The Missionary Review of the World — December 1938

1938

"What a Time to Be in China 1"

Courtenay H. Penn The Call of the Dyacks of Borneo R. A. Jaf/ray Christian Sadhus and Ashrams w. Q. Lash What Is the Koran?

E. E. Elder The Privilege of Preaching to Moslems -Stephen Khoobyar Presenting the Gospel in Brazil E. M. Do Amaral The Prime Needs of a City Church G. H. Bechtold 25 Cents a Copy $2.50 a Year

to. Remember LET CHRISTMAS COME T:O

December 6-9-Biennial meeting of The chUdren of war.torn China. orphaned. abandoned. hopeless. lift appealing the Federal Council of Churches, hands. Your prayers and aid wUlllive them a Christian Christmas. Buffalo, N. Y. HOME OF OMESIPHORUI December 13-30 – International Mis- sionary Council, Madras, India. TAIAN. SHANTUNG. CHINA December 30-31 – All-India Confer- Thill faith work. one of the largest Christian institutions in the Orient. has saved ence of Indian Christians, Madras, thousands. Founded more than two decades ago by the Rev. and Mrs. Anglin. India. Thousands of earnest Christians have been blessed by sharin. their means in this ministry. Your help now will make Christmas a time of joy for hopeless chUdren January 8-10, 1939 – Home Missions and a time of reaping a great harvest of souls for the Kingdom. Council, Baltimore, Md. Write today for FREE picture and story of Chinese girl shown in this ad; January 21-25 – Cause and Cure of also receive "Helping China's Helpless." If God speaks to your heart, War Conference, Washington, D. C. enclose cheCk or money order or indicate willingness to join in prayer for God'. blessing on this work. Addres.: January 23-February IS-Iowa School for Missionaries. Iowa State College, HOME OF ONESIPHORUS American Office Ames, Iowa. 2811 North Racine Avenue Drawer 36 Chicago, Illinois February 6-l4-International Council of Religious Education, Chicago, Ill. Hughes was born in Atlanta, Ga., sev- Amoy, China, under the Reformed enty-two years ago. Church in America, died at Hemp- FLORIDA CHAIN OF MISSION- stead, L. I., on November 12th at the ARY ASSEMBLIES *** age of 85. She was born in China, the daughter of the Rev. John Van January 24-26-Jacksonville. Miss Annabel Galt, retired mission- Nest Talmadge, a missionary, and January 25-27-Daytona Beach. ary of the Presbyterian Board, died in after being educated in America re- January 28-February I-Miami. Orlando, Fla., October 3. Miss Galt turned for her long service in Amoy January 29-31-Ft. Lauderdale. went to Siam in. 1891, and was sta- and came to America only last year, February l-3-Palm Beaches. tioned at Petchaburi for eight years. suffering from the effects of a frac- February 4-8-0rlando. From 1900, she was connected with tured hip. February 5-7-DeLand. Bangkok Christian College as teacher February 9-l0-Sarasota. of English. In addition to this work *** February 8-l0-Ft. Myers. she taught Bible classes, prepared and February 11-I6-St. Petersburg. edited several textbooks in Siamese, Mrs. A,no Liza Gulick, the widow February l2-15-Clearwater. aided in planning and developing the of the Rev. O. H. Gulick, formerly a February 17-18-Southern College. women's organizations in the local and missionary to Japan under the Amer- February 19-21-Tampa. National church, and worked in the ican Board of Commissioners for For- February 19-21-Winter Haven. Sunday school and community. eign Missions, died in Honolulu on February 22-23-Quincy. October 9th at the age of 105. She February 23-24-Tallahassee. *** was born in the Hawaiian Islands and February 24-26-All College. later attended Mt. Holyoke College, The Rev. John B. Dunlap, D.D., an Massachusetts. She was married to Obituary Notes honorably retired missionary from Mr. Gulick in 1855 and went to Japan Siam of the Presbyterian Church, where they remained until 1892 when Dr. Murdoch MacKenzie, of the U. S. A., died in Los Gatos, California they returned to Hawaii to work United Church of Canada, widely on September 22nd. He was born in among the Japanese. known by reason of nearly fifty years' New Alexandria, Pa., on Sept. 12, service for missions in Honan, China, 1860, and after being graduated from THf PRfSBYTfRIAn died recently. Dr. Murdoch was born Washington and Jefferson College and eighty years ago in Scotland. In Western Theological Seminary, he (0 The only weekly in the 1883, he went to Canada, was educated sailed for Siam in 1888 and remained Presbyterian Church. in McGill University, and the Presby- there for forty years, teaching and terian Seminary in Montreal; in 1889, doing extensive evangelistic work. He (. Its message is based upon he was sent to Honan, and with Dr. also prepared a Siamese hymnal and the Revealed Word of God. Jonathan Goforth had many perilous directed the work of the Mission Press experiences. Dr. MacKenzie was a in Bangkok. (0 Goes into every state in man of profound and devout scholar- the Union, U. S. possessions ship, upon which he drew with untir- *** and many foreign countries. ing energy in the training of a native ministry. The Rev. Masue Kawazoe, veteran Subscription rate – $2.50 pastor of the Church of Christ in J a- Ministerial rate . . $2.00 Shortly before his death, he realized pan (the Presbyterian and Reformed a long-cherished desire to visit the Church) died July 11th at his home SOc. extra..Canadian postage Holy Land, and a farewell visit to his in Tokyo. Mr. Kawazoe. was born in $1.50 extra.. Foreign postage native Scotland. Kochi sixty-nine years ago, was bap'- tized at seventeen, educated at MeJji THE PRESBYTERIHn *** Gakuin, Tokyo, and Auburn Semi- nary, New York. After being or- 121 7 Market Street Samuel Bryant, Treasurer of the dained in 1898, he was pastor of Philaclelphia, Pa. American Baptist Home Mission So- churches in Nagasaki, Osaka and ciety since 1919, died at his home in Tokyo. He was a member of the Palisades Park, N. Y., September 21. Committee on the Revision of the He had devoted eight of the nineteen New Testament, on the editorial staff years of service without salary. of the Christian Literature Society of Japan, formerly dean of the Theo- *** logical Department of Meiji Gakuin. president emeritus of the Japan Theo- Mrs. Isabel Hughes, wife of Bishop logical Seminary, former president of Edwin H. Hughes of the Methodist the Synod of the Church of Christ in Episcopal Church, died in Washing- Japan, pastor emeritus of the Aoyama ton, D. C., September 16, after an ill- Church, Tokyo. and one of the foreness of more than two years. Mrs. most Japanese scholars of New Testa- ment Greek.

*** Miss Katharine M. Talmadge. for sixty-four years a missionary in

Malwa-the Great Temple THE

REVIEW OF THE WORLD When Ihe good wOl'k calls you Easl … sail DBLAVAN L. PIBBBON, BeUtor p&O VOL. LXI DEC., 1938 No. 12 Publication and Buslnesa Ollie&– Third and Reily Ste., Harrlsburl, Pa.

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BOARD OF DIRECTORS ROBBRT E. SPBBR, President A. L. WABNBlIUIB, V'CtI-Prerilknt W ALTER MCDOUGALL, Treasurer DELAVAN L. PIBBSON, Secretaf'1/ PAUL J. BRAISTED SAKUBL MCCREA CAVERT D. J. FANT MRS. ORRIN R. JUDD WK. B. LIPPllABD ERIC M. NORTH SAMUBL M. ZWEKER 1938 marks the second century of P & 0 Editorial Chat The great white Empresses hold service to the lands beyond Suez! When- every speed record to and from ever you are called to the other side of Here endeth our sixty-first volume the Orient. 10 days direct to the world, choose this traditional route. of THE REVIEW. But another volume Yokohama by Empress of Asia Cross to England by Cunard White Star begins with the January number. or Empress of Russia. Or only . . • and then embark in a great liner of This coming year is one that you will three days more via Hawaii by the P & 0 and British India fleets, led not wish to miss. Never were there Empress of Japan, largest and by the new 23,SOO-ton Stratheden and greater problems that face the Church fastest on the Pacific, or Empress Strathallan, featuring air-conditioned of Christ in China, Korea, Japan, In- of Canada. Connect at Honolulu dining saloons in first-class, hot and cold dia, Europe, and America. Never was from California ports. running water throughout, built-in out- there greater need for Christ and His From Vancouver and Victoria of-door swimming pools, children's play- Gospel; never were there larger op- to Yokohama, Kobe, Nagasaki, rooms! Regular service to Egypt, Sudan, portunities or greater encouragements. Shanghai, Hong Kong, Manila. Iranian Gulf, India, Burma, Ceylon, THE REVIEW will keep you informed Details from YOUR TRAVEL Straits Settlements, China, Japan, Aus- on these points and on progress all AGENT or Canadian Pacific,: tralia, East and South Africa, Mauritius. over the world. 41 offices in U. S. and Canada. Special reductions and generous baggage allowance for missionaries. *** Convenient through bookings can be ar- In 1939 we plan to take up the most important topics discussed at the rangedby your travel agent or any office of Madras Conference, together with rad- ical changes proposed in missionary CUNARD WHITE STAR LINE policies and methods. Mrs. Howard Taylor is to tell in our January issue General Agents the inspiring story of how God guided the program of the China Inland Mis- 25 Broadway and 638 Fifth Avenue, N. Y. sion in North America. It is a story that all should read.

A number of pastors and mission- ary executives will tell "How to In- terest Men in Missions." The answers they give are illuminating for they come from experience.

Here is the c*om*men*t of one reader as to the value of THE REVIEW: "We have been delighted with THE REVIEW. Please enter our subscrip- tion sufficiently in advance so that we will not miss any of the issues. We do not care to be without the mag- azine. It is a source of spiritual power and inspiration to us."

MRS. HOWARD THOMAS, American Presbyterian Mission, Kiulung- kiang, Yunnan, China.

[561 ]

~ C!Cbristian C!Cbristmas :!fMessage

FROM JAPAN TO CHINA* DEAR BROTHERS AND SISTERS: I ask your pardon for my nation. Because of what. we are doing, I cannot preach in the Name of Christ. … I ask your attention to this fact; however, that even in Japan the majority of the Japanese people were against sending any troops to China. We Christians were bit- terly opposed to it. Therefore pardon us, pardon me especially, because our Christian forces were not strong enough to get the victory over the militarists. But the day will come when we shall be strong enough to do so, and when both nations will be harmonious and peaceful in the Name of Christ. . . . We Japanese love China. Where the city of Kyoto stands today there was in former times a colony of Chinese farmers. Because they had the highest culture then known, the Japanese Imperial Household moved to that district. As the city of Kyoto grew up, eighty per cent of its noble families came to be of Chinese descent. Among the immigrant strains in Japan, from the Southern Seas, from Korea, from Siberia, from Mongolia, the one which has contributed the dominant factor to Japanese civilization is from China. Therefore we who know the facts love China. But unless we, in both Japan and China, become more Christian, we shall never have per- manent peace. . . . Sometimes we are very selfish and even some Christians do not see the need of praying. . . . When you are contented, and have no holy ambition to build up the nation, you may have no desire to pray. . . . Oppressed by wars, oppressed by capitalism, op- pressed by the injustice of the present economic social system-can we ignore the needs of men? If we are contented with the sort of world we have at present, there is no use of praying to God. But if we want real peace, and real humanity, real Godliness, there are many problems for the solution of which we must pray. We must pray for each of the nations, for Africa, for India, and for China and Japan. We must pray for world peace, for the uplifting of the poor, for the desert to be made green, for the New Age, for the New Society. We must pray for science to be controlled by conscience. . . .

If you pray, world peace will be realized; the poor will be emancipated. Abraham Lin- coln prayed through the night before he wrote his Emancipation Proclamation. I believe it was because he prayed that the four millions of poor slaves were emancipated.

Unless Christ is glorified in the Orient, the fate of our continent will be very dismal. Un- less we believe in Christ, and deepen our spiritual life with Christian idealism, peace will never come…. Stanley Jones, in his small pamphlet entitled "Christ on the Andes Road,"

tells of how war had long prevailed between Argentine and Chile. After many years a reconcili- ation was suggested, and they came to the conclusion that they must have peace through Christ.

On the top of the mountain range between the two countries a great statue was erected of the Saviour, Christ, stretching out His arms, on the one side blessing Argentine, and on the other side blessing Chile. May the Prince of Peace come thus in the Orient, and bless China on the one hand and Japan on the other! TOYOHIKO KAGAWA.

• From Friends oj Jesus (December. 1931) .

.. IIl~~!IJI!IJI!i!i~~!IJI!i!lJl!i!i!i!i!i:IIl!i»a!i!i~!i!lJl!i!lJli; [562 ] REVIB ORLD VOLUME LXI AN INTERDENOMINATIONAL REVIEW OF WORLD-WIDE CHRISTIAN PROGRESS NUMBER 12 DECEMBER, 1938 Topics of the Times REAL CHRISTMAS GIFTS FOR 1938 moting international peace and a cessation from the building of a great army and air force. The widespread spirit of Christmas giving throughout the world is evidenced by the general Suppose that in Spain, Loyalists and Revoluobservance of Christmas even among the non- tionists should extend to each other the right hand Christians-in music, festivals, cards and the too- of brotherhood and should give themselves to the often formal exchange of gifts. How much of this work of promoting righteousness, brotherly love, activity is truly motivated and directed by the and the rebuilding of their national life on a firm Spirit of Christ? Christians acknowledge that basis. Italy might celebrate their Christmas by giving Ethiopia her freedom and her own people every good gift comes from God – our physical a release from fear. Mexico's gift might be not and mental powers, spiritual things – and are only a square deal for the peons and for the available even though we neglect, reject, despise Church but the right to teach Christianity and a or misuse them. The best gifts are those that no just settlement of questions involved in the conmoney can buy, and that enrich the recipient while fiscation of property.

they do not impoverish the giver. What about England and America? Could not With Himself, Jesus Christ gave the world His Great Britain make a better Christmas gift than love, peace and joy, the forgiveness of sin and 5,000 new bombing airplanes? How would the Life Eternal. Spirit of Christ best be shown in the settlement of Was there ever a time in history when these the Irish question, the problem of Palestine, Homegifts were more needed than today? How much rule in India and in the matter of German colit would mean if they were everywhere received onies? In America the Christmas spirit is not and shared? How infinitely better these would be shown in the increase of armaments and of taxes. than the gift of greater material prosperity for There is abundant opportunity to celebrate in a which men are striving so eagerly – better even settlement of labor difficulties and by giving unthan new laws, than new labor-saving inventions, selfish, efficient government to the nation, states higher wages. or shorter hours of work! and cities. Christ-like Christmas gifts would in- What a difference it would make in the world clude the general observance of laws and customs today if the true Spirit of Christ were manifested that promote purity in the home and personal life ; this year among all nations in the observance of sincerity in the worship of God; brotherly treat- Christmas. Imagine the effect if Japan, moved ment of Negroes, Mexicans and Orientals. Amer- by this Spirit, should give peace to China and true ica might celebrate in a Christ-like way by using religious liberty to the Koreans.. Suppose that her wealth to meet the crying needs of others Soviet Russia should celebrate Christmas by giv- around the world. Would not this be a different world if the love of Christ and a knowledge of ing the right to teach youth to know and worship His Way of Life should direct the Christmas cele- God, freedom to political prisoners and freedom bration of all nations in 1938 and in the years to of the press and speech! What if Germany gave civil rights and freedom from persecution to her come?

Jewish population, freedom from religious and We may not be able to control the giving of the political oppression to pastor Niemoller and other nations, but what about ourselves? As individuals Christians, friendly cooperation to Europe in pro- how can we best show our sense of indebtedness [563 ]

to Christ; how can we truly reveal His Spirit and thousands of Chinese find food, protection and make this a joyful Christmas, effectively carrying loving sympathy.

forward the work that He came to do-in our own Z. Should missionaries leave their stations to lives, in our home circle, in our nation and in the follow the fleeing Chinese so as to continue or world, to make this a truly joyful Christmas? establish work among them in new centers where little has been done? This course has been fol- MISSIONARY PROBLEMS IN CHINA lowed in the case of faculties of many schools and With the Japanese war-machine pressing on- colleges which have been closed by the Japanese ward in the west and south of China, the Christian advance. The Nanking University work has been missionaries as well as the Chinese find themselves moved to Chengtu in Szechuan; the faculties of in a difficult position. Driving onward up the Soochow College and Schools have been moved to Yangtse River the Japanese have captured Han- Shanghai and elsewhere ; much of the Bethel Miskow, Wuchang and Hanyang where over one hun"- sion of Shanghai has been transferred to Hongdred and fifty American and British missionaries kong or Kowloon, since their property has been have been working under the London Missionary occupied by the Japanese. Foochow College stu- Society, China Inland Mission and the American dents have been moved to a less dangerous. location Protestant Episcopal Church and twenty other further inland, since the Japanese seem to plan missions. In this Wu-Han district are located hos- the destruction of educated Chinese. Thus the pitals, colleges and schools and churches that Christians have sought to conserve their resources mean much for the development of China. Al- and to carryon their work with as· little loss of ready many of the institutions have been moved life and with as much efficiency as possible. westward to Chentu and southward to Hongkong but, with the modern airplane in the hands of a 3. In cases of Japanese occupation and dominaruthless but skilful enemy, no people or place, tion in larger or smaller areas in China, should however remote or peaceful, is exempt from the missionaries remain at their posts as neutrals and devastation wrought by these engines of destruc- serve all within reach-whether Chinese or J aption. The Chinese armies, in spite of intense suf- anese-even cooperating with Japanese for confering and against heavy odds, are still fighting structive work? This view is held by some who courageously to defend themselves and their coun- believe that missionaries are supra-national. Most try from this invasion but the immediate outcome of the missionaries, however, believe that, while is impossibl~ to predict. The Christian mission- they are ready to minister in the Spirit of Christ aries are proving their sacrificial courage, their to all within reach, their first responsibility is to real love for the Chinese and their resourcefulness the Chinese to whom they have gone as ambassain this time of danger. Without their help the dors of Christ. They believe that the Chinese are situation of the Chinese in the war areas would the victims of an unprovoked attack, and realize be infinitely worse; more and more the Chinese that there are still many millions of the people realize this. But the problems of the missionaries who have never yet even heard the Gospel and are many and do not decrease as the war advances. there are many thousands of towns and villages Questions are raised: still without any representative of Christ. They have seen the nobility and faithfulness of Chinese 1. When war threatens their ve'ry existence Christians and believe that this time of fellowship should missionaries close their work and move with them in suffering is opening many Chinese elsewhere to carry on? Some few "neutrals" ad- hearts to Christ and His message of life as never vise this in order to avoid international complica- before. tions. But the missionaries as a whole reject this suggestion as desertion of their posts. and their Christians and the Christian Church have never flocks. While women with children, who could not been exempt from suffering; but history has be of help under war conditions, have been evac- proved, times without number, that the very uated from many stations, the vast number of "gates of hell shall not prevail" against those who missionaries remain at their posts and risk their are loyal to Christ and His program. Victory and deliverance is assured since Christ is the Victor.

lives to serve the Chinese. In one mission seventy THE DILEMMA OF KOREAN CHRISTIANS out of seventy-one stations are still kept open and missionaries continue to serve as ambassadors of Reports from Chosen show the determination Christ and helpers in time of need. Many schools of Japanese officials to compel Korean attendance and colleges are necessarily closed, or have moved at Shinto shrines. At first this order was enforced elsewhere, because of danger to pupils and the only in certain centers and in government schools.

occupation of property by the Japanese soldiers; It was then extended to all Christian colleges and but the hospitals and churches are kept open and schools and now is being enforced for theological mission compounds are used as refuges where seminaries and Bible school students(and teachers.

TOPICS OF THE TIMES

Churches and other institutions are included in gods or to follow the superstitious rites propithe order to set up shrines or to bow before the tiating spirits in Africa and the islands of the sea. Emperor's picture. A refusal on conscientious grounds means rough treatment, imprisonment The situation in Korea is serious. In Formosa and other forms of persecution. the Shinto shrine rule has already been enforced. Apparently "Cresar" has won for the time being The Japanese officials are evidently determined and Christian schools that did not comply have to break down all opposition and are endeavoring been closed. There is danger that the Japanese to create a totalitarian Japanese Empire with ab- will endeavor to enforce the same regulations in solute and unquestioning obedience to every order Manchukuo and in occupied territory in China. of the Government. They recognize no God or Harmony is possible between national loyalty and law of God as of greater authority than the laws loyalty to God but there can be no truce between of the Empire, represented by their "divine" Em- the Japanese conception of Emperor worship and peror. While some officials declare that obeisance the Christian obligation to put God first in every at the shrines of the "Sun Goddess" is merely a phase of life. patriotic observance, they have refused to make any compromise in the ceremony such as will con- WILL MADRAS MEET THE OPPORTUNITY? vince Korean Christians that they can take part in the observance without disloyalty to God as the There is unquestionably a crisis in missions toonly object of worship. day. The conference at Madras, composed of selected delegates from mission churches 'and A crisis came in Chosen at the time of the meet- from American and European missionary leading of the Korean Presbyterian General Assembly ers, will be called upon to face that crisis. They on September 10th. The Japanese police ordered will consider, not so much the lack of missionary every delegate not to oppose going to Shinto candidates and missionary support from the shrines and many who refused were prevented sending churches, as the problems on the fieldfrom attending the Assembly. Missionaries were the promotion of self-support; their independence; asked to sign a statement that they would comply their union or inter-church cooperation in each with the order to advise their people to attend the area; the adequate training of native Christian shrines. They refused; if they attempted to speak leaders; the development of spiritual life in the on the subject at the General Assembly they were churches and homes; the place of education in forcibly prevented by the police who crowded the missions today; but, most of all, there must be an meeting place and sat on the platform. When the earnest study of the promotion of spiritual life, question was put-advising all to attend the of faith and Christlike service in each church and shrines-very few of the delegates responded; the group. Madras must look earnestly and fearlessly negative was not put to vote and some protested. at these problems and must prayerfully and hon- As a result several missionaries have felt it neces- estly seek God's guidance and power for their sary for them to withdraw from the General As- solution. Some present-day problems that form sembly and a committee has been appointed to the crisis seem to us to be as follows: appeal to Tokyo. Should secular education under mission con- The Japanese have also ordered that steps be trol be curtailed in many fields so as to release taken to alter the character and powers of the workers and money for direct evangelistic work. General Assembly, making the Moderator a "legal The church leaders must face this matter couraperson" with authority to act for the whole geously or they may be forced out of this field Church; there are signs that the Korean Church by governments that wish to control education. may be compelled to unite in one organization with the Church in Japan. Some new plan should be formulated whereby churches and institutions in the field will ex- Loyal Korean Christians are suffering in many ercise a greater degree of self-government, and at ways-in prison and out. They offer no objection the same time receive substantial support from to showing loyalty to the Japanese Emperor, to abroad, when they show that they will use it efthe Government and obedience to all righteous fectively. That problem of support must be faced laws; but multitudes take the stand that they and solved. choose persecution and death rather than be disloyal to God. It is' practically the old question More attention must be given to the developraised in Israel by the worship of Baal, in the ment of spirit-filled and intelligent Bible-trained Roman Empire by the order to worship Roman Christian workers in every church and in each gods and in every mission field in recent years field. The means must be found for the increase where Christians have faced persecution because and improvement in such training by schools, they have determined to worship God as revealed institutes and conferences. in Christ rather than acknowledge the prior claims of Mohammec or Buddha, the Hindu or Chinese Union mission enterprises are facing a crisis. If they are to continue they need to be placed on

a firmer spiritual basis, with clearer agreement FIFTY YEARS IN ARABIA as to aims and teachings, and as to the spiritual power, personnel and methods on which their Arabia, the great western Asia peninsula, is abiding success depends. about one third the size of the United States, and with a scattered population of possibly 10,000,000 A new study should be made as to the type of -chiefly nomadic tribes of Arabs, most of them missionary that is needed in order to cooperate hunters, traders and fishermen. There was no harmoniously with the leaders of the native Christian work among them, until in 1886 a churches, to help train spiritual workers, and to young man, Hon. Ion Keith-Falconer, went out do abiding, effective Christlike service. from England and settled in the small British out- post of Aden in southern Arabia. The Arabians How can the churches, and Christian groups in were scarcely touched by the Gospel Message. each field, conserve the essentials of the Christian Then two young Americans had a vision of the message? This includes the eternal, spiritual Neglected Peninsula. James Cantine and Samuel character of God, the Father; the revelation and M. Zwemer – college and seminary graduates, salvation provided in Christ, the Son of God; the connected with the Reformed Church-heard the guidance and power of the Spirit of God; the in- call of God and volunteered to go out as mission- tegrity and authority of the Bible as the Word of aries to these fanatical Moslems, without any God; the essential unity of Christians and their guarantee of Mission Board support. Peter work as witnesses of the redemption brought Zwemer joined them two years later but died in through Christ and His manifestation of the love 1898; the" other two continued the work. They established mission stations on the Persian Gulf, of God. traveled widely over the peninSUla and faced and How, at the same time, can the churches and survived opposition and many dangers. They are now "honorably retired" but still are active in Christians in each field contribute most to the America in behalf of Moslems the world over. promotion of God's control over human life– national, physical, economical, social, mental and After some years the Reformed Church in spiritual; and how can each country be free to America adopted the mission and has since spon- develop its own type of Christlike life and service sored its activities'. Their plans for the jubilee under the leadership of the Holy Spirit, without celebration includes an interesting history of the imitating American and European institutions? fifty years ("The Golden Milestone") prepared by Drs. Cantine and Zwemer; a tour has already But most of all, and affecting all, is the problem been taken among the churches; one secretary, of how the spiritual life of churches, families and Dr. F. M. Potter, has gone out to visit the field; individuals can be promoted most effectively so all Reformed Church congregations are to hold as to carry out the teachings and spirit of Jesus anniversary services on February 26, 1939; a Christ. thanksgiving offering is to be taken and used to strengthen the work; a church-wide study of Here is a large program for the four hundred Arabia is to be undertaken to inform Christians delegates during their two weeks' conference at at home as to the needs and progress of the Madras. The problems are different in Africa, Arabian enterprise. Here is a notable jubilee, Turkey, Iran, Latin America, China, India and worthy of joyful and sacrificial celebration. Japan. But the same principles underly them all and the same Spirit of God must show their solu- God's guiding and governing hand has been tion. China is sending a strong delegation to the clearly evident in the lives of the missionaries and conference but Japan can send very few; India in the development of the work. The evidences of will be well represented but many other fields this are clearly set forth in the history of the Mis- must depend on a small number of native leaders. sion prepared by the founders. Closed doors have America is sending about fifty and Europe (in- been opened, hostile sheikhs have become friendly; cluding Great Britain) as many more. One weak- invitations to visit new districts have been ex- ness will be in the absence of representatives of tended, even by the king, Ibn Saud himself; the independent, nondenominational missions like the interior and the coast have been explored; schools China Inland Mission, Christian and Missionary and hospitals have been established; tons of Alliance, Sudan Interior Mission and other "Faith Bibles and other Christian literature have been Missions." They represent a type of work and distributed; men, women and children have been . missionary ideal that should not be overlooked. won to Christ. Many of the stories of "Arabian Days Evangelism" are as thrilling as those of the It is a time for 'Christians at home to pray for "Arabian Nights Entertainment"; in addition the delegates at Madras and to prepare for the these missionary stories are true and stimUlating messages and the messengers who will be com- to Christian faith. ing back to report and to stir spiritual fires in America and Europe. Was there ever a greater need for a world-wide revival under the banner of Christ?

"What a Time to Be in China!"

By the REV. COURTENAY H. FENN, D.D. I ~. – I For Thirty-four Years a Missionary in China ,~==========================~ T HIS caption, from a missionary's letter* gives prehension has caused this experience to become graphic expression to the diametrically op- the time of unprecedented opportunity for the posite attitudes of two groups of people-an missionary and the time of unparalleled success attitude of repulsion and an attitude of exultation. for the Gospel.

In these days the most frequent salutation of a In view of this fact, what are the perils of war furloughed or retired China missionary from his and the hardships of seeing and ministering to acquaintances in America is: "Aren't you glad limitless suffering? Not only does the missionyou're not in China now?" With the current ary ask for no exemption from the sorrows of the newspaper and radio pictures of "bombs bursting people, but from the beginning has refused to in air" and in much more deadly proximity to accept such exemption when offered him. In so human lives and habitations, and with the maga- doing he has not merely won the hearts of the zines venturing at last to print eye-witness ac- suffering people, but also such grateful acclaim counts of the frightfully barbarous massacres and from the Chinese leaders that hitherto closed burnings and rapings perpetrated by a scientifi- doors have been thrown open to him and the limically equipped and demon-inspired invading horde, tations of liberty to give religious instruction in there are millions of our people, in the Church as the schools have been removed. The thanks of well as out of it, who cannot conceive of any the nation have been proclaimed by those highest other rational answer to the question than, "In- in authority and there has been a spontaneous outdeed I am glad!" Yet, mirabile dictu, the reply burst of appreciation of the sacrificial love, like from the missionary is, "No; I am distinctly that of the Saviour, of whose commission these sorry to be compelled to be out of China at this friends from the West have not been ashamed.

time, and only wish I might go back." And many Those who have kept closely in touch with the are going back, most of them invigorated for a events in China since JUly of 1937 have been better service at the end of a regular furlough, deeply impressed with the facts and the implicabut not a few volunteering to abbreviate the nor- tions of a widespread movement, which has been mal furlough in order to rejoin their mission asso- the inevitable consequence of the way in which ciates in the most strenuous, yet most interesting the war has been carried on. Its significance may and rewarding, ministry that China missionaries extend far beyond anything in the thought of have ever seen. Though God, in His wisdom, has either belligerent, and may achieve as beneficent not yet seen fit to "restrain the excess of wrath" a divine purpose as did the dispersion of the first (except in a marvelous preservation of missionary century Christians by the persecutions in Judea. lives), He has, to an almost unbelievable degree, Preceded by terror, accompanied by death .and "caused the wrath of men to praise Him." destruction, and followed by sanguinary "mop- ping-up," the invading armies have scattered the The first impressions of the savagery of the surviving Chinese civilian population in precipi- "undeclared war" were of frightfully wasting de- tate flight, carrying what little was left to them struction and of imminent peril to all missionary in a desperate trek over hundreds of miles of as well as humane interests. There has been no roads and rivers and wastes, as far as possible decrease in the savagery in spite of the protests from the devastating s.courge which had destroyed of a horrified and outraged world, no lessening of their property and taken the lives of countless the destruction and the threats; but, as the relatives, friends and neighbors. months have gone by, "the Form of the Fourth,"

like unto the Son of Man, has appeared in the There has been no respect of persons in this midst of the fire, with the Chinese Church, the hounding of the masses in flight. Men of wealth home Church and the mission, walking triumphant have been reduced to beggary; men of native and through the flames. A Power beyond human com- foreign education have been compelled to straggle • In the September number of The Ohinese Recorder, reprinted in a along the roads with the most ignorant and unlet- AFwmrerEicaas.tern Bulletin of the Foreign Missions Conference of North tered·, all alike have been kept from starving only [567 ]

by the kindness of those as yet undisturbed in a city and town and village to which the invading their homes by the oncoming storm, or through troops may never come. In cities like Shanghai the merciful provision by the Government or by and Nanking, laid waste from the air, the water the Christian Church, of refuges for the desolate. and the land, the hundreds of thousands of home- Entire schools and colleges, whose administration less, hopeless, wounded and sick, have made diffi- has been rendered impossible, or whose buildings cult the task of ministering even to the most acute have been bombed or occupied by the invaders, needs and this work has taxed the strength and have moved to distant provinces in the far in- the resources of Chinese and foreigners alike. In terior, or have combined with others in interna- the northern cities, now for months behind the tional settlements. Much of the culture of the lines of the invaders, tens of thousands have lost coastal provinces and of the great cities has thus all their possessions and must be helped; even in been transplanted to regions formerly considered Peking, which, through early surrender, suffered backward or unenlightened. It has been estimated less destruction than any other captured city, that at least thirty million people have been ren- refugees flee from the rural districts where dered homeless, unsettled from former founda- brigands prowl, as the invader controls little be- tions. And it is a most interesting fact that, from yond the city and the railroads, and soldiers work the beginning of the consequent migration, wise their nefarious wills on the peasantry.

men in the Government and in education foresaw Christians in the Crisis something of its extent and potential meaning and made far-reaching plans for turning the agony So practically throughout China there is des- and the evil to good purpose. Not only has the perate need of material help; and the loving min- Government opened many refuges for the mi- istration to that need, by missionaries and Chris- grants, but it has opened schools in many of these tian Chinese, has aroused hundreds of thousands places and has assisted the homeless wanderers of the suffering people to ask, "Why do these with food and clothing and means of transporta- Christians devote themselves to our relief, wash tion. In the remote west and southwest, where our sores, heal our wounds, feed our bodies and there have been few roads and no railways, mil- instruct our minds? They must surely have some- lions of men have been set to work to construct thing in their hearts which we do not have: what modern roads, while millions more are being is it? They say that they have learned it from trained for various industries, the machinery for Jesus Christ whose followers they are; from the which was early transported from Central and merciful Saviour who, they say, laid down His East China cities. The population of these west- life for us as well as for them." Thus the Gospel ern provinces having been greatly increased, in has found an entrance into many sorely burdened some cases doubled, by the migration from other and bewildered hearts; facilities have been pro- parts of the country, every effort is made to train vided, in Mission compounds. and elsewhere, for the newcomers for self-support through the de- study of the Christian truth and life, and multi- velopment of provincial resources and in the large tudes are being brought into the Kingdom of our variety of new construction called for by their Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ.

presence and by national rehabilitation schemes. As one looks back a little more than a year to Model counties are being organized; model towns, the discussion by the Mission Boards as to the villages and farms are laid out and operated. Mu- reply which should be made to the urgent advice tual helpfulness is being cultivated as an essentiftl of their Governments, and the general, popular concomitant of the new patriotism which has been clamor that the missionaries should all escape the so greatly stimulated by the foreign invasion. peril and simplify the international situation by Spiritual Influences leaving China at once, one does not like to think what vastly different conditions would now exist What is true of educational and industrial cul- in China if those counsels had prevailed and if ture is also emphatically true of spiritual develop- China and her Christians had been left to them- ment. As the Christians of the more fully evan- selves. An unequalled opportunity would have gelized provinces, driven from their homes, have been lost irrevocably to show the love of God in migrated to Kwangsi, Kweichow, Yunnan and Christ to that people, and to win their hearts to Szechuan, where new centers of evangelization Him. So thrilling has been the success of the .

and education are opening, people who had "sat policy of withdrawing only the physically feeble in darkness" are seeing for the first time "a great and of reinforcing the strong, that, from the light." The vast migration of refugees has nat- Chinese Church, from officials, and from the mis- urally necessitated the opening of refuges, tem- sions on the field, has come not only a chorus of porary or permanent, far from the actual war thanksgiving but also a united and importunate areas, for the indiscriminate bombing of civilian call for more missionaries to meet the need and populations has precipitated the flight from many capture the present opportunity. How else could

the Church and the nation hope to minister to have risen most sympathetically to the need and thirty million refugees, among whom are hun- met the opportunity most effectively. Not only dreds of thousands of war orphans? Never be- have many buildings been made available as fore were Chinese hearts and minds so sensitive refuges, but camps. have been set up in many to the redeeming touch of self-denying love, mani- places as "resting places for weary wanderers" in fested in the sharing of suffering and the planning their almost endless treks in search of new, homes.

for better days. It is the general testimony that, Wherever possible, industries have been started in through this deliberately and prayerfully chosen these refuges, both to prevent demoralizing idle- glad sharing, "the prestige of the Church and hos- ness and to fit the migrants for self-support in pital has never stood so high as it stands today" ; their new abodes. Incidentally and Providen- the infinite love of God for mankind has shone tially, among the refugees are hundreds of skilled radiant as the one glorious hope of the world, and artisans. teachers, evangelists, homeless wander- is no longer thought of merely as an item in a ers like the rest. They are drifting to Hunan, and doctrinal system from the West. The loyalty and other regions, "for such a time as this," a time courage of the missionaries, who have "stood by" when the harvest is so unusually great and ripe the people of a strange land through the most and the laborers are so pitifully few, that they acute and devastating sufferings ever inflicted by have found fullest use for their talents and ener- one nation upon another, will never be forgotten. gies. Again, in strangest wise, God has "thrust Civilians and Soldiers forth laborers into His harvest." Most appro- priately has the Hunan Presbyterian Mission en- Christian ministry to civilians in or near their titled its Annual Report, "The War-cloud's Silver own homes has been but a part of the great work Lining," as it sets forth "the calibre of these of deliverance, protection and supply; an exten- guests" from war-torn regions, "trained workers,"

sive organization has been created to help the pen- "whole schools," "hospitals with equipment, niless migrants along the way to their remote des- nurses and doctors," "scientists, engineers, busi- tinations, and none have so inspired confidence ness men, rural experts," undaunted by misfor- and shared burdens as have the Christians. And tune and peril, responsive to need, ready to start great has been the change which has taken place afresh and eager to be useful. The courage of in the mutual relations of Chinese Civilians and many of these migrants is magnificent. A thou- their own soldiery. A few years ago the civilian sand students from three North China colleges, felt no greater dread than that for the Chinese having located temporarily at Changsha, a little soldier, who seemed ready to do almost anything later started out, men and women, to walk the but protect him. Now soldier and civilian are eight hundred miles to Kunming, capital of Yun- united for the defense of the nation, and the nan, to locate their University there.

civilian, realizing that the soldier is ready to suffer Cooperating Agencies wounds and to lay down his life for his country, is responding by doing all in his power to relieve The International Red Cross has furnished the wounded soldier on the field and in transit. much equipment and supplies, with expert direc- And so, by the combined activity of Chinese and tion, to the relief measures, as has also the Inter- foreigners, an elaborate organization for first-aid, national Famine Relief Commission. The League transportation and hospitalization has been cre- of Nations Epidemic Prevention Commission, ated, very inadequate of course in view of the with its groups. of health officers and specialists, limited number of doctors and nurses and the in- in three sections of China, is fighting to prevent sufficiency of supplies and funds, yet saving thou- smallpox, cholera, typhoid and malaria. Young sands of lives and relieving untold suffering. Mis- people are being trained to give first-aid and gen- sion hospitals have been crowded to the doors, and eral medical assistance. Many church services to the floors, as these torn remnants of brave and are crowded with interested newcomers. Chris- patriotic humanity have been carried in from the tian Fellowships are being organized. Student fields and the roads of that horror-filled land, skil- Centers are being opened, for entertainment, for fully patched-up for life, or eased for inevitable varied instruction, and for travelers' aid. Mr.

death with the Gospel message of eternal life in Stanton Lautenschlager, of Cheeloo University, Christ. Many university students have also lent has spent some months in presenting a challenging a hand in humble service in the laundries and message, personal and social, to the students of dressing-stations. Hunan, hundreds of whom have responded with a Few if any of the other provinces have seen as determination to follow Christ. He reports un- much of the migrants as Hunan, as through that precedented student interest in the things of the province pass. many of the natural ways from the Spirit.

east to the west, from the north to the south; and As the writer of the Hunan Report says, "One the Christians of Hunan, Chinese and foreign, of the most beautiful flashes of silver in this

struggle is the attitude of the Christians toward pressure of disinterested kindness, the barriers their enemies." Though more whole-heartedly of racial and national fear and dislike completely patriotic and resolved to win than ever before, thrown down by the courageous, self-forgetful "there is no bitterness or hatred against the in- ministry of a Godlike love, bestowed in the name vaders." Even the missionaries "have marvelled of Christ by men and women come from the other at the Chinese Christians' lack of resentment and side of the world, to live, and if need be to die, freedom from hatred. To listen to their prayers for China. And a multitude of the like-minded for China and for Japan is like standing on holy in the home lands, to whom is denied this privilege ground." This witness regarding Hunan is of personal ministry to such a need, are exulting echoed from all parts of bruised and bleeding in being there in spirit as they avail themselves China. Has the world ever seen its equal in any of one or another of the agencies, which have other land? sprung into life or added this function to others- the International Red Cross, the Committee on the "What a time to be in China!" Truly it is no Far East of the Foreign Missions Conference of time to be there for those whose chief delight is North America, the Church Committee for China in personal ease and comfort, whose slogan is Relief, the China Information Service, China "Safety First"; who cannot bear the sight of Famine Relief, or any of the Mission Boards blood or the smell of sweat, who think the lives of working in China – to give out of their relative a hundred Chinese of less value than the life of abundance for the maintenance of the missionone American; who have no sympathy with the aries and their manifold ministries to China's apspirit which impelled the Son of God to become palling need. "What a time to be in China" inflesh and dwell among us that He might redeem deed, in person or by the proxy of self-denying the world, or with the spirit of the Apostle Paul gifts loyally continued as long as the need of that whose joy was to "become all things to all men fearfully harassed and patiently enduring people that he might by all means save some." But the continues. Is it not, for every Christian and every able-bodied missionaries who are there exult in the unselfish humanitarian, a God-given privilege, as privilege which has been given them of minister- well as a duty, "to be in China" at this time? ing to the world's greatest need, and of watching the shell of indifference break under the steady A LETTER FROM OHINA By DONALD FRASER OF CHANGTE, HONAN: Following complete breakdown of negotiations with the former bitter persecutors of the Church, should have been the active force that liberated our people. It is a marked bandits after their request for $100,000.00 for ransom, contrast to other forces around us. No ransom was given and no conditions asked. things began to happen elsewhere. Kuo Ch'ing, the bandit The fortitude and spirit of the captive young women leader, crossed the Chang River; was surrounded by the under the most trying circumstances is a thrilling story. One of them, a young teacher, said: "I was born in a 8th Route Army, wounded, defeated, his home burned and Christian home but before the raid I cared little for Christianity. This time I have had a wonderful experience many of his followers scattered. He was rescued by of God. Now I want to work for Jesus."

bandit chief supreme, Wang Chih Ch'uan, and fled south. There was joy and thrill in her voice, a changed young woman. There is a glow in the witness of many of them. The 8th Route Army declared that all banditry must cease. When carrying them away the bandits sneered: "So you thought your church could protect you. See, we will look Kou Ch'ing was cornered but slipped through the net. after you."

Wild rumors said that he was going west to Shansi with One seventeen-year-old lassie they tortured cruelly, ask- ing, "Do you still believe?" twenty-three of our Christian people. No ransom, they Gradually she became semi-unconscious but always with would sell the girls! That blackest night our minds were the reply~ "I believe" and the prayer, "Father help me."

filled with unnamed fears. All next day passed and still In sending them back some of the bandit remnants said, "Your prayers have moved Heaven." no word. At 5 p. m. a breathless messenger arrived. Others .said: "You're different; could we come and "Freed," he shouted; "nineteen girls and four men are learn your doctrine?"

coming home." Fly wheels, fly! Our bikes tore up the dust Surely a mighty triumph of good over evil. We are more one with our Chinese friends here than ever before. as we raced out to meet them. Tired and dirty, after Adversity has schooled us all. God has sent the 8th Route Army to check this dastardly scourge that has terrorized three weeks with no washing facilities and only the scanty and bled the country to death for the last ten months. There is great rejoicing over wide areas in the order, reclothes on their backs grabbed out of sleep when they were spect for life and security that is following in the wake of this cleansing, restoring force. After ten months of hell carried away, they were home, alive and smiling and all the relief is tremendous.

well, except for three with malaria and others with blisters from enforced marches. .

The other fourteen had disappeared. The whole country was chaotic. Travel was very dangerous but our men, especially Liu Ch'eng Chang, were tireless in their search.

Monday five came in. But nine young women were still missing. Tuesday 2 a. m., loud knocking on the front gate.

All were back. "Rejoice; a,gain I say rejoice."

The venture was a dead loss financially to the bandits.

Not only that, they were scattered and broken and would have been completely eliminated but for timely aid. It seems strange indeed that the sometimes called reds,

Call of the Dyacks of

By the REV. R. A. JAFFRAY, Dutch East Indies Missionary of the Christian and Missionary Alliance A MONG the Dyacks of Borneo, Buddha is them by way of the Barito River, with Banker- .r. named, Mohammed is named, but Christ is masin as a base. Some effort was also commenced on the west coast, entering by way of the Kapoeas not named. He is almost unknown. What River, but the Methodist Episcopal Mission has a great need for Gospel witness, especially in the now entirely withdrawn from Borneo.

interior of these islands.* On the north coast there are, beside the River Burito which empties into the sea at Banjermasin, The three main ports of British North Borneo five or six other rivers which are gateways to the are Sandakan, Kudat, and J esselton. The mis- interior. At none of these points has missionary sionaries of the Society for the Propagation of the work been attempted. Gospel are laboring here; the Basil Mission has independent self-supporting Chinese churches, Balik-papan is a city of about 21,500 people. and also the Roman Catholics. Work has been The district, of which it is one of the centers, has commenced among the Dyacks, the aboriginal tribes of the interior of British North Borneo. a population of about 200,000.t The city contains The Chinese are largely of the Hakka race and three-fourths of the Chinese inhabitants of Kudat a great mixture of races: Malay, Javanese, Boe- gis, Chinese, Indians, Arabs and also a sprinkling are church members. of Dyacks from the interior. As I walked the In Dutch Borneo there is no Christian mission- streets of this city, I asked: "Is there anyone here who believes on the Lord Jesus Christ?" After ary work carried on on the east coast. The inte- many replies in the negative, I was directed to a rior may be reached from many ports by river. Chinese carpenter's store, and found a Chinese On only one river is there a regular steamship who acknowledged the name of Christian. His line, at Samarinda, but by native craft the mis- face did not look like that of a Christian for his sionary can penetrate the interior and reach "the face was flushed with wine. As ·D. L. Moody once wild men of Borneo." said, "He may have been a Christian but he did not smell like one!" There he was-a lone Chris- The Dyacks, no doubt, originally occupied the tian-in the midst of the darkness of heathendom. entire island but the coming of the Malays, the He had a Bible and prayed sometimes, but could Javanese, Chinese, Indians and Arabs has gradu- not be considered a true witness for the Lord ally pushed the wild men to the interior. The Jesus. Later I met another Chinese who seemed Malays have inter-married somewhat with the to love the Lord but who dared not be baptized aborigines with the result that the Dyacks to this for fear of offending his parents. So far as I extent have been absorbed. It is said that the orig- know, no messenger of Christ has ever lifted up inal pure Dyacks of the interior are decreasing in his voice to preach the Gospel in this place. What population. The Dyacks were originally head- utter darkness! hunters and cannibals, and in some cases may still be such, but the influence of other races has I was anxious to visit Samarinda because it is had the effe~t of subduing and semi.,civilizing at the mouth of the Kutai or Samarinda River and them. On~ qf the original customs '¥f1s that a the main entrance to the interior of Borneo from young man proposing to his bride must have the th~ast coast. Here again 'is another city of darkskull of one whom he himself had slain ere he ness and the same mixture of races. There is a could hope to be accepted. This custom, I am Mohammedan mosque and Chinese temple in told, has nearly died out. Samarinda. There are houses of prostitution and gambling halls on all sides, in full swing. But no There are many different language groups Gospel chapel. I met some Chinese Christians who had been baptized in China, but who seemed among the Dyacks and most of them have Xlever been reached with the Gospel message. From the south coast some effort is being made to reach • I visited Sandakan, on the northeast coast of British BOI:neo; t Balik-papan is the great oil field of the Dutch Indies. The Ballk-papan on the east coast of Dutch Borneo; Samarinda ; Donggala ; Pare-pare and Makassar, the capital of the Celebes; installation of the Batavia Petroleum Company, the Royal Dutch Siagaradja, a port on the Island of Bali; SurabaYa on the northern Shell Petroleum Company, a branch of the Asiatic Petroleum Co., coast of Java, the largest commercial center of the Dutch Indies; is the largest oil Installation in the Far East. All the all con- sumed throughout the Far East comes from the Balik-papan wells. Bangdang and Batavia, the capital of the Dutch Indies, [571 ]

to have backslidden. In one store where I was tion is located in the port cities. The entire east telling the people about the Lord Jesus Christ, coast is without missionary work, and the Methone said in a loud voice, "God only blows the wind odist Episcopal Mission has evacuated the west on us to make us catch a cold." coast. The entire south coast is also unoccupied with the exception of Banjermasin and the work Four other rivers farther north are also gate- done by the Basil Mission and the Dutch State ways to the interior. The Kutai is navigable by Church up the Barito River. small steamer for ten days as far as Long-Iram, and by native craft for many days farther up. Dr. Slotemaker de Bruine, the missionary con- The Roman Catholic Church has a mission three sul of the Dutch missions encouraged us to occudays inland from Long-Iram at Lahan, where py some of the unoccupied areas of the Dutch priests and nuns are teaching the people farm- East Indies. We recommend the following fields ing, trades, and so forth. All the other rivers where no work is being done: from the east coast, save the Kutai, are, I fear, only navigable by native craft. A Dutch official 1. The entire east coast of Borneo, with Samarinda and traveled up one of these rivers, ascending terrible other places as centers. and dangerous rapids for seventy-five days, and came down the river, covering the same distance, 2. The west coast, with Pontianak and other places as in ten days. While I was trying to tell them of centers. The object would be to reach "the wild men of His love and of the sacrifice for our sins on the Borneo," the Dyack race of the interior. cross, and feeling the opposition very strong, an elderly Chinese lady came from the rear of the 3. The Boegis people on the coast of the Celebes, and store and said: "I once neard of Jesus when I the wild races of the interior, with Makassar as a center. was in China. I don't know much about it, but I know this-Jesus is good, Jesus is good." She 4. The whole southwestern coast of Sumatra. repeated this several times. I left Gospel tracts 5. A large number of smaller islands in the East Indies at many stores in Samarinda. where no Gospel witness has yet been given.

The population of Dutch Bornea is about 1,800,- If the Gospel does not soon enter these fields, 000. Perhaps one half or more of this popula- the influence of Mohammedanism~ which is spread- ing rapidly, will soon be such as to form a most effective barrier to the progress of Christianity. The fact that Mohammedanism is rapidly displac- ing paganism makes the evangelization of these fields urgent.

A Missionary Is Converted By EDITH FUESS HENRY, Shanghai American School, Shanghai, China I T IS homecoming for a missionary! She pauses of overwhelming facts around which sat commit- outside the compound wall to pound the door; tees, numb and dumb-nor power, nor wisdom, in the wait she turns to look back. The road nor means to cope with such; the paralyzing tales by which she has come has been a long, long road; of sorrow, pain, loss, destruction, poured from the it stretches back over eleven months in life's lips of arrivals fresh from battlefields; the feldeepest depths. In those few moments of time a lowship groups where gripping testimonies from panoramic view of never-to-be-forgotten days tear-stained eyes, quivering lips, and crushed passes before her eyes: days on days, and weeks hearts, yet dauntless spirits, could say, "I am on weeks of the ceasless roar of cannon, the pierc- bent, but not broken." . . . ing whistle of bullets, the deafening whirr of planes, the violent bursting of bombs; the heart- The gate opened! Can this be home! The shatsickening sight of scattered, mangled, bleeding, tered roof; the battered walls; the broken doors; human flesh, shrieking and groaning its prayers the empty rooms; the wild weeds; can this be to heaven; the endless lines of terrorized men, home? The home that twenty years ago in a women, and children madly fighting their way to spirit of love and dedication was built in this land safety zones; the great concentration camps of of China that He might have an abiding place hungry, filthy, frightened human beings waiting from which to reach out arms of loving ministry for the ministry of human hearts and hands; the to needy ones around? Can this be home? scurry, hurry, worry of channeling bean milk to the thousands of starving little ones; the fright- "We must begin and build again; build again ful days and nights in losing battle with epidemics the things that are gone." that stalked with relentless step among the masses, taking their fearful toll of life; the tables A house? Can one live again in the shelter of four walls, when so many thousands know only God's earth for a floor, and His sky for a roof?

A piano? Dare one make melody in his own

DR. IMAD-UD-DIN-A CONVERT FROM ISLAM

chamber when the teeming millions of this land Rugs? Can one with pleasure walk the path of hear only the rhythm of guns and bursting cushioned ways, when he sees the tracks where bombs? bruised feet have trod on rugged stones? . . .

Beds? Were it not better to companion those A stir: the neighbors, the friends, the Oriental who like the Master have not where to lay their crowds are standing by in silent commiseration. heads? "I can not see; I do not know; yet deep within Refrigerator? Why preserve food, unless one the silence of my soul there is peace. Old things can find a way to preserve for mankind love, have passed away; all things are become new. kindness, brotherliness, and peace? And I; am I not new?"

Dr. Imad–ud–din-A Convert from Islam* "BY REVEALING the Word of God I have found enjoyment in life. I rejoice greatly there was no peace in his heart. "Whatever af- in my Lord, and my soul is always making flictions or pain it is in the power of man to enprogress in his grace."-Imad-ud-din. dure, I submitted to them all, and suffered them to the last degree; but nothing became manifest The Moslem community, well organized and to me after all, except that it was all deceit." disciplined, with memories of centuries of conquest and domination, has been very stern in its At this time he was appointed to preach the resistance to foreign influences. And yet there Koran in the large Mosque at Agra with a view to were a number of important conversions among opposing the Christian missionaries and for three them in the first half of the nineteenth century as years he exponded the Moslem commentaries and a result of the earnest and vigorous work carried traditions. It was there he was perplexed most in on by Christian missions in Northern India. Even his faith and the thought of utterly renouncing the men of high social standing gave their hearts to world came into his mind with so much power that Jesus. he could not resist. He became a wandering fakir, going from village to village without plan or bag- Maulvi Imad-ud-din was a lineal descendent of gage. He was honored as a very pious soul but a famous Moslem saint, Gutale Jamal, and a de- none could know the uneasiness in his mind when scendent of the Royal House of Persia, famous as he thought of the Judgment Day.

champions of Islam. He was born in 1822 at Pani- He heard of the conversion of Maulvi Safdar pet, India, the youngest of four brothers. Much Ali at Jubbulpore and this put into his heart a care was bestowed upon him in imparting a thor- new hope so that he began an earnest study of the ough knowledge of Islamic law and religion. He New Testament. As he went on studying, a new studied at the Government College at Agra. This unspeakable joy came into his mind and he found education stirred in him a thirst after the knowl- solace in Jesus Christ. Afterwards he went to edge of the unseen. He visited fakirs and pious Amritsar and received baptism at the age of sixty- Moslems, frequented mosques and homes of maul- four, from Rev. Robert Clark of the Church Misvies, and carried on a vigorous study of many sionary Society. books on Islam. He wrote: "Since my entrance into the grace But he was assailed with doubts and perplex- of our Lord Jesus Christ, I have had great peace ities and his contact with Christians led him to in my soul. The agitation of m~,mind and restdoubt the Islamic injunctions and accepted prac;!- lessness have entirely left me. ETen my health is tices. He had some discussion with Maulvi Abd,ul improved, for my mind is never perplexed now." Hakim who could not convince him so that he once for all gave up the idea of disputation. He He became a zealous preacher of the Gospel began to acquire knowledge by reading night and and wrote many books, vindiCating the way of day, with the idea that time spent in its pursuit Christ to his Islamic brethren. One of these was given to the worship of God. books, called the Tahquiq-ul Iman (the Investiga- tion of the True Faith), was written for the He submitted his body to severe tests, by living maulvies who could not see their way to follow the apart from men, keeping awake at nights and by Crucified Christ. He was ordained in 1866 and various penances. He sat on the graves of holy the Archbishop of Canterbury conferred on him men with the hope that he might receive some the degree of D.D. in 1884. He died at Amritsar revelations from the tombs. But he says that on August 2'8, 1900, at the age of seventy-:eight after seeing his father and brother confess Christ. • Adopted from The National Missionary IntelZigencer of India.

Christian Sadhus and

By W. Q. LASH, Acharya in the Christa Prima Seva Sangha, Poona, India D ECEMBER 18th, 1904, is the date of the from place to place, on foot or by more rapid conversion of Sundar Singh, whose name means of locomotion, and are given opportunities has made the Western Hemisphere famil- in each place according to their reputations. iar with the idea of the Christian sadhu. In his Sadhus of this kind are in the minority. The life own country also he turned the thoughts of In- is full of temptations. It requires. a man of deep dians and others to the possibility of revealing humility and rare spiritual qualities to sustain Christ in ways well suited to the setting of East- them unscathed. Too many lack sufficient selfern life. Sundar Singh was neither the first nor discipline, and do not easily accept discipline from the only one to attempt such a method. He helped without. to bring to light the Secret Sannyassi Mission, which for generations. had hiddenly followed a The lack of any kind of discipline is the greatsimilar path. Dr. Pennell of Bannu and Tucker est weakness and danger of the solitary Sadhu's Booth of the Salvation Army had· made independ- life. In the Panjab, Sundar Singh's own province, ent experiments, and Sundar Singh himself came the problem is especially acute. The executors of into touch with the American follower of St. his will have made some attempt both to organize Francis, Samuel Stokes. Centuries before, in the sadhus already practicing, and to use the South India, Robert Nobile had proved the ef- funds he has left to give some training to those ficacy of presenting Christ and His message in an who feel a calling to this way of life. It was the Eastern garment. ambition of the late Canon Chandu Lal to form an Ashram at Sundar Singh's home in Sabathu, It is, however, a unique place that Sadhu to be a rallying place for the wanderers, and to Sundar Singh holds towards the methods of the help give them spiritual and mental nourishment Christian Sadhu and the Christian Ashram. His and discipline. To do so has not proved easy. influence on both has been indirect rather than Sadhu life tends to exaggerate individualism. Exdirect. In his lifetime he refused to allow a group cept in rare cases, we come to the conclusion that of disciples to gather round him and to train them the sadhu, who is unwilling to be linked with othin the way which he followed so successfully. ers under some kind of control, loses more and Disciples he has had, and even now has, nine more control over himself. In spite of the many years after his disappearance; but they are not attractions of this method of presenting the Gosall 'Sundar Singhs." They create problems for pel this way of life may prove more a liability themselves and for the Church at large, which than an asset to the Church. might have been less, if he had handed on his tradition to a company, trained by himself, and set- The Indian Ashram* is a means through which ting a standard for others. Yet his plea that his- the same inspiration may find expression. During tory has shown that organizations tend to decay the last twenty years or so many experiments after the death of their founders cannot be ig- have taken to themselves the name of "ashram." nored, and perhaps he was wise to found nothing. It is not always easy to discover what they have in common. Each is an attempt to come closer to Sadhu Sundar Singh's life is well known. It is the life of the country and to break down barnow nine years since he vanished into the Tibetan tiers, which have become increasingly serious in hills for the last time. A crop of Christian Sadhus 6ays of growing nationalism. Each has aimed has resulted, amongst them men of high mental also at a greater simplification of modes of living, and spiritual qualities, who have to their credit and a greater emphasis on the importance of much fine work as prophets of the Church. Such prayer in relation to the active side of Christian men are accorded great respect among Indians, ministry. Beyond this it is difficult to select the both Christian and non-Christian. They travel common features. Some Ashrams are only sea- sonal, being hardly other than summer schools of Footnote: The term Ashram denotes both the four normal stages asosmpeecrinaal ktyepme.arArimedonmgetmhebepresrmthaenneunct lseeutstl;emotehnetrss, of a Hindu's life, and the forest or mountain retreat to which the insist on single men or women; others have no Hindu went when the calling came to a life of meditation. In ancient days boys were sent to Ashram for spiritual training. In modern ~:y:h:a~r::::dlr:t~g:.1 and Tagore have added the Ideal of service [574 ] clear policy on this point. Equally diverse are the completed a few years ago what must be the finest environments which have been chosen; some are place of Christian worship in an Indian style of in remote jungles; others in country districts; architecture. It is a magnificent Jebalyam (chapothers in towns. el), with a walled garden surrounding it which is also used for prayer. Its architecture is that of a Three of the earliest Ashrams were permanent Hindu temple of South India. Increasingly, in settlements. In Travancore members of the this Ashram, the vocation to prayer and worship has claimed precedence over all other forms of CHRISTAKULA TIRUPATTUR ASHRAM HALL OF WORSHIP service. From time to time young men and others use the Ashram for periods of retreat or for Orthodox Syrian Church, the oldest Christian courses of training in service. Its influence is Church in India, formed an Ashram under the wide in South India; the membership is undeleadership of their energetic bishop. Two Ash- nominational, but the members adhere strictly to rams in reality were formed, one for men and one the principle of brahmacharya, or celibacy. for women. This was an Indian enterprise, as this Church is entirely Indian. It was an attempt A third experiment was made at about the to bring the ideal of community life into the same time, as the Bethany Ashram in Travancore, Syrian Church, which had already been for cen- when the Christakula Ashram at Tirupattur came turies familiar with the rampan, or solitary monk, into existence. This was the foundation of the but. had not developed the practice of a life of Christa Seva Sangha in the village area of Ahprayer among those living together. The location mednagar, in Mahar~shtra. During its early of the Ashrams was a beautiful wooded and hilly years its membership consisted of one Englishdistrict' in the interior of the State of Travancore. man and several Indian village Christians. There For several years these Ashrams brought great were married and unmarried within its fellowinspiration to their Church, and beyond it. Then ship. The members lived entirely in Indian style, its founder seceded to Rome, taking the sisters and sought to find natural Indian expressions in with him. A number of the men continued faith- Christian worship. As the Christakula has been fully under Fr. Alexios in spite of great difficul- helped by the rich store of Christian Tamil lyrics, ties. After resisting pressure for ten years he so the Christa Seva Sangha was fortunate in the was consecrated bishop this year, but continues to fact that the leader of the modern school of live in the Ashram and to give as much time to Marathi poetry, N. V. Tilak, was a Christian. it as he can. A number of other Ashrams have The idea was to form a nucleus of married memcome into existence in the Syrian Church, both bers with a band of sanyassis, who would go out for men and women. – . – _ . .-.. . .. About the same time two doctors, one an Indian and the other a Scotchman, felt a call to found an Copyrright by (Jh(JIrZes Petrasoh Ashram. This they did at Tirupattur in South India. The way of life is entirely Indian, and a INTERIOR OF THE ASHRAM CHAPEL number of young men have joined from time to time as volunteers. Until recently they were the in the manner of sadhus and return to the center only two permanent members. As was natural, for fresh inspiration. After about five years a with two men of their profession, the ideal of group of young men came out from England, service took a great place in the life. A hospital whose ideal was to be members of a community is attached to it. Other activities in the form of after the manner of St. Francis of Assisi. An schools and agricultural experiments. also serve the rural population. In this Ashram there was

Ashram was established in the intellectual center of workers from the jungle districts and carry of Poona, but the attempt to combine the idea of out devoted service to the simple peoples of the the original group with that of this later recruit- forest. The books of the founder, Verrier Elwin, ment led to difficulties. Hence in 1934, when the have done much to bring them to the notice of an original founder left the society it was divided unheeding world. into two groups. Maharashtran village Christians The Christa Sishya Ashram was open,ed a few POOL AND THE "CLOISTER" WHERE THE BROTHERS LIVE years ago in a village area, not far from the in- dustrial town of Coimbatore, South India. Its now continue a life akin to the earlier idea at a members are Syrian and Anglican. It is remarkvillage four miles from Poona, under the old able as one, if not the only, piece of work for othname. Meanwhile the Poona Ashram has become ers carried on by members of the Orthodox secthe headquarters of a community of Indians and tion of the Syrian Church, outside Travancore. Englishmen on the lines of a community. The impact of Christians, who are not the prod- uct of Western missions but can trace their own The Poona Ashram has now the name of history as Christians into remote days of our era, Christa Prema Seva Sangha. The buildings are on non-Christians is most interesting. The Ashsimple, and are arranged to concentrate the life ram regards the married state as normal for its inward. There is a chapel built in Hindu style, members. and,adorned by pictures painted by an Indian art;. ist, trained in the Bengal school. The emphasis Among the seasonal Ashrams the first to be is laid on the life of prayer; the evening and ear- founded, and the best 'known, is that of Sat Tal, ly morning are kept in strict silence to create an founded by Dr. E. Stanley Jones in North India. atmosphere of quiet. Time is devoted also to study To this beautiful spot, year by year in the hot and to active service. One of the chief tasks of weather, groups of Westerners and Indians come the Ashram is to build up a natural Christian life together for periods of spiritual and intellectual in an Indian setting, into· which others may also refreshment. Non-Christians sometimes attend. be brought whether Christian or non-Christians. Of late years, in Lucknow, the nucleus of the Sat Educated converts are frequently sent here from Tal Ashram has attempted to form a more permadifferent parts of India. There is a hostel on the nent Ashram life. It is too early yet to discern the same compound, and lectures' are given in a hall exact shape this group will finally assume. attached to the Ashram. Various works of social service, or Christian ministry, are carried out by An Ashram similar to the Sat Tal has come inmembers in the town and the Presidency, Bom- to existence at Kadoaikanal and does for South bay. Recently a branch has been founded in a India what the former does for the North. Such rural area about 150 miles north of Poona. seasonal meetings playa great part in drawing Among other permanent Ashram settlements CHRISTAKULA AT TIRUPATTUR STRUCTURE OF two of the most interesting are the Bhumjan Seva THE JEBALYAM MandaI and the Christa Sishya. The former has been founded by two former members of the Poona Ashram, among the aboriginal tribes of the jungles of the Central provinces. These Christians have gathered around them a varied group

INDIAN CHRISTIAN SADHUS AND ASHRAMS

together Westerne:rs and Indians, and help to demand for equal partnership to one of full conbreak down barriers which all too easily tend to trol. The Ashram movement has clearly an imform in ordinary mission work. They also make portant task in meeting this present situation. It their contribution in discovering and disseminat- must be Temembered that it has influence far being Indian ways of approach to the Christian yond the Ashram walls. The Christakula has faith and practice, and bring into fellowship "friends" out in the world. The Christa Prema Seva Sangha has a Third Order after the manner ASHRAM SCHOOL, VILLAGE CHILDREN AND TEACHER of the Franciscans, whose members in the several parts of India are full members of the society Christians from various backgrounds and schools with the brothers and share in its government. of thought. Similarly each Ashram has a circle more or less closely attached. Thus the ideals can penetrate It would be impossible to speak of all the Ash- the Church, and this movement is further helped rams which have come into existence, and are be- by such periodicals as The Ashram Review. ing added to year by year. Enough has been said to indicate different types of experiment, of which Yet there may be an even more important part several other examples could be quoted. There for the movement to play in the future. Chrisremains to consider the importance of this move- tianity is a supra-national religion. Great harm ment in India, for the present and the future. The will be done if Indian Christians attempt in their Ashrams have come into existence largely owing reaction to become isolated from the rest of their to a sense that India may rightly expect that a fellows. In the future the ideal of equality of religion, which was born in Asia, should reveal Easterner with Westerner, which has inspired the Eastern characteristics, and in answer to the pioneers, may turn to that of equality of Westtaunt that it is a foreign religion from the West. erner with Easterner. Thus the Ashrams will be- Every day it becomes of increasing importance come the channel of the riches of all Christendom that Christianity in India should be Indian. The being mediated to the Indian Church in a form Indian Government not only makes non-Chris- in which it can assimilate them. Some hope the tians contemptuous of anything not of the coun- Ashrams may become the much-needed homes of try, but affects the Christians themselves. They Indian scholarship and theology. resent any sign of dominance on the part of Western missionaries, and will swiftly :pass from a Finally, the discerning expect that, in spite of the present continuance of Mass Movements in some parts of India, a Dark Age awaits the Church in India in the not distant future. During such a period, institutions, whose primary task is to lay stress on the priority of prayer and worship over activity, will form valuable rallying points for the preservation and building up of the inner life of the Church, even as monasteries did in the Dark Ages of Europe. Their true worth will be proved when the day dawns for renewed expansion of God's Kingdom through Christ's Church.

THE PRIEST'S SON'S TESTIMONY Nungan, an outcaste boy of India, whose father baptized? Are you willing? It will mean that he is a village priest, has always been eager to hear must give up his idol worship and have nothing Bible stories. For years Nungan went with his to do with the heathen ceremonies or with idols." father to the temple and watched him perform the rites, offering to the idols many a buffalo, The father replied, "He has given that up long goat and chicken. Never for a moment did he ago. He won't come near the temple, and refuses think it wrong until he heard the Gospel of to eat or partake of anything offered to the idols. Christ. One morning Nungan came to the mis- He says he is not going to worship demons but only sionary and said: "Ammal, I want my name the Jesus God. You can baptize him if you wish." changed," (meaning he wanted to become a Christian). Weeks later he asked me again. While the father was standing there I asked Nungan what the Lord Jesus had done for him. Not long after this he came again up to me, Without waiting he said, "The Lord Jesus died and pathetically said: "Ammal, won't you let me for me on the Cross. I believe that and He is come?" now in my heart." He was entered upon the list of candidates for baptism. A few weeks ago At that moment his father came along and I Nungan had his heart's desire fulfilled and he took asked: "Do you know your boy wants to be the name David."-Darkness and Light.

is the Koran?

By REV. E. E. ELDER, Meshed, Iran Missionary oj the Presbyterian Church, U. s. A.

