversion and christian experience.

BEST METHODS ……… _…………………. EDITED BY MRS. E. U. CRONK 704 WOMAN'S FOREIGN MISSION BULLETIN ….. EDITED BY ELLA D. McLAURIN 711 W1O'MAi{ 'S HOME MISSION BULLE,TIN …… EDITED BY FLORENCE E. QUINLAN 714 NEWS FROM MANY LANDS • _.. _.. .. • . . . .. .. . . . . . .. .. . . . . . . .. .. . . . . .. .. . . . 717 THE MISSIONARY lJIBRARY •…..•.•…..••………… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 733 TERMS: $2.50 & year. ($2.00 in clubs of five.) Foreign postage, 50 cent.. Single copi8l, 25 cantil. Publiabed monthly. Copyrigbted, 1925, by M[SSlONARY REVIEW P1!1lLISBlNe COlO'ANY, INO. AJI rights reserved.

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Robert E. Speer, President William I. Chamberlain, Vice..President Dela.van L. Pierson, Secretary Walter MeDongaH. Treasurer Publication omce, 3d & Reily Sts., Harrisburg, Editorial and Business omce. 156 Fifth Avellue, P&.. Z50." copy $2.50 a year New York City Entered as ••cond-el…s matter at the Post Omce, Harrisburg, Pa., under Act of March 3, 1871> WHAT HAVE YOU PUT IN YOUR WILL1 (Concluded frmn page 65'7) Let your money continue to work for these objects after you have gone.

Like other educational and missionary work, the REVIEW needs an endowment or capital fund, the income of which will supplement the receipts for subscriptions and advertising.

These receipts are not sufficient to pay the cost of publication any more than tuition fees in a Christian college can pay all the running expenses and enable the college to be effective.

The REVIEW gives more value than is paid for by the subscribers. It furnishes a volume of 1,000 pages with maps and illustrations, postpaid to any address for $2.50. A commercial publisher would charge $12.00 to $15~OO for the same-sized volume.

Missionaries, ministers and women workers cannot pay such a price, therefore, the REVIEW needs an endowment of $200,000 the income from which will meet this deficit.

Are you a Christian steward of God's bounty? You may make a gift outright to the endowment fund of the REVIEW; you may purchase an annuity that will pay you regular interest during your lifetime, or you may make the REVIEW a beneficiary in your will, so that the Directors will administer the legacy for the benefit of Christian missions. Provision may be made to pay the principal to any other Board or benevolent cause in case the REVIEW should at any time cease to carryon its missionary work under the present auspices.

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nfEMI_SSIONARY

EVIEW'

VOL. SEPTEMBER, 1925 NUMBER XLVlII NINE ]1~ORWARD MOVEMENTS IN CHINA nAS TIME passes without new and serious outbreaks between for- eigners and Chinese, hope grows that better counsels may prevail and peace may come in China. An important step in this direction is the ratification (August 5th) of two treaties between China and America, France, Japan, Italy, Great Britain, Portugal, Belgium and the Netherlands. Chinese Minister Alfred Sze at Washington declares that this inaugurates a new regime for the relations between China and other nations-substituting reason, justice and friendly understanding for oppression, intimidation and force. One treaty relates to customs tariff and the other to general principles and policies to be followed in matters relating to China. It is expected also that a mixed court, possibly presided over by a Chinese, will investigate the responsibility for the recent conflicts in Shanghai. The Chinese have many just grievances but they are amenable to reason and will respond to friendly and just treatment.

Among the causes of the present Anti-Christian Movement in China, Mr. T. Z. Koo includes the following: The growth of Nationalism, especially since the establishment of the Republic; the growth of national education; and the growth of the Christian religion in China. The development of nationalism has been a natural result of the awakening of the people by their contact with the West and with the ideals of liberty and national rights. This nationalism is manifested in the patriotic student movements for united action against foreign domination, in the revival of old Chinese religions and a restatement of their religious and ethical values; in the attempt to preserve the intellectual resources and heritage of China; and in the communistic movements which young Ohinese have fostered as an antidote against the aggression of the European nations. These communistic movements are generally anti-Christian and anti-religious.

661

The introduction of a modern national system of education, inaugurated in 1905, has involved many changes in Chinese ideas and methods especially in regard to international relationships, industries and government. The growth of Christianity in China (says Mr. Koo) has been so rapid, and the influence of Christians has been so great, that non-Christians have become alarmed. Tolerance and indifference are no longer possible.

The first expression of the Anti-Religious Movement in 'China (at Peking in 1922) was short lived. 'l'hen Rnssia's influence began to be felt and resulted in the organization of the Anti-Imperialistic Federation last year. About the same time the Anti-Christian Federation was revived in Shanghai by a student who had been expelled from Shanghai College. This Federation publishes a weekly paper called The .Awakened which is openly opposed to Christianity and has a wide circulation. The Federation opposes all religion as superstition, opposed to intellectual and social progress, a breeder of strife and destroying self-reliance. Against organized Christianity the opposition is based on the contention that Christianity lS an ally of imperialism and capitalism, is dogmatic and unscientific, meddles in politics, is split up into innumerable sects, is an agent of Western agg-ression and denationalizes its converts. The Awakened devotes much of its space to attacks on mission schools, Christian literature, Christians in general and the Church. This Anti-Christian Movement is a sign of the transition period through which China is passing and involves the whole question of the relation of the old to the new and the East to the West. European nations have exploited China and Christianity is misunderstood in consequence.

The general movement in China is forward but the leaders are still groping blindly for the light. The fault is largely that of those who have misrepresented Christ and Christianity. The first need is that professed followers of Jesus should be truly Christian and should stand squarely and fearlessly by His principles. Adherence to truth and justice, a manifestation of brotherly love and a life of unselfish service, the spirit of Jesus Christ, with dependence on the power of God-not on money, men or armaments-will do more than anything else to win the Chinese to Him Who lived, taught, died and rose again that they too might have life. As Mr. Koo truly says it is not the method of modern salesmanship that will "sell" our religion to the Chinese; the "power of God unto salvation" is the power to cut loose from selfishness, strife, sin, to stand for truth, righteousness and love at any cost and to live the Christ among men. This is a time to pray most earnestly for the missionaries and for the other Christians in China.

EDITORIAL COMMJjNTS

MODERNISM AMONG MOSLEMS CHANGE is inherent in Christianity for it is a religion of progress. The Founder himself predicted new light that the early disciples could not bear and greater works in the future than He had performed while on earth. The prediction has been amply fulfilled and every land where the Gospel of Christ has been freely proclaimed and truly accepted has progressed in knowledge, in liberty and in social betterment. Islam on the other hand is a religion of fixed ideas and methods. It has no place for further spiritual enlightenment or social progress beyond a limit set by the Koran. Islam modified by modern ideals ceases to be Islam. This is illustrated today in Egypt and Turkey and other Moslem lands where new ideas of liberty and education, new social customs relating to women, and new laws governing the relation of Church and State, are revolutionizing Islam as it is practiced. These changes have been largely brought about by contact with Occidental civilization and with Christian ideas and example.

Recently Moslems of Egypt, and especially the Superior Council of the conservative Moslem University, Al Azhar, have been aroused by the publication of a book on "The Principles of Government" by Sheikh Ali Abdul Razek Cadi of the Mansura Mekhama Sharia Court. This sheikh contends that Islam is only a religion to guide personal conduct and not for state statutes. This extreme view of the separation of Church and State has aroused intense opposition among orthodox Egyptian Moslems-particularly the ideas that the Caliphate is not an indispensible Islamic institution and that the practice of polygamy should be abandoned.

This is only one sign of the changes taking place in Mohammedan thinking. Still more radical ideas are finding expression in Turkey, in spite of much opposition. The Angora Government has not only undertaken to separate Church and State and has banished the Caliph and abolished the Caliphate but is now pursuing a more liberal policy in regard to mission schools. For example, St. Paul's College in Tarsus that was closed by government order in May 1924 was reopened in April of this year by order of the new Minister of Education, Hamdullah Soubhi Bey. His remarks at the Mission Meeting in Constantinople are significant of the changed attitude of more enlightened Turkish Mohammedans. ~ He said: "The Turkish Government is a friend of American schools. We want our children to go to American schools and to learn American culture. There are, however, certain restrictions-since the Turkish Government has secularized its schools we expect foreign schools to do the same.

t< Turkey is a nation being born today. She is not facing East as is Persia and Tunis. Rather has she faced in the opposite direction-to the West. It is from your books, your influences that we have gotten the ideas "Reported in a letter from Rev. Paul E. N!Ison of Tarsus.

that inspire our present effort to establish democracy. Our faces are toward the West.

"Ten years ago if a Turk wore a hat on his head instead of a 'fez' his head would have been cut off. But today the situation has changed. We llave not lightly entered on this road-we have fought for it, planned for it, died for it. And we are determined to go on.

"It is our desire that our children know America, and that they love America. Your schools are new schools-we want them. You have helped us in the past-your schools will help us in the future 1"

Turkey is endeavoring to establish a democracy. What her future will be no one can prophesy. There are difficulties in the way, for Islam is essentially autocratic and many of its ideas and customs are contrary to modern standards. But patience and the Power of God can accomplish wonders.

THE PORTUGUESE AND AFRICAN LABOR F OR some years severe criticisms have been passed by travelers, officials and missionaries on the Portuguese methods of enforced labor in Angola and the East African Oolony. In many cases t>nforced conscription has practically amounted to slavery. African chiefs have been obliged to supply a certain number of laborersmen and women-to work on roads and plantations. These natives are often sent away from home-sometimes long distances-and their wages are held back. The result is that laborers are not sent home after their contracts expire; many of those who return are broken in health and others die from ill-treatment.

There seems to be something in French and Portuguese colonial policy that makes their administration of primitive peoples very unsatisfactory. There was for a time much criticism of the French in Madagascar and there is still much to be desired in the improvement of the French administration of the New Hebrides. But the Portuguese Government is even more selfish and neglectful of the interests of the natives under their control. Officials favor the planters and Portuguese colonists and seem to consider the native Africans as so many cattle to be used as beasts of burden and slaves to develop the country for the white man. Protestant missionaries have found many of the Portuguese policies very detrimental to the education and Ohristian development of the natives.

Edward A. Ross, professor of sociology in the University of Wisconsin and the author of books on Mexico, Latin America, Ohina, and other lands that he has visited, has recently visited Angola and Portuguese East Africa to inquire into the methods of employing Jabor there. He has presented his very careful and comprehensive report to the "Temporary Slavery Oommission" of the League of Nations. The report has been forwarded to Portugal and the reply of that government will be taken up at the meeting of the Oommission next year.

E'DITORIAL COMMENTS

Angola is a dependency of Portugal in West Africa having an area of 484,800 square miles (eight times the size of New England or fourteen times the size of Portugal) with a population of 4,119,000 (one fourth less than Portugal). Professor Ross went to Africa at the request of Americans interested in Africans and gathered his evidence between July 19th and September 3d last year. With him was Dr. R. Melville, Cramer of New York, a physician. Neither of the men is connected with any religious or missionary or business enterprise so that their investigation was unbiased. They made their studies independently and interviewed many natives, Portuguese, other Europeans, native evangelists and missionaries in widely separated villages, reporting the experiences of from six to seven thousand natives in three different provinces.

These inquiries reveal the fact that women with babies on their backs or with child are obliged to work for the Government building roads for as much as five months at a time. They are paid little or nothing. Some planters claimed that they "bought" their native labor from .the Government and that they were practically slaves. Many men are deported to San Thome and never return to their homes. Some contractors flog their men and otherwise ill-treat them. Children are forced to leave school and to work at home because their fathers have been sent away to work on plantations. It is said to be a mistaken kindness for a mission school to train skilled workmen because these are taken by the Government and compelled to work without pay for a long time.

Professor Ross concludes that this form of native labor is practically state serfdom and in many cases is worse than slavery. Wages are withheld or embezzled, contracts are disregarded, skill is discouraged, much of the work done is unnecessary, the native police abuse their authority for purposes of lust, spite or extortion. There is now no channel through which the complaints of natives may be brought to the attention of officials so that wrongs may be righted. As a result many natives are emigrating to Rhodesia and the Belgian Congo, and some districts are becoming depopulated.

Further investigation should be made and pressure should be brought to bear on the Portuguese Government to remedy tllese abuses. The natives may be encouraged to thrift, to better methods in farming, to the development of industrial arts and to the pursuit of elementary knowledge in the mission schools. The brighter, more industrious youths may be taught carpentry, masonry, poultry raising, metal work, brick-making, spinning, weaving, sewing, housekeeping and gardening. This knowledge will not only greatly benefit the natives but will also enable them to give their products to the outside world.

The leading Protestant missions in Angola are American Board (Congregational) and Methodist Episcopal, the British Baptists and

Christian Missions in Many Lands (Plymouth Brethren) and the South Africa General Mission. A few missionaries are also maintained by the Christian and Missionary Alliance, the Seventh Day Adventists, the Angola Mission and the Mission Philafrican (Swiss). Reports show a total of 186 missionaries in Angola in forty resident stations, 940 native paid workers, 120 churches and a Protestant Christian community of 35,015.

In Portuguese East Africa, the leading societies at work are the American Board, the Methodist Episcopal, Free Methodist, Church of the Nazarene, Church of Scotland, Holiness Mission, Society for the Propagation of the Gospel, Universities Mission, Wesleyan Methodist, Suisse Romande, and South Africa General Mission. The total foreign staff numbers 109 in 25 stations, the native staff 627, churches 273 and native Christian community 30,755.

If these societies can work together through the International Missionary Council they should be able to accomplish much for the betterment of political conditions in Portuguese territory. Under the guidance and power of the Spirit of God they can achieve still greater things for the moral and spiritual benefit of the Africans, individually and collectively.

FUTURE POPULATIONS IN AMERICA W HAT will be the popUlation of the United States one hun- dred years from now? We cannot tell but it is interesting to note that from 1790, the date of our first census, to 1860, the rate of growth was steady, at about three per cent a year. Following the Civil War the rate fell and remained nearly constant nntil 1910, at two and two-tenths to two per cent a year. Between 1910 and 1920 it was about one and four-tenths per cent. Professor Whipple of Harvard, in his second edition of Vital Statistics, holds that this is not a temporary incident of war but is the beginning of a long period of slower growth. He believes that the annual increase will probably not again exceed one and a half per cent per year. Even one per cent, however, means a growth of 270 per cent in one hundred years. At the rate of one-half per cent increase per year the population of the United States would be 175 million in the year 2020.

Last summer at the international conference at Amherst, a Columbia professor prophesied that a century hence the population of the United States would be as large as the present population of China, approximately 400,000,000. On the other hand, Professor Pearl of Johns Hopkins University has worked out a mathematical formula based on the populations of the United States from 1790 to 1910, and has constructed a sigmoid curve which shows that the point of inflection was passed in 19H and that a population of 200,000,000 will not be reached until 2050.

If}25] EiDITORIAL COMMENTS

. TIle ~l!ssell Sage Foundation, in its studies of the future popula- tion of Greater New York, has concluded that by the year 2000 there will be a population of 28,000,000 in the Metropolitan area. The Foundation is now at work discovering how many prisons and houses of correction there will be in this area seventy-five years hence to care for those who are allowed to grow up in ignorance and vice.

How wisely and with what profit and anxiety are Ohristians studying the long future? What will be the situation seventy-five years from now when great groups of people have come here from all the world?

Will the dominant influence be Ohristian or non-Ohristian? How are Ohristian forces preparing for the future ¥ Whatever may be the increase in population, the responsibility of Ohristians will be multiplied by that increase. In the centuries to come, if things continue as now in the face of these growing populations, what dangers will be faced and escaped' What civil wars may threaten the land 1 What foreign complications may arise to embarrass us? What social upheavals may break forth like slumbering, volcanoes? What new and sudden tests may come to this democracy? What dangerous caste systems may be produced by pride and wealth? What heavy chastisements may be visited upon the land if the people forget or neglect God? What painful recon- structions may be necessary if men trample the Golden Rule under their feet1 What industrial revolutions may spread terror in the business world? What new and secret combinations between politics and religion may prove as dangerous as shells whose impact not only destroys but whose expansion spreads poisoning gases and fire over wide areas ~ These questions suggest a hundred others that arise to perplex American Ohristians, as they contemplate the spirit- nal work that must be done and gird themselves for their strenuous future tasks.

It is fortunate indeed that our home missionary societies are working in happy harmony for the spiritual conquest of the con- tinent and face the future bravely with leaders who are studying the future with meticulous care and shaping their course on the favorable winds of heaven. Whatever the changes may bring and whatever open doors God may present, these missionary groups will grow in strength, in wisdom, in grace and in holy vision as the decades pass, and their contribution to the Ohristianization of the people in Amer- iea and abroad will be traceable to the beginnings that have been brought to spiritual fruitage and that will eontinue to yield thirty, sixty and a hundred fold in the years to come. c. L. W.

" OAMBRIDGE SE,VEN" FORTY YEARS

0HAS. T. STUDD }rIONTAGUE Bl-~ AIfCI-IAMP STANLEY P. SMITH ARTHUR T. POLHILL-TuRNER W. W. CAS S:F:LLS D. E. HOSTE (~ECIL POLRILL-TuRNER

Story of the Cambridge

A Thrilling Record of Seven UniL'ersity l'IJen and Their Missirna'ry Service BY HENRY J. COWELL, LONDON, ENGLAND FOR encouragement and emulation, and for the praise of God, it is well for us to recall the great happenings of the past. What , the Lord hath done, He can do again. It is not in Him that we are straitened, but in ourselves. Twoscore years ago there took place an event which is a wonderful experience of, and testimony to, the marvelous power of the Spirit of God.

Forty years ago a band of seven young British missionary volunteers set sail for China. Five of them were graduates of Cambridge, while the other two were British Army officers. It was stated that "no previous band had ever set out in the midst of such extraordinary manifestations of interest and sympathy." After the lapse of full forty years, all the seven men are still alive, and what is more remarkable, they are all still active in Christian service.

The "Cambridge Seven" consisted of the fall owing: Charles T. Studd, B.A., a member of the well-known cricketing family. In 1879 he was captain of the Eton Cricket Eleven and in 1883 of the Cambridge University Eleven. He was also a prominent member of the All-England team. Stanley Smith, B.A., of Trinity College, Cambridge, was a firstrate oarsman, and was" stroke" of the Cambridge Eight in 1882. Rev. W. W. Cassels, B.A., of St. John's College, Cambridge, was curate of All Saints, South Lambeth. D. E. Haste was the second son of Major-General Haste, of Brighton. Montagu Beauchamp, B.A., was son of a sister of Lord Radstock. Cecil Henry Polhill and Arthur T. Polhill were sons of Captain F. C. Polhill, at one time member of Parliament for Bedford. Both were on the Eton Eleven and, later, on the Trinity Hall (Cambridge) Eleven. The story of "the Cambridge Seven" is bound up with a time of spiritual revival-such as we are longing for today. From November 5th to 12th, 1882, Messrs. Moody and Sankey conducted a mission at Cambridge that was wonderful in its results. This was only the beginning, for there followed two years of remarkable revival among undergraduates of the university. In November, 1884, the British world was astonished to learn that C. T. Studd and Stanley Smith, the one a first-class cricketer and the other an equally outstanding oarsman, had volunteered to go as missionaries to China. Before 661

sailing, the two young men undertook an evangelistic tour, and held meetings of thrilling interest at Aberdeen, Edinburgh, Glasgow, Greenock, Newcastle-on-Tyne, Leeds, Rochdale, Liverpool, Man- chester and Bristol. The meetings at Edinburgh led to the great work among stUdents, carried on for so many years by Professor Henry Drummond.

Eventually the five other Cambridge volunteers decided to join Mr. Studd and Mr. Smith, and a series of farewell gatherings were held at Edinburgh, Cambridge, Oxford, and finally in Exeter Hall, London. All went to China under the China Inland Mission.

Dr. Eugene Stock, the historian of the Church Missionary Society, has recalled that the year 1885 was specially notable for three events in the foreign mission enterprise-the murder of General Gordon, the murder of Bishop Hannington, and the going forth to China of "the Cambridge Seven." "The influence of such a band of men going to China as missionaries," writes Dr. Stock, "was irresistible. No such event had occurred before, and no event of the last century has done so much to arouse the minds of Christian men to the tremendous claims of the field and the nobility of the missionary vocation. Deep spirituality marked most emphatically the densely crowded meetings in different places at which these seven men said farewell. No such missionary meeting had ever been known as the farewell gathering at Exeter Hall in February, 1885."

The dedication of Mr. Charles T. Studd to the mission field, and the conversion of Mr. Hoste were the direct results of D. L. Moody's evangelistic work; indeed, all the members of the band were directly or indirectly influenced by this great evangelist.

A marvelous work of grace went on for months in Scotland following the visit of Messrs. Studd and Smith, accompanied by Mr. Reginald Radcliffe. The university at Edinburgh, and the allied medical schools, with from 3,000 to 4,000 stUdents, were shaken to their depths. The work spread to all the other universities in Scotland; and then, as the students separated, it spread far and wide until the whole country was affected. Conversions were numbered by the thousand, and scores of men offered themselves for medical missionary work.

Even this is not the whole of this wonderful story, for a great worldwide missionary movement, which arose out of the action of •• the Cambridge Seven," is still exercising its beneficent and farspreading activities. One of the early leaders of the Student Volunteer Movement writes: "' The story of the Cambridge band, particularly the account of the visits of a deputation of these students to other British universities, made a profound impression on us. Here really was the germ-thought of the Student Volunteer Movement."

Shortly after the sailing of the Cambridge band, J. E. K. Studd

THE STORY OF THE CAMBRIDGE SEVEN

(now Sir J. E. Kynaston Studd), brother of C. T. Studd, was invited by Mr. Moody to visit Northfield. Dr. Arthur T. Pierson was also present at the Northfield Conference that year, and largely moved by J. E. K. Studd's story of what had happened in the universities of Great Britain, the Conference issued a stirring appeal for missionary workers. That "Letter to Believers in Jesus Christ the World Over," adopted at the suggestion of Dr. Pierson on August 14, 1885, stirs the heart strangely. It recalls that it was at Northampton, Massachusetts, that" Jonathan Edwards sent forth his trumpet peal call- ing upon disciples everywhere to unite in prayer for an effusion of the Spirit. That summons to prayer marked a new epoch in the Church of God. Mighty revivals of religion followed, and the spirit of missions was reawakened."

From the closing passage of this" Letter," I quote these words: Above all else, our immediate and imperative need is a new spirit of earnest and prevailing prayer. The first Pentecost covered ten days of united, continued supplication. Every subsequent advance may be divinely traced to believing prayer, and upon this must depend a new Pentecost. We there· fore earnestly appeal to all disciples to join us in importnnate and daily sup· plication for a new and mighty effusion of the Holy Spirit upon all ministers, missionaries, evangelists, pastors,' teachers, and Christiftn workers, and upon the whole earth, that God would impart t.o all Christ's witnesses the tongues of fire, and melt hard hearts before the burning message. It is not by might nor by power, but by the Spirit of the I..ord, that all true success must be secured; let us call upon God till He answereth by fire.

In the following summer (1886) the Student Volunteer Movement was born at the Student Conference at Mount Hermon, Mr. Moody's school for young men. In the fall of that same year John N. Forman and Robert P. Wilder, both sons of missionaries and Princeton graduates, went forth on a visit to various colleges and theological seminaries in America. This mission lasted from October, 1886, to June, 1887. They visited forty-four institutions together, and then separating, Mr. Forman visited fifty-two and Mr. Wilder sixty-six, making 162 in all. These visits resulted in 2,267 students (about three fourths men and one fourth women) personally signing the declaration~ "I am willing and desirous, God permitting, to become a foreign missionary."

Four years later, Robert P. Wilder arrived in England and was taken by Dr. Eugene Stock to the Keswick Convention. As chairman of the Saturday missionary meeting, Dr. Stock called upon Mr. Wilder to speak of what had been taking place amongst the students of America. Eventually, as an outcome of Wilder's work, a Student Volunteer Missionary Union was formed in Great Britain.