To UNDERSTAND the religious life of the nated "The Heifer" because it gives the command millions who follow the M.oslem faith one of M.oses to sacrifice a red heifer (Deut. 22: 1-9). must kn.ow something of their sacred book. The fifth sura is called "The Table" from a ref- Although the K.oran is not mentioned in their brief erence made to a festival table sent down to Jesus statement of belief: "There is no god but Allah from heaven. This is only one of the many sub- and Mohammed is the Messenger of Allah," Mos- jects discussed in that chapter which, before it is lems recognize the Koran as the Message of that a third through, has listed lawful foods and meats, Messenger. prescribed regulations for ablutions before prayer, No tW.o sacred books in the world have S.o much recalled Allah's covenant with Israel, warned in common as the Bible and the Koran. Both Christians of infidelity and retold the story of mention the creation of Adam and Eve and their Cain and Abel's offerings.

expulsion from the Garden, the flood, the faithful M.ost of the earliest suras are short and appear witness .of Noah and the promise to Abraham that at the close of the Koran. They were delivered he should have a son in his old age. The chapter by Mohammed at Mecca. The style is rhythmic, in the Koran entitled "Joseph" gives over three- but the staccato sentences are not strictly in score facts about his life which agree with the metre. These set forth such subjects as the unity story told in Genesis. From different chapters of Allah, the signs of his greatness and the cer- one may glean many details as to the life of Moses, tainty of judgment .on the unrighteous. Later in his sojourn in Midian, his mission to Phara.oh and Mohammed's career an appeal was made to his- the exodus of Israel from Egypt. The Koran also tory and many of the sections at the beginning contains a record of the tables of the Law, the and middle of the Koran tell and retell the stories episode of the calf, the manna, the quails and .of the prophets to illustrate Allah's guidance. At water from a rock. Space does not permit a Medina when the prophet became the head of a record .of all that is told .of David and Solomon, warring community the revelations took the form Aaron and Miriam, Cain and Abel, Lot and Zech- of legislation f.or peace and war, inheritance laws ariah. From scattered verses in the Koran one and regulations of religious ceremony. The sen- may learn that Jesus was the son of Mary, the tences now become involved; the rhythm is .often Word of Allah, the Spirit from Allah and the Mes- stilted and artificial. siah, and that he healed the blind and the lepers Each sura is made up of verses or ayas (signs and brought back the dead to life. But with all or miracles). This term suggests the fundamental this material in common, the Bible and the Koran conception of the book as a collection of wonderare in sharp contrast as to message, arrangement ful phra'ses and sentences. Another division of and theory of authorship. the Koran into parts cuts right across the chapter The K.oran speaks little of the "lostness" of arrangement. There are thirty equal portions man; there is great emphasis on the saying of which facilitate the recitation of the whole book prayers and the payment of alms by believers. during the month of Ramadan – the month of The red thread of sacrifice which runs through fasting by day and feasting by night.

the Bible is lacking in the Koran. Protestants, in their contacts with Moslems, The Koran, although almost as large as the New often assume that their scriptures are for them Testament, is not divided into integrated sections "the only rule of faith and practice." Alongside dealing with history, doctrine or prophecy. There the Koran there are other foundations UP.on which is little logical or chronological sequence in its religion is built; there is Tradition, what the arrangement. It consists of 114 suras (or chap- Prophet taught, practised and approved; there is ters) which vary in length from one almost as the Agreement of the Moslem community; and long as the epistle to the R.omans to some which, there is the use of reason in Analogy. All these in the Arabic text, take but three or four lines. have their place in the commentaries; all of them Each chapter has a special name referring to some have been resorted to in the making of canon law.

subject menti.oned therein. The longest is desig- Yet for the pious Moslem the Koran is the [578 ] source of all science and every kind of knowledge. forgery. Instead of simple narrative about Jesus Does it not say that it is, "a detailed account of he expects. to find God's words to Jesus. The Sereverything" (12: 111) and that in it "nothing is mon on the Mount appears to most followers of neglected" (6: 38)? When in Egypt Napoleon Mohammed to be like some of his sayings reasked the learned sheikhs whether this included corded in the traditions. the formula for making gunpowder. They replied that it did, but admitted that not every reader Another thing about the Koran that strikes the would know how to find it. Only a few years ago the representative of Egypt at the Oriental Con- non-Moslem reader is its constant reference to gress at Oxford said that those who pursue a deep study of the Koran do not fail to find there some itself. Mohammed believed that he had a message reference to the latest inventions or an explana- to deliver and that this message was contained in tion of some scientific points which have been ob- a book. Other peoples had their holy books in scure. He then proceeded to quote verses that for their own tongues. Through him the Arabs were him showed that the earth had been flung off from to receive a book in their own language. "Verily the sun and prophesied that man had the power we have revealed it: an Arabic Koran that ye to fly. may understand." The Koran is self-conscious. One dominant note repeated throughout relate to Authors of the Bible and Koran the book itself; yet during the life time of the Prophet no attempt was made to gather the "rev- There is a sharp contrast between the Bible and elations" into a volume. It did not receive its the Koran in the time occupied in their composi- present form until one of the Khalifas, or succestion. One represents less than a generation, the sors of the prophet as head of the state, realized other over fifteen hundred years. At least thirty that the oral record, treasured in the hearts of individuals contributed to the text of our Bible, men and in the few scattered written fragments, whereas Islam holds that Mohammed was the sole were futile to survive the ravages of war and human medium for the Koran. Christians believe time. An authorized edition was finally made by that the writers of the Bible interpreted God Zaid ibn Thabit who had been one of the Prophet's through their personalities as they wrote. Dif- principal scribes. All other editions were supferent times and different environments called for posed to be .destroyed. Some years ago Dr. men with different gifts. In Islam revelation and Mingana, of the Rylands Library in England, inspiration tend to merge into one another. To aroused considerable interest when he brought the Moslem's way of thinking the Koran is in no back from the east a manuscript which contained way connected with the genius of Mohammed. a version considerably different from the present text. Moslem critical works on the Koran give Some years ago a prominent Christian was ad- various readings that run into the thousands. Aldressing an audience in Cairo, and thinking to though the book is of comparatively recent date, clinch his argument he quoted from the Koran. when contrasted with other holy books, perhaps He prefixed his statement with the words, "Your no other has more variant readings. Are there prophet says." When the Moslem hearers real- verses left out that should have been included? ized that he referred to the Koran, there was a The Shiahs of Iran, who hold the preeminence of storm of protest, not only because the words were Ali among Mohammed's companions, hold that not given verbatim, but also because the foreigner some verses substantiating their claim have been had ascribed the words of the book to Mohammed. suppressed. Sura thirty today contains only sev- enty-odd verses; there is a tradition that it once In spite of this mechanical theory of inspira- contained two hundred. There is little wonder tion, native stories are given in the "Traditions" then that Umar advised, "Say not I possess the which reveal something of the process by which whole Koran, but of it what is extant." the Koran developed. One day Mohammed was dictating to his amanuensis, Abdallah ibn Saad, In spite ,of the references to the Torah and Injil something regarding the creation of man. When (Gospel) as being authoritative for their peoples, he paused Abdallah said in wonder, "Blessed Moslems today usually hold that the Koran has therefore be Allah, the best of Creators." The superseded the Law and the Gospels of the Bible. prophet was so taken with the words that he said, This is not surprising when certain verses in the "Write that down, for so it has descended." The Koran itself have been abrogated by other verses. story continues that the scribe wondered whether The text remains but a later saying has taken revelation from Allah had not also descended on away its force. The Koran provides for this by him. But such tales do not destroy the dictation saying: "Whatever verse we may annul or cause theory of the Koran. It is held to be wholly a thee to forget, we will bring a better one than it, collection of sayings coming to Mohammed from or one like it; dost thou not know that Allah is the Angel Gabriel, so that the Moslem, when he mighty over all?" first reads the Christian Gospels, rejects them as a At the same time I,slam holds that the Koran

is the replica of a Heavenly Book, written on a ers on the Arabic professional stage. The measpreserved or well-guarded tablet, sent down on uredcadences of the book have so woven themthe Night of Destiny and dictated to Mohammed selves into the life and worship and literature of piecemeal by the Angel Gabriel. In spite of the Moslem peoples that they are the expression of historical evidence for a great variety of readings their deepest emotions, sorrow and joy, anger and and the great part played by scribes in collating love, prayer and praise. the material, together with the possible omission of what was originally from Mohammed and the The percentage of literacy is low in many Mosinclusion of portions suggested by others, never- lem lands and that has increased the use of the theless orthodox Islam holds that the Koran is the Koran as a magical force. A minute edition is uncreated speech of Allah. Westerners may fail sometimes used as an amulet and worn about the to see the soundness of such arguments, but the neck or on the arm. The recitation of certain Moslem theologian, with his use of dialectic, an- verses is believed to make evil spirits flee in terswers that all the varied readings are given in the ror. Quotations are used as a means of divina- Preserved Tablet. He can even argue that, far tion. In lands where Arabic is not understood from detracting from the glory of the Koran, they the power of the Koran must often be thought of add to its glory. as magic. To the learned Mullahs any translation of the Koran from the sacred Arabic has seemed Although commentators admit that the perspic- a sacrilege. Turkey has now, however, issued an uous book contains obscure ambiguous passages, edition in Turkish in Latin characters. The reliit is held to be the miracle of the ages.. To millions gious leaders of Egypt finally admitted the possi~ who follow the religion.of Is'lam its claim is in- bility of an interlinear translation which would be violate. "Verily if men and jinns were assembled in their eyes a commentary on the sacred text. together with a purpose of producing this (book) they could not do it, even though they helped one With the invasion of Western civilization and another." Christian teaching into the world of Islam a chal- lenge has come to the power of the Koran. Even Influence of the Koran in the desert one finds that in practical life there are more real forces in a Moslem's life than the Few Christians appreciate the .hold that the sacred book Jarvis, in "Yesterday and Today in Koran has on adherents of the Moslem faith. In Sinai," tells us that the Arab will cheerfully give Arabic-speaking lands it is still the golden treas- false evidence on the Koran, and that in the Libury for examples of grammatical constructions, yan Desert if you want the truth you must get rhetoric and literature. Throughout Egypt stu- your man to make his oath at some sheikh's tomb; dents in elementary, primary and secondary in Sinai you must resort to trial by ordeal, which schools are required to memorize selected por- consists in licking a white-hot iron. Yet the edutions. Illuminated texts, in elaborate styles of cated classes among Moslems, who admit they penmanship, take the place of pictures and wall know little of the contents of their sacred book, decorations. Over the radio professional readers reverence it and say with one of the modern daily recite portions from it. The poverty- writers, "from the point of style alone, it is nothstricken beggars who ask for alms chant passages ing less than a miracle, as great a miracle as ever from the sacred volume. Rarely does a Christian was wrought." Time alone will show whether it ,preacher receive a fifth of the salary obtained by can stand translation, whether it will go down befavorites of the theatre or Hollywood studios, but fore changing ethics, and with what resistance it I have been told that the best professional reciters may confront the Living Word of God. of the Koran are as well paid as the best perform- NOW WHAT SHALL I DO?

We held our communion service at the soldier's camp, in two languages and I could not understand all of the dialects. We had put Itola's baptism off until the next communion for she had been "following afar off." She tried to speak to me several times, but the Buluba- speaking Christians crowded her out. We had not been able to check the communicants at this soldier's camp, as we usually check our outstation Christians before communion and not until after the service did Itola get a chance to speak with me. In great distress she cried out, through an interpreter: "I took the bread and wine before I was baptized and now they say I shall die. Now what shall I do?" I told the interpreter to explain to her that God would not hold her accountable if her heart was right. "Be punctual at the Inquirer's Class," I said, "and when I return, you shall be baptized." PLUMER SMITH, Mutoto, Congo Belge.

Privilege of Preaching to

-<tEf I By STEPHEN KHOOBYAR, Tabriz, Iran 115–·- THERE is probably no harder task in the of sin against God and our fellowmen and against efforts to advance the Kingdom of Christ oneself; on the other hand the teachings of Islam than the winning of Mohammedans, but these look upon sin in a very light way and even excuse difficulties are well known. The disappointments or condone the things which separate man from experienced are sometimes such that only the God in this world and the next. hope of Christ can keep one from pessimism. It is a great sorrow to see those who have confessed Christ not only shows sin in its true light but Christ fall away, but at the same time there is offers the one and only remedy for sin. In Islam real joy in preaching Christ to Moslems, when the fundamental idea concerning sin seems to be a man has been called of God. When we see Mos- that a man may make up for evil deeds by doing lems believe on Christ so that they are born into something that is good, like prayers or pilgrimage the Kingdom we are as certain to have joy in our or the giving of alms. In the faith of Christ the hearts as a rose is to have perfume. remedy for sin is supplied by God Himself; in Islam the only remedies offered are man-made It is a great privilege to be called to serve Christ works. and to share in the work that is dearest to the heart of God. David Livingstone is said to have Jesus Christ, the Son of God, has revealed the remarked that in all his toils and dangers there truth that God is our Father. Through Christ we was one thing which gave him greater comfort may approach God. To Islam the title of Father, than all else; it was the word of Christ, "I am as applied to God, is blasphemy and is almost withwith you always." In preaching to Mohamme-. out exception understood by Moslems in a carnal dans we should never feel lonely with such a way. Though the Koran says that God is as near Presence to sustain us. as the jugular vein, yet in actual practice the whole system of Islam makes Him appear like a power- It is also a joy to explain the Word of God to ful tyrant who cannot be approached. What a those who have no true message from their Cre- blessing to come to our heavenly Father through Christ, our Elder Brother! ator. It is wonderful to go from shop to shop, from house to house, from city to city as the In Christ we have a personality that is unique. bearer of Glad Tidings, an apostle of the Word of How far from anything that Islam has to offer God. If we do not preach to Moslems we are like are the love, forgiveness, mercy, service and selfthe brothers of Joseph who sat down to eat bread sacrifice of our Master. What a marvelous joy while their brother lay bound and in the pit. How to be able to point to such an example. But can we be happy while we leave our brothers Christ is far more than an example – He is the bound and in darkness? Christ is the only One One who atones for sin, the Mediator of the New who can fulfill every longing of the deepest spirit Covenant that reconciles those who were at enof Islam. mity with God, making peace through His Cross.

Our souls are also happy because in preaching a In these great offices Christ is unique; Islam has to Mohammedans we are fulfilling the command nothing like it. What a joy to present such of Christ. When He sent out the twelve and the Saviour to a Moslem and to proclaim His words, seventy they went on their errand with joy in "I am the way, the truth, and the life." "Come their hearts. The Apostle Paul could not remain silent after he had seen Christ, but found his joy unto me all ye that labor and are heavy laden, and I will give you rest."

where we find ours in helping to carry the Gospel Christians have also the matchless blessing of to every nation and tribe. the help of the Holy Spirit to guide and empower them and to cleanse from sin. Islam teaches how The Wonderful Message ceremonially to clean hands and feet before prayers, but only Christ shows how to purify the There is joy in the Christian mes'Sage that can- heart. A few years ago, I was speaking in the not be found in Islam. It is a mess.age that per- waiting room of a mission dispensary on the verse, fectly meets the deepest need of our Moslem brothers. "Blessed are the pure in heart for they shall see The New Testament sets forth the true nature God." There were nine mullahs present. When [581 ]

I had finished one of them said, "It is impossible have presented the Christian message directly, in to be pure in heart." All the other eight agreed most cases without any reference to Islam, and with him. Without the Holy Spirit true purity many hundreds of Moslems have attended and is impossible. have shown the keenest interest.

Islam has its holy shrines, like Mecca and In one of the smaller cities of Iran we held serv- Medina, the graves of the prophet and the Imams, ices on several successive Sundays. Though there is no established Christian <church in that city we but it has nothing to compare with the Christian had a w.onderfulattendance of Moslems. The last sacred places that have a deep meaning fQr us. Sunday, though a heavy rain was faIling, there were more than three hundred Moslems in attend- Bethlehem-Place of the Incarnation. ance. N.o room at our disPQsal was large enough The Wilderness – The place of overcoming to hold such a congregati.on so I stood in a d.oor- way opposite to be sheltered from the rain and temptation. listeners filled the porches on the first and second Gethsemane-The place of agony for sin. stories of the long h.ouse where we were staying. Golgotha-The place .of atonement on the Cross. One could hardly believe that such an .opportunity The Empty Tomb-The place of victory through could be presented-that so many would be ready to hear the straight evangelistic message in a city resurrection. The Mount of Ascension-Place of power and the Great Commission.

It would be hard to imagine anything that eQuId that is noted :for its fanaticism. M.ost Christian evangelists in Iran have a room bring more jQy than the pr.oclamation of such or office where peQple may come to see them for great truths. If any Christian has, lost his joy in conversation .or to secure Christian literature. In preaching it must be because he has lost contact our .own evangelistic rQom we have a Bible class with these great and fundamental truths. If any each Sunday morning for Moslem men. Though worker for Moslems has lost the j.oy of such service let him return to his God-given Message and the attendance is somewhat irregular because most of the young men are from the upper classes of he will find there what he has lost. the g.overnment schools, we very often have thirty Islam has no real vital message. In a large or forty or even more of these intelligent young town of our province a number .of mullahs came men; they must often cut their classes to come. to our rQom. We asked them to choose a man to What a joy to have such hearers; their attendspeak for thirty minutes on the message .of Islam ance is entirely vQluntary, yet they leave their and we would speak for a similar time on the own school work to come and listen! That should Christian message. They chose the leading m.uj- bring joy to the heart of any Christian preacher. tahid who spoke for .only five minutes. We took the other twenty-five minutes of his time and the Opportunities to present the Christian message half-hour allotted to us to present the Christian are not confined to large congregations but come message. This has happened over and .over again from personal contacts in our every day WQrk. In in our experience. Great should be our JQY for a certain city I was invited, with a mission doctor, we have a wonderful message, which Islam has to the home of the head of the tax department.

not. He had also asked the Governor of the district, The Moslem Hearers the head .of the education department, several vil- lage landowners, and others to come to his home We not only have a message but we find in Mos- for conversation with us. We were able to prelem lands many who are ready to listen to it. sent tQ these officials the straight Christian mes- Though there are great .obstacles to be .overcome, sage and they seemed glad t.o listen. Recently yet we thank God for the great oPPQrtunities. that after Easter I stood in a school for girls with the lie around us. The fanaticism and bigotry which whole student body before me. The large room fQrmerly refused to listen to the message .of Christ was darkened and at the front .of the rQQm there have largely passed away. The tremendous social was a cross illumined by electric lights, covered changes and the m.odern outlook, together with by white cloth and lilies. By the light of the cross the new nationalistic spirit, sometimes make for I read the resurrection story. The great majority more freedom in preaching, and at other times of the girls were from Moslem families, yet there they .offer hindrances; yet in all we rejoice that was respectful silence and strict attention. Whose the general flow of the tide is toward a more ready heart would nQt overflow with joy at such an ophearing and more people willing to consider the portunity to preach Christ? claims of the Gospel. Last year, returning across the lake from visit- In the large cities all over Iran we have recently ing the churches in the Urumia region, I started been holding special evangelistic meetings. Some- a religious conversation with an army doctor soon times for a week these services have continued after the boat had left the pier. Others gathered each day and s.ometimes for longer periods. They around and through the whole day the conversa-

THE PRIVILEGE OF PREACHING TO MOSLEMS

tion went on, with all listening who were free to a mob of men. Some entered the room and began gather around. It was one more joyful chance for beating converts who were with us. They threw personal work. us out of the room; as they pushed us out of the yard, one man said, "If you ever come in this yard As a subject of a Moslem country, I live under again, or even in this street your blood will be a constitution which establishes Islam as the State spilled on these cobblestones." After we left a religion, yet there is an open door for the Gospel man who had lately professed Christ was shamewhich no one can shut. I have the joy of diffi- fully beaten by the rabble. culties to be overcome and the daily joy of seeing non-Christians willing to hear the message Christ Some time ago, as I was leaving the church, a has sent me to give. young Moslem put a sealed letter into my hand. I did not open it until I got home and then found it The Joys of Tribulation contained a threat that if I tried to convert Mos- lems to Christianity, either by preaching in the There is another sort of joy that comes from church or personal work, my blood would be shed suffering and persecution for Christ. The joy of in the street. It was signed "The Group of those the day of Pentecost was one sort of happiness for who Shed Blood." the Apostle Peter, but when some time later he was beaten he found joy in that experience also. We must expect at any time to be put out of We read in the Acts that "they departed from the places where we go to preach. Our books will be presence of the council rejoicing that they were seized and we may have trouble but, like the Hecounted worthy to suffer shame for his name." brews to whom the apostle wrote, most of us "have The Apostle Paul must have rejoiced to see not yet resisted unto blood." Even should it be churches spring up through his efforts but his our privilege to share the martyr's crown, we will heart broke forth in joy at the thought that his still say with the prophet Nehemiah, "For the joy apostleship was sealed by fellowship with Christ of the Lord is your strength." in His sufferings.. Just as we fail to match the apostles in power, so we fail to attain to a fellow- The Joy of the Harvest ship in suffering such as they enjoyed. The trials we are called upon to bear are trivial in compari- There is the joy in gathering fruit. We do not son to their sufferings, yet our own may be enough see great numbers of Moslems accepting Christ, to bring that deep joy which comes only through or mass movements such as are reported in India, sharing with Christ in pain and distress. Korea and Africa. We must work and pray for one convert from Islam, but in the large centers, Some years ago I was touring with one of the where churches are established, there quite a missionaries. We reached a district in the moun- group join the church each year. In the villages,· tains where so far as I know Christian evangelists on the other hand, there may be a single convert had never been. Some sixteen years before one here and there but we struggle toward the stage Christian had passed through the district. We where we may witness groups. of Christian became into a village just before nightfall, in a storm lievers in villages and small cities. The main reaof rain and wind. We asked for a place to stay sons why we do not see large numbers of converts but there was not one family in the place that are: would receive Christians – especially in our wet condition. They thought that we would contam- The lack of religious freedom; Religious or national fanaticism; a inate their houses in that condition. They showed Loss of economic and social standing; Actual persecution of converts. us the ruins of barn but we decided it would be beUer to stay in the streets than among the ver- One time, touring with a new missionary who min there. Another man took us to an old chicken had come from America a short time before, we house, one of the most filthy places I have ever stopped at a druggist's shop in the bazaar and a seen. At last one man suggested that there was crowd started to gather when they saw we were a shelter in an orchard some way from the village. speaking about Christ and the Injil (Gospel). I We made our way out there and found some sort moved to a wide part of the bazaar and at least of a room upstairs; we put our saddlebags over a hundred people gathered and gave me a wonderthe places where windows should have been and ful opportunity to preach the Gospel. They lisat last made our beds with the wind and rain tened with fine attention and were evidently imwhistling through our abode~ I have never in my pressed by the message. As we returned to our life enjoyed a sweeter sleep than that night. room my heart was singing, but I noticed that the young missionary seemed sad. When I asked the At one time I was invited with a missionary to reason, he replied, "I am filled with sorrow bethe home of a prominent man who had recently cause not one man stood up before the crowd and been converted from Islam. As we were talking confessed Christ. In such a meeting in America, a high Moslem ecclesiastic entered the room and we saw that the yard was filled with mullahs and

with people listening with that sort of attention, connection with our church, confessions had been at least fifteen or twenty would have arisen to few. One morning a young man, who had been confess their faith." Those of us who have spent attending services for some time, came into my many years in work for Moslems hope for that offic·e and made a clear confession of his faith in day but we have not yet seen it. Men and women Christ. He was from a good family and now has are born into the Kingdom one by one and great a good position as a clerk in the military service. is our joy over one soul that steps out into the How glad our hearts are made after a season of sunlight of Christ. little apparent fruit when we see the Spirit work- ing to turn men to Christ! One day as I was passin.g a vineyard, a boy came running and asked us into the garden where In one village I passed a mullah sitting in a an old man was sitting.. I read to him the story shop. Something made me turn back and I found of the Prodigal Son, and before I was through the he had never read the Injil, so I gave him a copy. old gentleman was crying like a child. He under- After that there was not a day when we did not stood the meaning of the story before I had ex- converse; he was certainly near the Kingdom and plained a word and I am satisfied he found Christ came to a full understanding of the love of Christ. in that single interview. In one village I had a conversation in a Bahai house that lasted until One of the fondest memories of my work for midnight. The owner was not converted but one Moslems was the conversion of a leading mullah, man who was present was deeply affected. He a descendant of the prophet Mohammed, who had came to see us later and before we had left the charge of several mosques. His was a wonderful village he confessed Christ and has remained true conversion and he not only believed but preached to. this day. his faith with utter disregard of consequences. He was called upon to suffer persecution which I recall three young men with whom I came in almost made him despair of life itself. But noth- .contact through the young people's society of our ing has been able to shake his faith. The last time church. One of them later confessed that he had I saw him he had a book in his hand and showed been drinking the first time he attended a meeting me two pictures,as others on the street stopped and had gone there as a lark. They all later con- to look and listen. One was the picture of a lion fessed Christ and though they have separated to and the other of a lamb. He said to me, "In the places that are far apart each has done much for end this one will triumph," pointing to the lamb. Christ in this land. It is not necessary to mention many other cases In one large city I had been working alone for which come to mind. As the angels in Heaven several weeks with very small show of results. I are filled with joy when one sinner repents, so we had given a Bible to a young man of a very prom- are happy beyond measure to see one soul from inent family. One evening as I sat in my room Islam born anew in Christ. If we carry the real almost discouraged as to the work, the young man message, in prayer and the power of the Holy came in. He had been reading the Bible, and be- Spirit, the fruit will come whether we or others fore he left, he confessed faith in Christ. My are to harvest it. I can conceive of no greater joy pessimism was· changed to joy. Shortly after this than that of seeing souls come out of Islam to take another man, who was a tailor and had been read- their place beside others who were formerly Zoro- ing much of our literature, confessed Christ and astrians or Jews, Armenians or Assyrians, and began to witness for Him. The poor man never all these together building the Church of Christ in reached the point where he could quite give up Iran. We praise God for our opportunities. "He his old custom of smoking opium but he professed that goeth forth and weepeth, bearing precious his faith before all up to the time of his death. seed, shall doubtless come again with rejoicing, bringing his sheaves with him." During some months of evangelistic work in A church that divides the Christian community is impotent to transform or redeem it.- Rev. Ross Sanderson.

*** We have sometimes covered over the ugly and dangerous weaknesses of our civilization and have given them the appearance of strength.-Rev. A. E. Keigwin.

FOR LEPER COUPLES IN A LEPER COLONY, NORTHERN

Obeying Christ's Forgotten Command Dona Eunice and the Lepers of Brazil _.o~ ~o._ r By EULA KENNEDY LONG, formerly of Brazil I A MONG those present at the fourth Interna- eradication of this dread disease in one generar-. tional Conference on Leprosy, which met in tion."

Cairo last March, was Dona Eunice Gabbi About a decade ago, under the capable and un- Weaver, a native Brazilian who married an selfish leadership of Dona Eunice, a small group American Methodist missionary in Brazil. She of Christian women began the work which is now came as official delegate and was the only woman carried on by seventy-two societies, associated in to read a paper before the conference. Dona a Federation of which she is the national presi- Eunice is a product of Christian missions, for she dent. They have erected prevention homes for received her early education in the mission the care of children whose parents have been in- schools of Argentina and Brazil. Later, she took terned in Government "colonies," and for un- a nursing course; and in 1929, toured the world tainted babies taken from leprous mothers at on one of our "Floating Universities." For some birth.

years after their marriage, Mr. and Mrs. Weaver Since the disease is not inherited, a child's superintended the Methodist Settlement House in safety depends on immediate removal from a dis- Rio de Janeiro. eased mother. Tragic as this separation is to the About eight years ago Dona Eunice became in- mother, it is less terrible than that of seeing her terested in the lepers of her country and took up child doomed to hopeless suffering.

the work as a life investment. Up to that time, A very important phase of this work is keep- efforts in their behalf had been sporadic and ing up the morale of the patients. Dr. Muir, of In- localized. According to Dr. H. C. Tucker (for al- dia, has said that 85 per cent of the cure of lep- most fifty years Secretary of the American Bible rosy consists of moral and spiritual help, and Society in Brazil), "no one in Brazil is doing so only 15 per cent is due to medical care. Societies, great a work in dealing with this gigantic 'prob- therefore, have provided work-shops, libraries, lem as is Dona Eunice Weaver. Dr. Victor Heiser recreation centers and Christian chapels for the states that "Brazil may lead the world in the pres- patients, and organize entertainments for Christ- o ervation of the children of lepers and in the mas and other special days.

[585 ]

This work is in cooperation with the Federal and other influential men and women, receiving Government, which has built some twenty colo- cooperation from the humblest widow, as well as nies (in which about twelve thousand lepers are from the first lady of the land, Dona Darcy Varnow interned) and has fourteen more under con- gas. struction. Getulio Vargas is the first president of the country to attack this problem in a vigorous One of the most interesting and heartening and statesmanlike way. But government alone features is that Dona Eunice, although a Protescannot carryon all phases of this stupendous un- tant, has secured the cooperation of Roman Cathdertaking. It must have the assistance of private olics, Spiritualists, and Positivists. Her success beneficent organizations. in carrying out Christ's oft-forgotten command to cleanse the lepers, proves that Christian love, in From the pampas of the South to the waters of actual practice, can transcend barriers of class and the Amazon, Dona Eunice travels by train, ship, creed, and be a living force in .the service of sufauto and military plane, enlisting the sympathy fering fellow-men. and active support of state governors, Rotarians, Presenting the Good News in Brazil By E. M. do AMARAL, Rio de Janeiro Secretary of the Evangelical Federation of Brazil W HENEVER the message of the New Tes- The Christian conscience of the people of the tament reaches men, no matter how di- so-called "Younger Churches" reacts immediately, verse the interpretations may be, it will awakened by the responsibility for evangelizing always speak vigorously to the consciences, ap- the world in accomplishing the missionary task. pealing to the sacred missionary responsibility. They cooperate in the great labors initiated in Christians everywhere receive, as a command, the their country. duty of propagating the Good News of salvation; to present to men the unique Personality of Jesus But it is just to mention that, at the touch of Christ-the incarnation of the highest ethics, and the international or ecumenical spirit of Chrissupreme giver of energies for conduct. It is a tianity quite evident in the work of the Missions, duty to spread among the masses the noble in- the Christians of the evangelized countries awake, fluences of the Gospel. both in their duty to do missionary work and in their national feelings. For the love of their coun- The peoples who had already experienced try they wish to propagate the light of Christ; Christianity for centuries-and especially the or- and because Christianity awakens the conscience ganization which followed the principles of the of personality, and on account of the fact that the Great Reformation of the sixteenth century-felt national feelings do not die, there is born the dein its full power this heavy responsibility to prop- sire that the work, started by self-denying pioagate the teachings and the spirit of Jesus, to con- neers of other lands, may be carried on by those vey His influences among the people who did not who have received the fruits of the missionary know Christ, or who were in unfavorable circum- labors. stances on account of wrong interpretations and practice of Christianity. They have felt this duty, It is needless to call attention to the struggles and have sought to perform it with earnestness which have been fought, in these circumstances, and tenacity. many times due to lack of understanding from both sides as to their respective functions. Thanks In the exercise of this duty by the missionary to God, that there is already a new spirit predomcountries, there developes a true internationalism, inating and a better comprehension of duties will which exists in the religion of Jesus Christ, and bring greater blessings to the missionary enterwhich, in order to bestow benefits and accomplish prise in all the world. There is a reasonable its spiritual mission, is beyond racial and political expectation that this will come to pass. barriers. Again, this international spirit meets and often awakens the national spirit of the peo- Br.azil has already been the host to French ples who receive the blessings of the missionary missionaries in the colonial period (sixteenth cenenterprise. tury); and has had a movement of the Reforma- tion to a certain extent, during the Dutch control;

PRESENTING THE GOOD NEWS IN BRAZIL

also, in colonial times (seventeenth century) ; and God, and it is fair to mention that they are en- was educated in the principles and loose practices gaged in it with enthusiasm and a burning sense of Roman Catholicism. Not speaking about visits, of responsibility.

now and then, already received in the nineteenth In the capitals and in the larger cities, but espe- century, she began to receive the evangelical mis- cially on the coast, we have already strong sionary influence only in the last quarter of the churches-many of them self-supporting and help- last century, less than 80 years ago, implanting ing smaller churches as well as the general work, the regular work of the various Missions, which and maintaining regular missionary work within brought us their great blessings and, let us say their areas. Whosoever will examine rapidly the also, transported to the new land the sectarian evangelical enterprise in some capitals, will note struggles of Europe and America. the churches maintaining various preaching sta- Already, within a half century, the feeling of tions and congregations, within a short time will ecclesiastical autonomy has been greatly awak- develop into new churches and all of them dedicate ened, which means the privilege of self-govern- themselves to propaganda.

ment, responsibility for self-support, but still the A considerable part of the evangelistic field is in sacred duty to propagate the Good News by our the rural zone, and even there, in spite of the lack own efforts. A great progress has already been of resources, the National Church does the same achieved. There are denominations entirely auton- work of evangelism. It is a perplexing problem omous; others, which are autonomous, even in Brazil, but the Christian workers and the Counthough they receive some support from the Mis- cils face the situation with courage and energy. sions; and others upon which the missions have The rapid development of the churches comes yet preponderant influence. We have gone quite a way in the direction of about in such a way, that within a short time, the field of labor of one worker multiplies itself, the rethis equilibrium, which generates a healthy, mu- sponsibilities increase, new centers come up, new tual respect between the missionary and the native churches are organized in much larger proporforces; and also we affirm that there is not, in a tion than the regular growth of the number of general sense, the sad "nationalism" which dead- workers. A distinguished Brazilian preacher who ens the work. We meap to say this: the collab- occupies an important pastorate in one of the oration of missionaries and Brazilians is of such largest churches in Brazil, and who is working a nature that these can develop, with liberty and very efficiently, was the initiator of the work of satisfaction, the promotion of the Christian cause. evangelization in a vast rural zone, in which there We are thankful to report the fact that the are today, instead of the small church then organ- Brazilian Churches, all of them, felt the impera- ized, not less than three Presbyteries.

tive missionary duty, and all of them, continually, Completely occupied with the common labors, with some enthusiasm, by their own initiative and and with this work in which the cure of souls and expenses, and employing their own methods, do the propagation of the Gospel extend together, the the best work of propaganda that they can. Brazilian workers have not always had sufficient The Christian schools of Brazil are yet in a funds for spreading out and planting new marks great part under the direction of missionaries, in far-away places in the outlying districts.

affiliated with various Missions in the United But all this is done, while the sons of the States. In the Theological Schools there are also "younger churches," feeling the weight and glory some missionaries, even though nearly all the of their mission, are face to face with the hard Schools of Theology are under the Brazilian lead- task of giving guidance to the general work. The ership. In the regular pastorate there are several Evangelical press, the training of ministers, the missionaries, but in considerably less proportIon, general work of Christian cooperation,· although and variable according to the denominations with helped by missionary experience quite often, is which they are connected. In the work of evan- on the shoulders of the nationals. Along these gelization, in zones in which the Brazilian lines, the Fifth Evangelical Congress, which met churches cannot have much influence, and espe- in S. Paulo, in 1936, had an important task; with cially in the hard task to evangelize territories far the help of missionaries who were there they made away from the civilized centers, there is a fine a careful study of questions. regarding evan- number of self-denying missionaries, including gelization, education, literature, social action, missionary ladies worthy of all respect, who are ecumenism, unity, held the attention of the Con- doing splendid educational work and nursing, far gress and very important conclusions and recom- away from the resources of civilization. mendations were made, in which there is a cou- Excluding these and other works, which the rageous acknowledgment of past mistakes and Brazilian evangelicals receive with gratitude, the shortcomings, and the presentation of desirable national leaders, naturally, have an ample and steps. and initiatives to follow in behalf of the heavy task in the propagation of the Kingdom of future kingdom of Christ in Brazil.

Adventure in Panjab

By HELEN A. DUFF Missionary of the American Presbyterian Church at Moga, Pan;ab AN AMERICAN woman, beginning mission- brought encouragement. But in many villages she r-. ary work with her husband a few years ago found none but tottering and toothless old women in the Bible classes. "Why do not the young ones in the villages of southeastern Panjab, was come?" she asked. astonished to find that almost none of the Christian women in that district knew anything about "They haven't time. They are busy with their the new religion which they professed. In each children and their husbands, with their grinding village there was usually a man or two who could and spinning, and all the business of living. What tell a few Bible stories from the mission course time have they to think of God? But with us, who then in vogue, but scarcely a woman knew so have finished with living, our children are dead, much as the name of Christ. There was no dis- or grown and it is well now for us to give a cernible difference between their mode of life and thought to God and to death and the Judgment bethat of their outcaste neighbors. The homes and fore it is too late." children of the Christians were as dirty as others in the village; many charms were to be seen about Young mothers, wrestling with the problem of their necks; and much quarreling and filthy lan- how to find enough bread for their children, how guage was heard; they showed as little interest to save them from cholera and blindness and the "evil eye," and all the rampant vice of village life in school. were not concerned with God. He could be of no "Perhaps the evangelists take no interest in service to weary and despairing souls who groaned under the degradation of an outcaste teaching the women," thought the missionary woman's lot. Why should they give much time to wife. "They teach only the men." She decided to think of Him, when as yet their day for dying explain to the evangelists that the women also was still far off? should be taught. The evangelists listened politely. Some took the trouble to explain why such a The old women's answer marked the turning thing was not to be expected. There were a num- point in that district. We decided to undertake ber of reasons-time-honored sex taboos and to do something more creative. In many villages women's brainlessness. The headstrong young the old women still sit, passively content to listen foreigners must find out for themselves the utter to Bible stories, but twice a year now, increasing unreasonableness of their expectations. numbers of young women and girls flock eagerly into the mission station for a sort of girls' camp, The missionary changed her tactics. She de- for two weeks of dynamic study. cided to inspire the evangelists' wives to take up the service, each in her own home village. But The experiment was launched with misgiving. there were many practical difficulties. In that "Parents will never send their daughters," said district there was no precedent for such a pro- the wise and experienced evangelists. In the becedure. The women were not used to sitting in ginning few did. But in that first critical two classes. All their lives they had been told that weeks' session, the few girls who came had such they had brains like the buffal'Q.cf.The evangelists' a rich experience that their drab lives were wives dften reminded them of the fact. Besides, changed and the news spread. As a result many these wives had to care for their own homes and a girl has prevailed upon fearful old parents or children and could not take on more work, for a jealous or stingy young husband, to allow her which they were not paid. to attend camp once, if not twice, in the year. But gradually, by persistent prayer, with ex- A group of little two-room native houses was ample and precept, the work was begun. From found where the girls might live for two weeks. scattered villages came reports of women learn- All the activities of the camp are used to convert ing Bible stories. No radical change of life these drab mud houses into. what a Christian vilseemed to follow ammediately, but that would lage home should be! The girls pasted the houses take time. The missionary began making visits neatly with thin mud plaster, built tidy fireplaces, to the villages where women were listening; her decorated their walls with designs of their own praise of those teachers who were most faithful in white clay, or color. Pictures cut from maga- [588 ] zines have added splashes of color. Simple little There is at times tension or lack of cooperation, hand-made pottery have a place in the scheme. but as each situation arises, it gives opportunity Beds neatly spread and clean floors gradually for the girls themselves to evaluate it in the light become the standard. Personal charm has been of the standards which they themselves have ac- enhanced by daily washings and combing of hair, knowledged. Behavior is measured by the motto weekly washing of clothes, and getting rid of lice they have chosen, "In love serve one another."

once-for-all! Girls take turns in cooking, learn- The babies who are sure to attend also learn ing from a woman who is a mistress of the art. much, for these are made the subjects of all the There are also lessons in soap making, cutting experiments in baby bathing and weighing, in and sewing of garments, knitting, baby care, and feeding and discipline! They learn to take their sometimes in simple gardening and chicken rais- food once every four hours, instead of every time ing. they whimper. They learn to sleep, cool and com- The twice-a-day lessons in reading are attacked fortable, in their little cots, while their mothers with more zest than anything else and we find attend school. They like this better than being that there is nothing which so much enhances· constantly jiggled and smothered in mother's self-respect as an ability to read. warm lap. Mothers like it better too. Finally, Lessons in Bible are not cut-and-dried, but free they return to their village homes, bedecked in discussion is encouraged, to find answers to ques- the gaudy new shirts which their young mothers tions about daily living. have made for them. Two- and three-year-olds "What shall I do when my child gets fever? learn to detach themselves from mothers' skirts, My mother-in-law tells me that the blood of a and have a good time independently in an attrac- black goat smeared on the bed posts would be tive little nursery school.

helpful." Each morning and evening during the camp the "What is the harm in child marriage?" girls gather, sometimes together and sometimes "How should my husband treat me?" in separate house groups, for Christian worship.

"Why should I not slap my child when he an- On the last days, when the girls must return to noys me? How else can I control him?" their villages, their expressions of regret and To these and other daily problems the girls and their wistful yearnings to stay longer, are di- teachers try to find the Christian answer, in the verted into the more positive attitude of service light of Christ's teaching. There is gratifying for others. What are they taking back to their evidence of the effectiveness of this more realistic villages? Will they find some other girls to teach?

method, despite its many flaws. Staff meetings to Here and there a village girl can be found who prepare for class discussions have helped. has learned to read a little, or to knit, or to keep There is also much fun in these schools. There her children cleaner and to quarrel less with her are trips to thE! ice factory (as good as a trip to mother-in-law, because a friend who has been to Europe), picnics on the canal bank, games and camp has shown her that Christ teaches her to songs, and village folk dances. do those things if she wishes to follow Him.

TEN RULES FOR OHRISTIAN LIVING By THE LATE GENERAL WILLIAM BOOTH 1. Consider your body as the temple of the Holy Spirit and treat it with reverence and care. 2. Keep your mind active. Stimulate it with thoughts of others that lead to doing something. 3. Take time to be holy with daily Bible reading and prayer. 4. Support the church of your faith. Mingle with others. 5. Cultivate the presence of God. He wants to enter your life and will,-as far as you let Him. 6. Take God into the details of your life. You naturally call upon Him in trouble and for the bigger things. 7. Pray for this troubled, war-threatened world and the leaders who hold the destinies of the various nations. 8. Have a thankful spirit for the blessings of God – country, home, friends and numerous "

other blessings. 9. Work as if everything depended upon work, and pray as if everything depended upon prayer. 10. Think of death not as something to be dreaded, but as a great and new experience where loved ones are met and ambitions realized.-Selected.

Lift Up Christ in

Two Methods of Introducing Jesus to Non-Christians _o·<tH{1.:;11====B;;;;Y;;;;A;;;;M=IS;;;;SI;;;;O;;;;N;;;;AR=Y=IN=IND=I;;;;A====!III.- My FIRST year of evangelistic work in the Maddened by his prowess, the Mohammedans Panjab was spent in a proud and big- grew acrimonious in their attacks, saying abusive oted Mohammedan city, where for fifty things of Christ, and making personal attacks on years Christian work had been carried on with the evangelist. The Christian maintained his good almost no visible results. A spirit of defeatism humor, but his tongue grew more adroit in trip- and indifference, and even of antagonism to the ping up his less skilful rivals, demolishing their non-Christians, characterized the local church. arguments with his brilliant irony.

The Christians, having come from the Depressed Long before the evening was over, it was evi- Classes, were scorned by their proud Moham- dent that the Moslem opponents were routed. The medan neighbors, and it is not easy to love peo- discussion ended with shrill and furious invective ple by whom one is scorned! on one side, and cries of victory on the other. On But the Indian pastor and the missionaries had their way home, some of the Christians were plans for stirring the city into new life. A short seized and beaten by enraged Mohammedans, but time before the Panjab had been startled by the they gloried in their sufferings for Christ.

news that a brilliant and zealous Mohammedan Some of us who were new to the work were dis- maulvi (theologian) had been converted to Christ. turbed by the unfriendly spirit shown and there- As in the case of Paul, the talents which former- after dissociated ourselves from such debates.

ly had been skilfully used to refute the claims of Our Christian associates were patient, pointing Christ were now even more vigorously employed out that more Gospels had been sold during that in defense of the Christian faith. In the hope of week than in the whole preceding year. God could stirring lethargic Christians to fresh zeal, and of "make even the wrath of man to praise Him,"

converting hardened Mohammedans, the church whereas indifference was more difficult to over- leaders invited this man to come and give a series come. Some Moslems came to ask questions, while of evangelistic addresses before his former co- others sought to quarrel with the pastor and the religionists-the Moslems. missionaries. We were amazed w~en three young He had accepted the invitation and the news Mohammedan men asked for baptism at the close was soon spread, through every alley of our city of the campaign. They had become convinced, and into surrounding villages. It was rumored they said, by the logic of the evangelist, that to among the Christians that the local maulvies, follow the way of Mohammed would surely lead fearful lest their learning might not prove ade- them to hell. The baptisms aroused such bitter quate to the challenge of so illustrious an oppo- antagonism in the city that the young men seemed nent, had sent to Amritsar and to Lahore for two to be in peril of their lives and were obliged to of their most scholarly and most eloquent maul- make their escape into another part of the counvies to uphold the Prophet's honor. Excitement try. For a time every home in the city was closed ran high. Christian evangelists, as they went to us. about in house to house visiting, were sharply *** questioned about the coming addresses, and some- When the Christian Students' Council of a times were taunted in the streets. Christian college planned to show stereopticon On the night of the first debate, crowds filled slides of the "King of Kings" (Life of Christ) in the arena. Men and women with babies, attended the college chapel, where attendance was volun- from the Christian compound. For the first time tary, a group of Mohammedan students, prej- in the history of our city, Christianity was head- udiced against Christianity, determined to cause line news. The debate began in dignified and a disturbance.

scholarly manner, as the maulvies matched their As the lights went out, and the picture was learning against that of their Christian rival. It shown, the mischief makers began to chatter, soon became apparent that the maulvies were far shuffle their feet, snap their fingers, hoot in de- out-classed in their knowledge of the subject. rision, and throw paper wads at the figure of Again and again the convert scored, tearing to Christ on the screen. The president of the college pieces with ease the arguments of his opponents. felt that he could not allow such insults to his [590 ] Master, and sprang to his feet to shut off the pic- ly the audience watched that broken body taken ture. Just then there came before him the mental picture of Jesus and His disciples, weary and from the Cross and laid sorrowfully in its resting footsore at the end of a day's journey, refused place by His brokenhearted friends. The crowd shelter in a village of Samaria. While the dis- was deeply impressed as that invincibly friendly, ciples, in anger at this indignity to their Master, virile, gallant Spirit went down to seeming dedesired to call down fire from Heaven on the in- feat, so unmerited and ignominious. But with the hospitable village, "Jesus turned and rebuked dawning of Easter morning, when the noble figthem; and they went to another village." The ure of Christ rose from his grave, living and vicpresident decided to ignore the disturbance, and torious, the whole student body was on its feet let the picture go on. and the oppressive stillness was broken with cheer after wild cheer, exultantly ringing through Little by little, as Jesus walked before them on the chapel: "He has conquered!" the screen, healing the sick, comforting the sorrowful, playing with little children, gradually the The next day a sober-faced committee of Moshuffling of feet, and the derisive "cat calls" les- hammedan students called at the president's office. sened. Later, when the scenes of Christ's suffer- "We came to beg forgiveness," they said, "for our ing on the Cross were thrown on the screen, a shameful rudeness of yesterday. We would never tense and breathless stillness filled the room. Quiet- have acted as we did, if we had supposed that Jesus was like that!"

CHURCH GIVING HAS INCREASED The statistics of the United Stewardship Council (Harry S. Myers, Sec.) are for the church years ending between December 31, 1937, and September 1, 1938. These figures show an increase in giving to benevolences and to congregational expenses; membership also shows an increase.

The new depression that started in the fall of 1937 caused a severe slowing up in contributions in many churches, but the total for the year is larger than the total for the preceding report. In per capita giving the United Presbyterians stand at the head with $5.47 per capita for general benevolences and $7.09 for denominational work.

The increase in giving by the listed twenty-five church bodies is $2,313,425.00, or is .007 per cent over the preceding year.

All groups except five show a growth in membership; the Southern Baptists stand first with 4,595,602. The total membership, exclusive of infants, reported by these twenty-five church bodies in the United States and Canada, is 25,143,316, an increase of 133,766, over the statement made last January.

RELIGIOUS BODY 1 – -P-ER- -OA,P-IT-A-G-IF-TS- – – – 1 – – – – -T-O,T-AL-G-IF-T-S – – – – – – 1 Membership Denomina· oongrega. Denomina· Oongrega- Excluding tlonal Be· tiona! All tiona! tiona! AIl Purposes Infants nevo!ences Expenses Purposes Benove!ences Expenses 1——1——–1———-1——–1—— I Baptist, Northern ………………. .. $1.76 $10.19 $II.95 $2,590,305 $14,957,043 $17,547,348 1,468,043 2 Baptist, Southern ..•……………… 1.24 5.78 7.02 5,702,150 26,563,537 32,265,687 4,595,602 3 Baptist, Seventh Day ……………. .. 3.79 10.45 14.24 25,736 70,968 96,704 6,793 4 Brethren, Church of ……………… . 2.23 7.89 10.12 368,269 1,300,000 1,668,269 164,784 5 Brethren in Christ, United ………..• 1.92 10.02 II.94 790,793 4,125,218 4,916,011 411,674 6 Congregational and Christian …….. . 1.57 14.10 15.66 1,613,817 14,534,449 16,148,266 1,030,914 7 Disciples of Christ ………………. .. 1.33 6.08 7.40 2,130,988 9,768,528 ll,899,516 1,607,716 8 Episcopal, Protestant ……………. . 2.53 20.26 22.79 3,437,559 27,500,570 30,938,129 1,357,496 9 Evangelical Church ………………. . .69 19.07 19.76 162,820 4,498,461 4,661,281 235,868 10 Evangelical and Reformed ………… . 2.24 II.95 14.19 1,464,002 7,796,393 9,260,395 652,668 II Lutheran Church, United …………. . 2.32 12.26 14.59 2,612,550 13,802,994 16,415,544 1,125,399 12 Lutheran Conference, American …… . 2.62 11.31 13.93 2,699,066 11,658,225 14,357,291 1,030,861 13 Lutheran Conference, Synodical …… . 2.65 10.81 13.46 2,921,804 ll,894,245 14,816,049 1,100,572 14 Lutheran, Other Synods ………….. . 1.49 7.58 9.07 123,660 627,393 751,053 82,789 15 Methodist Episcopal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1. 98 14.11 16.09 7,285,917 51,788,184 59,074,101 3,671,ll5 16 Methodist Episcopal, South , ……… . 2.53 7.43 9.96 7,149,726 21,040,770 28,190,496 2,830,258 17 Muravian, North ………… , …….. . 4.86 17.38 22.24 84,603 302,234 386,837 17,392 18 Nazarene, Church of ……………… . 4.54 26.35 30.89 650,892 3,777,210 4,428,102 143,330 19 Presbyterian, United ., …………… . 7.09 16.80 23.89 1,276,683 3,025,969 4,302,652 180,065 20 Presbyterian, U. S, (So,) ………….. . 5.18 16.40 21.58 2,579,108 I 8,162,139 10,741,247 497,816 21 Presbyterian, U. S. A………. , ….. .. 3.58 17.64 21.23 6,823,443 33,584,4II 40,407,854 1,903,747 22 Reformed in America …….. , ……… . 3.76 19.66 23.41 598,440 3,132,064 3,730,504 159,343 23 Baptist, Ontario and Quebec …….. ,. 3.63 14.61 18.24 205,652 1 828,556 1,034,208 56,700 24 Presbyterian in Canada ………….. . 3.11 14.03 17.15 547,6331 2,467,362 3,014,995 175,824 25 United Church of Canada …………. . 3.62 14.13 17.75 2,306,259 8,995,562 11,301,821 636,547 1-.-.-.-.-..-.-.-.-. Average or total, 1938 … , …….. ,. $2.23 $11.38 $13.62 ……….. '1-.-.-.-..-.-.-..-.-1–.-.-..-.-.-..- ____A_v_e_r_a_g_e_o_r_t_o_t_a_I,_19_3_7_._._.._._._.._._'_'_"_"1__$_2_._16_ __$_1_0._9_6_ __$_1_3_,2_5_ _,_,_'_"_'_'_"_'_' _1_'_'_'_"_'_'_'_"_'_1__"_'_'_"_'_'_"_'_1__"_'_'_"_._._._. 1 1 1 _ _ _G_r_a_n_d_t_o_t_a_I,__19_3_8._._.._._._.._._.._._._._.'-'-'1-'._._.'_'_'_1_'_'_'_••_._._1_'_'_'._,_._'1 $56,151,875 _1$286,202,485 $342,354,360 25,143,316 Grand total, 1937 ….. …………. ……. .. ….. . …… $53,793,095 $272,964,745 $330,040,935 21,909,550

and the World's Crisis*

By INABELLE GRAVES COLEMAN, Richmond, Va.

Editorial Secretary of the Foreign Mission Board of the Southern Baptist Convention THOUSANDS, even millions of Christians When the first mISSIOnaries came to Yintak, around the world are celebrating milestones the present young people's leader was a tiny lad. of victory for Christ. Numerous reports of The American children attracted him and soon prevailing privations, persecutions, perseverances he was joining them in their story hour time and personalizations of both missionaries and na- about their mother's knees. Theile stories always tional Christians evidence manifold fulfillments included Jesus and the love of God. of the petitions of the pioneers of yesteryears. The Chinese lad was held spellbound by these No missionary has claimed that he or she has stories for they were like none he had ever heard made a sacrifice or complained because of priva- before. He retold them at home. None of his tions. There are some less surrendered souls who family had ever heard of Jesus but believed that may do so, but the missionaries dwell on life's there are many gods whom one must worship sweetest moments of fellowship with the spirit of in order to be prosperous. When the boy repeated God. Many of the by-products of the privations the stories of Jesus, his family did not like the however, would not be necessary if we at home idea of adding a "foreign god" to their list. would keep closer to missionaries in prayer and in knowledge of their needs. The climax came when this eldest son came home one evening declaring that this God of the One quiet evening in far interior China a for- foreigners is the only true God. Fear filled the eign missionary and an American on a missionary family. To fail to worship the spirit of one's anjourney sat sharing with the Chinese evangelists cestors and the gods of wel:tlth, health, the kitchen, their heart yearnings for God's Kingdom. After and the cradle or the gods. of thunder and disease, a little while the group knelt to pray. In Chinese, would bring great calamity upon the family. The in English, they joined their hearts in praises and lad's grandparents forbade his ever again seeing petitions to the Father of all. When they arose the foreigners. He must forget all that the twilight had given way to darkness, and only by strangers had taught him. But the child could not the glow of a flashlight could they find the door forget. The still small voice of God's Holy Spirit leading into the night. Without apology the had found entrance to his understanding. Alhostess said "Perhaps you wonder why I have not though he had never heard what Jesus said about given you light. There is a little group of Chris- loving father or mother more than God the lad tians not far from us who had no pastor. We chose to obey God. Today, as he counsels with were giving all we could to God's work, but some- Chinese youth, he understands what persecuone happened to remember that if all of us in our tion means to some who become Christian. little church would give our oil money, there would be enough to supply food for a pastor for this little *** flock. For two months we have had no oil for our lamps. We go to bed early and get up by God's Rumania's State Church is a branch of the Rosunlight. It is a good reminder to know that we man Catholic church, and when one of that church are in physical darkness that these babes-in- comes in vital fellowship with God's Spirit and Christ may have spiritual light. We remember Christ becomes his Mediator, he no longer goes to to pray more for them as we sit in the twilight's confession. Instead of paying fees to the priests, dimming glow, and have no oil for our lamps." his free-will, love-offerings are directed toward opening for others this true way of salvation In the two-thirds of the world where paganism through Christ Jesus and naturally the priests obreigns unrelieved by the Christian message, it is ject. Asa result the Evangelical is boycotted, exnot easy for one to turn from the ancestral to iled, persecuted. follow what seems to be a foreign religion. For many that would mean exile from home, family, Far in the north of Rumania is a little missionfriends and loss of means of support. ary society that included five young girls. One sunny April morning, when the beauty of spring- Ch:i~o~~e:i~~l~~~m 1~3~.isslonary Message given during the Florida time filled their hearts with melody, softly they sang a hymn. Before the chorus was completed, a [592 ] rough knock at the door filled them with fear. An The sorrow and suffering, and death in warofficer entered and marched them off to prison torn China today cannot be described. The picfor being "a public nuisance." Locked in a room, ture of death, hunger, and distress are too terrible whose ceiling and walls were dotted with many for words. knotholes, they were commanded to count these knotholes until they collapsed. It is not easy to In spite of war, imprisonment, boycott, and subbe a Protestant in dominantly papal lands. tle persecutions, the Christians of war-torn lands, totalitarian states, and other unenlightened na- The world's youth are on the march today, but tions are loyally persevering, faithfully witnesstheir bands are not playing "Onward Christian ing to Christ their Lord and Saviour. Soldier." These youth, in many parts of Europe, are marching to the commands of dictators like Recently one hundred and fifty young people Hitler, Mussolini, and Stalin. For disobedience of enlisted in special training for service under orders, they. suffer imprisonment. the leadership of Enrico Paschetto of Turin, Italy. More people were baptized into the Protestant In the prisons of Chosen there are today thou- churches of Rumania last year than during any sands of political prisoners. In Germany's con- previous year. centration camps there are said to be 100,000 men, of whom 10,000 are ministers of Christ. No one For the first time in China's history a corps of knows how many prisoners there are in Italy. In Christian medical students recently offered the Russia, imprisonment and exile have not been government their services and asked to be sent to sufficient to satisfy the dictators; many Christians the front to alleviate the suffering of their fellow have faced the firing squad. men. They are willing to risk their lives for others. One of the three hundred refugee camps Surely it matters to us that thousands of Chris- of Shanghai is located in Old North Gate Baptist tians in the world are persecuted for their loyalty Church. The day after the shelling of Natao, one to Christ. of the many missionaries who has chosen to re- main in China, braved the danger of flying shrap- Nazism that exalts a man above God; Fascism nels and stray bullets, and went over to this old that places. the State above God; Communism that church. The quietness when he entered the vesexiles God; Imperialism that claims divinity for tibule made him wonder what could create such a its emperor-all these attempt to fetter the souls silence among a multitude crowded into these of men. over-flowing quarters. He saw Pastor Y. C. Ching standing in the midst of this homeless, hun- Because Martin Niemoller preached from the gry crowd of crushed sorrowing humanity, readtext, "We ought to obey God rather than man," ing the 23rd Psalm. How could these people deshe was tried for treason and today he suffers in a titute, desperate, wounded, snatched from death "concentration camp prison." If he had said, that claimed their loved ones, understand those "We ought to obey Hitler instead of God," his fate words about the Lord as a Shepherd, from the would have been reversed. Over the beautiful psalmist? gates of one of Germany's oldest universities once was the challenge to youth: "To the living Spirit Then he remembered the words: "Surely He of the Eternal God." Now the word "God" has shall not fail nor be discouraged until He hath set been chiselled out, and "Germany" has been mor- his justice in all the earth, and the isles shall wait ticed in its place. for His law?"

Christians cannot be unaware of these facts. Calmly the missionary wove his way through The cause of Christ must be promoted with knowl- the mass of humanity until he stood by the calm edge of the conditions that affect missions and Christian pastor. Putting his arm about Mr. hinder or help the progress of the Kingdom. Ching's shoulders, the West and East, the white and the yellow races, brothers in Christ, testified "The Beauties of War" is the title of a recent to the fact that "The Lord is my shepherd." book from the pen of Mussolini's son, who has barely reached his majority. He depicts a spring- Faithfulness to Christ prevails in these lands time airplane flight through the heaven's blue of persecution and trial around the world. skies of Ethiopia. In the morning sunshine he spies a village of peasants-only women and chil- The Chinese ideograph for America is composed dren for all of the men and boys have gone to of a combination of characters meaning literally fight the intruding army. The young aviator "Beautiful Country to the West." Most of the drops a bomb on the peasants and with a laugh world thinks of the United States as a land synsoars above the dust and death he has created. onymous with beautiful freedom and delightful liberty. The eyes of the world are upon "Chris- Such hellish delight is incomprehensible to a tian America," as the United States is frequently Christian. Those thus destroyed lived in the land called by Christians of other lands where America of Abyssinia, the oldest nation to claim the name and her sins are not well known. "Christian."

At the Nanking home of Dr. Sun F'o in 1936, At a university luncheon in Nanking the Ameriwhen he was the head of the legislative depart: can guest sat next to a Chinese leader in Nanment of the National Government of China, a king's civic and social service work. Recalling group of Americans found their host in his office. their college days in America, they remembered Dr. Sun still wore his shaded reading glasses. that both of them had met at the Y. W. C. A. Before him were two opened books: a Bible, Camp at Blue Ridge a decade ago. (opened to the Proverbs of Solomon), and the Constitution of the United States of North "How did you come to give up the missionary America. With these pages before him, this Chi- call that burned so radiantly in your life then?" nese scholar and statesman was drafting the new ventured the American. constitution for the Republic of China. With national courtesy the Chinese woman hesi- A passenger on the Atlantic was coming to one tated, but the American urged her to forget Oriof the largest cities of the United States to teach ental politeness and to be Americanly-frank, for his native tongue. By calling, and in fifteen years she was asking the question for reasons deeper of service, he was a Christian minister and he had than curiosity. never taught school before. "Then, for Christ's sake, I shall tell you. As a "I would not have left my people-they need college girl in China I was very happy with the me now more than ever, but the churches are thought of going to America to be with and study closed; scores of preachers, who have dared to with people who love God. The night before our preach in spite of the government's repression, ship touched the United States, I did not even have landed in jail. But there is much we can do take off my clothes. I prayed all night. My heart without preaching in a pulpit. We can go from was full to bursting. I prayed three things: I h.ouse to house breaking the Bread of Life. Quiet- praised God over and over for such a privilege to ly we can shepherd our flocks. But my lad's come to Christian America; I prayed to be worthy mother died last summer. She was training him to set my feet upon America's soil-I felt so unto worship and encouraging him to be a Christian worthy; and I prayed for an open heart and mind in spite of Naziism. I was afraid to have the boy to receive the blessings of learning that I might grow up in a land that has exiled God. It is also be like the missionaries who come from this for the lad that I am coming to America. I want beautiful country to which I was now privileged him to have the blessings of growing up in Chris- to come. Then, but-" and her voice broke. tian America." Humiliated by the world's personalization of an Christian America? One trembles and prays! America unworthy of such admiration and es- May those who personalize and idealize America teem, Christians are moved by a renewed zeal to and call her people Christian, not be disillusioned! respond more faithfully to the aching heart of humanity.

The Prime Needs of a City Church By REV. G. H. BECHTOLD, D.D., Philadelphia -otil Executive Secretary, Board of Inner Missions, Evangelical Lutheran Church M OST Protestant congregations begin in supported by the congregation, usually support promising neighborhoods, in a growing themselves and are a source of support for the community of new homes and new fam- congregation. While the congregation grows and ilies. The folks have brought with them some prospers, it never outgrows its early manner of tradition of church attendance and join their new living. With the rapid changes in our modern friends and neighbors in erecting a new church urban life it suddenly finds itself panic stricken. building. For a longer or shorter period of time People are leaving the neighborhood and a differtheir chief occupation is paying the debt and rais- ent class of persons is coming in. Raising money ing the pastor's salary. Some city congregations for local expense and getting new members has not never get beyond that stage. In one communion. succeeded in permeating the community with the Gospel. Money raising devices may have made the over 80 % of the entire income was used for local congregation a nuisance to the small business man. Finally the congregation prepares to move to a expenses, interest, and liquidating debts. The Bible schpol and youth activities, instead of being

THE PRIME NEEDS OF A CITY CHURCH

"more promising" neighborhood. This is a drab tion. People have more leisure and more forms picture, but we need to examine ourselves before of amusement than ever. Amusement resorts proceeding to the building of a constructive pro- cater to capacity crowds but so do our hospitals for gram for action. mental diseases. The Church has a legitimate field in providing the plan and the opportunity for A change of attitude is a prime necessity in a clean pastimes. Music, dramatics and sports are truly Christian program. We read "My house health outlets for pent-up spirits. Folks learn to shall be called a house of prayer for all people." know one another better and are more ready to As a matter of fact, the average Protestant church work together in the serious work of Kingdom is chiefly a "house for the respectable middle building. In one large city church the older men class." We reach neither the very rich nor the were organized into twenty quoit teams. They very poor, although they are there among us. At played every night during the summer, becoming times, groups of congregations make a survey of better acquainted with each other, and in an in- their neighborhoods, but often that gives the indi- formal way, with the program of the church. vidual congregation no accurate picture of its field. Surveys must be made, in order that we may know For nineteen centuries the Christian Church who the people are who live in our parish. has been the St. Elizabeth of the needy. The vast State relief programs have overshadowed the work In every neighborhood there are static as well of the Church. Nevertheless only her persistent as moving elements in the population. Among benevolence has made it possible for the State to those who are static we find the conservative well- carryon on such a colossal scale. What the Church to-do, who were once active in the local church. lacks in funds she possesses in the miraculous Another group could not keep up the pace; they power of multiplying the loaves and the fishes. stayed in the neighborhood, but out of the church. Unemployment has had a devastating effect on In every community there are hidden treasures the life of all classes in the community. Lack of waiting to be turned up. There is a glaring illus- jobs causes lack of funds. Pride has kept many tration in the case of the aged widow in Philadel- former members out of the church. While it is phia for whose millions hundreds of hungry heirs laudable to say "Come whether you have money are squabbling, but for whose soul no church or not," what many really need is a job. Here we seemed to have any concern. have fallen down. Congregational employment committees cooperating with a community Free Having learned the possibilities of a field, the Employment Bureau conducted by the denomina- congregation must look at itself. Having gath- tion have sometimes been the means of finding ered the facts, the congregation must adopt a new work for hundreds in private and public positions. attitude of determination and optimism. First of all, its equipment must not look run down at the Social and economic changes afford the city heel. Many city churches were erected in the days church an opportunity to provide an outlet for the when folks had large families and when every exchange of ideas. In many cases, discussion one went to church. groups have taken the place of old debating clubs. People like to talk about present-day problems. People are conscious of a building that is clean In most congregations, there are one or more col- and well lighted and warm on cold days. lege graduates capable of conducting such a group. One danger is that the pastor may monop- Adequate and decent housing is one of the sta- bilizing factors in a city church. When the newly- oJize the time. Give the people a chance to answer weds can find a modern home close to the old home back. Our Lord had a deep concern for the physi- they will stay. If the family which has risen from cal welfare of the people; Christians may have poverty (are there any such today?) can find a no less. But what of the Gospel? Many sermons more comfortable dwelling among the old neigh- are only husks. The text often provides a peg on . bors they will remain. The church should have a which the preacher hangs his personal views. live interest in the enforcement of housing and What most people want is an authoritative presen- zoning laws, in order that she as well as her neigh- tation of the Scriptures in simple Anglo-Saxon. bors can live happily. It is more constructive to In many cases we have secularized the Church have some unsanitary condition corrected than to with such themes as "Patriotic Grandfathers' pay for the burial expenses of an innocent child Day," "Rocking Chair Sunday," and other cheap victim. tricks to draw a crowd. Worth-while services and messages send folks home with the conviction that People also need to be taught how to live in a they have been with God. home. Despite all the new fangled devices to lighten the "drudgery of housekeeping," nothing A church open every day, ministering to its has yet been invented to take the place of intel- neighbors all the day, is an answer to the prob- ligence. lem. True leadership involves surrounding one- self with an efficient force of workers. Instead of In most parishes in a city, nickelodeons, gramo- phones and player pianos started the process of drying up the wells of wholesome family recrea-

one pastor in a large city church there should be source of lay activity we could turn the ebbing three or four. Experience has shown that not tide in the city churches.

only the unchurched but many of our best work- We also need to cultivate the lost art of singing.

ers are in need of intense pastoral care. Mean- One small city church that we know, with a mem- while the solitary pastor is shackled by a multi-' bership of only 200 had three excellent choirs, an- tude of details that call for trained workers. other larger congregation has fifteen. Not only While every city church has audiences and or- have they served to hold together the group, ganizations, what it needs is worshipers who also spread the appreciation of good music, stimulated are workers, evangelists or deacons in the sense the singing of the congregation, but also they have of Acts 6: 3. City church societies should repre- sung the Gospel into hearts of many.

sent the spirit of Christian fellowship and be the In a community where there are people the training school for volunteer workers. In Ger- prime necessity of the city church is to believe in many the Protestant Church societies have had its mission to permeate and dominate the commu- more than three million volunteers ready at a nity with the Gospel of the Lord Jesus Christ, moment's notice for any service. With such a preached, lived and practiced.

Evangelistic Work in Ludhiana Hospital By D. M. PAYNE, Evangelist Memorial Hospital, Ludhiana, Pan;ab CHRISTIAN medical work brings us into been educated in a mission school, and would like touch with all classes of non-Christians- to read the Gospel story over again very carefully. Hindus, Mohammedans and Sikhs. Our ap- He bought a Gospel, and asked her to pray that proach to these people through our medical and as he reads Christ will reveal His full light to him health work is a very effective means of reaching so that he may find salvation and peace of heart. them with the Gospel message. In the hospital, where patients stay for a shorter or longer period, We also found this same earnest seeking after we have a unique opportunity of seeing their re- the truth as revealed in Christ, on the part of a action to the message and of finding out their atti- Hindu whose wife was admitted to the hospital for tude to Christ. Not only the patients, but their several weeks. He bought a Bible saying that he relatives, too, both men and women, have an op- had read it while in a mission school as a boy, but portunity of hearing the message day by day. had paid no attention to its teachings then. Now, however, he was anxious to read it over again very Many these days are buying copies of the Scrip- carefully from beginning to end. Another edutures and seem genuinely anxious to find out about cated Hindu, a master in a high school, whose wife these things for themselves. I think it is not an was in the hospital for some time, said that he exaggeration to say that there is a real spirit of had a Bible at home which he was in the habit of enquiry abroad in India just now on the part of reading to his wife and children. A text hanging many, who are dissatisfied with what their own on the wall of the ward, "The wages of sin is religion has to offer them, and this is causing them death, but the gift of God is eternal life through, to study: the Scriptures and listen with eagerness Jesus Christ our Lord" attracted his attention, and to the message of salvation through Christ. I one day he said, "Will you explain the meaning have, personally, met very few non-Christians of it to me? I have been pondering over it for the during my twelve years of service in this country last two days.'" who are really satisfied with their own religion, and can testify to having found the truth. On the The Hindu doctrine of Karma (salvation by contrary, I have met many who are ready to con- works) is a hopeless one, and it seems that some fess that they are in search of truth. of the thoughtful Hindus are wistfully looking to Christ for salvation that does not depend on the A short time ago the father of one of our Mo- self-effort of weak humanity. Our experienced hammedan patients was listenfng to the Gospel Bible worker, who visits among the "zenana" message while on a visit to his daughter. As the women in the city, reports that among the Hindus Biblewoman was preaching about the death and a number have given up the worship of idols and resurrection of Christ, he exclaimed, "Quite true! long pilgrimages to bathe in the Ganges to remove Quite true!" Afterwards he told her that he had the stain of sin. To some of these she has been

EVANGELIST WORK IN LUDHIANA HOSPITAL

preaching Christ for years. In some instances Him as a prophet, but since I have learnt more of their husbands have joined the Arya Somaj Com- Him during my stay here, I now know that He munity-an advanced sect of Hindus-who, in is the Son of God, and my Saviour from sin." Her spite of having given up idol worship and other eldest son, whose right it is to take the important old customs and superstitions, have still not set- position occupied by his father, refuses to do so tled the sin problem. Many are looking and long- because he says their religious teachers are false, ing for a manifestation of God in the flesh, the and rob the people whom they are supposed to coming of a Divine Being who is perfectly pure teach and shepherd. He says that his "two eyes and holy. Some of the women whom she has been have become four" since reading the Bible. teaching, have accepted Christ. One very significant fact in regard to the atti- The Mohammedans look upon Christ as one of tude of non-Christians towards Christianity, is their prophets, and reverence Him as such, but that they expect a higher standard of love and of do not believe that He died on the Cross to save life from Christians. sinners and think it is blasphemous to speak of Him as the Son of God. However we have come EIGHT CHRISTIAN COLLEGES FOR across a number whose hearing or reading of the WOMEN IN ASIA Word has had considerable effect on them, so that their ideas of Christ as taught them by their own There are eight Union Christian Colleges for religious teachers are changing, and one comes Women in the Far East. St. Christopher'S across many who have come to realize that He is Training College at Madras, India, opened in indeed the Son of God and Saviour of the World, 1923, has now an enrolment of 93 young women although only one here and there has actually with a practice school of 454 pupils. Its gradutaken the step of baptism, while there are a large ates are scattered all over India, teaching in number who are searching the Scriptures and are schools and colleges, in Christian, Hindu and gradually coming into the Light. A Mohammedan, Government institutions. a Police Officer, said to me the other day, Between three and four hundred Japanese "Since I have realized that Christ ..alone of our young women are studying at the Woman's prophets was born of the Holy Spirit, I have felt Christian College of Tokyo. Scholastic training compelled to make a study of His life and claims." is accompanied by practical Christian service.

A Mohammedan student who was in training in Ginling College recently at Nanking, China is our hospital for three and one-half years, recently having a desperate struggle and is operating in came to visit us, and said that the things she three units-one at St. John's College in Shanglearnt of Christ while here she has been passing hai, one at Hwa Chung College and a third at on to others. She said she was working in a part West China University, Chengtu. of the Panjab where many people have not heard the Gospel message, and invited us to go there Yenching College (co-educational) is operatand preach. This we did and found some who are ing within the Japanese lines at Peiping, China. really searching for the truth, and who took The enrolment is smaller than for some years. copies of the Scriptures to read. Others, to whom she had passed on what she had learnt of Christ Cheeloo University (Shantung) has had to as Saviour, are ready to come out on His side, abandon its buildings at Tsinan, but its doctors, and to acknowledge their faith before others in nurses and students are still serving the sufferbaptism. After we returned to Ludhiana a letter ing Chinese. came from a Mohammedan convert, whose home is in that area, begging us to come again, because, Isabella Thoburn College, Lucknow, India, has he said "The harvest is really ripe." He also enrolled 214 students; these include girls who added, "I explain about Christ, my Redeemer, to have never been out of p1;trdah before coming to the people of my blood, who are really very fond college and girls who haie never been in school of hearing the message," and then goes on to say, before. Its graduates ~re scattered all over "Most of this country is populated by Moham- India. medans, who regard the Lord as prophet. The only thing that is to be done is to get them to The Woman's Christian College at Madras, realize his Omnipotence." India, prepares for medicine and the higher branches of learning. Many of its students take Another hospital patient, the widow of a big graduate work in America or England. religious leader a m 0 n g the Mohammedans through hearing the Christian message daily, de- Missionary Medical College for Women at Velclared that she has given her allegiance to Christ lore, South India, is . .veIl known through the since hearing about these things. To quote her work of Dr. Ida Scudder. Here seventy young own words, she said, "Before coming here I knew women are in training for a life of service in a country where women doctors are especially needed. The roadside clinic run by this medical school serves a large community.

-The Church Woman.

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.~ ij Effective Ways of Working 'rested Methods for Increasing Interest at Home EDITED BY MISS GRACE 'vY. McGAvRAN, 5718 OAK AVE., INDIANAPOLIS, INDIANA ~'==I===========~='IJi OHRISTMAS GIFTS materials to use; for ways of tions. Use the books that are on working are prepared by the your shelves in a conscious ef- "There is so little we can real- various peace organizations of fort to preserve the will to peace. ly do for peace," mourned a the country. Choose one organrather short-sighted member of ization and keep in touch with it. Oooperate With the Ohildren a women's missionary society. Use as many of its ideas as you can profitably put into effect. in Study "There are, on the contrary," s u g g e s te d another, "several How Many Books on Peace We often fail to have a vital things." relationship between agencies Has Your Library? in the same church, doing the "Such as?" same thing. The following in- "Object to the sale of war toys Public libraries, missionary li- teresting report from a church for children in our neighborhood braries, libraries of the church in Oklahoma shows how a really stores; give some thought to buy- school departments, private li- valuable connection may be ing for your own children books braries, all these should have made. The Primary children which will aid world friendship, some good recent materials on were given the feeling that what and toys that emphasize con- Peace. A very practical thing they themselves were doing was structive enterprises; and think you can do is to have someone of real concern to grown-ups. out a definite way of helping really interested in peace educa- Their study must have gained them to decide to lay aside war tion make a classified list of what added dignity. The adults were toys which may come to them is available and where, and for made familiar with what chilfrom thoughtless relatives and what age groups. The young peo- dren can do in a field quite unfriends." ple might cooperate in this. known to themselves in their The first member had the Late winter is a good time for a own childhood. grace to blush. "Just to do those special reading campaign on the three things would: take more subject. Books may vary from "The Primary children recentthinking and a bit more courage the short but emphatic, "War is ly completed a study of World than I've given the cause of a Racket," by General Smedley Peace based on the course prepeace yet," she admitted frank- D. Butler, to the interesting but pared by Mrs. Elizabeth Loly. "I'm glad you called my rather difficult, "Power of Non- bingier-'Ship East-Ship West' bluff. I'll get busy at it, I prom- Violence," by Richard Gregg. and the accompanying teacher's ise you." Or it may include, "Ship East- guide. This project was carried Ship West," a book for 1st, 2nd on during the departmental ses- What specific task for world and 3rd grade children by Eliza- sions of the Sunday church peace are you laying before your beth Lobingier, which has facts school and a regular weekly group? Is it something each one and stories qui t e interesting meeting of the children of this can do if she has a mind to? Is enough for use with adults to department. Stories, dramatizait something the value of which whom they are unfamiliar. It tions, e x p lor at ion of Bible she will see? Is it something will do mothers and fathers a verses, investigations of facts whose cumulative effect will be real amount of good to read relative to the cost of war, the noticeable? Is it something that some of these new children's creation of peace bridges and demands a bit of courage or de- books on peace. "Broken Guns," other memorials erected between termination? There is something by Eleanor Brainard is another. f r i end I y nations, discussions every person can do. Find it, It is for Junior children. centering around methods of livput it before the group, follow ing together in peaceful relait up and report if possible on In this period when the world tions, were among the activities results. hangs on the edge of general con- of work carried on during this flict it is essential, if we are at study. Make Use of Peace all interested in ultimate peace, Organizations that we use the written word to "At the close of their work keep people's minds turned to together, the chi 1d r en had Many excellent and detailed the possible ways of cooperative charge of the peace program of suggestions for programs on dealing with each other as na- the Women's Missionary Society peace; for lines of action; for of their church. At that time the [598 ]

EFFECTIVE WAYS OF WORKING

things which they had learned Peace in an exhibit being sponsored by and done during their study to- the group. gether were shared with the Peace in our time, 0 Lord, older members of their church To all the peoples-Peace! (3) Some young people, wantin a most effective way. Peace surely based upon Thy Will And built in righteousness. ing to make quoted material viv- "As a concrete expression of id, memorized a paragraph each their interest in world peace, the Thy power alone can break and gave it, in proper sequence boys and girls are packing two The fetters that enchain with all the dignity, emphasis suitcases to be sent to the Com- The sorely-stricken soul of life, mittee on World Friendship And make it live again. and effectiveness they could com- Among Children – one for a mand. Voices which contrasted Spanish girl, and the other for a Too long mistrust and fear and personal characteristics Spanish boy. While this study Have held our souls in thrall; which differed gave emphasis to as such has been completed, the Sweep through the earth, keen breath it and helped prevent any feelleaders of this group feel that ing of monotony. much more can be discovered of heaven, about this subject, and will con- And sound a nobler call! (4) One group wanting to tinue to carry the peace emphasis in their church program."- Come, as Thou didst of old, reach the larger church body, In love so great that men with the cooperation of the pas- Mrs. Grant Truman, Supt. of the Shall cast aside all other gods tor printed a paragraph in the And turn to Thee again! church bulletin e a c h week. Primary Department. Church members were urged to 0, shall we never learn Are your adults familiar with The truth all time has taught,- save the bulletins and reread as the mission study being carried That without God as architect a whole the entire message thus out by younger groups in the Our building comes to naught? given them. church? Are they helping the children and young people to feel Lord, help us, and inspire (5) Another group sends out that these things they are study- Our hearts and lives, that we ing are more than just matters May build, with all Thy wondrous an occasional valuable piece of of childhood interest? Why not material by mail to every memplan various occasions when the gifts, ber on the roll. It is mimeochildren's leader can say to the A Kingdom meet for Thee! graphed, as is the short accomchildren, "The· women of the panying letter, and goes for very missionary society (or the men Peace in our time, 0 Lord, little postage. of the Bible class) are interested To all the peoples-Peace! in this, too. They are working Peace that shall build a glad new You might use the paragraphs at it. Would you like to go to their next meeting and tell them world, below in one of these ways. And some of the interesting and And make for life's increase. keep on the lookout for vivid and worth-while things. we have dis- helpful and forceful quotations covered?" The sense of oneness o Living Christ, who still from other sources for similar in the great world-wide task of use. To stimulate thinking is the Church which results from Dost all our burdens share, among the most important of the such interchange is valuable in itself. It also strengthens each COofmaellnmowenanedvedrwywelhl ewreit!h*in the hearts tasks of missionary education. group participating. How Use Quotations "War is not born in a field or be- Sing Hymns of Peace hind a wall, or in a drafting room. Below you will find some very It is born in the mind of a man, or in We have had few hymns in our pertinent paragraphs on the the minds of many men. It is later on actual worship which are def- causes of war and the creation that it becomes bombs and cannon and initely related to a desire for of attitudes toward peace. They the tread of men on the march. peace. It is time we were using are part of an article by W. W. some of them. Reid. "While ideas that give rise to war are allowed to germinate in the human A comparatively new hymn One wishes that all the mem- mind-and are carefully incubated by by John Oxenham, sung to the bers of one's missionary group popular ignorance, by a jingo press, tune so familiar to us all, "Dia- or of the church might have by all the proponents of greed, hate, demata" or "Crown Him with them. There are several ways fear and jealousy, by a warped mili- in which different Qrganizations tarism and 'patriotism,' and, also, too Many Crowns" is given here.* have secured general reading of often in the schoolroom and in the such paragraphs. pulpit-we may fully anticipate the • Printed copies of it may be obtained only known fruit of such germination: from A. Weekes and Co., Ltd., 13-14, Han- (1) Mimeographed copies of wars, more wars, and worse wars. over St., London, W. 1. gngland. Send an similar material was prepared international postal money order for 2 sbil- for one meeting. Its unison "Treaties, solemn pledges, high relings and 6 pence (about sixty cents) for 250 reading was planned as part of solves and reason are powerless before copies. Or for 500 copies send 3 shillings the program. Each member was the causes of war found in the human and 6 pence. The notation says post free. asked to take it home and medi- mind. Until the mind of a whole But you might suggest in YOUI' letter that tate further upon it. world-wide generation is changed, we if postage to foreign countries is extra, they cannot hope for lasting peace. An deduct it from the amount and spnd fewer (2) A member of one group 'embargo' is but war with newer copies. made a series of posters each weapons! Increased armaments pro- carrying in vivid lettering a voke added hate and fear-new causes short paragraph. She used these of conflict! Physical disarmament- in presenting a short talk on the without disarmament of mind and theme. The posters were later spirit-leaves us like our ancestors used, placed in consecutive order who yet warred without the tools of modern combat! • Copyright by The Ohristian Centwry In 1,000 Quotable Poems. Used by permission. "To keep any generation out of war, we must teach it a new philosophy. The whole strength of school, home,

church and the channels of public very familiar one "Uncle Sam box of hanging-tinsel was pro- OpInIOn must be geared together in Needs You," (The picture of vided but by common consent, this educational task-as they now Uncle Sam pointing straight at not used. Some of the mothers gear together when war is to be pro- you). Find a contrast such as and fathers had bought a couple moted. The new teaching emphasis the Poster of the Emergency of strings of electric lights. must be a p p 1i e d simultaneously Peace Campaign of 1937-1938, throughout the world: for peace can- "For What?" (A young man What was the point? They not reign anywhere while the roots of were preparing their gift to a conflict grow in any land. tied to the mouth of the cannon.) near-by city mission, so that the Arrange these against s 0 m e children there might have a tree "One remembers the technique of to enjoy, which was just the fitting the American mind into a war background the size, shape and same tree as they had enj oyed. program in 1917. . . . The success color of an army blanket, with If you could have heard the joy- of that propaganda is now history…. 1917 in large letters over one, ful, "I think they'll like this But if these same instruments of ornament!" and "We'll let them propaganda are used to promote peace, and 1937-38 over another. Be- put on the tinsel-hanging be- they can just as readily-perhaps tween them run the legend. cause we might lose some if we more readily-insure understanding "War is futile. Help us find the used it now," or "It's the nicest and appreciation and cooperation, and Christian way." tree we ever had!" Personal? war will be impossible. Their pride and happiness in it N ow for the display of your had no bounds. It was some- "Suppose we have a misunderstand- contrasts.1 Mounted on beaver thing far more than a gesture of ing, or difference of opinion, or an eco- board, they may be slid one at a giving. Every thing on it had nomic or territorial dispute with some time across an opening in your been selected with the idea of foreign power. Suppose our news- s tag e curtains-dramatically giving delight. papers have their best journalists pre- Rent equally well both sides of the dif- lighted-with the audience in All cannot have children give ference. Suppose the cartoonists, the the dark-as part of a program decorated Christmas trees. But movie men, the radio announcers, the on peace. you can arrange for whatever teachers in their classes, the preachers personal gift they are making at in their pulpits, and the orators of 2. Hire an empty store and set Christmas to have in its prep- all parties extol the virtues of the up the display for Friday and aration, and completion, the .. people with whom we differ; picture same thoughtfulness, and delight the good of their civilization, their Saturday. Hang curtains over in sharing. artistic contribution to mankind, the the windows till you are ready reasonableness of their point of view- to display. In this event you A Look at Future Plans perhaps their very needs for new will want to have an easily-read lands to feed increasing- populations. statement on your group's atti- Pages such as these must be Suppose dolls representing the chil- tude toward war where the win- planned months ahead. There dren of that land replaced guns and dow gazers can read it after are so many lines along which tin soldiers as toys; its pictures and looking at the posters. Someone we might search for effective songs and stories were used from kin- might smash the window, so be methods of working! dergarten to college; the theatres and prepared to pay damages. schools gave plays and displays re- You will find a wealth of in- countin~ that land's history and cus- A Very Personal Gift teresting and helpful suggestion toms' and aspirations. In fact, sup- among the following themes to nose every agency thought and worked Feeling that the children's giv- which we hope to be able to give for peace and understanding. prominence in the months men- ing at Christmas was not very tioned. "In such an atmosphere, commis- sions representing both countries could personal, a Junior Superintend- January-General Plans. easily reach a conclusion of the diffi- February-How to Make Effective culty that would be satisfactory to all. ent planned a bit of Christmas Recourse to arms would be un- Contacts with Missionaries, Mis- dreamed of. sharing in a new way. They sion Leaders and Nationals. March-The Local Church and Its "This is not a small task. Rather themselves always had a Christ- Missionary Program. it is the greatest task of the human April-Various Matters of Interest. race, the task of all governments and mas tree at their Christmas May-Plans for Summer Effective- of all peoples thinking and working ness. cooperatively. It is not to be attained party. Thig year they saved June-Helps for the Home Missions without cost. Into its cost govern- Study. ments will have to transfer many of money to buy an extra big one. July-Visual Education in Missions. the millions now spent in war-produc- Septembm'-Effective Publicity for ing armaments. It was left without a decoration Missionary Events. October-Helps for Our Foreign Mis- "What if one generation today on it. sions Study. 'sacrifices' all its pomps and vanities N ovember-Stewardship. that a thousand coming generations As the boys. and girls arrived December-The Enrichment of the may live!" Devotional Life. for the party, each carried some Twenty Years After Have you used effective meth- Christmas tree ornament or dec- ods along these lines? If so, kind- Rolled away in somebody's at- ly let the Department Editor tic in your town are some of oration. It was either a new one hear of them. those wonderful war posters of 1917-1918. They were superb in chosen and bought by the child their appeal. Emotionally they did just what they were intended especially for this occasion, or it to do. was one in good condition from Why not use them now for peace education? Here's how! his own home tree. .

Choose a poster such as the What fun they had decorating that tree. Some time was spent making extra decorations. A 1 Various posters against war may be bought from The National Council for Pre- vent:on of "-ar. 532 Seventeenth St.. N. W .. Washington. D. C. Write for descriptions and prices.

BULLETIN

Council of Women for Home Missions EDITED BY MISS EDITH E. LOWRY, 297 FOURTH AVENUE, NEW YORK, N. Y.

~'================~ij THE STRANGER IN OUR MIDST-THE MIGRANT!

"Away in the Manger, finds in some instances sixteen They Starve That We No crib for his bed . persons living in a one-room May Eat t shack; the only drinking water TTamp-Tramp-Tramp available that which is sold from Shall this continue to be true a filling station at five cents a or will you, and you, and you, Can you hear the Migrants as quart; a destitute mother and who eat fresh and canned vegethey move across the country in baby shipped as freight half-way tables and fruits gathered for search of shelter, employment, across the country to join a hus- you by the Migrants become schools for their children, hospi- band in an endless trek of six- their champion! It is imperative talization for the ill members of week jobs and twelve-week peri- that we as Christians and as their families; for sanitation, ods of looking for it! citizens see that the more than simple justice from individuals two million Migrants in America like you and me who eat the veg- For generations this condition have the right to work and live etables they gather. On foot, in has existed-ever since railroads as human beings. old cars, in and under freight and refrigerators made it postrains many come great dis- sible for neighborhood markets SIX A. M. AT THE NURSERY tances in expectation of short- to obtain tropical fruits in Jantime jobs gathering peas, beans, uary and vegetables the year Does Your Church Know? tomatoes, lettuce, cranberries, around. asparagus, cotton, sugar beets, How the Council of Women apricots, hops, and other vege- Recent years have added for Home Missions, representing tables, small fruits, and fisheries greatly to the number of Mi- twenty-three national women's here and elsewhere. grants due to floods, droughts, denominational Boards is at- share-cropper eviction, and most tempting to meet this problem? Through the pressure of pub- recently the tractor. Where the If not, make it your business to lic opinion the families of the tractors are appearing the rural secure for your pastor, your city slums can turn to the clinic, landscape is strewn with abanthe visiting nurse, the relief doned houses. Residents in west- • Quoted from an artiCle on Migrants by agencies, the school, or the ern Texas explain as they point: Paul ·S. Taylor, of the University of Calichurch and receive help because "There used to be two families fornia, entitled "What Shall We Do with they are members of an organ- out there. The tractor got both Them ?" April, 1938. ized community. But not so with the Migrant families – always SUPPER FOR THE FAMILY OF ELEVEN t "They Starve that We May Eat" is the "strangers in our midst." Un- These meals must be prepared in the early protected by law he is barely in title of a valuable booklet on Migrant work the consciousness of the public. morning before going to the fields compiled by Edith E. Lowry, and published Public opinion is not aroused to by the Missionary Education Movement and the :plight of this segment of of them. . . . That farm has the Councll of Women for Home Missions, Amedcan life. As a result one made a living for a family ever price 35 cents. since the land was broke. . . . The tractors are keeping our families from making a living." * [ 601 ]

Barbara Green make out someway until tomorrow al- would like to read something. He said though Dorothy had cried all night; he would and picked out Peter Rabbit. STORY HOUR FOLLOWS WORSHIP and they had no money. . . . Worker It was a sight to see him sitting there, AT TEN O'CLOCK saw the county doctor in —. He absorbed, mouthing his way through is not too vitally interested, but told a book he should have been able to Missionary Society President, her to use bread and milk poultice and read with ease seven or eight years your Sunday School Superin- bring Dorothy to him tomorrow and ago. But at least he can read it now tendent, and your young people's he would make no charge. Worker and that is something." leader full information by writ- told Father this on way back. If he ing to the Council of Women for does not see to it, perhaps worker will "A large majority of the children Home Missions, 297 Fourth take her." in these camps do not attend school. Avenue, New York, N. Y. What Of course they do not want to attend a force for public opinion we "We had a rummage sale. Many and, as a superintendent of one of the could be if every church made of the parents came. It gave them a schools said, 'If they did all come I the story of the Migrant a con- chance to see the Center as well as don't know where we would put them.' cern of that entire church! get clothing for the family. Most But they do not all come and never articles were sold for 5 cents, a few will unless local communities make a The following excerpts are things were 10 cents. Some of the point of seeing that they come by enfrom reports of the fifty-three parents said, looking around, 'No won- forcing compulsory school attendance." projects in thirteen states where der the kids like to come here so the Council of Women for Home well!' " "We were all ready for our trip to Missions with the aid of trained the Museum. The group of ten was volunteers has been a construc- Barbara Green just a good number. First we went to tive force in the life of the CLEAN-UP COMES JUST BEFORE LUNCH! the Park, and for awhile the boys kept Migrant: busy at the playground. We had "Today I had an extensive talk with lunch near the pond. The one diffi- Christmas Eve in a Cotton Claire on religion, I, a Baptist and she culty was that the boys wanted to Camp a Catholic. Her interest and knowl- catch the goldfish in the pond. They edge were astounding. The conversa- roamed around and looked at the vari- "We came to play Santa Claus in a tion was not one of proselyting, but ous things in the park, and then we small way-in a small way of neces- rather one of sharing. Religious con- all walked down to the Children's sity because of the almost insurmount- versation is not in any degree so taboo Museum. We saw colored slides of able task that is presented. Proper here as on the college campus. . . . the West first, and then movies of the clothing, nourishing food, warm As young as they are we get into good desert, South America, and the Far shelter. The cabins are built on the discussions on religion. They told me West. The boys were really interested ground and with rough boards covered today that they thought I would go to and enjoyed the exhibits. They seemed with dirt for the floor. An old garbage heaven even though I didn't tell my to be quite enthusiastic about the can turned upside down serves for a sins to a priest." whole trip. . . . At eight o'clock the stove, and a pile of cotton with a piece children's choir sang one of their new of canvas thrown over it is known as "Our men were forced to strike this songs for devotion and did very well. the bed. This is the winter home of morning When 'thousands' of cars … The dance later in the evening four children and their parents who came tearing in to drive them out of was a huge success, though there was pick cotton when the weather permits. the fields. They are striking for a some tension when the orchestra did . . . From churches, Missionary So- fifty-cent raise for the pickers. We not arrive on time. Someone esticieties and other organizations have stuck around until the tobacco in the mated that there were four hundred come toys, clothing and food which is shed was all used up then went home. people there as dancers or spectators." distributed to every household. . . . If . . . Back to work this morning. The those who have contributed could have boys only got a twenty-five-cent raise. "Workers were putting the rest of heard the cries of joy and glee, and . . . They didn't want the strike in the children to sleep, while B, M, and seen how tickled these children were the first place. These people certainly J were doing dishes. When they went as we handed the gifts to them from ought to be organ'zed that they may out they found a note on the, refrigour trucks they would, I am sure, feel better understand their needs. But erator, 'Dear teachers, we have moped fully repaid and realize that their sac- first of all must come education. Four every bit of the kitchen flour. It is rifices were not in vain." boys accused of leading our strike real clean. B-M-J.''' were fired." "Dorothy has a badly infected "We fold our hands and softly say finger. Worker stopped to see her "Jack is a bright looking lad of fif- Mother and urged her to take Dor- teen. The worker asked him if he Thanksgiving for our food this day." othy to the doctor. The mother said she had been told she would have to Don't have your concert first, and then tune your instrument; begin the day with the Word of God, and get into harmony with Him.-J. Hudson Taylor.

Christmas Story for

A CHILD'S CHRISTMAS IN never had opportunity to talk it White ought to tell it, since he BETHLEHEM with some one his own age. is a real teacher," said Micah's mother. By VIOLET WOOD, NEW YORK Although he felt very shy, he approached the man and "N0," said Dr. White. "You Micah had anxiously watched asked timidly, "Please, may I come from people with a rich the sky all afternoon. An air- help carry your bags?" tradition in poetry and beauty. plane had sailed by, but even It will be wonderful to hear you that failed to shake his gloom. "You speak English!" cried tell the Christmas story." The clouds remained and he the little girl. "Do you live was very much disappointed. here ?" So, after they had eaten a Tonight was the night of light meal at the inn, they went nights! For weeks now he had "Yes, I do. My mother, fa- to the roof. The air was melprayed that his father's busi- ther and I will be here for one low and the wind gentle alness would continue in the little or two weeks more," responded though it was December;, but town of Bethlehem until Christ- Micah. there were no stars to be seen mas Day. The prayer had been in the clouded sky. granted, for it was Christmas "Well," said the fat her, Eve and he was still in Bethle- "that's fine. We'll be here for "In America," said Joan, hem. a few days. This is Mrs. White, "perhaps there is snow on the this is Joan and I'm Dr. White." ground now. The Christmas "Oh," he sighed, "if only the trees will be lighted and the stars would shine tonight, so "My name is Micah," replied shop windows gaily decorated that I can watch the sky and the boy with a low bow. in red and green. And, oh, it look for the Star of Bethlehem. will be very cold in many parts How happy I should be!" His Just then his mother came of America. Just think, next mother had promised to take out and met his new acquaint- Christmas I shall be there! How him to the roof of the inn where ances. Mrs. White had just much I will love to tell my they were staying. There she come from a visit to the school friends there about this Christwould tell him the ancient story in Baghdad w her e Micah's mas in Bethlehem. I can't beof many generations ago when mother had once been a pupil; lieve this is really Bethlehem her forefathers had been shep- so they chatted together like old and that it is Christmas Eve. herds in the hills. It would be friends, speaking of teachers It seems like a dream." She wonderful to hear the Christ- and places they both knew. laughed. "These s t ran g e mas story in the town of Beth- mosques and minarets and low lehem itself. But none of this When rooms for the White houses look just like the picwould be possible if it rained, family were found and their tures on Christmas cards at or if the clouds hid the stars. luggage arranged, Joan said: home." Dusk was rapidly falling and the "We are going to walk through clouds remained. the streets of Bethlehem, even "Tomorrow," ask e d Micah, Micah gazed sadly down the if it rains. Coming to Bethle- "will you tell me about Christroad. The sight and sound of mas in America? Mother has an approaching automobile in- hem is my Christmas present terested him, although since his from mother and father. Won't told me about Santa Claus, father was a traveling mer- you come with us?" Christmas trees and the hangchant, he had seen more cars and ing up of stockings. I want to had journeyed more than most Micah's mother looked very hear more about them." Arabian boys. The automobile thoughtful. "I am ashamed to stopped at the inn and Micah have to say this, for it is partly "All right," answered Joan, watched an American lady, a the fault of my people, the man and a little girl about his Arabs; but it is not safe to "but I want to hear about own age get out, laughing mer- walk in the streets of Bethle- Bethlehem now." rily and talking English. This hem when it is dark, even on was very exciting to Micah, be- Christmas night. There are "It is a very simple story," cause his mother, who had been many street fights. Please do began Micah's mother, "one educated at a Christian school not go. It is already dark." that you have heard over and in Baghdad had taught him English. He often talked that "Mother, couldn't they come over, but I will tell it to you as language with her and with the up to the roof over our rooms? it has been told in my family British soldiers, but he had We could watch the sky while from the beginning many, many you tell us the story of the shep- generations ago. I come from herds," pleaded Micah. a long line of Bedouins, or wan- dering shepherds. They lived "Oh, yes," cried Joan, "that would be lovely." in tents made of dark woolen cloth which they threw over "I don't think that I should be the one to tell the story. Dr.

[603 ]

long frames, leaving a flap of afraid and covered their heads ing others there of the birth of cloth tied to a pole which they Jesus. used as a door. Like all shep- with their long tunics. But the herds they spent very little time "King Herod heard the report angel of the Lord appeared and and wondered what it meant. in their tents; they preferred to Later some Wise Men came from lie on the hillside day and night told them of the birth of a baby the East and said tbey had seen watching their sheep and look- a wonderful star. They asked: ing at the stars, and thinking that was wrapped in swaddling 'Where is the newborn king of about the God who made them. the Jews, for we have seen his clothes and was lying in a man- star in the East and are come to "Hundreds of years ago to- worship him?' Herod was frightnight a little group of Jewish ger where cattle were usually ened when he heard of this and shepherds were lying on the sent for the Jewish priests and hills near here. It had been an fed. Then the whole chorus of .unusual day and it was a teachers to ask them about the strange night. The sheep were heavenly angels sang as with old prophecy that told of the restive. The camel trails had one great voice of praise: 'Glory coming of a Jewish Messiah. been much used by strangers all Then he told the Wise Men to go morning and afternoon. for the to God in the highest and on to Bethlehem to look for the decre~ of the Roman Emperor, child. Cresar Augustus, was that all earth peace, good will toward the descendents of King David "As they traveled on, the star should bring their tribute to men.' appeared again and the Wise Bethlehem. So, many travelers Men were filled with great joy. came from as far away as Leb- "As suddenly as they came, They followed where it seemed anon and Jericho and Nazareth to point until they came to a to the ancient City of David. the angels went away again; the house in Bethlehem where they found the young child with Mary "The shepherds knew of the sky became as before, and a old prophecy that a Messiah his mother and they, too, wor- great silence surrounded them. shipped him." would someday be born in Bethlehem who would deliver his The shepherds were no longer *** people. They thought of it as they lay silently watching the afraid. They talked with one Here Micah's mother stopped sky. As tonight, clouds rolled speaking and looked up into the over it. Suddenly strange mu- another of their vision and de- sky. All the others looked up, sic was heard in the distance. cided that certain of them would too. The clouds had passed and The shepherds looked at one a lovely, bright star was shining another shaking their heads. go to Bethlehem and see if they Something wonderful was about over them. to happen, of that they were could find the wonderful child. "Oh," cried Micah in joy, "the sure. "Some of the shepherds went star! See the star!" "All at once, just after dark- "Just think," whispered Joan, ness had grown soft and black down the hills and made inquiras velvet, the heavens became "this might have been the very very bright around them with ies until they found the baby in spot." a strangely brilliant light. The shepherds were very m u c h the stable of the inn at Bethle- "Yes," said Micah. Doesn't hem. He was wrapped in swad- that star seem to be pointing here?" dling clothes, with Mary his "That is because the Star of mother beside him and her hus- Christ is shining in our hearts," murmured Dr. White. band Joseph seated near by. The humble shepherds bowed down and worshipped this child, who was called Jesus, of whom the messengers from heaven had told them. .

"Then the shepherds returned to their flocks, full of wonder at what they had seen. For many days they told the story of their vision, and their finding of the Christ child to travelers who stopped in the hills to refresh themselves and to fill the i r waterjugs. Some of these trav- elers went on,to Jerusalem, tell~

World–wide

A Missionary Newspaper of Current Events EDITED BY MRS. HENRIETTA H. FERGUSON, XENIA, OHIO NORTH AMERICA try area all the churches have were removed, the bottles care- been slowly dying, with only one fully washed, then a tract or "A Reaching Mission" left that has a pastor who comes Gospel penny portion placed in every second week for a serv- within, after which the bottles Protestant pastors in Philadel- ice. It has been years since any were sealed and consigned to the phia, having had a preaching thorough pastoral work has been sea. This is no small-town enmission and a teaching mission, done there. The result is that terprise. Sometimes as many as have now embarked upon a there is not one person under 2,500 bottles go into Chesapeake "reaching" mission. Ministers thirty years of age in the area Bay at a single launching. of 22 denominations have adopt- that has made a Christian coned a program of pastoral and fession and united with any Thus, the bottles once containcongregational evangelism, and church. This is true of another ing evil spirits, now are filled by unanimous resolution declare community in the western part with the spirit of the Gospel. that "the supreme task of the of the state. church is bringing men, women, -Bible Society Record. boys and girls into personal fel- The Gospel in Bottles lowship with the living Christ. Crusade Against Liquor There is no solution of problems Near the waterfront in Balti- Advertising other than the Christ way of more, Md., is a small lunchroom life." bearing the sign "Mike's Place." The National Temperance and This might suggest the under- Prohibition Council is urging all President Walter Greenway, world, but the presiding genius temperance forces to unite for of Beaver College, who proposed is a devoted Christian Italian the suppression of liquor adverthe plan, originally developed who has hit upon a unique meth- tising in newspapers, magazines, this program in a rural church od to spread the GospeL Mi- over the radio and by all other of 100 members, enlarged and chael Coscia was born over a means. An undertaking of this found it effective in a town saloon kept by his father. His magnitude will require concerted church of 500, and finally tested associates as he grew up were effort, hence the Council, comit thoroughly in two Philadelphia the type who loaf in barrooms. posed of 27 organizations seems churches, each of which as a re- When he was past thirty there the logical force to carry forsult grew from few members to came a day when life took on a ward the project. Protesting to over 2,000. The program sug- new meaning for Mike, and he the owners and managers of gests preparation for the pastor felt an urge to preach the Gos- radio stations, to the editors and and the entire congregation, out- pel, but realizing his handicaps, publishers of newspapers and lines methods of publicity and he looked for another method to magazines advertising intoxicatthrough it all stresses the su- proclaim the message than from ing liquors, and laboring for the preme preparation by the Holy a pulpit. After he had estab- enactment of legislation to stop Spirit. Its flexibility permits it lished his lunchroom, he placed liquor advertising are the lines to be used successfully in any de- a Bible verse on the roof, where along which the Council will dinomination or congregation. The it could be seen by thousands rect its efforts.-S. S. Times. ministers of the city have been who transact business in the tall asked to spend from 9 to 9: 15 buildings near by. Irreligion in Films each morning in intercession for one another and for the churches Mike's next inspiration came Rt. Rev. John T. McNicholas, in this outreaching enterprise. from finding every morning Catholic Archbishop of Cincin- scores of empty whiskey, gin nati, spokesman for the "Legion -The Christian Century. and wine bottles scattered of Decency," says that effort is around Market Place. Of course, being made in recent pictures to Godless Spots they were gathered by the white spread ideas antagonistic not wings, so that for most of the only to Christian morality, but Harold C. Loughhead has sur- day the streets were clean. But to all religion. He warns film veyed a number of areas in rural Mike saw in these empty bottles producers that they have an in- Pennsylvania, and has discov- a great opportunity. He and his escapable responsibility to safeered some amazing facts about family began to gather the bot- guard the moral welfare of the this supposed stronghold of tles daily, like the manna. Labels public by putting before them Christianity. In one open coun- right patterns of thought and [605 ] conduct.

It was the American Cath- vestigation has discovered that aries was that of transportation. olic's Legion of Decency that Chinese percentage of delin- During the summer travel becompelled a radical change in quency is the lowest of any racial tween villages is more difficult the tone of motion pictures by or sectional group, the ratio be- than in the winter. The only a boycott, launched in 1934. ing almost negligible. Chinese means of transportation in many Now the Legion is viewing with teachers, questioned by the in- places. is by dog team and sledge grave apprehension the various vestigators, said that the reason over the frozen ~round. Small subtle attempts to employ the for this remarkable showing is a boats can ply the rivers and the film to project irreligious points precept of Confucius: "The mis- sea coast, but they are inadeof view-films that portray, ap- conduct of the child is the fault quate, very inconvenient, slow, provingly, concepts rooted in of the parent." Every Chinese irregular and costly. Only the philosophies attacking the Chris- child is made to understand that villages along water routes can tian faith. his misdemeanor in public brings be contacted thus in summer disgrace not only on himself but while the regions beyond are -Dayton Daily News. on his family, and the severest neglected. punishment is to "lose face." Iowa School for Missionaries Traveling by dog teams has United Church of Canada also its hazards. Many "mush- The first Iowa School for Mis- Crusade ers" have been caught out on the sionaries will be held January 23 tundra, many miles from the to February 18, 1939, at the Iowa The United Church of Canada nearest cabin in a blizzard and State College, Ames, Iowa. The is conducting a quarter-million then he will have to make a camp courses offered are Sociology and fellowship crusade during the and dig himself and his dogs into Rural Organization, Family Life last ten weeks of 1938, including a snow drift until the storm and Health, Agricultural and a recall to worship of all its abates. Another danger is from Rural Education, Foods and Nu- membership and a campaign for the packs of hungry wolves rovtrition and Agriculture. There a quarter of a million new sup- ing the tundra. Even if the will be afternoon conferences porters. This Church stands "musher" is armed he and his and field trips to near-by com- fourth in per capita giving dogs are an easy prey for the munities, schools and parishes. among the 2'5 leading denomina- hungry wolves. A special two-day conference on tions of North America. Rural Missions Work will be The airplane is a fast and a held over one of the week-ends In the last Canadian census convenient way to travel in during the school session. The the people listing themselves as Alaska. The plane can land on school is in charge of a commit- of the United Church numbered the water, when equipped with tee from the faculties of Agri- more than two million, or one in pontoons, on the snow-covered culture and Home Economics of five of the dominion population. tundra, when equipped with skiis which Professor R. H. Porter is Of these, the members in com- or on one of the many airfields chairman. Dr. Porter was for a munion are less than 700,000; kept in good condition by the number of years a member of of these the regular supporters Government. the faculty of the College of by envelope amount to 235,000; Agriculture and Forestry of the and those who also contribute to This mission has purchased a University of Nanking, China. missionary and benevolent en- Fairchild plane with a Warner- The only expenses to students terprises amount to only 110,000. Scarab 145 horsepower engine, will be for board and room. Mis- seating three persons besides the sionaries who expect to attend -The Christian Century. pilot. It has a cruising range of the school are requested to send 500 miles with a speed of 125 in their names as soon as pos- A Missionary Airplane for miles an hour and can climb sible to Professor R. M. Vif- Alaska 16,000 feet, crossing anyone of quain, Room 122 N, Agricultural the Alaska mountain ranges. It Hall, Iowa State College, Ames, The natives of Alaska will be is equipped with all the neces- Iowa.* visited during this winter by an sary instruments for blind fly- airplane which the Evangelical ing, including a radio, all in- How Chinese Check Mission Covenant Church of spected by the U. S. Government. Delinquency Chicago has recently sent to The trip from Chicago to Seattle Nome. When the old "sour- (Z300 miles) was made in 21 There are about 3,000 Chinese doughs" used to call preachers hours, at 12,000 feet altitude. boys. and girls in the New York "sky pilots" they did not realize From Seattle it was shipped to area. During the past eight that in the future the preacher Nome as the fog was too thick years there have been among would come dropping down from on the coast to fly all the way. them only two cases of juvenile the clouds with a message from delinquency. A recent court in- above. The plane will be stationed at Bandle, a village on the Arctic • A descriptive folder of the school may In the summer of 1937, the Circle, where a new work was be had on request, either to Professor Vlf- Covenant Mission sent its secre- opened last summer. The Misquain or to the Rural Missions Cooperating tary to the Alaska missions and sion Covenant has work in sev- Committee, 156 Fifth Avenue, New York, he found that one of the prob- enteen larger villages and beside New York. lems confronting the mission- the six missionaries employ a

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

number of native evangelists. THE' ALASKA Scriptures, and where members During the last three years, five MISSIONARY of evangelical churches had been new churches have been built arrested on charges of subverand one parsonage. When the AIRPLANE sive activities. It was definitely plane becomes a weekly visitor known that this was due to presto the unevangelized regions the Put in service at sure on the part of the bishops work should quickly expand. Nome, September 27, of the Catholic Church. 1938. Will1>e piloted THE REV. G. E. JOHNSON. by Rev. Paul Ben- Representatives of the Amer- jamin Franklin Carl- ican Bible Society and the Brit- LATIN AMERICA son. On picture to ish and Foreign Bible Society right is the Secretary sought and secured a personal Human Salvage in Mexico of Missions of the interview with the proper gov- Covenant-Rev. Gust. ernment authority. This official Although the Salvation Army assured the Bible Society agents has work in some 80 countries, E. Johnson that the sale of Scriptures could political conditions in Mexico not be prohibited, since the Conmade it seem practically impos- he~dquarters, and the office cre- stitution of the republic granted sible for the Army to enter. But ated for the purpose has been in liberty both of worship and of a young Mexican, a former gov- contact with young people's commerce, but that the Governernment official and communist groups in every Latin American ment would not tolerate political leader, was converted, and with- country, trying to find out their propaganda. Assurance was givout knowing anything of the Sal- viewpoints and other prelim- en him that absolute abstention vation Army or its methods, inaries. The Congress will be from all political activity was began to work in the slums of held in 1940, probably in Lima, required of their colporteurs by Mexico City among drunkards Peru. Political conditions might both Bible Societies, and that and other human wreckage, on require the selection of another any breach of this rule led to inlines similar to those used by the city for the meeting. stant dismissal. The Minister, Army. who asked for a copy of the Bi- -World Dominion Press. ble for his own use, then ordered Street meetings were held in that a circular be sent to every defiance of the law, and when How to Handle Crime Problem Prefect in the republic. arrested this young man and his helpers continued to preach in Federal and State govern- – World Dominion Press. jail. The transformed lives that ments might make a note of the resulted convinced the govern- way the present government of An Evangelistic Odyssey ment of the value of this work, Guatemala handles its vice proband it was allowed to continue lems. Too often there is neglect A house on wheels is a novelty unmolested. This spontaneous in permitting marijuana cigar- in Colombia. The Gospel bus, movement has now been in- ette peddlers to hang around provided by Sunday School tegrated with the world organi- our high schools, but Guatemala Easter offerings and other gifts, zation of the Salvation Army. authorities hound down these was greeted along the road with ghouls and make their business this exclamation, Ave Maria -World Dominion Press. one of high crime. With the ex- purissima! Que es eso? (Hail, cellent police system, the crim- Mary, most pure! What's that?) Young People's Congress inal is most likely to be caught The bus accommodates about promptly, and alas for him if twelve people, seated on benches For several years evangelical convicted. and boxes, but on occasion more leaders of young people in Latin than twenty have crowded in America have been hoping for a Some years ago a German and listened to the Gospel story. Congress for young evangelicals merchant undertook to introduce from all the republics. The need the opium vice into Guatemala. Rev. Pryor T. Smith tells in of stronger ties among young He dropped with a thud into Colombia Clippings of some of Christians; interchange of ex- public contempt as a result, and periences; a united attitude to- his application for an importawards moral, spiritual and social tion permit was promptly turned problems; the creation of a down. Reform in Guatemala is strong force which may impress not a mere vaporous election by its idealism; and an effort to slogan for political purposes save Latin America from insta- only, but is handled calmly and bility are some of the reasons vigorously. which make the Congress a vital need. -Guatemala News.

The first River Plate Congress Scripture Distribution in Peru of young people met last year in Rosario, Argentina, and from it Early this year a number of came the formal decision to or- cases were reported where colganize the Latin American Con- porteurs had been prohibited by gress. Rosario was chosen as local officials from selling the

the difficulties encountered. Upon found anywhere. It is interest- Ethiopia when the Italian conarriving in a town, the bus is ing to recall a stanza from John quest was completed were asked parked in the plaza. Soon a Oxenham's famous poem of trib- to depart at once, and no foreign crowd of the curious is assem- ute to Livingstone: Jews have been allowed to settle bled, and often some burly ruf- there since May, 1936. The Jews fian will order the bus out of He passed like light across the dark- in Italy are roughly estimated at town, while others cheer him on. ened land, 44,000, and among them are a Sometimes the tires are punc- number who have recently fled tured, or a fictitious tax is im- And dying, left behind him this com- from Austria. posed for selling literature. But mand, in Yarumal business men filled -Alliance Weekly. the bus and bristled with ques- "The door is open! So let it ever tions about Protestant beliefs. stand!" Calvinism in Hungary As soon as one group left another took their place, and then Full mightily wrought he. Reformed Churches in eastern a third group kept the mission- Forth to the fight he fared, Hungary are among the oldest aries busy until far into the High things and great he dared, Protestant institutions in the night. Here and there, barriers In His Master's might to spread the world; some are said to have are coming down. been founded even before the Light death of Calvin. Most of Hun- EUROPE Right faithfully wrought he. gary became Protestant then, He greatly loved- and much of it remains so. A "Order of Christian He greatly lived- writer in The Christian Century Citizenship" And died right mightily. describes a walking trip through northeastern Hungary with a In Great Britain, 25,000 -United Church Record. Y. M. C. A. group, wandering young Methodists have instituted from village to village and visitthe "Order of Christian Citizen- Reich Church in Bonds ing pastors and churches. The ship," which requires the appli- boys marched behind a banner, cation of the Christian Gospel to A pamphlet has been privately singing folk songs, religious social problems. The movement printed and circulated in Ger- hymns and national songs. The is directed by a standing com- many which concludes with the banner consisted of a special mittee of the Temperance and question: "How does Pastor Y. M. C. A. flag and many rib- Social Welfare Departments of Niemoller's continued imprison- bons of various colors, which the Methodist Church, but steps ment affect us?" and the answer: they had received from places have been taken to put the young previously visited. On them people actually in control. Its It demands that we should recognize were such slogans as "For God program includes the fostering that Martin Niemoller is not in the and Hungary," "Onward with of international peace, the com- Sachsenhausen concentration camp as Christ," "Jesus Conquers," and bating of the drink, gambling a private individual, but that in him short Bible verses. Fourteen and other social evils, and the the entire Confessional Church and all days were thus spent. Each making of social surveys for the men who are fighting for the freedom church spire is crowned with a information of the young. of the Gospel in Germany have been cock and star, emblems of Cal- thrown into prison. It demands that vinism. The star is supposed to -United Presbyterian. wherever we are we do not keep our guide the people and the cock to mouths shut like dumb dogs, but speak keep them awake. Just how Livingstone Shrine out what God has ordered us to speak. much awake they are one cannot and that we fight for the freedom of say. Certainly there is much for "The most frequented person- His Church and for the authority of them to do. al shrine in Scotland," is said of the Gospel in Germany. As long as the Scottish National Memorial Martin Niemoller is in the concentra- Dictatorship in Greece to David Livingstone, at his tion camp, there is set up in our midst birthplace, Blantyre, near Glas- a signal. visible from afar, that the No sooner had Eastern Orthogow. In one year alone the at- Church of Jesus Christ in Germany dox Churches seemed to have actendance exceeded 73,000. It is is in bonds. quired the "ecumenical mind" already the greatest children's than the dictator of Greece took center in Scotland. Since the Pastor Niem611er is said to be steps to give the Greek Orthodox Memorial was opened by the in failing health. He is allowed Church an ironclad monopoly in Duchess of York, in October, one visit a month from his wife that country. Under new edicts, 1929, 406,208 visitors have and one child~ (He has seven.) persons trying to make converts passed through the turnstile. to any other church will be sub- Italy's Jews ject to fine and imprisonment; Dr. John R. Mott calls it one if foreigners, they will be exof the most wonderful things he Nearly twenty-five per cent of pelled. The police power is to be has seen in all his numerous Italy's Jews are affected by the invoked to compel school chilworld journeys, and perhaps the decree that all Jews who have dren to attend church on Sunday. finest shrine to any person to be established themselves in Italy and her colonies (excepting pos- sibly Eritrea and East Somali- land) since the World War must leave within six months, or be expelled "following application of penalties fixed by law." Under present laws they will be able to take little of their property with them, save a small amount of money for traveling expenses.

Foreign Jews in business in

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

Literature expressing opInIOns the continent, yet if one mission by my own power that I am preserved not acceptable to the Holy Synod is banned. No doubt the purpose station a day could be visited, it till now and given the news of the behind these decrees is to check Roman Catholic activity, though would take eight years to see everlasting Gospel of Christ, but only an American Protestant missionary has been refused permission them all. -Pageant. by the power of the one great Cause to enter Greece, for the apparent reason that he was a Protestant of causes, the Almighty. minister. Dictatorship knows no curb. -Christian Century. White Hearts Lifted Up . -So S. Times.

AFRICA Mrs. Julia Lake Kellersberger, Memorial in Madagascar in the Presbyterian Survey, de- He Was "From Missouri" scribes a missionary meeting in World Dominion Press records the Congo: that native churches have given Mr. C. J. Mellis, sixty-year- 250,000 francs for the erection old realtor from St. Louis, after The Doxology rings out through the of a church in memory of David contributing generously to mis- opened windows and echoes in the J ones and Thomas Bevan, Welsh sions in Africa for nearly 20 mango grove. It takes no amplifier of pioneers to the island of the years, decided to take a look for man to make it resound. White hearts London Missionary Society, who himself, and see what it "was are then lifted up in prayer, though landed at Tamatave in 1818. In all about." In company with a the lips that utter them are black. 1907, the work was transferred Presbyterian minister, Rev. H. One after another these women rise to the Paris Evangelical Mis- J. Heinecke, of Greely, Colorado, and give their testimony. The first is sionary Society, whose missionhe sailed from Liverpool to the leader herself. Her testimony aries have erected the memorial Nigeria. Ten months later, after rings true, for there is a life back of church, which is the largest of traveling 15,000 miles across it to emphasize the words. the 3,500 Protestant places of Africa, these two returned to worship in the island. About New York. Said Mr. Mellis: A perfect "carbon copy" of an old- 4,000 natives were present at "The job missions is doing out fashioned Southern black mammy the opening. there is so big it beggars de- rises and with cracked voice tells of scription." The men brought her joy in being able to care for sev- Progress in Kabylia back 200 reels of movie film eral little orphan children and to cook which Mr. Mellis is showing the daily manioc for those at the hos- One encouraging feature of throughout his own state and pital too sick to care for themselves. missionary work in Kabylia is those adjoining, with a series of It has been strongly suspected that that in many places converts 12 lectures. she spends some of her hard-earned from Islam are taking the initia- pittance on delicate tidbits, such as tive in this work. Natives played Seventy-five mission stations caterpillars, or juicy ants, for the a large part in a recent Chriswere visited; to every mission- especially weak ones. A converted tian Conference. Under the ary visited they put this ques- witch doctor, sister of an African chairmanship of a gifted Kabyle tion: "How many natives in chief, reveals the fact that she had Christian, who translated the adyour particular field have never burned her former heathen medicine dresses into Arabic, French and heard a single sermon, never lis- and was made well, not by incanta- his own language, men of differtened to a single Gospel mes- tions and sorcery, but by an opera- ent tongues, from numerous dissage ?" The answer was some- tion at the Christian hospital. tricts met and told of their extimes 350,000, and never less periences in the Christian life than 100,000. Another question The climax of this wonderful meet- and their efforts to "let their was: "What special problems ing comes when a woman leper arises. light shine." do Africa missionaries have to She is a woman of unusual force of face?"; the reply was that the character. Like the one leper who re- A lack of conviction seems to greatest difficulty was to make turned to give thanks to Christ, she characterize man y Mohammebuildings and equipment keep tells of His gift of healing. Then the dans of today. In a shop in pace with the growth of the final hymn, "There shall be showers Oran, a man was heard to say: work. Another problem concerns of blessings," sung as only African "If I knew the truth I would fol- Mohammedanism. Entering a women can sing. low it. I would leave Islam and native village with a pack on his Mohammed tomorrow if I were head, the Mohammedan trader, A Strange Prayer convinced that the truth lay elsebefore untying his wares, pre- where." Those who heard the sents an invitation. "Come," he In some reminiscences of a remark showed no resentment. says, "be a Mohammedan. We'll missionary at Lovedale, South teach you to lie, steal and cheat Africa, mention is made of an -Life of Faith. the Christian infidels." African boy, pupil of a Chris- tian school, who had kept a Christ in Uganda Mr. Mellis said that while journal of his experiences. The they saw a good cross section of following is an extract: The C. M. S. Outlook says that Christianity has taken root in Before I go further I must tell you Uganda, and that the Church is about my prayers when I was a little becoming increasingly indige- boy. I could not believe that God nous. Uganda Christians have could hear prayer in Kaffir, and of served as missionaries in the English I knew too little. In fact, I Southern Sudan, in the Belgian knew but two words, "Friday" and "Amen." So I prayed, "Friday, Fri- day, Friday, Friday" four times and then, "Amen." But although this was my prayer yet the Almighty God did not cease to send down his influence upon me.

My parents became Christians, not by my power, though I often prayed for them by the same two words "Fri- day" and "Amen." Nor has it been

Congo and the Pygmy Forest, in gelized territory, covering a And what a privilege to look Ruan9a and Urundi. They have thousand miles from east to after such a family!" carried the Gospel to all parts of west, and three hundred from the Uganda Protectorate, from north to south, and suggested -The Chronicle. the great northern plain to the that the S. A. G. M. adopt it. Ruwenzori Mountains. Recently The challenge was accepted in EASTERN ASIA some men walked 300 miles to 1910, and A. W. Bailey was com- Kampala from a distant State to missioned to set a line of sta- Aleppo Beggars ask for African missionaries to tions across Rhodesia and Portutheir fellow-Africans 300 miles guese West Africa, to be known The beggars of Aleppo are an away. as the Andrew Murray Memo- interesting study. It would re- rial Field. Now, 28 years later, quire detailed research to find From Tanganyika comes the that goal has been reached and out to what extent they are orreport of steady growth in the a new challenge is presented in ganized, how their "beats" are number of African ministers, re- the recently granted permission divided and what are their musulting in more adequate pas- to occupy further Portuguese tual understandings. The Aleptoral care of Christian commu- territory. In southern Angola po visitor has the impression nities. there are from nine to sixteen that their business is on a sound large tribes representing three basis, and that there is no un- Islanders Have New Chapel language groups whose dialects employment. A number of the have never yet been reduced to beggars are quite well-dressed. The first Presbyterian mission writing. This area is totally un- The Maronite Church is the cento West Africa was on the island touched by Christian influence. ter around which they mill conof Corisco, off the coast of the tinually, but especially on Sun- French Cameroun, but the work- Undoubtedly, future work of day mornings. Old, old women ers soon moved to the mainland the mission will lie in Central sit along the walls, never moving and the island was left without Africa rather than in the south, about but waiting for alms to a resident or visiting missionary. where the natives have been en- drop into their laps. On cold African Christians on the island couraged to take responsibility, mornings, they have little brahave recently dedicated a beauti- and are becoming indigenous. ziers at which they warm their ful new chapel, planned, built hands and sometimes two or and paid for by the islanders -The Christian. three beggars will share this themselves, of material trans- comfort. Sometimes they sit and ported from the mainland in sail Tiger Kloof Family argue, instead of attending boats; the concrete was made on strictly to business; but one asthe island. The work at Tiger Kloof, siduous fellow may be seen beg- South Africa, is not standing ging even while he eats, mum- The dedicatory service was still, but widening its influence. bling touching petitions with his held in three languages: the Miss Janet Bryson has been mouth full. Benga of the island, the Bulu of Principal of Tiger Kloof Native the Cameroun mainland, and the Institution since 1923. She re- Aleppo is considered a rich Spanish of Spanish Guinea. ports that applications for ad- city, and with the prosperous are Each was translated for the ben- mission must be refused, as no also large numbers of desperefit of those who did not under- more can possibly be accommo- ately poor. Between the two, stand the others. dated. "School life," she says, this beggar class battens on the "is difficult to report, since it is philanthropically disposed. -Monday Morning. just the ordinary story of daily life among African girls-trying H. G. DORMAN, JR. More Open Doors to show them the things that really matter, trying to get them Situation in Palestine The South Africa General to grow in the things that are Mission began with work among worth while and to shake off The situation in Palestine, the white population of South those that hinder. Girls who dark though it is, has a few en- Africa, chiefly Jews and Mos- care-and those who don't; girls couraging features. lems, soldiers and sailors, rail- who know very little and those way and postoffice workers, but who know too much! Girls who 1. The Jews, driven by presthis proved to be the stepping have never known tribal life, but ent difficulties, are thinking and stone to that which followed. only the so-called civilized life of questioning about religious mat- The vast expanse of heathen a city like Johannesburg-girls ters as never before. They are darkness was a challenge, and who have never travelled beyond realizing that materialism and after claiming Swaziland, other their native village; girls who religious indifference are not a centers opened, and the work speak one language – girls who sufficient foundation on which to extended into the Cape Prov- speak three or four; girls whose stand amid the present storms, ince, Natal and the Indian set- fathers are paramount chiefs- and they are increasingly asking tlements. The next epoch began girls whose mothers earn their what Christianity has to say. when Frederick Arnot, mission- fees by hard work in a European ary pioneer, reported that he home in one city or another. 2. There is a change of outhad discovered a great unevan- look on the part of young Jews in the agricultural settlements. Formerly they were completely

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

indifferent, and often actively Education in Iran Bible and "no eyes," meaning hostile, to religion. This is no longer the case. The Old Testa- Several years ago, as a move there was none among them who ment is frequently read and to unite the nation more closely, could read. "Do you pray?" he often also the New Testament, the government of Iran pro- asked. No, they didn't pray. and Jews are ready and in many "Do you sing?" No, the young cases eager to discuss religious hibited Iranian students from man had told them their songs questions. attending any schools under for- were bad, and they must not sing eign direction. Thereupon, Pres- them any more. "What do you 3. It is evident there is a byterian mission schools discon- do when you meet in the dawning realization on the part tinued primary classes; though church ?" And the sad reply of both Jews and Arabs that in Hamadan and Teheran, Iran- came, "We just sit and wait." Christ does offer the one hope of ian Christians kept up this work. peace and reconciliation. The number of young people de- -Alliance Weekly.

-International Council of manding an education is now so A Year's Changes Christian Approach to great that the Ministry of Edu- the Jews. cation has asked the mission to Dr. and Mrs. C. Herbert Rice, reopen its lower schools. Under of Allahabad, have returned to In Armenia present staff limitations this is India, after furlough, and find not possible, but upper classes many changes; among them, the The Secretary of "Friends of Armenia" has recently visited are more and more crowded. It national Congress party had Syria to study the probable future needs and condition of the should also be noted that these taken up the constitutional meth- Armenians, and to recommend schools are in the front rank, as od of advancing the cause of some line of action. Stopping at evidenced by the percentage of self-government. Seven of the Geneva, he found that the Refugee Commission of the League of successful students taking the eleven provinces are now work- Nations was not only dead, but ing under a Congress party minwas calling in the loans made to government examinations. refugees. The whole refugee istry, many of the "stormy problem is greatly accentuated Adult education is making since Germany's seizure of Aus- great strides in the country. petrels" of agitation days now tria, and the increasing number Students in Teheran University occupying seats of authority. fleeing from areas under Nazi last year numbered 1,549, of High British officials are coopdomination. Germany is bring- erating with these ministries in ing pressure to bear upon small whom 86 were women. There countries to refuse help to ref- are 18,354 enrolled Boy Scouts. a genuine effort to make selfugees, and prevent their giving Dr. Sadiq, of the University, in government in the autonomous them asylum. a recently delivered lecture in provinces real and effective. Teheran stated that brotherhood, Measures of social, educational In Syria, Armenians have and agrarian reform are already made tremendous effort to make the sacredness of family ties and demonstrating that the new gova new start; most of them now the doctrine of the resurrection ernments are fully conscious of have SOme sort of a home. Ex- are the center of the Christian treme cleanliness and neatness religion. their responsibilities, and also was found in every shack; ter- that they have a large measure rible poverty and rags, to be sure, but self-respect and no beg- INDIA AND SIAM of popular support. The air is ging. However, everywhere full of proposals for the improvethroughout Syria, with the exception of the coastal province of Waiting for Light ment of the condition of the Lebanon, there is a feeling of rural population, for the proimminent danger, a constant The story is told of a mission- vision of specialized schools and looking over the shoulder for ary who visited a spot in India the bringing of educational what may be coming. where no missionary had ever methods into touch with the life been, yet the villagers had dis- of the people; with plans to pro- Armenians still need all the carded their idols and met each mote the mass education of illithelp that can be given them, week in a church which they had erate adults. especially in the spiritual realm, built. Inquiring into this, the lest with these long continued missionary found that a young . Says Dr. Rice: troubles they may fail to maintain their high Christian tradi- man, traveling for some foreign We are convinced that Christian tion, and their young people, business concern, had been de- institutions will in many ways receive particularly, lapse from the a greater welcome than ever before. splendid .standards of their fa- tained in their village several High-minded national leaders will thers.-Evangelical Christian. days by a flood. While there, he surely accept with gratitude all the told the villagers that they help that we can give in the solution of pressing national and human prob- should not worship idols; that lems. It is true that in the present there was a true God whom they atmosphere of religious rivalry and should worship, and that they tense communalism we may expect in- should build a house and meet in creasing opposition to the conversion it once every seven days. They of Hindus and Mohammedans to Christianity. On the other hand there had followed these instructions. is growing up a constantly increasing The missionary asked if they resentment against ancient authority and ancient forms of social and reli- had a Bible, and who read it to gious restraint. Inroads are being them. They said they had no made upon the caste system. This

growing spirit of freedom will itself that he wished a Christian mar- "Some bought gladly, others penetrate the realm of conscience and riage, before he could change his were so much confused by the religious belief. We need not fear for noise and crowds they were not mind again. This also put a re- interested. Some railed at us the future of the Gospel and the straint on the opposition. The Church, whatever the immediate difficulties connected with the political affair having come before the au- for bothering them so much. situation may be. thorities, they dared not resort Sometimes we talked until our Heathen Marriage the to violence. mouths were dry, but were- Stumblingblock MRS. A. B. GOULD, vived when anyone came to buy. Thus we worked for four days; Presbyterian missionary 3700 portions had been sold." The time – honored heathen at Ambala.

marriage ceremony is the last Ten in One Church Builds a School thing to be renounced by Indian Christians; and nothing so The Baptist Mission in Burma A church in a remote part of is in reality ten missions, owing Siam was having a hard time. arouses non-Christians as a de- to the great diversity of races The staff was small, the district parture from these rites. For and languages in this field. The large, the responsibilities many. one thing, a Christian loses Gospel must be preached to each A young Siamese minister was money by the renunciation, since one in his own tongue; and even called to this field, and soon put each guest is expected to bring a so, there are many tribes as yet his finger upon the difficulty. unreached in the hill section of· "N0 Christian education for the rupee to the bride's father. A Burma, and the border areas. So older boys," he said. "The little hundred guests would quite ma- when we read .of Bur man ones can go to the girls' school; terially help to defray expenses c h u r c h e s, Burmese-speaking but the big ones have to go to for the feast. But this is not all. churches are meant, not every government schools where they A while ago a Christian couple have to take part in Buddhist wished to marry their daughter church in Burma. to a Christian young man from celebrations, and are seldom able In addition to work among the to go to church or Sunday school. another district. The bride- many races in Burma, the Gospel They drift away from Christiangroom's party arrived the eve- is preached to Indian immi- ity. That means, too, that the ning before, reenforced by three grants. Most of the 15,000,000 Christian girls have to marry Christian preachers, whose pres- inhabitants of Burma live in vil- non-Christian .or only half-Chrisence, it was thought, would dis- lages of from ten to three hun- tian men. Some day our people courage active hostilities. The dred houses, and most .of the invited guests, Christians from will be so well trained and edu- missionary work centers in the cated themselves that they can other villages, had also arrived. towns. R u r a I reconstruction The dinner was cooked and committees are being organized. instruct their children at home in Christian faith and practice; ready to serve. But the enemy had mustered his forces. Chu- Footprint of Buddha but now we need a school." hras (Sweepers), the class from So he put it up to the church, which these Christians came, One cannot help being im- and the members agreed to start had gathered from a number of villages, and swore that not a pressed with the religious fervor a boys' school as one .of their bite of that dinner should be of the crowds, old and young, projects. It is still an experieaten until the parents consented who visit the footprint of Bud- ment, but is well under way. to a Chuhra wedding. dha at Prabat, Siam, every year. Church members contribute a The men stood by with walk- A Siamese colporteur tells in part of the expenses, some help ing sticks, to intimidate the the Siam Outlook of the oppor- comes from the mission and guests. The Mohammedans of tunities this festival offers for some from churches in other vilthe village sided with the presenting the Gospel. "We lages from which pupils come. Chuhras, and threatened to turn sang as we rode along by launch The Siamese pastor hopes to the family out of their village if to Lopburi. A man asleep was have the school self-supporting they persisted in their purpose. disturbed, and asked us what in four years.

All night the dinner lay un- we were doing. This gave us a touched. The guests drowned chance to bear witness. Great CHINA their hunger in sleep, so far as crowds were going happily Hope in the Long View the noise of battle would permit! along, some selling flowers to The discussion went on most of offer at the shrine. After we Dr. W. W. Yen, former Chi- the night, with the result that had found a place to stay in nese ambassador to Moscow and the father, never much of a force the market, we went into every Minister to Washington, believes in the family, was won over, and by-lane where we might make a that "out of the ashes .of death gave his consent to a Chuhra sale. So we continued until two and devastation, there will arise marriage. Here was defeat. The in the morning, for people were a new China, modern, sanitary, next step was for the preachers enjoying the festival all night. scientific and beautiful, testify- to get the father to the nearest Some of our Gospel portions ing to the indomitable spirit and police post four miles away, and were stolen: we pray they were indefatigable industry of the there make him sign a statement read! people." Dr. Yen thinks there

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

is no warrant for pessimism, be- upheld the cause of justice. Through sincere, often tearful confession cause throughout the ages the His words and works, He manifested of national and personal sin. Chinese have been able to the reality of His love and sacrificial Mr. Lewis says that in the many weather the storm. Out of the prayer-meetings he has attended spirit. I have come to the conviction that, if we wish to revive the Chinese present struggle, the greatest people and reform society, we must during the past year he has not gain will be national unity; an- heard one word of recrimination other is the lesson of self-help, adopt as our own the universal love against the invaders. On the the gain in moral values and in- and sacrificial spirit of Jesus. There- contrary, they often make earn- fore, I take it that in whatever sphere of life, whether in social relationships, ternational understanding. civil administrations, military com- est prayer both for the Chris- -The China Colleges. mand or other service, we must make tians of Japan and the people in charity and peace the basic principles general, and entreat God to dis- Victorious Christian Youth of action. To this end all revolution- pose their hearts toward peace. ists must accept, struggle and sacrifice A number of missionaries in Evidence multiplies as to the as a daily duty. This was the spirit widely separated areas of China victory of Christian over nation- of Jesus. This is what I meant when testify to their belief that this is alist feeling in this time of crisis. I had occasion to say before, "We the attitude of the whole Chris- shall not give up the hope of peace until peace is absolutely hopeless, but Hunan University Christian As- we will not shrink from any sacrifice tian Church in China. sociation addressed an open let- when the hour demands it."

ter to Japanese Christian stu- Snap Shots from Siangtan Time for Advance in Tibet dents, and after expressing dismay over the invasion of their Interesting things have been In China's Millions, Dr. J. H. happening in Siangtan, Hunan. Jeffrey lists the following reacountry, which they characterize One was the opening of the sons for a missionary advance as "wanton and unwarranted," Kwangtao Girls' School building among non-Chinese in Tibet: they express the hope that "our as a refuge for Christian Chinese flooding into the city. A commu- A more favorable political situation. common belief in God and our nity kitchen was set up and the love of personality will not dis- classrooms divided into cubicles A priesthood largely discredited, in appear in this time of crisis; and to accommodate 70 at a time. some parts at least. that the spirit of our common Morning worship is conducted, fellowship may be kept alive and one baptism has resulted. The destruction of many important Three refugees are tutoring as a lamaseries and the slaughtering of . . . so as to sow the seeds for means of support; others hold hundreds of lamas, thereby depriving future building for the service night classes. the non-Chinese people of their spirof God." The Hunan students itual guides. then urge the Japanese to join Another outstanding feature with them in a period of prayer was the organization of a Chris- High cost of training priests. at stated hours, saying, "Let us tian Fellowship group, that pray that this war will soon end, Christian refugees might get ac- Friendliness of the people towards the foreigner. let us devote ourselves to preparing for Christian fellowship be- Many regions formerly regarded as being closed to the missionary now tween our countries in the fu- are open.

Readiness to believe the mission- ary's message.

ture. . . . We pray for tolerance quainted with one another and JAPAN-CHOSEN and love and faith in God." The with the Christians of the city. letter is concluded by a quotation Two large gatherings have al- Delegates to Madras ready been held with over a hunfrom the prayer of our Lord as dred in attendance each time. After a good deal of hesita- tion, Japanese Christians have recorded in John 17: 20-23 and Bible study groups and a lit- decided to participate in the eracy class have been held espethe final sentence is, "God bless cially for the refugees, and the Madras Conference, and about literacy class for children has 15 Japanese delegates and seven you all!" -Advance. been reopened. missionaries are now on their way. Several full meetings of Chiang Kai-Shek on the Radio Continued Prayer for Japan the delegation have been held, and sectional and group studies In a recent radio address, the Rev. A. B. Lewis, member of are now going on. Dr. Kagawa Generalissimo referred to Jesus the Field Council of the China plans to go, and to spend some Christ as the leader of a national revolution, and also of a reli- weeks in evangelistic effort in gious revolution. He said: I have long sought to know the real Inland Mission, writes in the India. source of the revolutionary spirit of Life of Faith of the effects of Within the Christian move- Jesus. From whence did it spring? ment in Japan, there is a tend- Entirely from His spirit of love. war on the Chinese Church. ency toward a more unified con- Chinese Christians have been trol. The smaller denominations Through the spirit of love He would driven to their knees as never drive from the minds of men all evil thinking and break up systems of before. Heartfelt earnestness is and the many one-church units inequality that all men might exercise to be expected, but the outstand- are on the way to federating and the heaven-given right to enjoy liberty ing thing about their prayers then affiliating with the National and equality. has been the complete absence of Christian Council. Conferences All through His life Jesus opposed bitterness toward Japan, and the are also being held to discuss orthe use of might without right, but

ganic church union, and a spirit mise was correct, and he still has were baptized. Today there are of urgency is noted. his copy. -Monday Morning. 400,000 baptized Christians of the Batuk tribe. Their churches, ~The Christian Century. MALAYA AND THE large and small, dot the land. ISLANDS Making the Dead Give -Missionary Educator. Moslems of Malaya Japan has decided that the Chinese Conference in dead also must contribute to the Christian missions among Mo- Singapore conquest of China. A group of hammedans in Malaya have asdentists recently told the govern- sumed several forms. The first There have been Religious ment that about $2,900,000 in thing to be done is to gain the gold goes each year into graves confidence of the people, and Education Conferences in Singaor cremation urns, so it has been medical aid is one of the most suggested that a dentist be as- effective ways. Christian litera- pore in English, but recently one signed to each crematorium to ture is another. So far, only one remove gold fillings, plates, experiment has been made in in- was held in Chinese for the Chicrowns and teeth from the stitutional work; this is the bodies. boarding school in Malacca, nese Church in Singapore, in started with the idea that work, Here are some of the features to be effective, must be carried which entire responsibility for of a vast program of retrench- on outside the village environment: chemists in the Ministry ment, where Christian influence the program was assumed by of Agriculture are tanning rat has a better chance to operate. skins in their search for a leather One of the most recent experi- Chinese pastors and lay workers. substitute, and match makers are ments in establishing good-will asked to reduce the length of the contacts with the Malays has It continued for four days, June match by .029 inches. Shorten- been teaching the Malay women ing of the match stick, it is esti- to read. This has been made 28-July 1, at the new. Foochow mated, would save enough in a possible through the application year to keep the army going in of the system by Dr. Laubach, of Methodist Church. ,There were China, at the present rate of ex- the Philippine Islands, to the penditure, for about one hour Malay language. It has proved delegations from every Methodand five minutes. to be very successful, and thus another door has been opened. ist and Presbyterian Chinese -Alliance Weekly. -Christian Advocate. church of Singapore, Johore and Miserliness Saves a Bible! The Gospel in Sumatra Malacca districts, as well as While Syenchun, one of the largest Christian centers in One hundred and four years from Seremban and Sitiawan. Chosen, has active church groups ago, two American missionaries, and a living spirit of evangelism, Lyman and Munson, made the The men and women were it is a different story in a village first attempt to carry the Gospel barely three miles from there. to the pagan race of one-time about equal in number; the Voluntary Christian workers cannibals in Sumatra, called who went out from Syenchun to Batuks. Twice some of the Ba- women made their contribution conduct services and w 0 r k tuks had been killed by Mohama m 0 n g non – Christians were medans because they would not to the program equal to that of pelted with rocks; the Christian embrace the faith of Islam. villagers had even worse experi- Thinking these two white mis- the men, and were particularly ences, some were beaten and all sionaries were Mohammedans, were abused in one way or an- come to kill them, they promptly prominent in the demonstration other. Finally, local police took put them to death, and feasted a hand and jailed the most vio- on their flesh. For 25 years, ,no classes and in the smaller discuslent persecutors for one day. one dared go again. When the sion groups. Opposition was checked, but not Batuks at last realized that the ill feeling. missionaries were their friends, One day was devoted to each the way was opened for others to One young man had bought go with the Gospel message, and of four themes: children's work; five copies of the New Testament almost at once the Batuk people and his grandfather burned embraced Christianity. This re- young people's work; work them all. Then, hoping that the markable fact has no parallel in old man's penurious disposition the history of the Church today. with adults and work in the would keep him from destroying Thousands of these once cannisomething that cost a great deal, bals accepted the Gospel and community. 0 the r features he bought a very expensive copy of the New Testament. His sur- were: Church music and Sing- ing, Chinese Literacy work and methods of teaching illiterates Romanized Hokkien, and recrea- tional programs for young peo- ple. -Malaysia Message.