The interlacing and interlocking of this remarkable story as between England and America is wonderfully interesting. It shows once more that cooperation between these two great Ohristian nations is not only desirable but happily almost inevitable. D. L. Moody went from America to England; "the Cambridge Seven" sailed for China;

J. E. K. Studd went from England to America; Hobert P. Wilder went from America to England; and as a result of the organization of the Student Volunteer Missionary Movement in both countries the whole world is encompassed with missionaries of Christ.

One of the original" Seven" wrote at the time of their departure for China, "The Lord gave Us souls both on board the steamers and at each place we stopped at. Landing at Shanghai, on March 18th, meetings were arranged for us there. Some said, 'Ve will give you a year, or at most two years, and then we shall see you aU backgoing home again.' " The croakers and the pessimists were wrong -not for the first time!

The Band landed at Shanghai on March 18, 1885, and before leaving for their fields all put on Chinese dress in accordance with the custom of the mission.

Here in brief is the subsequent record of these seven men who, with the joy of the Lord for their strength and His power for their stay, have been proclaiming the unsearchable riches of Christ for full forty years.

Charle's T. Studd worked with the China Inland Mission for ten years, then for ten years in India; finally he started the Heart of Africa Mission, which has since developed into the "Vorld Evangelization Crusade. He is still actively engaged in labors in the centre of Africa.

Stanley Smith, liaving put in forty years' continuous service, is still engaged in evangelistic work in China.

D. E. Hoste also has an unbroken record of work on the field and succeeded Hudson Taylor as General Director .of the China Inland Mission. He has recently undertaken a world tour in the interests of the work.

W. W. Cassels, after ten years, was consecrated the first Bishop in Western China by agreement between the C. I. M. and the C. M. S. He is still actively at work on the field.

Montagu Beauchamp (now Sir Montagu Beauchamp), after being engaged in pioneering work in China for thirty years, returned home on account of his wife's health. He served as naval chaplain in the Great War, and is now secretary of the Army Scripture Headers' Society.

Cecil Polhill studied the Tibetan language and worked on the borders of Tibet. He now resides in England, but visits China at short intervals to engage in evangelistic work. One of his daughters is married to a missionary. schoolmaster at Suiting, in the far west of China.

Arthur Polhill has done a good deal of pioneering work, and has llooperated extensively with Bishop Cassels. He is at present in England on furlough, but after forty years' service is as keen as ever, and he is hoping to return to China in September.

America and Missionary

Impressions Made on Delegates to the Congress at Montevideo BY ROBERT E. SPEER, NEW YORK D ELEGATES from the United States to the Congress on Chris- tian Work in South America (Montevideo, March 29th to April 8th), after leaving the Congress attended the meetings of Regional Conferences in Buellos Aires and Santiago and then sailed from Valparaiso on April 29th. Before reaching Montevideo they had attended the meeting of the Brazilian Conference of the evangelical churches and missions at Rio and had come overland to Sao Paulo, the second city in Brazil, to see Mackenzie College and the other work in this great center of the coffee trade. Accordingly the delegation had had opportunity to see something of conditions in four of the ~outh American countries, Brazil, Uruguay, Argentina twd Chile. There were, moreover, six specialized groups in our delegation representing education, medicine and hygiene, literature and publication, women's work of all types, the Indians, and general evangelistic work and mission policy. Each of these groups was expected to study its special field for the benefit of all the delegation, and each one had unusual opportunities for doing so. Two days after leaving Valparaiso the deputation was to divide, part returning directly to the United States but the larger part to visit Bolivia and Peru, leaving the steamship Santa Elisa at Antofagasta and going- from there to La Paz and Cuzco and Arequipa by rail. It seemed desirable to crown the daily meetings held on the Southern Cross which the deputation had held on their way from New York to Brazil with a closing meeting on the Santa Elisa, to gather up the fresh impressions of the two months.

These impressions were stated very freely but those who spoke did so with the declaration that they had not had time to weigh their judgments and review all their experiences and would not wish their first impressions to be regarded as final. In seeking to give a summary of what was said, it will be fairer not to attach the names of the several speakers. Not all found time to speak but those who did speak from each group were the following: Education. Dr. Frank K. Sanders, formerly President of Washburn College and Dean of the Yale Divinity School and now Secretary of the Board of Missionary Preparation; Prof. D. J. Fleming of Union Theological Seminary; Prof. H. A. Holmes of the University of New York; Prof. W. W. Sweet of De Pauw University; Dr. Wade C. Barclay of the Sunday School Board of the Methodist Episcopal Church.

Medicine and Hygiene. Mr. E. S. Gilmore, President of the American Hospital Association and Superintendent of the Methodist Episcopal Hospital 673 2

in Chicago, and Dr. Max J. Exner, Secretary of the American Association of Social Hygiene.

Literature and Puhlication. Dr. Orts Gonzale~, Editor of La Nueva Democracia.

Woman's Work and Y. W. C. A. Mrs. Francis J. McConnell, Mrs. Robert E. Speer, Mrs. James S. Cushman, Mrs. D. J. Fleming.

India.ns. Mrs. Walter H. Rowe and Miss Edith Dabb. General Problems. Bishop F. J. McConnell, Dr. S. G. Inman, Mr. R. A. Doan, the Rev. Albert E. Day of Canton, Ohio, and Mr. F. P. Turner, Secretary of the Conference of the Foreign Mission Boards of North America.

These were the friendly and sympathetic visitors whose first and unreviewed impressions it may he worth while to record.

"My first impression,H began one of the educational group, "is of the many good mon here in South America with whom we ought to work. Of course we met the best and the most friendly men in government education and public life and perhaps we had exceptional opportunities of access, but I wonder whether our missionary work might not draw closer to these men and help them and be helped by them. We were greatly impressed by their quality and their spirit and aims. For the most part they are already aloof from the Roman Catholic Church and their ideals of freedom and progress are in close accord with ours. We ought to be working together now more than we are."

"My interest," said the next speaker, "was primarily in the Indians and one sees at once the lack of integration in the whole problem. The character and status of the Indians differ in the different countries. Some of these countries have a true conception of the problem and are earnestly dealing with it and elsewhere it is conceived in a totally inadequate way. In some cases the distinctness of the problem is realized and elsewhere it is not. As you go home will you not turn attention to this problem of at least 10,000,000 Indians in South America 7"

"What we have seen," remarked the third speaker, "shows that in this work persons count. The personal touch means more than anything else. Impersonally our problems are much the same. The problem is one of persons. And the persons here are now accessible to the right persons from without or within. In each country there are some leaders awake to the social and religious problems. As we think and speak of South America at home we must keep in mind these men and women."

"It was a revelation to me," said one of the women, "to feel the touch of the women of Chile and a few other women with the human problem. They were thinking and feeling with the best women of all lands. But then there were few such women, and there was a great gulf between them and the mass of women. They feel keenly the smallness of their numbers and some of 'them are discouraged

SOUTH AMERICA AND MISSIONARY WORK

but there are able aud trusted leaders who will not lose heart, like Madam Mesquita of Brazil and Gabriela Mistral, the Chilean poetess, and Dona Eudalia of the Club de Senoras and Senora Elena Oliveira de Castro of the National Council of Women in Santiago. Also I was _distressed at our Protestant neglect of beauty in our bare worship and our poor barren churches. Protestantism at home has been very negligent of the right and use of beauty and it has been even more so here. :Most of the people of our evangelical churches are poor and their houses are bare and it is true that much of the Roman Catholic Church adornment is tawdry and ugly but nature is beautiful here and the Spanish tradition has so many elements of beauty in it that I wonder if we could not make more of it."

"I have the same feeling," replied another woman. "The government and Roman Catholic school buildings which we have seen were so much more beautiful than our mission schools. Why do we sacrifice color and beauty so for our Puritan barrenness 1 I want to get pictures and beautiful adornments for our schools. I don't believe we use beauty enough in the cultivation of the soul."

"Women have been gaining their rights st.eadily in South America," added the former speaker. "In Chile under the new laws women now control their own property and have equal control of the children. In Argentina, however, we were told that three quarters of a wife's earnings can be taken to pay her husband's debts."

"As to the hospitals," said one of the medical group, "I have seen some of the best and some of the worst I have ever seen; some that would compare with our best at home and some that are beyond all condemnation, with wretched sanitation and with shameless crowding. The doctors are good but the great weakness is a lack of nurses. In consequence there is no competent post-operative care. The great need is for the development of a trained nursing profession such as the Rockefeller l!'oundation is helping to develop in Rio. And poor nurses are due in fact to the attitude of South America to women. The doctors don't regard women as equal or efficient. There is no greater need in South America than for nurses and nursing schools. I can't conceive of a more powerful Ohristian agellCy than a company of nurses."

"We have had an enlarging experience," said the next speaker. "It is a good discipline to try to come into sympathetic understanding with a continent. As for me I go back with a far greater hope than ever before. The problems of social health are more even than I had supposed. The price which South America is paying in preventable sex diseases is colossal. But there are true leaders and real movements under way to deal with these evils. In Chile they have now a law requiring a certificate from a state examiner of good health on the part of both parties before ch-il marriage. These countries are looking for the best experience of other countries in dealing with these problems. We need to keep in friendly association with them with more freqnent interchange of thought. Thus we shall spread the processes of social evolution."

"As for me," one of the educationalists continued, "I have as yet not so much impressions as interrogations. I wonder why we can't provide more adequate educational plants. ~With two or three exceptions all the mission institutions we have seen were inadequately equipped. Can't the Boards unite and do together what they can't do alone 1 And how can we produce more leaders both in the Church and in society? And ought we not to send out to our institutions young people with more adequate equipment~ These are some of my questions. As yet I have questions but not answers."

"That is my position too," added one of the laymen. "I remember something that Dr. Ernesto Nelson of Argentina said at Montevideo on 'The Night of the Open Heart,' 'A believer who is a rascal is a thousand times more harmful than an atheist who lives a Christian life.' You remember he told us that Christianity is a discredited banner in South America. How can we overcome all this with a moore powerful leadership 1 Also I wonder if our methods which accept our denominational distinctions are right. I don't like the Findings at Montevideo on Cooperation and Union because they assume the continuance of our denominations. I think they should all be one and that we ought to begin at home."

"My impression," said one of the home pastors of the group, "is of the great amount of moral and spiritual idealism which is not being capitalized for the Kingdom of God. We need missionaries to reach idealists outside of any church. In the interest of general evangelization I would do more to reach these leaders."

"I ask myself," said a home teacher, "how we can help South America when we get home. "Ve owe South America a better understanding in the United States. There is so much that is good that we ought to appreciate and praise. I am going to try to make my students see this as well as the other side."

"I have seen nothing more beautiful," said one of the women, "than the affection and joy of the girls in the Y. W. C. A. in Santiago. Their interest and devotion were lovely. These girls of South America are eager for friendship and responsive to every effort to provide for them what our own girls have at home."

"What a treasure we shall always have now in our new friendships," added one of the men. "We should keep these alive. It has been a joy to meet these good men. At the same time I would qualify a little what is said about the leader class. As a matter of fact here, as in the United States, any men and women of intelligence and character can rise to leadership. Perhaps the most influential woman in Chile did not come from a family of social position or wealth.

1925J SOUTH AMERICA AND MISSIONARY WORK

We do well in our mission work to lay our emphasis on work for the great body of the people. As to our teachers I too would pre- pare them better for specialized teaching but it is easy for teachers to lose sight of the fact that persons, more than subjects to be taught, are the important thing."

"Well, I could make criticisms on what we have seen," said another, "but I would say only one thing, that it seems to me that what is needed in South America is some of the courage of Paul in these Nicodemus leaders. Many of them are in sympathy with our evangelical churches and their principles but are not ready to make the sacrifice of open avowal. How are we to get churches for this class until some of them boldly do what Paul did in identifying him- self with the church of the despised and the poor1"

"This trip has been a delight to me," said another member of . the group. "I have seen how mi.ssionary work begins and how necessary it is to begin right, even if it means slower growth. I realize the importance of this especially in the matter of self-support. To do for people what they can and ought to do for themselves is an injury and not a kindness."

"I come home loving the women and girls of South America," said another of the women, "especially of Chile. I have been dis- appointed in the churches of fo1ome of these countries but since I have seen the girls I have taken fresh eourage. I observe that the women leaders in the mission work and in many other aspects of life in some of these lands are the graduates of our mission schools."

"What the missions have done," said the last woman who spoke, "is the miracle of the loayes and the fishes. And the results are just now beginning. From so little that we have given, as yet, far greater things are already appearing. I think we should study the needs of Christian mystici:;;m in our Protestant worship and its forms. Also we should see that these girls so eager and friendly de- Rerve what they are reaching out for. In education they certainly deserve something better than goes under the name of 'university' in some of these countries."

"Of my impressions," said one of the group, "I would speak of three. First, I see more clearly than ever the value and necessity of the work of the Committee on Cooperation in Latin America and I appreciate what Dr. Inman and Dr. Orts have done. Second, I too wish we might reach influential leaders but I remember that the New Testament was written in the language of ordinary men and that the Gospel took hold of the mass of human society. Don't let U8 be afraid to go down to the peon and the roto. And third, we are asking too much of our missionaries in the way of sacrifice."

"Now," said the last speaker, "we are going home to be a company of advocates of South America. Ve have got a great deal of good andrpade many friends .. The great South A.merican papers

could not have been kinder to us than they were and we have helped the leaders of the national evangelical churches to realize the real purpose of our missionary work' and to see more clearly the ideal of it all which is to be realized in their absolute independence and authority. We have done our best to help them to see that the missions and the home churches are eager to have them take the leadership that we may follow them. The Congress at Montevideo and the regional conferences whieh preceded and followed it have made it clear how great is our duty at home to work together with one another and wi.th the South American Ohnrehes. They laid out a dozen more tasks whieh they wish us to undertake with them. If anyone thought that we are not wanted in South America or that our work is done, these congresses put au end to that misconception. They called for a quadrupling of our cooperative work. Let us go home to summon our churches to respond to the call which we have heard set forth with sueh urgency and friendship and good will."

These were first impressions. One may be sure that some of them, at least, will remain as permanent convietions.

FOURTEEN POINTS ON FOREIGN MISSIONS 1. Every book in the New Testament was written by a foreign missionary, 2. Every letter in the New Testament that was written to an indi- vidual was writen to a convert of a foreign missionary, 3, Every epistle in the New Testament that was written to a church was written to a foreign missionary church.

4. Every book in the New Testament that wa~ written to a com- munity of believers was written to a general group of foreign missionary churches.

5. The one book of prophecy in the New Testament was written to 'the seven foreign missionary churches in Asia.

6. The only authoritative history of the early Christian Church is a foreign missionary journal.

7. The disciples were called Christians first in a foreign missionary community.

8. The language of the books of the New Testament is the mission- ary language.

9. The map of the early Christian world is the tracing of the jour- neys of the first missionaries.

10. Of the twelve apostles chosen by Jesus, every apostle except one became a missionary.

11. The only man among the twelve apostles who did not become a missionary became a traitor.

12. The problems which arose in the early Church were largely questions of missionary procedure.

13. Only a foreign missionary could write an everlasting gospel.

14. According to the apostles, missionary service is the highest expression of Christian life. :-William Adams Brown.

A White-Turbaned Leader in

An Account of the Life and Personality of K. T. Paul, of the Y. M. C. A. in India BY REV. H. A. POPLEY, MADRAS, INDIA Religiou s Work Dfrpartment of the National Y. M. C. A.

I N ORDER to understand truly a man and his make-up it is neces- sary to go back to the influences which shaped his career. This is the more important in a land like India where group and family life play so large a part. With this in mind I attempt to give here some account of the personality and career of my friend, K. T. Paul. "K. T." as he is familiarly called, the white-turhaned chief of the Indian Y. M. C. A., is today an outstanding na tional leader in India, and an international personality who is known and respected throughout both Europe and America.

K. '1'. Paul was visit- ing Erode in connection with the w 0 l' k of the Nat io n a I Missionary Society wh011 I first met him.

Next I saw him in Trivan- drum in December, 1910, at the second meeting of the General Assembly of the South India Unit~d Church.

This occasion was a potent KANAKARAYAN T. PAUL factor in determining the Genera] Secretary, National Council of Young Men's course of my own life and Christian AssociatioDs of India and Ceylon. A uni- rerslty man. experienced in Civil Rervice. a.n acknowl- our mutual relationships. edged Jeader of Indian thought, and a 'Worker whose ability has been proved in great tasks.

'fhe United Church had then been recently organized by the union of a number of' Presbyterian and Congregational churches, and the problem of a common liturgy for our church services was before us. "K. T." sounded the note which has been distinctive of him all through, the note of a natural and national method of self-expression for the Indian Church, and urged that a liturgy should be prepared which should not be a mere copy of Western forms, but should have its roots in the ancient religious traditions of the land. At the next assembly, in 1912, 679

at the instance of Mr. Paul, a new committee was appointed to attempt to bring together the material for such a liturgy. As I was made covener of the committee, this brought me into close and intimate association with him. We also got together in connection with the new rural work inaugurated by the Y. M. O. A. At that time I was working with the London Missionary Society at Erode, and it had become clear to us that the economic betterment of the Christian community in the villages required the or- ganization of cooperative credit societies. The first Rural Y. M. C. A. Secretary was stationed at Erode.

In June, 1914, the South Iudia United Church appointed a small committee to cOllsider organizing an evangelistic campaign through- out the whole Church. Mr. Paul was a member of that committee, of which I was convener. Our first meeting was held at the old Paul farmhouse, two miles from Salem, a most charming spot, where I first made the acquaint- ance of Mr. Paul's family. This old farmhous~, which THE MOTHER OF K. T. PAUL had been for three generations the homestead of the Paul family, was a long, low, thatched building in a typical South Indian farm.

A small irrigation stream ran through the property and watered the rich rice lands. A big well on the land at that time was not in much use, as it needed a considerable expenditure of money to deepen and improve it. Magnificent mango trees yielded the luscious variety of this Indian fruit for which Salem is famous. To the west could be seen the well-wooded Shevaroy Hills. Around were other smaller ranges of hills. Salem ·with its 60,000 inhabitants lay two miles off, hidden away in the groves of mango, tamarind and cocoanut. .

To understand K. T. Paul the rural life in ·which he was born must be understood. He is a son of the soil, with a deep interest in aud an experimental knowledge of agriculture. He represents the best traditions of the South Indian rural middle class with its natural culture and dignity and its newborn aspirations for public life. He was reared in the class which has produced some of the greatest saints and poet-philosophers of the old bhakti school of Tamil Saivism and Vaishnavism, and which forms the backbone of South Indian philanthropy and commerce.

A WHITE-TURBANED LEADER IN INDIA

The ancestry of the Pauls contained elements that helped to form the warp of his charact.er. On the paternal side his grandfather was a Hindu, a Reddy by caste, an indigo merchant, and a native of Cuddaph in the Telugu districts. He was working as an agent for an European firm whose headquarters were at Chittoor. He was known as a very trustworthy man, and later he moved to Chittoor, where he became the head agent (or dubash) of the firm. There he joined the Roman Catholic Church. He had three sons and a daughter, whose name was KeturammaI. She became a nun and rose to be the first Indian lady superior of the convent at THE HOME OF K T. PAUL AT RALEM. INDIA Omalur. The youngest son, David, was the father of K. T. Paul. The grandfather married twice, and the children of the first wife were driven out by the stepmother. David became an attender on a salary of seven rupees a month at the Collector's cutchery in Chittoor. He worked his way up to the position of head clerk to the sub-collector and became Huzur Serishtadar' of the cutchery2 at Salem, a position he retained for eighteen years. He was an entirely self-educated man, with a remarkable personality, and had great influence throughout the district. His opinions are quoted frequently in the District Gazetteer and he took a prominent part. in the revenue settlement of the district He became a Protestant and died in 1878. K. T. 's grandfather was always held up to him as an outstanding man of unusual ability and a great benefactor.

1 Head accountant. 'CQllector's I)fllee.

People all over the district speak of his kindness, and the beggars :still sing folk songs which tell some incidents of his life.

K. T. Paul's ancestry was no less remarkable on the mother's . :side, in whom two interesting families came together. The first is that of Velayutha Tambiran, whose son, Satthianathan, became catechist in the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel. His :son, Dr. S. B. Kanakarayan, was a graduate of the Madras Medical College, and was one of the earliest medical men sent out to pioneer "V-,restern medicine in the mofussil. He built the first government hospital in Pollachi and was very much respected. He married Hannah, the daughter of Gingee Thomas, an owner of surf boats, in which the cargo and passengers of ships used to be landed at Madras before the harbor was built. The father of Girigee Thomas was a Roman Catholic and a non-commissioned officer who died fight- ing under Lord Lake in 1801. It is probable that from this fact Gingee Thomas received his name, as Lord Lake had much to do with the capture of Gingee Fort. Gingee Thomas was a writer of Tamil verse and he put the Old Testament into verse after the model of the Rama Nataka·m (Drama of Rama).

Hannah Ammal, K. T. Paul's maternal grandmother, was a woman of remarkable personality, sound judgment and high ideal- ism. After the Salem riots in 1882, she was prominent in the effort to secure harmony between the Hindus and Moslems. After the death of David Paul in 1878, when K. T. was only two years of age, Hannah Ammal managed the whole of the family property and took charge of the family till K. T. came of age. She was a member of the Anglican Church and a great friend of Dr. Bower, t4e chief re- viser of the Tamil Bible. She was educated by Mrs. Anderson, the wife of the founder of the Christian College, Madras, and was one of the few Indian women at that time who knew English. In those days when journeys had to be made by road, she used to go fre- quently to Madras.

Kanakarayan Thomas Paul was born on March 24, 1876, and was named for his two grandfathers and his great-grandfather. He was the only child of the marriage; his mother was only seventeen years of age at the time of his birth, and his father died two years later. One of his earliest recollections is that of a visit to Dr. Bower at Madras, when the veteran Tamil scholar took bim on his knee and blessed him. Another memory of this period, when he was six years old, recalls the gruesome Salem riots in 1882, when the Hindus completely demolished a large Moslem mosque, and a number of people were killed.

One of the greatest influences in young Kanakarayan's life was that of his grandmother, who used to read with him the Tamil versions of Pilgrim's Progress, the Holy War, and other books. She was always warning him of the evil of scandal-mongering, which

A WHITE-TURBANED LEADER IN

was entirely taboo in their family. Davamoni Sastriar, one of the family of Vedanaiyayam Sastriar, the great Tanjore Christian singer and poet, was a great friend of his grandmother and a con- stant visitor to the house. The songs of the poet were often sung, so that Kanakarayan came to have his great love for and familiar- ity with Tamil poetry and song.

In 1886 at the age of ten he was taken to Madras and joined the school department of the Christian College, then under the prin- cipalship of Dr. Miller, another of the great influences that moulded his life. While he was in school in the year 1887, on account of the conversion of a Brahmin student, all the Hindu boys left the school and college. .

Sarasvati Sastriar, a Christian sadhu,· came and stayed at the Thottam in Salem, as the Pauls' house was called, for six months, and Kanakarayan became his disciple, acting as his serva.1t, as was the ancient custom of India. Sarasvati Sastriar was a great Telugu singer, and it was through him that Kanakarayan gained his knowledge of and love for Telugu literature. He was different from the ordinary sadhu, a Vigorous and active man who threw himself into all kinds of social service, as well as engaged in religious medita- tion. He also did a good deal of medical work wi.th Ayurvedic medicines, of which he had a fair knowledge.

In 1889 Kanakarayan went to the London Mission High School, Salem, where that fine teacher, P. Sundram," introduced him to the masterpieces of English literature. At this time, he came into intimate contact with Asirvatham David, the headmaster of the Lon- don Mission High School, Coimbatore, with whom he read Dickens, Chalmers, and Cardinal Newman. He passed matriculation at the age of fourteen, and then went to Salem College. Here he was drawn into the whirlpool of Indian politics in company with his classmates, B. V. Narasimham, C. Rajagopalachary, and B. Danaraja Rao. He and B. V. Narasimham, a Brahmin, started a Bible class which met regularly at the Thottam, and continued throughout their course in tbe Christian College, Madras. They also studied the teachings of the Brahmo Samaj and the beautiful Tamil songs of the old Saivite saints. One of the little group decided to join the Christian Church, and all of them have been profoundly influenced in their lives and characters by the personality of .Jesus Christ.

Kanakarayan went through his course in the Salem College with distinction, winning a government scholarship for the graduate course. He studied there the works of Herbert Spencer, Huxley, Romanes, Henry Drummond, John Morley, Benjamin Kidd, Dr. Carpenter, and other religious and philosophical writers.

He returned to the Christian College, Madras, for the graduate course. In his class, in addition to his Salem .classmates, were R.

8 Ascetic.

Narayana Iyer, who passed into the Indian Civil Service and became a judge, V. S. Azariah, who became the Bishop of Dornakal, A. P. Patro, now Minister of Education in the Madras Government and knighted, Venkata Reddi Naidu, late Development Minister of the Madras Government, and recently made a knight, and P. J. Devasagayam, now the principal of the London Mission High School, Coimbatore. Among the Salem group C. Rajagopalachary became an outstanding national leader and Mahatma Gandhi's principal lieutenant, a man of high idealism and unblemished character. B. V. Narasimha Iyer was a leading lawyer and a member of the old Madras Legislative Council. During his graduate course in Madras, Kanakarayan decided to join the College Church, Madras, connected with the Presbyterian Church. His grandmother, though a staunch Anglican, respected his decision and joined him at his first communion. He was brought into close contact with Rev. W. Kellett of the Wesleyan Mission, a man of deep spiritual insight and great influence with young men. Politics, social reform and Tamil litera- ture were tpe principal interests in his life. At that time Pandits Suryanarayana Sastri, Natesa Sastri, Kanakasababathi Pillay, Sundram Pillay and Swaminatha Tyer were doing great work for the Tamil classics and in current Tamil literature.

Kanakarayan went into the law college and at the same time took a position as clerk in the secretariat, and so got a thorough grounding in office work and method, which was to stand him in good stead in after years. At the close of his law course he resigned his work in the secretariat and went back to Salem, where he took up farming for a year. Then on an urgent request from his old friend, P. J. Devasagayam of Coimbatore, he went to the London Mission High School as a teacher, and in 1900 took his Licentiate of Teaching, passing first in the Presidency. After his normal course he accepted the position of headmaster of the Punganur High School of the American Arcot Mission. At this time he received an offer of an assistant inspector's position from the Government. On consulting Dr. Miller about this offer, he received the characteristic reply, "Surely you would not consider going down from Christian education to a government inspectorate." That settled the question.

In his eighteenth year he had been recognized as head of the family in Salem. The turban was placed on his head and his grandmother blessed him. Shortly after, his grandmother passed away, and his mother took her position in the family. In 1899 he was married to the daughter of Narasingha Rao, Sub-Registrar, Tiruppatur, after an engagement of two years.

In 1903 Dr. Miller offeretl him the position of tutor in the Christian College and he accepted. It was the beginning of a new era in student work in Madras. The influence of Larsen and Hogg was effecting great things and he worked with them. At this time

A WRITE-TURBANED LEAD.l!JR IN INDIA

also with Devadasen David, an old friend, he started the paper Christava N esan, which expired in two years, leaving them the poorer in pocket, but richer in experience.

In 1905 a conference of leaders of the Indian Church met at Serampore under the inspiration of G. S. Eddy, who said to him, "We had to come all the way to Serampore to know each other." At this conference the National Missionary Society of India was organized, and K. T. Paul was made Honorary Treasurer and later Organizing Secretary. During his holidays he went about all over India, organizing branches of the Society in the different churches. In 1907 he became the first full-time Secretary of the Society and K. T. PAUL. HIS WIFE. SON. DAUGHTERS AND A WOMAN RELATIVE returned to Salem to live. As Municipal Councillor and District Board Member he gained experience of the work of local self-government. For five years he worked strenuously for the National Missionary Society, placing that fine society on a stable foundation in the hearts of Christian young India and coming into intimate contact with the missionary and church leaders all over India. His life was a hard one, as he was frequently away from home on long journeys and had to endure the discomforts of third-class travel and lodgings in all sorts of places. This was the period when he gained his wide and intimate knowledge of the economic and spiritual condition of the Christian community from Peshawar to Cape Comorin and from Bombay to Barisal.

In 1912 he was chosen to accompany John R. Mott in his

all-India tour during which the United Missionary Councils were organized throughout India. At the Conference of the Y. M. C. A. Secretaries at Puri, on the East Coast, famous for the great temple of Jaganath, the first Y. M. C. A. Conference he attended, he was offered by E. C. Carter the position of Associate General Secretary of the Y. M. C. A., with especial reference to the development of rural work. For one year he travelled throughout India, coming into close contact with the Y. M. C. A. work in every part and in ]913 he took up the work of organizing the Rural Department of the Y. M. C. A.

The period of preparation and training in K. T. Paul's life had been a long and a full one and he had gained wide experience in many spheres of life. He had already won a position of leadership in the Indian Church and had shown himself to possess resource and judgment to a remarkable degree. In 1909 he took a prominent part in the negotiations which led to the formation of the South India United Church and was the first Indian to be elected President of the General Assembly of the church in the year 1912.

In the 'year 1913 he started the rural work of the Y. M. C. A. in the districts of Coimbatore and Cuddapah, in South India, and so began to work out his great idea of rooting the Y. M. C. A. in the rural communities of India, and of helping to solve some of the economic problems of the rural Christian community.

Then in the year 1914 the Great War broke out and E. C. Carter did one of the finest things in his career. He deliberately gave up his General Secretaryship of the Y. M. C. A. with the object of leaving K. T. Paul in a position of leadership and responsibility in the movement and so K. T. Paul became the General Secretary of the Indian National Council of the Y. M. C. A. From 1917 onwards, F. V. Slack was with him as Associate Secretary. The self-effacing and disinterested work of these two American leaders has meant a very great deal to the movement in India. It was under their leadership that the foundations of the Indian Y. M. C. A. were laid and by their inspiration that its Indian leadership was made secure.

Throughout the war years the work of the Y. M. C. A. went forward by leaps and bounds under K. T. Paul's guidance and the lessons of his earlier experiences in many different spheres now came to fruition. He showed himself a wise, capable and resourceful leader, never allowing the external developments of Y. M. C. A. work to get too far ahead of the steady internal development of the organization, even in the hectic years of 'the war. At his instance a number of fine Indian young men were enlisted in the service of the Y. M. C. A. and the Indian Y. M. C. A. took on more and more of an Indian character. During this period also he helped to start the Christian Central Bank to finance the cooperative societies started by the Y. M. C. A. among the poor Christian communities

A WlItTE-TURBANED LEADER iN

and the depressed classes. He also occupied prominent posltloiiS in the important councils of the Church throughout India.

As the war drew to its close and politics came to the forefront, the public life of the country drew his attention more and more. He came to be recognized as an outstanding leader by all the different communities throughout India and was one of the few Indian Christians to take his stand against communal representation for the Indian Christian community. He was an associate of Lionel Curtis in his work on the Reformed Constitution and in 1919 at the invitation of the English National Council and the International Committee of North America he made his first voyage to the West. During his stay in England he gave evidence before the Joint Committee on Indian Reforms, emphasizing again his point against communal representa:tion, a position to which many Indian Christian leaders are now rapidly coming. He returned to India at the close of 1919 to face a period of reduction and reconstruction in the work of the Y. M. C. A., and of unrest and disturbance in the political world. He was one of the first to foresee the necessity of a radical curtailment of the war-swollen work of the Indian Y. 1L C. A. and worked steadily to the end of retaining all that was valuable and f'ssential and to the lopping off of everything that was not vital.

Throughout all this he had many interests in the public life of the country and in the work of the Christian Church in India. During his visit to London in 1919 he was responsible for establishing the Indian Students' HosteJ in the old Shakespeare Hut, behind the British Museum, a piece of work that showed his farseeing vision and statesmanship. Since then he has made two other trips to the West and has become well-known to Y. M. C. A. leaders throughout the world.

There are criticisms made of his work, as of that of every great leader, but none can fail to rec,ognize that to him perhaps more than to any other single individual the Indian Y. M. C. A. owes its present position of national leadership in thought and service. His friends believe that his work is only just beginniug. It may be that this whole period has been the preparation for a national service of even greater usefulness. Whatever and wherever it may be, we feel confident that God has not yet finished with K. T_ Paul and that the future which lies before him is full of infinite possibilities of service.

Bishop Fred. B. Fisher, of the Methodist Episcopal Church in India, says that the kind of missionaries needed today are those with an absorb- ing love for God and for their fellow men; with absolute freedom from racial or national prejudice; freedom from religious conceit; those who have a true social vision; a confidence in the greatness of Christ and in His ability to supply every human need; those with humility and a will- ingness to give up personal control of the enterprise.

Impressions on a World Tour·

A Letter from Dr. Wilfred T. Grenfell of Labrador ON my way to Labrador, I had to pass through this harbor (Sydney) and found myoId friend, Capt. H. Donald Mac- . Millan, with his two boats here against the wharf on their way to the North Pole. He invited me to join him and he offered to land me at one of our hospitals (Battle Harbor, Labrador).

Of course, impressions grow cold in time. Our thinking machine is a machine-the most wonderful on earth–and in the bustle of these days it gets as clogged up as the Norwegian telegraph stations did with messages when Amundsen and his crew turned up safe again not long ago.

I must try and write you a line from the rail–who can say when I shall be near a post office again 1 By me is the Naval Flight Lieutenant in charge of the airplanes! We have been talking of ice landings from the air. In the paper today is a notice of the death of his flying chum, Lt. Com. Chase, godfather to his son, who crashed and was killed in Honolulu (an unusually expert flier). Who knows anything on earth7 Is the atom something or nothing moving round in a circle? Am I sitting on this raiH I believe I am-and that's all that any man can prove. This is an age of faith, and we know it.

The first great lesson ,ve picked up from "goiug round the world" was this-what a heap of people there are in it! Howextraordinarily alike they are at heart! When you get through the pachydermatous covering, all are human, all are capable of good and evil, of joy and sorrow. But, above all, all are able to help forward the Kingdom of God if once they grasp the meaning of our stay on earth. Egypt, Sudan, Palestine, Syria, Mesopotamia, Iudia, China, Japan, Oanada and the United States of America-rioting, murders, suffering, sin, sorrow, joy and accomplishments or failures. We saw them all. Sometimes the world did seem to us upside down-what must it seem to God above f But I am a surgeon. My first job in life has been to do as good work as I can to prolong human existence on earth. I've been discouraged sometimes, especially when I had to try, at great expense, to send back again to his family the drunken and dangerous animal who has come under my care only because of his own viciousness. But as I was in hospitals all around from New York and London to the Rockefeller Hospital at Peking, I saw men-IDen like myself, patiently trying to tackle just such jobs, and that not for money- *Written from. on board the ship Bowdoin} Sydney, C. Po, June 26. 1925. Dr. a.nd Mrs. Grenfell have recently returned from a world tour and he here gives bis imvressions or the foreign missionary w(Jrk and some lessons he learned.-EnITOR.

688 but because they believed human life is 'North while. If they saw as God sees, would they think so ~ That's the second great secret-it is because they do see as Christ saw, that they stick to their work. They believe that God needs men-that in Egypt he needs Egyptians-though, just as we were going to be guests in Sir Lee Stack's home at Khartum, a lot of half-educated Egyptian boys murdered that noble man. They believe that in India He wants Indians-though we saw thousands of painted, panting, perspiring fanatics night after night at places like Conjeeveram, guilty of every kind of disgusting and imbecile superstition, defiling that exquisite God-made environment far into the hours of rest and darkness. The same is true in China. In spite of those who still believe that Emopeans and Americans gouge out children's eyes for medicine, and in spite of those who perpetuate the bestial cruelties of the Boxers or the little better negations of all human likeness to God in the shambles of Canton, the missionaries still believe that God wants Chinese. So in the loneliness, and amid the difficult and often hostile and dangerous surroundings, men are as full of fun as a sand hoppel', and as full of simple human emotions as, shall I say, men in ,Vall Street or in an "orthodox" congregation jiscussing creeds and church rituals in safety and comfort at home.

Men and women, young and old, rich and poor, some are at work out there, receiving enough to live on as they.have a right to do- but not growing rich on it-and always capable of doing more if only they were given more to do it with, for money gives freedom and relief from worry. But what a number are out on the mission fields simply because they have the true knight's vision, viz: that the best place from every point of view in which to pass our years on earth is where the job is hardest and where we are most needed by man and God. There is where the real challenge of Christ comes-not a challenge to "know" and "understand" all the philosophic or phys- ical problems about Jesus Christ which we cannot know till we have crossed over, but a challenge to understand what we may know by following Him. C That was a great. lesson. In a city away up from Nanking, I lived with a man who went there with three others after only one "foreigner" had been kno,vn to enter the eity and he had been promptly killed by the crowd. My friend and his three friends were only saved from the same fate by the fact that the governor had learned from the death of the other (whose life was not lost) that it meant less trouble to kick the neweomers out alive-which he did at once. These brave men went baek two years later-all four. Two are now gone to the last Home, but one-my host-still lives in that city-a lovely home–a hospital-orphanages-churehes-native pas- tors-sehools-and when the last bandit army attaeked the city, he received from the Chinese governor-though not a Christian-the 3

TItE MISSIONARY REVIEW 01<' 1'111<; wUHLu

offer of every soldier in the city to protect the mission station. He has lived to see that-and be is a volunteer missionary–a rich mem- ber of a banker's family from New York City!

I was walking in a city with another missionary-a young uni- versity man. We were hunting hand looms. For, like Gandhi, whom I met in India, we in Labrador are preaching our Gospel in one way by giving the people industries so that the message of love may come through enabling a mother to feed and clothe her babies rightly. We found in one home a Chinese actually making forty yards of home- spun by hand in a day! I bought that loom, at once, for Labrador. My missionary friend (away up the Yangtze River and right in the line of fire between the now fanatical and rampant Yunnanese and Oantonese) promised to see the matter through and send the loom prepaid to Labrador.

"How much will it cost~" I asked. "Nothing at all," he replied. "Booh. It will cost quite a lot."

"Not one milleme. I've always wanted a hand in your work in Labrador, ~, he said.

"But I can't allow a married man on a missionary salary to do it. " "Well, if you must have it," he said, "I do take a salary and live on it-to be like the rest. But that leaves me still my own income to put into the mission budget here. "

He won out. The loom won't cost Labrador one cent! And . . . well . . . I got a blessing, not because he told me that he believed in anything, fundamental or modern, but just because he showed me that he had the same spirit that kept Jesus Christ in Galilee till His enemies crucified Him. That is what is wanted and what exists in the "mission field." I rerkoll. that what my missionary friend believed was right, though he didn't tell me what it was. He believed a good deal more I am sure than Thomas or Judas-or even James and John-when the Master first called them to be His knights and chevaliers and to go out to preach the Gospel and heal the sick.

The only force in the world today capable of saving the world is the force of love. Anyone" going round the world" with his eyes open, and an observing mind can see that. I say anyone. Force has been proved a failure. Why worry with a demonstrated failure? r~ove-the greatest thing in the world-is the only force that can save the world. It not only can do it, but is doing it. It is under- .mining the middle wall-the wall of convention, of ignorance, of distrust, of superstition; that Vall cannot be knocked down. But as you go round the world, you can see that this wall is being under- mined, and you can see also who are doing it. It is the men and women who possess not intellectual infallibility but the loving spirit of the Christ and who possess it wlque ad mortem. They will have not only the Crown of Life, but theirs is the ~rown of this life.

SOME IMPRESSION8 ON A WORLD TOUR

I came away from some of these men and women of whom I had never heard before and I knew that I had been in real communion with the living Lord. They are men and women like you and me. That was the second great truth we learned. That is why God needs human life. That is why it is worth being a surgeon to repair the physical machines and so enable them to go on serving a little longer the man inside, whose service God needs.

Isn't there anti-religious feeling in Russia ~ Isn't there anti-religious propaganda in Ohina? Isn't there more anti-Ohristian fighting force being used today than for many years?

Thank God there is. The Devil is switching his tail around at last-some one is really treading on it. It is better to be killed while you are alive for doing things than to be dead 'while you talk about doing them.

Still quietly sitting by my side on the rail is the Flight Oommander, who, in spite of the death of his chum by crashing from the air, in spite of the news of the terrible dangers of landing on sea ice, as Amundsen found it-in spite of a wife and three lovely children at home-is as an officer in the navy of his homeland, in the front line of Uncle Sam's fighting forces, going to take his life in his hands over the polar sea and do his hazardous duty without even thinking of the danger or talking about the sacrifice. ,Von't he have a good time! What does Christ expect of you and me~ (To be concluded.) The Twenty-Third Psalm An American Indian's Version The Great Father above is a Shepherd Chief. I am His and with Him. I want not. He throws out to me a rope, and the name of the rope is love, and He draws me, and He draws me to where the grass is green and the water not .dangerous, and I eat and lie down satisfied.

Sometimes my heart is very weak, and falls down, but He lifts it up again and draws me into a good road. His name is Wonderful.

Some time, it may be very soon, it may be longer, it may be Ii long, long time, He will draw me into a place between mountains. It is dark there, but I'11 draw back not. I'll be afraid not, for it is in there between the mountains that the Shepherd Chief will meet me, and the hunger I have felt in my heart all through this life will be satisfied. Sometimes He makes the love rope into a whip, but afterwards He gives me a staff to lean on.

He spreads a table before me with all kinds of food. He puts His hands upon my head, and all the" tired" is gone.

My cup He tills till it runs over. "That I tell you is true, I lie not. These roads that are" away ahead" will stay with me through this life, and afterward I will go to live in the" Big Tepee, " and sit down with the Shepherd Chief forever.

and Religion in the

The Religi011s .Aspects of the InsWllte on Pacific Relations BY PRO}<'ESSOR F. D. }'LEMlt-;G, PH.D., NEW YORK adventure in friendship for the entire Pacific area was re- cently held in Honolulu, Ha"waii (June 30 to July 15, 1925), called the "Institute on Pacific Relations," when more than a hundred active and about fort.y associate members met together from nine Pacific countries. The groups numbered as follows: Australia, 6; Canada, 6; China, 13; Continental United States, 28; Hawaii, 16; Japan, H) j Korea, 6; New Zealand, 11; Philippines, 3; members at large, 3; total active mombers, 111. The American group included representatives of labor, business, the press, education, political science, religion, and other fields of activity.'" The Institute had its roots at least five years back in a proposal for an international Y. M. C. A. conference. But in time the conception was transformed to the broadest possible basis, unlimited by race, creed, color, or political position, and with the object of promoting an impartial, frank, and thorough research into vital and urgent Pacific questions. Although the Association thus obliterated itself, the Institute was made possible by its quiet, efficient, and international service, and the members were chosen by representative committees gathered through its influence. A wide range of political, economic, social, and cultural questions were considered. Snch topics as the following were discussed: immigration regulations and policies j the industrialization of the Far East; extraterritoriality, cnstoms control, tariff revision and foreign loans in China; treatment of resident aliens in the countries of t~e Pacific; standards of living in the Pacific; Il ational economic • c~ C. Batcheldor, expert on Pacific eommerc.e, former U. S. "'!'l'adf:: Commhvdoner and Com~ mercial Attache. India and ChJna, New York; Dr. George H. Blakeslee, professor of history and international relations, Clark University, Worcester, Massachusetts; F. S, Brockman, associate general secretary of International Committee. Y. M. C. Aq New York; Dr. N. li". Coleman, presi~ dent of Reed C011 ege. Portland, Oregon; F. M. Davenport, membf'r of Congress, professor of law and politics Hamilton College, Clinton, New York; Miss "Mary Dingman. industrial work secre~ tary, Y. W.' c. A. world committee, New YorIr; Charles H. Fahs, librarian, edltor, geographer, New York; Dr. D. J. Fleming, professor of Missions Union Theological Seminary, New York; George Gleason, secretary Y. M. C. A., Los Angeles; Dr. H. H, Gowen, professor Oriental languages and literature, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; Alfrea Holman, editor, San Fran- C18CO Bulletin, San Francisco, CaJifornia ~ Stanley K. Hornbeck, DoltU(',al e(~onomlst and expert on foreign affairs, lecturer on Far East, Harvard; Dr. Paul HutChinson, editor, Chicago; Dr. Jeremiah W. Jenks, political economist, professor o~ government and pubH(' administration, director of Oriental commerce and politics, New York OniYersity, l'cw York Cit.y;' Dr, S. G. Lowrie, professor of political science, University of Cinc;innati. Ohio; H. N. Lynch, vice-president and manager San Francisco Chamber of Commerce, 8R.u Fran('Jisco; Mrs. Parker S. Maddux, political and social worker, San Francisco; Dr. Robert E. Park, .I?rofes~or of sociology, ~niversity. of: Chicago research director Race Relations surve,y on PaCIfIc Coast; Dr. F. Rawlmson, c(lltor Chinese'Recorder and "China Missi.on Year Book"; C. H. R()wel1, editor, writer ani] lecturer, Berkeley. California: Paul Scharrenberg, secretary-treasurer California. State Federation of Labor, San Francisco, California; Dr. Alva W. Taylor, secretary Board of Temperanc(! and Social Welfare, DiscipIes of Christ, Indianapolis, Indiana j Dl',". P. J, ~r('at, professor history, Stan!o:z:d University, Palo Alto, California; Dr. Ray Lymar; 'VIlb.ur, pre~ldent of Leland Stanford Jr. Umversity Palo Alto California; WilHam Allen WhIte, edItor. Emporia, Kansas Ga,'":'ctte; Dr. C. 0.. Wilson: publicist, 'professor of International Law, Harvard, C~mbr!dge, M~ssac~llsetts; Dr. W. W. Wil1oughby, professor of political science, Johns Hopkins TTnr~ersltYt n.dv~sor ChInese government, Baltimore j Dr. Mary E. WoollE'Y. president of Mount Holyoke college, Souto Hadley. Massachusetts.

692 and commercial policies; methods of international cooperation about the Pacific; facts and implications of the present situation in China. .11ost of these questions had their legal, financial, social, psychological, educational, and religious aspects.

Among tIle more specifically rpli~ious topics were: the application of the teachings of Buddha, Confucius, and .Jesus to the problems of interracial and international relations; the function of religion in bringing' about the solution of the problems of the Pacific; the political relations of foreign miRsions; and the foreign missionary as an interpreter between peoples.

The chairman, President Ray Lyman Vilbur, said in his closing address; "One thing that has impressed us all, I think, is that there is a great place for religioll in the study of problems such as we meet when we come together on a common ground to study nations and races."

This judgment very likely came not so much from any obvious and formal part that religion played in the Institute, as from the general temper and spirit which characterized the whole gathering. At the beginning brows were knit and inter-group suspicions were not unknown. Before the two weeks of unselfish effort in the spirit of friendship under a common roof had ended even faces showed that tensions had been relieved. Attitudes, points of view, and determinations had changed. Some came acknowledged pessimists with reference to certain situations and went away with hope. Some who r,ame thinking of millions en masse as "Japanese," or "Chinese," or "American," went away after such vivid and inspiring personal relationships that forever certain problems will be seen against a background of individual Japanese, Chinese, and Americans.

This Institute brought together mell and women of widely vary- . ing thought and experience who gained much from contact and exchange of views. Idealists and those more identified with religion learned better to take into consideration hard facts and the inertia of human nature, to realize that each situation has had a life history and cannot be suddenly changed without reference to this. It is a complex and difficult matter to work out human brotherhood 1Il treaties, laws, and actual practice.

On the other hand, realists may have discovered that they do not actually see the world until they see it in the context of its faiths and aspirations. In no place did this appear more plainly than in the illuminating survey of the history' of the development of cooperation between countries of the Pacific along scientific lines. Confidence in the ability of men to work together is an essential factor for the solution of human problems. Such confidence religion can supply. If practical men are looking for practical steps that may be taken in certain inter-racial problems, they should welcome an informed exposition of those religious forces which may be enlisted

in an effort to make divergent races recognize each other as brotherly members of one human family. All too often in the West there is a tendency to act as if economic forces were the only ones to be considered, when it can be shown that in many cases human emotions are the driving forces of conduct. The Chinese members of the conference explained that the good-will of the Chinese people is more important than the material advantage of the moment gained from retaining unjust treaty rights.

The Institute, for the most part, centered on specific living issues and situations about the Pacific rather than upon abstract or general principles. Those who had convictions about the place their religion can play in establishing human values sat about the conference table along with earnest men and women whose primary contributions would come from other aspects of life's experience and thought. Light on the question was what was wanted, be the contributor economist, publicist, editor, or religionist.