Filipino Christian Projects Dr. William H. Crothers, now beginning his second year of vol- untary service as member of the faculty of Union Theological Seminary, Manila, tellS' what he saw on a tour of missionary projects in the Philippines: "We saw self – supporting churches at their worship; met enough evangelical Christians in places of responsibility to know how far out of proportion to their numbers is their influence; saw three of our mission hospi- tals actually enlarging or plan- ning expansion; we saw, in fact, church history in the making- the love of Christ animating men

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

and women and children, mold- one who cannot use his brains they may be used for religious ining their lives and motivating for such purpose. They came to struction if it is so requested. institutions. If the thousands of realize that education is essenmen and women who, for the tial to progress. -Manila Daily Bulletin. love of that same Lord, have given offerings that have made Today, teachers are trained MISCELLANEOUS this work possible could have at Davuilevu, which has in addiseen what we have seen, they tion to the Normal School a pri- The Problem of the Jew would, in this dark day in the mary school, technical school Orient, thank God and take some and theological seminary. From There are evidences of incourage." -Monday Morning. this center come some of Fiji's creasing anti-Jewish feeling in best men. As a still further America and Great Britain. This An Old Timer Returns equipment for life, agricultural situation moved a group of training is provided at Navuso. Christians last spring to suggest A soldier who had served in Nor has the education of girls special days of prayer for Israel the. Philippines from 1898 to been neglected. Several schools on the first Sundays of July and 1902 recently revisited the teach them the principles of October, 1938, and January and I s I and s. Astonished at the hygiene and the art of cooking, April, 1939. Five suggestions changes he saw, he asked a needlework and home-building. for prayer have been made: friend how it was that the na- T hat anti-Semitism may be tives had made such unparalleled -The Missionary Review averted in the United States, progress. The friend promptly (Australia) . that Christians everywhere may named as factors in the prog- share something of Christ's love ress, the Filipinos' disposition to Quezon Rebukes Catholic for His brethren, that Israel will advice, the spirit of the Taft Church look to God for help and not to Commission, American teachers nations, that American nations and American missionaries. On the eve of his departure will have a share in the care of Noting an incredulous expres- for Japan, President Quezon of Jewish refugees, and that the sion at the mention of mission- the Philippines, issued a strong present issues in Palestine may aries, he added : "Yes, mission- rebuke to the Catholic Church in be settled as God would have aries. In proportion to their the Philippines. This was in re- them settled. number, no group did more to ply to an ecclesiastical letter, interpret to the Filipinos the urging a boycott of schools "Hadassah," the Women's Zispirit of America, and to assist where religion is not taught. onist Organization of America, them to assimilate its civil, edu- The President accused the has to date raised sufficient cational and religious freedom. Church of trying to meddle in funds to transfer and provide They discussed the personal and for 2,200 German and Polish community problems of the peo- affairs of State, and warned that Jewish children, and to settle ple on the plane of sympathy and this will not be tolerated. Among them in Palestine. Up to the friendship, and visited the hum- other things, Quezon, himself a present, 1500 Austrian Jewish blest of them as good Samari- boys and girls have applied to a tans."-Madras News Service. Catholic, said: Palestine Bureau in Vienna for similar transfer to Palestine. Education for Fijians It should be unnecessary to remind A Jewish rabbi of Lexington, A former student of the Meth- the ecclesiastical authorities in the Ky., VIsited Germany with a odist Boys' School in Suva gives Sherwood Eddy group last June, the Fijian point of view regard- Philippines that the separation of relying upon his United States ing education. Early Methodist passport to protect him from asmissionaries were the first to Church and State in this country is sault. He says that the situation build schools to teach Fijian in Nazi Germany has not been youngsters what they needed to a reality and not a mere theory; and overdrawn, and that all Jews know. The results were wonder- there are facing starvation by ful. Those early schools were that as far as our people are con- 1940. He calls attention to the held in the village church, if fact that cutting off these people there was one; otherwise, out cerned, it is forever settled that this from purchasing power will of doors. Lessons were mostly have its effect on economic consums and the vernacular; how- separation shall be maintained as one ditions, and the closing of Jewever, to know something is bet- ish stores will be reflected in all ter than to know nothing, and of the cardinal tenets of our govern- the industries. In his opinion, this paved the way for Fijian the faith of the Jew is not failparents to wish their children to ment. . . . . ing him. By hundreds, they are have an education, for they saw worshipping in their synathe contrast between the child If I were inclined to interfere in gogues.-I. C. C. A. J. N ew.'l who has learned to read and the Sheet, Dayton, Ohio, News. the affairs of the Church, as the School Curricula Revised Catholic bishops are attempting to do Some idea of what follows with the affairs of the State, I would when a conquering army enters tell the Archbishop and the bishops of the ecclesiastical province of Cebu that it is their lack of Sunday schools and catechists to teach the Catholic religion that is mainly responsible for the deplorable ignorance of their own religion that is found among Catholic youth.

Moreover, if the desire is to have hours exclusively devoted to religious instruction in the public schools, so that the regular school activities may not interfere with said instruction, I am placing Saturdays and Sundays at the disposal of all the ministers of all the religions existing in the Phil- ippines. On Saturdays and Sundays, the public schools are not being used for school purposes and, therefore,

a country may be had from in- The first task of the Council attention to the remarkable genformation sent by Dr. S. C. Ziegler, United Brethren missionary will be to aid in keeping up the erosity of Jews toward Chrisin North China. In regard to education he says: standards, professional and spir- tians. Christian refugees from The Japanese acquired control of a itual, of the medical and nursing Germany and Austria have delarge area so rapidly that it was impossible for them to handle immedi- appointees of the various mis- pended in large measure upon ately all the problems that arose. Revision of the curriculum was dealt sion boards. A second task will Jewish help. with in only the sketchiest fashion. Military training, Boy Scouting and be the study of environments in The lot of Christians of Jewish civics, which had been a part of the political training imposed on the many countries with a view to origin is even more unfortunate schools by the nationalist party, were suggesting to the societies ways than that of the Jews. They immediately abolished. A Codex Expurgatus for the textbooks used in in which their medical work were doubly outcasts. They were the other subjects was issued, and whole pages that offended them had may become better related to the not Jews, because their parents to be torn out, while separate para- churches, to government health or grandparents had embraced graphs and sentences had to be deleted programs, and to developing sys- Christianity, and they were not under the teachers' direction. For the tems of national medical prac- recognized as German citizens coming semester primary schools are tice. forbidden to use any of the textbooks because they had some tincture formerly issued in China. New ones now being printed in Japan are prom- of Jewish blood. It is underised in a month. In the meantime, we How Much Is a Man Worth? stood that the Council will enhave to mimeograph lesson sheets to use. Japanese as a foreign language An exchange comments on the deavor to assist Christian and has been added as a required subject damages allowed in accident other non-Jewish people who are from the fifth grade through the cases, and asks what is the true' fleeing from Germany, Austria twelfth. The general trend is toward value of a human being. A boy and Sudetenland. the elimination of Western ideas and -Life of Faith. influences, and bringing in classical lost his hand and the courts al- Chinese and pro-Japanese ideas. Recently all teachers were required to lowed him $1,700 damages, but attend a three-day institute conducted later, when he lost his other Christian Youth Conference by Chinese and Japanese officials, at which the invincibility of Japan and arm, he was allowed $2,000 dam- In the list of encouraging the desirability of a Japan-Manchu- age. An eighteen months old kuo-China alliance against the West child toddled out into the alley trends of today must be classed and the white race were loudly pro- where rubbish had been burned, the increasing number of youth cla.imed. and three toes were injured. conferences, and camps. One Damage, $750. A young wom- was held at Bievres, France, in -Dayton Daily News. an, injured in an auto wreck in August, when 60 leaders from 23 Omaha, was given $9,500 by the Christian Medical Council court. A girl going abroad to countries formulated plans for a buy perfume had her nose in- World Conference of Christian The Christian Medical Coun- Youth, to be held in Amsterdam, cil for Overseas Work was es- sured for $50,000. Because of Holland, July 24-August 2, 1939. tablished in New York on June her back being broken in an ac- The delegates represented the 3, 1938, by twelve missionary you t h organizations of the societies of North Arne ric a cident a girl was allowed $38,- churches, the Y. M. C. A.~ the which have long sought a way 000. A Kansas City lad injured Y. W. C. A., the World's Student by which their medical work by a live wire so that he could Christian Federation, the Ecumight become better correlated never smile was allowed by the menical Youth Commission of at home and more effectively in- courts $20,000. A boy's ability the World Alliance for Internategrated with the needs of the to smile is quite worth while. A tional ~riendship through the environment abroad. They have motorcycle officer in Omaha was already created an office for su- allowed $30,000 damage for loss Churches and the Provisional pervision of the health of their of a leg while on duty. Ian Ku- Committee of the proposed workers abroad. This agency belik had the fingers of his left World Council of Churches. has been at work in New York hand insured for $250,000 while City for over five years and is a Paderewski carries $10,000,000 The program is to have four conspicuous example of comity insurance on his fingers. The basic emphases. The first is to among missionary societies. It question is, if parts of the body is the stated purpose of the are so valuable, what is the stress solidarity by setting forth Council, "to discover what, un- value of a soul? the essential content of their der changing conditions, should common Christian faith; the be the unique contribution of second is an approach to the Christianity through medicine; problems of the day through inand, as an advisory body, to aid the societies in making that con- Aid for Christian Refugees tensive, daily study of the Bible; tribution effective." the third discussion of actual In the Jerusalem Chamber of next steps to be undertaken by Westminster Abbey, in October, Christian young people; and there was inaugurated a Central fourth, an effort to place all of Council for Christian Refugees. these elements of the program in It is estimated that the migra- a setting of ecumenical worship tion from Sudetenland will in- in which the theme of the day volve 100,000 Germans, 30,000 and the aspirations of the dele- Jews and 400,000 Czechs. Sir gates are brought together be- John Simpson, who was elected fore God in prayer. Chairman of the Council, calls -Federal Council Bulletin.

Missionary

Books Briefly Reviewed for the Readers' Information Devotees of Christ. By D. S. Batley, study books and will prove in- Himself. The Autobiography of a Illus. 12 mo. 147 pp. 28. Church Hindu Lady. By Ramabai Ranada. of England Zenana Missionary So- teresting reading for mission ciety. London. 1938. study circles. Translated from the Marathi by Mrs. Katherine VanAkin Gates.

If anyone still has a doubt Dr. Ida, India. By Mary Pauline Jef- 8 vo. 253 pp. $2.00. Longmans Green & Co. New York. 1938. about the conversion of Indian fery. Introduction by Mrs. Henry women to Christ and the value W. Peabody. Illus. 212 pp. $2.00. This is a very delightful of such "new birth," this book Fleming H. Revell Co. New York. by Miss Batley of the C. E. Z. 1938. autobiography of a Hindu wom- M. S. will supply uncontestable an, married to an educated Hinevidence. They not only became Anyone in America at all in- du reformer whom she refers to Christians but efficient workers formed about mISSIOns, and as "Himself." They never befor Christ. As the Right Hon. many in India not so informed, came Christians but continued to Viscount Halifax, former British will know that this book tells observe many Hindu rites and Viceroy of India says in his in- the thrilling story of Dr. Ida S. customs. The interesting story troduction, "These women, by Scudder, President of the Medi- reveals the highest kind of famtheir noble work, accomplished cal College for Women at Vel- ily, public and religious life much in their time." The stories lore, South India. And it is a among educated Indians. The of some twenty-three of these truly wonderful story – fuB of wife, married at the age of women are told here and told ef- stirring incidents and inspira- eleven, was later the founder of fectively. Almost all of them tion. the Seva Sedan Society, to uplift were connected with the Church Indian womanhood. The picture of England missions, but many It is an indication of the place is not typical of India any more others equally remarkable came Dr. Ida holds in India that a let- than are the sordid pictures in out through the work of Bap- ter from America, addressed "Mother India," but Mrs. Ratists, Presbyterians, Methodists with only the three English nade shows the brighter side of and others. words that form the title of this the picture and uses language book, should reach Dr. Scudder that might refer to the Jewish The biographies are very brief in a land of over 350,000,000 or Moslem religion. There is no but enough facts are given to people living in over 740,000 Christ in their thought or expemake them interesting reading. cities and villages and speaking rience so that the Christian view over thirty languages! of sin, salvation, God and eternal Some names are well known like life is not mentioned. Chandra Lela, Pandita Ramabai, The life story tells of Dr. Ida's famous grandfather, John Scud- Ellen Lakshinie Goreh and Susie der, and his call to India; of the It Began in Galilee. A Study in Sorabji. Others are known only father John who followed to the Revolutionary Christianity. By to a few outside of their immedi- same field; then .of Ida's mis- Reginald J. Barker, Director of the ate circles-but they are worth chievous girlhood and the "three Methodist Central Mission in Tonyknowing-women like Shuruth calls in the night" that led her to pandy (Wales). 317 pages. $2.50. Mohini Datta and Marmarna devote her life to the neglected Cokesbury Press, Nashville, Tenn.

Bose. Most of them have gone women of India. Most criticisms of Christian- to their reward but some are still Dr. Ida of India has built up ity are directed against some excarrying on their devoted serv- the large Christian hospital, isting form of it. But the critics ice. They came from many walks nurses' training school and Med- of the revolutionary Christianity of life and all had tasted the un- ical College in South India. To here proposed will have to direct satisfying fruits of Hinduism or the advantages of good birth, their shafts against the theory, other Indian religions before thorough education, beauty and not the practice, for the precise they found peace and satisfac- unusual ability are added, in Dr. gravamen of Mr. Barker's tion in Christ. They entered into Scudder, co u rag e, Christian charge (so far as he is critical) Christ's service as preachers, character and a vital fellowship is that unless Christianity is revteachers, mothers, doc tor s , with Christ. olutionary it is not real, and that nurses, matrons and Bible wom- The book gives much valuable therefore most actual types of en. Here is an excellent sup- information on India-caste, dis- this religion, as now exemplified, plementary volume to this year's ease, women and children. are not genuine. What Mr.

Any of the books noted in these columns will be sent by the REVIEW publishers on receipt of price.

[617 ]

Barker proposes, however, is not Barker sees only failure for any upon Christ's head, if he has not set forth as something newly in- revolutionary movement, how- first crowned Him King and ever much he may sympathize Lord of his own life." vented and therefore untried. During the making of this book with their aims, which does not An Epilogue offers an answer he has re-read the New Testa- include re-making of men by the to the question any reader would ment many times-and with vig- power of Jesus Christ. Individ- ask: If the present state of ualistic (traditional) Christian- things is so diametrically unorous results. He goes straight ity fails because it is essentially Christian, and if not only the to the New Testament for the State but the Church opposes al- selfish and other-worldly, and most every attempt to right the bases of his contentions: that therefore is false to Christ and world, how can genuine Christi- Christianity is in essence revolu- to the Word of God; secular so- anity get a start? The author sees no mass-movement, but a tionary, not simply for the indi- cialism and revolutionary anti- few outstanding personalities, an vidual but for society; that per- Christian com m u n ism are "order" cutting across all fron- doomed also to fail because they tiers, perhaps forced out of orsonal and social Christianity are ganized Christianity and cominseparable. The light of the do not aim at inner transforma- pelled to found a church-life of Gospel upon this world, and our tion. The revolutionary appeal its own; filled with power, swinging open the gates of civilization in it, has never been "must be evangelical to be effec- prayer again, knowing God not turned more unsparingly and tive. . . . The Christian ethic only in limited interior ways but in the whole gamut of human exvividly than in this book. The as an ethic is impossible; as a perience. author re-examines carefully the religion it is gloriously possible." KENNETH J. FOREMAN. records and the ideal in Gospels Unlike some who have been and Epistles, surveys the present strongly moved by the social China Marches Toward the Cross. By Earl H. Cressey, Executive Secstate of the world, and concludes challenge of the Gospel, the au- retary of the China Christian Eduthat if the true Gospel of Christ thor does not ignore theology. cational Assn. Pamphlet. 25 cents. were really preached and prac- On the contrary, his social pro- Friendship Press. New York. 1938. ticed it would mean a revolution. gram is entwined with his re- Here is a timely pamphlet on Mr. Barker means just what ligious beliefs. He is no Calvin- the Japanese invasion of China he says. Many persons assent and its effect on the land, the lazily to the proposition that ist, but his brilliant excoriation people and Christian missions. of Calvinism is less an indication First the author, an American Christianity would make a dif- of that system as it is preached Baptist missionary for 28 years ference, if practiced. Where Mr. and now on the China Christian Barker differs is in proposing today than a reflection of the ef- Council staff, gives a brief statethat we do something about it; fect that a high Barthianism has ment as to the Marco Polo and in envisaging the revolution on a sensitive and social-minded Bridge incident in July, 1937, in concrete economic-social that was used as an excuse for Christian. the Japanese military advance. terms. Capitalism is flatly de- Even those who cannot go all The result has been increasing solidarity, resistance and announced; absolute pacifism is the way with the author can tagonism to Japanese on the part held up as the only really Chris- profit from reading such a book. of Chinese sufferers. tian position; repeatedly the No one can read it with compla- In the midst of this suffering saying is quoted, that "the bias cency. A gift at pointed phrase- and cruelty the story of the sacof the disciple who has the mind making makes truth stick. Al- rificial service of Christian mis- sionaries stands out as an epic of Christ, will always be towards most at random one may note: of heroism. They have defied communism." The truly radical "They were pricked to the threats, danger, suffering and nature of Christ's religion is so death. Men and single women heart-by the sharp point of the have stuck to their posts in order plain, we are told, that only those that they might minister to the can miss it who are comfortably Cross which had been driven Chinese refugees and wounded. cushioned in their own security. into the heart of God." "His The story quoted from various centers is thrilling and might be A Christian who speaks thus death was necessary for the greatly enlarged. should have earned the right to hard-hearted whose ve r y re- spectability obscured the i r Chapter three describes some do so; and Mr. Barker, as head need." of the work of relief, the exodus of a Methodist mission in the from invaded areas and the refamous (or infamous) Welsh "The Cross is no historic trick sults of air-raids. Christian to appease an angry God; it is work in "occupied" areas is the coal-mining district, has not only the eternal truth of God and His seen the end-results of capital- way with man in all his history." ism in a "Christian" country but has given his own life to bring a "The Kingdom (of God) is Christian solution. our world seen under the aspect The distinctive feature of this of the universal sovereignty of author's viewpoint is the God." "The significance of Jesus can warmth of his evangelical fervor, his high reverence for never be taught as a doctrine; Christ, and his deep-rooted it is born of that knowledge Christian faith. In no irritable which comes from love of him." or sarcastic spirit, but in love, "It remains true, however, that no man can lift a hand to place moves the entire argument. Mr. the crowns of earth's kingdoms

OUR MISSIONARY BOOKSHELF

subject of chapter four. Mis- only once and then merely to re- Church and the Oxford Group," sionaries and Chinese Christians fer to an incident, his theological and that the Church should not have carried on with increasing viewpoint is apparently the same be "guilty of the insensate folly vigor, in spite of heavy losses. as that of the first four chapters of rejecting unity with any force Most of the mission stations re- of that formerly much discussed that can help in the winning of main open and active and thir- but now half forgotten volume. the spiritual world war." Critics teen of the great Christian edu- He holds that "the answer to of the "Groups" may not relish cational institutions are still in present world turmoil is a new such a characterization. The operation but eight of them have Christianity freed from the dog- book as a whole is excellent, a moved to new locations. Their matic metaphysics of the Catho- fervent summons to Christians enrolment is 4,305 compared lic Church, and from both the to get in pe'rsonal touch with God with 7,098 for the previous year. irresponsible otherworldliness of and unite in a spiritual mass The great Chinese trek to the Lutheranism and the legalistic movement which God can mobil- "new West" is briefly described conception of Calvinism." He ize for the salvation of the world. as the greatest mass movement strongly urges a "liberal Prot- ARTHUR J. BROWN.

of population in modern history. estantism" w h i c h "recognizes Factories, public buildings, rail- the will of God as supreme over Toward a Literate World. By Rev. roads and bridges have been de- all life, individual and national," FTank C. Laubach, Ph.D. Foreword stroyed in the path of the in- a Christianity the heart of which by Prof. Edward L. Thorndike of vaders. The last chapter (Nine) is the revelation of God in Columbia University. 8vo. 175 pp. describes the present missionary Christ, and the goal of which is $1.50. Columbia University Press. New York. 1938.

"opportunity." The prestige of the Kingdom of God as Jesus Dr. Laubach's short cut meth- Christianity was never so high described it. Those who do not od of teaching illiterates to read and people everywhere are ready as well as those who do agree and write has created quite a to listen to the Gospel proclaimed with some of Dr. White's state- stir not only among the Moros by men and women who are giv- ments and theological presuppo- of the Philippines where it was ing their lives for China and are sitions will find much in this revealing Christ by their acts as thoughtful and remarkably in- originally tried, but in India, well as by their words. teresting book in which they will Africa, and other lands. Dr. heartily concur. This book furnishes material Laubach has been called "an for many missionary addresses. ARTHUR J. BROWN. evangelist of literacy" who carries on his campaign success- A Working Faith for the World. By The Church Can Save the World. By fully among all classes of people. Hugh Vernon White. 213 pp. Samuel M. Shoemaker. 162 pp. He estimates the illiterates of $2.00. Harper & Bros. New York. $1.5!J. Harper & Brothers, New 1938. York. 1938. the world at 62 % of the popula- Although Dr. White became The rector of Calvary Protest- tion and in some countries it is sec ret a r y of the American ant Episcopal Church, New Board of Commissioners for York, has earned the right to be as high as 90 %. The progress Foreign Missions only seven heard and read. At the age of thirty-two, he took an old down- toward literacy has been steady during the past thirty years but it has been slow. By Dr. Lau- bach's method illiterates have years ago, he has already won a town Protestant E pis cop a I learned to read their native recognized place a m 0 n g the church (Calvary), with a large tongue in a few weeks. This scholarly thinkers and writers plant and a small congregation; will be of immense advantage in on missionary problems. The his flaming zeal has made it an general education and in openthesis of his present volume is evangelistic powerhouse in that ingavenues of Christian truth. well expressed in its title. He part of the city. . The present What has been accomplished and presses for a "faith" that volume, like its predecessors, the method, form a fascinating "works." In Part I, "Christian- shows that he has something to story. Missionaries and educaity a World Faith," he discusses say and that he knows how to tors in backward countries will the world's need of a unifying say it in straight-forward fash- be especially interested in Dr. faith, the different kinds of reli- ion. He believes that the situa- Laubach's story and many will gion, the role of religion in hu- tion at home and abroad is omi- be eager to apply his principles man life, and the effect of reli- nous with peril, but that the to their own people. The achievegion on civilization. In Part II, Church can yet be used to save ments among the Moros and the "Christianity at Work," he dis- the world if its members will influence on their whole life and cusses the religious character of dedicate themselves to the task thought constitute a miracle of the world mission, "sharing and in full surrender to the guidance progress.

beyond," and the two poles of of God. His viewpoint is that of the Christian movement. Part the "Oxford Group," of which he Directory of World Missions. Edited III describes the "Objectives of is the recognized leader in the by Joseph 1. Parker. 8 vo. 255 pp. Christianity" as Christian truth, United States. His zeal leads International Missionary Council. Christian personality, and Chris- him to declare that "antichrist New York. 1938. tian community. While he men- has been busy attempting to This companion volume to the tions "Re-Thinking Missions," wedge apart the organized "Statistical Survey" gives the

main facts-names, addresses, subsistence by hard work. The do not believe, in the hope of officers, periodicals and fields of reward 'Of toil, outside of char- winning their assent but we the mission boards, societies, col- acter and personality building, meet with disappointment. Why leges and councils connected is kept before the reader in the with Protestant foreign mis- form of wage'S or returns for is this? Such books are good sions. Merely this brief direc- service. The change of wages and useful, but· is there some tory impresses one with the mag- in various economies is carefully other approach to which Chrisnitude of the enterprise. Over considered as related to China. tianity must turn? Canon 1,100 organizations are listed Barry's restatement is firm and (without duplications abo u t The 3,000 years of feudalism persuasive-a genuine and hon- 1,000) ; these are related to nine- in China repeated many condi- est service to the Christian teen denominational families and tions found in the world tQday, cause. He himself, no doubt, independent groups. The Pres- showing the way to organic CQ- feels the perplexity. Our Chrisbyterians and the Reformed rep- operation among variQus ecoresent the largest number of so- nomic groups. The study of tian case is clear. Why then do cieties, (83); the Lutherans wages is fruitful for the scholar, men not believe? That is our come next (60); the Methodists the agriculturalist, the me- problem. The Gospel of John is next (43); and the Baptists chanic, the tradesman and 'Other full of answers to it. (42) . Independent and "Faith" workers but nQt to the militarist missions are not separately whose life is built on the philoso- R. E. SPEER. listed, but they number over 175, phy of force. union enterprises. 275 and indig- Steps Toward the World Council. enous societies over 100. The This book traces the primal By Charles S. McFarland. 8 vo. independent "Faith" missions cell of China in society toances- 128 pp. $1.25. Fleming H. Revell have had an especially large tral relations and then thrQugh Co., New York. 1938. growth in the past twenty-five property holding, bartering and years. This reference volume is the problems of industrial diffi- The recent Conference at particularly valuable for mission- culties. Facts as to' incQme, the Utrecht, Holland, draws attenary executives. cost 'Of living and the means of tion to the movement for church subsistence are carefully CQm- unity. The next step seems to Adventures of Service. Stories of piled. In an estimated popula- bet h e "World Council 'Of Modern Pioneers. By D. M. Gill and tion of 474,569,181 or 80% are Churches," proposed at the Ox- A. M. Pullen. 127 pp. $1.00; paper, active in agriculture. The me- ford and Edinburgh Conferen- 50 cents. Friendship Press. New chanical trades are growing in ces. Dr. McFarland, who was York. 1938. number and their products are the first Secretary of the Fed- becoming diversified. These eral Council of Churches of Here are eight stories of facts help the missionary to Christ in America, presents a pioneers who worked against gauge, not only the condition but brief history of the Movement, heavy odds to help their fellow the possible support to be ex- showing the need, progress and men and women. Some are well pected fQr the Church and its some of the suggested plans; known -like Jane Addams and institutiQns. Booker T. Washington. Others Victory Through Youth. By Luther are comparatively unknown- While there is nO' direct ref- J. Holcomb. Booklet. 83 pp. 25 like John Flynn of Central Aus- erence to the Christian mission- cents. Boardman Press, Nashville, tralia, Edward Wilson of the ary enterprise as such, every- Tenn. 1938. Antarctic Scott Expedition and thing in the book bears some re- Sophia Jex-Blake of Scotland lation to missions and to all life It is estimated that over 15,- who opened the medical profes- as related to sound economic sion to women. They a'"8 read- principles. JOHN M. G. DARMS. 000,000 young people under the able stories told fQr young people. Additional facts, a few What Has Christianity to Say? By age of thirty are connected with dates and names of places are F. R. Barry. 192 pp. $2.00. Haradded in the notes in the ap- pers. New York. Protestant churches in America. pendix. Canon Barry deals in this At least 10,000,000 are Roman Der Arbeitslohn in China. By Prof. fresh and refreshing book with Dr. Paul Arndt, Dr. Djini-Schen the modern world in its sickness Catholics and 40,000,000 are and Dr. Chii-Fen-Lo. R. M. 9. and with the Gospel worded to Hans Buske, Leipzig. the mind and speech of the mod- outside any church. One-half 'Of ern world a'S the one remedy for Every missionary to China its disease. To us who believe these are between twelve and will find great prQfit from read- it seems that such a statement, ingthis illuminating and inform- meeting the modern mind in its thirty years of age. Mr. Holative book. Evidently it was own habitat, ought to be conwritten after years of research, vincing. Of many present-day comb, a young man, writes of and from first-hand knQwledge statements of the Christian view of the field, by men who gained we have this feeling. And often the need of these youth for a we give these books to men who spiritual revival. The first sec- tion deals with planning a re- vival, suggesting committees and their work. The second part is a series of ten very short mes- sages from such men as Dr.

George W. Truett, J. H. Pace and Norman W. Cox. While the general tenor is Baptist, the whole book relates to youth and their spiritual revival. It has a definite message and practical value. •

Missionary BookshelF Prisoner of War 31,163-Bedros M. Dr. William Pierson Merrill

Sharian. Ernest Pye. 202 pp. recently resigned from the pastorate $1.50. Revell. New York. (Concludea from page 620.) of the Brick Presbyterian Church in New York City, has been elected A Year of Children's Sermons. By Soudan's Second Sunup. Desmond W. President of the International Com- Joseph A. Schofield, Jr. 192 pp. Bittinger. 254 pp. $2.00. Elgin mittee of the World Alliance for In- $1.50. Cokesbury Press, Nashville, Press. Elgin, Ill. ternational Friendship through the Tenn. 1938. Churches. Dr. Merrill is also Presi- Studies in Church Unity. Angus Dun. 48 pp. World Conference on Faith The pastor of the First Pres- and Order. New York. dent of the Church Peace Union. byterian Church of Gouverneur, Urban Scene. Margueritte Harmon New York, has acquired the art Bro. Illus. 61 pp. 25 cents. Friend- … … * of preaching also to adults ship Press. New York. through his talks to children, Vivid Experiences in Korea. William Rev. J. Quinter Miller, Ph.D., has without seeming to do so. All H. Chisholm. 136 pp. $1.00. Bible succeeded Dr. Roy B. Guild as Executhe stories in this volume of Institute Colportage Assn. Chicago. tive Secretary of the Federal Counfifty-two sermons-and they are The Spirit of the Shepherd. M. P. cil's Field Department. Dr. Miller real sermons, each based upon a Krikorian. 125 pp. $1.00. Zon- will continue to carry part-time re- Scripture te~an be adapted dervan Pub. Co. Grand Rapids. sponsibility in the work of the Con- necticut Council of Churches.

… … * Rev. Eleazar Guerra has been elected Bishop of the Methodist Church of Mexico. He is a graduate to local audiences. In some of Studies in Hymnology. Mrs. Crosby of the Southern Methodist University them, simple objects are used as Adams. 96 p:p,. $1.00. Cokesbury of Dallas, Texas. Press. NashvIlle. illustrations. H. H. F. .. * .. The Star in the East. C. Darby Ful- Sclrsi.ptu6are. Calendars for 1939. lB. and ton. 264 pp. Presbyterial). Com- Kemal Ataturk, President and each. Pickering & Inglis. mittee on Publication. founder of modern Turkey, died on November 10th at 58 years of age. The Victory Life. John Wilmot Ma- He is succeeded in the presidency by London and Glasgow. General Ismet Inonu, former Premier and sometimes called "the conscience These daily calendars combine hood. 120 pp. 35 cents. Zonder- of Ataturk." The late president was dates, Scripture texts, and com- van Pub. Co. Grand Rapids. regarded as a military genius who ments from well known Bible seized the reigns of power at the end teachers. The larger calendars What Has Christianity to Say? F. of the World War in 1918 and built a (with the comments from men R. Barry. $21.00. 190 pp. Harper dictatorship (nominally a republic) on like D. L. Moody, Horatius Bo- Bros. New York. the ruins of the Caliphate of Constan- tinople. The new president is expected The Way of Partnership in India. P. L. Garlick. Is. 86 pp. C. M. S. nar, F. B. Meyer, Arthur T. Pier- London. son, Campbell Morgan, Graham to continue constructive work in Tur- Scroggie, Hudson Taylor and Youth in the Toils. Leonard V. Har- key and to preserve friendship with others) are one shilling six pence rison and Pryor McNeill Grant. Great Britain and the Soviet Union. each; the others are one shilling. 167 pp. $1.50. Macmillan. New He is looked upon as an able soldier, York. a talented diplomat and a stern ruler.

There are also almanacs and di- Personal Items He was said to be responsible for aries that make very useful gifts abolishing the Moslem Caliphate, –especially to missionaries. closing religious schools and monas- teries, and forcing Turks to discard Dr. Hu Shih, the new Chinese am- the fez and wear hats. bassador at Washington, is the highest type of Chinese practical philosopher New Boole. and sage, with an American education. J)pmn~ He is not a professing Christian like. Central Africa Revisited. D. M. Mil- his predecessor Dr. C. T. Wang, but ler. 120 pp. 2s. Africa Inland is sympathetic with Christian ethics of tbe and ideals. Dr. Hu Shih is anti-mili- Mission. London. taristic and has been working for peace and unity in China, based on Cruickshank of Calabar. 6aA. lePxiacnkdeerr- literacy unity with a common national €btf~tfan Gammie. 110 pp. 2s. tongue, general education and agreeing & Inglis. London.

Five Times Ten. A Child's Story of ment in ideals. He uses politics to 1fft the Woman's Missionary Union. promote education, unity and liberty ell BOOK of worship in song, com- Myrtle Anderson Love. 64 pp. 25 based on it general recognition of the bining a hymnal for general cents. Broadman Press. Nashville. rights of man. He wrote in The Forum in 1927: church use, and a Song book for evan- Interpretative Statistical Survey of ~elistic purposes. Oilly songs sound the World Mission of the Chris- "The part played by the mission- tian Church. Edited by Joseph I. aries in the modernization of China In the faith and inspirational in char- Parker. 324 pp. $5.00. Interna- will long be remembered by the Chi- acter included—emphasizing Evan~e1- tional Missionary Council. New nese, even though no Christian church ism, Missions, and the Deeper Life. York. be left there. They were the pioneers of the new China. . . . They agitated against foot binding, which eight cen- Japanese Terror in China. H. J. Tim- turies of esoteric philosophizing in na- Many of the new—the best of the old. perley. 220 pp. 75 cents. Modern tive China had failed to recognize as Age Books. New York. an inhuman institution." 504 Songs Responsive Readings The Man by the Side of the Road. … … * Topical Index Gold Embossed Willard W. Bartlett. 62 pp. 50 cents. Albert Pub. Co. Westerville, George H. Theuer, a graduate of Published in round notes and Roxite cloth Ohio. Yale University Sheffield Scientific edition only at $65.00 per 100–an especially School and a member of the Evan- low price. Single copy, 8Sc postpaid.

Write toda, for returnable sample cop, Patches-Missionary Life in India as gelical Church, has been called to be CHRISTIAN PUBLICATIONS, Inc. Seen by a Dog. Loretta P. Root. associate secretary of the Student Illus. 98 pp. $1.00. Women's Mis- Volunteer Movement, 254 Fourth 1502 NORTH THIRD STREET sionary Society, Winona Lake, Ind. Avenue, New York. HARRISBUR.G, PA.

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The Missionary Review of the World — October 1935

1935

Latin Am.erica Nutnber The Latin American Lands Mary Wilhelmine Williams The Need for the Gospel Edward M. Haymaker Unevangelized Areas in Latin America John Ritchie The Indians South of the Rio Grande Joseph H. Davis Emerging Latin American Youth S. Franklin Mack Religious Education……Old and New Homer C. Stuntz Growth of Religious Liberty Charles S. Detweiler The Influence of the Printed Word H. C. Tucker A Living Church in Latin America Kenneth S. Grubb Cooperation and Unity Webster E. Browning Twice Born Latin Americans Various Authors 25 Cents a Copy $2.50 a Year

Notes Dates to

menever Rev. William Gunn, M.D., a Scot- September 27-0ctober 6-Interna- tish missionary who spent over half a tional Committee of International the Call comes from century in the New Hebrides, died at Missionary Council. Northfield, Sydney, Australia. Most of Dr. Mass. EAST OF SUEZ Gunn's life was spent on the island of Futuna, but his fame as a surgeon October 5-6-Loyalty Days. sail by and physician spread far beyond this island. He was well known in Aneit- October 15-20 – International Con- p&O yum and many other stations of the vention of the Disciples of Christ. John G. Paton Mission to the New San Antonio, Texas. To whatever part of the East the work Hebrides. of the Faith may take you ••• Cunard October 16, 17-American Mission to *** Lepers. Annual Meeting, New White Star and P & 0 combine to York. Tuesday – Medical Confer- Rev. W. Kendall Gale, L. M. S. ence, 156 Fifth Avenue. Evening make the way easy• You cross to pioneer in Madagascar, who died meeting at Madison Ave. Baptist England by the largest fleet on the June 7 after an operation, was prob- Church, Rev. and Mrs. R. C. Rich- Atlantic ••• then sail eastward on the ably the founder of more churches ardson of Miraj, India, will speak. new s.s. Strathnaver or s. s. Strathaird than any other missionary; he had TVednesday-All-day meeting at the or any other fast luxurious P&O liners. not far from 300 on his roll in the 27 Fifth Avenue Presbyterian Church Thus you use throughout the two years of his service. House. Speakers – Rev. J. Kelly Lines preferred by travelers since Unger of Korea; Dr. E. R. Kellers- *** berger ,of the Belgian Congo, and 1840 • • • on the Indian and Pacific Miss Alma Dodds of Tenghsien, Mrs. Thomas H. Candor, over 40 China. as well as the Atlantic oceans. Tra- years a Presbyterian missionary in ditions of seamanship and service that Colombia, South America, died at her October 22-Five Years' Meeting of have endured for nearly a century, home in Pasadena, Calif., July 30. the Friends. Richmond, Ind. are your assurance of a safe and Mrs. Candor was first appointed as a supremely comfortable voyage. missionary to the Seminole Indians, in October 28-November 1- Houston, 1879. Texas. Mrs. E. B. Mohle, 2309 PENINSULAR AND ORIENTAL Robinhood, Houston, Texas. AND *** BRITISH INDIA November 3-9-Christian Home Week. Tom Noonan, known to thousands STEAM NAVIGATION COMPANIES as the Bishop of Chinatown, New November 17-Men and Missions Sun- York City, died last August in a Long day. Topic: "Jesus Christ and the P & 0 liners sail regularly from London to Island Hospital gasping for air and World Today." For source material Egypt, Sudan and the Persian Gulf, to India, murmuring about "the brightest light write to the Laymen's Missionary Burma and Ceylon, to the Straits Settle- he ever saw." He was a man re- Movement, 19 S. La Salle St., Chiments, China and Japan, to Australia and deemed from a life of sin and who cago. New Zealand, East and South Africa, devoted himself to serving Jesus in Mauritius, etc. Convenient through book- the Rescue Society Mission. Tom November 28-Thanksgiving Day. ings at attractively low fares can be arranged Noonan was born, he said, "somewhere by your local travel agent or any office of . on the sidewalks of New York 57 December 7-Universal Bible Sunday. Cunard White Star Line. years ago." Mrs. Maud Ballington Booth was his friend and helped him December 28, 1935-January 1, 1936- up until he devoted his life forever Student Volunteer Convention. In- to the business of leading the under- dianapolis, Ind. world of Chinatown to Jesus. " If you use ** * PRINTING Dr. James M. Gray, until recently the president of Moody Bible Insti- Y OU will profit from an ac- tute, Chicago, and well-known as quaintanceship with us. We author and speaker on Biblical do the job complete in our own themes, died in Chicago, on Saturday, plant, whether it be large or September 21st. Dr. Gray was eighty- small. four years of age and for the past forty years has been connected with While our specialty is Books, the Moody Bible Institute. Dr. Gray Magazines and Pamphlets, yet is survived bv three sons. we have a variety of modern equipment to meet all the re- quirements of your particular job. You will find our service prompt, careful and courteous.

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MISSIONARY of South America," "The Lowland In- "To the Orient"

REVIEW OF THE WORLD dians of South America," and "South -in Chinese America-the Land of the Future." DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Editor GO DIRECT The Rev. S. Franklin Mack has just TO THE ORIENT VOL. LVIII OCT.,1935 No. 10 returned from visiting the mission stations of the Presbyterian Board in ONLY 10 DAYS TO YOKOHAMA .. . Publication and Business Office- Latin America. He traveled some fastest, shortest Pacific crossing .. . Third and Reily Sts., Harrisburg, Pa. 25,000 miles, 8,000 by air, and took by the sister-ships, Empress of hundreds of feet of film and many Asia or Empress of Russia. Or via Editorial and Executive Office- photographs to be used in making Honolulu in 3 days more on the 156 Fifth Avenue, New York City. known the work of the Board. Empress of Japan (mighty speed- Entered as second-class matter at queen of the Pacific) or the Em- The Rev. Chas. S. Detweiler, who press of Canada. Post Office, Harrisburg, Pa., under is superintendent of Baptist Missions LOW ALL·YEAR ROUND·TRIP Act of March 3, 1879. in Latin America, is well known to FARES . .. outstanding First Class, our readers as the author of many attractive Tourist Class. Low-cost 25 cents a copy-$2.50 a year. articles on Cuba, Puerto Rico, etc. Third Class on all "Empresses." Foreign Postage, 50 cents a year. Summer round-trip fares to the Published monthly, except August. The Rev. H. C. Tucker, D.D., re- Orient even lower. All rights reserved. Copyrighted 1935. tired this spring after forty-seven FREQUENT SAILINGS from Van- British agents – Marshall, Morgan years of service as agent of the couver (trains to ship-side) and and Scott, 12 Paternoster Buildings, American Bible Society in Brazil. Victoria. Orient fares include pas- London, E. C. 1 shilling per copy, His work brought him in touch with sage to and from Seattle. Orient 10 shillings a year. the general religious, educational and ports-of-call: Yokohama, Kobe, civic life of the people among whom Nagasaki, Shanghai, Hong Kong, MISSIONARY REVIEW PUB- he worked. His concern over sanitary Manila. LISHING CO., INC. and civic conditions led to activities oAlso .. •low-cost World Tours. which shared in the establishment of BO OKLETS from YOUR OWN AGENT BOARD OF DIRECTORS hospitals, children's playgrounds, or Canadian Pacific: New YQrk, ROBERT E. SPEER, President nurses' training and the curbing of Chicago, San Francisco, and 34 WM. I. CHAMBERLAIN, Vice-President yellow fever. other cities in the U. S. and Canada. WALTER McDOUGALL, Treasurer DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Secretary The Rev. Epaminondas M. Do Amaral is General Secretary of the SAMUEL MCCREA CAVERT Evangelical Federation of Brazil. MRS. ORRIN R. JUDD His article was translated into Eng- lish by the Rev. C. Godinho. WM. B. LIPPHARD The Rev. Hugh C. Stuntz, B.D., a ERIC M. NORTH son of Bishop Homer Stuntz of the JESSE R. WILSON Methodist Episcopal Church, has been engaged in religious educational work A. L. W ARNSHUIS in Latin America since 1920—{)rgan- izing Sunday schools in Chile, serving SA~1UEL M. ZWEMER as president of the Theological Semi- nary at Buenos Aires, and since 1934 Editorial Chat president of the American Institute at La Paz, Bolivia. m;" We were so richly blessed with Dr. Webster E. Browning, for many terial for the special number on Latin years a Presbyterian missionary, is America that all of it could not be representative of the Committee on Cocrowded into this number. Among the operation in Latin America, at Buenos articles that are held over and will Aires. He writes from wide and long appear in November are: experience on "Unity and Coopera- tion." He is the author of "The Re- "The CrlJcial Issue in Latin Amer- public o:t Ecuador," "New Days in ica," by John A. Mackay. Latin America," and a collaborator on several reports of surveys. "A Church on the Job in Mexico," by R. C. Morrow. *** "The Movement of the Spirit in "I used lots of your June issue in Mexico," by N. W. Taylor. my Methods periods and folks bought a number of copies of the magazine "Some Results of the Gospel," by for the suggestions in the Effective George A. Miller. Ways of Working Department and the special home mission articles. It's "Some Social and Religious Prob- a fine issue." lems," by Pedro Zottele. MRS. B. P. HEUBNER, Teacher of "William Bagby-Pioneer in Bra- Standard Mission Study Courses. zil," by Inabelle G. Coleman. *** *** "Mrs. Elaine Goodale Eastman, CONTRIBUTORS TO THIS ISSUE speaking of the article on 'Federal Favor for Fetishism,' has written to Prof. Mary W. Williams, in addi- several New England papers advising tion to her teaching experience and that it be read. Already the Springher special study of the past and pres- field Republican and another newsent history of Latin America, has vis- paper have printed her letters. Rev. ited the twenty countries at various G. E. E. Lindquist was much pleased times. Her book, "The People and with the article and will be circulating Politics of Latin America," is widely it as he goes about among the Inused as a textbook in many colleges. dians."

Rev. Edward M. Haymaker, D.D., [449 ] has spent nearly fifty years in Latin America, most of the time in Guatemala, as a missionary of the Presbyterian Church. In 1933 he was honorably retired but continues to live there and edits the mission papeF, Guatemala News.

Kenneth G. Grubb was formerly a missionary in South America. He has traveled extensively in all Latin America for the World Dominion Movement and has prepared many surveys published by the Movement, among them, "The Northern Republics

A WAYSIDE SHRINE ON THE STREETS OF CUZCO, PERU THE VIRGIN OF

DANCING BEFORE THE SHRINE OF THE VIRGIN OF COPACABANA ROMAN CATHOLIC WORSHIP IN LATIN AMERICA ORLD VOLUME LVIII AN INTERDENOMINATIONAL REVIEW OF WORLD-WIDE CHRISTIAN PROGRESS NUMBER 10 OCTOBER, 1935 Topies of the Times WHY SEND MISSIONARIES TO to certain ideals. No. The great and only suffi- LATIN AMERICA cient reason for Protestant miSSiions to Latin Americans is that of the 115,000,000 people living Out of 682,400,000 nominal Christians in the in those countries at least 50,000,000-a conservaworld, probably over 500,000,000 would say there tive estimate-have no saving knowledge of Christ is no need for such an enterprise as Protestant and His Gospel; this is according to the testimony missions in Latin America. A map of the world of their own people.' Note these facts: religions shows Mexico, Central America and most of South America as Roman Catholic. This 1. There are in Latin America at least 15,000,- Church accepts the Bible as the inspired Word of 000 Indians who are still practically pagans.

God, Jesus Christ as the Son of God and Saviour Many have been baptized as Catholics but with- of men through His death on the Cross, the Holy out any understanding of the Way of Life in Spirit as the divine guide and giver of power to Christ. They are as superstitious as before, even men. These doctrines of the Gospel are accepted though they may attend festivals and observe the by Roman Catholics even more generally than by ritual of the church. Hundreds of thousands of Protestants. Why then should we send Christian them live in the interior and have never come into missionaries to Latin Americans, at an expense contact with white people, much less with repre- of millions of dollars, in spite of the opposition of sentatives of Christ.

the Roman Catholic Church that has dominated 2. About one-fourth of the people of Latin Latin America for four hundred years? Is this America are atheists or agnostics. Their families effort justified? may be conne~ted with the church but they them- If so, it is certainly not for the same reason selves have given up all faith in God and prac- that Mussolini claims justification for sending his tically never attend religious services. They have military mission to Abyssinia – to extend the not been attracted by the kind of Christianity with borders of his kingdom, to give occupation to his which they have come into contact.

soldiers and to strengthen fascist morale. The 3. Even the members of the Roman Catholic Evangelical Christian Church is not merely seek- Church who are faithful in its observances and ing to extend its borders or increase its adherents. are loyal to the priests are, to a large extent, un- Nevertheless for one hundred years Protestant educated as to the teachings of the Bible and the missionaries have been going to the Latin Amer- Way of Life offered by Christ. They place the icans to preach the Gospel of Christ; they have Virgin Mary above Christ as an intercessor and sacrificially expended money and life; they have make their petitions almost exclusively to her and endured opposition, misrepresentation and perse- to numerous saints. They have been taught that cution; they have called together leaders in con- salvation is obtained through baptism into the ferences at Panama, Montevideo and Rio de Ja- Catholic Church and that good works are even neiro to plan for more effective advance. Why all more important than is faith in the finished work this expenditure of money, effort, life? of the Redeemer. Many of the priests who rep- The reason is not merely because large num- resent to them the authority of the Church are not bers of the people in those countries are back- worthy of respect. These uneducated church peo- ward, illiterate, or living in poverty; it is not be- pIe are more sinned against than sinning. They cause of the political unrest or failure to live up are religious but not Christian.

[451 ]

4. The results of Evangelical Christian work in: made up of what we try to sell them-automobiles, Latin America show its value. While the number typewriters, threshing machines? of those who have been baptized into Evangelical Church membership has not been large, the testi- Our missionaries are not impertinent intruders mony of Latin Americans show that they have in Latin American life. In the first place, most found new life in Christ through the Gospel. all the southern countries have invited the mis- There is abundant evidence that Evangelical mis- sionaries in a rather direct, semi-official way to sion work is owned of God. come. And missionaries have gone to live with the people, learn their language, study their life, These are sufficient reasons to convince loyal share their burdens and help solve their problems. Christians of the need for including millions of When you visit the missionary in Latin America Latin Americans in the number of those who still you find him living among friends. These regard need to be evangelized. The Gospel of Christ pre- him highly and appreciate deeply that here is one sents the true hope not only for eternal life but who represents the best in his own country and for development of character and for stabilizing with whom they can discuss those great spiritual governments and the reformation of society. questions which are the most important in life.

SHARING OUR BEST There are many other reasons for North Amer- ica sending missionaries to Latin America, but Fundamentally, for the same reasons that we those who are cognizant of all the evil influences send missionaries to the big cities or the far West exported to Southern America by this fair land of of the United States, or to China or to Africa- ours should be especially anxious to help share we want to share with Latin Americans the love of with them the best in our Christian religion. Christ which means so much to us. But, further, because of the other influences we send to Latin SAMUEL GUY INMAN. America. We have sent our marines. With machine guns and bombing planes our soldiers have ARE FOREIGN MISSIONS A LEADING hunted the "natives" and when off duty have ENTERPRISE? often engaged in the most repulsive orgies in dives and saloons. They have often suppressed The missionary spokesmen in some denominaliberties and ruthlessly wrested every measure of tions have been projecting their fallacies upon the democracy from the lands they have invaded. apparent assumption that the foreign missionary work of these denominations has reached its We have sent Latin America our bond sales- zenith and is henceforth to decline. Is this a men. These have combined with ruthless South valid assumption? Whether or not it is so in any American dictators to fasten great debts on the one denomination is a question which probably people, at times using direct bribes for the pur- the leaders of the missionary cause in that depose, and in many ways corrupting government nomination are best qualified to say. And time officials and setting up false standards of value. will inevitably bring its answer.

We have sent Latin America our munitions But if we have regard to the nature and misdealers, who have urged on the makers of war, pit- sion of Christianity in the world, to the need of ting one government against another in spending men and nations for the true Gospel of the Son of their small budgets in war materials with the false God and the Saviour of mankind, and to the prachope of winning in an armament race. Bribes tically untouched resources of some Christian comand deception have been the morals too often munions, the idea that the work of foreign mistaught by North American salesmen of munitions sions has reached its maximum development and in dealing with our southern neighbors. is henceforth to wane becomes intellectually and morally untenable. We have sent Latin America thousands of reels of moving pictures which exalt gangsters, lewd It is, indeed, possible, if not also desirable and women, deceit and murder. Not a city in all these inevitable, that some of the forms and methods of southern countries where children and adults alike the missionary enterprise should change, but unare not having their ,characters shaped by the til in every land agencies are brought into being motion pictures sent from the United States. which can rightly be expected to take over the whole task of national evangelization, the duty of We have sent them our night club hostesses, the Christian churches of other lands to share in jazz-bands and ballet dancers, our shady show- the task is not open to evasion or avoidance. men, shysters and bathing beauties, and a terrible lot of pornographic literature. There may be bodies of Christians who think that their share in the task is done. They will Do we want our southern neighbors to think have to answer themselves to the Head of the that the above represent our country? Are we church for their judgment. And it is clear enough willing to have them believe even that our life is that in some lands some forms of work are no

TOPICS OF THE TIMES

longer possible. But in not one of the countries to fascism at home in the heat of patriotic mili- in which the foreign missionary work has been tary fervor, and insuring a further term of per- done in the past is the task accomplished, while sonal dictatorship.

in some of them new need has become manifest Sixth, it is almost ideally situated to complete and in other lands Christianity has been set back a powerful Italian empire in Mediterranean in ways that demand a resolute purpose of re- Africa, thus at one stroke giving Italy a voice in covery. Africa comparable to that of France and Britain, If the missionary enterprise is now to recede it a strength in the Mediterranean rivalling Britain, will not be because of diminished need, or of the and a threat at Suez and the Red Sea-Britain's accomplishment of the work, or of the discovery vitally important and jealously guarded route to of defect or inadequacy in Christianity, but it will India.

be as the result of waning faith or of relaxed One need not be unduly cynical about Britain's grasp of the essential nature of the Gospel or of a strong protective protests thus far in Ethiopia's relaxed will of sacrifice and devotion, and such behalf, to suggest that the tap root of British in- recession can be only temporary. It will be suc- terest in the whole matter is to be found in this ceeded in due time by a recovery of faith and a sixth and last enumeration of things which make fresh outburst of the Christian purpose to make Ethiopia so expensively important to Italy.

Christ Lord of all. ROBERT E. SPEER. The threat which has now come to the entire peace of the world should reinforce the prayers THE ITALO-ETHIOPIAN SITUATION and the determination of Christians everywhere From the European point of view, there is in- that Ethiopia shall not be wiped out, but that she volved in what has come to be called the Italo- Ethiopian situation enormously more than the may have continued opportunity and increased mere fate of Ethiopia. Otherwise there certainly would not have been much more effective effort aid in developing her own culture and solving her at Geneva and elsewhere during the past few weeks than there was when the Japanese con- own numerous internal problems. quest of Manchuria was being prepared and effected. She has welcomed the Protestant missionary Various elements in Ethiopia's importance to work which in recent years is being so splendidly Italy and the rest of the world may be stated as follows: done within her borders. The Emperor has First, Ethiopia is a rich country both as to soil evinced utmost confidence in the missionary leadand subsoil. Platinum, gold, copper, coal, sul- ers devoting themselves to his people. The churches of America have a heavy responsibility toward this oldest Christian nation which stretches forth at this time its hands in what is probably the most critical hour of its long and eventful history. EMORY Ross.

phur, iron and other rich minerals are known to A CHALLENGE TO FOREIGN be there. Its plateaux of 6,000 and 8,000 feet are MISSIONARIES! well watered, fertile, capable of multiplied pro- duction of cotton, wheat, rubber, wax, coffee, to- A generation ago foreign missionaries were sent bacco, oil. Cattle thrive. It is a rich country. forth from America through the great evangelistic Second it is sparsely populated and has large faith of the Protestant churches. Convinced areas open and suitable for European coloniza- Christians took up with enthusiasm their re1Pon- tion, an outlet Italy's expanding population sorely sibilities of making Christ known in all parts of needs. the world. Today the missionary movement is Third, it controls the waters of the Blue Nile, able to continue only through the sustained efforts necessary for Britain's cotton-growing expansion of sincere evangelistic Christians. To in<;rease in the Nile Valley, and therefore is an invaluable their number, especially among the younger gen- trading pawn for Italy to use in getting conces- eration who must take the place of the missionary- sions out of Britain in other territorial or political minded men and women of yesterday, is the fundaspheres. mental requirement for a forward movement in Fourth, because of the still-rankling 1896 de- missions. Missionary methods are important but feat at Adowa, it is a splendid scene for a dra- an evangelistic dynamic is essential.

matic Italian victory-at-arms. The churches in America have suffered a severe Fifth, it was doubtless conceived by Mussolini attack from behind their lines. The skepticism to be about the least dangerous ground in the of modern philosophers, novelists, and critics has world on which to stage a slashing return to the poisoned the springs of public opinion until to- old days of a conquering Roman empire, thus day many former church people are losing sight achieving unity by action, burning up opposition of the significance of Jesus Christ for themselves

and for humanity. Life has lost its meaning and human hearts to transform lives and to prepare Christianity is understood only as a social tradi- men for service. These last factors are too often tion and not as a living dynamic power in per- overlooked or minimized by travelers who seek sonal and social life. Foreign missionaries have to appraise missionary work. A mission cannot been trained to confront non-Christian religions be judged by its denominational affiliation, its inwith the vital message of Christ. From their ex- dependent character or even by its ideals and perience they can tell of what Christ means and claims. No better standard of judgment has been does in the life of individuals, in the home, in so- discovered than that indicated by Christ: "By ciety, and in the nation. Have they not a great their fruits ye shall know them." contribution to make in confronting the non-Christian forces at home and the churches themselves Many stations in mission fields are worthy of with this same great message? study as spiritual power houses. One is described by the Rev. Kirkland West-the Weihsien Station, The furloughed missionary has a great oppor- Shantung Province, China. In brief he outlines tunity to bring a message to the Church at home. the work as follows: The Church needs cheering and aid in resisting the attack from behind its lines at home. Dr. E. "Weihsien Mission Station is located about two Stanley Jones has shown us what a wide response miles from the city and is a little village by itself awaits such a message. The vitality of the Church which we call the mission compound, all the propis measured now as it always has been in the past erty being enclosed by a wall. The community by its missionary zeal. So is it not the great op- of people includes some five hundred students in portunity of foreign missionaries today, not the primary and high school with the teachers merely to seek support for some specific piece of and their families; some fifty Chinese nurses, work, but to demonstrate the power and meaning student nurses, doctors, laundrymen, cooks and of their message and arouse the Church in Amer- coolies who look after fifty or sixty patients in ica to a renewed evangelistic purpose? In thus the hospital and clinic; fifty young women who strengthening and clarifying the Church's vision study to learn how to carry the Gospel to country of Christ the foreign missionary would also dem- women; three Chinese pastors who look after onstrate the universality of the Christian message spiritual needs in the station and in surrounding and the world need for it. America needs its for- country districts; thirteen American missioneign missionaries. Will the furloughed mission- aries with their children. aries meet the challenge? A. L. WARNSHUIS. "We at Weihsien are working together as a A MISSION STATION AS A POWER HOUSE Gospel team. Our daily routine carries us into various departments of work, and we meet to- Many visitors to mission fields are impressed gether each noon day to pray for one another's chiefly by the material equipment – that which problems, and remember that we are all engaged represents money and physical labor-the schools, in God's work-which is one." hospitals, church buildings, bookshops, missionary residences and industrial shops, if any. There are many other missions of outstanding These are important but they may mean anything character as "power stations" – such as Pyengor nothing from a Christian missionary point of yang, Korea; Meshed, Persia; Maimyo, Burma; view. Dohnavur, India; Hillah, Iraq; Kwato, Papua; Camaroun, West Africa. In every mission field Much more important is the personnel-the mis- these "power stations" are characterized first of sionaries, evangelists, teachers, doctors, nurses, all by loyalty to Christ, as Saviour and Lord, and and other workers. Their number and intellectual to the Word of God; second by believing prayer training are of secondary importance to their as the chief means of solving all problems, healspiritual life, power and purpose but unless there ing the sick (physically and spiritually), casting is a third factor they are useless as missionaries. out demons, winning souls, receiving guidance, This factor consists of the people among whom overcoming opposition and obtaining support for and for whom the missionaries work-the pupils, the work. Every station and every mission home patients, families, visitors, students in training, may be a "power house" where spiritual contacts pastors, Bible women and the Christian constit- are kept alive and where power is received, transuency. Here is the visible evidence of efficiency. formed and passed on to give warmth, light and But other factors even more essential to success energy to all the workers, for all the work of God, are the spiritual forces that are discernable only in all departments. But the opportunities for to spiritual eyes-the faith, prayer-life; spirit of "power houses" are not confined to the mission love and the power that show God working in field. Is the Christian family, the church, the business office, the mission board with which you are connected at home a spiritual power house?

r-rhe Latin American

By DR. MARY WILHELMINE WILLIAMS, II~'- Baltimore, Md.

Professor of History in Goucher College; Author of "The People and Politics of Latin America"

,~==============================~ THE region called Latin America, lying. be- bows of butterflies which play in the warm golden tween the Rio Grande and Cape Horn, covers sunshine. about nine million square miles, an area approximately three times that of the United States Most of the twenty Latin American countries of America. Its widely diversified climate includes lie under the direct rays of the sun. Only little Arctic cold on the lofty peaks of the Andes, Uruguay is wholly outside of the tropics; but scorching heat in the deserts of northeastern Chile and Argentina are largely in the south tem- Brazil, steaming humidity along tropical coasts, perate zone. From these three lands of April and on the high table-lands within the torrid zone autumns are sent many commodities similar to a reign of perpetual springtime, where flowers of those from the United States. Argentina and the temperate zones flourish side by side with Uruguay export cattle, hides, and meats-frozen, blossoms indigenous to sunnier regions. canned, and dried, and in the form of extracts. The Argentine has likewise a surplus of wheat In the warmer belts the poinsettia becomes a and flax. Chile sends out fruits of various kinds, tall, stately shrub, which may be seen on the up- and nitrates-in abundance. The highlands of lands of Guatemala in August, crowned with southern Brazil, and also Colombia and various flaming scarlet whorls almost as large as dinner Central American states sell coffee to the outside plates. The tropics offer hundreds of varieties world. Ecuador's most important crop is cacoa, of palms which produce everything from cabbage but, like many of the other tropical states, it proand cocoanuts to the raw materials for shirt but- duces vegetable ivory from the tagua nut. Peru tons and Panama hats. But the lover of arboreal is noted for copper; Bolivia for tin; Colombia beauty is mo~e attracted by the majestic ceiba, or for emeralds; Mexico for silver. From Mexico silk cotton tree, which, with its straight, silvery and Brazil come likewise a distracting variety of trunk bearing a vast umbrella of branches, towers semi-precious stones. The countries of the Cariblike a guardian giant above the other leafy in- bean export cocoanuts, bananas, and other tr@ihabitants of the jungle. In the more temperate cal fruits. The jungles of Brazil and of many of climes of southern Brazil and Paraguay one soon its neighbors supply dyestuffs and some of the comes to count also as a friend the lofty arau- finest cabinet woods as well. Formerly, all of caria pine tree. Its dark, peculiarly horizontal these countries brought back in their ships carbranches, which appear jet black against the goes of manufactured goods; but the World War bright southern skies, suggest gigantic candel- stimulated industrialization in many republics of abra. Unlike the gregarious pine, down in the Latin America, which are now far more nearly Argentine, is the ombit, an isolationist, whose self-sustaining than they were twenty-five years great curved mass looms on the horizon of the ago. This is especially true of Brazil, which manpampa like a lone sail on a vast ocean. ufactures sheer cotton cloth as well as fine furni- ture, and turns out products of metal ranging In the Latin American animal world one will from paper clips to motor cars. probably be less interested in the quadrupeds,- even in the herds of timid, silky-coated vicunas Before the Day of Columbus which in Peru flee over the hills at the approach of the train-than in the winged creatures. The Yet, in some ways these lands, now called flocks of free, shining green parrots in the Plata "Latin," are not quite up to the cultural standards basin remind one of the Emancipation Pro:::lama- found there many centuries before Christopher tion. The rose-colored and white flamingoes on Columbus sailed westward to seek Cathay. It Lake Titicaca are a fascinating surprise, for they was in the part of the New World to the southseem to belong in Africa. The tropical humm;ng east of the Rio Grande that the highest aboriginal birds, living, darting clusters of jewels, are an lln- development, material and intellectual, took place. failing delight, as are likewise the flickering rai!'!- As much as a thousand years ago the peoples of [455 ]

the coast of Peru were doing unsurpassed work population revolted in behalf of liberte, egalite, in textiles, weaving the silky hair of the alpaca fraternite, and drove out the whites, and on Januinto fabrics of exquisitely-colored designs. The ary 1, 1804, established the second independent Incas, who rose later into prominence, were the nation in modern America. ablest stonecutters that the world has seen. Furthermore, they developed a system of paternalistic Political Revolutions socialism wherein the strong labored for the weak and wherein no one suffered want. But it was Brazil was originally a possession of Portugal the Mayas of the present western Central Amer- and, like other European colonies, was adminisica and eastern Mexico who reached the highest tered in the interest of the producers and mercultural point. Not only were they able builders chants of the mother country, until 1808. In in stone, and artists in form and color, but they that year the Portuguese royal family and court, had also gained much astronomical lore,had de- fleeing from the armies of Napoleon Bonaparte, veloped a system of numeration based upon the arrived in Rio de Janeiro. After a few years the zero principle, and had evolved a calendar more vast colony was raised to the status of a joint accurate than that possessed by Europe at the kingdom with Portugal. But in 1821 King J oao time of the Spanish conquest of the Maya lands. VI returned to Lisbon, and the Brazilians, finding their liberties in peril, set uP an independent em- 50:111 A~1ERIC." pire under J oao's son, who became Dom Pedro I of Brazil. Monarchical government persisted in IJH..Ot:)'~ ………;.. the former Portuguese colony until 1889, when a military faction drove into exile the g·reat and 1OU._..a.- good Dom Pedro II and set up a federal republic.

-,.., '1:116 Political change came last of all to the part of America called the "Spanish Indies." The revolts _ »1"61,D"6J4:I which began in 1810 against Napoleon Bona- parte's domination of the mother country were _…. '" _64101211 soon converted into a struggle for complete inde- .1_"'~~ pendence. A liberal uprising in Mexico under a Roman Catholic priest, Miguel Hidalgo y Cos- The Spaniards were, indeed, the original white tilla, who had more than once been summoned by rulers of the area at present included in nineteen the Inquistion, was crushed and its leader was of the Latin American countries: Mexico, Guate- shot. The same fate befell his successor. But in mala, Salvador, Nicaragua, Honduras, Costa 1821 a conservative revolt in Mexico against tem- Rica, Panama, Cuba, Santo Domingo, Haiti, Co- porary liberalism in Spain was victorious, and its lombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Chile, ambitious leader, Iturbide, was crowned Emperor Argentina, Urguay, and Paraguay. Haiti, how- Augustin I. He was quickly overthrown, however, is now Franco-African in culture; for in ever, and since then nominal republicanism has the seventeenth century it came under control of prevailed in Mexico, except for the brief empire Louis XIV. In the period of the French Revolu- of Maximilian in the 1860's. tion the numerically predominant Negro slave Central America was freed from Spain partly through the aid of Augustin's soldiers, and started its sovereign career as the United Provinces of Central America; but these fell apart in the 1830's. The present Santo Domingo broke away from Spanish control at about the same time, only to be conquered and ruled oppressively by Haiti for more than twenty years.

Northern South America was freed under the leadership of the Venezuelan creole, Sim6n Boli- var, and the southern part of the continent by troops commanded by the Argentine, Jose San Martin. By 1825 all of the American colonies of Spain were lost to her, except Puerto Rico and. Cuba, which remained under her rule until 1898. All became unstable republics.

The Mixed Multitudes Though various of the colonies cooperated to win independence, soon afterwards they fell

THE LATIN AMERICAN LANDS

apart, and since then they have been united only more than two millions; and Cuba somewhat less by common speech, tradition, and religion. As than four millions. Haiti, with an area a little time has passed, climate, immigration, and other larger than Massachusetts, claims to have a popu- factors have tended to add to the original differ- lation of more than two millions; whereas Santo ences insured by variation in aboriginal popula- Domingo, with almost twice the area, has only tions. In Argentina, Chile, and Uruguay, the in- about half that number of people. Mexico, seven digenous inhabitants were scattered and back- times the size of Italy, has but seventeen million ward and the climate was attractive to Europeans. inhabitants. Bolivia and Peru could each contain Therefore, great streams of immigrants from two states the size of Texas, and yet Peru, the across the Atlantic have made these lands pre- most populous country of northwestern South dominantly white in population. Most of the America, has only about six million inhabitants.

other Spanish-American nations are, like Mexico Uruguay, the smallest South American country, and Guatemala, largely aboriginal, or have a is about as large as North Dakota and has a popu- strong indigenous strain. Along the coasts of lation of almost two millions. Chile, so slender many of the tropical countries there is a mixture as to be called a "populated splinter," is, never- of Negro blood. Santo Domingo is perhaps more the less, twice the area of California, and has Negro than Indian in composition; but there is about 4,500,000 inhabitants. Argentina, nearly a considerable infusion of white blood. Haiti is two-thirds as large as the United States of Amer- predominantly Negro; it is the "Black Republic." ica, has one-tenth as many people; and Brazil, Brazil is especially notable as an ethnic mixing which exceeds the United states of America in bowl, a melting pot. In the depths of the Amazon area, has about forty-five million inhabitants.

basin the inhabitants are still largely aborigines, Their small populations and unsound finances, and along the coast, especially in the north, Negro combined with political turbulence resulting from blood, from the former slave population, domi- inexperience in self-government, made the Latin nates; but dozens of lands besides Africa and American countries, first, the prey of the "mani- mother Portugal have contributed to the inhabi- fest destiny" emotion of the United States and, tants. The German influence in the state of Rio later, the victims of its imperialistic policy.

Grande do SuI is marked. A sprinkling of Scan- Mexico lost half of her territory to her northern dinavians has settled in the pine forests further neighbor. President Theodore Roosevelt "took"

north. The Latin countries of southern Europe the Isthmus of Panama from Colombia. Cuba's have supplied the majority of the immigrants, independence was impaired by the Platt Amend~ recently, with Italians in the lead. From western ment. Vera Cruz, Mexico, was bombarded and Asia have come Syrian pack pedlars, and from occupied by American armies, under orders from Japan more than a hundred thousand little brown President Wilson. In rapid succession, Nica- folk, most of whom are expert and thrifty farmers. ragua, Haiti, and Santo Domingo were occupied These twenty countries which straggle towards by American marines, who remained for from the southeast from the Rio Grande to Cape Horn eight to twenty years. The "Yankee peril" was have an area, as already remarked, equal to three a grim reality in Latin America.

times that of the United States of America. Their About ten years ago the tide of imperialism total population, estimated at about 115,000,000, began to turn, largely in response to American is sparse in proportion, since it falls short by public opinion. Cordial relations now exist with some millions of that of their Anglo-American Mexico; the Platt Amendment has been abro- neighbor. A glance at the statistics for indi- gated; and· no American marines now march in vidual lands may be helpful. Most of the countries will seem surprisingly large in extent. EI Latin lands. By specific pledges given at the Salvador, the tiniest, covers more than seven thousand square miles and would make three states Montevideo Conference in 1934, the present adthe size of Delaware, with a large territorial remnant to spare; but its population is only about ministration is committed to the "good neighbor" a million and a half. Costa Rica, though having more than three times the area of EI Salvador, policy. . has only a third as many inhabitants, or about five hundred thousand. Panama, with a somewhat How can North Americans help make this pol- icy permanent and comprehensive? By trying to understand Latin America, through studying its history and literature, manners and customs. Also, by refraining from trying to transform larger area than Costa Rica, has a slightly smaller their neighbors into Anglo-Americans; for the population. Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, two peoples are fundamentally different. Gracias and Cuba are each about the size of Pennsylvania; aDios! Let us rej oice in the otherness of others!

but Nicaragua has only 750,000 inhabitants; Let us be glad for the persistent, stimulating va- Honduras about 850,000; and Guatemala slightly riety which characterizes the human family!

LIFE IN THE STREETS OF PAYTA

@ BrolDll GfI4 Daws03 AN I N DIAN MARKET IN PEHU OPPORTUNITIES FOR THE GOSPEL IN SOUTH AMERICA

Need For the

By REV. EDWARD M. HAYMAKER, D.D., _•..g{ Guatemala City Missionary Emeritus of the Presbyterian Church, U. S. A.

"THE Gospel for Latin-America? Why, they hot plate does not wriggle from racial tempera- have it," says the Roman priest; "these ment. When we reflect on the universal struggle are Catholic countries; we look after in all these countries between civic and religious them." authority; on the abnormal proportion of the "They have it," said a prominent American bus- population buried in the suffocating fog of ignor- iness man fifty-one years ago. "Every nation and ance and illiteracy; on the almost universal per- race already has by natural selection the religion dition of the true family ideal; on the high per- that fits it." centage of murder; on the paralyzing, degenera- "They have it," said Andrew Carnegie; "why tive and destructive forms their superstition takes disturb the nations with our religion?" . . . one is forced to exclaim, "They do need "They have it," say many who are nonsympa- something different, and they need it badly."

thetic with the whole idea of foreign missions. Diagnosis – What Is Wrong? "They have their religion, they are contented, let them alone." The doctor is right; diagnosis, then cure. Any But all these are the opinions of foreigners, of one familiar with Latin America knows they are alien interests, of nonresidents. They think from a religious people; that the all-absorbing element outside. What do the Latin Americans them- of their life, infinitely more important to them selves say? than business, politics, learning, society or any- President Rufino Barrios, one of the greatest thing else, has been their Church. The Church statesmen of Latin America, thought they needed has permeated all life insinuating its formative something else, and, though a good Catholic, influences on activities, language, educational brought down the first Protestant missionary and ideals, thought and instinct. If we seek the roots helped him establish a mission. of the major evils they suffer, we are sure to find Antonio Lazo Arriaga, a staunch Latin Amer- them in their religious life, not elsewhere. If we ican Catholic, and diplomatic representative in wish to discover what gospel they need, we must Washington for many years, when told of the study thoroughly, dispassionately, sympathetical- arrival of a Protestant missionary, spoke to him ly this religious life, with a cool careful tracing of and said, "I am glad you have come! My country their troubles to their causes in such a way that needs you, and especially my religion needs yours any liberal Catholic could and would accompany badly." us hand in hand.