In spite of this free and open field for contribution from religion, it mus! be confessed that the Institute left much to be desired on this side. The inquiry with which the sessions began-as to what the teachings of Buddha, Confucius, and Christ can contribute to the solution of the problems of the Pacific-was dropped almost immediately. In part this was because of the general plan of concentrating on specific issues and situations. But in part, also, it was because most of the various religions about the Pacific did not have those present who were qualified by personal loyalty, depth of experience, and scholarly knowledge of the religion concerned to represent them. Some might say that their religion refuses to submit to this pragmatic test, that it has to do with the life beyond, and that it has little concern with affairs this side the grave. Some might assert that modern Buddhism is largely parochial, lacking international yision, and that it is not now working for international harmony. Prof. M. Anesaki, of the Imperial University, Tokyo, while admitting this, insists that "this does not mean that the Buddha religion has never had or never will have a claim or bearing upon international relationships."

One unusual feature of the Institute was a daily period of meditation held each morning out on a quiet and shaded hillside from which the waters of the Pacific could be seen. For fifteen minutes there was silence preceded only by the reading of some sacred or other inspiring writing. Leaders were chosen from the various religious faiths present, and the readings were from Buddhism, Oonfucianism, modern poets such as Browning, Wordsworth, and Emerson, as well as from the Christian Scriptures. In that fellowship was produced a temper and a spirit which, if they became general, would give an atmosphere in which the most irritating of international difficulties would find readier solution.

A Korean's Own

Mr. Ki1n Evident Help Writes of His Christian Experience TRANSLATED BY ONE WHO KNEW HIM H OW shall I, Kim Evident Help, ever repay the goodness and love of the teacher who has used unstinted effort for me these many years 1 You are our first father-preceptor. As one gently trains and nourishes children you have made disciples of us, receiving us as beginners in the faith and baptizing us. Year after year you have gathered us' into one school, leading us onward with many and m::),rvelous methods of instruction. Truly the hammer that beats out the fine gold of instruction is in the sentence you once gave us, "Do not drive sheep but lead them." For seven or eight years in this cave-on-Mt. Sinai-like retreat I have received from your lips the treasures that came forth after you had, in your own mind and heart, understood the deep spiritual truths of God's word. I am no longer Kim (metal), I am Keum (gold) and through God's tempering I desire to become fine gold.

How can I repay the grace I have received? I am still a child in the faith, what can I do? Though I desired to repay. it with a gift, how could I do so ~ I have nothing. Though I would repay it with mental effort, how could I ~ I forget so easily. With my bodily, strength what could I dof Nothing at all. But I can commit you to God and the Father of our Lord who can give all things abundantly and by prayer in the name of our Lord Jesus I can ensure to you all blessing and prosperity in this world and eternal blessing in the world to come.

You have asked for the story of my life. It is difficult to speak of my own affairs. There has been too much that is unworthy. Do not judge me harshly as you read, nor be all.xious in your heart because of doubts my words may raise. Only pray for me. I, also, desire to trust only the grace of our Lord and so I write, but I must close before I have written all. Time will not suffice. I write as God has given me light. I am now meditating on Matthew 5: 3-11.

BEFORE I WAS A CHRISTIAN My earthly home is in the district of Peaceful Valley. I am the unwcirthy son of Mr. Kim Established Peace, the illustrious scholar. In my early youth with no particular educational advantages I passed my time partly in study and partly in work in the fields. When I reached the age of twenty-four great disaster befell my house. My wife died of typhus, the water-spirit disease, leaving two little girls aged five and one respectively, and only seventeen days later my mother also departed this world leaving me with two little sisters, fi95

aged ten and one. Typhus is a contagious disease and others would llOt come near me. For three months I saw no one but these four gmall children. We lived in a lonely countryside. In those days there was no such thing as sugar milk in tins for motherless babes. In summer and winter, through sweltering nights and shivering days in my poverty-stricken house I cared for these children with my own hands. Nearly a year I spent with weeping infants beside me in indescribable filth. How could a man care for them properly7 In all this time there was not one who visited me with so much as a bowl of water to help me. Certain ones did come from time to time making pretense of assistance and having first well filled their own stomachs came with empty words of comfort, but what did that avail1 In less than a year all the children were dead. One after another they died and I buried them with my own hands in shallow graves upon the mountain side. And all the while the typhus in my own body made me ill. By our Korean custom a man may not marry within three years after one of his parents dies and so for three years I lived alone making my clothes and food with my own hands. So evil a life it was, I cannot tell about it all. And in that time I was beset with temptations and fell into deadly sin. Hut after the three years I married again and having secured an excellent wife I was comforted. Yet the seeds of disease remained in me and I had malaria for three years and moreover there were internal abscesses for four months from which I nearly died. Children were born to us but they died from time to time as soon as they were born until in bitterness of mind, because she was not a son, I called my one remaining daughter "Wretched Puppy," though in these days, since we became Christians, we have changed her name to "One IJove."

At loss what to do for a livelihood I thought for a time of being a doctor and studied the uses and meaning of drugs and roots and herbs for some months. But in Korea we think that all things are regulated by geomancy and so, fool that I was, for three years I studied the laws of the wind and the water spirits and indicated auspicious grave sites on the mountains for a price and in my avariciousness even caused ancestral graves to be moved and disturbed, representing to the families that the sites were not favorable and indicating others for large money. At that time a daughter of my first wife died. She was the wife of Elder Plum, and in great distress of mind I then heard the Gospel for the first time for the elder was a believer and my daughter was buried according to the Christian custom with Scripture readings and exhortation and the singing of hymns. For ten years I had served the seven stars, the spirits of heaven and earth, I had worshipped the Herdsman star in the constellation of Aquila on the 7th night of the 7th moon and kept the fifteenth day of the first month …

1925J A KORE,AN'S OWN STORY

I BECOME A CHRISTIAN These were the circumstances. Mr. White Harvest, the seller of Christian books, came to the house of Mr. Brilliant Jade where I was staying and explained the Gospel. I heard from him that Jesus believers had no traffic with spirits or idols, nor did they pay attention to the disposition of wind and water spirits (which the Chinese call feng-shui but we call poongsoo) nor do they use fortune-telling nor observe lucky and unlucky days. I heard the testimony from many other believers also and 1" said to myself, "If this is not a proper doctrine, can it ever prosper'" Yet we Koreans have a custom of repeating a spirit charm when we have an evil dream or are confronted with some untoward circumstance. We say, "Sa pool pum chung," which means, "Evil cannot harm the upright." This I repeated seven or eight times in the presence of these friends to avert the ill omen of this new doctrine, so foolish was I, and blind. They urged me to buy Christian books and read and when I would have replied to their exhortation with stubborn argument, they themselves bought and gave me the Christian books and I began to read and from that very time my father began to put obstacles in my way. I was ashamed and fearful because of my sins. I was afraid also lest I become a criminal in the eyes of the civil law by taking up a new religion. There were no pocket Testaments in those days so I must needs hide my large Testament in my bosom and read it betimes without my father's knowledge. I read it in moments of rest from my work about the farm. I read it when I was treading the rice huller with my foot on the lever-beam and my eyes on the Scripture. I read it when taking the ox out to graze on the hillside. So intently did I read, indeed, that only when I heard the warning shouts of other men did I look up to see that the ox had wandered into the standing grain and was eating it wastefully. So I lengthened his tether and tied it more firmly to the stake and … continued to read.

I SUFFER PERSECUTION My father attempted to prevent me from becoming a believer in many ways again and again. Upon a day he sharpened his sickle alid locking himself tightly in his room he said, II Be a Jesus believer if you will. I will starve myself to death!" Beg though we might, not for a moment would he open the door. vVas I not in an evil plight and dilemma ~ If I said I would not believe in Jesus it would be a sin against God. If I persisted in being a bBliever my father would surely die of self-starvation. And if he died how could I any longer live 1 What could I do ~ There was nothing else to do. I said, "Well, then, I will starve myself too for my father's sake." So I began to fast. On the next day I suddenly remembered the four idols which were worshipped in our house. I arose and burned them with fire and again lay down to die and my mind was at peace. But on

the morning of the third day of my fast the thought came into my mind that I ought not to allow my father to die so, that I ought frequently to go and remonstrate with him and urge him to take food again. So I went before his door and besought him to open it. "Will you go no more to the Jesus church 7" he asked and I answered equivocally, "Punish me if I do." He said, "If you will go no more to them, I will get up and eat," and forthwith he opened the door. Father and son, we called for food tables, together, and sat down to eat but our throats were tense with emotion and hot withal and we could not eat and our tears fell together and watered our food till it swam with tears. Then when we had wept together our throats were loosened and behold, we could eat. And so it was on the first following Lord's Day also. But my father missed his idols and he was white with rage and fear and again he persecuted me and beat me with the little wooden table from which we eat our food. Then my wife urged me to leave home for awhile until my father should grow calmer and less violent. So I left home, intending in a few days to return, and my wife made up a little bundle of things for me and came with me to the river side about two miles away and there we wept much together and parted. So I came over the mountains seventy-nve miles to the city of Great Hill to the house of Deacon Plum, he that once had been a leper but by the grace of God the disease was stayed. And I attended church in the schoolroom without walls which was then used as a church and I heard a missionary preach from the words, "If any man love father or mother more than me he is not worthy of me." They were the words of our Lord and the preacher said we might have to leave our pa,rents for Jesus' sake, but my Korean friends said, "You cannot do so. It is not Korean custom. " Yet after many days it came about as the missionary had said. At that time I first met you, and learned that you were called the pastor of our district and I was comforted by your sympathy.

Then I went back to my father but though I exhorted him and prayed for him he would not believe in Jesus. -Wherefore I thought within my mind, "Did I not really deceive my father that time when I imitated his fasting haIf-heartedly and made equivocal words to him T" So I made no words to anyone but I went to an empty house and for three days I fasted in secret again. And after a little my father's heart was touched and little by little in one way and another. he thought favorably of the Doctrine. Never would he admit that he accepted it but he spoke of it with favor to others, yea, even urging them to become believers and he showed love to the Christian brethren. I would not leave him alone but accompanied him wherever he went, to win his heart and once when he was at the home of my younger brother he said to me, "You ought to be with your family instead of remaining here with me. " So he sent me back to the city of Peaceful Valley where my family was but he himself remained

A KOREAN"S OWN STORY

with my younger brother because he had a concubine there and her son also. But though he would not be persuaded to be a Christian indeed and put away his secondary wife, my bosom swells and I cannot control my emotion when I recall his loving thought for us and the falling of his tears. When I visited him he would spread mats and say, "Have your worship here," encouraging me to pray also. He seemed to be fast becoming a Christian but, alas! for the things that were done on that day when you came to a neighboring village and, desiring to make it easy for my father to learn the doctrine and believe, sent a horse and groom for my father to bring him thither for a conference. He might have become a Christian but for the fact that there was an evil enemy among his cronies.

A malignant enemy he was, who followed along procuring barley wine for my father to drink by the wayside, and working subtly upon his mind in this way and in that prevented him from believing and took him away from us. Oh I an evil enemy indeed that old man of my kindred was, an evil enemy.

I BEGIN TO ·WORK I have passed lightly over the time in which I was away from home because of the early persecution. At that time a Christian brother whose name was Kim Holy Three, knowing of my persecution and distresses, took me to the village of Seven Valleys and every night I went to the church to pray. Many temptations I had in prayer; and in grief and sorrow for my sins and under conviction and compulsion I confessed them there publicly to my shame and disgrace.

r became a teacher of our language to a missionary newly come from America. Alas that I was away when he was stricken with the fever disease and departed from the world but when r returned and heard from his wife that among his last words he had said that he loved me, his teacher, r was touched and sorrowful beyond words. And afterwards r became teacher to another missionary newly come until such a time as he for some reason unknown to me, returned to America. Then there arose in my mind the tormenting thought that it was because of my unworthiness perhaps that one who had so loved me had died and one had left our land, and though I was thereafter called to take up the work of an evangelist in the years which followed, the thought would not leave me. I learned in after years that the wife of this missionary who had returned to his native land was ill with an evil disease of which she died in a hospital. As her last act she sent me a card with a picture of the hospital upon it and writing in her language and those who could read the Western writing said that she too said that she loved me. So I was grieved again by death but comforted with love.

It was my custom when starling out to visit the churches under

my care to bid him a respectful farewell and go. There came the day when for the last time I heard him say, "Return in peace of mind and body!"

I remained away for a month on that trip and I had planned on my returning way to stop at a church only nine miles from my home and spend three days there in pastoral work but the desire to see my father again pressed upon my mind like hot coals, so much did I love him, so I hastened on and I reached home long after the night had fallen. Then I learned that for eight days he had lain as one dead and only that day had he roused himself to say, "My boy comes home today." At that very moment I passed across the threshold to greet him but not even that one night did he linger for my ministration and exhortation. Before the dawn light.ened the East he had passed beyond and I heard from him no reassuring word that he was saved. For this have I not sorrow in my heart unceasingly until this very day~ DURING THE INDEPBNDENCE lfOVEMENT For s.everal years I continued as an evangelist in charge of churches and my interest grew with the progress of the work. In the meanwhile another evangelist had had the advantage of going through the Theological Seminary and because he had received ordination and become a pastor he superseded me in the work. And this thing too was a grief to me that another should take over my work but in my inmost heart I was glad and thankful that it could be so and that one more fitted for the work than I could take it up.

And then came the "Man-sey" year. "Man-sey" means "ten thousand ages." In your language you Ray" Hurrah" and we used this word to shout "Hurrah for independent Korea!" what time we heard that the independence of our country had been announced by those who had the matter in hand. There was no evil in our thought, only a'thrill brought by the word" independent" and with the others I, too, shouted" Man-sey." Therefore because of the shouting and of the tumult which followed I also became acquainted with prisons. This was the manner of it.

Many church workers and leaders had been imprisoned but I was yet at liberty and I thought to visit certain country churches which were bereft of leaders and spend a Lord's Day there. I had gone less than five miles when one overtook me, coming swiftly after me from the city and saying it would be better to remain at home. So I went back with him but I thought to myself that it would not be right to do nothing at all so I, too, shouted, "Man-sey."

Then the police and soldiers seized me and took me away for examination and they said, "Who told you to do thus and so~" thinking by my answers to fasten upon the missionaries the blame for the independence movement. But I answered truthfully, "No one." Then they said, ""Vith whom did you consult before you shouted

A KOREAN '8 OWN STORY

Man-sey~" And to this I answered, "With whom does a rooster consult when he wishes to crow ~"

Yet as it matter of fact there were three reasons why I shouted "Hurrah!" 1. The pastor and elders of my church had been imprisoned without cause. 2. I had a mind to go under arrest and have fellowship with their sufferings. 3. I wished that my country might be free if that were possible by the will of God. These answers were given to those who questioned me aud they were printed also in the papers following my examination.

When I was removed from the prison at — to the prison in the Capital, in response to questioning I made the following replies which were recorded in the prison books.

1. To the question, "What have you to say in regard to your sentence" Y I replied, "The sins which I have committed in the fifty-one years of my life could not nearly be atoned for by even fifty-one years of hard labor. Therefor my first thought is that only one year at hard labor is light punishment for such shameful sins especially when I earn a glorious name (of patriot.-Ed.) thereby."

2. They asked me what I thought of the majesty of the law and I replied that I had studied and pondered and learned the solemn words of the law of God but that now for the first time through many police examinations, through my shackles, in the midst of lamentations of fellow prisoners and by the anguish of sympathy with their suffering, I had learned the meaning of law experimentally in my own body.

3. They asked me why my people were doing such ungrateful things in spite of all the material improvements which Japan had made in the country and whether I had not been impressed by these improvements. I replied that I did not know all the inner meaning of the independence movement but that I was much impressed by the railways, the highways, the prison equipment (Italics ours.-Ed.) and the laws and rules of government.

4. They asked me what I thought about Korean independence. I replied that my idea was that if independence were sought in a selfish spirit it were an evil thing but not if it were desired in order that the business of the kingdom of heaven might prosper.

5. They asked me what, in my opinion, should be the relation between Koreans and Japanese. I replied, "In matters of education and agriculture and industry and commerce our relation should be that of parents and children and in any other matters one of brothers and sisters."

For a year in prison every day at a fixed hour we prayed, whereever we were and for this we were excessively abused and persecuted. Moreover at a time when it was exceedingly difficult to secure a copy of the Scripture, through the kindness of Pastor —, who secured permission to interview the prisoners and learn their wants, I obtained a large-print Bible which I could read without glasses and many of us read a little each evening but the time for reading was aggravatingly short. I had had no theological training and had long wished for an opportunity to study the Scriptures, especially the book of Romans, so every morning just before we were taken to our tasks I quickly read one verse and fastened it in my mind, reciting it

over and over again in the workroom all day long as I worked at weaving nets and paper hats. Thus I meditated over it and learned it little by little until after eight months I could recite fi'om the first through the fifteenth chapter and then at night when others were in distress because they could not sleep I could think through my fifteen chapters in one way and another and who can measure the boundless joy and glory it was to me1 Because I was so occupied with my Scriptures I seemed to become an especially hateful person in the eyes of those who were over me. Before I could recite through the sixteenth chapter of this lovely Epistle to the Romans we heard rumors of impending release and this was an anxiety to me because I was afraid that we might be released before I had time to learn it all! But as it turned out we remained two months longer and I did learn it all and I lived Romans day and night and finally when I went out from the prison I thought to myself, "This is my treasure. Daily I will recite it to myself and to my children also." But alas for our frailty! After my release it was not so because I am old and forget so readily. I could not recite it all and only the footprints of divine grace remained in my mind.

My BIBLE INSTITUTE EXPERIENCE The day of all my life which seemed to me most blessed was when at the age of forty-one my son was born. But when six years later I lost him, I did my church work sick at heart and each time on my return from making a circuit of the churches I visited his grave and wept. I did this until once God rebuked me there with thoughts which came into my mind for I said to myself, "Vile wretch! Your son died because of your sin, and disease inherited from you but God's own Son, Jesus, without sin or disease, endured for you on the cross infinite agony pouring out blood and sweat and crying out 'Eli, Eli, lama sabachthani.' He died there for your sin. What was the suffering of God Who saw His only Begotten Son dying there so¥" Immediately I prayed in confession and thanksgiving and from that time until now I have never visited the grave. I had learned the inner meaning of "God so loved the world tha.t He gave His only begotten Son."

Some of my temptations were ridiculous as I think of them now. Seven or eight years ago at a Bible Conference all the evangelists and elders had each one subject to teach and it was so announced on the hour-card pasted up on the notice board on the wall. But my! name was omitted and the people from my district noticed it and I was ashamed before them and that year I studied the Scriptures at the conference in much confusion of mind and I made confession to the pastor, saying, "This has been a grievous trial to me but I see that the principle is true that whatsoever a man soweth that shall he also reap." Again at the conference the next year when everyone

of the officers had one or two subjects to teach and were so posted on the hour-card, my name was not there. But I only praised God, for I had learned,my lesson of humility.

This year the district which I served as evangelist called its own pastor and I was chosen elder in my own church and served in that office. I desired to study again at the Bible Institute but I had no funds and my mind was disturbed. And it fell out that while I was so disturbed at that very time I received a request from the pastor to take charge of the Sunday service and preach. I preached, but because I preached from a mind that was not at peace I said things which I should not have said and I made the minds of my hearers heavy. This was a temptation and a sin. I have repented since, and I have studied at the Bible Institute with all my strength. I have received great blessing and by the grace of God have finished one course and become a graduate. One word of the instruction I received in this Institute I have not forgotten. It has stirred my zeal. In the first year of my studies here in reviewing the life of Duff, a missionary to India, you quoted his words, "Until now we have only been playing at missions. " It was a great incentive to me.

I have finished all my words. I have spoken at your request but I think that it is all a useless and profitless sound. Yet I see in my experience seven things as I have reviewed it here. I see the leading of the Spirit; the temptations of the devil. I see God looking after me in the wilderness. I see the valley of the shadow of my own anxieties. I see the all-sufficient grace of our Lord and the love of God in sending ministering angels. I see that the grace which I have received of Him has been mysterious and beyond all bounds.

Peace be unto you in the Lord, Kim Evident Help bows respectfully.

SOME QUESTIONS FROM: KOREAN STUDENTS Many will be interested in questions from Korean students that give insight into what some Christian students are thinking.

1. If God ereated us, then who created God' 2. What do you mean when you call J eaus the Son of God f 3. Do the ideas of Jesus agree with war' 4. What is Christian socialism' 5. Was not the lifting up of Moses' rod before the people idol worship' 6. Would Jesus have been crucified, if according to God's will, Judas had not betrayed Him 1 7. What proof is there for the virgin birth' 8. Is Christianity necessary if socialism be realized' 9. Is it necessary for one of true aetions and life to be a church-member, even though he does not attend a chureh 7 10. Please explain the real proofs for the truth of the Old Testament. 11. Who created the devil' 12. With Korea's conditions as they are now, is there not some other cause for divorce than adultery' 13. How can I explain heaven and hell distinctly so as to remove all doubt' 14. What are the best ways to explain the miracles of Jesus to an unbeliever'

t BBST

=e L ~"wu : _au aca aua aac EDITED BY MRS. E. C. CRONK, 721 ;fUHLENBURG BLDG., PHILADEI.PHIA, P..

MISSIONARY GUESTS IN OUR many stories that lend themselves to OHUROHES effective monologue presentation.

The people of various nations and Recently a Christian professor from races may be presented to congrega- a college in India came to America. tions, Sunday-schools, missionary so- His experience might be presented to cieties and 0 the r organizations a Sunday-school by a monologue on through a earefully planned Guest this order: Program. ,'All my life I had dreamed of Some churches are located where America. In my own life I had never they may haye gllllsts from various known the worship of idols. My falands. In cities in which there are ther was a Christian minister and my eolleges and universities, the Sunday- grandfather and my mother were school may invite a foreign student or Christians also. Tn my boyhood there a group of students on Sunday. Five came to me an offer of government or ten minutes of the assembly period service. Some of my friends counmay be given to introducing the stu- selled me to accept it. To them it dents and hearing a brief message seemed to hold promise of rapid adfrom them. Care must be taken in vancement to a brilliant future. I observing time limits. Members of counselled with my Master and I the school should be invited to meet heard Him speak to me and the voice the students after the service. Per- of my own soul spoke, that above all mission for a dinner invitation should else for me, was the call to preach the be arranged. Even in communities true ftospel. It was not easy to get whcre there is no college or univer- my education, but I had great joy in sity, representatives of other lands my work and at last my course was may be found in various callings, who finished and I was called to a profeswill be glad to speak for a few mo- sorship in a Christian college. Then ments of the land from which they I married a lovely Christian girl of come, and of their impressions of India. America. "About three months later an op- Monologues portunity came for me to come to America for further study. It was Another plan is to have a series of hard to leave my wife, my home, my short monologues given by members college, my friends, my own land, but of the school or society, in costqme, my wife agreed that such an oppor- one monologue being given at each tunity must not be cast aside. Amer- meeting. The literature headquarters ica .was the land of my dreams. By of the various denominational Boards way of America my Christ had come have monologues printed in leaflet to me. In India only a few among form. Additional material may be the millions were Christians. America prepared by each church for its own was a Christian land. I must study use. The careful study necessary for there. the preparation of a monologue that "With many heartaches but with is really accurate is a valuable factor eager joy in my heart I sailed for in missionary education. There are America. In ecstasy I gazed at the 704

1925'J BEST METHODS

glorious Statue of Liberty as we come to know the America which is neared the shore. My instructions the land of their dreams."

from the American Mission Board On another day the monologue of were to comc to Board Headquarters. a bride of India or a bride of Japan* A furloughed missionary of the Board may be given. From the textbooks met me and proposed that we should on South America and Mexico other first gct our lunch. I longed to talk monologues may be arranged. An with my friend, and looked around orphan of the Near East, a child from eagerly at the hurrying throng on the a Japanese kindergarten, a student streets. In some quiet place we would from Vellore Medical School or from sit down together to eat and to talk. some other Union Christian College He entered a door and I followed. of the Orient may be introduced into " 'Get out of here,' shouted one the series of monologues.

of the waiters at me. 'No "niggers" A missionary guest introduced in can eat here.' this way each Sunday for several "I drew back in astonishment. I months will make possible the effec- did not understand. My companion tive presentation of various phases tried to explain. llnd fields of work.

"'My friend is from India,' he Furloughed Missionaries said. 'He is a professor in a college.'

"The waiter shook his head as he "No missionaries ever come our continued to bar the door. way," complained one superintend- " , We will go elsewhere,' said my ent.

friend qruetly. "There is such a thing as arranging " At another eating place we had a to have missionaries and missionary similar experience, and again at a .leaders sent your way," suggested anthird. Then my friend stopped at other superintendent. "When we bea store and bought bread and fruit gin to make our plans for the year saying, 'We will go back to the Board we write to Board Headquarters and Rooms to lunch.' ask for as many missionary visitors as we can have during the year. Then "There we sat down together and I we trv to make their visit worth while. ate my first meal in America, the land We s~e that they are met and well of my dreams. cared for and give them a good chance to rest. When they speak to , 'I did not understand then. I do our Sunday-school and congregation not understand now, hut the loneli- we line up our people solidly behind ness is passing away. The long days them in their work. Usually there in a rooming housc were hard at first. are a number of large gifts from in- I longed to enter a Christian home, to dividuals as a result of such visits, in meet Christian people. Gradually I addition to a general increase of inhave learned to know a few. After terest and contributions. We are almany months I was invited to be a ways on the lookout for a chance to guest in one Christian home and then have as a guest a missionary, or any in another. I was asked to speak in one who has visited our mission some of the churches and there I found the real America of my dreams, fields. " and the real America .has been kind to me and now I feel at home with Pictures you. As I stand here in answer to In certain Sunday-schools and the invitation of you who are the real churches the plan of having a mis- America, there is in my heart a long- sionary guest for a day or a month is ing that you and I may understand carried out by having a picture frame the feelings of those newcomers who with a hinged back placed in a promarrive day by day, some of whom are inent position. 'rhe committee in not so fortunate as I, for, while they • Literature Headquarters. 723 Muhlenberg Building, Philadelphia, Pa. Price 3 cents each. live in this great land, they never 4

charge place a picture in the frame to send the books on to the next point each Sunday as someone introduces according to instructions. the guest by telling some of the interesting items about his work. Some- Each auxiliary was allowed to keep times different members take part in the books for three months, but as such an introduction, each telling an the number increased the library was incident. The picture may remain divided and sent out in sections. until a new gue~t is welcomed at some later meeting. The hinges on the back The report for the first year shows simplify the matter of changing pic- a total of 446 books read as follows: tures. J'apan on the Upward Trail ………. 20 'rhere are many other plans for The White Queen of Okoyong …….. 28 varying the presentation of guests. The Crusade of Compassion ……… 15 At one meeting a representative of The Alaskan Pathfinder _………… 17 the children's missionary society may Wayside Sowing … , …………. _.. 32 come with a message. At another Ann of Ava .. _…………….. _. .. 22 time a member of the young people's Uganda's White Man of Work…… 12 society may be a special guest at the Woman and the Leaven in Japan _… 13 meeting of some other organization The Moffats ………. _….. _. . . . . .. 25 to tell a missionary story. Bishop Hannington …………….. 13 Blackbearded Barbarian …………. 22 Be on the loo~out for interesting Livingstone the Pathfinder ………. 2,6 possibilities· in missionary guests. A Gentleman in Prison ………….. 2,5 Book of Missionary Heroes ……… 14 CIRCULATING MISSIONARY Missionary Readings ……………. 15 Chinese Diamonds ……………… 15 BOOKS How I Know God Answers Prayer… 31 Ancient Peoples At New Tasks . _… 3 The Library Committee of the World Friendship, Inc. …………. 5 Canada Branch of the Evangelical Frank Higgins, Trail Blazer ……… 7 Church has been especially successful China's Real Revolution …………. 6 not only in getting missionary books A Noble Army _. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 51 into its library but also in getting Love Stories of Great Missionaries…. 29 them out of the library into the homes of its members. One year ago this 446 committee began its work with an appropriation of only $10.00. Individ- Comments received from various ual gifts of interested friends in- churches are an indication of the increased the fund to an amount suffi- terest aroused: cient to purchase twenty-four books_ 'fhe committee was instructed to se- RODNEY: "We would be pleased to get lect missionary books that were more books. They were liked by all who read them. Every ODe spoke of the 'Book 1. Interesting and readable. of Missionary Heroes' as being extra good. 2. Instructive and full of reliable 'Livingstone, the Pathfinder,' also was fine."

information. ELMWOOD: '" Ann of AYa,' and 'Mis- sionary Readings,' are wonderful.' " In each book purchased a pocket was pasted, containing a card on MILVER.TON: '" The Moffats,' 'Blackwhich the name of each reader was bearded Barbarian,' and 'How I Know God to be written. Answers Prayer,' were enjoyed by all who read them." A letter was sent to the borrowing auxiliary as the books were mailed; Er,MIRA: "The ladies seem to like 'The also a copy of the full list of books White Queen of Okoyong' best, and then available and the rules and instruc- , The Alaskan Pathfinder' and ' A Noble tions to be observed. A card for re- Army.' They seem to be just getting interport was included. ested. This was something new for them. When one reads a book she tells others There was no charge for the books, about it and they want to read it too." the only expense to the auxiliary being the amount of postage required After the second reading campaign Elmira reports: "The little book entitled 'How I Know God Answers Prayer' is a wonderful little book. I am sure onr ladies enj oyed reading the books yery much."

CREDITON: "Thank you very much for books loaned to us. I enjoyed them very mueb and read them all, and some twice."

CHESLEY: '" Love Stories of Great Mi.- sionaries,' . Chinese Diamonds' and 'Frank Higgins, Trail Blazer,' were marked with

19251J BEs'r METHODS

this notation, "rhess three books met with Classes and teachers may come for a the greatest favor.' " Sunday to study some particular THE SUNDAY SCHOOL EDITION phase or field of missions in this room One Sunday-school varied its mis- where special helps are available. By sionary program by presenting a spe- fitting up such a room and keeping it cial editiol! of its local newspaper. A up today some earnest worker may frame about 6×8 feet covered with a help to bring a real missionary messheet represented the page of the sage to an entire Sunday-schooL The paper. A boy or a girl stood in place plan is simple, inexpensive, workable. for each column and spoke the news 'l'ry it in your church.

of that column. WHEN YOU STUDY MEXICO On one day the first column told of Many of the churches will be havthe splendid experience of one church ing mission study classes on Mexico in stewardship j the second gave a during the year. You may increase short, pithy paragraph oil the mean- the interest by inviting the children ing of consecration; the third re- of the congregation to a pinata. lated a missionary story j the fourth and fifth represented cartoons in During the Blue Ridge Conference which one being dressed as a boy from of the Missionary Education Move- the coal mines told of his life under ment, the class in Missionary Educa- the earth, while, beside him stood an- tion of Boys and Girls gave a demon- other boy costumed as a protesting stration party to the boys and girls bag of missionary money which was on the conference grounds. Miss to be spent on a non-missionary pro- Norwood E. Wynn, missionary to ject. Mexico from the Methodist Episcopal Headlines may be printed and Church, South, a member of the class, placed above the heads of the col- was in charge. As many paper bags umns, and two frames may be used as there were guests were prepared.

instead of one, thus displaying four The bags were filled with sweetmeats, pages of a newspaper. nuts and fruit, and hung high on a rope above the children's heads. A MISSIONS ROOM FOR EVERY Clustered around them were tissue SUNDAY SCHOOL paper cut-outs and fringes of attrac- By EDWARD H. SMITH, Fooehow, China tive colors and designs. The eager Everyone knows how difficult and guests arrived, full of curiosity to often ineffective is the work of the know what a pinata was. They heard substitute teacher in the Sunday- some interesting stories about the school. boys and girls of Mexico. Then they were blindfolded and given a stick One way of meeting the absentee with which they tried to hit the paper bags. There were many happy shouts teacher situation is to have a Missions of laughter as one guest after the other had a try. Then the rope was Room, fitted up by missionary lead- lowered and as the paper bags were ers, with maps, pictures, charts, curios broken, the goodies flew out in all diand other objects of missionary edu- rections and there was a joyful cation and interest. You will likely scrambling for them. Shouts of be surprised when you begin to make laughter could be heard all over the your collection to find how many conference grounds and many interthings are available. A room made ested spectators gathered to enjoy the attractive by flags and pictures makes fun. Of course they too learned more boys and girls eager to see what is behind it all.

Each Sunday one or more classes about. Mexico incidentally. Such an may have a lesson in the Missions occasion furnishes an opportunity for Room. If a teacher is sick the class telling missionary stories, displaying may come for a number of Sundays. pictures of Mexico and of missionaries

and their work, with many other leaves of green. There was a small features that are educational as well Buddhist temple and a cherry tree as entertaining. In a real Mexican garden with mirror lakes. Cherry pinata the goodies are placed in an trees were made by cutting the earthenware crock which is to be branches of growing trees, stripping broken by the stick but paper bags them of leaves, and pasting paper make a very good substitute. blossoms on the bare branches. At each station pictures of the mission· Invitations for such an affair may aries working there and of various be written or printed on a cut-out de- features of the work were shown. sign of a Mexican sombrero. In addition to the goodies of the pinata AFTER SEVEN YEARS champurada may be served. It is made from ground corn and water, By MRS. JOHN BRATTON flavored with cinnamon and sugar and cocoa. President of Woman's Auxiliary of the Synod of Virginia A JAPANESE TEA PARTY A.bout seven years ago the leaders In past days if girls were in busi- of the Woman's Auxiliary in the ness they were not in the Missionary Presbyterian Church in the United Society. Now hundreds of societies States realized that some of the womhave their Business Women's Divi- en of the chu,rches were interested in sion. The active Business Girls' Cir- one cause and some in another but cle of the' First Christian Church of that only a small number were inter- Chattanooga, Tenn., recently gave a ested in all of the causes and intelli- .Japanese Tea Party which combined gent concerning them. After thought valuable educational features with and prayer and consultation, the delightful social opportunities. Auxiliary Circle Plan was inaugu- rated. It has now been i1~ operation In order that the members may about seven years. come directly to the meetings, supper is always served before the regular Mrs. John Bratton, President of the meetings of this circle. At the time Woman's Auxiliary of the Synod of set for a program on Japan, the usual Virginia, tells so'mething of the plan supper gave place to a special Japa- and the results following its adoption. nese tea. All the members of the circle wore Japanese costumes and wel- There is a common old saying to comed the guests. At an artistically the effect that" The proof of the puddecorated table ,Japanese tea was ding is in the eating." If this is true, served in Japanese cups. as all housekeepers are ready to tes- . tify, practically all of the churches The meeting was held in the large of our denomination have proved that Sunday-school room. At the end of the Auxiliary Circle Plan is the very the room appeared in large yellow best plan of all, for practically all of letters, "The Land of the Rising them have adopted it in their organi- Sun. " The lights were shaded in zation for women. yellow. For weeks in advance the girls made Japanese decorations, In the feminine phraseology of the which transformed the room. cook book it might be stated in this way: Each mission station of the denomination in Japan was represented. A INGREDIENTs.-Every woman and rice field was reproduced in minia- girl in the church. ]<~irst, break up all ture. Green crepe paper, cut and existing organizations into individual fringed, made the growing rice, with bits. To this add every other woman tiny Japanese dolls representing the and girl in the congregation. Mix workers. thoroughly and divide into groups. Use sufficient prayer and Bible study 'fhere were palm trees with trunks to permeate every individual. Season covered with brown crepe paper, and to taste with mission study and the study of the benevolent causes of the

BEST METHODS

church. Sweeten with a sauce of a hile who is willing to use her car for the social meeting now and then. Serve Lord'8 work. at least twice a month, first as a whole and then in groups. Whatever you 5. Someone who is especially interested in do, don't let it get cold. Keep hot nIissionary litel'ature and mission stUdy. with continued interest in order to get the best results. Satisfied users 6. A woman who has a home large enough are the bel;lt advertisement of this to entertain social meetings. recipe. This is literally what we have done and what we are doing in the 7. A woman who has domestic gifts and Auxiliary Circle Plan in the South- who WIll serve as chairnIan of a committee ern Presbyterian Church. for luncheons and social affairs.

THE AIM.-In formulating a plan At first there may not be enough the aim was "A II the women of the women of these types to go around, church studying, working, praying but as leadership develops, women of for all the causes of the church." varying gifts will be discovered.

METHOD OF PROCEDURE.-First: All The annual shifting or changing existing organizations are disbanded. the circle membership is one of the Every woman or girl in the church is best features of the plan, since it preenrolled as a member of the Auxiliary vents cliques, fosters more general by virtue of her church membership. acquaintance, and gives opportunity The second step is the division of a for the development of initiative. the membership into circles. All the circles are made as nearly equal as This change is usually made by possible in spiritual, financial, and committee of the outgoing and incomsocial gifts, and each circle has its own ing officers. chairman. In forming the circles the exceptional members are first selected OFFICERs.-The general officers conand placed in groups to which it is sist of a President, Vice-President, evident they belong-high school girls, Secretary and Treasurer, with the business women, 8hut-in members and secretaries of the benevolent causes others. The remaining names are di- of the church whose duty it is to provided into gronps such as: a. Aetive; mote interest in the causes they repreb. Medium; c. Indifferent. sent.

The names of these workers are MEETINGs.-One day of each week written on slips of paper. Each group is named as Church D~y. On Church being put into a separate basket, the Day of the first week there is an circle chairmen draw from each Executiye Board or Committee meetbasket in turn. This method assures ing. During the second week the full each chairman a circle of average Auxiliary holds a business meeting. a.bility. Usually after the first year The third week each circle holds a the ehairmen of circles give to the meeting of its own and on the fourth president a confidential list of the Church Day of the month the Auxilmembers of their circles with not only iary holds a program meeting and a, b, and c, written opposite the social hour. Many auxiliaries combine names, but if an~' member has shown the auxiliary business and program decided ability along any line a note meetings, since the business, having is made of that fact. We try as far been thoroughly discussed at the as possible to have in each circle thc meeting of the Executive Board, will take only a few minuteI'!. My own following: Auxiliary also changes the order of Church Day, having first, Executive 1. A spiritually minded woman who is a Board, then Circle and then Auxil- Bihle student. iary. In this way matters of great importance are first discussed at the 2. A tither. Board meeting. and then taken by the 3. A liberal giver who has means. chairmen of circles to their circle 4. A ,,"('mall with 3. consecrated automo· meetings, thoroughly discussed there, and finally voted on at the Auxiliary meeting. In this case that fourth Church Day may be used for mission

study, Bible study, some special sew- AllXilia~y member· 1918 1924 ing for the orphans, town nurses, ship . . . . . . . . . White Cross, or other work. 46,788 103,045 Total gifts ….. $433,601 $1,4]2,608 PROGRAMs.-There are always mis- Amount per capita $9 $14 sionary or allied programs at the 21,196 Auxiliary meetings. All the benevo- No tithers …… None reported 2,312 Bible Study lent causes are studied. Special Classes ……. None reported ~mphasis is placed on systematic Bible study and each Auxiliary is expected l"oreign Mission to have at least two mission study classes each year, one on home mis- Study Classes. . 622 2,345 sions and one on foreign missions. 2,274 Home Mission Each circle is a law unto itself in so far as programs are concerned. The Study Classes.. 567 General Auxiliary publishes a sug- Other results are as follows: gestive Year Book of Programs for 1. It is putting responsibility upon both auxiliary and circle meetings. the individual member instead of up- on the general officers. . FINANCEs.-The budget, after hav- 2. It is increasing our sense of ing been adopted by the Aux~liary, stewardship, not only of money, but is apportioned among the CIrcles. of all that we are and possess. Voluntary pledges are made by the 3. It is teaching us, not only the individual members to meet the importance and efficacy of prayer, amount called for. Three special of- but bow to pray. ferings are made during the ~e~r­ 4. It is teaching 11S to do less readthe thank-offering for Home MISSIOns ing and more studying of our Bibles. in November, the self-denial offering 5. It is proving to us the imporfor Foreign Missions in February, tance of being vitally interested in and the birthday offering in May Ollr church and its work, and informed which goes first to one benevolent as to its needs and achievements. cause and then to another. We be- 6. It is deyeloping leadership-exlieve that by educating our members in stewardship and in the needs of ecutive leaders, prayer leaders, Bible the church both their hearts and their and mission study leaders, program purse strings will be opened. leaders.

7. It is showing us that there is a place for every woman in the church in its service; that God is asking of each of us the same question He asked Moses, "What is that in thy hand 1" REsULTs.-The following table of -time, business ability, personality, comparisons give results that show onportunity for intercession, a home, far better than any words what the an automobile-all may be used in plan has done: His service.

THE MISSIONARY'S PLEA Will you not pray for us 1 Each day we need Your prayers, f€lr oft the way is rough and long, And our lips falter and forget their song, As we proclaim the Word men will not heed.

Pray for us! We are but vessels frail; The world's appalling need would crush us down, Save that in vision we behold the crown, Upon His brow who shall at length prevail!

Not yet the crowning! Fields must first be won, Lives freely yielded, martyr blood be spilt, Love east out fear, redemption blot out guilt, Ere we behold the Kingdom of God's Son.

We shall behold it! Lo, His Word stands sure, Our King shalI triumph in a world set free.

With joy His chosen ones His reigtl .shall see! -Authar Unknown.

Pray for UB, friends, that we may still endure!

Woman's Foreign Mission

EDITED BY MISS ELLA D. MAcLAURIN, 25 MADISON AvENUE, NEW YORK CITY "A CHAT WITH HOME BASE tives for supreme sacrifice, by furnish- HISTORY MAKERS" ing carefully outlined and well pre- By MARY LATHROP BISHOP sented programs, by aiding in an intelligent understanding of the mis- To those who attended the memor- sionary task. Our major problem able Washington Foreign Missions would be on the way to solution if we Conference in J"anuary, it will not resolved to recreate the impressions seem strange that we of the Home left upon us by the addresses in Base fellowship meet through the Washington, and to proceed to harmedium of the printed page for an monize plans with the magnitude of informal chat concerning the great our task. issues which we were asked to face at that time-issues so grave and of such Our Task significance that we said one to an- The work of the Home Base is not other, "Nothing can ever efface from limited geographically by any pre· our memories the challenge, nor from scribed area. The organizations in our consciousness the sense of personal each Board exist that the needs of responsibility." the foreign field may be presented to It is always helpful to define and the constituency., Whatever prob.

evaluate aims and to review the facts lems await solution overseas should which have contributed to our selec- be of concern to the Home Base.

tion of objectives. The purpose, as The present year is one of special given in the call of the great Conven- significance to all missionary organi- tion, was to "enlarge the interest and zations. The progress of events af.

deepen the conviction of the Christian fects all Christians everywhere, and people at the Home Base as to their nothing can be alien to our interest.

Foreign Missionary responsibilities Helen Barrett Montgomery writes: and obligations." The question we "The present is a period of need, such ask ourselves is, How fully is this as the world has never known. Every purpose being realized through our ef- support on which man trusted has forts? Are we sharing with our con- broken down, civilization, law, order, stituency the knowledge of the magni- government, education. Unless there tude of the task of women who are is help in Christ, there is no help for seeking to interpret by love a living the world. The whole Gospel is needed Christ to women and children in for- for the whole world, and it must be eign lands through the lives of our given by the whole Church."

ambassadors for Christ 1 After those If space permitted, many startling days of fervent zeal and enthusiasm, facts from all lands might be mar- have we the deep settled conviction shaled, showing the awakening of that the "note of immediacy" has womanhood to new ideals of service.

struck T That a Program of Action is The spirit of nationalism is taking called, for by the very events which possession of India's women as well are daily passing in review? as of her men. In the vicinity of There are certain developments in Bombay and Poona, certain Hindu foreign fields that are affecting our women are working out a scheme of whole problem, and perhaps it may be education for girls starting with the just now the privilege of the Home primary and continuing through Base history-makers to awaken a new three years of college grade. .AB we interest by supplying adequate mo- think of India with only one woman 711

in a hundred literate we must needs create public opinion and to change lift our hearts in prayer and effort deplorable conditions, it is faced with for India. Turkish women are throw- the failure of America to protect its ing aside their veils and looking out children.

upon the world with new eyes. C.h::is- tian. Burmese women are orgamzmg Some Avenues of Service for service. Chinese women are tak- The source of strength at the Home ing leadership in all departments of Base lies in the fact that women, when activity, physical, social, religious, enlisted in a great cause, form a vast medical, economic. Japanese women working unit moving forward with the are receiving recognition in important urging force of a, great enthusiasm. It is woman's way to concrete her positions as leaders. task and to attack her problems with vigor. The Institute for a Christian In that great country which is in Basis of WorId Relations recognized the public mind so prominently to- this characteristic feature in woman's day, Chinese women are recognizing work and made very definite recomthat women are as important as the mendations, in June of 1924, dealing men to the future stability, improved with our specific work as a missionary society, and higher ideals of a nation, group. We do well at this time to and, with fervor, they are entering refresh our minds with the viewpoint into their heritage. A missionary of this conference :-" That all groups writes, "If we are to establish the launch a study along broad, con- Christian Church in China we must structive lines of international relatrain the women." One of China's tions, emphasizing the inherent congreat problems is its untaught chil- nection of missions to these reladren. Of 99,000,000 children of tions" : – " T hat the mISSIOnary school age only 4,218,695 are in groups study the economic factors afschools, and only 125,513 in Christian fecting the Christian basis of world schools. "Not one in a thousand of relations so that they shall clearly China's girls are in school or in Chris- understand the interrelation of ecotian homes." This is God's chal- nomics and missions" :-" That Chrislenge to American women. China is tian women study their general attistepping into the international arena. tudes and policies in relation to these We must give liberally. We must matters, realizing that they need to pray sympathetically. We must help develop right attitudes toward poli- sacrifically.

Chua Labor Child labor is a new problem in tics, to become informed, and to use human affairs, for ancient history has the vote as part of their Christian no such record. In" Milpstones, " service to help make the government which is being published by the Fed- Christian, to insure that those who eration of Women's Boards of Foreign represent them in the government ex- Missions, the Council of Women for press their ideals and spirit."

Home Missions, and the National It is encouraging to note that Wom- Board of the Young Women's Chris- en's Boards have given sympathetic tian Associations, we read: ' , There support to the great movements of is an immediacy about a child welfare. the day, such as the Women's National program that exists with reference to Committee of Law Enforcement, the no other." The following paragraph Cause and Cure of War, the child is of special interest: ' ,We come into labor question and to an intimate close contact with this problem study of the burning vital issues that through our foreign mission work-in are affecting the foreign field in this China, for· example, where the church crucial hour.

is taking a stand for the protection We are trustees of a great task with of children in industry. However, in a wonderful heritage and have an en- the e:ffQrtl$ of the Chinese Church to trusted opportunity. The supreme

WOMAN'S FOREIGN MISSION BULLETIN

motive and compelling force is to en- be;ged by a prince in West China to throne Christ in politics, in commerce, take home to his little son. in industry, in social and civic life, and in p''''sonal, national and inter- lt is hoped that a Chinese edition national rdations. How may we of Mrs. Peabody's" Prayers for Little achieve our objectives? Children" may be undertaken soon after Mrs. MacGillivray's return to Agencies of Progress China, as she says that the prayer life of little children in China has al- There are agencies of the Federation of Women'8 Boards of Foreign most no help even in Christian homes. Missions which are striving to answer The notable achievements of Miss this question, "agencies of progress" dealing with the problem of program Laura White, that well-known pioneer making and presentation and of better in this branch of Christian service, far publicity, with deputation and sum- antedate any enterprise of this Commer conferences. There are local Fed- mittee, yet from time to time the erations and Committees charged with honor of aiding her in her splendid responsibility and there are Cooperat- efforts to enlighten the mothers of ing Committees. From the Cooperat- China through her widely known ing Committee for the Women's magazine Nu Tu Pao, the Woman's Union Christian Colleges in Foreign Messenger, has been in our budget. Fields comes a stirring message written by Miss Florence G. Tyler, Exec- Not long after Happy Childhood utive Secretary. became an accomplished fact, our at- "The great campaign for the Union tention was called to the needs of the Christian Colleges of the Orient has Japanese women and children. Japan, made possible splendid buildings on unlike China, is a literate nation, yet seven new campuses in India, China, the dearth of simple, practical Chrisand .Japan. The lists are full, the tian books and magazines, suited to waiting lists lengthen, opportunities the needs of Japanese mothers and come apace. Graduates are joining- their little ones and available for the the ranks of Christian leaders and poorer classes, is almost unbelievable. the futUre is full of hope. For a number of years the Com- "The women of America can hel p mittee has been aiding the Society for their sisters in the Orient. Budget Christian Literature in Japan in the needs are pressing. You Have Built publication of two monthly magazines, – Will You Maintain?" quite widely used by Christian teachers and colporteurs: Shokoshi The Committee on Christian Literature for women and children reports (Children of Light) issues 10,000 some achievement. Miss Alice M. copies each month, which are used in Kyle, Chairman, explains the objec- mission Sunday-schools and in homes tives in an article soon to appear. of varying degrees of prosperity and Miss Kyle tells us that Havpy Child- "Ai No Hikari" (Light of Love). hood, a monthly magazine for Chinese children, which celebrated its 10th In India has been made our latest birthday in March, has an edition and perhaps most adventurous exwhich now reaches each month abont periment. There are in India over a 10,000 homes, where at least 60,000 million boys and girls of school age. readers, old and young, welcome this Many thousands of these are taught to little visitor. It goes into almost read English. This youngest "enture every province in China. Marshal of the Committee The Treasure Chest, Feng has taken it for his soldiers, was launched in 1922 and met gratifyand a worn and tattered copy was ing success.