Dr. Lorenzo Montufar, Latin American Cath- The writer does not belong to that number who olic, historian of international fame, statesman find no good at all in Catholics, their organization of the first order, said, "We need Protestantism or methods. Many of our best friends are Catho- here !" lics, some of them priests. That Church is a The enlightened liberal Catholics all over Latin marvel of organization and adaptation to its pur- America say, "We need something," and they poses. The self-sacrificing devotion of many of have felt the need so keenly that they have carried its missionaries and priests can well put to shame out the liberal revolution in every country south not a few Protestant missionaries, by their denial of the Rio Grande in order to clear the way and of self-comforts and training in hardship to "in- get what they need. carnate" with those they are trying to reach.

We flippantly interpret their revolutions as an "Besides innumerable trials, hardships, tortures expression of an innate racial spirit of insubordi- and sufferings, no less than 99 Catholic mission- nation, forgetting that their religious training aries lost their lives trying to establish their re- has made them the most obedient people in the ligion among the Indians of the United States"* world. It is not insubordination, but simply that We know of no more intense training in loyalty their conditions are insupportable. A worm on a • Cath. Encyclopedia. under Missions.

[459 ]

than that of the Catholic Church. Now these are olicity of those enfolded in the love of Christ; the good traits, and any gospel sent to Latin America padre who claims to be '"God on earth" for the should conserve them without loss. Spirit's comforting inspiration. The visible hab- it is cultivated, the invisible habit suppressed. It But along with its merits, this organization, is hard to realize, without years of observation, like all others, has certain fundamental defects to the extent to which this psychological vice can which many evils can unerringly be traced. Here queer and stupefy all the life of a people. are a few:- 4. A frightful popular immorality has resulted. 1. The union of Church and State, the Church A shrewd lie is an attainment, not a disgrace and rclaiming to control the State as the soul the body, sin; assassination is a natural and justifiable con- (Encyclical of Leo XIII), has always in the end sequence instead of a crime, hence when angry made trouble, and is primarily responsible for the you fight with daggers, machetes or revolvers to revolutionary conditions of all Latin America to- kill, not with fists to humiliate; dishonesty does day. It is neither fiction nor accident but clear not take the form of scientific burglary, but of retiology, that Latin American politics always has shameless graft and generalized sneak-thievery; the religious struggle at the center, the visible the Christian family is almost a "total loss"; phases of it ranging from the Inquisition to athe- commercial life is not honest enterprize, but trick- istic communism. ery that paralyzes true business like an anesthet- ic; appeals to chance have been cultivated clear 2. The spirit of hierarchy distorts and colors up to universality and until the idea reigns that all life and impresses its abnormal artificiality on life itself is but a huge gamble. We describe the society, government, education, morals-every- popular conception. thing. Above the masses the hierarchy rises from the wife of the village sexton when her husband The damning feature of all this is not the is away with the priest, all the way to the throne statistics, but the fact that the situation is ac- of God, and for inveterate Catholics, beyond that cepted as natural and normal by everyone, except to the throne of the Holy Virgin, and from the a few careful thinkers, and society and the Church bottom to the top it is a system of political "pull" have settled into a lethargic condition that auto- rather than either justice or a square deal. matically trains the masses into this state of mind. Were this but a matter of dogma it could be overlooked; but the trouble is, it permeates all 5. The commercialization of religion has oc- life with a spirit of favoritism, partiality, gam- curred in spite of Christ's command (Mat. 10: 8) . . bling, injustice and hopelessness. The common The priesthood is entered like farming or law, as comeback to any exhortation to morality is, "I'm a mere calling in which to make a living, or if no saint!" as who say, "How can you expect a shrewd, a fortune. Sin is actually capitalized in poor devil like me to act as if I were one of the the same sense that war and liquor are capital- canonized away up yonder?" This is a dangerous ized in our more civilized (sic!) land: the more popular attitude that stratifies society, kills moral war, the more profits in arms, munitions, steel and spiritual initiative and generates popular and ship building; the more drunkenness, the despair, just as the spirit of the Pharisees did in more profits for liquor manufacturers and deal- the time of Christ. ers; the more narcotization, the more tobacco profits; the more sin, the more money for the 3. The spirit of dramatism prevails. By this priest in commutation of penances, priestward we mean an exaggerated emphasis on appearance windfalls, poverty and transferable alms, and as the thing that counts and the eclipse of reality. above all masses to get grandma out of purgatory. This comes from making religion a show rather It is the identically same thing it was long before than a life. In education this takes the form of Judas Iscariot sold innocence, principle, charac- ostentation instead of learning; in politics, of ter, mercy and charity into crucifixion for 30 graft and dictatorships instead of public weal; pieces of silver. It is this quasi holy and unreal- in science, of technical loquacity instead of accom- ized capitalization of sin that causes the accumu- plishment; in commerce, what you can sell, not lation of ecclesiastical wealth in every Catholic what will give satisfaction; in society, display not land, with enormous mort-main holdings by the character. Church till the. proportion becomes so oppressive and impossible that explosion ensues; directed by' All this is mothered naturally and necessarily the Catholics themselves in a liberal revolution. by the spectacular religious teaching that concen- trates not on the unseen God, but on visible im- We must tell the truth to the doctor, and he ages; that elevates the visible Host in place of must receive and weigh it professionally. We the "remembered" sacrifice offered "once for all" ; Protestants study Catholicism sometimes with substitutes the visible, infallible Pope for the our bristles up. CathoUcs and even their clergy risen, invisible Companion and Guide; the intol- erant visible church for the all-embracing cath-

THE NEED FOR THE GOSPEL

are not half as bad people as we too easily assume. en the public conscience out of its lethargy and These mistakes have' been grown into uncon- lead it to strive for the invisible ideals; that will sciously through generations and often with the offer the fullest wealth of heaven to the most best of intentions, by admitting mistaken prin- , wretched sinner on earth, when, repentant, he ciples into the Church. They were all simple comes stumbling back to the Father; a gospel enough and innocent looking in their beginnings, that will begin where Christ himself placed the but now that we can trace their growth and real- foundation stone of His work, "Verily, verily, I ize their consequences, only the fanatical can com- say unto thee, except a man be born again, he mend them. If only we could penetrate the immo- cannot see the kingdom of God."

bility of Rome, and once get that great Church This is a large order. I know of but one to admit the correction of a few mistaken prin- Gospel that will fill the bill . . . it is the one ciples the reunion of Christendom on apostolic clearly revealed to every sincere reader in the lines could be guaranteed. pages of the Evangelists, and this is true whether The Gospel Oure we study doctrine, methods, plan or approach. I repeat, the Saviour of the world knew men and What gospel? Some recommend a sympto- their needs better than we.

matic treatment: "Give them culture, modern life, science, better living conditions, education; suppress the evangelistic element for the nonce OONFESSIONS FROM OHILE and concentrate on civics."

A few say, "Give them the gospel of industry; "I believe that one explanation of our lack of teach them to work." progress (in Evangelical missions) is to be found Some who have been reared in a super-emo- in low moral values. Some of our members have tional religion are trying to meet the demand by lost moral standing in the community, and others a kind of holy-rollerism. have left for the same reason. There are very Some recommend a "better Catholicism," for- few who work to bring others to a knowledge of getting that that church refuses to admit any Christ. . . . We produce good administrators, better or worse, they are one; and forgetting that but poor propagandists. . . . Another explana- even the best, as we see them, tenaciously retain tion is to be found in the fact that our ministers the same basic causes that have made the trouble are in many ways deficient. This is due to the for the worst. old system according to which it was believed Each of these gospels has some good results that a shoemaker or any other workman could be and all are better than what is, though in cor- taken, and, with but little preparation, turned into recting some evils, they are liable to plant others. a preacher. We now recognize the enormity of But those who have studied the conditions most that error…. The Church has lowered its stand- profoundly realize that no method of approach ing as to quality. . . . Those who attend the serv- or body of teaching that has yet been proposed is ices are simple people, of the lower classes, and any improvement on the simple plan of Christ, of but scant education. Those who are more in- who knew human needs and the human heart tellectual have left the Church because they found better than the most erudite investigator of today nothing in the sermons to satisfy their intellec- possibly can. Our concept of foreign mission tual craving…. It is not Christ who is preached, work used to be that of a kind of theological foot- but much emphasis is laid on sin. This is good ball game in which we entered as players with for new people, but the older members need some- practically certain confidence in our superior thing more substantial-real spiritual milk.

science and strength. But the years have with- "I believe that the Evangelical Church ought to ered that idea of our call to Catholic lands. What broaden its sphere of action, undertaking to do is needed is to carry into realization the unspeak- something for the cultured classes. There are able solicitude and gentle, loving persuasion and elements among those classes which respond to sacrifice of the Master as He went about capti- an intelligent presentation of the Gospel. The vating the multitudes with his irresistible per- present evangelical workers are not prepared to sonality and his self-denying example. undertake this advance. In order to secure men Latin Americans need a Gospel that separates for such work, we should select a few of the most Church and State; that is democratic instead of capable, give them a full course of study here, imperialistic; that will emphasize reality and and then send them to Buenos Aires or Montevideo forget appearances; that will bring the joy of for further preparation. By doing this we would redemption to replace the cankering doubts of a soon see a decided advance of our work among the false humility; that will cut up sin by the roots cultured classes." – From "The West Coast Re- and plant the germ of a holy life; that will awak- publics of South America."

Unevangelized Areas of Latin

-e£1 By JOHN RITCHIE, Lima, Peru I Agent of the Scottish Bible Society For the purposes of this article, an evangelized area- dice; it is widened by racial tradition, nationalgeographical or social-is one in which there is an ade- ism, and social considerations and culture. quate witness to the community in general, to the good news of Christ as Saviour and Lord. The evangelized In these circumstances, a map of Latin America, area, therefore, is not coterminous with the "occupied" spotted out to show the places occupied by Chrisarea. tian workers, would convey an unduly favorable impression of the extent of the evangelized area. T HE past thirty years have seen a great ex- On the other hand, there are sections in which tension of the missionary occupation of Latin Gospel literature has been circulated extensively, America, so that now the populous cities in systematically and over a prolonged period, carrymost of the republics are occupied. There remain ing a presentation of the Gospel suited to a large great rural areas, with numbers of not unimpor- proportion of the literate population. And there tant country towns, still awaiting the coming of are now considerable regions in which the radio the evangelist. But to spot out on a map the listeners are being reached through this medium places where there is some evangelical witness, with the Gospel. In these ways the witness has would not convey a true impression of the extent reached regions where there is no resident worker.

of the evangelized area. There are places which Again, the Bible Society colporteurs go far and have had a resident missionary for years which wide over the unevangelized territory, selling are yet not evangelized, because the only persons thousands of portions of Holy Scripture every reached with the Gospel message are the few who year. From time to time there come to light cases have had the curiosity or the courage to attend of inddviduals, families, and even of more numer- the Protestant preaching hall. ous groups, sometimes in the most out-of-the-way Many missionaries acquire the language slowly places, who are rejoicing in the knowledge of the and imperfectly. During this preparation they Gospel and seeking to follow our Lord, as a result become accustomed to a certain remoteness from of this work. Thus the impression conveyed by the people. Many are conscious of a gulf between the spotted map would be unduly unfavorable in their own cultural preparation and that of the some regions. educated persons in the community. Some are inhibited by sheer poverty from attempting to Surveying the Missionary Map cultivate any social relations. For such reasons In reviewdng the missionary map it should be many foreign missionaries never establish con- borne in mind that there are extensive regions tact with any cirCle of natives other than that which are all but uninhabited. The deserts along which includes the evangelical meeting place in its the Pacific coast are inhabited only in occasional orbit. On the other hand, it is also true, that valleys or in isolated nitrate and mining camps.

there are Christian workers, especially in institu- The cordilleras of the Andes are in some parts un- tional enterprises, who enter into useful contacts inhabitable, while in others much of the populawith the natives on the level of human interests, tion is found at elevations which make life diffibut who fail to develop these contacts for any cult for a lowlander. The average period of residefinite evangelistic purpose. dence in such places is difficult to equate with the time required to learn a very difficult Indian lan- Moreover, it is generally true in Latin America, though there are exceptions, that Christian work- guage. Beyond there lies the vast Amazon forest ers reach only one social class. Thus there are whose meagre native population is rapidly disunreached classes, even where regular work has appearing.

been long carried on, notably the Indians at one MEXICO is for the present a land closed to the end of the scale, and at the other the intellectual foreign missionary. Any statement about the conand the wealthy who are hardly touched. To ditions there may be made out-of-date in the reach these an effort must be directed specially to course of a few months by a turn of the political them and suited to their mental attitude. The gulf wheel. Meantime a Spanish Gospel radio mis- to be bridged is not only that of religious preju- sion located near the southern border of the [462 ] United States, would appear to be the obvious eral times in these recent years, and most of the method for continuing and extending the Gospel territory has been visited at some time, while the witness in that troubled land. colporteurs cover the whole country with the Scriptures. But in no part of the territory is the CENTRAL AMERICA is covered by the general missionary occupation adequate. statement, which comes from the best informed source, that "Central America is fairly well cov- The 700,000 to 800,000 Quechua Indians of ered, and yet large towns and cities exist with very Ecuador, especially in Azuay and Imbabura, are little work done in them." On comparing the list of a fine type. The efforts to reach them with the of chief towns with the latest list of missionaries Gospel, while sacrificial and purposeful, have to in the six republics of Guatemala, Honduras, Sal- date been hopelessly inadequate in staff, resources vador, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, and Panama, it ap- and methods. pears that there are ten cities of more than 10,000 inhabitants which have no resident missionary. On the other hand, Ecuador has an effective Among these are such important centers as Santo Gospel radio broadcasting station in Quito which Tomas (19,000), Mostenango (17,000), and An- is being listened to all over the republic, and also tigua (14,000) in Guatemala, and San Miguel a local station in Guayaquil under Christian aus- (25,000), and San Vicente (18,000) in El Sal- pices which broadcasts the. evangelical services. vador. PERU. By the promotion of autonomous groups, COLOMBIA has been for many years an extremely organized wherever there is an interest in the hard field owing to the dominant influence exer- Gospel, without waiting for pastors or missioncised on the civil government by the papal hier- aries to lead them, an extensive network of meetarchy and the religious orders. It appears to ings under the name of the Evangelical Church of offer the most important unevangelized areas in Peru, has spread over most of the central area, Latin America. There is no settled missionary in although the missionary occupation of the region Magdalena, with a population of 283,000; in is negligible apart from Lima and Callao. Most North Santander (330,500) there is no mission- of the important cities are occupied by Christian ary except in the City of Clicuta; Santander, with workers. a population of 604,000, is described by one who has an interest in seed-sowing, as having "the sur- In the Amazonian forest region of Peru there face barely scratched." There is a missionary in are extensive unreached areas, but these have a the City of Bucaramanga. Bolivar, with 650,800, very meagre population. The missionary in Iquihas very little done or going on; Boyaca has 950,- tos looks northward over the extensive area of the 000 people practically untouched; Antioquia, with Napo, westward up the Marafion, and southward over a million souls, has very little to evidence over the vast region of the Ucayali, all unreached. evangelism, although some work has been going Along a few of the rivers there are Christian outon for years. A recent article in an important posts where devoted workers who count not their missionary magazine described the province of lives dear are spreading the Message over a local- Chaco as South America's neediest field. The ity amidst the vast darkness, while missionary Goajira peninsula is at present being investigated launches travel the navigable waters carrying the by workers who have gone there to begin work messenger, and circulating the Scriptures and among the Goajiras and Motilones who form a other Christian literature. The workers settled considerable part of Colombia's Indian population. in communities are often hindered by the planters from evangelizing the Indian peones. Much has As Colombia has a population of some 8,000,000, been said and written about reaching the unit is only exceeded, among Latin American re- reached forest dwellers but the efforts to carry out publics, by Argentina and Brazil. As it has only the enterprise have encountered great difficulty 9 per cent of Indians, it offers a homogeneous lan- in locating a sufficient number in anyone place guage field. The recent changes in the adminis- to offer a field for a worker who has to contemtration, which gave the republic a liberal adminis- plate years of study to acquire their language. tration after half a century of Roman dominance, should make an effective and widespread Gospel BOLIVIA is the republic in which the distribution witness more possible now than at any former of the missionary forces is most satisfactory, due time in this generation. in part to the great elevation of the city which is the seat of government-La Paz. The areas which ECUADOR is a land legally closed to missionaries, are still unoccupied are, that east of Santa Cruzbut the evangelical witness is in no way hindered Charagua, and that west of the La Paz-Villazon by the civil authorities. The provinces of Carchi, railway. The population in both of these is sparse. Leon, Bolivar, Cafiar, Loja, Del Oro, Los Rios and The northern and the southern sections of the re- Esmeraldas are all without resident workers. public are very inadequately occupied. Loja has been visited by Christian workers sev- It has been wisely observed that the problem of the evangelization of Bolivia is not preeminently

one of further occupation, but of effective opera- evangelized area-the well educated and wealthy.

tions from the centers occupied, the widespread The prevailing view is well expressed in a letter use of the printed page, the introduction of the to hand from Colombia. "The big need in Colom- Gospel radio, and the multiplication of native bia, however, is not for missions to special classes, workers. but for men like Christ, able to go to any class, CHILE is a land fairly well occupied and evan- to be equally at home with Nicodemus or the Sa- gelized in so far as the working class is concerned. maritan woman. We need spade work by lots of Even the Indians and the soldiers are reached as ordinary missionaries to ordinary people." This in no other republic. Yet there are areas calling is a reasonable view. But Nicodemus should not for attention in the nitrate fields of the north and be left out in the night. The following excerpts in Southern Chiloe and Aysen in the south. from another letter written by a missionary of THE RIVER PLATE REPUBLICs-Argentina, Uru- long experience, throw light on the problems of guay and Paraguay are all occupied in their larger this important and almost untouched field. "When cities, but in each there are considerable rural you make specific reference to students and the areas, and many country towns which remain vir- well-to-do classes, you touch a responsive chord in tually untouched. In both of the seaboard coun- my heart. I was not many years in before tries, Bible carvans visit many of these rural dis- I clearly saw that our evangelical missions were tricts, so that the witness to the Gospel, while yet making no effort to testify among such. In 1912, leaving many unreached, is probably the best for on invitation, I began work in the English depart- rural areas in Latin America. ment of the university, and have found a great ",BRAZIL has a vast territory of which a great many opportunities to bear witness, to offer coun- pa'lt is covered by virgin forest, and much of this sel, to invite to Bible classes, etc. . . . The well-to- all but inaccessible, especially in the west and do have been completely abandoned by our mis- nor..th. There is established Christian work in sionary group in the large sense. With them there eve~ State, and the more populous towns are oc- is little social reciprocity, only occasional contact, cupied. But there remain many towns, and great and the missionary attitude is timid and apolo- areas between the lines of penetration, which still getic in the main. I have been trying to pioneer in await the Gospel messenger. The greatest need this sphere. Long residence, an office in the Ro- is in the northeast, including the States from tary Club, and a large circle of friendship, have Maranhao to Bahia, and the occupation of the given me entree into a number of homes where central region – Minas Geraes, Goyaz and Sao wealth and luxury prevail alongside the yearning Paulo – is described as "painfully inadequate." of unsatisfied hearts." .

Taking the republic as a whole, it is evident that "Why have we neglected these classes? Because some 1,200 Christian workers, native and foreign, we have failed to realize their spiritual destitution cannot possibly evangelize a population of over 41 and honest longing for Christ. We have too easily millions spread over so vast a country. transferred the accountability for their souls to VENEZUELA is also reached in so far as occupa- the R. C. church. . . . It requires faith to attempt tion of the principal towns is concerned, and evan- anything like the commendation of Christ to those gelistic work has been more successful than in who may be our superiors in culture, wealth, and the other republics of northern South America. knowledge of the human problem. There is no Yet there are several States still without workers, fellowship to which they can be invited, no pres- so that about one half ·of the population is not tige to be gained by holiness of thought and deed, systematically reached. The unoccupied States, and no organized work in which they can engage.

according to the data available, are: Falc6n, Za- The rank and file of Protestant missionaries do mora, Portuguesa, Cojedes, Anzoategui, Delta- not inspire the confidence and affection of this Amacuro, and the territory of Amazonas. Vene- class, and in no case can one enter into their inti- zuela, like Ecuador, is legally closed to the mis- mate problems without thorough mastery of their sionary, and the prohibition is more effective in language and easy familiarity with their social this case than in the other. procedure. In other words, such evangelizing THE ANTILLES. The larger islands of the Car- calls for special preparation, and we seem to be ibbean are well occupied. Christian work in these too busy with other duties or too shortsighted to islands has the advantage of better prepared na- spare time for-a paramount obligation. The result tional workers than are commonly available in is that we fail to maintain a working force which most of South America. exerts steady pressure on all the component sec- The Great Unevangelized Upper Classes tions of society. We fall far short of the dominant Church which sets men aside for special assign- Over the whole of Latin America there is one ments according to their gifts and training and class which constitutes the most important un- proved efficiency."

VISITING TRIBAL INDIAINS IN THE XINGU DISTRICT, MATTO GROSSO

The Indians South of the Rio Grande By REV. JOSEPH A. DAVIS, D.D.

Secretary of the Inland South America Missionary Union T HE Indian is the Hamlet among races. .AIOOf These ethnic groups are divided into linguistic and melancholy, he broods over his wrongs families of whom the most important recorded and is torn between resentment, with a number forty, embracing about 500 different lanstrong element of revenge and reprisal, and a guages and dialects due to separation of factions fatalistic acceptance of eventual racial suicide. from the parent body and becoming separate He has little reason to trust the white man. Co- tribes which developed dialects or languages by lumbus was received with friendly gestures at contact, intermarriage or incorporation into for- San Salvador yet within three years a slave ship, eign tribes.

filled with Indians, set sail for Spain. Some of these languages are vocalic and soft, The dominant ethnic groups of Latin America others wide in the range of sound, while a third as defined by ethnologists are the Nahuatla-Maya, group are harsh and gutteral.

for most of Mex:co and Central America; the Written language, with the Tribal or unassimi- Carib-Arawak, about the Caribbean Sea; the lated Indian, is still largely hieroglyphic-crude Chibcha-Quichua for the Cordilleras of South representations of fights, legends, and other ac- America; the Tupi-Guarani for the Amazon tivities pictured on robes, blankets, baskets and drainage; the Araucanian for the Pampas; the pottery. Communications between foreign tribes Patagonia for the peninsula; and the Fuegian in early times was, and still is with the Tribal or for the Magellan Strait. unassimilated Indian, largely through sign lan- In Matta Grosso, Brazil, are found varieties of guage. Clark Wissler says there were 113 lead- tribes that are included in the above classification ing linguistic stocks in Latin America. These and some which seem to have different character- stocks were broken up into hundreds of tribes istics from the general stock. and nations, each speaking its own language or The land in which each tribe or division lived, dialect. Some tribes are extinct, others are reits fertility, minerals or absence, the sort of ani- duced to a few thousand or a few hundred. The mals and birds, made some friendly, some hostile; Quichuas, Aymaras, Arawaks, Guaranis, Arau- led some to engage in virile occupation, others to canians and a few others are still very large. No follow more feminine pursuits. other race is broken up into so many families or [465 ]

has extended over so much territory as has the life some of these are agriculturalists, miners, Red Race. stock breeders, domestic servants, laborers, and are employed in small industries of their own. The most advanced civilizations in the Indian The chief vices of this class are alcohol, and in world in prediscovery days were those in Mexico, the Cordilleras to this is added the chewing of Central America and Peru. The descendants of cocoa. They are hard working, patient and longthese proud peoples have now been reduced to suffering, and in the majority of cases are faithhewers of wood and drawers of water. ful to the women of their choice. When they be- come Christians they live a consistent life. Few Who Are the Indians? of them, except the Christians, have escaped from witchcraft. Slave trading, mostly for women, is If we called all persons Indians that have a common among them. They believe that the natupercentage of Indian blood, we would take in a ral objects about them have spiritual essence, and majority of the entire population of Latin Amer- thus have an active part in their religious beliefs. ica. In the United States those who have one- Every calamity is credited to the work of an "evil eighth of Indian blood are called Indian. Dr. thing." Most of these Indians have some idea of Warren G. Moorehead defines as Indian anyone a God, but He is thought to be elemental, revengein whom the quantum of Indian blood is one- ful, vindictive. Even when the Indian becomes fourth or more. Dr. Thomas C. Moffatt considers nominally a Roman Catholic he is still swayed only those to be Indians in whom the quantum by his native witch doctor and his allegiance of Indian blood predominates. The twenty re- seems to be divided between the village priest publics composing South America have a popula- and the witch doctor. At the feast days of saints tion of approximately eighty million. Of this he dances his ancient pagan dances to the pipe of total the Stateman's Yearbook estimates that his pagan drums, fights and gets drunk. seventeen million are pure Indian, thirty million are mixed white and Indian, and 700,000 are The Tribal Indians mixed Negro and Indian. Other estimates of the number of Indians vary from fifteen to twenty The Tribal or Lowland Indians number nearly million for those of pure Indian blood; and from four million and are divided into over three huntwelve to seventeen million for those of mixed dred tribes. Many of these tribes are now being white and Indian blood. subjugated by the whites. Some of these are huntsmen and fishermen and nomadic in habit; It is impossible to get an exact census of the others live in settled communities. Some are hosnumber of pure blood Indians in Latin America. tile, others friendly. Dr. Moffatt's estimate is fifteen million, divided as follows: The tribes are organized into clans, the head- ship of which is sometimes hereditary, sometimes Mexico and Central America-7,000,000. elected. All cooperative activities are regulated The Highland Indians of Colombia, Ecuador, Peru and from the tribal basis: marriage and speech and common industries are under its sway. Bolivia-Quichuas, 3,000,000; Aymaras, 500,000. Colombian Indians-500,000. With them war is little more than a raid. They The Lowland or Tribal Indians, uncivilized compared hunt for enemies much as they hunt animals and in war dances many tribes disguise themselves as to the Highland Indians and mostly in a savage and animals and the pantomime is a mimic hunt. They primitive condition-nearly 4,000,000, are divided have some knowledge of fortification. as follows: They are well versed in the knowledge of the Brazil-l,300,OOO. air. Heat and cold, rain and drought, the winds Peru-700,000. in their relation to the points of the compass are Ecuador-700,000. never out of their thoughts. They find the best Bolivia-400,000. springs, the best paint, the best clay, the best Venezuela-300,OOO. stone for sculpture and hard stone for tools. They Chili-100,000. are likewise familiar with the vegetable kingdom; Colombia-100,OOO. edible plants and those for diet and medicines are Paraguay-50,000. part of their knowledge. They use wood for tools, Argentina-30,000. utensils and weapons. They know poisonous' The Guianas-40,000. plants and can eliminate or use obnoxious prop- erties. They understand the nature and habits of The Mestizos and Assimilated Indians animals and their migrations and can interpret their voices. The mestizos, of mixed Spanish and Indian blood, compose a large proportion of the popula- Otis Tufton Mason points out that the religion tion. There are no social bars to the:r advance- of the Indian is what the tribes believe about ment and many become lawyers, physicians, priests, officials and capitalists.

Of the other Red Men of Latin America the assimilated Indians (civilized or semi-civilized) number some eleven million, and embrace the tribes of the Cordilleras, and the majority of the Indians of Mexico and Central America. In civil

THE INDIANS SOUTH OF THE RIO GRANDE

spirits or shades of the spirit world, and what In Bolivia the Methodist Episcopal Church, these beliefs involve. Their form of belief is North, is stationed amongst the Aymaras and the called animism-everything alive, sentiment, Bolivian Indian Mission ministers to the Aymaras thoughtful, wilful. Thus the majority of phe- and the Quichuas. nomena are lifted out of the physical world and placed in the spirit realm. Thus theology and AN INDIAN OF BOLIVIA science are one. Their worship combines religious drama, amusement, gambling and other social In Peru the Evangelical Union has an interestcustoms and fetishes. ing experiment among the Incas. The Inland South America Missionary Union works among The evangelization of Tribal Indians presents the Chamas and Campas. difficulties so great that a new technic and new methods are required, such as are not common in In Colombia the Inland South America Missionother fields. Converts obtained in one section or ary Union is beginning a work among the Goterritory disappear a few months later as the ajiras, Motilons and Aruacs. tribe moves on. The missionary has no permanent station, but must keep moving with the In- In Ecuador the Christian and Missionary Allidians. This explains also the very uncertain ance has missionaries among the Jivaros. numbers given to various tribes who move about and melt one into the other, in many cases even- In Chile the Protestant Episcopal Church works tually to return to their original territory, habits amongst the Araucanians. and numbers. Mr. Kenneth Grubb, addressing the Foreign Missions Conference of 1927, said: In Brazil the Evangelical Union of South Amer- "The Indian of the interior is in an entirely sav- ica works among the Carajas. age state. For instance, in June, 1925, I was offered human flesh by the Indians. Among the The Inland South America Missionary Union same tribe I was finally robbed of all my posses- has missionaries to the Terena, Bakairi and sions and turned out naked in the forests." As to Xinguano Indians and is opening a post in the the language, he continues, "Some years ago I pub- Xingu River district amongst ten other tribes. lished a map presenting linguistic classification of 350 different tribes speaking different dialects, not In Venezuela the Orinoco River Mission is evanall of them, of course, radically different. They gelizing among the Guauqueri. belong to about fifty well marked different linguistic stocks." In Paraguay the Church Missionary Society of London has had remarkable success with the In- The evangelization of these Indians has scarcely dians of the Chaco. been started. In fact, tribes and peoples disappear who have never been evangelized. Attempts to To date only faint efforts have been made to reach these Indians have reported many sad fail- send the Gospel of our Lord Jesus Christ to Latin ures. This field has been outside of established American Indians. Over three-fourths of the asmissionary work. A missionary to the Indians similated, but pure blood Indians, have no Protmust sustain himself, and for the most part live estant mIsSIOnary. Over seven-eighths of the off the land, and yet cannot always remain in a Tribal Indians, buried in vast forests, in unexsettled spot; and he must be ready to encounter plored or semi-unexplored regions, are as unpestilence and fever and a great variety of insects reached by the white man as they were four hunand pests. There are rivers there in which one dred years ago, and still remain without God and can get lost because of their width of twenty miles without hope. It is one of the supreme missionor more. The transportation problem is to a large ary challenges of our day and generation, one of extent the problem of water transportation be- the world's remaining pioneer fields. It is ancause the rivers are the highways. other Dark Continent that awaits a Livingstone.

Missionary Societies at Work In Mexico work has been done amongst the Xapotecs and Tarahuamas by the Baptists, and amongst the Mayas (Mexican) by the Reformed Church in America. At present all work in Mexico is, at least temporarily, discontinued.

In the Central American Republics there is the Baptist mission amongst the Pipils; and the Central American Mission works with the Cakchiquels, Mams, Quiches and the Del Nortes.

A Living Church in Latin

By KENNETH G. GRUBB, London, England World Dominion Movement "THE Church—::;~hat a word was there; richer sorts and conditions of men. Almost all classes of than Golconda and the treasures of the mankind who have their exits and their entrances world! . . . Strong was he that had a on the stage of life are represented in the churches Church. He stood thereby, 'though in the centre of Latin America. Today, as always, the common of immensities in the conflux of eternities,' yet people receive Jesus gladly, and it is they-to the manlike towards God and man. The vague, shape- eternal credit of Christianity, who form by far the less Universe, had become a great city for him, a most numerous representation. But there are dwelling which he knew." So wrote Carlyle, and prominent lawyers, one or two prominent polino one who knows the churches of Latin America ticians, leading physicians, state employees, school will reverse his verdict. In them, and through principals and educators, merchants and bankers, their ministry the vague, shoreless outline of eter- tradesmen, offi·cers of the army and navy, writers nity has become for thousands of seeking souls a and poets among the membership. There are city which hath foundations whose builder and farmers and porters, chauffeurs and sailors, street maker is God. It will not then be altogether out peddlers and carpenters and a score of other oc- of place if we consider briefly some of the char- cupations. I knew a man in one of our churches acteristics of the churches of Latin America. who made his living by writing letters in the Without entering into unnecessary discussion it is market for the illiterate-a common profession in , sufficient for the purposes of such a bird's-eye many republics. Another man, up to the time he view, to consider as a church any group of be- was converted, used to go to prison to earn his lievers, baptized into the Body of Christ, regularly living although never himself the criminal. It is meeting together for worship, prayer and due and still permitted in some parts for a man who has proper celebration of the sacraments with the at- been found guilty of certain offences to pay for tendant discipline. someone else to remain in jail in his place!

Such churches are found in every place. In the Anglo-Saxon Protestantism does not go to Andes they exist three miles above the level of the church if it is wet; it turns on the radio at home.

sea, and the gringo, when he addresses them, must I have known Latin American Christians travel pause to take his breath. Down in the Amazon ten miles on foot in the rain (single journey) to lowlands there are churches to which on Sunday attend Sunday service, the woman, perhaps with mornings the members will nearly all come in a baby on her back. One man on Sunday morning their canoes. In Guatemala City there is a church heard that the bandits were on the trail between on the central plaza and adjoining the Presiden- him and the village church. He resolved, however, tial Palace. In Spain there is a church which to go and was held up; he promptly invited his meets regularly in a cave-the church "which is captor to the service. The bandit went hoping, of in thy cave." And for church buildings there are course, to hold up the whole church. He was so edifices in pseudo-Gothic or in the modern style impressed with what he heard that he left with- for auditoriums. There are churches built of five- out even touching the collection!

gallon gasoline tins hammered flat. There are Most of these churches are not large; the aver- churches walled with cactus and thatched with age membership of 300 churches in different re- banana leaves. Both in Mexico and Spain there publics of South America proved to be 55. In the are former Catholic churches now dedicated to country the sparsity of the population and the dif- Evangelical worship. And finally, there are scores ficulties of travel tend to make the churches small. of house-churches – churches meeting in some The Latin American is often, also, a strong indifaithful brother's home. I have partaken of the vidualist and ta hold together a large church re-, sacred elements with an ordained minister pres- quires more training in leadership than some of ent, floating down the river on a large raft. That our pastors possess. Some of the city churches, group, not strictly a church, was, at least, a going however, are very large. There are three churches concern, in spite of the fact that it was drifting. in Rio de Janeiro of about 1,000 members each, The membership of these churches includes all and there are other churches in the republic of [468 ] this size. There are two churches in Guatemala Adore Him." Both the prose and the poetry of City of about 500 members in each. There are the religious writers of the Golden Age of Spain some large churches in Mexico. I have been pres- breathe the incense of the sanctuary. Even Ruben ent at a communion service when over 700 per- Dario, the famous Nicaraguan, not generally consons took part, and the occasion was not a special sidered a religious poet, has some pieces which one. Large churches in Latin America offer very are marked by a fervent spiritual aspiration. An serious problems and provided there is an ample Argentine once said to me: "I cannot make up my spirit of cooperation it is often preferable to have mind whether your Protestant churches are really several medium-sized churches in a city than one intended for worship, conversation, exercise or large one. Both in Central and South America financial transactions." The latter reference was there are some large rural churches; sometimes a probably to the custom of taking change out of whole village or community has received the Gos- the collection when the plate is passed around. pel in a wave of spiritual awakening. The criticism was not just, inasmuch as it failed to appreciate the real connection which exists be- Only a few churches, comparatively, are self- tween the inward and the outward life; but it was supporting in the sense that they have both built suggestive. their templo and maintained their minister. Many others support their minister, either congrega- There are some fine spiritual leaders among the tionally or indirectly, through their central pastors and ministers of our Latin American church organization. Experience shows that it is churches. Mexico, Rio de Janeiro, Sao Paulo, and not common for a church of under two hundred the River Plate region can all show men who have members to be able to undertake the whole sup- added competence to devotion and consecration to port of a full-time minister. Naturally this prob- natural gift. Many of these men receive salaries lem must be viewed in a totally different light in which a sausage-seller in Anglo-Saxon countries the towns and in the rural districts. Many rural would scorn. Having said this, however, it is churches are served by lay workers and evan- necessary to notice that the ministry presents one gelists, being occasionally visited by an ordained of the most serious evangelical problems of Latin minister: Moreover, rural communities will not America. In some cases there has been, for a infrequently build their own churches, the mem- variety of reasons, a lack of vocation among the bers supplying both the material and the labor. younger men. But it must be confessed that our In the cities it is often desirable that the church theological colleges or seminaries have not fulshould meet in a suitable and dignified building. filled their purpose. The seminary problem is al- There are not wanting cases, however, where ways with us in Latin America; it hangs around handsome city churches have been built mainly the corner of every conference and discussion like by the voluntary contributions of the congrega- a hungry dog at the street corners. For the most tion. A beautiful spirit of sacrifice is often shown part we have failed to combine a deep devotional in the building of the rural church. One very old spirit with a high standard of training. We have man once said to me: "I cannot do much, but I produced some narrow and carping mentalities; sit on the ground and hold the foot of the ladder and the shallowness of our own spiritual life, our while my son climbs up with the adobes." lack of personal sacrifice and the superficiality of our own thinking have been reflected in those Blessed are they who not only in their dreams whom we have taught. It is also true that most but in their deeds, humbly hold the ladder on of our pastors do far too much; it is difficult to which the angels of God ascend and descend be- blame them. As a result they. do not give adetween heaven and earth! quate time to meditation and prayer. The results of a recent inquiry into what evangelical ministers The Church in Action read during the course of a year were, in the' ma- jority of cases, disquieting. It is obvious that It is timely to speak in brief of the church in under such circumstances the Evangelical moveaction, and here, perhaps, a word of friendly ment tends to become a movement of activities. criticism may not be amiss. Many of our churches are not so much places of prayer as places of There is some. rich material in nearly all the preaching, or teaching. We tend to exchange the republics in lay workers and lay leaders. Intimate devotional spirit for the didactic 'lpirit. This is contact with the leading laymen of our churches very natural amid people who are destitute of nearly always increases one's respect for them. Scriptural instruction, but it is regrettable. As a Recently in Mexico I asked a layman why he gave matter of fact there is often a fine devotional so much time to the church. He replied very strain in the Latin American soul if it can be simply and earnestly: "I cannot but share my evoke.d. It was a Portuguese king who wrote the bread with the hungry." Latin hymn which has passed into the universal possession of Christendom: "0, Come, Let Us One man in Brazil brought over seventy differ-

ent adults to church or Sunday school for the first dispense if need be with its buildings of concrete, time, in a year. Another man, a chauffeur, and as it is founded upon a Rock. It is the depository owning his own car, gave himself and the car and minister of the unalterable truths of peace, wholly to the Lord's work on Saturday and Sunday every week, paying for his own gasoline. This meant a very serious loss for him commercially. Another layman, of humble origin, finding himself in charge of a congregation in the prolonged absence of the minister, organized a graded Sunday school, and selected and trained, in a simple fashion, the necessary teachers. It would be possible to multiply these examples.

Two Serious Difficulties South America It Vould not be fair to present this picture of Twice the .ize of the church in Latin America without mentioning Europe, two serious difficulties which constantly occur in local churches: moral difficulties and divisions. Thrice China, The former problem is well known to all who have Four time. India, had the most superficial contact with evangelical Sixty time. I he work in Latin America. The fact that it is a problem at all is a high testimony to the standards of British Isle• . righteousness set among our congregations. In no other circles of Latin American society is it TIr: obol.'c fnflp u J,oJI,I.'n to leul:. recognized as such. Often converts are not received into membership because of the difficulty — – of straightening out their marital and moral relationships. Not infrequently there are serious SOUTH AMERICA HAS A POPULATION OF 80 MILLION lapses among the members and sometimes even in the pastorate. The Indian in these matters PEOPLE WHILE THE POPULATION OF INDIA AND generally shows a better record than the Mestizo. BURMA AND CE'YLON IS 30'0,000,000 The second fault is also a serious one. It is not pardon and holiness, of the things which move altogether uncommon to find a church rent into with passionless authority and unchangeable mien local factions, generally grouping themselves through the profundities of our spiritual being, of around some brother who thinks that his impor- the divine message of salvation of all mankind. tance has not been sufficiently recognized. The personalism of the Latin American temperament THE MISSIONARY CALL is carried over into the church life and there are too many members who are Paulists or Apollo- By GEORGE ZABRISKIE COLLIER, Middlebnrgk, N. Y. nians. Sometimes this leads to actual division and secession of a group of members; sometimes (An antiphonal response to Tennyson's "Crassing the these divisions are due to a rising spirit of na- Bar.") tionalism. Undoubtedly also the denominational organization of our work makes it easy to conceive Sunrise and Morning Star! of multiplication of means of division. The How clear Life's call to me Amoeba multiplies thus; but it is a primitive form of growth. To send Christ's words of peace and love afar, Across earth's storm-tossed sea! The Church is the permanent form in which the results of evangelization are finally embodied. It Noon-tide,-again the bell,- is the agency by which the sovereignty of God op- "Work on,=–'tis not yet dark,- erates in this and every generation. It may be, as in Mexico, that government action will close With faith and courage; say not yet "Farewell," our schools, fetter our missionaries and limit all Nor disembark." forms of social penetration. It may even be that our church buildings may be closed. But the true To every land and each long-waiting race, church does not exist in these things. It is a spir- Life's flood will bear me far, itual edifice. It holds the promise: "The gates of hell shall not prevail against it." It can afford to My Pilot with me always, face to face, Before I cross Death's bar.

Youth in Latin

By S. FRANKLIN MACK, New York 1Ja- il Young People's Secretary, Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions, U. S. A.

I N SPENDING four months in South America, their twenties. Later at Medellin when I found Central America and Mexico this past year, myself swept along in a stream of humanity at a my primary objective was to take motion pic- political demonstration honoring ex-president tures to be used with the interdenominational Olaya Herrera, the speakers were young men and study of missions in Latin America. To achieve most of the crowd were young. Age is still in this objective I journeyed over 25,000 miles by control, but youth is right up behind the saddle, land, sea and air. I learned a great deal about ready to take the reins. the geography, the climate, the customs of the I found only one well-organized political alliance people and the work being done by missionaries. of youth, the Federacion Aprista Juvenil. It is My appreciation of the vastness of the southern the youth section of Victor Raul Haya de la continent increased immensely. Respect for the Torre's APRA party in Peru. It is, however, no people, their ancient culture and their modern blindly partisan alliance of self-seeking political achievements grew apace. A veritable multitude amateurs. Every member not only contributes a of impressions of all kinds passed in kaleidoscopic modest weekly fee to the support of the party, review, not all of them favorable, but none failing but gives of his time as well, either teaching in to awaken interest and to suggest comparisons. night schools for the illiterate and uneducated, or Here was a new world, yet very old: the new and attending classes for self-improvement. In a land the old existing often side by side. Would the and on a continent where the double standard of new prove better than the old? Was all of this morality is the rule, and is acquiesced in by parmodernization, this wholesale importation of auto- ents, this youth organization pledges its members mobiles, motion pictures, radios and all the new to live clean lives, and to neither smoke, drink nor appetites that go with them-was it a good thing? indulge in social dancing. They pride themselves What does the future hold in store for these widely on setting such a high standard of physical fitdiffering republics, each with its peculiar history, ness, honesty, industry and morality, that they problems, aspirations? will be recognized as Apristas by their conduct. These were insistent questions for which it was "Prepare for action and not for enjoyment" is their slogan. The action envisaged is not military difficult to find satisfying answers. The modern- action. It is rather the living of an effective life ization, even in the large cities, is almost too new, and the dead hand of the past still too much in in the service of humanity and of the State. I control for the newer attitudes, forms and insti- found these young people taking an active part tutions to have become clearly defined as yet. So in the running of a cooperative comedor or eating I found myself searching for symptoms, and this place in Lima, where poor people could get a good inevitably led to the focussing of attention upon meal for the equivalent of six cents in our money. youth. Because of the rate of speed at which I They were busy in a night school teaching, readwas forced to travel, this was not an easy thing ing, studying the needs of Peru, preparing murals to do with any thoroughness, but I consoled my- to illustrate the ethical and moral ideals of the self with the thought that I was not so close to organization. They embarrassed me by asking the situation as to be unable to see the forest on whether young people in North America take an account of the trees: at least I had perspective! active interest in the affairs of government and in raising the status of the underprivileged. This Almost the first impression that I had of Colom- party, while it finds itself ranged against the esbia was that it is being run by young men. Many tablished Catholic Church, which has joined the of the customs men at Puerto Colombia were quite party of privilege in the defense of the status quo, young, and almost none of the sizeable group who is not antireligious. Haya de la Torre is himself assisted in the elaborate ceremony of tracing my Christian and Protestant, and while there is no lineage back through both sets of grandparents dictation as to what a man shall believe, there is and recording my ten fingerprints three times at definite recognition of the importance of religion the Baranquilla police headquarters were out of [471 ]

in personal and community life, and the strongest state of Yucatan during April of this year. Sim- kind of emphasis upon Christian ethics is to be ilar Christian conferences for study, worship and found in the code of the Federacion Aprista rededication are to be held near Mexico City this JuveniI. fall.

As might be expected, liberal and revolutionary The missions are also making provision for the ideas find their most fertile soil to be the minds of training of young people, not only for the minis- youth, especially the students in the schools and try, but also for Christian lay leadership. There universities. The government university at Lima, is a girls' hostel at Oaxaca from which many Peru, has been closed for some time because of Christian girls have gone out to be leaders in the the strong liberal complexion of the student body, educational, social and religious life of the sur- most of them sympathizers with the APRA party. rounding Indian communities. In other parts of I arrived in Merida, Mexico, just in time to wit- Mexico young men, trained by the missions, have ness the strike of high school students in the gov- given themselves to the establishment of rural ernment schools. Reflecting the spirit abroad in schools under the government's program for edu- the land they were demanding a larger degree of cational expansion into rural areas. A mission self-control, more holidays and shorter hours, girls' school at Quezaltenango, Guatemala, has a with school only in the mornings. A few days normal training department which is turning out previously they had stormed the local education Christian teachers to help man the government's headquarters, wrecked the office and burned all of schools. A nurses' training school in connection the records. They had forced the students at the with the mission hospital at Guatemala City is Turner-Hodge mission high school to join them, producing fine Christian nurses who are finding but the prospect of being photographed in motion employment all over Guatemala, everywhere earn- pictures, added to their lack of sympathy with the ing a reputation for character and efficiency.

strike, was sufficient to bring nearly 100% of the At Medellin, Colombia, there is a training mission school students back to their classes. school for Christian leaders where provision is There were a few tense moments when, with doors made for self-help, and where a premium is placed locked, we waited for the angry crowd outside to on industry as well as piety. Unique among the tire of their attempts to set fire to the window training institutions is the Methodist Episcopal awnings and to batter in the door. Elsewhere, in "EI Vergel" farm school near Angol in Chile.

varying degrees, there were signs of unrest and Here a fine upstanding group of young men is be- of dissatisfaction with ideas, attitudes and insti- ing prepared for leadership in the fields of agri- tutions of long standing. culture, horticulture and animal husbandry. The This questioning carries over into the field of school equips these students not only for the agri- religion. A type of Christianity which portrays cultural reclamation of Chile, but also for Chris- Christ as a dead figure in the distant past, and tian lay leadership. '

which places large emphasis upon ritual, the pay- There are Y. M. C. A. and Y. W. C. A. organiza- ment of dues, and unquestioning obedience to tions at work in the larger cities of nearly all of ecclesiastical authority, does not meet the needs of the Latin American Republics, and they are doing youth. Students seek spiritual satisfaction in the a great deal, as in this country, to supplement the study of philosophy or of oriental faiths. Many work of the Church in reaching and holding young have given up all religion. Nor does the stereo- men and women. It was my privilege while in typed, adult-centered program of the Protestant Lima to attend a Sunday mornirig breakfast con- church, too often limited to Sunday school, preach- ference at the home of the General Secretary of ing service and mid-week prayer meeting, meet the Y. M. C. A. to which some forty representative their needs any more than it meets the needs of younger men of the city come each week by invita- young people here in North America. New ways tion, to discuss the relation of Christianity to life.

must be found to minister to the spiritual needs of This morning the leader talked on the subject, youth if they are to be reached and held by the Una Maravillosa Manera de vivir-the abundant Gospel of Jesus Christ. life. Various members of the group asked The best technique discovered so far is that of thoughtful questions and others told quite simply the young people's summer conference. It has how their lives were being lived on a higher plane proved its value here, and it is now being adapted because of the_new outlook that Jesus Christ had with effectiveness to the needs of Latin America. brought to them. It was a notable illustration of For a number of years such conferences have been the determined effort that is being made to dis- held in Chile, and now a start has been made in cover effective methods of approach.

Brazil also. Mexico is becoming interested, a sig- Students at the seminary in Sao Paulo, Brazil, nificant week's camping conference with twenty- have been organizing teams to spend the summer two young men enrolled having been held in the months (December and January for them) in

EMERGING YOUTH IN LATIN AMERICA

preaching, teaching and helping with programs earned in the eighty and more years of their existfor young people out among the churches of the ence there, the receptiveness of the people to the Presbytery. This has added materially to the Christian message, the steadfastness of the Chriseffectiveness of their training and has been a great tian nationals in the face of opposition, and the boon to the churches. This mission, in particular, beginnings that have been made toward reaching is to be commended for the quality of its leader- and holding young people-these are tremendous ship among the nationals. One student whom I assets. Now, while things are still so largely in met, a Negro boy by the name of Valerio from far north in Bahia, has been amazingly effective A COLOMBIAN STUDENT STUD'YING FOR THE MINISTRY in the conduct of evangelistic services, proving acceptable not only in the smaller villages, but the formative stage, is the time to make a great with the cultured congregation of the city church advance in our missions' work in Latin America. at Sao Paulo as well. It was in this Sao Paulo church that I found a Sunday school enrolling 900, The future is full of promise if we can succeed six hundred being accounted for in little branch Sunday schools conducted on Sunday afternoon all in making Jesus Christ a vital reality to the youths over the city by teachers and young people from the parent church. of these republics, as they come into larger re- Perhaps it is because of the restrictions which sponsibility and leadership. This problem of how have been imposed in Mexico that I was most impressed with the work being carried on in and to enlist the energies and enthusiasms of youth in around Merida in the State of Yucatan. There one evening I had spread out before me a map of the build~ng of Christ's Kingdom is one which the the surrounding territory. Some fifty-two villages were indicated as places where there are churches of North and South America have in organized churches. They represent the missionary outreach of the work centering in Merida. common. As we find solutions to it here, we shall The man who supervises them all showed me pictures that he had taken of the different congre- be helping them to solve it there. . ga'eions. A large proportion in each instance were young people. There being but few ordained ministers available, the churches are manned largely by elders. Each church has from three to six little branches in near-by Indian villages, where the work is carried on by elders and the young people. The Merida pastor who took me to visit some of these congregations is only twenty-one years of age. Another young man not much older is at work there representing the American Bible Society. With the resourcefulness of youth they were responding to restrictions laid upon the churches by encouraging Bible study and family wor~hip in the homes.

There are many factors controlling the destiny of nations. We have spent far more money on the exploitation of Latin America's raw materials than upon making Jesus Christ known. The missionaries whom we have sent, and the leaders whom they have trained among the nationals are all too few for the greatness of the opportunity. But the goodwill which Protestant missions have c. .1 .. ——–~-~~.~.——–

QUOTABLE ITEMS ABOUT SOUTH AMERIOA South America, the Dark Horse among the continents. Twice the continental area of the United States. Possible growth during the next century staggers prophecy.

Colombia, the Republic of Two Seas – borders on the Caribbean Sea on the north and the Atlantic Ocean on the west. It is an awakening republic with enormous resources which have scarcely begun to be developed.

Ecuador, the Republic of the Equator. Furnishes ivory nuts for buttons for a third of the human race. Most of the population is Indian.

Peru, Land of the Sun. Central Railway leads up the Andes to a height of almost sixteen thousand feet, the highest point of any railroad in the world. Lima, called the Paris of the South, has a great university which was aged before the Pilgrim Fathers reached New England. .

Peru could comfortably swallow California, Oregon, Washington, Nevada, Arizona, Utah and Idaho.

Bolivia, the Roof of the Continent. Highest inhabited country in Western Hemisphere. Ten degrees from the equator but colder than Maine.

Chile, the Shoestring Republic. Extends north and south as far as from New York to San Francisco; is as narrow as Lake Erie. Chileans are the Yankees of South America. A chain of wireless stations stretches from the tropical north to the Antarctic south.

Argentina, the Melting Pot of the South. More than half of the people are foreign born- Italians, Spaniards, French, and other nationalities. Buenos Aires is one of the most cos- mopolitan cities in the world.

Brazil, the Giant Republic. Larger than all of the United States (excluding Alaska). More unexplored land than in all the rest of the world. The Amazon can carry the greatest ocean steamers as far as from New York to Omaha, Nebraska.

Venezuela, the Neglected Republic. Lowlands, tropical climate and other characteristics make this land one of the most difficult on the continent.

Uruguay, the Modernist Republic. The smallest but perhaps the most modern of South Amer- .

ican republics-aggressive education, industries, politics and rationalism.

Paraguay, the Backward Republic. Has the fewest Protestants and shows least progress of any South American country.

The Guianas, the Foreign Colonies of South America. Controlled by England, Holland and France. * * >:; There are more ordained Protestant clergymen in the state of Iowa than in all South America, Mexico and Central America. In most of the ten republics of South America, a Protestant missionary could have a city and many towns for his exclusive parish.

Millions of Indians and other native peoples in Latin America have not been reached by the Christian message and are as pagan as any in the heart of Africa.

Of the 2,042,889 people in Buenos Aires there are probably only a few hundred men on any given Sunday at religious services.

There are over six million Africans among the thirty-nine millions of people in Brazil, and many of them are the crudest type of Negro on the American hemisphere.

The Amazon River system has over 50,000 miles of navigable waterway, equal to twice around the earth. It can be navigated for 2,500 miles by ocean steamers.

South America has the largest unexplored area of any continent. In Peru and Ecuador, only one person in 17 is white; nearly three quarters are Indian, the rest are Chinese and mixed. Not one third of South America's population is of pure white blood.

Thirty-eight out of every 100 persons you meet in Mexico are Indians, and 43 are of mixed bloods.

Practically the only Protestant mission work being done among the 50,000 Araucanians, de- scendants of the aboriginal Indian races, is that of the South American Missionary Society.

The Panama Canal cuts off 6,250 miles of the sea route from New York to Callao; 3,747 miles from the route to Valparaiso. It brings Liverpool 4,043 miles nearer to the port city of Peru.

Education-Old and

By REV. HUGH C. STUNTZ I~ The American Institute, La Paz, Bolivia I ~.- ~==========================~I A TAHUALPA, last emperor of the sun-wor- ducted in Latin, add further incomprehensible 1'"'. shippers in South America turned from his suggestions to uneducated minds so that the ancestral faith and accepted Christianity "Christian" Indians have practically no religious to avoid death at the stake. He was strangled in- education.

stead by a Dominican friar, Vicente Valverde, These natives of Latin America were denied and the hawk-eyed, cruel Pizarro. As in Mex- privileges of education afforded to sons of Spanish ico, so in South America, the Cross was planted amidst the ruins of a pagan empire by the power of Spanish greed.

Devastating victories these that brought a reli- gion of love on the point of the sword! They were followed by centuries of ruthless and heartless ex- ploitation, always in the name of Christ, always with pious subterfuge and holy absolution.

So complete was the victory of "Christianity"

that little was left of indigenous religion. Death became the penalty for all heretics, whether simple, superstitious Indians or cultured intellec- tuals. No wonder that the ancient cults of Mama- pacha, of Raymi and Coya Raymi-the worship of Earth, Sun and Moon-vanished. Thirty million followers of these religious ideas were reduced to less than eight million in the first century of "Christian" domination!

Traditions are not killed so easily as people, and in spite of persecution, death penalties and un- utterable cruelties, many religious. customs have been perpetuated either in secret, by rural In- dians, or have been silently absorbed into local Roman Catholic practices. Obedience to the au- thority of the Church has frequently been secured by just such unworthy means.

Today the Indians of the Altitudes, from Ecua- dor to Chile and Argentina, enjoy a mixture of religious ideas under the symbol of the Cross.

They have combined animism, superstition, fear and obedience into a weird jumble of beliefs that A MAY'AN-INDIAN TEACHER AT A MISSION SCHOOL center in the authority of the black-robed priest. IN MEXICO Religious education for these folk, under the dom- inant Church, has never mounted beyond an in- and colonial families. In the history of coloniza- sistence upon absolute obedience to ecclesiastical tion under Roman Catholicism, general education authority. God for them is still Viracocha, or has always been considered dangerous. Even Pachacamac; Christ is a strange unknown figure education for the selected few was strictly under of suffering and death, not unlike their ancestral, the watchful care of mother Church, and religious weeping God of Tiahuanaco. For these Indians, education was obligatory. Catechetical instruc- allegiance to the Church of Rome is but another tion in the dogma of the Church was the content superstition, another mystery. The services, con- of this education, made attractive and awe-inspir- [475 ]

ing by the experiences of first communion, mass has brought to replace the religious education of and confession. former years.

The wave of revolution that rocked the world at Sunday schools, similar in organization, purpose the close of the Eighteenth Century brought to and program to the Sunday schools of North Latin America freedom of thought along with America, have been the recognized Protestant other blessings and burdens. It was a golden method of religious education wherever missionmoment for religious awakening; old authorities aries have left their imprint. Most Sunday were discredited, new ideas and more noble ideals schools in Latin America have been supplied with were taking root in the minds of an unshackled study materials not prepared to meet their needs, people. But no religious movement proved strong without illustrations from Latin American life, enough or alert enough to gain ascendancy, and and frequently not answering the simplest relittle by little the religious allegiance of Latin quirements for curriculum. American peoples slipped back into the worn, easy grooves of authoritative, State religion. Educa- Many 'handicaps and difficulties have frustrated, tion continued in the hands of the clergy, and re- to some extent, the attempts of religious educaligious education remained a matter of instruction tion through youth movements. Lack of trained in dogmatics with almost no relation to the needs leadership, support and guidance have been the chief obstacles to overcome. Wherever national of everyday life. organizations have been formed, incorporating the The coming of Protestantism had little influence Protestant youth of various denominational groups, these difficulties have been met and largely on this religious and educational scheme. Itwas overcome. The enthusiasm of a united, group not until the currents of thought from Europe and working in a common program has overcome the North America began flowing into Latin America lack of support, and has usually developed leaderthat one finds a noticeable change in the attitudes ship. The national organizations in Mexico, Uruof Latin American States. The cultural revolu- guay and Argentina have achieved notable results tion followed slowly and long after the physical in promoting the cause of Christ. They have fir.evolution that cut the ties with Spain. nanced their own program, published their own literature, launched their own social reform move- Gradually the logic of religious liberty, the ments and have proven their vital Christian spirit. riecessjty of public education, the development of Latin American literature and culture opened the Religious education from the pulpit has suffered way .for changes, more radical and fundamental from a lack of well-trained, educationally-minded to 'the social life of Latin America than mere preachers. In most new missionary work it is change ofgovel'nment. For several generations necessary to employ preachers whose zeal often the Roman Catholic religion continued as the State outruns their knowledge. Missionaries frequently religion, but within the' past generation we have supplied this lack to some extent. seen the severing of this relationship in country ~ter country, and wherever the Church and State Drawbacks to effective religious education remain united, as in the Argentine, Bolivia, Peru fortunately do not completely fill the picture. and other republics, absolute religious liberty has From the Rio Grande to Tierra del Fuego the tale been accorded, and public education is under the of real spiritual progress is being told today in direction of the secular power. In some of these improved and largely extended Sunday school countries religious education by the Catholic efforts, in vigorous youth movements, in leaderclergy is still permitted as part of the public school ship training developments for preachers and lay curriculum. Such teaching is formal instruction leaders, in an increasing effectiveness of Protesin dogmatics, and both parents and pupils are out tant publications, and in the growing recognition of sympathy with this type of religious education. on the part of Protestant groups that religious The majority of Latin American countries have education is fundamentally as necessary to the absolutely divorced religion from education, and continued life and vigor of the Church as any the representatives of the Church on one side, and other phase of church activity. of public education on the other, are often hostile camps instead of allies in the building of stronger One of the most promising developments has been the cooperative effort on the part of a group citizens. of denominations to develop an indigenous cur- In later years Protestantism has been some- riculum of religious education for all Latin Amer- ica. In the course of seven years, cooperating what responsible for this separation. Preaching groups have been formed in Mexico, the Caribindividual liberty and responsibility to God to a bean region and South America to prepare these people steeped in authoritarianism, has its dan- materials for use in church, church schools, Sungers. Breaking down established traditions of re- day schools, youth organizations, and for pioneer ligious authority has had good and bad effects; work among unreached peoples. and we might well ask what Protestant teaching

Growth of Religious

..- By REV. CHARLES S. DETWEILER, D.D., New York Secretary for Missions in Latin America, American Baptist Home Mission Society T HE Roman Catholic religion is recognized sionary to Chile, has honorable mention as a as the State Church in Colombia, Venezuela, leader in securing civil marriage and civil ceme- Peru, Bolivia, Paraguay, Argentine, Haiti, teries in that republic. Before his death he ob- Dominican Republic, and Costa Rica. A peculiar tained an interpretation of the constitution that situation obtains in Guatemala, where there is a amounted to a guarantee of religious liberty. Dr.

concordat between the Republic and the Vatican, Thomas B. Wood, a Methodist missionary, was a under which the Church receives a small annual leader, at first in Paraguay and later in Peru, payment from a government which is strongly to obtain for Prote~tants the sanction of the civil anti-clerical. In this case the union of church and law for the foundation of their families. The state is more theoretical than practical. The fol- marriage oftwo Protestant foreigners in Lima in lowing governments have decreed separation of 1897 almost became an international incident.

church and state in the years as given: Mexico, Peruvian authorities declared the marriage in- 1857; Honduras, 1880; EI Salvador, 1886; Bra- valid because it had been celebrated in accordance zil, 1891; Nicaragua, 1894; Cuba, 1901; Pan- with Protestant rites. Newspapers in the United ama, 1904; Ecuador, 1906; and most recent of States published editorials with regard to the all, Chile, 1925. crying need of liberalizing the laws of South All of these countries inherited traditions of American states, and the President of the United intolerance from the time when they were colo- States was asked to use his influence with the nies of Spain. It was the policy of the mother governments of certain South American states in country to prevent at all costs the entrance of behalf of our citizens. Finally, after much oppoheretical ideas, and to this end commercial inter- sition of the clerical party, a civil marriage~law course with her colonies was limited to Spanish- was passed by the Congress of Peru.

built and Spanish-owned vessels. The immigra- Liberty to preach and to establish Protestant tion of foreigners was prohibited, and a Spaniard churches was far more difficult to win, and cost might embark for the Americas only after pre- the blood of martyrs. Noteworthy among these senting evidence that he was an orthodox Catholic. was the humble colporteur from Argentine, Jose This protection against heresy was further rein- Mongeardino, who in 1877 took the Bible into forced by the establishment of the Inquisition; Bolivia, and was assassinated for his pains. In at the opening of the nineteenth century there 1890 the Rev. Francisco Penzotti, an agent of the were tribunals of the Holy Office in Lima (Peru), American Bible Society, suffered imprisonment Cartagena (Colombia), and in the City of Mexico. for eight months in Lima for his missionary activ- These functioned until 1813. No book could be ities. A few years previous to that event he and printed in the Americas except by consent of the the Rev. A. M. Milne were denied admission to government. The ships of all Protestant nations Ecuador and were told by the customs official that must have been classed as pirates, for in the six- as long as Chimborazo stood, the Bible would be teenth century a law was enacted, providing for kept out of that republic. Ten years later a revo- the seizure of heretical books that might have lution occurred which brought the Liberals into been introduced by "pirates." power, and the door has been kept open for the After independence the struggle for religious Bible ever since.

liberty began in an effort to secure for foreigners Ecuador's history is an example ·of what has the right of maintaining their own worship and been a frequent occurrence in other republics; for the interment of their dead in public ceme- she has had presidents whose ideas of liberty and teries. This soon led to the extension of this right tolerance have been far in advance of the people.

to natives who might have professed some other In 1835 President Rocafuerte brought a Quaker than the Roman Catholic faith. The name of the to Quito and put him in charge of a school, but RP-v. David Trumbull, the first evangelical mis- was unable to maintain him there against the [477 ]

popular outcry. In the early years of this cen- all other churches. It seems to be natural for tury President Alfaro commissioned the Rev. the Latin American mind to pursue policies to Thomas B. Wood, of Lima, Peru, to equip three illogical limits and to provoke issues that admit normal schools with American teachers, agreeing of no compromise. In its effort to destroy the in the 'contract that they should be protected in political power of the Roman· Catholic Church, the right of teaching the Protestant religion out- the Government of Mexico has proposed to "de- side of school hours. Missionary teachers were fanaticize" the people, and has gone to the ex- brought from Chile for these schools, and contin- treme limit of imposing a "socialistic education"

ued for some years, but they were not able to do upon all the youth in public or private schools.

what they had expected to do outside of school The leaders of the State have boldly proposed to hours. In Venezuela Prof. Mecham tells of an take possession of the consciences of children and anti-clerical president, Guzman Blanco, who "in uproot religious ideas. Apparently unaware of, the hope of seeing Protestantism take root and or unwilling to recognize, any contradiction be- prosper in Venezuela, offered one of the confis- tween these decrees and its profession of religious cated churches to the Protestants, but as there liberty, it has even forbidden the use of the mails was no organization to accept the offer it was to religious publications. Freedom of worship and of propaganda is limited to the interior of church buildings, and no more church edifices may be built. Meetings in homes or in rented build- ings are illegal. Barriers have thus been erected against the further spread of the Gospel in Mex- ico except through private personal work.

The one item of Mexico's anti-clerical program most likely to be adopted by other republics is that which limits a religious ministry to native- born citizens. In Ecuador and in EI Salvador the immigration individually or collectively of foreign religious clergy is prohibited. This is now inter- preted as applying only to Roman Catholic priests and nuns. In Guatemala the entrance of foreign clergy of any religious cult is prohibited. This has made it impossible to send in new Protestant CHILIAN MISSION SCHOOL GIRLS missionaries, although replacements have been allowed and no obstacle is placed in the way of withdrawn." This was in 1874. The next in- those returning from furloughs. In Venezuela a stance of this kind occurred in Guatemala in law "prohibiting the entrance into the republic 1882. President Barrios asked the Presbyterian of foreigners dedicated to the service of any cult Board of Foreign Missions to open a mission in or religion" has been enforced in recent years that republic. "To show his interest the presi- against Protestant missionaries. These prohibi- dent paid the traveling expenses of the first mis- tions in at least one country arose from a desire sionaries, Rev. and Mrs. John C. Hill, provided to prevent the influx of priests who were refugees them with a place to live, and sent his own chil- of the revolution in Spain. They are also a mani- dren to the mission school which was established." festation of growing nationalism, in which the This mission has continued and prospered down immigration laws of the United States have to the present time. Many instances could be served as an example.

cited of governments that were determined to The attitude of the Mexican Government to- guarantee religious liberty and to protect the ward all religions should not cause us to forget right of Protestant preachers, and who promptly that in the greater part of Latin America there moved to prevent the unlawful interruption of is the fullest freedom for missionary activity. It their meetings. But effective religious liberty is an amazing reversal of history for the Roman has had to be won from the people by an exhibi- Catholic Church in Latin America to assume the tion of the spirit of meekness in suffering perse- role of the protagonist of religious liberty. There cution. In Mexico alone, more than sixty Prot- is no indication that she stands for liberty for all estant believers have laid down their lives as religions. The fact that her own children are victims of Catholic mobs. turning against her affords no comfort or encour- Now in recent years we are witnessing a grow- agement to Evangelical missions, but it rather ing movement of opposition of governments to urges us to press with more vigor the work of the Roman Catholic Church, which is involving evangelization while there is yet an open door.

ADMINISTRATION BUILDING OF WARD COLLEGE, BUENOS AYRES, CONDUCTED BY

DISCIPLES OF CHRIST AND THE ME'THODISTS Cooperation and Unity in Latin America By REV. WEBSTER E. BROWNING, PH.D., D.UTT., Buenos Ayres FORTY years ago, when the writer was about were altogether innocent of architectural embel- to begin his life work in Latin America, the lishments. word "cooperation" had not been written into As the natural result of this opportunist method current ecclesiastical vocabularies. of occupation, there was much overlapping of Those were the halcyon days of an accentuated territory and duplication of forces. Buildings of denominationalism, and the church board that rival denominations, even in small towns, were projected its work into a foreign field was obliged sometimes closely grouped together or near- to keep before its representatives in that land the just as in our home towns and villages-and a urgent need of lengthening its own rolls and sectarian press, instead of attacking, as common strengthening its peculiar bulwarks. Contrib- enemies, the religious indifference and extreme utors to the venture expected practical returns fanaticism of the period, soon found itself engaged from their investment, and the failure to report in a spirited exchange of theological amenities such gains with due regularity might have endan- that were not always complimentary, but must gered the financial support of the missionary. have given great joy to onlookers from the side- As a consequence, the occupation of the field lines.

was hasty and opportunist. With no previous However, early in the present century, better consultation among themselves, and with but a counsels began to prevail and one could note, here superficial understanding of the real needs of the and there, faint indications that gave promise of field, the various denominations, during the sec- future cooperation in what was slowly coming to ond half of the past century, occupied the most be recognized as a common task. Small groups easily accessible and most promising centers of of theological students, sometimes meeting at population in Latin America, leaving the vast different hours, in the same classrooms, but kept and then almost unknown hinterland of the con- carefully apart by their instructors, were united; tinent to the outcome of future contingencies. mutual attacks in the press became less frequent; Each of these denominations at once estab- and a partial though still reluctant consent was lished schools, began the publication of literature slowly won for the doctrine that good missionary that explained the unusual merits of its peculiar strategy demands mutual consideration in the 10- tenets, and undertook the preaching of the Gos- cation of denominational activities and equip- pel from pulpits hastily set up in buildings that ment.

[479 ]

The Edinburgh Congress, in 1910, had, for rea- complished in setting forward the Evangelical sons then considered valid, rej ected the considera- movement in South America since the Congress tion of problems related to missionary work in of Panama, held nine years before. The findings, lands where the Roman Catholic Church was dom- published in both English and Spanish, showed inant, and this attitude resulted in the calling, in great advance during that time and gave encour- 1916, of a special congress for the study of re- agement for the future.

ligious conditions in Latin America. This con- 3. A financial campaign in the United States, gress, held in Panama, was most opportune, in on behalf of educational institutions in South that it confirmed the little that had been done by America, known as Educational Advance, was ter- venturesome spirits and, by opening new avenues minated in 1930, and gave entirely new equipment for the exploration and application of the prin- to Ward College, in Argentina; the International ciples of cooperation, at once lifted the whole College, in Paraguay; Santiago College and In- question above the horizon and into the full light stitute Ingles, in Chile; the High School for Girls, of day. in Peru, and the American College for Boys, in The Committee on Cooperation in Latin Amer- Colombia, in addition to helping other institutions. ica, whose duties were to be similar to those of 4. A Committee on' Cooperation in Santo Dothe Continuation Committee of the Edinburgh Congress, was organized in Panama, on adjourn- mingo was formed several years ago, under the ment of the Congress, and, since that time, per- auspiees of the larger entity, by the several sociesuasively and consistently, has kept before its ties working in that island, by the pooling of their constituent groups, as also before the general pub- resources and the initiation of a union program lic, the absolute necessity of cooperation, if the for the promotion of educational, evangelistic, Evangelical churches in Latin America are to medical and literary work. As a result of this advance their work or even hold what has already organization, there is now but one recognizedly been won. important Evangelical Church in Santo Domingo, which counts on the hearty 'and sympathetic help Some Special Projects of the Committee of government and other authorities as it carries forward its fourfold program.

There is neither need nor space, in this article, 5. A Continental Program of Evangelization is to tell the full story of what has been accom- a more recent undertaking of the Committee, for plished by this Committee, in the now almost the purpose of making the Gospel known to the twenty years since its organization, but reference great unchurched class in Latin America, whose may be made to a number of special projects contact with Evangelical Christianity has been which have been organized and promoted under but slight or entirely lacking, and whose soul hun- its auspices. ger has found no satisfaction in the ministrations 1. The publication of La Nueva Democracia, a of the dominant church. This campaign, conmonthly magazine, in Spanish, which serves a ducted by a gifted evangelist, an Argentine by highly intellectual class Qf readers, giving them, birth, has already been carried into Colombia, as does no other publication, in their language, a Peru, Chile, Argentina and Uruguay, with en- Christian interpretation of present-day problems. couraging results. This magazine has been well received by government and educational authorities, throughout the 6. To work in connection with the Central Comcontinent, and, because of its vital and Christian mittee on Cooperation, whose offices are in New approach to questions of public interest, has done York City, a number of regional committees were much toward the creation of a friendly atmos- soon organized, in the most strategic centers, each phere for the development of Evangelical work. of which has contributed largely to the spread of the principles of cooperation in its own area and Many books have also been written by the sec- has cultivated many projects of a local nature retaries of the Committee, or prepared under which have created a better understanding among their direction, which deal sympathetically with the various denominations.

social, economic and religious problems in His- Local Situations panic America. A reference to a few of these cooperative un- dertakings in each of the various large areas will 2. In 1925, a Congress on Christian Work, with help the reader to understand more fully how, special reference to South America, was organ- widely the principle of cooperation has now exized and met in Montevideo, Uruguay. The pur- tended throughout the continent. pose of this congress was the study of problems that had, emerged in this part of the Americas, Mexico, in the far north, has always been fer- in the aftermath of the World War, and, more tile in the production of religious problems. A especially, the evaluation of what had been ac- thoroughly sectarian attitude characterized the

COOPERATION AND UNITY IN LATIN AMERICA

Evangelical churches working in that country, for cooperate with those of other denominations; many years, but, in 1919, a plan was adopted by (d) the distressingly large number of small and the various boards which established primary ter- independent groups, almost invariably under the ritorial responsibility, merged a number of com- control of leaders who are militant Fundamenpetitive printing presses and periodicals, and talists and hopelessly sectarian; and (e) the surorganized a Union Theological Seminary. prising fact that, as a general rule, the national ministers are less inclined to practice cooperation In Central America, where a Conference on than are the missionaries. This is probably due Cooperation was held, in Guatemala City, in 1920, to the fact that cooperation is too often looked delimitations of territory and definite commit- upon as something exotic and, hence, under susments, as outlined at that time, are still respected pICIOn. Also, many of the leading nationals of and the two large denominations, Presbyterians today were trained by missionaries of the old and the Central America Mission, work together school in whose terminology cooperation had no in full harmony. place.

In Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, Peru, Boliv- Definite Results ia and Chile, there is no official office or secretary for the promotion of cooperation among' the vari- Nevertheless, in spite of these and other obstaous denominations, but, in all these countries, a cles to its progress, cooperation has made some good spirit prevails and, in some of them, there is act.ual cooperation. In Peru, three bodies coop- AN INTEIWENOMINATIONAL YOUNG PE.OPLE'S SUMMER erate in the publication ofRenacimiento, an evan- INSTITUTE', BUENOS AYRES gelical mo:nthly magazine, and the same groups sustain a union Bible School. In Chile, the Meth- very definite advance, and the following special odists and Presbyterians have a definite under- results may be mentioned: standing as to territorial occupation, so that overlapping is avoided, maintain a Union Seminary, (a) Opportunism has very generally disapand also have a friendly understanding as to peared, giving place to a more modern and more other activities. Christian strategy in the occupation of the field; (b) mutual recrimination in the Evangelical press In Argentina, the Disciples of Christ and the has almost disappeared, several rival organs of Methodists unite in maintaining Ward College, a publicity having been merged, in the interests of high-grade institution that registers about five both harmony and economy; (c) educational inhundred students in all sections, and a Union stitutions have also been merged, in a number of Seminary, which is also attended by students cases, thus forming one strong school instead of from other denominations. There are, too, a two or three weak ones; (d) a continental cam- Training School for young women which, al- paign of evangelism, now being conducted, is altothough sustained by the Women's Foreign Mis- gether nondenominational; (e) and, best of all, no sionary Society of the Methodist Episcopal doubt, the far-flung Evangelical work of the con- Church, is open to students of all Evangelical tinent, under the influence of this new spirit of groups and numbers on its faculty men and wom- friendly comity and cooperation, has regained en of different denominations; a union bookstore, much of the fascination of a great adventure as organized and maintained by some eight cooper- we go forward, in unity of spirit, to the God-given ating bodies; and a number of other organiza- task of making a nonsectarian Christ known to tions which care for work among the young peo- the peoples of Latin America, thus bringing appreple, for women, etc. ciably nearer the realization of His own prayer that we may be one, even as He and the Holy Brazil, in some ways, excels all other countries Father are one. of Latin America in the amount of Evangelical work done within its borders, and the spirit of cooperation is strong. An Evangelical Federation has recently been formed, in which six denominations, six missionary organizations, and three societies cooperate. Cooperation is car~d for through a section of this confederation.

Obstacles in the Way of Cooperation The principal obstacles in the path of cooperation are: (a) The swiftly rising tide of false nationalism; (b) the religious inheritance of the people in which there is no element of comity or cooperation; (c) the insistent refusal of a few mission boards to allow their representatives to

of the Printed Page*

By the REV. H. C. TUCKER, D.D., Rio de Janeiro, Brazil 'Agent of the American Bible Society Christian and Anti-Christian Literature A Brazilian of note wrote a few years ago under THE statement is made in Sartor Resartus: the caption, "What Our Fathers Read": "He who first shortened the labor o~ copyi.sts by device of moveable type was dIsbandmg "If the French, notwithstanding they are Cathhired armies and cashiering most Kings and Senates and creating a whole new democratic world: olic, yet read considerably, it. is due not only to he had invented the art of printing." the direct inheritance of LatIn culture and the In this new democratic age the press has become a most efficient and widely used agency for Renaissance, but to the influence of Calvinism, communicating both truth and falsehood; it is a power both for good and evil. ~arlyle says: "The very strong there in the sixteenth century, and true university of these days IS a collectIon of also to the spirit of Gallican independence. For books." The Protestant Christian movement, carrying a there can be no doubt that the Reformation by Book that contains its message for the world, re- the obligation imposed upon the faithful to read gards the printed page as an indispensable agency in the accomplishment of its task. The work of the Bible to which Latin Catholicism was always reducing spoken languages to written systems has in view the use of the printed page for setting hostile, dreated in modern Europe the habit of and transmitting information. Teaching the illiterate to read is consequently an outstanding reading; and this explains why the Protestant part of missionary endeavor. nations have much more this habit than the Cath- The discoverers and settlers of the New World found here tribes without any knowledge of let- olic. To learn to read is to the Protestant a reters or of literature. Teaching them to read was not a feature specially emphasized in the early ligious necessity; for his religious culture deattempts to civilize these indigenous elements. Consquently the percentage of illiteracy has been pends almost exclusively on the reading of the large and only in recent years is this being reduced at an encouraging pace. Official statistics, Bible. For the Catholic it is unnecessary as the statements in the press and public addresses justify the following from sympathetic writers, oral lesson suffices for his religious edification, who have observed for years in South America. One writes: even though given in a language he does not "Various estimates of illiteracy run from forty understand. The real causes why we read so little to ninety per cent, the average literacy being kept down by the millions of untaught Indians. Com- are those given in my previous article-the influpulsory school attendance laws are unenforcable for lack of equipment and teachers, and there are ence of Catholicism after the Reformation, hosstill multitudes of children wandering about the streets without a chance to acquire even the three tile to reading and distrustful of books."

A priest publishes this statement: "For a long time, it must be admitted, the Gospel was for the Catholics a closed book, an unknown book, and for this reason the God of the Gospel is becoming an unknown God. Even among pious persons, among those who most closely seek to follow Jesus Christ, there are few who read the Gospel."

Dr. John A. Mackay well writes: "The Roman Catholic hierarchy accepted the responsibility of forbidding the pUblication and circulation of the Holy Scriptures in Latin America. This measure prevented these republics having access to the only book that could have brought new life to their people through a radical rethinking of life as a whIot lee~calnuddesdo prepare them for true democ- racy. from the thought life of Latin America the greatest known stimulus to popular education."

R's." The printed page, presenting the Gospel mes- ' Another says: "Literacy in some countries sage, faces also the charge that the Bi?le contains drops as low as fifteen per cent." only a part of the truth. Latin AmerIcan peoples – – – • In attempting to write of the printed page in the Christian mis- have been taught that there is a body of essential religious truth unwritten, held alone by the IiIndsiroanwanrylaregnetleyrpfrriosme BinrazLila,tisnincAemmeyricoab,sefravcattsI,Onanadndfiegxupreesr,ienmcuesht avbee fallible Church and only handed on to men ora y. btheaenn ifnarotmhoerrepeaxrttsenosfivetheincothnitsinceonutn.-trHy. fCo,r Tn.early a half century [482 ] This tradition is deeply imbedded in the minds of In recent years, when a changed attitude with many throughout the continent. reference to the reading of the Bible by the peo- ple has been forced upon ecclesiastical authorities, The priest above quoted wrote: "Protestantism some editors have printed consecutively passages teaches that all the truths of faith are to be found of Scripture texts, generally taken from an unin the sacred Scriptures, and that we all have the authorized Roman Catholic version. right of interpreting them, according to the light of the Holy Spirit. While combating this dan- From the very beginning the Protestant Chrisgerous and deadly doctrine, prolific mother of in- tian mission has made special use of the printed numerable extravagant sects, contradicting them- page in the work. The missionary with the Bible selves, the Church does not purpose depriving us in hand offers it to all who can read and emphaof the Bible, always, on the other hand, con- sizes the opportunity and duty of searching the sidered as a luminous and most abundant foun- Scriptures to find eternal life and light upon the tain of divine revelation. On the contrary, not pathway and problems of life. only does the Church recommend, with importunity, the reading of the sacred books, but more- There are several Protestant printing presses over grants many indulgences to all those who at and publishing houses in South America sending least for a quarter of an hour read a passage of the Gospels." What Does South America Need Most?

The Cardinal Archbishop oj Rio de Janeiro in a letter to his clergy, authorizing and recommending the reading of the Scriptures re-edited by Franciscan Monks in the vernacular tongue, says, "At the moment in which we write these words of approval and apology of the work of popularizing the reading of the Holy Gospels, we judge it convenient to make them very clear, that our attitude can never be confounded with the propaganda that our separated brethren, the Protestants, are very actively making. No; they, faithful to their principles, wish to substitute the Gospels for the Church; they claim to find directly and exclusively in the Gospels the dogma of faith and the rules of living."

The Press and the Gospel Reprinted by courtesy of the Christian Worken Magazine Dr. Abdel Ross Wentz, in "Across the Barriers of Language," states eloquently a historic fact out an increasing number of tracts, books and when he says, "with Luther's translation the periodical literature containing matter and mesprinting press discovered the Bible, took it on its sages for the enlightenment and enrichment of wings and flew with it over the face of the earth. the mind and heart of the believing community It was not long until the Scriptures were making and for the evangelization of the masses who can their appearance in millions of copies each year." read. Schools are established to make wider use This miracle is being wrought throughout Latin of the printed page; children and illiterate adults America. are taught to read, and are induced to provide themselves with helpful literature and good books. Sections of the secular press in Latin America The printed page makes possible these two sucare favorable to the work of disseminating the cessful branches of missionary work, and appeals Gospel among the people. Some have opened for its increasingly wider use. Many have been their columns to Evangelical writers on religious induced to read a Bible, a New Testament or a topics, requesting generally that controversial and religious tract, who, for reasons not difficult to dogmatic subjects be avoided. These writers have understand, would not enter a hall or a church not been able generally to make use of these privi- to listen to the preacher's spoken message. The leges consecutively for a very long time since pub- rapid spread of education, an intellectual renaislishers have been advised to close their columns sance evident everywhere, and the multiplication to such communications under threat of seeing of printing presses continually open wider doors their circulation decrease. Even when Protestant writers have contracted to pay for space the threat of religious boycott has lead editors to cancel agreements.

for the entrance of the Gospel message by means received striking testimonies to the value of the of the printed page. work of Bible distribution. Many churches, now vigorous and growing, trace their origin to a copy The report of the World Sunday School Con- of the Scriptures carried far beyond the range of vention at Zurich truly says: "There is no greater the missionary and making for itself a lodging in missionary agency in Latin America than the some believing heart." Bible and no greater need than the circulation and study of it. We should give our help to all the Christian and Anti-Christian Literature agencies which are promoting the publication and distribution of the Scriptures in Latin America." Reference has been made already to the place and production in the Protestant movement. The Dr. John A. Mackay says: "The Bible was the variety and quantity of Christian literature availpioneer of the Evangelical movement in Latin able in South America is quite inadequate to meet America. Scarcely had Latin America attained the needs. Most of what appeared in the earlier political freedom when parcels of Bibles in Span- stages of the work were translations and producish and Portuguese began to be deposited in South tions from the pens of missionaries. In recent American ports by Christian sea captains." Per- years national writers are editing the church usal of reports of Bible societies and Protestant papers and Sunday school literature and are writmissions will enable the reader "to calculate the ing Evangelical books and tracts. Lack of funds forces of the spiritual impact represented by the discourages many who would otherwise supply coming of the Book of Books" to Latin America. material to meet the needs. Notwithstanding this drawback progress is being made in the quantity Writing of the mission and work of Bible so- and quality of Protestant Christian literature. The cieties he says: "These heralds of the Word and situation furnishes a great opportunity to those the Evangelical Church behind them can be satis- who might contribute of their means to print and fied with no less an ideal than the fulfilment of spread the Gospel and to build the Kingdom of the Chilean poetess, Gabriella Mistral's desire, Christ in the heart and life of Latin America. when she says, 'My passion for the Bible is perhaps the only bridge that unites me with the On the other hand the multiplication of print- Anglo-Saxon race, the piece of common soil on ing facilities throughout Latin America have which I find myself at home with this race. . . . made it possible to use the printed page to spread Some day I hope to see the essential Book in every positivism (the philosophy of Augusto Comte South American Catholic home-the Book which which takes the form of religion), spiritism, thecan as little be done without as our faces, which osophy, and various other cults. Such books, is as logical a necessity as our names-just as I pamphlets and other pUblications are found in see it in every North American home, where it abundance in bookstores and news stands of the meets us with its holy and familiar counte- cities and towns throughout South America. Many nance.' " are anti-Christian in teaching and are hostile to Christianity. The materialistic interpretaton of Many Evangelical churches throughout the life finds expression in a considerable measure country date their origin from a copy of the Bible and immorality in various forms of expression left in the hands of an individual. A Baptist mis- also seizes upon the printed page for its nefarious sionary evangelist writes: "In nine years of purposes. Pornographic literature of the vilest active service in the far interior I have never yet type is circulated privately and now and then gone into a place where the Bible had not pre- forces itsltlf in show windows and on counters to ceded me, preparing the hearts of the people for contaminate the public. Police authorities in rethe preaching of the Gospel." cent years are vigilant and active in their efforts to suppress the exhibition and sale of such One man had a Bible for about twenty years printed matter. before he met a Protestant preacher. When the missionary first visited the community he found The influence of the daily paper is a striking eighteen men and women who had experienced feature of the present-day life of Latin American conversion and were ready for baptism. They countries. Rio de Janeiro boasts of not less than were running a little day school to teach their ten popular morning and five afternoon papers, children to read the Bible. besides several daily sheets of less importance. Other Latin American cities and towns show a The religious question in Brazil is being fo- similar record. Some are anti-Christian in atticused more and more about the written Word of tude and most of these papers are under no domi- God. The Bible proves its spiritual value to those nant Christian purpose or control, except as it who read and meditate on its divine truths. The may be for political purposes. Many of the papers Book is finding its way into the libraries, coun- will, however, publish Evangelical news and other cils and courts of the country and is beginning to reading matter, including Bible passages. exert its influence upon the laws of the Republic.

A traveler who recently visited Brazil wrote: "From missionaries of various denominations I

Youth in Mexico

, By PROF. GONSALO BAEZ .CAMARGO General Secretary of Christian Education, Mexico City D EEP and powerful forces, springing up groups of Christian young people are thinking from the depths of human nature and his- and doing everywhere. Let me tell of a few signs tory, are eagerly seeking to remodel the clearly indicative that the Evangelical youth of world. Old traditions and concepts, and stand- Mexico is coming,up to face the opportunities and ards of behavior are being exposed to bitter criti- responsibilities of the present hour, when matecism. It is indeed an age of rebellion against the rialistic un-Christian forces are seeking to grasp past and of anxious searching for new ways to the control of the process through which a new substitute for the ways of old. Bold experiments nation is coming into existence. in ethics and social organization are coming to be the fashion of the day. It is almost taken for The National Union of Ohristian Youth granted that to be modern means to be uncon- For a long time a dispersed and divided Evan- cerned about the foundamentals of a good life, to gelical youth has been one of the main sins of delet loose the inner restraints that make for virtue nominationaIism in Mexico. As heirs of the traand self-control, to disparage all that was held ditions of their elders, the young people of the sacred by the previous generation. Even if we churches have been led into indifference or even confess to everything that was unsound and fal- prejudice and bitterness towards the members of lacious in the ethical standards of the past, it is other denominations. But for many years, here none the less true that the present generation is and there, a few enlightened leaders of youth have misinterpreting sincerity as cynicism. It is an been patiently endeavoring to bring the young age that still has to learn the enormous difference people of all denominations closer together and between a saint and a hypocrite, between a sin- to direct their energies in a united front attack cere, honest, simple-minded man and a cynic. on common problems. At last, in 1933, a national An age of change and misguided rebellion assembly of young people from eight different against what is conventional and unfounded, is denominations decided to constitute themselves also an age that calls both for plasticity and es- into a national Union of Christian Young People.

sential goodness. Plasticity is an urgent need if The Union issued a call to the youth of all deone is to find the right way amidst a changing nominations. The following excerpt from this world. To be stagnant and unreceptive, to close document will explain the central aim of the tight the windows of the spirit in the face of en- movement: "The Christian youth of Mexico … larging horizons, has always been a dangerous adopts as the principle and foundation of its work policy; but in the present world it is indeed espe- the following: cially deadly. It means to commit suicide. But "'To present the message of the Gospel of the living Christ to all the Mexican nation without distinction, agto be plastic alone does not save. There is only gressively and bravely, . . . considering as central the th b' dd d value of human personality and its salvation in Christ one thmO g at amounts to emg ea an that Jesus as the ultimate and supreme objective; to work for is being shaken and driven to and fro by every the application of Christian teachings and standards of behavior in all the realms of human life.' " wind. The newest has never been a safe criterion for the best. Plasticity must be directed and con- trolled by a deep capacity to recognize and follow Every year since, the Union has held a national what is really beautiful, and true, and good, and congress or convention. Their leaders keep by the ability to discover the essential and perma- abreast of present-day issues. Financial limitanent and highest values both in the old and in the tions have made the practical work slow and re- new. stricted. But the original note struck by the Youth is plasticity.' Christianity is capacity to Union has not been toned down and the movement discover the highest good and loyalty to it. We is gradually gaining strength.

may safely assert, then, that the present age is The Mexican laws prohibit any kind of religious a most strategical opportunity for the thought teaching in private schools. Refusing, as a matand action of Christian youth all over the world. ter of conscience, to subscribe to an educational It is encouraging to hear fresh reports of what policy not only neutral, but in a certain sense, [485 ]

even contrary to Christian faith, most of the tion and" direction of a national scout movement.

Evangelical schools have decided to close. This Using a native scout program called the "Tribes fact is making the Evangelical work face an en- of Mexican Scouts" or tequihuas (Indian name tirely new situation with regard to young people for scout) as a basis and infusing into it t~e in general and students in particular. The prob- Christian building of character, Mr. Velasco IS lem is how to extend the Christian influence to working out a fine educational program for adol- this promising section of the youth of the nation. ethsceenGt~nebroayls and girls. Under the auspices of Department of Christian Education One of the most interesting new agencies that are gradually emerging to take the place, to. ~ cer- he has organized several "tribes" (scout troops) tain extent only, of course, of the tradItIonal Evangelical school, now practically obsolete, is in churches and Christian hostels. This is anbeing tried out by Mr. T. B. Reifsnyder, a Pr~s­ byterian missionary. Using a fine group of ChrIs- other agency which in due time will take over a good proportion of the opportunities and respon- sibilities of the former Evangelical schools.

tian students, attending the public superior The Salvationist Patrol schools and the university, as a nucleus of influence, Mr. Reifsnyder gathers together once or Inspired by the work of the Salvation Army, twice a week a number of students for informal but in a real indigenous form, a young Christian discussion of religious topics. The meetings are leader, Mr. Alejandro Guzman, has organized held in the private dormitory of one of the alumni "The Salvationist Patrol," men and women who of an Evangelical school. Inquirers are welcomed have felt God's call to minister to the physical and encouraged, and the Christian boys speak of and spiritual needs of the underdogs in one of their belief and experience in a friendly and in- Mexico City's most vicious suburbs. Their work timate way. is a successful combination of social service and evangelistic soul winning. They have their head- Camp Work Among Young People quarters in one of the Evangelical churches, and For many years the Y. M. C. A. has been con- their groups of patrolmen and women are conducting camps for its members. The Y. M. C. A. stantly on duty day and night. also is operating a camp for girls. The General They do not wait for people to come, but go Department of Christian Education (interdenominational) started a camp work with the defi- out and seek the needy ones. They see that abannite purpose of training Christian leaders or the young people of the churches, and for extension doned, diseased people receive proper medical work among the non-Christian youth. Camp Tlanextepec-Indian name for "The Mount of the care, either through free home treatment by a doc- Dawn"-was established for the purpose in a beautiful spot on the slopes of snow-capped Mount tor or, in most cases, by arranging a place in the Ixtaccihuatl, some fifty miles from Mexico City. The first camp was opened in the spring of 1931, public hospital for them. They keep mformed of and for five consecutive years it has been in operation. Leadership Training Camps for boys and poor expectant mothers and make provision for girls, Intermediate Camps, a Father and Son Camp and a Christian Workers' (pastors and sem- free assistance by a midwife or doctor. And inary students) Camp have been held. Attendance at the three Leaders' Camps and the study all of these services are pervaded by the evangelof a six-units Training Course gives the right to a Young People's Leader Diploma. Fourteen istic passion, and new converts have been made campers have received such a diploma. through their instrumentality. They feel very The campers have organized themselves into two societies, the "Citlalpol" (meaning "Rain of happy, for instance, when they can point to old Stars") for girls, and the "Teotecuhtlis" (God's Knights) for boys. These organizations are help- Mrs. whom they picked up from the street, ing to tighten the bonds of fellowship among the campers and to develop the experiences of camp a drug addict, and now a regenerated woman and into practical Christian life and service. The movement is now well rooted, and is resulting faithful member of the local church. in great inspiration and stronger consecration. The self-denial of this fine group of young peo- ple, only about a dozen, is amazing. They sacrifice all they can on behalf of the needy ones. This work is supported by gifts from friends, and al- though sometimes the financial problem is very acute, they bravely carryon.

This is but a glimpse of the great opportunities and responsibilities that the youth of Mexico are learning to face and meet. There are terrific rumors abroad of the religious situation in Mex- ico. As a matter of fact, whatever the issues of the situation may be, one thing stands out as one goes over the reaction of the Evangelical churches to it; and that is, that the Evangelical youth is beginning to answer the challenge of the situation One of the Tlanextepec leaders, a Teotecuhtli, and is stepping forward to take a leading part in Mr. Nelson Velasco, is undertaking the organiza- the salvation of the country.

In Chile In the Early

-·<lijfll By LAURA JORQUERA, Santiago, Chile II~- T HE first An3'lo-Saxon to set foot in Chile dary. Their children, born in Chilean territory, came in 1819, the year that Queen Victoria according to her laws were citizens of Chile. That was born. She was my great-grandmother, meant that the children must be baptized in the and the first Protestant to establish her home in Roman Catholic Church and their names inscribed this land. in the parish registers. But their parents took She had adventurers' blood in her veins, and this as only a civil rite, and had everyone of belonged to that German family which gave to those children rebaptized as soon as an opportu- the Roman Catholic hierarchy the greatest of her nity came.

Popes, Gregory the Great. This family was A few happy years went by and then something among the first to embrace the Reformed faith else came to worry the parents. Every school was and when persecution broke out in the realm of either directly under the priests' or nuns' control Charles the Fifth, the Hildebrandts escaped to or its religious instruction was under a priest. England and took the name of Hilburn. As the This meant that every child had to go to confeswife of Jesse Taylor, an English officer, dainty sion, to confirmation and holy communion, be- Sarah Ann Hilburn came to the new world to sides being obliged to attend religious services, make her home in Chile. novenas, processions, etc. Not to do so meant public affront and expulsion from the school. Thus Chile was still in the throes of her war for the three little daughters and only son had only independence from Spain and had only a few their father and mother for teachers. months before fought her last battle. At the request of the Director-General of the new repub- By this time the foreign residents in Valparaiso lic, Lord Cochrane came to organize a navy which were numerous enough to have a burying ground might aid the republics along the west coast of of their own. The English-speaking residents South America to gain their freedom. The ter- also had a chaplain sent out from home, but servrible Inquisition in Lima, Peru, was always ready ices could only be conducted in English, behind to receive heretics to imprison them, and escape closed doors. In Santiago and in other cities those was well nigh impossible. In Chile the Inquisi- who died outside the pale of the Roman Church tion did not function as such, but there was a must be laid outside the public cemetery. The special court which arrested all accused of heresy heretics soon took the custom of burying their and dispatched them to Lima. dead on the eastern slope of the rocky mound known as Santa Lucia, which had been a Spanish Many Anglo-Saxons who came to fight against fortress from the time of Chile's conquest by Spain remained in South America and married Pedro de Valdivia in 1542. On this beautiful hill into native families. Among those who gave their one can now read on a bronze tablet these words: life for the cause of freedom was Jesse Taylor, whose pretty young widow married John Withers, Dedicated to the memory of the outcasts from heaven who had inherited the religious tenets of the and the earth who were here buried…. Scotch Presbyterians. Eventually "the three gringuitas" (little Eng- Those who have never lived in a Roman Cath- lish girls) were married, two of them to Englisholic country, where the Constitution declares that men, one to a German. This meant that their to be the religion of the State, and where the offspring held to their Protestant faith and to priesthood is in command, cannot understand their mother tongue. Their children, being citiwhat it means. My great-grandparents could not zens of the country of their birth, were desirous be married in Chilean territory unless they were of taking advantage of their political and civil first baptized as members of the Catholic Church, rights, and wished to broaden their circle of since the priests were the only ones authorized to friends and activities. They must, therefore, atlegalize a marriage. John Withers and Sarah Ann Hilburn had to wait many long, weary months for tend the national schools and take part in national a British man-of-war to arrive in Valparaiso so affairs.

that the chaplain could marry them on shipboard The boys fared all right, because the schools according to international law. they attended were State establishments and al- Soon they found themselves in another quan- ready religious instruction and requirements were [487 ]

not taken much into account. But there were their religious faith, when they might have been only private schools for girls, and those which educated in the costliest schools, worn fine dresses were not directly under the nuns must have a and jewels and married into the highest circles of priest to teach religion. Every class hour began the land! But they refused every invitation which with the wholesale repetition of the "Hail Mary," might lead to being spirited away to a convent.

four or five "rosaries," and ended with making Entering Politics the sign of the Cross. When a child did not comply with these rules, either the teachers or the Then the children and the grandchildren of pupils or both made "little hell" for her. many Protestant foreigners who had established One day my mother, just twelve years of age, themselves in Chile began to fake a hand in poli- was called to the headmistress' desk and publicly tics. A strong liberal party was established and expelled. When her mother went to inquire as to new laws were advocated. Marriage was sanc- the reason, she was told that any Protestant girl tioned by the civil authorities. A cemetery was was a disgrace to the school. opened where no one could be denied burial; More than once my mother and her sister and births and deaths were registered by the State.

cousins had the same painful experience. When No one must be questioned about his or her re- William Taylor visited Chile in 1878 and proposed ligious beliefs when entering a State establishsending missionary teachers to open English- ment or bureau. It was a long and bitter strug- speaking schools he found a warm reception, gle. Then the State and Church were separated which accounts for the origin of Santiago and and gradually a more tolerant spirit has come.

Concepc;ion Colleges and the American School for Now Evangelicals can have their own churches Boys. and schools; we are not obliged to kneel when One morning, when the sun was scarcely over the Host passes by, and church festivals are not the top of the Cordillera in Santiago, there came so much observed. Protestant Sunday school chil- a great banging and screaming at my grandmoth- dren are not stoned and pelted with mud as my er's house. Aroused out of sleep, they were aston- mother and her sister and cousins used to be !

ished to see some rough-looking men come in, How much, of this new liberty, how many of headed by a priest, who started throwing all the these liberal laws, owe their existence to the in- furniture through the windows or carrying it out fluence of Protestants and to the missionaries can to the street. Grandmother had Scotch blood, only be guessed, but there is one name that stands and was not to be browbeaten in that way. To out clearly, one man whom no one will deny the her indignant inquiries the men replied that she honor of having given his personal work and in- and her family were Protestants and heretics and fluence to such a cause: Dr. David Trumbull, the should be burnt at the stake. The landlord was first ordained pastor who arrived in Chile defi- a firm believer in confession and her priest had nitely to take up the work of evangelization. He given her orders to "put those people in the learned the language well, sought the acquaint- street." But the priest forgot the law, and the ance of prominent men, had a President for his judge made both him and the landowner pay a personal friend, and from him obtained official heavy fine for violating the rights of honest, well- support for the secularization of the birth, mar- paying tenants. riage and death registers. In exchange and ac- Church festivities were constantly interfering cording to his promise to the President, he imme- with business, stopping the traffic with their pro- diately requested his citizenship in the country.

cessions. As a little girl of ten I was often or- To him, more than to anyone else do we present- dered to kneel down in the street when a certain day Evangelicals owe the liberty we enjoy and the little bell rang. My mother's children never knelt hope of still better days to come.

as the Host passed them by, but we did keep quiet. This only refers to political or civil rights and I remember the black looks, the threatening words liberty. It is quite another story when a Roman I heard more than once. Catholic becomes a Protestant. To do so is to Perhaps the hardest thing of all for my grand- escape, literally, from a bondage which only those mother and her young daughters to understand who have experienced it can understand. was the offers made by more than one rich and aristocratic lady to adopt them, and to leave them a fortune if they consented to be baptized as Ro- In spite of all the atheism and indifference that man Catholics. Left a widow as a still young is sweeping Latin Americans off their feet, the woman, with few means of her own, my grand- power of the living Christ, 0 Cristo Vivente, when mother had a hard time to keep her children and once glimpsed, is sufficient to make men say with to hold steadily to her own faith. Her two pretty a certa;n Argentine lawyer, "There will always be girls, intelligent, and with a refined background, room in men's hearts for the personality of Jesus were obliged to work for their living because of Christ."-From "Latin American Backgrounds."

Testimonies to the Living

WHAT OHRIST MEANS TO BRAZILIANS* great inspiration which means a profounder brotherhood. BORN in an Evangelical community, which was already greatly under the influence of Although sincere in their aim, those who national leaders and of the pioneer mission- brought Protestantism to Brazil brought also unaries and their colleagues, we received the first religious impressions in an atmosphere in which, fortunate ecclesiastical divisions; and from that with evident exaggeration, the legal and forensic time they have to some extent stimulated the secaspects of Christianity were presented. Some generations of pastors were educated in this en- tarian spirit which often obscures the feeling of vironment. spiritual unity. It is the inescapable duty of the The emphasis which the unselfish missionaries churches of the present to make a sincere and in Latin America put upon the fundamental doc- continuous effort to remedy the evils of the prestrines was quite reasonable, correcting the excesses, doctrinal errors and practices of the domi- ent, in harmony with the spirit of the Gospel, nant religion. It was necessary to insist upon and as a necessity for the struggle against the the redemption offered on Calvary, as also upon the free nature of salvation and the meaning of enemies of the Kingdom of God. faith. But, as is natural, the emphasis was ex- The spiritual environment in Brazil is not natucessive and we have suffered the consequencesthe religious intellectualism, the spirit of polemics rally favorable to sectarianism. We have ethnical and a certain negligence for other sacred aspects of Christianity. Fortunately one can already factors and ecclesiastical education which for notice a reaction in the direction of a more spiritual interpretation of the religion of Christ which centuries have made Brazilian and Latin Amerseeks not only to save the individual but to solve ica's psychology opposed to the spirit of sepamodern social problems. Quite ample is the salvation which our Divine Redeemer offers us! ratism.

Christianity is for us the religion which sees The reaction to sectarianism is already felt. in Christ the Divine Master, Saviour, and In- The new generation abhors polemics; it is freespirer. There has always been zeal to proclaim the ethical value of Jesus' religion; and we shall ing itself from the obsession of attacking the never forget the good influence exercised upon a generation of theological students who used to dominant Church, and is anxious for a real movehear the preaching from a noble Brazilian Chris- ment in favor of the unification of the Evangelitian leader. cal churches.

As we grow in experience, our conviction be- On the top of the Corcovado Mountain, from comes profounder that only Christ can be our Master and sure Leader and Supreme Inspiration. which one can see a marvelous panorama, includ- "Christ taught little but inspired much," said a ing both the Bay of Guanabara and the city of great writer of the last century. The religious mistakes, the interdenominational struggles, the Rio de Janeiro, is raised the statue of Christ the shortsightedness of many are due to the lack of Redeemer. We hope that its true symbolism will understanding of Christ as the Master Who, with His eternal words, inspires in us that Spirit which be accomplished and that the Living Christ will we can get from no other source. gain the allegiance of the sons of this land. To Jesus Christ is our Great Brother, who reveals to us all the greatness of God's Fatherhood, who Him many will look in search of peace for their is His Father and our Father. He is for us a hearts, light for their soul, and inspiration for • It Is not possible, within the limits allowed us, to give even a life and sacrifice! short exposition about the meaning of Christ for us and for our people, according to the teachings of the New Testament, and the EPAMINONDAS M. DO AMARAL, ~~~~~~:~at~~ .;r;~ !~~~~:onaries who brought to us the Christian Rio de Janeiro.

*** FOR one who has been taught, ever since child- hood, the traditional religion of the Roman Catholic Church, with its ceremonies, prayers to saints, etc., the reality of Christ's personality, His saving love and fellowship, is most marvelous.

The discoverers of Brazil brought, not the Chris- tianity of the New Testament, but that of the Roman Catholic Church, which is everything ex- cept a saving Christianity.

I was brought up in a pious Catholic home.

My mother never let me go to bed without my spending half an hour in prayer to the saints the wanodrldeacohveor.ne She kI.nnveowkead st oa i nptr oftoecr t elv1'feerydunrel.endg, was the day and during the night. I was instructed [489 ]

in the practices of the Church, committing to He went to keep his appointment and on the memory the Latin phrases of the confessional way, at the place he had been advised the assasmass and the burial of the dead. I was supposed sins would be, he saw two men holding their guns. to be the most religious boy of my community, The missionary asked them if they were waiting but in spite of this I knew nothing about salva- for anybody and if he could render them any tion. As I faced the problem of the salvation of service. They did not reply so he told them that my soul, I found no possibility of escape. No one he was going to preach at a certain place and could help me, neither the priest nor my mother. invited them to attend. After he was gone the This fact took my sleep away, and my peace was men asked each other why they had not killed gone. The "flames of hell" got hold of my imagi- the preacher. Then one of them said: "Let us nation and there was but one relief-to banish go and hear him preach and see what is wrong religion from my mind. Soon my faith in the with the man we came to kill and did not." They Church, in the saints, in religion as a whole, was went and one of them was converted. We believe gone, yet there remained in the depth of my soul in the personal friendship of Christ and His help a longing for God, with no knowledge of how to in time of need. find Him. 3. Christ is to me and to my people the only One day I found an old Bible, and before I read way of salvation. Brazil has its own problems the New Testament through I found what I had and some of them are very serious. We have been seeking all my life. Since that day Christ, a new country, and have very serious and troublemy Saviour, has meant to me untold blessings. some problems to solve. We have men of the highest type, cultured, patriotic and anxious to 1. Christ is to me a personal Saviour. Personal solve these problems. But we are convinced that religion is a thing unknown in the Catholic nothing but the power of Jesus Christ can solve Church in Brazil. People are taught to believe them. It is not so much a matter of religion. As in the religion of their parents, without any idea a rule, the people are religious, but it is not reof personal salvation. For all believers in Jesus ligion that saves lost souls, it is the power of God Christ the reality of Christ in our experience is in the hearts of men that saves them and lifts up the most precious and unquestionable fact. We a country; this power my people have not and know Him, live in Him, and associate Him with know not where to find it. If we preach the Gosevery fact of life. No longer do we repeat the pel and the people believe it and live it, the probimpotent traditions told by our great grandfa- lems will take care of themselves. This is our thers. We know His salvation by experience and task. gladly tell it to others. Brazil needs education for its children, needs For me the most marvelous thing is the reality more comforts for its people, needs to improve its of Christ's presence in our life. The teachings of tremendous riches; Brazil has the resources to the New Testament and Christ's experience be- become one of the greatest nations of the world, come our experience. All make a living chain but nothing of that can be accomplished if its that links us to Christ of the New Testament. people are not led to accept Christ and His power That is the reason why we preach the Gospel to to save them from their sins. Blessed are those our people who know nothing of these blessed who have given the Gospel to Brazil. We acpromises of the Gospels. knowledge the great service of missionaries, but the work is only beginning. Our hearts are sad 2. Christ is to me a personal friend. Nothing as we think of forty million souls without the can be compared with the friendship of Christ. Gospel here in Brazil, and the relative few be- The Catholics try to make friends with the saints, lievers with so limited means of reaching them. but they do not trust in their protection. Evan- Pray for us. gelical believers (the name by which Protestants are called) believe with their hearts in the friend- ANTONIO N. DEMESQUIT A, A.B., TR.D ship and protection of Christ. "God shall break forth like the dawn and we One day a missionary was invited to go to shall see," said that noble knight, Don Quixote. preach in the suburb of the city. He was advised The dawn of God, a transcendent light to set the not to go because two men had been paid to kill goal of life and to show the way to life,-that is him on the way. He replied, "I will go as I prom- man's urgent need amid the confusion and gripised as the people are waiting for me." ping fears of the present time. Especially is this the need of the Latin American who has passed his "You should not go," said his friend, "your life days transfixed to the earth, with a marked natural means much to the cause and it does not pay to tendency to non-ethical, non-metaphysical. non-rerisk it." ligious existence.-John A. Mackay in "That Other America." "I will go," said the missionary, "for my Saviour will go with me and they cannot kill me unless the Lord permits."

Twice,Born Latin An1ericans

, which throughout his youth had prompted him to write verses and essays. Friends in the school, PROF. GONSALO BAEZ CAMARGO who have since become well known as educators OF MEXICO and writers, influenced him in such a way that these interests supplanted the half-formed ambi- A Sketch by MILTON DAVIS, President of Union tion to become a soldier. Soon after returning Theological Seminary, Mexico City to the normal school he was asked by Dr. Wolfe, the presiding elder, to preach each Sunday at a D URING the decade beginning in 1850, the village in the neighboring State of Tlaxcala. His movement toward intellectual and religious acceptance was due partly to this growing literary freedom came to active expression in interest, and to the appeal offered by the oppor- Mexico. This tendency was fostered by the organization of a number of groups throughout the country for the study and expression of liberal ideas. Such a group was formed in the city of Oaxaca, in the year 1858, chiefly for the purpose of studying the Bible. One of its founders was Dr. Felix Gonzalez Angulo, who with his wife joined the Methodist Church in Oaxaca upon its organization. Rosenda, their youngest daughter, taught in the Methodist school, and later married Guillermo Camargo, a teacher, poet and public speaker. Of the two sons-Guillermo and Gonsalo-the first died in early childhood.

The family moved to the State of Chiapas, where the father died of yellow fever. Returning to Oaxaca, the mother devoted all her strength to rearing her son. She was a devoted member of the Evangelical Church, and earnestly desired Gonsalo to dedicate his life to the service of Christ. By great sacrifice she saw her son finish the primary school before he was eleven years old. But the struggle had undermined her health, and she died a month later. Upon the mother's death, Dr. V. D. Baez, then presiding elder, gave the boy a place in his family, where Gonsalo shared with eight children paternal affection and Christian nurture. The following year (1912) Gonsalo entered the school in Puebla, but in the second year of his normal I course the school was temporarily closed because PROF. GONSALO BAgZ CAMARGO of the revolution, and at the age of fifteen years tunity for practice in public speaking. His work the boy entered the Constitutionalist Army. In a as student pastor revived his vision of a life given battle near Mexico City he received a severe to Christian service-a vision instilled in him durwound and lay down under a tree, where he lost ing childhood by his mother, and stimulated by consciousness, but was rescued by a soldier and the influence of the Christian home into which he taken to the military hospital. had been adopted.

The seemingly accidental manner in which his The Union Evangelical Seminary was opened life was saved made little impression upon the in 1917, as a part of the new plan looking toward young lieutenant, but the taste of the soldier's a more intimate cooperation between the Evanlife had brought about a change in his purposes, gelical churches in Mexico. Young Camargo, and he decided to spend his life in the army. Upon though lacking one year of completing his normal the reopening of the school in 1916 he again took course, was urged to enter the seminary. He did up his studies with the hope of becoming a mili- so rather unwillingly for he desired further acatary technician. But the atmosphere of the school demic training. Once there, however, he enjoyed gradually strengthened the literary tendencies the enlarging intellectual horizon offered through [491 ]

his seminary studies, and became more interested Montevideo, Buenos Aires and Peru, where he in the Christian ministry as a life work. In gave two weeks of service to the Peruvian Evan- October, 1920, he was graduated from the semi- gelical Alliance. Since 1930 he has been presinary, and his ambition was to study medicine in dent of the Central Committee of Religious Eduorder that by serving both as pastor and physician cation for Latin America. His literary works (all he could best follow in the steps of his Master. in Spanish) include, "Looking Toward Religious Renewal in Spanish America"; "The Reason for Broken health made it impossible to carry out Protestantism in Mexico" (also in English); these plans, for tuberculosis developed, and for "Principles and Methods of Christian Education" ; several months he spent practically his entire time "The Truths and Errors of Marxism." in the open air. One day, while reading his Bible, he came to the words, "I shall not die, but live, Prof. Bftez Camargo has expressed his own conand declare the works of the Lord" (Psalm 118: viction as to his call to Christian service: 17) . He resolved that, if renewed health should be granted him, he would devote his life entirely "As I have thought of the circumstances of my to the service to which the Master was calling life, more and more there has become rooted in him. There came to him the conviction that his my mind the conviction that the Lord has granted life, saved years before through the kindness of a me my life for a purpose and for a calling. Twice soldier whom he had never seen before, and now He has given me back my life when it seemed algranted him again in his deliverance from sick- most lost. God used the apparent nearness of ness, had been saved for some definite mission. death to make me understand, to the depths of my heart and experience, that life is really a gift His health continued to improve during three from Him. If God rescued from death a young years spent in the pastorate. In 1925 he was officer, wounded and unconscious, it was to make called to the Secondary and Normal Department of him a soldier of Christ; and if he rescued him of the Puebla School. There he spent four years. from the power of sickness, it was to place him During one of these, in the absence of Prof. M. under the greater power of an unchangeable pur- D. Smith, the Director, he served as Acting Di- pose of Christian service. Twice God has given rector of the institution. me my life anew. The least I can do is to con- secrate all my strength and my energy to His After Dr. Robert M. Hopkins, Secretary to the service." World's Sunday School Association, visited Mexico in 1929, Prof. Camargo was called to be inter- *** denominational secretary of religious education, secretary of the National Council of Evangelical DOUTORA CAVALCANTE Churches in Mexico, and manager of the Union Evangelical Press. His work thus touches varied A Sketch by REV. W. C. TAYLOR, phases of the Evangelical Church enterprise- Pernambuco, Brazil that of planning and organizing the program of Christian education; coordinating the work of the COVETED title of rare· dignity! The Braseveral denominations, and encouraging coopera- zilian graduates of all superior schools are tion between them; and the publication of litera- called "Doutor" (Doctor), or "Doutora" ture for leadership training and for Christian (feminine). The heroine of this little sketch was education and culture. the second Brazilian woman to graduate from one of the federal medical schools and in North In addition to these activities there have been Brazil she was the first woman physician. Everyopen doors of service in other fields, particularly one knew her as "Doutora," the brilliant, devout, through the Young Men's Christian Association courageous, versatile, aristocrati.c, humble, hardand the editorial department of Excelsior, one of working sister in Christ, Dr. Amelia Cavalcante. the leading dailies of the city, to which he contributes regularly, and in which he has charge of The revolutionary governors of both Rio de the department of bibliography. Janeiro and Pernambuco are of the Cavalcante family, mighty men in business, journalism, pol- He has also had recent opportunities to touch itics and revolutionary reform. But the first Christian work outside of Mexico: in 1929, as Evangelical Christian in the great family was president of the Evangelical Congress of Havana; the little woman of large will and independence. in 1930, in the convention of the International Council of Religious Education in Toronto; in Brazil won from the Vatican the coveted gift 1932, as delegate to the Executive Committee of of South America's first cardinalate. And the the International Missionary Council in Herrn- first Brazilian chosen for the high distinction in hut, Germany; in the same year, as delegate to Church and State, Dom J oaquim Arcoverde, was the meeting of the World's Sunday School Associa- a near kinsman of the young Amelia. He won a tion in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; and in a visit to name for wisdom, moderation and tenacity in his. long career on Rome's behalf. When he died his. last will and testament was found to be a theo-

SOME TWICE-BORN LATIN AMERICANS

logical-civil document that, in some respects, was sonally for orphans, invalids and insane, and a transcript of his long and colorful experience. helped a variety of worthy causes. At last her There was enough theological error in it to sink frail body could no longer be driven by her iron a world in ruin, but mixed with it there was will while in utter cheerfulness she fought off enough saving faith to save a cardinal's soul. blindness. She was loved by her church and Here is the avowal of that faith: "I confess, from moved into some rear rooms of its building, where inmost conviction, that I cannot save myself by she held court for many grateful friends. Many mine own works; for this reason I do not put of these were prominent Roman Catholic women my trust in them, but only trust in the infinite of the city, who said: "We want to visit you and mercy of the Most Holy Heart of Jesus Christ minister to you but we will not enter a building and in the atonement by Him offered to his eter- of heretics." They finally persuaded her to let them rent her a convenient little home, and in nal Father for our sins." * that she lived her last year on earth and there died last fall. Whence came these reminiscences of Evangelical truth and vocabulary? Did the struggle in Even to the· last strong efforts were made to that notable Pernambuco family when the cardi- induce her to return to the Church of her fathers, nal was still a priest in North Brazil leave in his but bravely, calmly, sturdily she rejected them mind memories of the dialogues when a brave all, saying: "Nothing you own is any incentive. I young woman faced all dignitaries and their have everything in Christ and I am only waiting learning and stood loyally by her Lord? his call."

In Curityba, Brazil, ministering to its great *** foreign colonies and cultured Brazilian student class and all the people, is a radiant personality. A BRAZILIAN CHRISTIAN- A. B. Deter is the name. Away back in his THOMAZ L. COSTA youth this young enthusiast for Christ came north and preached his glorious Gospel of the happy O NE night, over forty years ago, a young God and it won all the young physician's heart man entered an humble room on the secand soul forever, and she gave herself utterly to ond floor of a house in Rio de Janeiro. King Jesus. There he heard, for the first time, the preaching of the Gospel. The preacher was Dr. W. B. The young woman, once won for Christ, became Bagby, now veteran missionary to Brazil. The a winner of souls. Her aged father became a be- next day the youth indignantly inquired of the liever. In her church, the First Baptist Church washerwoman who had urged him to go: of Recife (Pernambuco) there was a class of inquirers in the Sunday school where she was a "Why did you tell that preacher all about my constant witness to the Saviour and many were life and all the ugly things I ever did?" brought into the Christian life. To her amazed denial he said: She chose to minister to her own so neglected "But I know that preacher was talking straight sex in those days before the present remarkable to me, for he described all of my sinful life right development of Brazilian medicine and surgery there before everybody." had taken place. She helped bring into the world He accepted Christ as His Saviour, and since scores of children of missionaries and many of that day Thomaz L. Costa has humbly tried to the most eminent sons and daughters of Brazil, walk in the way of the Lord. and in all these kindly and aristocratic homes Dr. Bagby saw that he must have help for evanshe bore her radiant and assured witness to her gelistic work and so he gathered a group of the Lord. She was the physician of the college and young men into his home and taught them the seminary and Woman's Training School of her doctrines of the Bible and simple homiletics. In denomination during the woeful days of the that class were three young men who became "Spanish influenza" epidemic when all day long outstanding in the work of the Gospel in Brazil. the cobblestones rattled under the wheels of Dr. F. F. Soren, pastor for more than thirty years hearses and the city was one vast morgue. She of the First Baptist Church in Rio, was one of did not lose a student. Even to the last there them. Theodoro Teixeira, another of that group, were both men and women who sought her serv- is editor of the Brazilian Baptist Journal. He is ices, even after she became blind. Very slender deacon in that same church. The third was T. L. and sinewy, she went by day and by night, eating Costa, a clerk in a shoe store, who went to tropilittle, renewing her strength now and then with cal north Brazil, helping to develop churches a cup of hot water and a bit of sugar in it. wherever he went. Later he became proprietor of shoe stores in the city of Bahia and when Bra- Hers was a life of abounding charity. She zilian Baptists needed an executive secretary for educated youth, ministered to the poor, cared per- their Board of Foreign Missions-but without • "Sharing with Neighbor America," p. 56.

salary-To L. Costa was elected. The shoe busi- that they would go to the dedication since it ness grew and the foreign mission business grew would be something of an event in the town and to such an extent that Senhor Costa was unable he would get material for an editorial for his to attend to both. So he sold out the shoe busi- paper. He would also meet the minister whom ness, and gave all his time to foreign missions. he had known years before in the Evangelical In- His lovely Christian wife, Dona Sarah, is presi- stitute. dent of the Brazilian Baptista Women's Organization. Now, physically unable to continue as That night the truth went home to Orlando's executive secretary, Senhor Costa has been elected heart. Night after night he and his wife went president. together and when Sunday came Elza had per- mission to take the children to Sunday school. *** Orlando became an earnest inquirer, a diligent student of the Scriptures. His brilliant mind A TRANSFORMED LIFE delighted in the beauties of literature which he discovered in the Book, and its spiritual teach- By CLARA G. M. GAMMON, Brazil ings took root in his soul. Little by little he dropped his dissipated habits, as the Gospel truths Y OUNG Orlando was angry-violently angry. took possession of his life. There were times of His young wife, Elza, had again attended the doubt and indecision, and it was a year before detested Protestant meeting, and not only he yielded himself, heart and soul, to the Master. so but she had taken their little son to the Sunday But when he made the surrender it was uncondischool. Such a vulgar thing to do! The real tional, and he not only yielded himself but his elite would not be caught there. Again there was family and his business. A happy home, where a scene, and in his rage Orlando declared: "I'd love reigns, has grown out of one that had almost rather see you in your coffin than have you go to been wrecked. His newspaper has become an that Protestant meeting." His wife knew that he Evangelical organ, without lessening its service meant it! to the public and in every issue an article appears on some practical religious subject written by Elza's father had been converted to the Evan- himself or by an outstanding minister or Chrisgelical faith while she was still a little girl, and tian layman. When he was ready to make his had brought his family into that church. Both public profession of faith in Christ he announced Elza and Orlando had studied in the Evangelical it in his paper, inviting his friends and business Institute and she had taught in the girls' school acquaintances and the public to attend the service before her marriage. But she was young and gay, and hear the Gospel preached. It was a bitter and the attractions of the world had a greater experience for his mother, who felt that Orlando hold on her than the things of Christ, so she felt had betrayed all the family traditions. She went very happy in making this brilliant marriage. so far as to say that she would rather see him Orlando was rich, aristocratic and intellectual, wild and dissipated, as he had formerly been, though dissipated. Later she saw him in times of terrible testing and admitted that there was power in his faith When Elza found herself deprived of the re- in Christ which she had never found in her religious privileges which she had taken as a mat- ligion, and that he had a peace which she yearned ter of course, they became more precious to her; to enjoy. she longed to enjoy the services and to bring up her little son in the faith she now had to hide in Elza is today a happy wife and mother, and in her heart. her face one reads peace and joy as she leads the children week after week to the Father's House. Years passed, with their joys and sorrows. Orlando is not merely a church member, but is a Other children came, and Elza longed to take them true Christian, showing power in his life as a to Sunday school as she saw other mothers taking worker in the Sunday school, an officer in the their little ones. Now and then she would slip church, a tither, and an example of the transoff with them, hoping that Orlando would not find forming power of Christ. it out. He had become a leading citizen and business man in the town to which they had moved, God of our life! Thy lovingkindness is new the owner and editor of the local newspaper. every morning and thy faithfulness keepeth watch Family pride and religious prejudice, to say noth- every night. Our hearts, 0 Lord, would rise to ing of his position as man of affairs, would not meet thee when thou wakenest us to the service of permit him to yield to Elza's desire. thy will; and sink in trust before thee when thou leavest us only the shelter of thy rest.-James In course of time a beautiful new Protestant Martineau. church was built to supplant the meeting hall in a rented house. A minister from the capital city, who had been a school acquaintance of Orlando's, was coming to preach the dedication sermon and to hold services for a week. Orlando promised

Ways of

'fested Methods for Increasing Interest at Home EDITED BY MRS. ESTELLA S. AITCHISON, GRANVILLE, OHIO i~"=1============================================~ GLEANINGS FROM SUM- studying "Women Under the with pictures and materials MER CONFERENCES Southern Cross" are: characteristic of the countries.

The increasing prominence of 1. A Good Will Tour (price If the meetings have to be held missionary education in the pro- 20 cents) which, under the fig- in the social hall of the church, gram of the local church was ure of an imaginary trip over noticeable as the Department good roads and bad, takes those booths may be used to represent Editor sat in the conferences of with adequate imagination "On various denominations last sum- the Highway through Mexico," the countries, and at the June mer; and with few exceptions "On the Approach to South meeting all countries may be the plans of one denominational America," "Through Colombia," group would fit equally well into "Through Peru," "In Camp at represented in a South Amerothers, with slight adaptations Lake Titicaca and on a Journey ican bazaar. as to minor objectives and spe- through Bolivia," "Through Urcifics. This is as it should be in uguay, Paraguay and Brazil," 2. Scrapbooks as a project. a neighborly Christian Church "Northward Bound, through "Scrapbooks of both North and whose families are on good Venezuela," on a "Home Comenough terms to lean over the ing" journey, at a June picnic South American life would give low doctrinal fences and discuss exhibiting trophies and select- the recipient a much better idea their common tasks and prob- ing the best diary kept through lems. Where outstanding pro- of the sister continent." An exgram outlines and activating the tour, and at an International change at Christmas time (almaterials are mentioned here, Citizenship meeting with a protheir prices are also given with gram on "The Good Will lowing ample time for transit) a view to furthering a Methods Bridge." Exchange among all Evangelical would afford material for use in denominations. The Depart- Supplies necessary for the schools. By marking the bunment plays no favorites. Any journey, with their counterparts groups not finding their litera- in items each society needs for dles "scrapbooks for school use" ture featured here are invited to a successful year are: Gas-En- (including old postcards, it may furnish samples for considera- ergy; Oil-Enthusiasm; Toolstion. This some have failed to Literature Budget, Goal Chart, be) they will not be counted do. Plan Book, etc.; Tickets-Dues Receipt Card; Schedule-Pro- dutiable. Oversight will be nec- All America for Christ gram Outline; Passport-Devo- tions Book; Diary-Scrapbook; essary in the use of suitable ma- "America, Both North and Kodak-An Inquiring Mind and terial in these books. Best South" is a taking theme song Its Pictures. The organization improvised by the Methodist includes a guide (counselor), movies, home life, school and Episcopal women for their driver (president), chief me- church life are among the most young people's department, the chanic (program chairman), adaptation being made by sub- hostess (meeting hostess), busi- desirable topics. stituting in "America the Beau- ness manager (treasurer) and a 3. An international tea, invittiful" the above words for the recorder (secretary). The difrepetitious phrase, "America, ferent homes in the membership ing each person to come dressed America," in the third line of to be used as meeting places may to represent some foreign couneach stanza. It furnishes emo- be named after the countries to tional stimulus for the under- be considered; or where more try, as well as to give a fact lying idea of the foreign mission than one country is to be visited, studies of the year. Among the the progressive party plan may about the country. The hostess specific plans for young people meeting guests at the door gives be used with a talk from the each a tiny flag of some country, guide on each location. Rooms are supposed to be decorated the one. receiving the flag being [495 ] expected to name the country later in the meeting. Many other clever devices such as this are suggested through the out- line, such as a "good will party,"

a play called "The Clarin," etc. 4. "What to Serve"-a fif- teen-page booklet describing specific South American foods and ways of serving them (price 5 cents).

5. "Pattern Sheets" of all the flags, characteristic flowers, cof- fee plant, humming bird, parrot, butterfly, banana tree, bag,

apron, mate cup, etc. Full di- cessful only in countries that have Associate Helpers' Department rections for making and color- passed through a deep religious exing are given. (Price 10 cents.) perience? Mrs. J. M. McEvoy, secretary of the Associate Helpers' De- 6. "Neighbors," a devotional Would the U. S. be justified in partment in the Woman's Misbooklet with outline for each making a protest against Mexico's sionary Society of the United month of the year. (Price 15 attitude toward organized Christian- Church of Canada, sends a decents.) Orders may be sent to ity? scription of the important work Woman's Foreign Missionary undertaken among shut-ins, Society, Methodist Episcopal Worship Service: The call to social women with small children or Church, Boston, Mass. justice. Amos 5: 10-15. Hymn, household responsibilities, busi- "When Wilt Thou Save the People, ness women, those living out of "That Other America" Lord?" reach of a local auxiliary or for any other reason unable to at- Mrs. Garret Hondelink, who The booklet of outlines sells for 10 cents tend regular meetings at the taught this study book at the plus six cents for postage. Address Mrs. church. Her leaflet statement Interdenominational School of Hond"lInk at 417 Alexander St., Rochester, says in part (adapted for brev- Missions at Lake Geneva, Wis- i'i. Y. ity) : consin, in a Leadership Training Class, and later at a conference Helpful Books These women should be listed as a of the Reformed Church of distinct group of Auxiliary interest America, at Holland, Michigan, In addition to "That Other known as Associate Helpers, with a has a few of her mimeographed America," by John A. Mackay, secretary who forms the connecting outlines left which will material- and "Women Under the South- link between them and the Auxiliary, ly aid not only in church schools ern Cross," by Margaret Ross and as many additional visitors as of missions but also in building Miller, the following will fur- needed. The secretary must be wellprograms in various church nish good reading and reference informed, a woman of prayer, willing groups. Her lessons not only material: "Makers of South to pray with and for others; a wombring out the aims and high America," by Margaretta Dan- an of tact and unfailing sympathy, lights, analyze the subject mat- iels; "Land of Women," by Kath- zealous in finding new ways to interter and suggest the best ways of erine von Dombrowsky; "Simon est women who lack the inspiration presenting it, but suggest proj- Bolivar, South American Liber- of fellowship to be enjoyed in gatherect work, map building, illustra- ator," by H. Angell; "Incredible ings of church women. tive material, discussion ques- Pizarro," by F. Shay; "The Othtions, debates, plays, devices, er Spanish Christ," by Mackay; The secretary keeps an up-to-date impersonations, cartoons, book "The Invisible Christ," by Ri- list, writing an introductory letter to reviews, round table discussions cardo Rojas; "Fire on the An- new prospects explaining the plan and worship services. A sam- des," by Carlton Beals, and "The and promising to call at an early date. ple lesson is as follows: Economic Geography of South This letter may be followed by others America," by Whitbeck, to be telling of an approaching season of CHAPTER III-SMOKING CRATERS found in public libraries. The mission study or of prayer, or of an Pan American Union, Washing- Auxiliary special event, thankoffering Aim: To come to an understanding ton, D. C., has many pamphlet meeting, etc. Copies of "A Guide to of the causes and methods of the publications of interest at nomi- Prayer," program folders or other frequent revolutions in Latin Amer- nal prices, these giving the schedules of study, special leaflets, ica and to consider a very significant greatest variety of information etc., are furnished from time to time. Youth Revolution Movement. all the way from geographical, Mission study books or other mate- historical and biographical trea- rial from the Circulating Library if Devices: A meeting open to the tises to articles on the varied there is one may be used to great adpublic with prominent speakers to productions of the countries, in- vantage. Some secretaries adopt the discuss revolutions in South America clusive of "yerba mate," the na- Circulating Leaflet Library plan for and Mexico. . . . Discussions from tive tea. this purpose. Special prayer lists of the floor on "Is the United States definite needs are mailed from time likely to run into revolution because Mate to time. The regular devotional studof social conditions here?" Closing ies engaged in by the Auxiliary may address on America's need for a spir- This Paraguay tea, the popu- also be taken to the department memitual revolution. lar drink of South Americans, bership. is a variety of holly whose infu- Additional Topics: What your de- sion is quite similar to our own Often members may be interested nomination is doing in Mexico; An- tea, though slightly bitter. It is in doing handwork such as sewing, cient Indian civilizations–Aztec, In- counted nourishing as well as quilting, making hospital garments or ca, Mayan; Indians of Latin Amer- refreshing. Many program mak- those for local charity, materials beica; Diego Rivera, and his mural ers will want to provide for ing supplied. Favors or delicacies paintings. serving this beverage at the from a social affair at the church, meetings. an outing in an automobile or the Book Review or Reading from offer of companionship for an after- "Lupita." It may be obtained from high grade noon or evening when the shut-in city groceries dealing in delicacies, would be alone, as well as special Play, "Monica" (Lydia GIover)- or ordered from Mrs. E. C. Krug, friendships and little attentions of a Methodist Book Concern. 2227 St. Paul St., Baltimore, Md., at personal nature are appreciat~d. 40 cents a quarter pound, 60 cents a Members of the mission circle or affil- Discussion Questions: Why were half pound, or a dollar a pound. It iated groups may 'cooperat~ by keeppast revolutions in Latin America is brewed in the usual fashion and ing babies or young children of a different from those in Mexico today? served with lemon or sugar. mother who wishes to come to the Auxiliary meeting for a special occa- Do vou agree with the Argentine sion. writer, Navarro Monza (p. 78) that democratic governments can be suc- Wherever this. work has been un- dertaken and faithfully carried on the

EFFECTIVE WAYS OF WORKING

results have been wonderful. Its American mate mentioned in More Plans for Young People pledge card makes three requests of this year's studies while giving the signatory: To pray definitely for An attractive packet of plans the work, to contribute systematically an attractive digest of the pro- and activating material for by envelope or mite box, and to make gram matter. Holiday calls may young people taking up "Chrisherself conversant with the work by be capitalized in describing the tian Youth Building a New subscribing to and reading the Mw- WorId" has been brought out by sionary Monthly. denominational missionary fea- the Disciples denomination and tures con n e c ted therewith. may be had for 50 cents at their Mrs. McEvoy asks what simi- Pledging and prayer for mis- literature department in Mislar plans are in use in the Unit- sions Building, 222 Downey ed States. A variety have been sions become a natural sequen,ce Ave., Indianapolis, Ind. It inreported from different denomi- cludes panel discussions, dramatnations but none more compre- of such endeavor. Where the ic sketches, exercises, devotional hensive nor thoroughgoing than group plan of subdividing the leaflets, stories, conversations, the foregoing. Most women's patterns for decorations and famissionary organizations have church membership is not in use, vors, etc. their membership divided into this gracious ministry in the "circles" or "groups" numbered homes may be directed by a com- Excerpts from Mrs. B. P. or named specifically, for sys- mittee operating under the Heubner's course on "Christian tematic work and study, one of youth in Action," will appear these groups being "the evening church missionary committee. next month. circle" composed of business Still another well attested method is to pair off each shut- in or nonprivileged person with some active member pledged to do the relay work and become a women who can hold their de- living link with the mission votional, study and work meet- fields by way of the local church. From the Editor's Scrapbook ings outside of business hours It would be hard to determine The Life Tie: Have you ever tried and maintain a close connection which of two thus related se- a simple test. to see what your mem- with the main organization. cures the greater benefit. bers have learned? Have you ever This takes care of one nonpriv- reviewed a year's course to check up ileged element. An Evening Extension on the missionary intelligence of your members? The influence of attend- In many churches using the A good method for lining up ance at meetings is determined not every-member canvass plan for those engaged during the day, alone by what a member has learned comprehensive financing, the inclusive of the men folk, was but by what the person does. It is woman's organization has no sent in by Rev. David McCul- tying up with life that counts. Are membership dues or pledges but lough Beggs, pastor of the First attitudes changed? Are relationships automatically counts every wom- Congregational Church of Ana- better? Are church loyalties less an entering the church as a mosa, Iowa. He writes: wavering? Is there more kindness to member of the woman's society, the Oriental delivering groceries at to be rounded up and put to Several years ago the president of the door? More participation in comwork by the membership com- our missionary society conceived the munity projects for Christian admittee if possible. Thus the idea that it would be nice to have vancement? Have standards of stewsubdivision into circles includes some of the men of the church at- ardship been raised? Is there more the names of invalids, the aged tend the meeting occasionally, so she reading of missionary books and magand those shut in or out for any planned to have it at her home in azines? Better citizenship and better other reason, and the plans for the evening and all members were Christianity because of missionary rethe personnel of each circle cov- to invite their husbands and as many lationships? Tying up missions with er not only the benevolent sew- other men as might be interested. The everyday living is finally the real test ing and White Cross work, the meeting was a huge success. The of the effectiveness of our efforts. women had a regular missionary les- (Adapted from Mwsions.) son; and after some discussion lunch was served and the rest of the time Remembrance Gifts: A spe- cial card is used by the Wom- was spent playing games. calling and community service One evening we invited the Meth- an's Foreign Mission Society of under the direction of the par- the Methodist Episcopal Church ent society, but also the task of odist pastor to come and review a for use among people who, withkeeping in touch with all of its book which he had presented at a out having made a will, would union Sunday evening service. An- members unable to attend the other time I reviewed "Re-Thinking like at their death to furnish exmeetings. It thus becomes a Missions." We always planned for a pression of their missionary indefinite service to visit the shut- social time and light refreshments. terest by leaving a bequest, ins on the circle roll, furnish This plan has proved very popular large or small. "By filling this and lately some of the men have been them with missionary literature asking when we are to have our next card, the donor asks that at her and magazines, keep them in- missionary meeting. death her family pay the sum formed of activities and give How about using the forego- indicated to the treasurer of the them an allotment of sewing if ing plan for a monthly interde- W. F. M. S. One-half of the they are able to use their hands. nominational gathering in the card is to be filed with one's per- Special features of the parent social hall of one and another of sonal papers. The other half is organization are relayed to the the cooperating churches, ma- to be sent to the general treashome-bound from time to time, joring on Kingdom advances urer. Remembrance Gifts are for instance, holding little "aft- rather than denominational spe- wholly optional and not legally ernoon teas" using the South cifics? binding." BULLETIN OF The Council of Women for Home Missions ANNE SEESHOLTZ, EXECUTIVE SECRETARY, 105 EAST TWENTY-SECOND STREET, NEW YORK ~~~~I~~~======~==~~~==~==~ Adoration of Jesus Christ We thank Thee that those who dwell the way for the young people of in Thee By A YOUNG MAN all denominations to participate. Maintain the divine faculty of youth Organization is secondary and I never cared, to see the best in men, program for action is primary in I never dared the movement. Committees exist To spend a whole night in prayer- To pierce through the outward layers to plan for advance together, He did. of weakness and sin young and old, in "seeking first To the pure gold of true manhood within.

I never tried, We thank Thee that they keep the the Kingdom of God and his I never cried, hopefulness of youth, righteousness." "God forgive them, they do not know." He did. Its resiliency of spirit, If you wish to participate in Its unconquerable optimism, I never fasted, Which rises again undismayed from this Christian Movement among I never wrestled the you n g p e 0 pIe of our Hours with temptation, all alone, disaster and defeat. Amen. He did. -John S. Hoyland. churches, send now to the Inter- national Council of Religious A Message to the Reader Education, 203 North Wabash I never thought, In 1930, the Christian Youth Avenue, Chicago, for "General I never taught Council of North America held Guide to Youth Action" (25 God's hungry children how to live. its first meeting in Toronto, cents), "Group Action in Build- He did. Canada. The members of the Council thought of the Christian ing a New World" (15 cents) ; I never prayed, way of life, as some of them "Youth Action in Personal Re- I never stayed phrased it, as a trail that led ligious Living" (15 cents); To hear my God speak clear to me. "from a wooden cross on Cal- "Youth Action in Breaking He did. vary among the hills of Jeru- Down Barriers" (15 cents), and salem down across the burning "Youth Action in Building a -Russell Dicks. sands and des e r t s of the Warless World" (15 cents). The world." … pamphlets were prepared by Blessed ar*e t*he* young who, church leaders of young people. In 1934, the Christian Youth seeing the Lord and giver of Council of North America met Furthermore, the Council or Life, follow Him and live among again at Lake Geneva, Wisconthe sons of men "with eternity sin. The young people and their Women for Home Missions and in their hearts." Each passing leaders took up that trail again, the Missionary Education Movemoment is spent as if they lived they looked about them, studied ment were fortunate to secure as forever, and they know that all their own hearts, turned their the author of the young people's the sons of God could likewise eyes toward the future, and study book for the year, Frank live in the Presence of Him talked about "Christian Youth W. Herriott, formerly a pastor "whose service is perfect free- Building a New World." and now a member of the facdom." Each has his place in ulty at Union Theological Semmaking real the Father's will on The Home Missions Councils inary, New York. The book, earth as in heaven. Each seeks now have three representatives "Christian Youth in Action" to grow up into the likeness of -Miss Edith E. Lowry, Mr. (60 cents) gives the answer to Jesus Christ, Saviour of men. the perplexing question, "What can Christian youth actually do This is the more abundant life.

Thanks for the Perpetual Fred R. Thorne, and Miss Sue to help build a Christian Amer- Weddell-on the Joint Commit- Youth of Those Who tee on United Youth Program ica ?" Examples of scores of Abide in God things that young people have and have through them, assumed Lord, responsibility to acquaint the done in various parts of the We thank Thee that with Thee there is country are here collected. I,n adult membership of constituent no growing old: Home Mission Boards with the the "Guide to Action, What Will That those who abide in Thee keep You Do About It?" (25 cents), their youth perpetually: purpose and program of the prepared by Frank W. Herriott Though their bodies grow aged, yet movement, Christian You t h and Sue Weddell, leaders of Building a New World; and at young people will find practical are their spirits ever radiant the same time, we hope to open suggestions for activities, with With the zeal, the enthusiasm, the glowing ideals of youth.