Who will pray for the abundant showers of interest and money which shall make this wilderness of poten- tialities and shut-in lives blossom as the rose? EDITED BY FLORENCE E. QUINLAN, 156 FIFTH AVENUE, NJi'W YORK CONFERENCE OF CONFERENCE Women. It was decided to limit the LEADERS discussion to these topics and to the By GILBERT Q. J:..:d30URD, general subject of conference method- ology. Secretary, Committee of Arrangements One evening was spent in group There were one hundred and one present at the conference of confer- discussion in which groups representence leaders held at Asbury Park, N.. J., May 6-11, 1925, the majority iynogunfgor.epiegonp~me 'isssiwoonrsk, , home mreilsisgioionus~ beIng there for the full time. Every- and one who was present for the entire conference felt that it was a meetinO" educatlOn dIscussed the four topics of unusual significance and impOl:: tance. At the closing session it was mentioned above, or such o·f them as voted unanimously to hold a similar conference in the same place next time perInitted. A definite attempt y.ear and at approximately the same time, the same Committee of Ar- was made to find out how these topics rangements being continued with power to make any necessary changes affected the respective groups. This in its membership. The same plan of w?rking through existing agencies was done by discussing concrete cases WIll be followed in promoting the conference as was followed this year. rather than mere theories.

To report the conference is diffi- The following morning the entire cult because it was the sort that needs conference began the discussion of to be attended to be appreciated. The race relations as an example of how meetings were all conducted on the a topic Inight be developed in a condiscussion method under the able leadership of Professor Harrison S. ference. Early in the session one of Elliott of Union Theological Semi- the delegates brought the discussion nary. A questionnaire was sent out to a definite issue by submitting his in advance to determine the general own personal problem. Living in a areas of discussion. The finest spirit New Y?rk suburb ~hich is rapidly was shown through all discussions developmg, he asked lf as a Christian and there was evident everywhere a very earnest desire to find out "how he had any right to join with others OUr conferences may help people to to keep the real estate men from sellfind a more Christian way for the ing to Jews. For the rest of that day and part of the next, the conference world." settled down to hard, thoughtful dis- The first sessions were devoted to cussion of this practical problem. It was not intended to settle the prob- lem, but the discussion brought out the principles involved in clear light and showed possible factors in the situation which might be used to work out a solution.

No attempt was made to discuss the other three major problems as time did not perInit.

finding out just what are the prob- The discussion of summer confer- lems of the present day that are so ence methodology consumed most of important that they must be brought ~he ,remaining time. It was surpris- before summer schools and confer- mg to find how much in common ences. These were boiled down to there ,~as between the various groups four: War and Peace; Standards of which m themselves are very differ- Success and Profit Motives; Race ent. Practically eve r y type of Relations; and. Problems of Men and conference was represented: Chau- 714 tauqua, Y. M. C. A., Y. W. C. A., as typified by Kobe, Japan, where in Missionary, Religious Education, the slums a little band of Christians Young People, Fellowship, etc. strives for better things and has The chief things discussed were the looked to America as a land of Chrisuse of the "discussion method" and tian helpfulness, looked to America the extent to which the delegates as a land of justice and brotherhood, themselves should determine the pro- looked so once but looks so no longer, gram and direct the activities of the and now doubts and cannot underconference. Testimony was given to stand, and wonders if no land is the s u c c e s s of the "discussion really Christian. method" and to a very large cooperation between delegates and leaders in These gates were opened. Shall the determining the conference curricu- King of Glory come in 1 Can He lum and in directing its activities. come in until ChrisCs Church does more than in the past ¥ Can our con- The closing session of the confer- ferences help people to find the truly ence on Sunday night was a never-to- Christian way for the world? Such be-forgotten occasion. A deep sense thoughts as these were in the hearts of spiritual values had been running of each as Dr. Ralph E. Diffendorfer through the entire conference. From closed the conference with prayer. time to time there had been periods of silence in which to seek divine aid. What was accomplished? Not Face to face with some of the most much that can be reported. Much challenging questions of the day, the that will bear fruit in the future. As delegates had felt drawn together in one present has said, "It was not a a common desire to seek added spir- conference for passing resolutions itual power for tasks too great for but for making them." The great mere human strength. Then, too, responsibility of conferences became there had been times for the giving more clear than before. It seemed of thanks for many things. The last clear to most of those present that if hour of the conference was reserved the conferences of the churches are to for a devotional meeting nuder the leadership of Miss Rhoda McCul- continue to be places of real leaderlough. "Lift up your heads, 0 ye ship they must deal with the great gates, and be ye lift up, ye ever- problems of the day which were conlasting doors; and the King of glory sidered at Asbury Park. There was shall come in." This was the theme. frank admission of failure to accom- With the assistance of four of the plish all that needs to be done and a delegates, there were lifted up for the sincere desire to find new methods to group four gates, each giving the increase the efficiency of conference vision of a great field: the vast army procedure. The outstanding conclu- sion reached was that more conferof eager young people, chafing at restraint, yearning for things high ences among conference leaders were and noble and often impatient with absolutely essential; hence the dethe Church, yet willing to serve if cision to meet again next year. given the chance; the Negroes of our land, accomplishing much, yet failing MORMON STATrSTrCS-1924 in many things, living among the whites and yet apart, pressing up, From the Annual Report of the but often unjustly thrust down; the Utah Gospel Mission: women and girls in industry, bound 'round about by a great system, all MORMON ORGANIZATIONS too often un-Christian, handicapped by low wages and long hours, U. R. Total tempted on many hands yet striving for justice, and love, and Christian Alabama …………. 13 3 16 fellowship; the lands across the seas 23 Arizona …………. 23 6 Arkansas ………… 5 1 79 43 California ……….. 46 33 7 Colorado . . . . . . . . . . .. 24 19 o ,Connecticnt …..•…• 3 4 30 Delaware •……….. 0 0 21 Florida . . . . . . . . . . . .. 26 4 Georgia………….. 21

P. R. Total Name-HeadQ'uarters Idaho ………….. . 9 9 1B In United States, MiBaiort- Mem~ Value of Illinois …………. . 18 Property 45 63 Can. and Mexico arie,~ bers $289.114.04 Indiana ………… . 15 4 19 California – Los 23,021..17 66 75 Angeles 125 8.625 110.410.26 Canada-Toronto 71 716 232.818.55 Iowa, …………… . 9 26 40 Central States- 8.712 88.694.57 Kansas …………. . 14 4,689 82,535.76 Kentucky .•………. 30 2 32 Independence .. 158 5,141 64.066.14 5,599 102.385.44 1 12 Eastern States- 23.047 15.'184.12 4.977 Louisiana ……….. . 11 Brooklyn …… 142 2.683 Maine ………….. . 5 12 17 Northern States – Minnesota ……..•.. 3 8 11 Chicago 127 Maryland ……….. . 5 1 6 Northwest'n States -Portland .•.. 99 Massachusetts ……. . 7 9 16 Southern States – Michigan ……….. . 9 96 105 Atlanta •…… 197 M!ssissippi ……… . 13 MU3S0UTl ••••••••••••• 25 2 15 Western States – Montana ….•……. 18 11)5 130 Denver ……. 96 Mexican-EI paso, 9 27 Texa' …….. 76 Nebraska ,..•……… 8 20 28 Totals …….. 1.092 64.189 $1.008.230.35 Nevada ………… . 8 8 In }I~oreig11 Lanil8 New Hampshire ….. . o oo Armenian 2 164 $450.00 5 5.670 78,518.17 New Jersey …..•…. 3 2 British Mission .. 151 1.621 55,284.95 New Mexico ……..• 7 7 Danish Mission .. 24 468 1.242.95 3.189 57,229.02 New York ………. . 12 8 20 French Mission .. 30 1.621 52,774.43 17,823.30 North Carolina …… . 17 17 Netherl'nds Mission 61 485 Norw'g'n Mission. 17 51,497.79 North Dakota ……. . 1 3 4 S. Africa Mission. 18 11.102 53.350.17 Ohio …………… . 10 2,051 46 56 Swiss and German Oklahoma ……….. . 11 22 33 Mission …… . 226 Oregon ………….• 17 9 26 SwedIsh MIssion .. 30 Pennsylvania 15 19 34 Totals in Europe 559 26.371 $368.169.86 Rhode Island ……. . 1 2 3 The Ioland Missions 1.115 $40.911.18 13.083 195,830.00 South Carolina …… . 23 23 Australian Mission 41 Abandoned 164 150.575.66 South Dakota ……. . 2 2 Hawaiian Mission. 6o1 5,184 Japan ……•… 3.402 92.789.24 Tennessee ……….. . 9 1 10 1,721 13.4·03.70 New Zealand ..•. 45 1.051 24,853.52 Texas •………….. 28 8 36 Samoan Mission .. 44 Utah (only R. counted) 3 3 Tahitian Mission 11 Vermont ……… ·· .. 5 Virginia ………… . 18 5 Tongan Mission .. 19 1 19 Totals …… _. 220 26.780 $518.383.30 Washington ……… . 28 IS 46 Joseph Smith birthplace farm, 1 Sharon, Vt. ……………… Washington, D. C. . .. . 1 20.000.00 West Virginia ……. , 11 11 22 Joseph Smith home farm, PaI~ 20.000.00 myra. N. Y. …………•.. Wisconsin ………. . 8 20 28 Wyoming (not Western) 8 1 9 Hawaiian Islands 16 2 18 Total missIons property held .. $1,934.763.51 Canada (not colonies). 16 90 106 635 762 1,370 Program Suggestions GrB,nd total of both, 1,370; (125 more Program on Farm and Cannery than 1923 list). Migrants. Full text of hymns, Scrip- ture passages, prayer and recitation. leU "~Utah Mormonism; "Roo-Rear· Various topics for short talks, referganized or Josephite. ences being giten for developing the program. Two illustrations; 3 cents, And from figures given by Presi- $2.50 per 100. dent Heber J. Grant at the conference in Salt Lake City, April, 1925, Stereopticon Lecture, Farm and as reported by the Deseret News, the Cannery Migrants. Full text accomfollowing: panies 59 pictures. Rental: $2.00 for a meeting, plus transportation one MISSIONS way and cost of replacement of any slides broken. injured or missing. Total missionaries out from home regions, 1,871; of members in these The Kingdom of Love. Pageant on missions, 117,340; property held by Farm and Cannery Migrants by Ruth Mormonism in these missions, $1,934.- Mougey Worrell. Given at Northfield 763.51-nearly two millions of dol- Home Missions Conference, July, lars' there are 24 "missions," with 1924, and' Home Missions Institute, 654 '''branches,'' and figures as fol- Chautauqua, August, 1925.

lows:

FROM .MANY

JAPAN-KOREA support, it is utterly unable as yet to undertake the full responsibility of ATokyo and Santa Barbara self-extension. This is the opinion of N incident which occurred in ~v. W. H. M. Walton, who, writing Tokyo on JUly lst received but m . the Church Missionary Gleaner, ?are mention in the cable news, yet it pomts out three great groups in IS of very great significance says The Japan among whom evangelistic work Christian Advocate, "in its bearing IS greatly needed. First, is the alupon international relations and upon the whole question of world peace. most unreached rural population. July ls~ was the first anniversary of Again, in the city of Tokyo today the. Umted States immigration act whteh so outraged the national pride there are more students of higher of the Japanese by its discrimination grade than in the whole of the British against persons of their race. 'rhose Isles. They come from all over the a~it~tors who find their advantage in Empire and indeed the Far East. stlrrmg up hatred of America planned Take the four largest universities with to. hold public meetings in Tokyo on a student popUlation of 33000· with thIS ,unhappy anniversary, at which the exception of one definitely'ChrispaSsIOnate oratory should do its utmost to keep the old sore open and in- tian hostel, a few Bible classes and flamed. But something happened. a C. 11. S. Chinese Student Mission On the eve of the anniversary the without a missionary, nothing is being American dispatches brought the done to win these future leaders of news of the earthquake at Santa Bar- Japan for Jesus Christ. The third bara. The hearts of the Japanese group is the 46,000 men, women and were touched with sympathy for those children whom modern industrialism who were suffering from a disaster has brought into the factories which similar to that which devastated exist today. Tokyo and Yokohoma two years ago. One of the announced 'humiliation' Won Through Children meetings was called off because of popular sympathy with the earth- MEETINGS for mothers accomquake sufferers, and the others were pany the kindergarten which scantily attended and devoid of en- American Methodist women are conthusiasm. Too many people in Tokyo remembered the promptness with ducting in Hakodate, northern Japan. which America opened its heart when that city was in ashes and ruins. Miss Goodwin writes: "The mothers When America acts like a Christian toward a non-Christian nation she seem to be enjoying their meeting:> discovers that the Golden Rule is no dead letter." very much, and we have had splendid attendance. One of the women has begun to go to church since the meet- ings started. She is nWoteamCahyrnisotitabn~ but is eager to learn.

able to do as much real, definite evan- gelistic work among the mothers as we long to do, but we can act as the connecting link with the church. The Unreached Groups in Japan children are taught to pray in the , . kindergarten and many of them pray at home, some also asking a blessing THOU.GH the .Church III Japan to- before each meal. The prayers of the children will help in the evangelizad~y IS. practIcally. self-governing, and IS rapIdly advancmg towards self- 717

tion of the homes." Among the moth- attendance of 30 and there were also ers of the children in the main kinder- six night schools with an average at- garten Miss Goodwin has started a tendance of 27. He says: Bible study class. One woman has become a Christian and she has "It is evident that this rapid influx of brought in others. Koreans, and its wide distribution through. out all parts of Japan, create a missionary Children's Views on Religion situation which calls for something much mOre radical and extensive than the churches ASUNDAY-SCHOOL worker asked in Japan and Korea have yet realized." some questions about religion in the class rooms of the secondary Korean Out-Station Clinic!! schools in Osaka, now the fifth large~t city in the world. Some 9,064 boys D R. NORMAN FOUND, a Methodand, girls were questioned. It was ist medical missionary in Konglearned that the parents of 7,973 were ju, Korea, is planning to organize a Buddhists, 387 Shintoists, and 329 number of clinics at out-points beyond were Christian. The number that the city in which he has his headthought there was a supreme being quarters. There are six main roads were 6,694, but some 1,276 misguided leading into Kongju. The plan is to ones said that. there is no God. select a village with a church about About 1,044 were in doubt and did not five or ten miles out along each road answer. Again 7,522 felt that there and hold there clinics on regular was some need for religion. When schedules, so that the people of the asked as to their preference 3,157 countryside may depend upon the wanted to be Buddhists and 1,513 place to be served on a regular date like Christianity. The others were in by either Dr. Found or his Korean doubt. The Bible had been read some- assistant. This is an experiment in what by 1,371. medical out-stations which has prob- ably not been tried on any other mis- Koreans in Jap8.Jl sion field.

E IGHTEEN years ago when the In a recent itinerating trip of about Y. M. C. A. sent a secretary to two hundred miles in this territory, work among the Korean students in Dr. Found discovered many small Tokyo there were only a few hundred villages where his services were very Koreans in Japan; at present there welcome. Going from village to vilare about 150,00,0. Regularly organ- lage he performed many minor and ized church work was not begun until major operations, most of them hav- 1912 when the Methodist and Presby- ing to be done in the street, because terian Councils united in sending a there was no clinic to which the pastor to the Christian students in patient might be taken. He carried Tokyo. In 1918 the pastor reported along with him two large boxes of that the Korean congregation was the medicine and they were practically third largest in the city. In 1921 the empty when he returned to Kongju. direction of the work for Korean students in Tokyo was transferred to the A MissioJ1ary Educator Federal Council and its field extended to include all Koreans in Japan. R. TWENTY years ago a Korean coun- A. Hardie, who, at the request of the try preacher asked John Z. Moore, Council, has made a survey of the missionary, for $1.50 a month to pay situation, reports that under the care for sending his boy away to boarding of Pastor Pak, a Korean, there were school. But after thinking it over he 12 groups, having a total enrollment changed his mind and asked that the of 333 adults, of whom 62 were bap- money be used for a school in the viltized. Six of the groups had Sunday- lage, for his son and other lads. The schools for children with an average school was opened with five pupils and one teacher on wages of $2.50 monthly. Now that school has grown

NEWS FROM: MANY LANDS t19

to 160, with three or four buildings of the benefits the Samoans have derived and a kindergarten of seventy pupils. from their teachers-the missionaries from The boy for whom the school was England. started is now at the capital, himself a teacher in the famous Pai Chai High Indians in Fiji School. In Pyeng Yang, the large city of the north, there is a Methodist LARGE numbers of the Indian high school, with a Korean principal colonists in the Fiji Islands sufwho was graduated at Ohio Wesleyan fered greatly under an indenture and Columbia, and linked with it are system which has now been done awav lower schools with 4,000 pupils. Not with. Rev. A. W. McMillan, who was long ago on a Japanese national holi- for seventeen years a missionary in day the Governor General, Baron India, and is now representing the Saito, formally presented Mr. Moore New Zealand Y. M. C. A. in work for with a silver vase bearing the Em- these Indians, says: "Since the abolipel'or's crest, and an illuminated tion of indenture, the people have scroll, setting forth the reason for scattered far and wide as independent awarding the imperial honor, namely, settlers. The Rockefeller Foundation "For having rendered distinguished has recently treated scores of thouservice in educational work for many sands of hookworm cases free of years." Mr. Moore has met the finan- charge, producing a marked improvecial cut in the work of the schools ment in the health and the spirits of ordered by the Methodist Foreign the community_ In many ways things Board by pledging from his own sal- are changing for the better. There is, aryan amount for the schools equal however, only one government prito four fifths of the amount given by mary schooL The missions (especially the mission for this purpose last year. the Methodists) are doing good pio- neer work, and the people themselves ISLANDS OF THE SEA are making brave efforts to run 'panchayati' or committee-managed Tribute to Samoan Missions schools, some of which receive a grant- in-aid from Government. Hakim Din. THE following letter was recently a well-educated Christian Indian, who received at the office of the London has been headmaster of a large high Missionary Society from Major-Gen- school in Sialkot, in the Punjab, and eral G. 8. Richardson, Administrator his wife, have now gone to take charge of Western Samoa: of the school carried on by Austrailian Methodists at Lautoka, and another I would like to pay a tribute to the Indian, a graduate of the Allahabad great work that has been done in Samoa Agricultural Institute, is doing good by the L. M. IS. I see evidence everywhere work in agricultural training. of the influence of your early missionaries who have left a permanent mark on the NORTH AMERICA character of the Samoan people, who are today a God·fearing, law·abiding and lov- Radio and Family Prayers able people. The administration of these islands is facilitated by the past efforts of A NEW invention is helping to rethese missionaaries who sacrificed themselves vive an old custom. "The Mornto bring out the conditions which now exist ing Watch," a service broadcast daily in this Territory. I cannot pay too high a by the Boston Y. M. C. A., has been tribute to the far-sighted policy of the attracting increasing interest. Promipioneer missionaries. Their wisdom and nent ministers lead the services for organizing ability is seen today in the the thousands who listen in. Through Samoans gradually learning to control their letters from professional and business own affairs, with a desire to live as Samoans, people, farmers, shut-ins, and from and not aspire to become Europeans in their old and young, it has been discovered outlook, habits and customs, but to work that a great many New 'Englanders out their own destiny under conditions best welcome this reversion to the habits suited to their individuality_ Their desire and efforts to spread the Gospel to other islands in the Pacific is proof of their Christianity having become a real thing in their lives, and a remarkably convincing evidence

of their forefathers. One letter reads: MacMillan and the Moravians "The Morning Watch is inspiring to all of my family. I now feel that my I N THE radio messages announcing day is started correctly, and my the safe arrival of the MacMillan optimism is maintained at one hun- Arctic Expedition at Hopedale on the dred per cent." coast of Labrador Commander Mac- Millan paid the following tribute to Christian Endeavor Convention the Moravian missionaries there: "Had it not been for the Moravians, DENOlIINATIONAL leaders out- whose service with utterly inadequate lined plans at the Thirtieth In- funds is little short of marvelous, ternational Christian Endeavor Con- there would not be an Eskimo alive vention in session at Portland, Ore- on the Labrador Coast today. Our gon, July 4th to lOth, for a closer cor- men attended service here in a spotrelation of the Christian Endeavor less little church with sand on the program of service and the general fioor, women in combination of native plans of the denominational leaders. and foreign costume on the right and Conferences held at the convention men with their best red tapes tying in marked a decided advance in the co- the tops of their sealskin boots on the operative programs, according to re- left. One Eskimo word makes a line ports. Christian Endeavor topics of an ordinary hymn. Congregational have been arranged so as to dovetail singing by Eskimos is the chief feainto the programs of Bible Study, Mis- ture of the service. W. W. Perret. in sionary Education, Stewardship and charge of the mission has done im- Evangelism of denominational groups. portant work in botany, climatology The theme of the convention was and ornithology, and is of the utmost "Fidelity to Christian Endeavor assistance to Koelz, of our party." Principles. " Emphasis was placed upon the evangelistic, community and A Papal Mission Board missionary activities of churches and the part played in these programs by THB Roman Catholic Church in the the Christian Endeavor Society. The United States is organizing an event of greatest interest was the re- American Board of Catholic Missions. tirement from active service of Dr. The plan, authorized by the hier- Francis E. Clark, who forty-four archy, is a final step in putting Cathyears ago established the Christian olic affairs upon a sound administra- Endeavor Society at Portland, Maine. tive and business basis. Two or three Dr. Daniel A. Poling, co-minister of years ago a welfare conference was the Marble Collegiate Church, New formed, and later national councils of York, was elected President of the Catholic men, and the same of women. United Society. Dr. Clark was elected 'l'be new board will bring under one President Emeritus. In honor of his head the missionary efforts, together long service on a non-salaried basis, with the great federations of volunthe trustees have arranged to estab- teer organizations. In the main, the lish what is called the Dr. Francis E. Catholic system now is like those of Clark Recognition Fund of $100,000, other great religious bodies, even to whose income will be devoted to the the employment in some cases of idensupport of Dr. and Mrs. Clark so long tical names. Some years ago a Cathas both shall live. After they have olic extension society was founded in been called to higher service the fund Chicago. Its success has been marked, will be known as the Francis E. Clark and it is to be employed as the organi- Memorial Fund, the income of which zation through which the new board will then be devoted to the extension is to function. Following the Chicago of Christian Endeavor work through- venture came one for foreign missions, out the whole world. fostered largely from New York. That work also has grown rapidly. Part of the new work to be entered upon, it

j925] NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

is said, is in behalf of the thousands educational, civic, and welfare of Mexicans who come into the United agencies has been organized and un· Htates.-Missionary Herald. del' this body county committees have been established in sixty-three of the New York City Japanese counties of Kentucky. From the first I ~TEREST is being shown by the the Commission focused its attention Presbyterian and Reformed upon education as one of the strategic Churches in the 4,000 Japanese who points and the results of this work are in New York every year, many of have been gratifying. Through the them remaining for a long term as efforts of the Commission it is becomresidents or for study. It is estimated ing more common in Kentucky to call that at least 3,000 travelers from the Negro citizens to render service on sunrise kingdom pass through the city juries. Getting his cue from a State annually. Most of these are young interracial conference where this mat· men, very few being married, and of tel' was emphasized, a Negro lawyer the latter class 131 have families. demanded and obtained for his clieut 'fhat these people may be rightly in- a trial by a jury composed entirely of fluenced and have upon them the im- the Negro race. What the reaction press of Christian institutions it is of the lawyer was when the jury con~ proposed says The Continent, to form a center where they may come in con- victed his client in less than five tact with the people of the churches minutes and sentenced him to the who are concerned for their moral penitentiary for a term of three years may be easily imagined.

and spiritual uplift. To this end in 1909 a Japanese Christian Association ABlerican Conference on Airiea was formed, which carried on an in- T HE Africa Committee of the Comstitutional work for both men and mittee of Reference and Counsel women and was interdenominational has called an open conference on in character. Three years later a Africa to be held in the Kennedy School of Missions, Hartford, Ct., building on West 123d Street was October 30th to November 1st. Some leased. Now this work has so en- of the subjects to be considered at larged that it is contemplated taking this conference, which will be atover a larger building which, with its tended largely by representatives of equipment, will cost at least $200,000. mission boards having work on that A large number of persons have al- continent, will be "Present Situation ready enlisted to make possible this in Africa," "Educational Objectives new enterprise. The present Japa- in Africa," "The Education of Womnese membership is 200. This, it will en and Girls, " "Cooperation for be noted, is an institutional church, Africa and Africans," as well as and is not related to the Y. M. C. A., problems in hygiene and public the Y. W. C. A., or the Japanese Stu- health, languages and literature, and dent Christian Association, which has in the reaching of the people in large a national membership.