[498 ]

BULLETIN OF THE COUNCIL OF WOMEN FOR HOME MISSIONS

definite plans of procedure, out- meet with them as an advisory responsibility to be the superinlines for reports, and services of member. We planned the pro- tendent of an Intermediate C. E.

worship. Please order both gram as a community church Society in the United Brethren "Christian Youth in Action" and group, yet we saw that even the Church for the past three years "What Will You Do About It?" smallest church had some re- and it has been a great joy to me from denominational literature sponsibility. Because of school to watch young lives unfold and headquarters. And before turn- it needed to be an evening meet- grow in the Christian faith.

ing the page, please decide what ing. The school had already "Just now I am considering you can do to help in building a planned for a meeting of general the possibility of uniting in the Christian America. interest on March 8th, but the study of the book, 'Christian In Clay City, Indiana school principal was willing to Youth in Action.' " cooperate and not allow any- A Service of Worship for The following account of co- thing to interfere with Thurs- Youth for the observance of the operation by leaders and young day evening, March 7th. Thus next World Day of Prayer, Febpeople of a little town was writ- we were observing it perhaps at ruary 28, 1936, is ready for disten by Mrs. Jesse Schauwecker the same hour when many in the tribution. It was prepared this at the request of the Editor. Far East and the Islands of the year by Miss O. Mary HilI, M.A., Mrs. Schauwecker attended the western Pacific were turning at the request of the Inter-Board aside for prayer. Winona Lake Summer School of "The father of our leader, be- Committee of the Woman's Mis- Missions this June in order to sionary Societies of Canada.* secure inspiration and new ma- ing somewhat of an art i s t An increasing number of young painted a beautiful poster with people around the world join in terial for her home place: "During a revival meeting the words of 'A New Command- the observance of the Day, prayheld at the United Brethren ment.' This was displayed dur- ing "that the world may be Church last winter the Christian ing the entire service which was guided into the paths of peace." young p e 0 pIe of the town attended by ninety-two people, Could You Do This in Your worked together to bring their for the most part between the Town? friends to Christ wit h 0 u t ages of thirteen and twenty-five, thought of denomination. About with the pastors and a few A Peace Demonstration was this time I noticed that there was young peoples' leaders to en- held at Northfield Missionary a special young peoples' program courage. The entire program Conference. Briefly, there were prepared for the World Day of was in the hands of the young units which in order told their Prayer, and thought it would be people themselves. An offering story-such units as "Peace on splendid if the young people of three dollars was received and earth will come to men of goodwould unite in observing this sent in to be divided between the will"; "Peace in Pennsylvania day. I mentioned it to a few of foreign and home m iss ion for 70 years while other colonies the young people and their lead- boards. were fighting Indians"-"The ers and it met with their ap- "This was in Clay City, In- Quakers and Indians tried the proval. diana, a little town of about one goodwill way. (Quakers and In- "It happened that there was to thousand population, h a v i n g dians in costume.)" There was be a meeting on Sunday after- seven churches. Six churches a unit on "The WorId Today" in noon with the State W. C. T. U. cooperated in a splendid man- which Goodwill was bound with president as speaker. So I sent ner. The denominations were: black cords held by Evil, Fear, an announcement to each church Church of the Brethren, Free Greed, Hate, and Love stands on that Sunday morning request- Methodist, U nit e d Brethren, ready to cut the cords. Another. ing the young people, especially Methodist Episcopal, Assembly unit was a ship, "Friendship," the presidents of all interme- of God, and Presbyterian. These with nationals of other lands. diate and young peoples' organ- churches serve not only the little One unit Flanders Field and a izations in the churches to meet town but reach out in a radius gold star mother, and another, one half hour before the after- of five or six miles into the children bearing burdens of war, noon service. About twenty-five country. debts, disease, suffering were or thirty came; I briefly ex- "The meeting was held in the very effective. plained the WorId Day of Prayer Church of the Brethren with a The demonstration was preand they were heartily in favor Presbyterian young man as pared and directed at Northfield, of observing it. A leader was leader and a United Brethren Mass., by Mrs. J. H. Callister. selected (by the young people pianist and chorister. The rest There were 22 units and more themselves) . The presidents of of the program was similarly than a thousand persons particiall the young people's organiza- distributed. I believe that the pated. The material is adaptable tions (Christian Endeavor so- observance of this day among to indoor demonstrations. If incieties and young women's mis- our young people will do much to terested address the Editor.

sionary organizations) were to strengthen the spirit of love be- • The Women's Missionary Society of the act as a committee to assist the tween the denominations of to- Presbyterian Church In Canada, the Eastern leader in planning and prepar- morrow. Division of the Presbyterian Church, and of the United Church in Canada, are constituent members of the Council of Women for Home ing the program. I was asked to "It has been my privilege and Missions.

~''''''''''''''''~~~~~~~==-==~'~

L-J ., .~=O=u=r=WA=oMris=silonda=ry"N'e~wwsp=aipder=oef=COu=rruen=ttE=velnots=o=k=~~~.

LATIN AMERICA revered saint-a festival of fire- ways been aggressively evangel- Opening Doors in Mexico works, wine and dancing-today istic and missionary. -Presbyterian Banner. have been consecrated to a high- A Baptist medical missionary er life, to the improvement of Projects for Mexico in Mexico, Dr. O. G. Walters, homes and the building of writes: "One year ago I did not schools. The workers in Latin Amerdare to talk of Christ or try to ica are not disheartened. The give a Christian message be- "As Christians, we Evangeli- Presbyterian Mission in Mexico cause it would bring enemies cals believe that chaos will not has sent to the Board a list of and thus eliminate my opportu- last long. We believe that the projects which can be carried on nity to win them later. I was ignorance, the superstition, the in full compliance with the law. compelled to concentrate on stupor and abjection of our peo- They write: "Weare convinced making friends and wait for ple will not end in violence, but that from now on we must de- God to open the door for more in the establishment of a higher pend upon personal seeking of definite work for Him. It is and more spiritual type of re- souls for Christ, and upon perdifficult to give a word picture ligion. We do not believe that sonal dealing with Christians to of the change that has come our country will turn to cold strengthen and build them up, about in so short a time. The materialism; the Latin race has more than upon institutions or door is open and the real prob- a passionate soul." special plans of work. Our inlem is to enter with sufficient stitutions have a rather uncertact that Christ may be present- – World Outlook. tain existence at present, but the ed and antagonism avoided. I opportunity for personal evanhave been asked to start a Bible Puerto Rican Missionaries gelism and personal comradeclass for women, and the men ship is greater than ever. We are asking for a colporteur to The Presbyterian Mission in need to search for new ways of start a Bible class for them. I Puerto Rico is now planning to making contacts, and then make can talk freely of the love of carry the Gospel in Spanish to these truly effective in clinching Christ to any who come to my the Puerto Ricans who have col- souls for the Saviour." office. One or two children rep- onized in the Virgin Islands. resent the attitude of the ene- Whether this plan will be car- -Presbyterian Banner. mies by throwing stones in the ried out will have to be deterwaiting room as they pass, but mined by the financial outlook Evangelical Seminary of otherwise enmity is not ex- of the year, but in the meantime Puerto Rico pressed." representatives of the presby- tery have visited the island of The Evangelical Seminary of – Watchman-Examiner. Santa Cruz, have preached Puerto Rico is an interdenomi- there, and discovered that there national institution founded in Better Days Prophesied are 150 church members in the 1919 by the merging of four colony of several thousand. The training schools and by combin- Samuel Rocha, pastor of a request for this extension into ing the forces of seven denomichurch in Aguascalientes, Mex- the Virgin Islands is accompa- nations: Baptist, Christian, ico, sees better days ahead, "a nied by the interesting note that Congregational, Disciples of spiritual renaissance." He re- centuries ago the warlike Caribs Christ, Methodist, Presbyterian minds us that "the present rev- came from the islands of Santa and United Brethren. It is loolutionary movement in Mexico Cruz to Puerto Rico to destroy cated in Rio Piedras. Gradu- arises out of the restlessness the peace-loving Borinquenses ates of the seminary number which the Gospel message stirs who were residents of this is- 100 at work in Puerto Rico; up in the heart of man, and out land. The modern inhabitants seven in Cuba, five in the Do- of man's dissatisfaction with of Borinquen feel that it would minican Republic, five in Vene- himself as he contemplates his be a fine Christian service to go zuela, and five in the United lack of progress, and his inabil- back to Santa Cruz with the States. ity to face life. It is social as Gospel of peace. It was the There are in Puerto Rico 276 well as individual. Towns where Puerto Rican Church that was regularly organized Evangelical formerly the earnings of a year responsible for the opening of churches. These churches have were thrown away in one re- the work in Santo Domingo a 24,000 members, 559 church ligious festival in honor of some number of years ago. It has al- schools with an enrolment of [500 ]

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

45,000, 126 young people's so- and safe for progress. The swer to prayer several native cieties, 144 other societies, twen- thinking public is gradually get- young men had come asking, ty-two schools, including kinder- ting wise to the fact that the "May we go out to the other vilgartens, graded schools, two preacher'S method doesn't cost a lages of our people to preach?" high schools, one college, one tithe of the cost of the other. More horses were bought and theological seminary, and three several groups went out as hospitals which have about 200 -Guatemala News. preachers and personal workers. beds, and care for 70,000 pa- One group went to Cachoeirinha. tients yearly. Of the 251 preach- Cheer for Chile The meeting was in the main ers, more than 9370 are native street of the village, and as the Puerto Ricans. Not only has the Alessandri young Indian believers spoke of administration in the "shoe- "sin, of righteousness and of -Christian Advocate. string republic" set up limits be- judgment to come" there was yond which money-lending rates conviction, and at the close six Progress in Honduras may not go, closed beer and persons accepted Christ. They liquor shops for week-ends, pro- went on to another Indian vil- The Evangelical Women's hibited dog racing, suppressed lage. Here the chief flatly re- Union sponsored a project dur- gambling resorts, forbidden fused to let them speak to the ing 1934 to provide for the public officials to frequent races people. They then asked if they training of national workers in and casino dens, but it has fallen might sing a hymn. This was Honduras, including provisions in with certain admirable plans granted, and after the singing for training evangelists and advanced by the new parents' the old man relented and told nurses. The school for evangel- association. It has urged movie them they could have a meeting. ists was opened in 1934, and reform, and the municipality of At this service two of the old nurses' training began last Santiago, as a result has prohib- chief's daughters rose to their spring. Four or five girls en- ited the attendance of children feet in profession of faith in the tered the classes. under seven, and forbidden the Lord as Saviour. attendance of children under Work among Indians in Hon- fourteen at all night perform- Several Indian believers from duras is steadily growing. About ances. Burity have gone out from time 12 adults are in the baptism to time to work on the ranches class in Puerto Cortez. A Sun- -The Christian Advocate. round about. They sing hymns day school was organized there in the evening, and often preach in January, with 58 in attend- Educational Need in Brazil or explain the Gospel, according ance the opening day. Sunday to the occasion. school is at 6 p. m. A Spanish Considering the increased attranslation of the Gospel is tention being given to education -The Amazon Valley Indian. available for the blind in Hon- in Brazil, Dr. H. C. Tucker, of duras. Rio de Janeiro, believes that the "Enduring Hardness" support, for at least a period of -Moravian Missionary. five years, of a specially-trained Rev. Harold H. Cook portrays and fully-equipped Christian the life of an itinerant mission- Results in Guatemala teacher for the new School of ary in Brazil's interior. "The Education at Granbery College walls of the house where I am The Evangelistic Committee is of tremendous importance. writing are of rough, unplaned of the Central Presbytery or- boards, not placed close togethganized a ten-day conference in The present is a time of transition er. The roof is of wooden slats a little mountain town called "EI in the intellectual, moral, economic which do not always keep out Jute." The general theme was, and political life of the nation. The the rain. At the end of the larg- "The Victories of Christianity." united voice of Brazil is calling loud- est room there is one small win- The successful development and ly for adequately-trained leadership dow, without glass. There is no application of the theme is evi- in every department of national life. furniture of any kind except a denced by the results: 18 joined Public men, educators and others of table of three planks on trestles. the church, 6 were baptized, 32 patriotic mind are coming to realize Seating accommodation consists bitter enemies were reconciled the need for Schools of Education of loose planks placed on blocks by the gospel method in that re- with special courses. Protestant mis- of wood. Dogs, pigs and chickgion where the usual method of sion schools have made the largest ens wander in and out of the ending a quarrel is with a revol- contribution to the cause of education house. ver or machete and a funeral, in this country that has come from and then 48 brethren sat down any single source, according to the "The visit of a preacher in peace and unity at the Lord's testimony of competent Brazilians. brings folk from far and wide, table. No wonder the dailies are so that this and the other two praising the evangelicos as a su- Mission schools themselves are al- near-by houses are full to overperior moralizing force. A good ways sorely in need of well-prepared flowing. At night the people live preacher is worth a whole Christian teachers for their own stretch out on skins or mats, squad of police with their jails work; they are looking to Granbery each rolled in his own rug. and "pens" thrown in for mak- College and other schools to train and Many do not undress even when ing the country happy, peaceful equip the teachers needed in increas- ing number.

– World Outlook..

Amazon Valley Conversions A worker among the Amazon Valley Indians writes that in an-

at home, much less when on a The Gospel in Spain and $4,000 from mission socie- picnic like this. The most they Present conditions in Spain ties to about $40,000 from the do is to take off their boots-if make the presentation of the government and $20,000 from they have any! mission societies. Dr. Helser Gospel very difficult. The Con- sees the Mission's place as a "I am writing in the 'month very distinct·one (he calls it the of Mary' in this country. It is servatives (Clerical Party), ac- keystone) between the governdedicated entirely to the wor- cording to The Latin American ments on one side and the deship of the Mother of Jesus, and Evangelist, are busy with their nominational missions on the on the last day of the month propaganda without let or hin- other-to plan, unite, inspire, there will be a procession and encourage. He sees the ideal the crowning of the image of drance. They believe the time type of institution as a farm col- Mary as 'Queen of Heaven.' In ony, supported by a government Brazil no such homage is paid to is near when the ministers of and staffed by a mission society. our glorious risen Lord; but the Republic will be turned out once a year, at Easter, there is -Without the Camp. the sad and sorrowful celebra- and they themselves take the tion of a crucified and dead Sav- reins of power. If they do, they Open Minds in Sudan iour." will change the articles of the A marked change in the atti- EUROPE Constitution dealing with the re- tude of the people of Omdur- man, Anglo-Egyptian Sudan, to- Disciples' World Convention ligious question. Meanwhile the ward Christianity is recorded by Roman Catholic clergy have re- a C. M. S. missionary. A grow- Delegates from 42 countries ing interest and readiness to assembled in Leicester, England, ceived large sums from the gov- August 7-12, for the second ernment; the Jesuits preach wherever they want to; the priests are openly defiant and are turning their pulpits into political platforms.

World Convention of the Disci- Scandinavian Missions listen to teaching concerning ples of Christ. America had Christ has been evidenced by the the largest organized delega- At the convention of represen- large attendance at a series of tion, numbering over 500. The weekly addresses. The speakers convention program considered tatives of these Protestant mis- included an Armenian, an Amer- sions during the summer, the ican, an Egyptian, an Englishmany international problems, following figures were reported: man and a Sudanese. A similar welcome to simple Christian such as world peace, race rela- Missionaries: Denmark, 240; Nor- teaching is found in the hospital tions, the economic situation and way, 400; Sweden, 700. important subjects that greatly Income (Crowns): Denmark, 1,- concern the Church, such as re- 750,000; Norway, 3,000,000; Sweden, wards, and in many homes to 4,250,000. which missionaries are invited. ligious education, stewardship, Not a few, however, draw back evangelism and missions. Baptized (1930): Denmark, 1,900; from further instruction when Norway, 11,000; Sweden, 6,000. -The Presbyterian Banner. Native Christians: Denmark, 29,- Forty Societies Confer 00; Norway, 156,000; Sweden, 85,000. they realize what would be in- volved in open confession of The annual parliament of AFRICA Christ. British missionary societies at Swanwick recalled that this con- Appraisal of Leper Work The missionary states: "The ference owed its origin to the Edinburgh Conference of 1910, Dr. A. D. Helser, lately ap- long years of patient, loving, so that it could also celebrate its pointed representative of the silver jubilee. Three matters American Mission to Lepers for tactful and sometimes apparentwere before the representatives West Africa, has just traveled of the 40 societies: "The rising 3,000 miles in Nigeria inter- ly profitless work of our predetide of neo-paganism at home viewing missionaries, governand abroad, the increasing evan- ment doctors and officials, and cessors, and the more senior of gelistic activity both in the mis- counts on covering 1,500 miles sion field and in the home more. The missionaries of the the missionaries here today, churches, and finally the need Belgian Congo are inviting him for a new effort on a world scale to tour their country also. He seems about to bear fruit. Opto present Christ to men." In writes with intense enthusiasm of what he feels is about to be position to our work has almost gone. Interest is apparent on every hand. Deep struggle and souI-searchings are going on in the hearts of some, perhaps in the hearts of more than we re-· alize." -The Christian.

such discussions there was al- done for the 200,000 lepers of Revival in Congo ways present the thought that Nigeria. The number under the younger churches of the mis- treatment, though small in com- The Swedish Baptist Missio11' sion field must cooperate with parison with the total, has risen in the Congo has an inland' field,.

the older churches of the West from 1,000 in 1931 to probably in the district of Lac Leopold IL in a great united effort. To at- 5,000 in 1935. In the same time Work began here in 1919;- tliere'

tain that objective a meeting in the amounts of money invested are now four stations: Rev. the Far East was proposed. in leper work have risen from Aron Anderson, who has' cliarge -The Christian Century. $10,000 from the government of both medical and evangelistic

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

work, tells of victories won for Kanyeba came one day with all her pIe, and has opened a new sta- Christ last year. tion at Mindolo. Work has been charms and filthy medicine and said, opened at three centers. Mr. When heathenism was at its dark- Moore is gathering the Chrisest, and no great difference in be- "I have accepted Christ as my Lord, tians into church groups, organhaviour between pagans and Chris- izing classes, welfare work, tians was observable, revival began and here are my medicines to prove schools for the children in the suddenly. It was like Pentecost. Two villages, and evangelistic work natives became greatly exercised it." Through this conversion many in the native locations outside about their souls, and after a few the mine areas. He has the help days the fire spread among all our others have destroyed their fetishes, of several African workers. Christians. Men and women met God in a new way to receive blessing. The and are becoming interested in the -The Chronicle. Holy Spirit revealed their lives to them; they saw themselves in that power that has made this diviner a Native Policy in Union of S. A. light and fell down before God, plead- new creature. . ing for pardon and grace. It was Igor L. Evans has made a almost impossbile to comfort them. Last Link with Livingstone study of native policy in the We asked them to confess their sins, Union of South Africa, and preand they did so, openly. They brought From Mombasa. comes news sents the results in a book under their idols and heathen medicine to of the death of Matthew Wel- that title. Different policies us, and they themselves destroyed lington, probably the last living were followed in the four areas great quantities. Whole villages were link with the great missionary. which came into the Union in cleansed. Men who had loved to sit He was thought to be about 100 1910. In the Cape Province the idly at home went out to the sur- years old, and is said to have goal was to make the black man rounding villages to preach the Gos- been one of the devoted band as much like the white man as pel. Everywhere crowds came to lis- who carried out the epic journey possible; in Natal, the official ten to the wonders of God. The re- to the coast, bearing the body of policy was to "maintain and vival spread to our other stations and their dead leader. It has been strengthen the tribal system in throughout all the villages. Thou- stated that he was present at the interests of the Colony"; sands of heathen believed in Jesus the meeting between Livingstone while in the Boer-controlled Or- Christ. We have new churches and and Stanley at Ujiji, but confir- ange Free State and Transvaal new members; and the old have be- mation of this is difficult to ob- little thought was given to nacome new. We baptized last year tain. Few of the African na- tive policy. In 1894, under' Cecil several hundreds from our field, and tives who had personal contact Rhodes' leadership a district in hundreds more are in classes prepar- with Livingstone lived on into the Ciskei was set apart for a ing to be baptized. We have opened the twentieth century. It is not thoroughgoing experiment in work in many new villages. long since the death of another detribilization. This aimed at of them, Lazarus Raikane, who giving the natives a share in -London Missionary Herald. lived to a great age. The death their local government through of these two is a reminder that the council system. The plan, Witch Doctor Made New the opening up of Africa is a which proved successful, has re- process of recent origin, and sulted in somewhat similar ex- The following modern miracle the bewildering changes of the periments in other areas of the of grace is told by E. R. Kellers- sixty odd years that have passed Union. The Native Affairs Deberger, American Presbyterian since Livingstone's death appear partment was established to unimissionary in the Congo. the more amazing. fy and administer native policy for the Union as a whole. The In this land the women, as well as -South African Outlook. record of the years shows steady the men, are witch doctors. There advance along several lines, nomay not be "women's rights" as far Copper Miners in Rhodesia tably in the increased interest as voting is concerned, but when it on the part of Europeans in nacomes to evil influence, these benight- One of the British Empire's tive questions, the organization ed heathen women hold the balance of largest industrial enterprises is of Joint Councils and the South power. Ntumba Kanyeba had been the northern Rhodesia copper African Institute of Race Relavisited by many people, seeking to field. It involves a multitude of tions. know why they were sick and what problems, since the workers, cut evil influence had caused their dis- loose from tribal moorings and On the other hand, there reease. She had a weird gourd cut into old standards, from any Chris- main several critical, unsolved a fantastic shape into which she tian influences that may have problems, principally the ineqpoured and mixed many medicines. previously helped them, usually uity in the distribution of land, Goat's horns stuffed with dirt, snake separated from wives and fam- the problem of native population skins, snail shells, sticks of wood, ilies, are flung into a whirlpool in great urban areas, and the chicken feathers, well mixed, form an of new ideas and forces, exposed policy in native education. Prior efficacious balm. Weare told that a to new temptations and given to 1922 native education was jaw-bone of a coney, if tied to the new opportunities for self-indul- recognized as a national obligaarm of a sufferer will cure an abscess, gence. Without tribe, chief, and that the bone of a monkey, if church or missionary pastor, worn on a string around the neck, they learn a whole new range of will cure a pain in the hips. Dried vices, and contract deadly disrats and the foot and tongue of a eases and habits. dead bird are also favorite remedies for various maladies. With incanta- The London Missionary Socitions, Kanyeba would say what ailed ety has appointed Rev. and Mrs. these benighted folk, and thereby Moore to minister to these peomade a good living. To become a Christian would mean the loss of her influence and all means of support, for she was a widow. Yet through faithful intercession of the evangelist,

tion and was financed from gen- estine, as a first step, and to unite whose life was slowly ebbing in eral revenue. Since 1922 any and encourage them to live open his tribal tent. Only one thing Christian lives. expansion in native education could save the youth's lifehas been financed by revenue 2. The Fellowship (as a group of transfusion of blood from the converts from Islam) will stand as a from native sources or by pri- testimony to the power of Jesus arteries of a healthy man. The vate charity. This limits the Christ to save Moslems by direct doctor, turning to the father, evangelization, and Christian living. educational advancement of the brothers and cousins of the poorest section of the population 3. To give facilities to Moslem in- young man, asked: quirers so as to lead them to a definite to the very limited financial re- acceptance of Jesus Christ as their "From which of you may I sources of that group. personal Saviour and Lord. take blood to pour into the veins of this youth and save his life?" In Southern Rhodesia there 4. To hold special meetings for seems to have been a more lib- Moslems at which the Gospel will be One and all refused to give eral native policy. Urban de- preached, questions and discussions en- blood, even for their own kin. velopment is only beginning, and couraged, and suitable literature dis- 'l'he white doctor saw one way. it should be possible to avoid tributed. He took his lancet and, baring some of the problems which his own body, poured out his have arisen in the great cities of 5. To try to obtain various employ- blood to save the young Arab. the Union. ments, so that the convert may learn The Arabs were astounded. to work and earn his living respect- Even the impassive Orient was -Missionary Herald. ably.

Twenty-five families of Haifa are associated with the Fellow- ship, and at present ten inquir- deeply moved. From that day WESTERN ASIA ers are being instructed. this American missionary doctor Nazareth Infant Welfare -Ghaleb Daher, Secretary. has been able to do what he will The Eastern Church with those Arabs, and no man The infant welfare work of dare lay a finger upon him. "He Emanuel Medical Mission at Charles Clayton Morrison, of is our brother now," they say, Nazareth continues to show ex- The Christian Century's edito- "his blood is in our veins." cellent results. The average rial staff, visited the Near East number of babies dealt with last spring. He writes: Loving His Enemy during 1934 has been about The Greek Church in Turkey is When my colleague was killed thirty at each clinic, held once a having a constricted and painful ex- by bandits, he said, with dying week. Each baby is weighed breath, "Everything is all right; once a week, and the mother is istence. The fact that the bulk of the everything is all right," and advised with regard to feeding, Church's constituency had been de- passed out without any bittercare of the eyes, and attention ness in his heart toward his to minor ailments. Eye trouble ported from Turkey to Greece in the murderers. A short time after is very prevalent. There have stupendous exchange of population that the leader of the bandit been several severe cases of in 1922 and 1923 had required a com- band who had killed the mission- "marasmus," causing extreme plete reorientation of the Church. ary was brought wounded into' emaciation. The mothers have the hospital at the Mission staall definitely tried to act upon Over a million Greeks were compelled tion. He was given the best the advice given. The real joy to pull up the roots of their family, service and attention and gradthey have shown each time they business and social life in Turkey, and ually nursed back to health. find that the baby has gained a sail to Greece, just as nearly a mil- When he was again restored and little weight is equally shared lion Turks in Greece were similarly about to leave the hospital he by us. Quite half a dozen seem- brought to Turkey. There remain was asked why he had killed the ingly hopeless cases of this dis- only about 60,000 Greeks in Turkey. missionary. He grew indignant ease have now reached almost and said, "Who said I killed the normal weight. The Greek Church in Russia sees missionary?" After they had -E. M. M. S. Quarterly Paper. the steady, fateful process of disinte- assured him that they had evi- gration going relentlessly on, carrying dence of his dastardly act, he Evangelistic Fellowship for off a population of 100,000,000 Chris- said: "What, do you mean to tians from the fold of the Orthodox Palestine faith. Thus the once mighty Church which before the War embraced 121,- 000,000 adherents, now contemplates a future in which its membership will hardly exceed 20,000,000.

In Greece itself the Orthodox Church is just now in an unusually popular position. No political func- tion is held in Greece without the presence of a representative of the tell me that all the time I lay Church. Laws have rEcently been Christian converts from Islam passed (or resurrected after a long here, helpless and in imminent in Palestine have formed an obsolescence) making it obligatory for danger of my life, you knew that undenominational Evangelistic students to attend church services, I was the murderer, and you Fellowship, with the purpose of which they do en masse. Everywhere churches are packed. The govern-_ cared for me enough to preserve upbuilding converts in the fuller my life and to bring me back to . knowledge of the Christian ment is supporting the Church, and health again? Why did you do the Church is giving the sanction and faith; and of presenting the blessing of God to the government. it?" "Jesus Christ," was the answer. "It is He who taught us Gospel to Moslems in Palestine. Of One Blood to love our enemies and to do Their objectives are: Basil Mathews tells of a good to those who revile and 1. To seek out all the secret and young Arab in Mesopotamia, persecute us." scattered converts from Islam in Pal-

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

It is needless to say that man's writers under the title Das teachers in the schools, there are heart was broken and pieced to- Werden einer jungen Kirche im more than 1,800 native teachers gether again with the mercy of Osten. This notice is not in- of different grades in the various God and the invincible love of tended for a review but it wishes institutions. Jesus Christ. to call attention to some out- -John Van Ess of Arabia, in standing facts connected with -Watchman-Examiner. the work of the Basel Society. World Outlook. Buddhist Priests Baptized It must be recalled that the INDIA-BURMA Basel Mission has worked in Dr. R. S. Buker, Baptist mis- India at times under great ad- sionary in Burma, writes: "At Changing Attitudes versities and with gigantic ef- a pageant held in Kengtung, not fort and that now as a result of long ago I sat near a pongyi who Rev. Prebendary Wilson Cash, the faithful labors of its mission- has passed the half century D.D., General Secretary of the aries, there has come into being mark. Over 30 years of his life C. M. S., writes: "On my recent a Christian church. There are have been spent in the garb of visit to India I was much im- about 25,000 Christians in 18 the priestly yellow robe. This pressed with the new openings great congregational districts, morning at 11 o'clock he changed among Mohammedans. In some gathered from all classes and to civilian clothes … and about places there seemed to be a real strata of the population. There a half hour later I baptized him movement of God's Spirit among is a mission school system of 106 as he witnessed before a group them. In Karachi, for example, schools with about 20,000 chil- of some 200 bazaar-goers that he we were told that more inquiries dren. had changed 'from the short came from Mohammedans than road of Buddha to the long road from Hindus. In Peshawar I The new church has also of Christ.' found that converts, after bap- adopted an unequivocal statetism, were allowed to live on in ment of faith based on the his- "Some time previously a Burtheir Moslem homes. Changes toric faith of the Reformation, mese pongyi had asked to be bapof this sort were very cheering." as contained in the Holy Scrip- tized, but before taking off his tures, the articles of the Apos- yellow robes he asked permis- -Fellowship of Faith. tles' and the Nicene Creed and sion to visit various Buddhist Luther's Small Catechism. The monasteries to tell his friends of Radio for Every Town doctrinal position is expressed in his decision and the reasons for seven statements. It is a clear it. Among his listeners was this Prince Nizam of Hyderabad expression against all forms of pongyi who was mentioned has given $500,000 to install a religious syncretism and con- above. Just two days after the community radio set in every tains a definite confession of the Burmese pongyi was baptized hi:;; village of his state. Three pow- revelation of God in Christ. The first convert was added to the erful broadcasting stations will organization of the church is ranks of witnesses of the faith." be built, each transmitting pro- similar to that which has taken grams in the three chief lan- place in the churches in Africa, -Watchman-Examiner. guages spoken in Prince Nizam's especially the Gold Coast. domains. He calls radio "the A Missionary Colonel voice from the sky," and be- Telugu Mission Report lieves it can do much to educate Five years ago the Bible his people. Last year was the 99th of the Churchmen's Missionary Society American Baptist Telugu Mis- of Great Britain established a Hyderabad is the richest and sion's activity. The year's re- medical mission among the remost populous Indian State, port shows that the men and mote and neglected tribes of the with an area almost twice that women from the United States Hukawng Valley, in the northof New York State and a popu- who are engaged in this Mission ern corner of Burma. Col. S. H. lation of 15,000,000. at the present time number Middleton-West, of the Indian sixty-nine, while the native medical service, journeys by ele- -New York Times. force of ordained preachers is phant or Chinese mule, among fifty-five. The native evangelis- the primitive tribes of the valley, The Christian Church tic workers are a force of 472 carrying with him a medicine men and 219 women. There are chest and a Bible. To this center The Basel Mission has com- 356 churches on the field; of the people travel from long displeted a span of a century in its these 208 are wholly self-sup- tances to receive treatment. work in India. In itself that porting. Added to the memberwould be a notable event; but ship of the churches by baptism "Unlike most tribes the world when one considers what this ac- in 1934 were 3,492, making in over," says this missionary coltive missionary association has all, 111,717 church members. onel, "these primitive folk have been able to do by the grace of no knowledge of medicine what- God, in this long period, one may The schools continue to be a ever. When they are ill, they well understand the importance great factor in the work. While sacrifice fowls, pigs, dogs and of a review of its work by those there are only sixteen American other animals to· the evil spirits most competent to speak for it. which they believe send them the In fact, a book has appeared illness; but now they are learnwith contributions from able

ing to come to the mission hos- blame his countrymen if they Demand Exceeds Supply pital for treatment. Their chief ran every missionary out of trouble is from opium. Where- China, as she felt they had no Nanking Bible Tea c her s' as in the rest of Burma the cul- business to meddle with the Chi- School reports that the twentytivation and consumption of nese religion. My ears stuck out five graduates of last June could opium is prohibited, in the Hu- like a donkey's to catch his an- have been placed twice over; kawng Valley opium is grown swer and he said, 'Madam, China there are so many calls for and consumed in large quanti- has no religion, nor have we any- trained workers that there are ties. The people know its de- thing else that restrains us from never enough graduates to supgrading effects, and many come doing evil; we have nothing but ply the need. The students of to us for treatment. We can kindly feelings for the mission- last year represented twenty-one help them with drugs, but we aries. They are our friends.''' different churches and missions, also tell them of the Saviour who and came from fourteen provcan enable them to master their Growth of Suicide Problem inces. Their average age was craving. twenty-seven years. The total The Central China Daily News number of years of service ren- "They do not suffer from the says that suicide is becoming dered by them before entering usual diseases of civilization, but popular in China as a means of the school was 308 years. In the mainly from malaria, skin dis- gaining freedom from the cares twenty-two years of the school''3 eases, poison from bites, bamboo and troubles of this life. The history, 298 students have gradwounds and ulcers." number of suicides in the six uated. Students come not only leading cities during the month from widely scattered areas, but -The Life of Faith. of March were: Shanghai, 74 from very different environ- J;llen and 40 women ; Nanking, ments and with greatly varied CHINA 40 men and 31 women; Peiping, experiences. In the present stu- 78 men and 58 women; Tsing- dent body are fourth generation China Village Uplift tao, 72 men and 39 women; Christians, and one student has Hangchow, 74 men and 15 wom- three generations of preachers Upon invitation of the vil- en, and Hankow, 53 men and 53 back of her. Then there are lagers, twenty Min g C h 0 n g women. Most of those who com- those who come from non-Chris- (popular education) s c h 00 Is mitted self-murder were still tian homes, whose coming means have been established in as many under thirty years of age, and struggle and sacrifice because of villages, as a part of an agricul- their chief reasons for taking the opposition, and often persetural, educational and religious their lives seem to have been fi- cution of their families. program. In cooperation, clinics nancial difficulties, unemployhave been established in two of ment, unhappy love affairs and -Women and Missions: the villages; these are free, ex- domestic troubles. In 24 of cept for a registration fee of China's principal cities there After Many Years five coppers. Money for drugs were 1,604 suicides in 1933. and supplies so far have been Thirty years ago in Chuhsien contributed by American friends. The problem is as old as the a man named Chu was present The village furnishes a room for Chinese race, only the method for the annual examinations for the clinic and one for the nurse has varied with the ages. In degree under the old Confucian to sleep in. former years, high government order. Passing a small pagoda officials took some kind of nat- by the roadside, used especially Other public health measures ural poison which they always for burning paper bearing writ- carried with them when they ten character, he saw a man include Well-Baby Clinics. The were about to be beheaded by thrusting a thick book into the the order of an Emperor. Now fire. He pulled it out, remarking first one was established three the preferred method is shooting that it was a shame to burn such in a modern hotel. a good book. It was minus its years ago; it is carried on only covers and some of the leaves, The explanation seems to be but he took it home, read it, and in the fall, winter and early that many educated, modern was intensely interested, though young people prefer money to he had no way of identifying it. spring. Still another institution soul, pleasures to moral prin- ciples, suicide to a simple and This year, in Kiangshan city, is the Mothers' Club, which humble livelihood. Sui c ide s he was standing on a street which originate from poverty corner when an old man came meets to discuss child health, are fewer than among the along with a thick book under wealthy, as the poor are used to his arm. Chu felt that this thick care and training. Once a year hardships. The need is evident book and his were somewhat that the sacredness of the soul alike, and that here was the soluall their children are brought for must be impressed upon modern tion of some of his problems youth. such as who this "God" could be; medical examination, vaccina- and where the book came from. -China Weekly Review. tion and typhoid-cholera inocula- tion. – World Call.

"They Are Friends"

A correspondent in World Call writes: "At the Century of Progress Exposition in the Chinese shops, I overheard an American woman telling one of the Chinese that she did not

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

He spoke to the old man, and val. There is a general feeling· Drug Menace Growing asked what the book might be. "It is the Holy Scripture." "Yes, that no moral training is possi- The drug evil is rapidly growbut what Holy Scripture might ble without Christian training ing in Japan. Rev. Michio Koit be and what are you doing and while the prohibitions of zaki, pastor of Reinanzaka Conwith it?" "Oh, I am going to Christian schools have not been gregational Church, is telling worship, and we use this book repealed, Christian schools are his compatriots what distressing in the worship of God." "And not interfered with. things he found being carried on where do you worship?" "At under Japanese patronage by the Jesus Hall, of course." "May The society reports that it has Japanese, Korean and Chinese I come along with you and see 3,893 Christian members and dope-rings in Peiping, Tientsin this worship?" "Yes, anyone is that during the year 211 were and vicinity; and Miss Muriel welcome," and Mr. Chu and the received by baptism. There are Lester, of Kingsley Hall, London, old man went along together to in all 6 ordained missionaries, is prepared to give the world a worship. There Mr. Chu met 21 evangelists, 20 teachers and sordid story of what she saw, Mr. Ting, the colporteur, who 66 elders. was conducting the worship for that Sunday in the Kiangshan JAPAN with almost unbelieving eyes, in Church, and he was able to ex- North China. The Japanese plain a little more to him of the way of life. Seven Cooperatives Proposed Government has made heroic ef- forts in the past to keep nar- -China's Millions. Kagawa, believing that coop- cotics from the Japanese people, eratives, working side by side but institutions for assistance of The Rhenish Mission in China with capitalistic units, could narcotic victims are now finding gradually and peacefully replace themselves too busy to handle all This mission reports for 1934 them, proposes seven different the tragic cases that come to that the year just closed was types of cooperatives. They are: their attention. In one well free from major political events, producers' cooperatives, credit known reform house in Tokyo, although the fight of the govern- unions, consumers' cooperatives, 95 per cent of the cases treated ment against communism is still mutual aid organizations, insur- are Koreans. carried on vigorously. The ef- ance groups, marketing cooperaforts of Gen. Chiang Kai-shek tives and public utilities. "Chris- -The Christian Century. have been successful in freeing the province of Kiangsi of this tian cooperative associations," pest. However, the communists he told an audience recently in Prank Creates Ethical Problem have now turned to other fields and are still a great menace in Honolulu, "are the alternative Doshisha University, oldest the lands north of the Yang-tse for revolution in capitalist coun- Kiang and the province of Set- tries." and largest Christian school in chuan. In these areas the missionaries have been compelled to He had something to say about Japan, planned to place within a vacate considerable territory and war, too. He blamed it on conseveral missionaries have been fused thinking, and added: recently completed building a kidnapped and also several mur- "Confused thinking is the result dered. Several workers of the of confused, irregular living. If memorial of Joseph Neesima, Berlin Mission have been in a man abstains from liquor and founder of the university and great dan g e r temporarily. narcotics and does everything famous J a pan e s e Christian Troops of the government in possible to help himself think leader. Before the memorial Nanking and Canton have taken clearly, he will see that peace is was installed, however, a stupart in activities against these practical." dent, thinking to playa joke, set communists. up a Shinto god-shrine in the -The Christian Advocate. place of honor reserved for Nee- In the face of these disturb- sima. Now the military authoriances the Rhenish Mission has ties in Japan, despite explanabeen able to work undisturbed. The missionaries are reporting Union Theological Training tions and apologies by the offendmuch concerning the so-called ing student and a petition from "New Life Movement," started by Gen. Chiang Kai-shek. It did A plan is under way, spon- the entire student body, have not proceed from Christians nor can it be called Christian; but sored by the Japan section of the ruled that it would be an indigit is friendly to Christianity. In the south it is prohibited. In International Christian Educa- nity to the sacred deities of the the province of Canton Confucianism is experiencing a revi- tion Commission, to provide Japanese nation to have the union theological education. The Shinto shrine removed. If the Tokyo and Yokohama members school authorities dare to make of this commission have taken any change, the military au- the following action: "We rec- thorities threaten to withdraw ommend as the first step the im- all recognition from the school.

mediate establishment of a union Evidently the threat has mean- theological course which shall be ing, for at last reports the shrine preparatory to the higher work still holds the place of honor in- of the various denominational tended for Neesima. Japanese theological schools, situated in rationalize the position taken by the area near Tokyo." the military department by in- -The Christian Century. sisting that Shinto is really not

a religiQn, and that there has tions have agreed to discontinue ations, are to be included in the therefQre been nO' interference all competitive mission work in same Synod. There will be a with cQnstitutiQnal guarantees this country. Representatives Qf reduction in the number of Qffi- Qf religiQus freedQm. But many five denominations – Baptist, cial bQards. Christians, missiQnaries and Congregational-Christian, Meth- Japanese, find their minds filled odist Episcopal, Presbyterian The merged denominations with misgivings as they see this and Reformed – signed t his have a membership of about ShintO' shrine set up in a Chris- agreement Qn May 17; the Dis- 700,000. Headquarters are to tian university in the place in- ciples Qf Christ and the Evan- be continued for the present in tended fQr a memQrial to' its gelical Synod have accepted the Philadelphia and St. LQuis. Christian fQunder. agreement and representatives of each have only to' affix their -Christian Observer. -The Christian Century. signatures. Other boards have it under consideratiQn. Scientific Faith NORTH AMERICA The agreement calls for joint Dr. Arthur H. ComptQn, of Character Education planning by the various bQards, the University of ChicagO', the who will work in cQnjunction student of the cosmic ray and A cQmplete failure Qf "at- with a Comity Committee of the the winner of the Nobel Prize in tempts to' achieve character edu- state home missiQns council; if 1927, expressed before an emicatiQn withQut the aid Qf reli- such a cQmmittee dQes nQt exist, nent grQUp Qf scientists in ChigiQUS mQtivatiQn" is repQrted by one will be formed. cagO', his belief in God and in the the Presbyterian BQard Qf Chris- intelligence and order of the unitian EducatiQn, which annQunces -Federal Council Bulletin. verse. plans fQr jQining aggressively in a cQQperative effQrt by 37 Qther Useful Missionary Society He tOQk the positiQn that churches in America "fQr the ex- "faith in God may be a thoroughtensiQn Qf Christian educatiQn to' The native mission church at ly scientific attitude, even though the milliQns Qf unreached chil- Metlakatla, Alaska, has cause to we may be unable to prove the' dren and' yQung peQple." Sun- be prQud Qf its missionary so- correctness of our belief." He: day church schQQls are still fail- ciety. Last year they worked said: ing to' enlist mQre than 40 to' 50 hard to raise their cQntribution per cent Qf their PrQtestant CQn- for natiQnal and foreign mis- "Science can have no quarrel stituency. MilliQns Qf nQminally sions, did sewing for Sheldon with a religiQn which postulates PrQtestant children in Qur CQun- Jackson School, and contributed a God to whom men are as His try are withQut any systematic fOQd for Haines House. They children. Not that science in any religiQus training. As fQr the also attended to many local way shows such a relationship. future, says the repQrt, it is cer- needs, such as prQviding clothes If a religion which makes such tain that vacatiQn and week-day fQr poor children, helping care an assumption does not have its, church schQQls will have a large for the sick, calling Qn the be- own evidence, it should not look part in the plan. A gain in the reaved, preparing lunches for to science. But the evidence for past year Qf 152 V a cat i 0' n men who were cutting WOQd for an intelligent PQwer wQrking iIT Church SchQQls cQnducted by the church, cleaning the church, the wQrld, which science Qffers,. Presbyterian c h u r c h e s is an- and raising $40 toward painting dQes make such a postulate: nQunced by the BQard. The tQtal the church. Their interest and plausible. . . . number Qf such schQQls was influence ext end s to every 3,358, enrQlling 235,393 pupils. branch of church work. "As we recognize the great- ness Qf the program of nature', MQre than 8,000 YQung peQ- -Presbyterian Banner. which is unfQlding before us, we; pIe Qf cQllege and high schQQI feel that we are part of a great age attended last year's Presby- New Evangelical and Refo'l'med enterprise in which some mighty terian summer cQnferences. The Church intelligence is wQrking Qut a hid- 8,000, the repQrt states, went den plan. back to' their hQme churches It was announced on July 13 with a new understanding ,of that the tentative draft Qf a new "Indeed, God has placed us iIT Christian living and Qf the work cQnstitution for the newly or- a position to help in furthering' Qf the Church, with new willing- ganized Evangelical and Re- His prQgram." ness to do church work and with fQrmed Church has been prethe i r characters increasingly pared. The new cQnstitution will A Study of Financial Trends steeled to meet their everyday cQntain many features that are prQblems. different from those of either of Dr. Charles Stelzle has made the former Churches. Provision an analysis of the ten-year pe- To End Competition is being made fQr a full-time riQd from 1925-1934, inclusive, president as the Qfficial head of to show how much members of The Home Missions Council the Church. All Qf the congre- leading Protestant c h u I' C h e s has wQrked out a plan under gatiQns in a given territQry, ir- throughout the United States which a number of denomina- respective of former affiliation, gave to the work of their language used, or other consider- churches during the past ten years. It is indicated that con- tributiQns per capita for all pur- poses declined 43 per cent. 0'1"

for worship, hand- Creative Learning. J. M. Price, J. L. America, arriving on March 13

work and games. Corzine. 75 cents. 268 pp. Bap- Eighteen months later Miss Carrie tist Sunday School Board, Nash- The Three-Cornered Continent. By ville. Elder joined him on the field and Margaret Applegarth. Cloth, 75 they were married in Cairo in 1876. cents; paper, 50 cents. Facing Two Ways – The Story of Dr. Alexander was stationed at As- My Life. Baroness Shidzue Ishi- suit College of which he later became A series of stories about South moto. 373 pp. $3.50. Farrar and president. Dr. Alexander is still re- America published by the Cen- Rinehart. New York. siding in Egypt. tral Committee on the United Study of Foreign Missions. Making the World Christian. P. E. *** Borroughs, Arthur J. Brown, John FOR PRIMARY GROUPS D. Freeman. 334 pp. 75 cents. Rev. George W. Gibb has been ap- Baptist Sunday School Board. pointed General Director of the China Around a Mexican Patio. By Ethel L. Nashville. Inland Mission to take the place of Smther. Cloth, $1.00; paper, 75 cents. Schoolhouse in the Foothills. Ella Mr. D. E. Hoste who has retired. Mr. Enslow and Alvin F. Harlow. 239 Gibb went to China in 1894 and was a This unit of work on Mexican pp. $2.00. Simon & Shuster. New notable success in one position and life, based on actual teaching ex- York. another and thus was recognized as a periences, contains ten suggested man who was steadily growing in sessions for the leader who de- Studies in Ephesians. E. Y. Mullins. sires definite procedures, and a 144 pp. Cloth, 60 cents; paper, 40 grace, knowledge and power. Upon synopsis of a fuller unit for the cents. Baptist Sunday School him devolved a large share of the leader who desires to build her Board, Nashville, Tenn. heavy burden of formulating the prinown course. The sources include ciples and promoting the program of informational material and a se- Old Testament Biographies. H. W. rial story which will appeal to Tribble, John L. Hill, Kyle M. the Forward Movement which the children of primary age. Yates. 329 pp. 75 cents. Baptist Mission decided upon in 1929. Sunday School Board. Nashville, Rafael and Consuelo. By Florence Tenn. *** C. Means and Harriet L. Fullen. Boards, $1.00; paper, 75 cents. 1929. They That Sow. Mary Warburton Dr. Julius Richter of Berlin is in Booth. 200 pp. 3s. 6d. Pickering America attending the meeting of the Stories and a project course & Inglis. London. on Mexicans in this country. International Missionary Council. He I Go a Fishing. John McNeill. 128 is available for addresses in October SUPPLEMENTAL MATERIAL pp. 1s. Pickering & Inglis. Lon- and November. don. Keswick. Fun and Festival from Latin Amer- *** ica. By Winifred Hulbert. Paper, Church, Community and State – A 25 cents. World Issue. J. H. Oldham. Rev. J. Kelly Unger, missionary to Pamphlet. 35 cents. Harper and Korea, is now in America and avail- Games, songs, program fea- Brothers. New York and London. able for addresses on missionary work tures, costumes, refreshments 1935. among the lepers. and suggestions for dramatizations. The Answer of God. Marshall Broom- *** hall. Seventieth Anniversar:ll; of Picture Map of Mexico. 30×50 inches; the China Inland Mission. London, President James H. Franklin of to be colored. 50 cents. Philadelphia, Toronto. 1935. Crozer Theological Seminary was Paper Dolls-Mexico. A sheet of Personal Items two paper dolls in color, with elected president of the Northern changes of costume. 25 cents. Dr. J. R. Alexander, of the United Presbyterian Church, recently cele- Baptist Convention for the year Latin American Neighbors Picture brated his diamond jubilee or 60 years Sheet. A folder of 16 pictures. 25 of service in Egypt. He went out from 1935-6. * * :{: cents. Home Missions Number Dr. Paul W. Rood, nationally Latin American Picture Stories. A known evangelist, has accepted the pamphlet of six short stories, suit- OUR JUNE ISSUE presidency of the Los Angeles Bible able for telling, accompanied by ClW e still have on hand a limited Institute. illustrative pictures about 9×13 quantity of the June issue of THE inches. 50 cents. REVIEW – our Home Missions *** Number. Ittakes up various phases Wall Map of Latin America. 36×46 of the work carried on among wild Rev. E. C. Lobenstine went to inches; locates nearly all Protestant Indians, among Negroes, Mormons China in 1898 as a missionary of the mission stations. 60 cents. and Orientals, among mountain- Board of Foreign Missions of the eers a n settlers on western prai- Presbyterian Church in the U. S. Large Outline Map of Latin America. ries; in Alaska and the West In- His principal contribution has been in 28×32 inches. 25 cents. dies; among immigrants in city building up Christian cooperation in slums and in mining towns. China. He is now retiring, after 37 Small Outline Maps of Latin Amer- years of service. ica. llx14 inches. 25 cents per ClDon't miss the value of a study of dozen. this subject such as the June 1935 *** issue affords. New Books === ORDER NOW=== Rev. Emory Ross, who was for The Bible and the Bible School. J. Single copies, 25c. In hundred lots, 20c each many years the able secretary of the B. Weathersoon, G. S. Dobbins. 280 Congo Protestant Council and the pp. 75 cents. Baptist Sunday The Missionary Review of the World editor of the Congo Mission News, has School Board. Nashville. been appointed executive secretary of Subscription CJJepartment Third and Reily Streets, Harrisburg, Pa. the American Congo Committee. Mr. Ross is also executive secretary of the I~ _ _-_____ _____________ newly organized American Committee on the Ethiopian Crisis which has been formed to aid in maintaining peace between Italy and Ethiopia; to aid Ethiopia by peaceful means in preserving her historic political and territorial sovereignty and to main- tain close relations with the Imperial Ethiopian Government, and in so far as may be mutually desired to act un- officially between its representatives and interested groups outside of Ethiopia.

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The Missionary Review of the World — November 1932

1932

A Brahniin Who Sought Peace Glenn B. Ogden The Conquering Christ in·South America Samuel Guy Inman Religion-By Evolution or Revelation· Samuel M. Zwem.er A Pastor's Opportunity Francis Shunk Downs Missions to Indians-Yesterday and Today Thomas C.· Moffett Oases in the Good Earth G. Carleton Lacy

STANLEY HIGH Editorial Chat THE MISSIONARY

The New Crisis The demand for the July-August OF THE WORLD issue of THE REVIEW, on the Amerin the Far East ican Indian, exhausted the first edi- Delavan L. Pierson, Editor tion and it has been reprinted. Copies Christianitg and Opposing Forces may be obtained, if ordered promptly, Vol. LV Nov., 1932 No. 11 at 25 cents each, $20 a hundred. An indispensable handbook for those FRONTISPIECE ………. 578 who desire something more than a news- *** paper acquaintance with the world's TOPICS OF THE TIMES … 579 most serious international crisis. $1.00 The special Christmas offer of THE REVIEW appears on page 623. Don't Thanksgiving Under Difficulties The Uncut Nerve of Missions, miss it! This gives an opportunity to Laymen Appraise Foreign 'Mis- bring pleasure and help to pastors, by Cleland B. McAfee missionaries and other friends and at sions the same time to help the Cause of Where There Is No Missionary Dr. McAfee's latest book is for those deeply con- Christ whose coming to earth we are commemorating. Depression cerned as to what the future holds of duty and Sunday School Leaders at Rio opportunity in the Mission field. *** $1.50 A BRAHMIN WHO Read the comments on the Lay- SOUGHT PEACE ……. 583 New life Through God, men's Roreign Mission Inquiry (on page 580) and you will be convinced Glenn B. Ogden of Kasganj, India by Toyohiko Kagawa that the work of evangelical missions is not completed either at home or THE CONQUERING "If you're not too Western to take a good straight abroad. THE MISSIONARY RE- CHRIST IN SOUTH VIEW OF THE WORLD fills a more AMERICA ………….. 588 dose of Christian preaching from an Oriental, important need than ever. Samuel Guy Inman of New York you'll find, as I did, that it is a really powerful *** RELIGION – BY EVOLUbook. In Japan it is selling by the hundred thous- We have on hand some very at- TION OR BY REVELA- tractive colored Bible pictures (6 1,4 x TION ………………. 591 and."-Christian Advocate. $1.50 8% ) suitable for missionary use. These will be furnished free as long Samuel M. Zwemer of Princeton Religions of Old Korea, as the supply lasts. WHAT THE "MAN OF by Charles Allen Clark, Ph.D. * *' * HOPO" THINKS OF THE CHRISTIAN CHURCH … 594 A II permanent contribution to the literature bearing READ WHAT READERS SAY on Asiatic faiths."-King's Business. A PASTOR'S OPPORTU- "There is no magazine that we en- NITY ………………. 595 Illustrated, $2.50 joy reading more than THE RE- VIEW. It fills a place no other mag- Francis Shunk Downs of Berkeley, A Jolly Journal, azine can fill." California by Isabel Crawford BERTHA M. LUCK, A JAPANESE ST. FRAN- CIS ………………… 599 Anyone who knows Isabel Crawford, author of Woman's Board of Missions, Nashville, Tenn. The Editor "Kiowa," etc., is well aware that she can never say nor write anything that isn't interesting, in- *** MISSIONS TO INDIANSstructive and entertainin~. YESTERDAY AND TO- Illustrated, $1.50 "I prize THE REVIEW more and DAy ………………. 601 more every year. The October num- The Course of Christian ber is great! Please send me an extra Thomas C. Moffett of New York copy and a Christmas Gift subscrip- Missions, tion to my daughter." OASES IN THE GOOD EARTH ……………. 603 by William Owen Carver, D.O. THE REV. L. B. WOLF, D.D., United Lutheran Church, G. Carleton Lacy of Shanghai A succinct yet comprehensive record, which traces Baltimore, Md. OVERCOMING 0 B S T A – the main line of the history and development of *** CLES IN CHINA …….. 606 missions down to the present day. $3.00 "The July issue of THE REVIEW Wm. H. Gleysteen of Peiping went like the proverbial 'hot cakes' at An American Doctor each of the conferences I attended and EFFECTIVE WAY S OF at Work in India, I wished for many more." WORKING …………. 609 by Sir W. J. Wanless, M.D. MRS. DAN BRUMMIT, Edited by Mrs. Estella S. Aitchison Introduction by Robert E. Speer, D.D. An Kansas City. WOMEN'S HOME MISSION BULLETIN …………. 612 important record of his own experiences by one held OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTin the highest regard by those familiar with medical LOOK ……………… 615 missions. $1.50 OUR MISSIONARY BOOK- SHELF •……………. 621 New Revised Edition Publication Office The Foreign Missionary, 40 S. Meridian St., Indianapolis, by Arthur Judson Brown, D.O. Indiana A new and thoroughly revised edition of a mis- Editorial and Business Office sionary classic by one who has been described as 156 Fifth Avenue, New York City "the highest authority on problems relating to Christian civilization in the Far East." Net, $2.00 Entered as second-class matter at Post-Office, Indianapolis, Ind., under HUGH REDWOOD :Act of March 3, 1879. G d · h' n t e O· I FIRST 25 cents a copy-$2.50 a year romON Foreign Postage 50 cents a year Shad0 ws FIFTY THOUSAND Published monthly-All rights reserved Copyrighted 1932 by the The author's "God in the Slums" has already sold MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBin the United States and Great Britian nearly three LISHING CO., INC.

hundred thousand. The new book is starting off with BOARD OF DIRECTORS ROBERT E. SPEER, President an edition of fifty thousand and should quickly take its WM. I. CHAMBERLAIN, Vice-President WALTER McDOUGALL, Treasurer place among the best selling religious books in two DELAVAN L. PIERsON, Secretary SAMUEL MCCREA CAVERT continents. $1.00 MRS. ORRIN R. Juno WM. B. LIPPHARD Fleming H. Revell Company ERIC M. NORTH MILTON J. STAUFFER New York ,. « 158 Fifth Avenue A. L. W ARNSHUIS SAMUEL M. ZWEMER

A. C. CHAKRAVARTI (WITH BABY) IN HIS CHRISTIAN ASHRAM, WITH HIS FAMILY AND CHRISTIAN

A RECENT PHOTOGRAPH OF HINDU GURUS, PRIESTS AND PANDITS, WITH CHRISTIANS, AT MR. CHAKRAVARTI'S ASHRAM Sweeper (untouchable) Christians are included in this Ashram, with Purdah women (behind the doors)', who have never before joined in any Christian meeting. (See page 583.) REVIB ORLD VOLUME LV AN INTERDENOMINATIONAL REVIEW OF WORLD-WIDE CHRISTIAN PROGRESS NUMBER 11 NOVEMBER, 1932 Topics of the Times THANKSGIVING UNDER DIFFICULTIES and difficulties; for the incentives to return to a Many may find it difficult this year to celebrate simpler, more healthful manner of life; for fam- the national Thanksgiving Day with the zest they ilies reunited through the new need for economy; have shown in prosperity. In America alone for public officials who are true to their trust and some ten million workers are out of employment; are seeking to serve with all their powers; for thousands have lost all their material possessions the example of nations like Great Britain and and multitudes are dependent on public charity statesmen like President Hoover; for schools, hos- for their daily bread. pitals, churches and other institutions that con- It is true that prosperity has led to thoughtless- tinue to build up character and life; for our in- ness, wastefulness and self-indulgence. Many heritance-individual, national, religious.

have thought that they could do without God and We may also give thanks for the true founda- have neglected His laws, His worship, His Word tions of society that are laid bare when the tem- and His service. Like Israel of old we have gone porary superstructure is laid low; for the love of astray and have turned everyone to his own way, family and friends; for our homes and children; rather than walked in the way of God. for the business man and teachers who remain Adversity has a sobering influence. Men see true in the midst of adversity; for the conscious- that money will not buy security or happiness ness that troubles come to pass-not to remain; and that human institutions are weak and apt to that the future holds larger possibilities of satis- crumble. Unless blinded by ignorance and preju- faction than the present; for God's good gifts of dice, we realize that the spiritual things are the sunshine and showers, of the many dependable things that abide and that we cannot truly live natural resources of earth and the heavens, of without God. Dr. J. Stuart Holden of London in- mind and spirit.

terprets the prophecy of Habakkuk as bringing We may well give thanks for God-given ability us this message: "Though all my profits be to learn lessons from past and present experi- swept away and I be left without a credit balance; ences; for the privilege of work and the opportu- though all my dividends be passed; and though nity to show kindness to others; for the many the value of all my securities disappears in the earnest endeavors to establish peace, righteous- economic blizzard, yet will I rejoice in God and ness and brotherhood among men; for the prog- joy that I am living! The world has lost noth- ress of Christian missions and the establishment ing till it has lost God ! " . of groups of earnest believers in God in all lands; When we set ourselves to thinking seriously we for the spiritual awakenings in Persia and Africa, find that we have many true reasons for thanks- in India and Burma, in Siam and China, in Korea giving in these days through which we are pass- and Japan, in Latin America and the islands of ing. Here are some topics for thought or for the sea, in the cities and towns all over North sermons. America; we give thanks that the mercy of God We may give thanks for the failure of folly to has not failed; that the eternal verities cannot satisfy; for the sobering influence of adversity; be swept away by material catastrophies; we may for the shattering of self-complacency and self- still rest confident in God as the all-wise, loving sufficiency; for new sources of help revealed; for creator, in Christ and His Way of Life, and in the the spirit of courage manifested by those who fulfillment of His promises.

suffer; for unselfish service rendered to those in In fact, when we compare our cause fordissat~ need; for many victories over discouragements isfaction with our reasons for thanksgiving, have [579 ]

we any reasons for discouragement or complaint? meantime extensive extracts have been given to There is good reason to make this season one the press. The "Appraisers" commend Christian of true thanksgiving to God; a season of hope missionary work as a whole and recognize many and joy; a time to mark new beginnings and a benefits that have come to humanity from the sinbrighter outlook. Let us think and thank God! cerity, courage and devotion of men ,and women who have given their lives and their money to pro- LAYMEN APPRAISE FOREIGN MISSIONS mote it. But they declare that "far reaching changes" must now be made if further support is In January, 1930, a small group of American warranted and if we are to expect success. Christian laymen decided to look into this Foreign Missionary business. This was natural and They summarize their view of the problem and right. Over $40,000,000 are contributed annually point out what they conceive to be the present to be spent by American Protestant mission weaknesses of the enterprise. They then make boards to promote Christianity abroad. Nearly general recommendations along the following 30,000 American and European missionaries are lines: giving their lives to this service. The work has not been without result, for forty thousand mis- 1. Mission workers should join with the Hindus, Mossion churches have been established in non-Chris- lems and Buddhists to counteract the growth of athetian lands and over eight million people are now ism, irreligion and materialism, rather than undertake allied with these Christian missions. But re- to combat the non-Christian religions. cently missionary contributions at home have been falling off. Travelers and others have criticized 2. Missionaries must make a sympathetic study of other the work. Some say that it is faulty and old religions to discover the points of agreement with fashioned; some that it is useless; others that it Christianity; they must present positive rather than is the greatest work in the world. 'Some hold that negative conceptions of life and religion. we spend too much for foreign missions, others too little. Some complain about the methods, 3. We should drop theological disputes and "separate others about the type of missionaries sent and Christianity from our Western history and agencies, the kind of institutions established abroad. Whom presenting it as a universal religion." shall we believe? 4. The missionary personnel must be more carefully se- When funds for an investigation were independ- lected by home boards, with a view to technical effiently provided, this small group of laymen decided ciency, discarding those of limited ability and narrow to look into the matter-not as opponents of the outlook. work but as friends. Seven large church boards agreed to cooperate, and sponsors, or "directors 5. The churches on the mission fields should take the of the inquiry," were selected from the cooperat- initiative in indicating how many and what kind of ing denominations. Three groups of specialists, missionaries they wish sent to their field. "Fact Finders," were sent in advance to India, China and Japan to gather material. Next fifteen 6. Sectarianism at home and on the mission field should men and women were asked to visit these fields to be discarded in favor of unity and cooperation-not investigate and report-all expenses paid. Before necessarily uniformity. they left America a year ago five volumes of the printed report of the "Fact Finders" were placed 7. Boards at home should unite to set up a general adin the Commissioners' hands. Then they set out ministrative board to promote and supervise the work to discover the answers to three main questions: of all the denominations. This super-mission agency should be made up of executives and of laymen out- 1. In view of present conditions is there need to continue side the boards. or expand foreign missionary work in non-Christian lands? There are commendable points in their recom- mendations. There is recognition of the value of 2. Are the present ideals and methods satisfactory; if the Christian message and the need for sharing not, what changes should be made? with others the values we have found in Christ; there is acknowledgment of the common need of 3. In view of modern conceptions of culture and religion, "salvation" from ignorance and failure. There is what should be the attitude of Christians toward those frank recognition of faults of the Christian of other religious faiths? Church and the need to correct them-sectarian rivalry, self-complacency and lack of appreciation The Appraisal Commission, after nine months of others. There is emphasis on the importance on the field, has recently returned and has pre- of sending only our best as missionaries, and on sented their report to the Directors of the Inquiry. the prime importance of a vital Christian life and Later this is to be submitted to the seven cooper- experience. The Commissioners realize that Christianity grows by "sharing" and that the ating boards* and may then be published. In the strength of the Church in the field is shown by its quality and influence rather than by statistical tables.

* The cooperating boards are the Baptist (Northern), Congrega- tional, Dutch Reformed, Episcopal, Methodist EpIscopal (North), Pres- byterian (North), and United Presbyterian. These boards have coop- erated only by conference with the Commissioners and by facilitating their investigation.

TOPICS OF THE TIMES

The personnel of the Commission* assures us of God as manifesting His purpose and power to- of an honest, courageous and intelligent piece of day in Christian missions; no recognition of the work. M.any of their criticisms seem justified. guidance and work of the Holy Spirit, or of the Any careful appraisal of their report must await importance of prayer. A humanistic philosophy its publication in full, but these advance instal- dominates the recommendations.

ments give grounds for some misgivings as to its 8. A super-board of missions will not be ac- real value and influence. ceptable to the Church at home. The Inter- 1. The report deals with generalities more Church World Movement brought catastrophe, not than with concrete facts as to methods and re- triumph.

sults. The Commissioners might almost have This report should not be taken to represent written it without leaving America. the judgment of the cooperating mission boards.

2. They conceive of missions from the stand- It will not be presented to them until November point of human philosophy, and on a cultural 18th. What are conceived to be weaknesses in basis, rather than as the fulfillment of a divine the report should not prevent acknowledgment of commission to spread everywhere the Good News its commendable features or hinder the correction of life through Christ. The Commissioners of weaknesses in missionary work as conducted clearly speak as philosophers and educationalists today. We need to reappraise our motives, our rather than as evangelists. personnel, our expenditures and our methods to 3. They apparently fail to see any vital dif- bring them into harmony with the Spirit and ference between "religion" in general 'and the standards of Christ. We believe that if the re- Christian religion in particular; between human port as it stands were adopted by the boards- ethnic beliefs and practices, and the revelation of which we doubt-it would weaken rather than God through His Son Jesus Christ. As a result strengthen evangelical missions ; it would reduce they suggest alliance with other religions to com- rather than increase missionary gifts; it would bat irreligion. This is unthinkable and unwork- lead to a greater division rather than greater able from a Christian point of view. unity in the churches. Christianity is not a phil- 4. Apparently the Appraisers have very little osophy of life. The essence of Christianity is understanding of the evils associated with Hindu- Christ. The only successful mission work is that ism, Buddhism and Islam or of their failure to which extends His rule over men who acknowl- make known God and victorious love. The New edge Him as Divine Saviour and Lord. Let us Testament teaches that the followers of these re- seek to make missions more Christ-like.

ligions have an equal spiritual need with atheists WHERE THERE IS NO MISSIONARY and materialists, that men are immortal souls, as DEPRESSION well as social humans.

5. The attitude of the report toward Christian It is an astonishing fact that the cooperating evangelism is unsatisfactory. The Appraisers missionary societies in the Netherlands are not recommend that medical and educational missions suffering from the present depression. The in- be separated from evangelistic work-the definite come of these societies in 1931 was F1.25,000 effort to win men to Christ. ($10,000) larger than in 1930; and in the first 6. There is a lack of any consideration of the six months of 1932 it was F1.70,000 ($28,700) comparative spiritual values and results of vari- larger than in the same period of 1931. Three ous types of mission work-educational, medical, reasons are suggested to explain this fact.

social and evangelistic. Apparently the Ap- The first is that these Christian people love mis- praisers are not very familiar with such remark- sions. The National "Mission-fest," held last July able spiritual awakenings and transformations as on the grounds of the palace of the Queen-Mother have taken place in North Korea, ,among the at Soestdijk near Amersfoort, gave ample evi- Telugus in India and in many parts of China. It dence of this. In spite of a rainy day, over three would be interesting to know how they would ap- thousand people were present. If the weather praise such work as that of the China Inland Mis- had been more friendly, from eight to ten thou- sion, the Japan Evangelistic Band and the Dohna- sand people might have been expected. From vur Fellowship. three platforms speakers gave addresses to peo- 7. There seems to be no adequate recognition ple sheltering themselves under umbrellas.

• The Appraisal Commission was made up of the following: Prof. There were many interesting features to this and Mrs. Wm. E. Hocking of Harvard; Pres. Clarence A. Barbour of "fest". In the program especial consideration Brown University; Edgar H. Betts of Troy; Pres. Arlo A. Brown of was given to the younger people. Popular ad- Drew University; Dr. Charles P. Emerson, University of Indiana dresses were interspersed among those of a more Medical School; Dr. Henry S. Houghton, University of Iowa M<dical solid character, required to satisfy a Dutch audi- School; Prof. Rufus M. Jones of Haverford College; Dr. Wm. P. Mer- ence. The varied and picturesque costumes worn rill, pastor of Brick Church, N. Y. C.; Albert L. Scott of N. Y.; Mr. and Mrs. Harper Sibley of Rochester; Dr. Henry C. Taylor, agricultural specialist; Vice-Pres. Woodward of the University of Chicago; and Miss Ruth F. Woodsmall of Indianapolis.

were evidence that the people came from all parts vidual giver is card-catalogued. Every gift is of the country and from rural classes as well as systematically followed up, and if it is not refrom the city. The Queen-Mother was there, but peated in due time the reason is sought. Here the Queen and her Consort were prevented by is a lesson for wasteful, inefficient Americans! absence from the country. The deep interest in What gains in economy and in effectiveness might foreign missions and the manifest devotion of the be made if our mission boards would seek the people to this cause was evident. What other largest possible cooperation in administration! purpose could bring them together on a rainy day for an outdoor series of addresses? A. L. WARNSHUIS.

A second reason for the steady support of mis- SUNDAY SCHOOL LEADERS AT RIO sions by the Christians in Holland may be found in the fact that the income of the societies de- While Brazil was experiencing a formidable repends not upon large gifts but on a multitude of bellion (which has since been terminated), Parasmall gifts. This means extensive and effective guay and Bolivia were contending for Chaco, missionary education, and a thorough-going culti- Chile was experiencing one political upheaval vation of individual givers and of pastors and after another, and Colombia and Peru were on church leaders. A detailed study of the methods the verge of warfare, representatives from thiradopted by these Dutch missionary societies in ty-three nations gathered at Rio de Janeiro in the cultivation of their constituency·would be the interests of world-wide Sunday school work. suggestive and stimulating. But the essential fact is that the base of missionary support is The number of enrolled delegates was 1,619 broad and wide as well as deep, and when the and one of the open air meetings brought together shock of economic depression comes the results some 10,000 people. Several hundred more were are not so destructive as when the opposite is prevented from attending the convention by the true. revolution which blockaded Sao Paulo.

A third fact to be noted is the extent of suc- This great international gathering represented, cessful cooperation in the work of the missionary as Sir Harold Mackintosh, the President, said, societies in Holland. Eight societies have united "the greatest and mightiest voluntary movement their administrative work. Each has maintained in the world, cooperating for the Christian eduits separate organization, treasury, and work in cation of the coming generation." The motto of the field, but the executive secretarial work, both the convention, "The Living Christ"-or in Portuas related to the cultivation of the home constitu- guese, 0 Christo Vivo-presented a striking conencies and the administration abroad, has been trast to images of the divine Babe and the dead united under one staff in the headquarters at Christ seen in the churches of Brazil and so uni- Oegstgeest, near Leiden. Instead of eight or pos- versally held up for worship in Roman Catholic sibly ten secretaries for these eight societies, countries. there are five-two for the homebase, two for the work abroad, and one general secretary. This One of the significant features of this convenunion has resulted both in economy and in effi- tion was the series of six seminar groups which, ciency. With separate organizations and one sec- under skillful leadership, discussed important retary, or in some cases two for each society, one topics connected with Christian religious educaman must spread his service over the whole field, tion and presented their findings to the convenboth at home and abroad, and can specialize in tion. The first session was opened on July 25th neither without weakening his effectiveness in one by Dean Luther A. Weigle of Yale University, or the other department. and the program was enriched by addresses by Christians from many lands. A chorus of 500 A visit to the Oegstgeest headquarters im- voices, an impressive pageant, "Christ of the presses one with the efficiency of the administra- Ages," and an educational exhibit were attractive tive organization, in the most improved machines features of the convention. Daily noon prayer and methods for their office work and in their meetings were held to seek divine guidance, felknowledge of missionary problems, always abreast lowship and power. The use of the large Municiof the best in the world. This effective coopera- pal Theater was granted by the Government free tion makes possible the successful missionary edu- of charge and many Brazilians united in offercation to which reference has been made. Summer ing generous hospitality. The convention made schools are provided to such an extent that every a profound impression on Brazilians and has pastor in Holland can attend. one every three or without doubt given a strong impetus to evangelifour years, and by the systematic working of the cal work in this great country which has now the home field every pastor has such an opportunity. strongest Protestant body in Latin America and The record of every congregation and every indi- where there are still large reaches of territory untouched by the Gospel of Christ.