Interracial Work in Kentucky cities and mining centers of Africa.

Plans will also be made looking to- I NTERRACIAL work in Kentucky ward the "World Conference on was started under the auspices of Africa," to be held during 1926. the State Y. M. C. A. some five years Among the missionary and educa- ago with the avowed purpose of "cul- tional leaders who will address the tivating better relations between the conference are: Dr. Thomas Jesse races and improving the condition of Jones, educational director of the the Negro along lines agreed upon by Phelps-Stokes Fund, Dr. Homer L.

the Interracial Commission." Since Shantz, of the United States Depart- that time a strong State Interracial ment of Agriculture, Dr. J. H. Dil- Commission representing religious, lard, president of the Jeanes and 5

Slater Funds, Prof. Dr. Westermann, ket, but the bearer of glad tidings is of the University of Berlin, Rev. also there with his healing message."

Thomas S. Donohugh, associate secre- tary of the Methodist Episcopal Al….kan Gifts in Time of Need D Church, and Mr. J. H. Oldham, of R. GRAFTON BURKE, Protes- tant Episcopal missionary at London.

Among Philadelphia Jews Fort Yukon, Alaska, writing weeks afterward of the fire which destroyed ry1HE open-air meetings conducted in the mission house and left fourteen 1. Philadelphia during the summer persons homeless, says: and fall by the Jewish Evangelization But for a most generous and gratify- Society have been espeeially suecess- ing response by the people here and at ful, in the opinion of the Director. Circle and Beaver we should have been in Another test is the enmity they have a bad way. Johnny Fredson's father, old aroused. A Jewish newspaper in the Fred, whb tears in his eyes came early in city urges the opening of more re- the morning after the fire with a pair of moccasins for me and $5 for Mrs. Burke.

ligious schools and centers to offset He had been saving it for a long while, and nothing would go at all but that we "the unfair and offensive propaganda take it. Then Captain McCann and the of the missionaries." This item in steward, Mr. McIlvane, on the last boat The Bulletin, the quarterly of the So- out, left generously of their food supplies ciety reveals the fact that the work and blankets. You should have seen the Indians bringing moccasins to church the of the witnesses for Christ among the following Sunday. A clothes basket full Jews of that city is telling to some was given. Pillows they made from the extent on the Jews. That the methods feathers of Alaska geese, the pillows in- are "unfair" is merely the false itialed in red tbread. Our natives gave Mrs. Burke a piece of brilliant purple velvet for judgment of Jews who hate the Gos- a dress. And I now have several caps and pel. This is the cry whenever Chris- toques. An Indian woman meeting Grafton tians attempt to instruct Jews in the (age,1 sevell) recently said, "1 am making Gospel of Christ. " The offense of the you a parka." To which the little fellow jauntily replied, "All right. I have four cross," has not ceased. already, but you make it and I'll sell it for grub J "

AlIlong the Papago Indians SOUTHERN ARIZONA forms the LATIN AMERICA tribal headquarters of these In- The Mexican Separatists T dians, among whom the Presbyterian HE so-called "llexican Catholic Apostolic Church," which, aban- Board of National Missions is finding a fruitful field. In the seventeenth doning the authority of Rome and the century Spanish missionaries visited celibacy of the clergy, calls for re- and baptized them, and then departed, ligious services in Spanish, was re- leaving their crosses, beads and amu- ferred to in the June REVIEW. Dis- lets, with a pagan people. In 1903, turbances in various centers have been the Presbyterian Papago Mission was reported. The Roman Catholies at opened in an Indian camp adjacent to once organized a "National I,eague Tucson. Many of those Indians have for the Defense of Religion." The more permanent residence on the schismatics took eharge of their first desert south and west of that city. church by force in the city of Mexico, There are some fifty villages on the and there was blood shed in the aet of desert. The missionary has to travel doing it. The Roman Catholics say hundreds of miles in his ministry to they are ready to defend everyone of these people. Five ehurehes have their ehurch buildings by foree, and been established, one in the village of by the shedding of blood if it is neees- Tueson, and four on the desert. " The sary. The Government took the bootlegger, the gambler, the leader of church building away from both sides vice," says The Presbyterian, "is and is going to convert it into il pushing his wares in the desert mar- museum of fine arts, but it gave two

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

churches to the schismatics which it in jail, with nothing to eat. "Give up had taken from the Roman Catholics the Gospel or starve," was the ultisome years ago. The latest report is matum offered by the priest and other that the Romanists have adopted a persecutors. ' ,We will starve then," new attitude, and are planning an replied the Indians. The superinteneducational campaign among their dent of the mission, on hearing of the people in which the Catholic Bible arrest of these converts, followed on and Catechism are to have wide and after them, taking, food with him; free distribution. Nothing, according and this food which he brought them to Rev. P. R. Zavaleta, a Presbyterian was the first that they had eaten in minister, will delight Perez, the leader five days. By going from one official of the schismatics more, for he well to another, he succeeded in securing knows that the Roman Catholic policy their release. These Indians erected will not bear a measurement by Bibli- themselves an adobe church building, cal standards, and that the Mexican capable of seating 1,000 persons. populace enlightened by the Word, will pronounce against it. Political Enndty in Brazil Women in Cuban Church W R. SCHISLER, educational mis- • sionary of the M. 1<J. Church, THE Protestant Episcopal Convoca- South, in Uruguayana, Brazil, after tion of the District of Cuba, meet- writing of the practical difficulties ing in Havana in June, voted with which the recent revolutionary dispractically no opposition, to admit turbances in Brazil placed in the way women as delegates to the meetings of of the school work, continues: "The Convocation, and to permit them to enmity in these political disputes enbecome members of parish vestries ters everything. Even Church affiliaand mission committees. This step tions take a secondary place. Political has been proposed several times be- opponents are usually bitter personal fore, but has always been defeated, enemies. A family will not have a and is rather significant in view of doctor unless he is 'of the same politithe Latin-American background. As cal party. Even in commerce the lines yet woman suffrage has gained no are very tightly drawn. Almost all foothold whatever in Cuba. relations are determined by political beliefs. Naturally during these revo- Indian Converts Loyal lutions all this is much worse. The great loss in lives in this strife results REV. W. F. JORDAN writes of the not so much from actual combat on way in which the Indian peons the battlefield as from individual disin Bolivia have received the Scrip- putes among neighbors. We missiontures and built a church under the aries and most of the native pastors auspices of the Canadian Baptist Mis- keep ourselves entirely out of all these sion. They have also been persecuted disputes. In this way we are prepared for their faith. A group of men- to help either side whenever we can. landowners and others-entered a But how difficult it is to reach people town and severely beat the men who with the Christian message when their had invited the mission to Collana. hearts are full of hatred for their They then took four of the Indian neighbors. Practically all the men go converts to the town of Calamarca, armed with long knives or revolvers where they put them in jail, with and many times both. They seem alnothing to eat. The following day ways to be in fear of their enemies. the helpless Indians were started on 0, how this country needs the Christ! foot, in charge of some soldiers, to ~he It is only as they learn of Him in town of Sicasica, seventy-five mIles spirit and in truth that they will be away. They were given no food en led out of these conditions." route, and on arrival they were put

EUROPE tendom is to be the work of the near Britioh Boxer Indemnity future. The recent conference at WHEN the bill was before Parlia- Malines is of particular interest. The ment providing for the remission representatives of the English Estabto China of the balance of the British Boxer indemnity, amounting to over lished Church and of the Oatholic £11,000,000, to be spread over twenty- Church decided not to issue any statethree years, all the leading British ment until the official joint declaramissionary societies which have work tion shall be issued. Meanwhile, howin China passed resolutions stating ever, there is an optimistic ring to the remarks made by Cardinal Mercier."

their definite intention not to make THE application for any share of the re- Protestants in France mitted portion of the fund, which may American MeAll Association, be applied to educational purposes. appealing for further support of They also state that even if grants are its work, says: "The question of the offered them they will not accept them ability of the French Protestant except with the full approval of the Church to support the Mission Popu- Chinese. laire is frequently raised. There are Dr. Henry T. Hodgkin, one of the still too few people who realize the secretaries of the National Christian proportion of France's population or Council of China, has stated with 39,000,000 even nominally connected great clearness the principles which with any church. A recent authority should be borne in mind in the dis- gives the following figures: lWman posal of these large funds. He urges Catholics in good standing, 7,000,000; that absolutely everything depends Protestants, 500,000; unchurched, upon the way in which the money is 31,000,000. 'We are,' writes M. Con- used, and that not only will no good nier, 'a very small minority almost be done but positive harm will be done swamped by the great mass of the if any ground is given to the Chinese people, scattered all over the country, for thinking that the money is to be which makes both organization and used to further British interests in the gathering of statistics very diffi- China. cult. In France there are approxi- . mately 1,200 churches or mission cen- Church of England and Rome ters belonging to different church THAT the promoters of the meeting unions, sects and! home mission so- "to reaffirm the principles of cieties, where 900 pastors are at work Protestantism, " which was held in (nearly 100 churches are without pas- London March 31st and described in tors). In the Alsace-Lorraine, 190 the June RiE;,VIEW, had good reasons pastors have charge of 256 churches.' There is no question of the consecrafor their action is evident from the tion and generosity of the noble little following quotation from The Com- band of Protestant churches, which monweal, a Romanist paper in Amer- supports a missionary on the field for ica: "Recent books issued by the So- every twelve pastors at home and ciety for the Promotion of Christian Knowledge (English) do homage to gives 16 1/8 per cent of all money the Virgin Mary in a way that would raised to missions, in contrast to the gratify Saint Bernard; and historical 8 1/3 per cent given to foreign mislearning, as it is carried on at Cam- sions in this country."

bridge and elsewhere, has so thoroughly altered views of the religioU'> Religions Future of Poland A revolution that the old-time animus POL,rSH author, K. W. Stezelec, writes in the Watchman-Examhas practically disappeared. These are all encouraging signs-even if iner of conditions in his native land: they do not, as yet, warrant the be- "Poland has many native radicals lief that a vast re-cementing of Chris- who are fighting for a division be-

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

tween the church and state, and more Russian Church Dilemma than one third of the population belongs to various non-Roman Catholic I N THE death of Patriarch Tikhon religions. When these forces unite in the already split and disunited politics against the Roman Catholic Russian Church is confronted with a national party a revision of the con- new and very serious crisis, in the stitution will occur, and most of the opinion of most Russian editors comarticles which deal with religion will menting on the new situation. Stanbe cancelled. The American friends ley High, also writing in The Chrisof Poland believe, according to the tian Register, says: evidence, that the Radicals will conquer, organize a strong government The "Living Church" leaders-Grasnitwhich will be able to give instructions sky, Vidnesky, and others-may be expected to the Roman Catholie Chureh as to to reassert themselves to gain control of the what publie morality, liberty of con- machinery of the Church. The Soviets, if science, and freedom of religion are. they believe such control would split the Everybody who knows Poland and its people will witness that the Polish Orthodox Church, win probably support farmer, just as the worker in the city, would cheerfully submit to the will of these leaders. But it is significant that the the Government against the will of the people of Russia-vast numbers of them- Roman Catholic Church in helping to have no less a loyalty to the (;nurch than assert the right of the civil authorities before the revolution. Persecution, ap· to maintain religious freedom. A parently, has served to make the religious fundamental law, whieh the church people even more religious. Their support eould not twist in favor of persecu- will not be forthcoming for a new set of tion, as the present religious para- leaders unless those leaders have at heart graphs of the constitution can be t.he real interests of the Church in Russia. twisted, is needed." And the Church, in Russia today, is keeping religion alive until that time when a less violent government will make it possible for the religious forces of the West to extend help to the Russian people.

AFRICA Africa's New Peril Greek Church Backs Y. H. C. A. SECRETARY LERRIGO of the American Baptist Foreign Mis- THE National Young Men's Chris- sion Society uses these words in an tian Association of Greece was or- article in Missions to describe present ganized early this summer when commercial conditions. He says: prominent citizens from Athens and "The world has discovered Africa and other cities met American Y. M. C. A. its riches. Foreign peoples of all naleaders at Kifissia and formulated the tionalities are entering in great numbasis of the movement. A former bers to exploit the new continent. mayor of Saloniki, leading merchants, The British Colonial Under-Secretary, bankers, ship operators, ex-royalists Major Ormsby-Gore, states that two and Venezelist ministers were among years ago Uganda produced ninety the delegates. The Metropolitan of bales of cotton, last year 137, and this Athens, titular head of the Greek Na- year the production will be 200,000. tional Church, who was present with Radium-bearing ore has been found his vicar, referred to the Y. M. C. A. by Belgium, the diamond and copper as an organization which, "through mines are being rapidly developed, its regular program, disseminates a while in certain colonies of West practical Christianity without empha- Africa exports are increasing at the sis on dogma or creed." He said that rate of sixty per cent a year. The the official church welcomes the Asso- work of our missionaries has been ciation and considers it a valuable made doubly, nay trebly, difficult by ally, because its spirit is the spirit of these new contracts with the outside Christ and it offers a practical means world. But the importance of tlteir of saving the nation's youth. work is emphasized by the urgency of the situation which is being created.

A race is taking place between the to a report made by Mrs. R. B. Kipp, godless forces of commercialism and missionary of the Methodist Episcopal industrialism now exploiting the land Church in that district, to the Board with such startling rapidity, and the of Foreign Missions. These African spiritual efforts of the representatives Christians have raised money to send of the churches of Christ who are try- one of their own pastors to a distant ing to capture the hearts, lives, vil- outpost in Angola. "People are comlages, social systems and tribal organ- ing to us from long distances asking ization of these primitive peoples for for teachers and pastors," says Mrs. God ere they go down into the pit of Kipp. "This last week two men destruction before tlJe invading ava- came forty miles with the news that rice-led hosts. " 130 of their fellows had given up their idols and want someone there to "Food for Souls" teach th"m. They say that if the present location of their village does r'f'HE book depots conducted by the not suit the missionaries, they will .l Egypt General Mission bear thes() indicate another to which they will move. At another point where there words on their signboards, and many is a cluster of small native villages questions have been asked as to the which have hitherto been considereci meaning of the phrase. The depot in heathen, twenty-one men have prom- Alexandria is located in the heart of ised to begin building at once a house an exclusively Moslem quarter. Dur- for clJapel and school, if we will send ing the last· few months, from this a teacher. The women and children center every shopping street in Alex- want to help also. At Quessua, after andria has been in process of being several days of prayer and preaching visited, and many hundreds of books, and instruction, one hundred persons mostly Genesis and gospels, have been were added to the roll of preparatory sold to Moslems. Douglas Porter, who membership in the Methodist Episcois in charge, writes of the daily vis- pal Church and twenty-seven were reitors to the depot, and continues: ceived into full membership re- "On Wednesday evenings we have a cently. " lecture, attended by numbers varying from fifteeJ;l to thirty, sometimes using Rift' Christian Converts the magic lantern, which is very popular. Occasionally the lecture is in THE military difficulties which both English interpreted, when we have France and Spain have recently had the very welcome help of Chris- been having in the Riff region of tian friends in Alexandria who have Morocco give special interest to the become interested in the students. report by Rev. Edwin F. Frease, mis- After the lecture, questions are asked sionary of the Methodist Episcopal which sometimes would puzzle a theo- Church in Algiers, of the annual meetlogical professor. Admission is by ing of the North Africa Conference ticket. This is really only a notice of held at Fort National, one hundred meeting, but it helps to make an im- miles east of Algiers City. Among the pression. Moreover, every boy is cases of conversion reported at the there not attending a public meeting, conference he mentions a stalwart, but by invitation. These students tall, Kabyle mountaineer, his wife and are really the key to Egypt's political only child, and two upstanding young problem. " men, who are very different now from their Riff kinsmen in Morocco still in African Home Mi••ions mediawal Moslem savagery. "'Of the same sturdy stock, but this time in AHOME MISSIONARY SOCIE- Algiers, were baptized five of the TY, to be known as the "Society older girls of the Kabyle Girls Home, to Aid in Evangelization," has been nine of the older boys from the AIorganized by the African Christians in Quessua, Angola, Africa, according

NEWS FROM MANY LtANDS

giers Boys' Home. All were baptized "Within the last few veal'S Turkish at their own request, after elear evi- students who received their education dence of conversion and careful teach- at Robert College have become ining. Could you but see the contrast fluential, " she said. "Before the between these girls and boys and their Young Turk Revolution of 1908 Abless fortunate brothers and sisters in dnl Hamid refused to allow Turks to the mountain villages!" study at the American colleges, but since then we have had Turkish stu- O;{ A.hanti Missionary Meeting dents and the oldest of them are now March 11th a gathcring was in a position to advance our educa- IJeld in Kumasi, the famous West tional ideals in Turkey. There is now African city, which may well mark an a Turkish university ,'vhich is training epoch in the history of Christian both men and women, while Robert .Missions there. It was but an old- College and the Constantinople Colfashioned missionary meeting, famil- lege for Women have a far larger iar to American Christians, but a proportion of Tnrks in their student nove':ty to the audience which filled bodies than ever before. " the spacious new church for this publice meeting on a week-day at which Aid for Assyrian Church the ideals of missionary enterprise were set forth by their own leaders. TWO representatives of the ProteR- With one exception all the speakerR tant Episcopal Church have gone were natives including NanaPrempeh, to Mosul, about two hundred miles ex-King of Ashanti, recently returned north of Baghdad, to render aid to from exile. Very modestly, yct with the Assyrian (Nestorian) Church, at real dignity, did he preside over the the earnest request of the authorities enthusiastic assembly, taking a keen of that Church. They are the Rev. interest in all that was said and done. John B. Panfil, who goes to direct edu- A Canadian missionary writes: cational work among Assyrian clergy, and }lr. Enoch R. Applegate, who is The more one comes into contact with to develop and supervise secular eduthe Ashanti people the more one is im· cation, and in other ways assist the pressed with the potentialities latent in them people and strenghten and restore the as a race. In spite of all that has been work of this very ancient Church. achieved they are not yet fnlly aronsed. During the World War the Assyrians There are signs of a great spiritnal awaken· took part with the allies, against the ing near at hand, at which those who live Turks. Since then they have been to see it will have reason to marvel. driven out of their mountain homes by boundary disputes between Turks, THE NEAR EAST French, and English. Since 1913 they have decreased from 200,000 to 50,000. Turks in ADlerican Schools "Unsettled conditions and oppres- sion," says The Living Ch1tr~h, "have MRS. GEORGE HUNTINGTON, interfered with education, and have oj' wife of the Vice President of course interrupted the preparation of Robert College and daughter of Cleve- men for Holy Orders. The leaders land Dodge, who returned from Con- of the people recognize the need. The stantinople in July, was quoted in the office of Patriarch, which is heredi- New York Times as saying that the tary, is now held by a lad of seventeen, educational situation in "Turkey is who is being educated in Canternow better than it ever has been as a bury." result of the willingness of the Mustapha Kemal Government to cooperate Arabia After Twenty Years with the American colleges. For the first time influential Turks are now MRS. E. E. OLOOTrr, treasurer of sending their sons and daughters to the American Christian Litera- American institutions and are en- ture Society for Moslems, has recently deavoring to develop Turkish schools and colleges on American models.

visited the missions in Arabia of the E. Dewey, Methodist Episcopal mis- Reformed Church in America. She sionaries, were assigned to fight the compares conditions now with what plague in a group of villages. For she found in a similar trip twenty two weeks the representatives of these years ago: three religions struggled together, do- ing all that they could for those who It was a joy to shake hands with a were ill and applying modern methods few converts and some inquirers and to of warding off the disease among those realize that there haye been some "sweet who had not been attacked. first-fruits" even in Arabia, where an open confession of Christ leads to certain persecu· , ,A hundred times since then, as we tion and sometimes even to death. . ….. have traveled through the district," says Mr. Dewey in reporting the in- Tvcnty years ago no missionaries were cident to the Board of Foreign Mis· allowed to locate in Kuweit, and thc col· sions, "we have been met by a judgporteur had been put to sea in an open boat ment of the work we have done. shortly before we were in Arabia. What Hindu and Moslem alike say to us a contrast now in the two good hospitals, 'That was the sort of work Jesus two excellent missionary homes and three taught men to do.' " This furnishes rented buildings, as well as in great friendli· further proof of what workers in ness of the sheikhs of recent vears. India say so often; namely, that Dr. and Mrs. Grenfell had be~n in Baghdad thoughtful Indians are making the just before us and Dr. Grenfell has quoted principles of Jesus the test of con- Bishop Gwynne as saying that "the stone duct. wall of Mohammedanism is being under· mined by loving deeds and Christ'. Spirit in "The Children's City" illuminative lives." ONE of the great problems of India INDIA lies in the people formerly called Eurasians, but now known as Anglo- Madl'a.. Governor on Missions Indians. A great contribution to the solution of this problem has been made H IS EXCELLENCY THE GOV- by Dr. Grahame, who is described as ERNOR OF MADRAS in a rc- "one of the most brilliant missioncent address at Coonoor, said: aries of the Free Church of Scot- land. " In 1889 he and his wife went I sometimes think that we who stand to Kalimpong in the eastern lIimaoutside are not sufficiently interested in mis· layas, and a strong Christian comsion work and do not pay sufficient gratitude munity has been built up there among to the workers. If we hear of any sudden the people of the mountains. He deed of heroism or if we hear of the story carried in his heart, however, the of saving a life in which courage is dis· memory of the waifs of mixed parentplayed, if we hear any story of a romantic age whom he had seen on the strcet" adventure of exploration under conditions of of Calcutta, and in 1900, with the great danger and difficulty, we are at once help of the Governor of Bengal, he thrilled and rightly thrilled, but do we opened at Kalimpong a home for six always recognize that side by side with us of them. Today the "St. Andrew's in our daily life are living a body of men Colonial I-ffimes, " generally known as and women who are daily leading lives of "the Children's City, " have a populaheroism, who are living far away from their tion of 625 boys and girls, with a homes—-and in homes not always such as community of seventy-house moththey would have chosen in the land of their ers, teachers, and others-who minisadoption-far away from their friends in ter to them. The Queen Mary School isolated posts and having none of the is one of the largest and most efficient amenities of lifet They are often called secondary schools in BengaL The upon to meet sudden epidemics, and all this twenty cottages are scattered up and they are doing quietly and unostentatiously, down the mountain-side, each a real year after year, giving the very best of their lives. We do not always pay to them the gratitude which we ought, and which on behalf of those outside the mission fiold I am so anxious to offer this evening.

Three Religions Fight Oholera DURING a recent outbreak of . cholera on the Birbhum district of Bengal, India, a Mohammedan, a Hindu and the Rev. and Mrs. Halsey

1925J NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

home under the care of a good mother. precaution was taken to screen the The children are taught the dignity royal traveler from public view. The of labor. The old boys and girl~ aeroplane was placed in the aeroscattered over the world, look back on drome so that the door was on the far Kalimpong with loving thoughts. side from the onlookers, and no men were allowed in the vicinity. The Indianizing Church Council" Maharani arrived in a closed motor- car with blinds drawn tightly, the car AT a recent meeting of the Bombay drew up close to the machine, and Council of the new United Church Her Highness, very heavily veiled, of India (North) the most important stepped out. The pilot stood with his discussion was on the relation of for- back turned so that he could not see eign missionaries to the Church Coun- his distinguished passenger j he had cils at present being formed. The de- previously instructed the Maharani's cision reached was as follows: "(1) English lady companion how to get Ordained foreign missionaries shall be into the aeroplane, and when he heard admitted to the roll of ministers only the cabin door close and was told that under Article XII (g) with regard to all was right, he climbed into his own the admission of ministers from other place and made the ascent. Thus communions. When so admitted they maintaining strict purdah, the Mahashall be full members of the Council, rani of Bhartpur and her attendants and be under its discipline, and shall made a flight over the old imperial cease to be members of any other city of Delhi. On landing, similar similar Church Court. (2) Whereas precautions were observed." under the above section it will be necessary for ordained foreign mis- The Late C. R. Das sionaries to sever their connection with their own Church and whereas AMEMORIAL service for the late it is realized that, on account of their C. R. Das of India was held in peculiar relation to their mission com- International House, New York City, mittees, there will be difficulty in the in July. The Dnyanodaya of Bombay case of some in severing their connec- gives this estimate of him: "Probtion with their own Church, the Coun- ably no man in recent Indian history cil may annually elect as correspond- has stirred so much animosity as did ing members, with the right of vote, the late Mr. C. R. Das whose sudden not more than three ordained foreign death took place at Darjeeling last missionaries, provided no rcpresenta- week. Criticized mercilessly by those tion is secured under the above sec- of his countrymen who swore by Nontion. " There was some discussion of cooperation, because he sought to a compromise measure which placed make use of the Councils in ac- Indian and foreign ordained minis- cordance with his own lights and his ters on exactly the same level, but only own conscience, Mr. Das was fired into three of the fifteen present voted for with equal severity by the Europeans it. and their sympathizers who were so often infuriated because he differed at Purdah in an Aeroplane least as much from them-probably a great deal more. One of his greatest THE presence of an English aero- achievements has been that he helped anut in India led the Maharaja of to bring home to Mr. Gandhi as prob- Bhartpur recently to take a short ex- ably no one else did, the utter imcursion in the air. His wife, the practicability of much of his policy Maharani, then wished to do the same. and compelled the iron will of the The Foreign Field says: "The diffi- :lHahatma to agree to the Swarajist culty was that Her Highness keeps course of action in recent months strict purdah and the trip had there- …… All impartial witnesses of the fore to be so arranged that her 'se- battle he has fought will agree that clusion' should not be violated. Every

there was a vein of noble idealism in idge on July 20, 1925 directed Secre. many of his public utterances, and tary Mellon to remit the balance of that his handing over all his property the Boxer indemnity fund, amounting for the beneiit of his countrymen, an to $6,137,552, to be used in the pro· act he performed several months ago, motion of scientific education in was one of the mo~t characteril'ltic China. The money will be turned things of his whole career." over to the trustees of the China Foundation for the Promotion of CHINA Education and Culture composed of nine Chinese and five Americans China Inland Mission Jubilee created by mandate of the President of China on Sept. 17, 1924, for the THE sixtieth anniversary of the custody and control of the remitted founding of the China Inland Mis· funds. The funds are to be used for sian has been wideIv celebrated. On the" development of scientific knowl. edge and the application of such June 25, 1865, Rev. J. Hudson Taylor, kno'ledge to the conditions in China through the promotion of technical following a call of God to reach in· training of scientific research, experi. land China with the Gospel, wrote in mentation and demonstration, and the margin of his Bible: "Prayed for training in science teaching, and to twenty·four willing, skillful laborers the advancement of cultural enter· at Brighton. " This number was prises of a permanent character, such asked for in order to supply two for as libraries and the like." each of eleven provinces still without a missionary, and two for Mongolia. Chinese Bible Pictures God's answer finds partial expres· REV. E. G. TEWKSBURY, secre· sion in the following record of that tary for China of the World's mission to the end of 1924 :-More Sunday School Association, writes: than 2,000 missionaries sent out in 60 "All Sunday·school work must in· years, of whom 1,134 are still on creasingly become indigenous, if it is active service in 15 provinces, besides to root and grow in the Orient. Not Chinese Turkestan and the borders of only in the Lesson Note preparation Mongolia and Tibet; $15,000,000 re· but also in pictures is the China Sun· ceived and used in the work; present day School Union seeking to make its stations 258; out·stations 1,764; material more indigenous. A Chinese chapels, 1,518; hospitals 13; dis· Christian artist has been employed on pensaries 91; schools 545; paid full time especially for this Bible il· Chinese workers 2,211; voluntary lustrative work. It will be interest· Chinese workers 2,150; churches ing to watch his work, as he attempts 1,165; communicant members 64,350 ; to make the Bible live for his coun· baptized in 1924, 5,779; baptizer! trymen. There is but little hope that since commencement of work 104,820. the majority of the present genera· tion of adult illiterates can ever learn Balance of Boxer Indemnity to read fluently with the old Chinese characters, nor, for that matter, with ONE of China's chief reasons for the Roman or any other phonetic considering America her friend alphabet. They must depend for their has been the well·known decision of knowledge of the Bible on the spokeu Congress in 1908 to reduce the share word or their memory, unless in some of the United States in the Boxer In· way we can tell them the Bible stories demnity by about $10,000,000, and to without words. The Sundav School request the Chinese Government to Union is making an attempt to do use the money for educational pur· this, at least with some of the Bible poses. In consequence, Tsing H ua stories, and in this attempt we are College, from which so many Chinese students have come to the Uniterl States, was established. Acting on a second Congressional joint resolution, passed May 21, 1924, President Cool·

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

following out a Chinese proverb which study tendencies and developments in says' A thousand words are not equal the Christian program throughout the to one look.' " world. The President, Vice-President and Secretary-Treasurer, respectively Shanghai Opiu:m Raid a Y. M. C. A. man, a China Inland missionary and a Presbvterian mis- THE 1925 report of the China In- sionary, constitute the ex"ecutive com- land Mission contains the follow- mittee with the addition of one repreing significant statement: " Reports sentative from. each of the other misfrom many provinces tell of vast areas sions or churches. A recent subject given over again to the cultivation of for discussion was, "What can we the poppy, and evidence is constantly foreign Christians in Chefoo do to forthcoming to prove the existence of better conditions during the coming widespread organizations for the summer 1" The main issue considered smuggling of the drug. In one house was the control, limitation, or elimiwhich was raided in Shanghai an nation of bars and brothels opened for astonishing series of secret passages the patronage of American sailors. were discovered with cupboards containing opium valued at $1,250,000. Chinese Bible Study Methods Documents revealed an immense organization for the import of opium DAVID R. PIPER, in an interestfrom abroad. In one of the contracts ing article in the New Century seized the following words occurred: S. S. Teacher's Monthly, quotes a mis- 'The navy, army and police will gen- sionary from Siam, who said: "China erally assist in the protection of the is the coming Christian nation of the goods. ' The names of firms at Con- world; the Chinese Christians put the stantinople, in Switzerland and in teachings of Christ into practice in all Japan, as well as Chinese, were men- their daily relationships more perfecttioned. A telegraphic code for deal- ly and more sincerely than any othel' ing in opium, heroin, morphia and Christian people the world over." cocaine was found, as well as con- rfhe explanation of this and similar tracts made out in dollars, yen, sterl- statements Mr. Piper finds in the ing and Turkish currency amounting methods which have been followed for to millions of dollars. Such cases years by Chinese Sunday-school throw a glaring light on the scandal- classes, and which are described in an ous proceedings connected with this article in The China Sunday School baneful traffic. Even the present J mtrnal: The lesson period opens hostilities in China are being called it w"ith presentation of a problem based 'drug war,' since the various war on the lesson truth, but taken from lords, with the honorable exception real life, which the class immediately of Marshal Feng, are said to be re- begins to discuss. If the claRs is large sponsible for nine tenths of the com- it is divided into groups of five or six, pulsory cultivation of the drug in and since there is plenty of time, with that country. " no half-hour limit as in American Sunday-schools, the groups reassemble A Christian Fellowship Group and continue the discussion by means of group spokesmen giving to the AN organization bearing this name, whole class the best points brought composed of nearly one hundred out in the group discussion. This, the missionaries and foreign Christian leaders of the China Sunday School business people, has been formed in Union believe, accounts for the high Chefoo, China. Its purpose is to un- quality and thoroughgoing sincerity derstand the points of view of the displayed in the lives of Chinese various elements that compose it, to Christians. They study Bible truth discuss common problems, and to always in its actual relation to their real life problems.

Demands on Mis.ion Schools countries were present, and it was re- ported that there are one hundred SPEAKING especially of conditions Presbyterian denominations in the in the Island of Hainan, the world-twenty-nine on the continent Board of Foreign Missions of the of Europe, eleven in Great Britain Presbyterian Church in the U. S. A. and Ireland, fourteen in Asia, sixteen says in its latest report: "China's in Africa, thirteen in North America. only hope is in the kind of men that The rest are in South America, the the Christian schools are producing. West Indies and Australasia. An in- Mere education will not produce the teresting development was the recomresults; in Hainan some of the worst mendation of the business committee grafters are graduates of government that the eastern and western sections schools; two of the leaders of bandit of the executive commission appoint armies in Hainan are graduates of committees to confer together and regovernment middle (high) schools. port their findings to the next con- A school without Christianity fails as ference on the subject of an Alliance a rule to prepare public-spirited, creed. There was by no means honest and efficient leaders. The unanimity in the Alliance favoring Chinese, people are now realizing this the forming of a creed, or a declarafact. Officials and gentry, prominent tory statement of faith. This was business and professional people, are favored largely by men from Amersending their children to the mission ica. schools as never before. The crowd of students which yearly gathers for Our Unfinished Task the entrance examinations in the middle schools of Kiungchow City il- AFRICA contains 42,000,000 Molustrates the Chinese determination hammedans. to get an education which will fit them for the modern world and pre- Of the 3,600,000 people of Madagaspare them to be leaders in the future car, 3,000,000 are heathen. Republic. The student class is changing :faster and absorbing more new Siam, "Kingdom of the Free," has ideas than any other class in China. 87,000 Buddhist priests and 13,000 Their school books and equipment are Buddhist temples. beginning to compare favorably with those found abroad. The demand Multitudes among the 340,000 Inupon the mission schools has been far dians of the United States still believe in excess of the accommodations and in the old pagan faiths of their anit has been very difficult to meet the cestors. arguments put forward by some of the parents, who have illBisted on the Of the people of India, 216,000,000 schools taking their boys. The prob- are Hindus, 69,000,000 are Mohammelem has been to sift out not only good dans, 11,000,000 are Buddhists, 10,- students, and worthy ones, but to try 000,000 are animists, and less than to admit those to whom the mission 5,000,000 are Christians. could look forward for the leadership in the churches in Hainan." In our Philippine Islands there are 300,000 heathen animists, 500,000 GENERAL Mohammedans, 1,500,000 independent Catholics and 8,000,000 Roman Catho- Pan.Presbyterian Oonference lics. The population as a whole totals about 11,000,000. AT the meeting of the Alliance of Reformed Churches Throughout China still has more than 300,000,- the World Holding the Presbyterian 000 adherents of heathen religions. System held in Cardiff, Wales, in J'une, 323 delegates from twenty-three More than 118,000 Shintoist temples and shrines are to be found in Japan. Buddhist temples total more than 70,000. These two religions number at least 72,000,000 of the 77,000,000 people.-The Continent.

MISSJ[ONARY

'Ihe Syrians in America. Philip K. Hitti. very few Protestants identify them- 12mo., 139 pages, 1 map, 7 illustrations. selves with any church. The Syrians $1.00. New York. 1924. in America are widely scattered; they were members of an Evangelical This volume of the Racial Studies church in Syria which was the only in the New American Series should one of its kind, and they are confused find a cordial welcome among all in- by the multiplicity of denomination8 terested in Christian work among the and do not know where they belong. immigrant peoples in the United There has been little systematic effort States, both because, it releases an- on the part of the Protestant churches other of the valuable manuscripts of America to win even those who originally prepared for the Inter- have come as Protestants. Thus the church World Movement, and because work of foreign missionaries is set at of the real contribution which the naught by the indifference of Ameribook makes to our knowledge con- can Christians to their immigrant cerning the subject. neighbors. Although the Syrians are great readers, the only religious liter- Although Syria was the birthplace ature available for Syrians in their of both Judaism and Christianity, and own tongue is that published by .the "has been of greater significance to Russellites. Dr. Hitti points out that mankind, spiritually and materially, "kindliness, free from condescension, than any other single country in the and readiness on the part of ~;merican world," most Americans know little congregations to extend the hand of about modern Syria or of the people fellowship" are proper agencies of who live there, and still less concern- missionary work among them. "After ing the thousands who have left that all is said and done, " he remarks, "it land to take up their abode in Amer- is not the pastor, the religious worker, ica. Dr. Hitti was born in Mt. or the official representative of the ~banon, was partly educated in church, but the ordinary man and Beirut, and is now serving his people woman with whom the immigrant there, but he spent much time in deals that is going to determine his America where he earned unusual attitude toward Christian America." scholastic recognition. His description of the life of his countrymen, K. D. M. both in Syria and in the United States, is vivid, interesting and true. Dia~nosing the Rural Church. C. Luther Those interested in foreign missionary work in Syria will read with Fry. 234 pp. $1.50. New York. 1924.

profit Dr. Hitti's account of the effect This painstakingly accurate study of Protestant missionary effort on the is of especial value to denominational religious situation in Syria as well as executives, field secretaries, and pas- on the lives of those who have emi- tors of country churches. As Profes- grated to America. sor Franklin H. Giddings says in the While most of the 200,000 Syrians foreword it is: "An outstanding ex- living in this country retain their ample of the best scientific workman- allegiance to their old world faiths, ship. These findings are significant- whether to the Greek Orthodox, l1ar- and in certain instances perhaps un- .

onite, or Greek Catholic Churches, or expected, and a bit startling. They to the non-Christian Mohammedan, add richly to our knowledge of this Druze or Nusayriyyah faiths, while field."

733

The main divisions of the subject mighty have rejected it. Many outare" Measuring the Church" j "Comparing Individual Churches"; and castes in India have become educated "Comparing Church Life Past and Present." In estimating the worth of and have risen to distinction. The the church in the rural field, which includes the open country and the wonderful story of the "untouchsmall town, the author rejects the money measure, and the number of ables," their down-trodden life and members, as the best criterion, advocating instead the test of attendance the effect orfeatdhiengG. ospWelitahmouotngunthdeemr~ as the most accurate gauge of the is worth effectiveness of the church. standing these submerged millions at J. F. R. the base of the Indian pyramid, one The Expectation of Siam. Arthur 3. Brown. 12mo. 204 pp. Illus. Paper, 50 cents; cannot understand the present or the Cloth, 75 cents. New York. 1925. future of India. Siam is unique as a mission field in that it is exclusively the field of the The Gospel Romance in the Huts of the Presbyterian Church in the U. S. A. Punjab. Howard E. Anderson. Dlus. The American Bible Society does col- 12mo. 133 pp. $1.25. New York. 1925. portage w'ork j otherwise the Presbyterians have the field, north and south, These pen and ink sketches show to themselves; and they have done a the outlines, the lights and shadows, remarkable work, as Dr. Brown clear- of missionary life among North India ly shows. peasants. The chapters are readable pictures of what the missionary saw The book is a readable and reliable in five and one-half years-including history of Siam, its people, progress, a wedding and a funeral, but chiefly races, religions and missionary work. everyday scenes in the villages and The people are simple and childlike jungles. Buddhists and Animists. The royal family has been friendly to Christian Hero Tales from Mission Lands. W. P. missions and has helped financially Nairne and Arthur P. Shepherd. 8vo. the hospital and educational work. A 238 pp. $1.75 net. New York. 1925. remarkable line of American missionaries-such as Abeel, House, Taylor, We realize more fully the great MacGilliway, Dodd, Dunlap, Briggs number of true heroes in the mission and McLean- have done pioneer fields as we read these brief biographwork and have borne the burden and ical sketches written for. adolescent heat of the day. The story of their boys. The twenty-two heroes whose discoveries, their hardships and their stories of brave adventure and sacritriumphs are here briefly told to in- fice are told here are Columba of spire the reader. In this little volume, Iona, Eliot and Bompas among the many will find fascinating excursions American Indians; Morrison, Moule, into a little-known mission field. Taylor, Stott, Hill, Peill and Jackson of China; Schwartz, Edwardes and India's Outcastes. Rev. W. S. Hunt. 12mo. Pennell of India; Mrs. Judson of Paper. 112 pp. Is, 6d. London. 1925. Burma; Hannington and Stewart of Africa; Armstrong and Booker Wash- The great Christward mass move- ington among the American Negroes ments in India have been and are and the native Christian converts among the outcastes of the villages. Lomai of the New Hebrides, Han-Ue- The poor and ignorant, the despised Lan of China and Sundar Singh of and weak have been ready, as in for- India. mer days, to accept the Good News where the rich and learned and These area very few selected al- most at random f,rom the possible missionary Hall of Fame.. The sto- ries are well told, with historic intro- ductions and questions, but they serve better to give adult teachers the main facts of the heroes' lives than as inspiring thrillers for adolescent boys. There is not enough of the detailed dramatic incident to captivate story revolves about the taking of the attention of the average energetic moving pictures. Highways and youth of today. Ford cars, railways, the camera- these devices of civilization and the Little Children of Mission Lands. Mary changes implicit in them seem to have Entwl<tle. Illus. 12mo. 199 pp. $1.75 interested the young people to whom net. New York. 1925. I loaned the book-these, and the mis- sionary adventure. They expressed 'I'he life of babies in China, Africa, surprise at the roads and the auto- Persia, South Sea Islands, North mobiles in Africa, and one and an- America, Arabia, India, Japan, Green- other said that the book certainly did land, Syria, Jamaica and elsewhere is make a fellow think about being a described for children of primary age. missionary. This comment, I feel 'fhese interesting facts about homes, sure, would please the author more clothes, games, food and habits will than any other of the favorable comgive mothers and teachers excellent ments. I suppose this is the hidden material with which to help the chil- ivory of her own quest. J. K. M. dren of America and England become friends of the children of other lands.

Today'. Supreme Challenge to America. Yourself and Your Body. By Wilfred T. Rev. J. F. Love. 12mo. 101 pp. $1.25. Grenfell. Illustrated with drawings by New York. 1925. the Author. 12mo. 324 pp. $2.50. New York. The secretary of the Southern Baptist Board of Foreign Missions makes As a Christian thinker and worker, an earnest appeal for a g,reat forward a physieian and a father of boys, Dr. missionary movement. America has Grenfell tells, in a fascinating way, unusual resources, position and abil- the story of the organism and the ity for leadership. Striking facts are functions of the human body. His presented in an impressive way that purpose is to impress on youthful and will prove very helpful to pastors in ignorant minds the wonderful and inpresenting the challenge to their con- tricate body that the ego inhabits· gregations. he unfolds the laws that must be ob: served to keep it in health and ready The Quest of the Hidden Ivory. By for the highest service. His story is Josephine Hope Westervelt. 12mo. 226 simple, though many of the terms used pp. $1.75. New York. 1924. are so teehnical as to need explana- tion to young people; many of his 'I'his story about Africa East is a 190 pencil drawings are unique and juvenile and a good one. 'fhe ad- humorous, but they truly illumine the ventures, and these are many, proceed text. against a background of an authentic Africa. :Miss Westervelt has known First Dr. Grenfell des:)ribes the how to pack her fiction with fact, so marvelous living machinery of the that the reader is truly enriched in body and shows the difference between knowledge. the body and the spirit or ego that inhabits it. Next comes a m'ore de- The tale is about hidden treasure tailed account of the framework and and danger and heroic achievements. how it is built, the units that make up The heroes are boys of the high school the skeleton; the motors (or muscles) age; the properties are not skimped- are described, the wires of communicaeither of animals, savages, forests, tion (nerves), the life fluid (blood) saial'is, pigmies, or other desired and the pump, pipes and furnace African ingredients. There is a faith- that comprise the eirculating system ful dog. There is a witch doctor and and maintain health. The" building a black queen. But to these Miss department" relates to food and its Westervelt has wisely added the use; the "department of public fresh interest of these commercial ad- health and disposition of refuse " reventures which are so large a factor fers to the digestive system; the in the life of modern Africa. The "sentinels" are the ears, eyes, nose the China Inland Mission. On a and the senses of taste and touch. "faith" basis the income of the mis- The chapter on "overalls" relates to sion is now over $800,000 a year and the skin and its care. Then comes a the total number of Chinese baptized description of the talking machine and in these missions has grown to 105,- the reproductive system. The final 000. The number of converts has chapter deals with" Defenses and De- doubled in the last ten years.

fenders "-glands, diseases, vaccines, antitoxins and other preventions and Education in East Africa. Report prepareu remedies. by T. J esse Jones for the Second C()lnmis- sion of the Phelps·Stokes Fund. Maps There could scarcely be a more in- and IIlus. 8 VO. 4,16 pp. New York and teresting and practical book on the London. 1925.

subject for those who wish to teach The second Education Commission the youth to understand and to care sent to Africa under the auspices of for their bodies. Dr. Grenfell men- the Phelps-Stokes Fund in cooperation tions the theory of evolution as being with the International Education held by some people but he does not Board, traveled around the continent champion the theory or dwell on it. but spent most of its time studying Missionaries will find valuable sug- conditions in East Africa – Kenya gestions here for teaching physiology Colony, Uganda, Tanganyika, Nyasato those who are ignorant of it. The land, Zanzibar, Rhodesia, Basutoland, book will help many to make the most Portuguese East Africa and Abysof life here, though naturally it does sinia. The result is a very complete not refer to the importance of the life and careful report of present condihereafter. tions, the government school system, How to Live. By Irving Fisher anU. Eugene the mission schools, European in- Lyman Fisk. 8vo. 541 pp. $2.00 net. fluences and excellent summaries and New York. 1925. recommendations. It is full of in- formation and sage advice, worthy of The fact that in the past ten years the attention of every missionary, adthis book (now revised and enlarged) ministrator and government interhas passed through seventeen editions ested in Africa. is enough of a recommendation. It is a non-technical compendium of The Lost Treasure of Umdilla, Annie M. rules for healthful living and has Barnes. IIIus. 12 mo. 224 pp. $1.50.

been prepared in collaboration with New York. 1925.

the Board of the Life Extension In- Mollie and Billy Stewart, two stitute. The chapters deal with air, young people, who went to visit food, poisons, activity, individual and Africa with their father, had some public hygiene and other subjects. strange experiences and some exciting Among the new topics discnsRcd are adventures. The story is interestingly aviation, birth-control, bootleg-liquor, told for 'teen age boys and girls and and vitamines. Special chapters are carrje~ a stirring missionary message.

devoted to the effects of alcohol and without moralizing.

narcotics, tobacco, how to avoid coldH, exercises, infection of ton~ils and Nature's Mighty Wonders. Richard New- ton. Illn8. 12 mo. 184 pp. 18, 9d net. teeth, organic diseases and eugenicR. Glasgow. 1925. Missionaries and households will -find here very valuable and diversified in- This new edition of an old book of formation for themselves and thcir sermons for children by a famous neighbors. preaeher of the past is run of beau- tiful, helpful thoughts. The sun, Our Magnificat. Pamphlet. 6d. China In- moon, stars, light, air, clouds, trees land Mission. London. 1925. and flowers are all used to teach A jubilee peon of praise on the lessons applicable to all ages, times occasion of the sixtieth anniversary of and races.