A Brahmin Who Sought

By the REV. GLENN B. OGDEN Kasganj, United Provinces, India Missionary of the American Presbyterian Church. 1916- I T was a hot, sticky evening such as Calcutta came so fast and so easily? He had in a few produces in abundance during the course of years edited and sent through the press nearly all a year. A high caste Bengali business man of the ancient and best loved Sanskrit books of sat cross-legged on his floor mat, surrounded by the Hindus. Among his friends Chakravarti his ledgers, closing up business for the day. numbered outstanding men like the great poet "Just what am I getting out of all this sweat- Tagore, business men, professional men and land- ing over money? Who would pick up the lines lords. Houses he had, lands, country estates. A and drive on as I am doing were I to drop out hundred seventy-five miles from Calcutta, on the of the picture this night? Have I found heart banks of a stream chiselling its way through gran- peace-Shanti? Am I getting the best out of ite banks, he had built a country house in a de- life? Does the way I am going promise ultimate lightful garden, surrounded by mangoe, guava satisfaction? Will it bring me at last to peace?" and other Bengali fruit trees; there he expected Thus the soliloquy went on in his heart. to spend the latter years of his life in quiet devo- As a boy A. C. Chakravarti had gone to school tions, religious exercises and meditations.

in the city of his birth, Dacca, some two hundred This would be quite in keeping with the prac- miles east of Calcutta. All during his school days tice of Indian gentlemen. After money had been grinding poverty fostered within his young breast accumulated, and children grown to maturity and the determination to become a rich man when were able to look after the family affairs, then once school days were left behind. At last, with the father might retire from business and try to a capital of thirty rupees (about ten dollars), he find satisfaction in the consolations of religion.

started a book shop in the great University city. For years Chakravarti had been trying to find Such was his skill, application, and resourceful- the peace which the "world" gives. His last worry ness that within a year ten thousand rupees had would disappear when he had successfully comrolled in. Chakravarti began to acquire wealth pleted the marriage arrangements of his two and fame-but he forgot all about God and future charming and much-loved daughters. He thought life. that he was free from cares and anxieties and would be able to live on the income turned in by Some years passed, bringing us to the time his agents. when our story begins. Just why this Hindu should be talking thus to himself he did not know.

Ought not he of all men to be happy? He was Disillusionment a Brahmin of the Brahmins, having an excellent Sanskrit education; he was a writer of school But now something was disturbing him. He textbooks and a good enough salesman to per- was tired of this sort of peace, and disillusioned suade the Department of Education to accept his he gave himself to the study and practice of palm- books in competition with others. Money was istry and astrology. Again quick proficiency re- coming in, more money than he knew what to warded his efforts. He had been terribly upset do with-book seller, printer, writer that he was. by the horoscope of his elder daughter, for it re- He gave help to others with a free hand. The vealed to him that she was doomed to die within oGcasional wandering fakirs (out of the hundreds three months. Pain began to crush his heart.

of thousands of naked or half naked sadhus who The world had failed to give him peace and he wander over India in the name of religion) who resolved to seek it from some other source.

came to Chakravarti's shop found themselves well Then came this arresting, puzzling, gripping rewarded. For into the till would go his hand question: "Have you found God .?" The Hindu to gather whatever might come first, whether sil- has some conception of God even though it be ver or notes. Why bother to count it or account nothing more than that of the impersonal, un- for it when one had more than he needed, and it knowable, non-emotional IT, called Brahm. Being [583 ]

reabsorbed into this state, and losing one's iden- their stock of merit by casting coins or gifts of tity completely, is the Hindu conception of bliss. food before the holy man, he had abundance. If Chakravarti sat for a long time thinking. He lean days came he gave it little thought. He was had to admit that he was far from having found giving himself to the reading of the sacred scrip- Shanti, for which every devout Hindu longs most. tures of India, meditation, certain forms of Having everything that the world could give, he prayer, self-denial at every hand.

had with it all a heavy, burdened heart. Imagine yourself following such a course of "Well then," said he, "why not find? If the rigor for ten days. This man followed it for ten way you are following leads only to a dead end, years. He was in earnest; he was heart hungry; if it has not brought you what you most desire, he wanted something supremely. No cost was too why not set out and find? Why not act now? great if only it would bring the desired peace of Nothing is gained by delay. The present course heart. Then he began to evaluate the way he will never bring you what you want." had come since in the counting house at Calcutta But what would bring peace? Could one be he had made his great decision. Again came the sure of a way? He acted with firm resolve and questions: "Where has it brought you? Does it decided on the only way of which he knew-the hold out hope of ultimate finding? Have you way of the Hindu Yogi. It is the way of austeri- found God ?" To all of these questions, in all hon- ties, putting away of the world and repressing esty, he had to answer that he was precisely where all human desires. The trail of the Yogi leads he was ten years back. The practical mind of to the desert, the mountain cave, the grass thatch the business man could have but one reaction to by a river's brink. It means days and months this discovery. "If you have not found, if you and years spent in pious, rigorous devotions, see no hope of finding along this way, you are on meditations, exercises, with the hope that at last the wrong road. Try another."

one will be able to break through into the pres- At this juncture an old debt was paid by a for- ence of reality and find peace. mer debtor in Calcutta. This provided enough So it was that Chakravarti divested himself of to take him and his wife and daughters back to his business, turning it over to a company of men Dacca. Here he joined, first, the popular school who later ran it into the ground. With just of Vaishnavism and then, a reformed Vaishnav enough money to take him and his wife and two sect of Hindus, the "Chaitanya Math" or Theistic little daughters to Puri, he set out from the great Vedantist society. It is this society that sends city to take up his new life as a Yogi by the sea- the Hindu Swamis over to America to delude gulli- shore. Three hundred miles southwest of Cal- ble men and women with a plausible philosophy cutta, by Puri's sacred bathing ghat where every of Krishna. They have sloughed off much of the year hundreds of thousands of weary, heart- more crass elements of Hinduism. They consider hungry, yet hopeless, pilgrims come to bathe and the Bhagavata, the book of books. They hold and seek release from the burden of sin, he took up teach many noble truths derived from this and his abode. other of their sacred books.

Life as a "Holy Man" Chakravarti, leaving home and family and sev- ering all connections with those who loved him, Hair uncut, finger nails left to grow as they soon became one of the leading workers of this would, body neglected, trying ever to subdue the society. With a band of disciples he would go material desires, he lived the life of a "holy" man. about over Bengal preaching and teaching in her To a visitor, the love India still has for her villages and cities, collecting funds for his soci- "holy men" is phenomenal. Poor, ignorant, ety and furthering the interests of his mission.

yearning, wistful, hungry India all but worships To be a devotee one must leave home and love only at the feet of these men who have seemingly sac- the world of men.

rificed everything and who have, in popular esti- Finally his society determined to send him to mate, gone so much farther along the way to America to preach reformed theistic Vedantism release from the inexorable wheel of rebirths and (as contrasted with the pantheistic Vedantism the hopelessness of human existence. Pilgrims preached by Vivekananda). Though Chakravarti visiting the popular bathing places feel it a part speaks English fairly well, he did not have suffi- of their pious exercises to give gifts to these men cient command of a specialized vocabulary to en- who have made the supreme self-renunciation. able him to throw Sanskrit scriptural terms into Chakravarti and his little family, following the English in public address. He therefore set him- bitter and exacting road of the Yogi, sometimes self to the reading religious books from the West.

had an abundance, while at other times they went He secured, along with other books, a copy of hungry. If devout pilgrims, coming to bathe in the New Testament and began to read it for idio- the waters of the Bay of Bengal at Puri, added to matic expressions of spiritual experiences. His

A BRAHMIN WHO SOUGHT PEACE

note book contains the first eleven verses of the an Indian, lest I be tempted to say that his relififth chapter of Matthew. He eagerly read books gious genius accounted for what I saw, but let borrowed from a missionary in Calcutta. me find this even in a foreigner."

Chakravarti had not dreamed it possible that In Bindaraban there lives a woman sent out there could be other books so sublime as his by one of the great Christian Mission Boards, who Bhagavata and his Gita. These had been the for years has been finding joy and rich reward in source to which he had always gone for spiritual loving, sacrificial service for India's women and food. He had been a most enthusiastic promul- children. Her reputation as a "holy" person had gator of their ethical and philosophical teachings, spread among the Hindus of her community. She trying all the while to put into practice what he was not concerned about that, but the reputation taught. But as he read this other book he found she had. Chakravarti had heard of her and deit strangely fascinating. The Gospel, like his cided to go and see her for himself; to see if own scriptures in certain of its teachings, was he could find that which he sought in a human yet very unlike them in other ways. Here he life. found One who had Himself found peace and who offered it to all. Here was a strange new world which he discovered and which was stirring him to the depths in an inexplicable way. It haunted him, left him restless and uncertain. Could it be that he was to find that priceless peace here? He must find out. He must waste no time for ways that fail to give.

His society now asked him to take charge of their great temple at .Bindaraban, the very center of theistic, not pantheistic, Hinduism. Here, on the banks of the Jumna River, thirty miles north of Agra-most of India's great rivers have many places held sacred as bathing places for the seeking, yearning throngs who month by month flock thither for ablutions, giving gifts to the Brahmin priests, seeking release from the burden of sinstaking charge of the temple, arranging for its administration and the daily duties of temple assistants, Chakravarti reserved for himself a little room where he might give himself to the protracted study upon which he was resolved.

When the Light Broke Day after day, often eighteen out of the twenty- MR. A. C. CHAKRAVARTI AND HIS WIFE four hours, he gave himself to a most exhaustive comparison of New Testament and Hindu scrip- With doubts in his mind he went. He had tures. Reading, meditating, trying to pray, puz- heard that she wore decent clothing, ate ordinary zling over it all, he went on from day to day until food, lived in a comfortable little house, even wore in the third week the light broke. As the glorious shoes on her feet. How could this be a holy permorning sun shines through the clouds, so at last son, and so utterly unlike the typical Hindu holy the darkness gave way and light flooded his soul. man or woman who tries to deny himself all such In Christ was God revealed. He says, "I had be- worldly things? He did not tell the missionary fore heard a voice saying, 'Come to me my child why he came. But he was much impressed by and I will give you rest,' but instead of coming her spirit. Busy as she was, pressed upon by to Him I went first in this direction and then in duties from every side, she took time to sympathat only to end up in utter disappointment." thetically answer his questions and talk with him. Now he said to himself, "If Christ is more than Something indefinable about her he could sense historically a character who walked the paths of though not describe. He went away to think and Galilee two thousand years ago, if He is more than a beautiful dream, He must be living and contemporary, able to prove Himself to every heart that will open to Him. Let me see in some human life Christ reincarnated, preferably not in

read and pray. Again and yet again he returned our house again. We do not want you to ever for an interview. She was being read like a book, darken our door, you renegade." He did not by one who has an uncanny ability to read men. reply, but he could say, "Here is where Christ At last he said within himself: "I have seen it. must prove Himself and will prove Himself to That woman has what I most want; that life, that me." He prayed for these who had turned against peace, that love and power for living, which must him and he expected a positive answer to his be in Christ and is incarnated in a human life if prayer. He is still a contemporary reality." In order that Chakravarti might fit himself for At last Chakravarti told her why he had been a life of service he was sent by friends to a semicoming and that he was now ready to declare nary in central India. A few months passed; to the world his new found faith. He had writ- then one day there came a 'letter from hi.s wife ten over the door of his heart, as he puts it, "Let in which she said, "If you will come to get me, Him who can come in here and take possession. I will come back to live with you." I am through with the old self-life." He prayed with child-like faith, "0 God, if there be a God, The attitude of many of India's men is still such prove Thyself to me now." On Christmas Day, that it is not safe for her women to travel alone. 1926, he received baptism, thus openly declaring With joyful yet trembling heart Chakravarti went to all his Hindu friends that he belonged utterly to get his wife, resolved that he would not violate and forever to Christ. in any way her personality. He said: "You are my wife and I love you, but you are also a Hindu Made an Outcaste woman. I want you to take no step just to please me. Be your own genuine self. Never become With this step, peace and joy came surging into a Christian just to please me. Bring with you Chakravarti's heart. In his own Bengali vernac- everything you wish-this chain of beads, mala, ular he expressed in song the thought of two much and these utensils of brass, everything which you Joved Christian songs, without knowing that they use in your morning and evening worship. If you .had ever been written: "I Heard the Voice of discover the source of joy and peace that I have Jesus Say" and "Just as I Am." He knew well found I shall be glad, but until then be your own what would be in store for him when his family self, a devout Hindu woman." She returned with and his friends learned that he had become a him. Though he persuaded her to begin the read- Christian. The time has not yet come in India ing of the Gospels he carefully refrained from when one may be an out and out Christian and hurrying her pace, for he said to himself, "If I yet be allowed to remain in a high caste Hindu have found the secret of peace, my life must rehome. Prominent friends in Bengal, the family veal it." at Dacca, his brother priests and disciples at Bindaraban would turn their backs upon him, out- Nine months passed. One day she surprised iCaste him, hate him. He would be called upon to her husband by saying: itread the way of suffering and loneliness. But thad he not suffered much to find peace, building "Do you think I have further need of this chain Ion a false hope? Could he not now rejoice in of beads, this mala which I have used for so long ;suffering for Christ, the source of his new found in saying prayers ?" peace ? No need to wait now for ten years to learn whether his hope was based on reality. Each "Why do you ask me," he replied. "It is yours day was distinctly better than the day before. and I can not tell you what to do with it. When Each day marked progress in realization. you came from Bengal to live with me again I did not ask you to get rid of it. You must de- His wife in Bengal thought it her religious duty cide." to tell him how she hated him for having brought disgrace and shame upon their family, their reli- A Christian Ashram for Pilgrims gion and their caste. To her letter, which deeply wounded him, he wrote, "I am asking my heav- This brave, wise answer was made possible by enly Father to speak to your heart. He can and his unshakable, simple faith that Christ was provwill. When He does, all I ask is that you try to ing Himself each day. He knew that something listen. He has made Himself real to me and is was going· on in his wife's heart. He was not proving Himself day by day." surprised to discover a few days later that the mala had been thrown away. She too had made There -was no arguing, no defense, just this the great discovery and was ready to take her patient, loving reply to one who was on her side place by his side as a happy, convinced Christian. deeply wounded. The son-in-law, who wrote from Calcutta, "Don't ever show your face around When their years of study, growth, and prepa- ration for richer service at J ubbulpore were com- pleted, the question came, Where shall we plant our lives and share with others what we have found? The Bishop of the Methodist church

1932j A BRAHMIN WHO SOUGHT PEACE

'asked them to come to Calcutta to take charge of and finding. Former friends, who had turned a flourishing church. But another call was sum- against him, now welcome Chakravarti to their moning them back to a little house by the side homes and as disciples sitting at his Master's feet of the road in Bindaraban where they might be ask, "How did He open your eyes? Tell us that friends and helpers to pilgrims along the way. we too may find. What have you found in your Here was a wonderful place to fish when one was new religion that you did not find in your old sa- fishing for men. Men and women, with such need cred Hinduism?"

as only those may know who have themselves ex- To all he says, "I can not tell you what I have perienced it, are coming constantly to Bindaraban found. But I can tell you that you too can find.

as a place of sacred pilgrimage. Turning their Write over the door of your heart, and mean it faces away from a position that promised good utterly, "Let Him who can give peace come in salary, distinction and comforts, Chakravarti and here and take possession." Then see who re- his wife soon found themselves established in sponds to your invitation. See if Krishna or their little ashram, beginning a life which is prov- Buddha can meet your need. There is One who ing to be one of increasing usefulness and joy. has responded to me and has proven Himself over Here they are helping man after man, woman and over again. I call Him Christ. You learn after woman, to find God in Christ, and by find- the taste of a mangoe by eating one. Taste and ing Him to find peace. see, and then one word will be enough from me."

The story of their life and service is still being The Ashram of Chakravarti, by its unique suc- written. Scarcely six chapters are completed, if cess, has begun to stir up opposition among the each year be called a chapter, since that day when Hindu priests at Bindaraban. The orthodox con- .

Chakravarti stepped out into the light. Has servative groups have been pressing the landlord Christ proven Himself? After a five years' si- to drive Chakravarti out of the present Ashram lence that son-in-law, who so violently expressed house which is amidst temples in the very heart his helpless rage, wrote again, "I have everything of the place. A legal notice has already been that the world can give. I am at the head of my served and proceedings instituted. His word to profession as a doctor; I have money, houses, all his friends in America is: "The work is Christ's, that I need, but my heart is weary and I have not that of any particular mission. Are there not found peace. Can you help me to find God?" Christians who can build an Ashram house here '!Yes," was the reply, "if you will come to the and thus hold up Christ in Bindaraban? I believe ashram at Bindaraban I believe we can help you there are. Christ will find them out and inspire to find God." them. Let me see what He does for His own He came and spent six months there seeking work here."

The Miracle of Indian Missions An illustration of the miracle of Indian missions is found in the story of the brave and devoted missionaries who ventured out to that hostile country during the first thirty years of the nineteenth century. Henry Martyn, a century ago, with mingled discouragement and yearning, declared that "to see one Hindu a real believer in Jesus would be something more nearly approaching the resurrection of a dead body than anything he had ever seen." The Abbe Du Bois, after a life-time of devotion, mourned that he had never seen one genuine convert. Looking back upon the great awakenings, and measuring the silent but sure interpenetration of India by Christian ideals, watching the indirect influence of the missionaries upon India's own reformers from Ram Mohan Roy to Mahatma Gandhi makes us marvel at the patience and the faith of men who toiled on through the darkness of those early days.

Could these men come back today and see the haughty Brahmin who has been led to Christ kneeling beside the despised Pariah, together partaking of the Communion Cup; could they listen to the record of the Travancore Mission, or hear the verdict of the centuries, what would they say? In India the Kingdom 'of God has come "without observation." The practical Christian of the West, in a hurry to "evangelize the world in a single generation," would do well to remember the lines of Kipling about the man "Who tried to hustle the East."

-Dynanodaya.

Conquering Christ in

By the REV. SAMUEL GUY INMAN, D. D., New York Secretary of the Committee on Cooperation in Latin America SOUTH AMERICA is the only continent that system. He distributed 400 copies of the Scrip- has so honored Christ as to erect a statue to tures during his first year in Argentina and en- Him. The world famous "Christ of the rolled 5,000 children in his schools. Argentina Andes," placed on the mountainous fastness be- was so impressed with his work that it conferred tween Chile and Argentina, commemorates the honorary citizenship upon him. In Chile and settlement by peace of their long standing bound- Peru he likewise had wonderful success and was ary question. Columbus on writing to King Fer- received most cordially by the leaders of the new dinand said, "In all of the countries visited by governments which had just secured their free- your Highnesses' ships I have caused a high cross dom from Spain. In Colombia he organized a to be fixed upon every headland." Balboa on dis- Bible Society in which leading evangelists and covering the Pacific, "looked toward the sun, saw government officials participated.

the sea and fell down on his knees and praised God who had granted him such a wonderful Not Interlopers sight." Evangelical missionaries are not interlopers in It is true that these early conquistadores often South America as some have indicated; in prac- treated the Indians in any but a Christian way, tically every country they have been invited by so that a Cuban chief, who was about to be burned government officials and leading citizens. In at the stake in 1511, asked his father confessor, 1888 President" Sarmiento, whom many regard as "Will there be Christians in Heaven ?" When the the greatest of modern South Americans, asked confessor assured him that there would be, Chief Dr. Goodnow of the American Methodist mission Hatney replied, "Then I will not confess because to secure a number of teachers to inaugurate nor- I have no desire to go where they are." It is mal schools and kindergartens in Argentina. As true that homage to Christ in South America has a result a dozen North American teachers had the too often been divorced from His emphasis on privilege of inaugurating a modern educational ethics and liberty; the symbol of His cross has too system in Argentina. A few years later the gov- often meant blind ecclesiastical obedience rather ernment of Ecuador invited the Methodist mis- than real sacrifice for the salvation of the people. sionaries to take charge of public education of Henry Martyn on arriving at the City of Bahia that country and to organize a modern educational in 1804, on his way to Persia, was so struck by system. One of the leading citizens of Colombia the immense number of ecclesiastical buildings in the early sixties invited the Presbyterian Board and the profligacy of the clergy that he exclaimed, to send missionaries to that land.

"Crosses there are in abundance, but who will In 1871 a group of Paraguayan gentlemen sent preach the true doctrine of the Cross?" On the an urgent invitation to evangelical missionaries other hand Padre de las Casas, who worked in Argentina to open a school and church in Asun- against the enslavement of the Indians, was one cion, promising a valuable property for such de- of the most brilliant reformers of all times. His velopment. The Methodists were not able to ac- enemies tried in every way to stop his work, cept and later asked the Disciples of Christ to which they claimed, as the enemy of modern take up work for the evangelical cause in Para- prophets often do, was destroying the economic guay. The President of Paraguay and many of development of the new continent. But the the leading citizens were eager for the Disciples Padre's fighting spirit continued unimpaired until to open their work in the City of Asuncion. From he died July, 1556, at the ripe age of ninety-two. the beginning of the establishment of the work in One of the first Protestant missionaries to Paraguay the leading citizens have been most cor- South America was James Thompson, who in 1820 dial. At the dedication of the new buildings of began a remarkable trip around the continent as the Colegio Internacional the President of the agent of the British and Foreign Bible Society Republic, the Minister of Education and the lead- and as a representative of the Lancastarian school ing educators of the capital were present. The [588 ] Minister of Education recently gave a lecture in than in the youth of Catholic blood who embraces atheism the new auditorium urging the necessity for put- with the furor of a Roman gladiator. Sooner or later, in ting religion at the base of all progress. This an hour of travail, the two branches of the faith of Christ is one of a series of lectures on religious and moral will come to understand that their fighting one another is the greatest misfortune for all the peoples of Spanish questions that have been inaugurated in the new America.

building. It is not too much to say that the open- Santiago College, the school for girls in Chile, ing of the Colegio Internacional has been the most recently celebrated its fiftieth anniversary by lay..: outstanding event in the City of Asuncion during ing the corner stone for a new building. There the last year. All Paraguay looks with pride to were present the President of the Republic, the the developments of this institution. American Minister and a most distinguished The athletic program carried out both in Cole- group, including representatives of twenty-seven gio Internacional and Colegio Americano is at- classes in the institute. This college has educated tracting very wide attention as a promoter of in- many daughters of presidents, ministers and ternational friendship and as a developer of moral other distinguished Chileans and has furnished stamina and the principle of good sportsmanship a large number of teachers for that Republic. It in every department of life. Parents are deeply was founded as a school for American children impressed with the interest that missionary teach- but soon the distinguished families of Chile asked ers take in the moral and spiritual problems of that their daughters become students. One of their children. Public education in South Amer- these earlier graduates is now married to a lead- ica has gone to the extreme in secularization and ing business man of New York City, has contrib- often in universities and even in primary and sec- uted $150,000 for this school, and is giving prac- ond~ry schools animosity toward religion is deeply tically all of her time to its advancement. The inculcated. former editor of the Pan-American Bulletin re- Testimony of a Chilean POet signed that work to become the Secretary of the school, believing that thus she can give the largest Gabriela Mistral, the Chilean poet, who is prob- service to bringing together North and South ably the most widely read Latin-American writer Americans. of today, said recently: These schools really assist the conquest of In Chile there are many schools where the Lord's South America by Christ as well as contribute to Prayer is no longer heard. One night I found myself the general cause of education and better underwithout lodging in a southern city of our country and a standing. A thousand illustrations could be North American teacher took me to her home, a North given to show how deeply these schools impress American school. I accepted because of necessity, but the teachings of Jesus Christ upon the lives of with a questioning conscience. Did I have the right to partake of her table without partaking of her creed? The the students. following day, after breakfast, which was blessed with Former President Alessandri of Chile told us beautiful words revealing inward faith, I was invited to common prayer with the pupils. I entered the room with the story of meeting his little niece, whom he had hesitation. The Bible was given me to select the reading not seen for some time, and asking her how she for the day. I chose a psalm of David, the common ex- was getting along. He received such an enthusi- pression of faith. I read it, followed by the students, with astic reply that he inquired further. The little an emotion I have seldom experienced. There was the girl said: joy of being in a school where it is possible to study every day the Holy Book, where atheistic effrontery was not able "Oh, you ought to know my teacher in Santiago to cast out the author of Grace, who is superior to all College. She talks so beautifully and reads to us knowledge. Some day this example will be a revelation from such a wonderful book and then we all pray for my brethren in the faith, the Catholics. They will see together that God will help us to practice what that the materialistic movement is so great that now they this book teaches. Uncle, do you know I think have no closer brethren than those Protestants with whom it would do you good to read that book. Won't they are able to unite in the common struggle for Christ.

. . . The United States has in our country the unhappy you promise me to read it?" luck of being interpreted as utilitarian, as a work-shop, and not as a religious field, which it was, is and will con- The President made the promise if his niece tinue to be. would bring him a copy. The day he received it had been filled with the many struggles in the Continuing she speaks a word much needed both midst of which Chile's executives have been by Catholics and Protestants as to the necessity plunged the last few years. He forgot about his of ceasing mutual recriminations and endeavor- promise until he had retired. It suddenly came ing to center on Christ Himself: to him that his niece would be around the next The materialistic current in our countries is enormous. day and inquire· as to whether he had fulfilled his It counts as adepts the great majority of the educators word. He snapped on the light, took the little of our youth. Our Church should remember its essential Testament from his vest pocket and lay down to unity of interest with Protestantism and consider that it read. "Literally," said President Alessandri, "a loses infinitely less in the free-thinker who is evangelized

balm of healing was poured upon my weary spirit. half of these twenty nations have declared in For more than an hour I read the wonderful favor of constitutional separation of the Church words of Christ and every day since then I have and State, and others have granted equal rights read a part of that book." to all faiths.

The Evangelicals have been responsible for in- There is a new demonstration of interest in the troducing into South America many kinds of so- spiritual life given by many leaders in these cial movements. Dr. H. C. Tucker, who for forty southern lands. As the Minister of Education of years has been the agent of the American Bible Argentina expressed it: "Strange movements and Society in Brazil, was walking along the street awakenings are being felt among us. Men not one day and saw some old discarded rails where in the ministry of any church are beginning to the street railway repairs were being made. He write about Christ. There are signs that a need asked the superintendent of the road if he could is being felt and confessed and men are seeking use these in the development of some playground to have that need satisfied in the Divine."

material. The whole thing was so amusing that The present movement in the southern conti- when the mayor of the city heard about it there nent toward the integration of evangelical effort was a development which brought real playground on a basis of well-considered territorial division equipment from the United States, the first ever is due in large measure to the leadership and known in Brazil. In Uruguay the Secretary of counsel of the Committee on Cooperation in Latin the Y. M. C. A. introduced the playground idea America. The function of the Committee, cre- which has developed until Montevideo has a mar- ated by the Panama Congress, is purely advisory.

velous system of playgrounds. Composed of representatives of some thirty Mis- The evangelical movement has not neglected the sion Boards supporting Christian work in most of direct work of taking the message of Christ to the Latin republics, it has given constructive at- individuals and organizing converts into churches; tention to the whole problem of an effective dis- In Chile the first evangelical missionary began his tribution and correlation of Christian agencies work in 1845 under the auspices of the American and activities over the vast area with which it is Foreign Christian Mission. The Methodists concerned. Evidences are abundant that its serv- began work in Chile and Peru in 1877 under ices have been welcomed by Latin-American lead- Bishop Taylor. Permanent work in .spanish, in ers and churches. Elected and sustained by the Argentina and Uruguay, was established by the organizations it represents it has no ecclesiastical American Methodists about sixty years ago. control in missionary affairs, but its cooperative The first missionaries entered Brazil in 1859. influence is indicated by the statement that it has Today Brazil has its own Independent Presbyte- helped to effectuate in Latin America such appli- rian Church, with its general assembly, and its . cation of missionary statesmanship as may well own Independent Methodist Church that elects its attract the attention of the Christian world.

bishop and conducts entirely its own affairs. The many-sided evangelical movement operates under Faith That Will Not Shrink so many different conditions in various countries The fortitude, courage and patience of the and over such vast territory that results are often Chinese Christians should challenge our attention unseen and pervasive rather than concrete and and restore our confidence in the work of the misvisible. Nevertheless, it would be interesting to sionaries and their associates. Only God knows cite some of the statistics that were gathered to the sacrifices, sufferings and sorrows that are recompare the strength of the evangelical forces quired of those who call themselves followers of when the first Latin-American evangelical con- Christ in China. gress was held in 1916 at Panama and the second All the opposition does not seem able to scare men off. conference in Montevideo in 1925. The worst they can do is to kill and non-Christians get Another important effect of the evangelical killed just as readily. The heart seeks peace, and they movement is its contribution to civil rights and find it in Christ. So the government can legislate but religious liberty in South America. Fifty years people still turn to Christ. The Russian Government said ago not one of these republics had written liberty "As soon as we down capitalism the Church will vanish." Since this was not the natural consequence they began of worship into its constitution; the cemeteries to persecute in their indirect way, and would not punish were open only to those who had died in the faith those who persecuted the Christians. of the Roman Catholic Apostolic Church, and the Let us thank God that Chinese Christians are marriage rite could be performed only by a priest ready to follow the path Christ trod to Calvary. of that communion: Even evangelical workers, This is the way we must go if we would own His marrying on the field, were obliged to have their cause, and become more than conquerors through union blessed by some friendly priest in order Him, who loved us and gave Himself for us.

that their marriage might be legal. Today nearly A .. R. BARTHOLOMEW in Outlook of Missions.

Religion-by Evolution or

Revelation* ..:{ A Review by the REV. SAMUEL M. ZWEMER, D. D. ): ..

Professor of the History of Religion and Christian Missions, Princeton Theological Seminary A N unaccountable omission from the pro- to the evolutionary hypothesis as the sole key to ~ gram of the Jerusalem Meeting of the the history of religion. Among them we may International Missionary Council in 1928 men t ion the late Archbishop SOderblom of was the consideration of primitive beliefs and the Sweden, Alfred Bertholet and Edward Lehman, presentation of the Gospel to so-called animistic Alfred Blum-Ernst, Le Roy, Albert C. Kruijt, but pagans. A careful and sympathetic study of the especially P. Wilhelm Schmidt, founder of the anreligions of these· primitive peoples discloses thropological review Anthropos and Professor of "spiritual values," in some respects superior to Ethnology and Philology in the University of Vi- those found in the ethnic religions, and brings us enna. The exhaustive work of this Roman Cath- face to face with the question of the origin of olic savant on the Origin of the Idea of God, Der belief in God. Ursprung der Gottesidee, is to be completed in Until recently the evolutionary hypothesis four volumes. In the three which have already seems to have had the right of way in every de- appeared, he weighs in the balance the various partment of science and religion. The first mod- theories of Lubbock, Spencer, Tylor, Andrew ern writer to emphasize the fact that monothe- Lang, Frazer, and others, and finds them all want- istic ideas were found among primitive races and ing. The idea of God, he concludes, did not come must be taken into account was Andrew Lang in by evolution but by revelation. his book, "The Making of Religion." In 1924 Redan delivered an address before the Jewish Anthropology and ethnology are also swinging Historical Society on Monotheism among primi- away from the old evolutionary concept as re- tive peoples, in which he rejected the evolution- gards primitive races. Dr. R.obert H. Lowie of ary hypothesis. the American Museum of Natural History; in his recent important study on Primitive Society, says, "Most of us," said he, "have been brought up "The time has come for eschewing the all-embrac- in or influenced by the tenets of orthodox ethnol- ing and baseless theories of yore and to settle ogy and this was largely an enthusiastic and quite down to sober historical research. The Africans uncritical attempt to apply the Darwinian theory did not pass from a Stone Age to an Age of Cop- of evolution to the facts of social experience. per and Bronze and then to an Iron Age " . . Many ethnologists, sociologists, and psychologists they passed directly from stone tools to the manu- still persist in this endeavor. No progress will facture of iron tools." (13th Edition N. Y., pp. :ever be achieved, however, until scholars rid 436, 437.) He concludes "that neither morpho- themselves, once and for all, of the curious notion logically nor dynamically can social life be said to that everything possesses an evolutionary history; have progressed from a stage of savagery to a until they realize that certain ideas and certain stage of enlightenment." concepts are as ultimate for man as a social being as specific physiological reactions are for him The American public is to be congratulated that as a biological entity."t the exhaustive work of Wilhelm Schmidt has now appeared in an abbreviated form, and translated It is encouraging to note that the tide has from the original German, is available as a study turned and that we have, especially on the Euro- textbook on the History of Religion. Whatever pean Continent, outstanding scholars in this field may be the reaction of students of anthropology who hold fast to supernaturalism and are opposed to a doctrine alien to the tradition still prevailing among many scholars, it will do no harm to face • The OrigWt and Growth of Religion: Facts and Theories. By the arguments here presented with such force and W. Schmidt. Translated by H. J. Rose. The Dial Press, N. Y., 1931. apparently so well documented. The London Pp. 297. $4.00. Times Literary Supplement, in reviewing the book t Primitive Man as Philosopher-po 373.

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at considerable length, does so under the title, itive culture is really the god of a monotheism, "Evolution or Eden." It is inevitable that Dr. and that the religion which includes him is genu- Schmidt divides investigators of the history of re- inely monotheistic-this is the position which is ligion into two classes-the believing and the un- . most attacked by a number of authors. To this believing. By the latter he means those scholars attack we may reply that there is a sufficient num- who have themselves repudiated all faith in the ber of tribes among whom the really monothe- supernatural, and "will talk of religion as a blind istic character of their SU,preme Being is clear man might of colors or one totally devoid of hear- even to a cursory examination. This is true of ing, of a beautiful musical composition." the Supreme Being of most Pygmy tribes, so far The work before us is divided into five parts: as we know them; also of the Tierra del Fuegians, The introduction deals with the nature, aim, and the primitive Bushmen, the Kurnai, Kulin and methods of comparative study of religion and the Yuin of Southeast Australia, the peoples of the history of the subject. Part Two sketches the Arctic culture, except the Koryaks, and well-nigh theories that were in vogue during the nineteenth all the primitives of North America."

century; namely, those that found the origin of Again, in massing the evidence for the charac- religion in Nature-Myths, Fetishism, Manism or ter of this Supreme Being, he says, "The name Ghost-Worship and Animism. Part Three deals 'father' is applied to the Supreme Being in every with the twentieth century, and sketches the Pan- single area of the primitive culture when he is ad- Babylonian theory, Totemism, Magianism and Dy- dressed or appealed to. It seems, therefore, that namism. In every case Dr. Schmidt gives an ex- we may consider it primeval and proper to the position of these various theories and a refuta- oldest primitive culture. We find it in the form tion of them based upon more accurate data from 'father' simply, also in the individual form ('my later investigations. father') and the collective ('our father'). So far, Belief in the Supreme God this name has not been discovered among the Cen- tral African Pygmies, but it exists among the In Part Four we have an account of the su- Bushmen and the Mountain Dama. It is lacking preme Sky-God whose existence was posited by also among the Andamanese and the Philippine Andrew Lang and others. It appears that during Negritos, but is found, although not commonly, the twentieth century there was a progressive rec- among the Semang. Among the Samoyeds we ognition of the primitive high God by European find the formula 'my Num-father,' i. e., sky-father.

and American students of ethnology and religion. In North Central California, the name occurs This protest against the evolutionary theory ap- among the Pomo and the Patwin; all three forms plies not only to the religion of primitives, but to of it are widely distributed among the Algonkins.

those who find the same development in the re- It is also widely current among the two oldest ligion of the Old Testament. Dr. Israel Rabin Tierra del Fuegian tribes, the Yamana and the has recently published an important treatise in Halakwulup, who use the form 'my father.'

which he enters an energetic protest against the Among all the tribes of Southeast Australia it is view that monotheism was a later development in in common use, in the form 'our father.' There Israel, and that it was preceded by henotheism, it is the oldest name of all, and even the women pol y the ism, and polydaemonism. "Not only and children know it; the oldest of the tribes, the Moses," he says, "but the patriarchs were already Kurnai, have no other name for Him. There is monotheists. The covenant idea is as old as Abra- no doubt possible that the name 'father' is intend- ham, and the covenant at Sinai is history, not fic- ed in this connection to denote, not physiological tion. The God of Sinai is no more mountain-god paternity (save in cases where the figures of the or local Kenite god. Monotheism is not the result Supreme Being and of the First Father have of an evolutionary process, it rests upon revela- coalesced), but an attitude of the greatest rever- tion and existed from the beginning of Israel's ence, of tender affection and steadfast trust on history as portrayed in Genesis; there is no bridge the part of man towards his god."

from polytheism to monotheism." The evidence for these astonishing statements Dr. Schmidt follows the historical method, and is abundantly given in the larger four-volume traces the belief in a supreme God across wide work, to which we have already referred. Not areas where primitive culture prevails, for ex- evolution, but deterioration, is found in the his- ample, among the Pygmies of Africa, the Indians tory of religion among primitive tribes and the of North America, and certain tribes in Australia. higher cultures that followed after their migra- The last chapter of this epoch-making book is en- tion. As Dr. Schmidt expresses it in the conclud- titled, "The Origin and History of the Primitive ing paragraphs of this most interesting volume: High God," in which we have the summary of the Thereafter, as external civilization increased in splendor argument. "That the Supreme Being of the prim- and wealth, so religion came to be expressed in forms of

RELIGION-BY EVOLUTION OR BY REVELATION

ever increasing magnificence and opulence. Images of by a number of German missionaries under the gods and daimones multiplied to an extent which defies all direction of Dr. Heinrich Frick of Marburg. In cLassification. Wealthy temples, shrines and groves arose; a recent number of "Africa," a journal of the more priests and servants, more s.acrifices and ceremonies International Institute of African languages and were instituted. But all this cannot blind us to the fact cultures (July, 1931) London, Professor Dr. K. T. that despite the glory and wealth of the outward form, Preuss of the University of Berlin, has a striking the inner kernel of religion often disappeared and its article on the conceptions of a Supreme Deity essential strength was weakened. The results of this, among primitive peoples, and his conclusions corboth moral and social, were anything but desirable, read- roborate those of Dr. Schmidt. ing to extreme degradation and even to the deification of the immoral and anti-social. The principal cause of this The evolution hypothesis in religion has been corruption was that the figure of the Supreme Being w,as overworked, and has seriously embarrassed stusinking further and further into the background, hidden dents of religion who have grappled with the beneath the impenetrable phalanx of the thousand new problem of sin, its universality, and the universalgods and daimones. ity of its correlate, namely, conscience that is a sense of sin as a subjective reality. In the history But all the while, the ancient primitive religion still of religion, and in the study of the origin of the continued among the few remainders of the primitive cul- idea of God, we may no longer neglect the early ture, preserved by fragmentary peoples driven into the chapters of Genesis and the statement of the most distant regions. Yet in their condition of stagna- Apostle Paul in the first chapter of his epistle to tion, poverty ,and insignificance, even there it must nec- the Romans. Revelation, and not evolution, is the essarily have lost much of its power and greatness, so key to the origin of the idea of God and of prayer that even among such peoples it is much too late to find· and of sacrifice. a true image of the faith of really primitive men.

It is of deep interest to note, in conclusion, that the question of primitive monotheism raised by Dr. Schmidt is now being carefully investigated One Hundred Dollars for Flow-ers-But By Robert E. Speer* The Rev. William Sidebotham, who died in Bay and Mrs. Sidebotham have made all their lives in City, Michigan, on February 6, 1931, was for over their children and in their prayers which, under half a century a most faithful, self-sacrificing and God, give to the missionary cause its glory and devoted Presbyterian minister. He had five chil- bring down upon it the blessing of Him who loved dren, and although he never lived where there was us and gave Himself for us. a high school until all of the children had passed high school age, everyone of them went to col- Now Mr. Sidebotham himself has passed on, and lege. Three sons became Presbyterian ministers; shortly after his death his daughter, Miss Emily one daughter a successful home missionary teach- Sidebotham, wrote to the Board in part as follows: er, and the other a public school teacher. One of the sons went as a missionary to Korea. When we opened my father's will we found a sheet of instructions. Among them was the following: When Mrs. Sidebotham died in 1929 her husband wrote to the Board of Foreign Missions: "After my funeral expenses are all paid, take $100 for flowers. Do not buy flowers, but send it to Dr. Speer, My wonderful wife died last night. The funeral ar- asking him to see that it is used for work in Korea in rangements are all made. For some years the money to memory of my son Richard." cover expense of funeral has been ready. Many times she has said: "Don't spend a cent for flowers when I die. So I am enclosing a check for that amount. I am glad Give it to Foreign Missions." Accordingly I enclose $100 father was able to do this, and that he commissioned me from her for the field in Taiku, in memory of our son. to carry out this wish. She has often wished she was rich, but never that she might have a better wardrobe, etc., but that she might During the last eight and a half years that I have been help the poor and help foreign missions. My salary was at home caring for my parents, I have realized how dear never more than $700 and manse (often less) till I was the work of His Kingdom was to their hearts. I have apsixty-four; never more than $800 and manse till I was preciated more than ever before the sacrifices they made over seventy, in 1918, never more than $1,200 and manse in their earlier years, that we might be educated, and I till I retired, and began to get $50 a month from the Board have come to understand a little more fully the joy they of Relief. Yet she uncomplainingly gave her children and had when we all entered Christian work. I feel as though rejoiced in our tithing until the end. I am, we had been left a great heritage, something that will be an inspiration to us all our lives. Your brother in the work, (Signed) WILLIAM SIDEBOTHAM. These letters illustrate the true basis on which the missionary enterprise rests, first, in the pur- It is such a gift as this and such gifts as Mr. pose of God with regard to His only Son, the Saviour of the world, and, second, in the pure love • Condensed from The Presbyteriwn. and sacrifice due to Christian spirit in such true and simple lives as this.

A BIBLE STUDY CLASS AT THE RHODA ROBLEE BARKER BOYS' SCHOOL AT HOPO, SOUTH CHINA What the "Man of Hopo" Thinks of the Christian Church T HE views of the "Average Man of Hopo" in is growing and meeting the needs of new condi- regard to the Christian Church are given in tions. As education has widened women's sphere, Missions by Arthur S. Adams, an American the Church has met the enlarged situation. Chi- Baptist Missionary in South China. nese say: "If the Jesus religion will do so much for the foreign wife and mother, it is worth trying Thirty years ago the Chinese soldiers tried to for Chinese women." The Mission hospital also prevent the Baptist Mission from building a has proved a blessing, which "Mr. Average Man Christian church in Hopo. The church won the of Hopo" can recognize. case, however, and the building was erected. It became popular both a3 a church and as a day Third-Because the Church shows power to school. In the meantime the military post which change broken and wrecked lives, to reclaim and opposed the building was abolished and the yamen remold them into something fine and good. An was sold. example is found in Mr. Liu, a scholar but an opium smoker, who had fallen so low that his Later when the church school outgrew its quar- wife turned him out. He was reclaimed by the ters the use of a Confucian temple was granted to mission and joined the church. Then his wife carry forward the work. Thus the missionary also came and said, "I can't come to church much, became guardian of the images. When the new but the Jesus religion has made my husband over, Rhoda Roblee Barker School was built, the temple so that I too want to join and be baptized with was returned in good condition to the Confucian him." This couple was not satisfied to keep to elders. These caretakers were less careful of the themselves what they had found in Christ. Three property and today it is a wreck. months later they had brought together their neighbors and had raised money to build a chapel Why is "Mr. Average Man of Hopo" impressed in their own village. with the Christian Church? asks Mr. Adams. The answers may be summarized as follows: Today Hopo Church has an ordained Chinese pastor and the people are making vigorous efforts First-Because the Church of Christ stands un- to put over the five-year evangelistic program. changing in the midst of change. The yamen and Good results are already reported. No wonder temple are gone, but the Church abides. "Mr. Average Man of Hopo" believes in the Chris- tian Church! Second-Because the Church changes in the midst of change. She is alive and not dead. She

A Pastor's

By the REV. FRANCIS SHUNK DOWNS, D. D.

Pastor of the First Presbyterian Church, Berkeley, California I s there any greater opportunity? A pastor month. If one cannot purchase sufficient books, holds his divine commission from the Mission- he can make regular visits to the town library. ary of the Ages. He specializes in the great- "Reading maketh a full man," Bacon declared, est missionary Textbook of all time. His parish and a wiser than he said: "Out of the abundance is not merely what he sees at some crossroads or of the heart (and mind) the mouth speaketh."

in some metropolitan center-it is the world. Personal contacts can also be made with mis- The opportunity is inescapable. His call to be sionaries today, if there is a will to prompt it.

a minister inevitably made him a missionary to Fellowship with these missionary spirits, whether all men. He is ordained an ambassador to the , in a church or at conferences, by correspondence whole world. His orders are clear, and he ful- or through first-hand friendships help a pastor fils his ministry only as he obeys them. mightily to keep fit for missionary leadership.

It is a privileged opportunity. Who would not The pastor who hungers and thirsts after mis- covet the privilege of walking with the Son of sionary food shall be filled. The pastor who takes God into the hearts of men? Who would not to his heart the whole world of God's needy chil- thrill to a place of service and leadership in the dren will somehow obtain the equipment that will Kingdom that embraces every race and that en- fit him for missionary leadership in his world compasses time and eternity? Who would not parish.

pour out his life for a Leader and a Cause that brings blessing to every life and to all of life? 2. To Train the Officers and Leaders.

1. To Equip Himself for Leadership. Blessed is the pastor whose elders, stewards'or deacons are missionary-minded. Some are and Many pastors must do this after they leave the theological seminary. But more and more the some are not. Some official boards are instruseminaries are recognizing their obligation, not ments for bringing the world to Jesus Christ. only to inform their students in the fields of mis- Others would keep Jesus Christ imprisoned in the sionary history, biography and comparative re- little world in which they live. ligion, but to give them the spiritual and practical equipment which enables a pastor to exercise wise A pastor has a wonderful missionary opportuand liberating missionary leadership to the church nity with his comrades of the official boards of which he serves. his church. He largely holds the key to their missionary sympathy and cooperation. A pastor The responsibility for a worth-while missionary whose heart is on fire for the evangelization of equipment, however, rests primarily on the pas- the world, whose head is level and equipped with tor himself. It begins in his heart, in the secret facts, whose will is girded to the purpose of Christ place where God and he commune alone. Not and the central program of the Christian Church only must a minister be sure of God's call but he and whose heart is warm with love for his commust clearly discern its missionary implications. rades and his church, can do unbelievable things Time and again he must go apart alone, see anew with ninety-nine per cent of his church officers. the vision splendid, hear again the unmistakable command to "go into all the world," and must One pastor in a small church, whose Session dedicate himself unreservedly to the world field felt that the church could give little or nothing and the world task. If the pastor regularly re- to missions and that even the little must be raised news his strength and refreshes his spirit at this through "fairs and bazaars," persuaded those men point, the battle will be more than half won. from the Word of God that they could support a missionary and through free-will offerings. As He should read the best missionary literature one of the elders put it: "It will ruin us, but the available. This means both old and new books. Bible tell us to, and we will be loyal, to our It certainly means at least one outstanding mis- Saviour." He'lived to see the plan succeed and sionary periodical coming to his study each learned from experience that God's way was the best way.

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One Session takes a half-hour of its stated under the pastor's wise guidance should find ex- meeting each month to study the work of the pression in a larger giving of the church's life church and the Kingdom and to unite in prayer with the whole world.

for specific objects and needs at home and abroad. Is it strange that those officers are all missionary- 4. To Release the Financial Resources.

minded and active missionary leaders? In days of financial stress, when there is much When a pastor trains his officers in missionary unemployment and a reduction in incomes, does leadership what a joy it is to see the missionary the pastor of the average church have a mission- policies and program of his church develop as the ary opportunity in the release of the financial re- product of their mutual labors and prayers. sources of his congregation?

3. To Educate His People. He does, because the principles of Christian stewardship are as binding and as applicable in John R. Mott once said: "To enable Christians times of financial depression as in times of pros- to realize the need of the world, missionary edu- perity. A faithful recognition and practice of cation is necessary. If the world's need is to be Christian stewardship, as applied to our money, met, Christians must know the need and be led to whether little or much, will release sufficient will to meet that need." funds for the missionary enterprise, will make People are most interested in that about which for adequate support at home, and will give God they know most. If there is little interest, it is the chance to open the windows of heaven and usually because there is little knowledge. We go pour out upon us such a blessing as there shall as we glow and we glow as we know. Was it not not be room enough to receive it.

Emerson who said that every great achievement The pastor must give the leadership that will in life is the result of some great enthusiasm? spiritualize the budgets of the church, that will Enthusiasm is generated when a personality put all giving of money by Christians on a spirit- strikes fire with irresistible facts. ual plane, that will call forth funds for real mis- The pastor's sermons should give his people a sionary needs and specific objects, that will cause vision of the world and their responsibility to the members of his church not only on Every meet its needs. Four or five missionary sermons Member Canvass Day but throughout the year to rooted in the Word of God and fruited with the hear the call of struggling men, the appeal of achievements of a marching Christ, should be crushed women, the cry of little children, and that given each year. Each Sunday, whatever the having taken from the Lord all that He offers subject of the sermon, a missionary illustration gives back to Him all that He asks.

can be used to advantage. The missionary spirit One pastor, before his church became self-sup- and the missionary thought will crop out in a porting, led it to give regularly to all benevolences missionary pastor, whatever the topic may be. of the church. Within three years after the I know a pastor who at the time of the "announce- founding of that church, by an act of great faith ments" gives five minutes each Sunday to the pres- and through tithing, that small congregation of entation of mission work in a different country. wage-earning people took on the full support of Missions in the Sunday School should have its a missionary to Africa. Another church, after place regularly in the worship program. A letter several successful Schools of Missions under the from the field well read, a little play, a brief talk pastor's leadership, took the entire support of by a missionary or by one who has visited the field two missionaries. In a third church sixteen quickens interest. There is no substitute, how- classes in a Sunday School took sixteen shares of ever, for persuading each teacher in teaching of financial support in sixteen mission fields in six- the Bible lesson for the day to bring out the mis- teen different countries. In this way not only sionary thought that is there and to apply it by was the giving of the boys and girls stimulated, some fresh and telling missionary illustration that but their imaginations were stirred and their spir- a boy or girl will never forget. itual responsibility was awakened.

Missionary education should have its place in It is true that today some must reduce their every organization of men, women, and young glvmg. But frankly, many could increase their people. We cannot discuss here the possibilities giving, not only because of the money with which in these fields. Every year a period of four to God has put them in trust, but because for the six weeks should be given to intensive mission- first time they yield themselves to the Lord and ary education through a church-wide School of begin actually to practice giving in a Christian Missions. Properly planned this will reach a big way. Some so-called large givers in the church cross-section of the men, women and young peo- are truly small givers, for they fail to give pro- ple of a congregation. The new knowledge and portionately. Some so-called little gifts are big interest gained through missionary education in God's sight and go far. "All dollars are not

A PASTOR'S OPPORTUNITY

alike." As long as the average church member influence. On the wall of the meeting room of gives only a few cents a week to make Jesus the Calvin Club, the Christian Endeavor Society Christ known to the world, the pastor of the aver- of the church for students of the University of age church, even in times like these, has a real California, there hangs a large missionary map missionary opportunity challenging him to release of the world. Lines stretch out from the First the financial resources of his congregation accord- Church to mission fields throughout the earth. ing to God's standards and in God's way. Around the edges of the map are cards bearing in block letters the names of seventy-one men and 5. To Recruit Young People for Life Service. women, members of First Church, who have gone as missionaries to every corner of the world. One of the greatest needs today is for more qualified young people to offer themselves for mis- 6. To Gear in the Prayer Life of His People. sionary service. We want young men and women who are qualified not only physically and educa- The day will not be won in this great cause by tionally, but spiritually, who throb with mission- human wits or human strength. "Not by might ary purpose and passion to share a Saviour, who nor by power, but by my Spirit, saith the Lord." themselves have· had vital and satisfying expe- The prayer life of some churches must be very riences of Jesus Christ, who know Him personally ineffective for the simple reason that the pastor as a Saviour from sin and as the Lord of Life; and people are not obeying God's known missionwho have a message to deliver and who know why ary commands. Andrew Murray was right when it is a message; young people who, whether they he said: "God always gives His power to the go into educational, medical or evangelistic work, church that puts into practice His world prohave a passion to win souls to Christ, and who gram." are qualified through the Holy Spirit in personality, message and spirit to go forth on a spiritual There is no substitute for prayer. How may mission to the ends of the earth. the pastor lead his people in this respect?

To recruit such young people for the service of In his study, in his private devotions, he can rehis Master's world kingdom is a pastor's high member them in this way, even as he remembers duty and supreme privilege. The pastor's mis- the missions and the missionaries on the field. In sionary spirit will be caught even sooner than the public worship, he should carefully prepare his missionary instruction will be. assimilated. for his period of intercession, so that not only Faithful and wise contacts with parents will often general petitions may be made, but specific, fresh, yield results where least expected. Natural and and immediate needs may be voiced to God. The happy fellowship with young people, with the Church Year Book of Prayer should be used each word fitly spoken or an observation wisely used, Sunday. The objects for prayer should be briefly makes for life decisions. stated, with special reference to missionaries, phases of work or particular needs with which the A class on vocational guidance, held perhaps congregation has a point of contact. Churches in connection with the School of Missions, will set using a calendar may print from time to time choice young spirits to seeing visions of opportu- missionary subjects for prayer. Where groups nity. The knowledge that one is borne up regu- in the church meet only for prayer, the varied larly in prayer that the life may be guided aright and immediate missionary needs of the world that is indispensable. The Lord of the harvest Him- week as well as the more intimate needs of misself is hindered or helped in His call to the young sionaries and the missionary life of the home life in proportion as a pastor is faithful in his church should be taken to God in prayer. asking and in his faith. The Mid-week service where it is still alive has Many pastors find in young people's summer a large place for personal testimony and prayer. conferences the opportunity they covet for their It is an inspiring and dynamic meeting when a young people. Beside some lake or sea Jesus is dozen or twenty-five individuals remember in walking again, and when He calls youth today rise earnest prayer to God suggested missionary needs up and go after Him. and those which the Holy Spirit prompts. A pas- tor with missionary fire and purpose in his soul From the First Presbyterian Church of Ber- can enlarge and deepen the prayer life of his peokeley, during the past thirty years, there have ple for all the world. A church that prays through gone into the ministry and to home and foreign its prayer aims and goals, that links itself up to mission fields one hundred and thirty-seven of its world needs and opportunities, that asks greatly own members, many of whom took this step be- and expects greatly, will find God faithful who cause the pastor, Dr. Lapsley A. McAfee, was con- promised and will see that prayer is the arm that stantly faithful in prayer and approach to the moves the world. hundreds of young people who came under his

7. To Mould the Spiritual Life of the Church. little opportunity to suggest or to influence. The Begging on the floor of his Conference, Associ- . theoretical right is there, but in practice it falls ation or Presbytery, wherever he meets with his down. This is partly the pastor's fault, partly brother ministers and the laymen of the church the Board's fault, partly the fault of the denomiin ecclesiastical affairs, the pastor will have many nation in its procedure. Nevertheless, a pastor opportunities in committees, in public debate, in who has the facts, who has convictions, and who personal' contacts, to speak a word in season for exercises genuine sympathy with constructive the missionary enterprise. criticism, plus the perseverance of a real saint, will not only get a hearing, but will exercise a His reading should encompass the annual re- real missionary influence in the church at large. ports of the Mission Boards; he should be familiar with the personnel, policies and programs of these His most pervasive and farthest-reaching influ- Boards; he should see that the aims and plans of ence, however, is to demonstrate in his own the Boards become articulate in his Church, so church that spiritual obedience to the great Comthat they are truly interpreted and understood, mission along all lines makes for spiritual revival and so that they are so channeled to the individual in the home church. Many are praying for such congregation that they become effective in the life a revival today. Many factors enter in. But a of the people. revival that is not geared in to the evangeliza- tion of the whole world is not of God. When The Boards are helpless without the intelligent church members give Christ the pre-eminence in and devoted cooperation of the pastors. Mission- all things, God will open the windows of Heaven ary promotion should primarily be church-centric to pour out His blessing upon us. When the Holy and not Board-centric. If every pastor fulfils his Spirit is in complete control of the believer's life missionary responsibility, there need be no Home and of the church life, that believer and that Base Department in the Board, save a secretary church will be on fire for the world, and will trifor coordinating purposes. umphantly exercise power in the hearts of men.

Every pastor should exert his missionary influ- The winning of the world to Jesus Christ ence through his representatives or in person in largely waits upon what each pastor will let the larger gatherings of his communion. This Christ do with his life and with his ministry in is not easy, for the technique is such in most de- this day of the pastor's unparalleled missionary nominations today that the average pastor has opportunity.

An Old. Papuan Pastor Koani Miki of Port Moresby was the last of the old band of Papuan pastors. While still a lad, his life was saved by Chalmers and Lawes. One day, while a group of boys were play- ing leap-frog, a young man joined in, and as he reached Koani, he stopped, saying, "You are too weak to bear my weight." So he brought from a nearby house a broken length of a canoe pole and told Koani to rest on that. As the heavyweight jumped, little Koani bowed under the strain, and the broken pole pierced the leaper, so that the young man died shortly afterwards. The relatives of the dead youth carried him home, and armed themselves to attack Koani's section of the village and kill him. Lawes and Chalmers, from the mission house on the hill, heard the tumult and rushed down through the armed and noisy crowd in the village, up into Koani's house, and, seizing him by the hand, they walked him between them, daring anyone on either side to lift a spear. Lawes forbade Koani to leave the mission grounds, lest the aven- gers should kill him.

He grew up in Lawes's household, and on attaining manhood entered the college. In 1888 he was ordained and, with his wife, was sent to Porebada, about twelve miles from Port Moresby. When he went to this village it was comparatively small, but the virile people in- creased in numbers, and Koani's work bore fruit. When he retired in 1930, he had been schoolmaster, pastor, and friend to the whole village. Out of a total population of 550, 120 were. adult church members, and 108 more were in the day school under his tuition. Prac- tically all of the inhabitants are able to read the books published in their own vernacular.

Koani was one of God's gentlemen; courtly in manner and speech; and full of fire when preaching the Gospel he loved. He was a true friend and a father, beloved by his colleagues, Papuan and European alike. When Koani Miki retired as pastor, he was, at the earnest re- quest of the villagers, succeeded by his son, Gorogo.

-J. B. CLARK, in the L. M. S. Chironicle.

of Harper

TOYOHIKO KAGAWA WITH HIS "COMRAD OF "THE ROAD" AND THE LITTLE COMRADS A Japanese St. Francis* T OYOHIKO KAGAWA is one of the best Dr. Kagawa has a wife and three children WllO known men in the world and one of the most love him, admire him and sympathize with his useful. He is only forty-four years of age high ideals and sacrificial life. Although he re- but is making his mark in Japan as a Christian ceives many thousands of dollars in gifts, from social reformer, a politician and government ad- lectures and the sale of his books, this money all visor, a student, an editor, a novelist and poet, goes into the work to which his life is devoted. a philanthropist and philosopher, and an evan- Dr. and Mrs. Kagawa live as though poor, li,ke gelist. In the world at large ·he is known as the his Divine Master; he wears a $1.85 laborer's suit most famous Japanese Christian, as a popular and lives with his family on a budget of $40 a author and a lecturer on social and religious sub- month in a house that cost $80, and was made jects. The story of his inner and outer life gives from lumber salvaged from temporary shacks us the picture of a man of remarkable character, erected after the earthquake.

ability and achievement. He accomplishes the Whence comes this man-an intellectual giant work of four men, rising before daybreak for pri- but a physical weakling, a man with a great lov- vate prayer and Bible study, traveling long dis- ing heart, spiritual vision and close fellowship tances lecturing or preaching from once to five with God? He himself says that he is "a living times a day, conducting or supporting three so- miracle" of God's grace and power. He came, cial settlements. He is a leading spirit of the like a pure lily, out of the moral morass of an Kingdom of God Movement in Japan, and for a evil environment. He is the son of an unregen- time spent ten days a month reorganizing the erate father, born out of wedlock, the unsought Tokyo Bureau of Social Welfare. This work is offspring of a dancing girl, was reared in an atin spite of the fact that he is frail in body~has mospher e where sensuousness, selfishness and had tuberculosis, and still suffers from serious eye self-indulgence held undisputed sway. Taught trouble, a weak heart and kidneys. from his earliest boyhood by precept and exam- * "Kagawa.·" By William A x ling. ple that wealth, position and power are life's goals, nevertheless Kagawa has grown into a pure H arper & Bros. N ew York. 1932. Illustrated. 8 vo. 202 PP' $2 .

[599 ]

flower of manhood with honesty, love and serv- "God dwells among the lowliest of men. . . .

ice to God and man as his standard of life, and He throngs with the beggars at the place of alms.

literally following the example and teachings of He is among the sick. . . . Therefore let him Jesus as his one compelling aim. who would meet God visit the prison cell before Early in life Kagawa was sent to the Buddhist going to the temple. Before he goes to church temple to study. From Confucian classics he let him visit the hospital. Before he reads his learned filial piety and patriotic loyalty and from Bible let him help the beggar at his door. . . Buddhist teachings and ritual his mystical sense He who forgets the unemployed forgets God."

was developed, and he was taught the value of *** quiet contemplation. As a boy he came to have a passionate love for nature and his early suffer- "The civilization of steel and concrete separates ings at the hands of his grandmother led him to mankind from the soil. The soil is God's. footfeel deeply for all other creatures that suffer, stool. The scent of the soil heals me. I have no whether man or beast. desire to become a civilized man, living in luxury. I want to live close to the soiL"

In the providence of God t.llis lonely lad at *** school came into touch with Christian missionaries in Kobe-Dr. H. W. Myers and Dr. C. A. "Christ's fool! A public laughingstock! Truly Logan-who welcomed him into their hearts and that is myself. The world's so-called pleasures homes.. Here Kagawa became acquainted with have all slipped by me. I have not leisurely witthe Bible and learned of the loving God who cares, nessed even one cinematographic display. Tied and who offers life and joy to those who seek. up to society's rubbish heap I have passed half Under Dr. Myers' influence Kagawa learned to my allotted days. . . . I have been ostracized know and love Jesus Christ and cried out eagerly, as a heretic and a socialist but these things move "0 God, make me like Christ." After seeing the me not. I am Christ's captive, a slave of the degradation and sorrow so prevalent in Kobe Cross! The world's fool! I am determined to slums and after reading of Canon Barnett's work abandon everything that bears the marks of the in the slums at Toynbee Hall, London, Kagawa world and, naked, sally forth along the road which was impelled to dedicate his life to help the out- leads upward to the state of the sanctified."

caste and unfortunate in the name and spirit of *** Christ. "The religion of imposing edifices is a heart- The story of his life in the slums of Kobe is breaking affair. It is the soul's castoff shell. A thrilling. At the age of twenty-one, taking a religion that builds men rather than temples is room six feet square in the worst quarter of the much to be preferred. . . . Well would it be city, he shared this abode with beggars, criminals, if most of the world's temples and churches were diseased paupers or moral lepers who came to razed to the ground. Then possibly we would him. Though misunderstood, slandered, threat- understand genuine religion."

ened, attacked and imposed upon, he never retali- *** ated or sought police protection, but for fifteen years shared his meagre supplies with the needy, "He who calls evangelism antiquated is a novice and unfailingly showed the love of God to all with as regards life. When the destiny of mankind whom he came into contact. He not only lived as a whole is considered, we must acknowledge the Christ-life in the -slums but, in streets and that Christ made no mistake in His passionate factories, he went proclaiming the Good News of effort to save."

God and the offer of life in Jesus Christ.

The fascinating story is told in this volume only Some Financial Surprises in outline but it is the narrative of a prophet, a Dr. W. J. Dawson tells of seven surprises which missionary, a servant of Christ, a martyr. Dr. will come to the man who begins to tithe his in- Axling, who has been intimately associated with come: Dr. Kagawa in the Kingdom of God Movement, 1. The amount of money he has for the Lord's has given us more of an interpretation than a work.

biography. One of its most valuable features is 2. The deepening of his spiritual life.

the self-revelation of Kagawa as seen in the nu- 3. His ease in meeting his own obligations.

merous selections from his two hundred medita- 4. The ease in going on to larger giving.

tions and other voluminous writings that allow us 5. The preparation this gives to be a faithful, a glimpse into the workings of his mind and heart. wise steward over the nine-tenths that remain.

Many of these, like the following, have in them 6. That he did not adopt the .plan sooner.

living truth: 7. That every Christian does not adopt it.

to the Indians-Yesterday

and Today By the REV. THOMAS C. MOFFETT, D. D., ..:( New York }!: ..

Author of "On the New Indian Trail"; Secretary of ~he Indian Mission of America H ow much progress have our Protestant era-especially in the last two or three decades. churches made in their work for the Red- We have perceived more and more that the In- men of America, in their methods, their dians, a truly religious and spiritual race, must programs and plans? What have we learned, and be won to belief in Jesus Christ through our sym- how effective are the efforts to evangelize, edu- pathetic understanding of their natures and their cate and develop the American Indians in Chris- unmet needs, and through befriending of them in tian citizenship? the plight into which the white man's aggressions The work among the Navajos of Arizona ahd and conquering civilization have plunged them. If the Nez Per<;es of Idaho, for example, presents anyone doubts that the old order must perish, giv- some vivid contrasts in this year 1932 to the pio- ing place to new, and that "Indianism" must be neer labors of John Eliot supplanted by civilization, let among the Mohican and other Why have we not made more a representative of their race tribes of Massachusetts in the rapid progress in winning the speak the conviction which presevent~enth century. Though American Indians and others vails. Ruth Muskrat Bronson, the same Gospel is preached, to Christ? Is the fault with a talented Indian graduate of declaring that the Lord Jesus the message, or the messen- Mount Holyoke College, in an Christ is the only Saviour to- gers or the methods used? address at Haskell Institute to day and then, what we term the a thousand young Indian stu- implications of a well-rounded What has been learned about dents from forty-five tribes, and up-to-date Christian pro- better methods in producing said: gram present many adapta- results, even as farmers have The Indian race is now at the tions and methods of service learned better methods in greatest crisis in all its history! If which differ from the methods raising crops? Dr. Moffett we can prove our fitness to live, we of pioneer work among primi- gives us a glimpse of some shall survive as a race. You know tive Indians in the early dec- that the old life has gone. And you ades following Colonial days. changes in methods. know that already, whether we wish This change in methods arises it or not, a.new life has come to take its place. We have a greater task from the new appreciations of the message of ahead of us than any warrior kinsman of ours who ever Christ, from the changed conditions on Indian lived. If we would be a great race we must put our minds reservations, and the new order of things for the to the difficult task of living greatly.

Red Men in the complex civilization of twentieth We have learned or should have learned, neither century life. Three hundred and fifty thousand to try to make the Red Man an imitation "Pale- Indians in the United States of one hundred face," nor to discourage him by forced processes twenty million population must be approached of leading him out into the artificialities of the with the Christian Message and must "work out white man's life and civilization. The recent suitheir own salvation" under very different condi- cide of Buffalo Long Lance in California is a tions from those which Pilgrim Fathers found among "the low-browed forest rangers,"-aborig- tragic instance of the failure of a misplaced and ines of a great continent and from the environ- misguided Indian. Hugh Fullerton, the newsment which surrounded them in the two centuries paper columnist, wrote of him : following. We have traveled long distances in this machine age and in the new missionary Long Lance killed himself the other day, weary of try- ing to live the white man's life. A chieftain of the Black- feet, handsome,. proud, a man of extraordinary intel- [601 ]

ligence; and rare beauty of form and of mind, he at- methods of educational and industrial work in altempted the impossible-found the white man's life bitter most all of these church institutions have been ~and ended it amid the luxury of the Santa Anita ranch, greatly improved and modernized in recent years. California. The Blackfeet are the most proud of all the Secular and governmental leaders pay tribute to Northern Indians, and Long Lance had that shy, fierce pride of his people. He grew tall and strong at Carlisle the more intimate contacts and the superior serv- School and learned the acts of the white man. He performed heroic deeds in France during the World War. ice which these Christian schools are enabled to He wrote, he lectured, an~ he grew weary of it all and attain. went back to his tribe again. One day he declared he Vocational guidance is receiving attention of would lead the life of the white man. He said it bitterly, both Church and State in relation to Indian young and he did not mean the best of that white man's life, people in school and following their graduation. but perhaps the worst. He drank deep and seemed to The systematic efforts, recently inaugurated by find it more and more bitter. He was a very brave and a Mr. Wm. R. Johnston, who has given forty years very gentle man and, I think, a very lonely one, failing to of service to the Navajos of Arizona, to contact find that companionship for which he longed, either among his own people or those he adopted. every returned student on the vast reservation of More than this one, among the large company that tribe, is wisely planned. A bulletin is pub- of educated Indian students, have encountered lished, and by auto trips and visits, the boys and similar experiences. We have learned to deal girls are being followed up with personal and cul- more wisely, if not always effectively, with "the tural influences and linked to the mission centers.

returned student problem." St. Augustine's words A great adv.ance has been made in the rela- rise from weary souls of many Red Men: "Our tions of the government service and the mission- hearts were made for Thee, 0 God, and we are ary forces, both on the reservations and in federal ever weary and restless, till we find our rest in Indian schools. Some fifteen years ago a plan was Thee." To lead burdened souls to Christ, in wQrked out by the Protestant mission boards for whose service alone they will find the yoke easy religious work directors at boarding schools, and and the burden light, is the chief task of emis- suitable buildings have been erected at a few in- saries of the Church. stitutions, notably at Sherman Institute, River- The present-day program of Indian mission side, California, for carrying on united evangeli- activities includes evangelistic, educational, voca- cal services and church activities. The Commis- tional, industrial, medical and social service. sioners of Indian Affairs have repeatedJy ex- Racial characteristics, heredity, environment, pressed their appreciation of missionary labors reservation systems, pedagogic method, all are and have provided for due recognition of the studied, and plans are developed to cooperate church programs in the schedule of federal with the Indians themselves, with government offi- schools.

cials, with traders and with the surrounding white Hon. Charles J. Rhoads, himself a Quaker, sent populations, along all lines of Indian welfare. out a year ago to the superintendents and em- Some leaders of the Indian mission enterprise ployees of the Indian service the following in- realize that this is a racial problem and are de- structions : voting their energies not to a single tribe or par- No effort should be spared to encourage effective coish, but are viewing the opportunity in its larger operation and prevent misunderstanding and friction.

relations, studying the ethnological and national Religious education and character training are necessary sources of Indian life, and reaching out for con- factors in the development of the Indian. Adequate recogtacts with the neglected millions of Red Men in nition of the status and responsibilities of the missionary nineteen republics of Latin America. Among the as a part of the local program, independent and yet cor- Pueblos of New Mexico a returned missionary, related with the government program, will still develop and make efficient the personal friendship and mutual formerly in Japan, is devoting his full time to lin- good-will which should always characterize the relation guistic research and pastoral labors among these of missionaries and Indian service employees. We suggest Indians, whom he believes to be definitely linked therefore that our superintendents be responsible for with the Mongolians and the ancient Japanese calling group conferences to be attended by missionaries, Indian church workers and employees, for the purpose of culture. discussing the plans and lines of cooperative effort which The field of Christian education, and the schools will promote active participation in a common program.

conducted under the direction of mission boards, A half century ago under the old political spoils can only be briefly mentioned. Institutions such system of appointing Indian agents no such con- as Bacone College, Oklahoma, Santee Institute, structive proposal had been conceived.

Nebraska, and the American Indian Institute, It must be noted that Protestant undertakings Wichita, Kansas, carry forward the more ele- for the Red Men of the United States, while pro- mentary instruction provided for in many denomi- gressive and modernized in recent· years, have national day and boarding schools in various also been theologically conservative and strongly states. The teaching staff, the curricula, and the evangelical. The missionaries, especially on the

MISSIONS TO THE INDIANS-YESTERDAY AND TODAY

reservations and in their contacts with primitive tions. Associations, conferences, presbyteries of and pagan tribes, have realized the need of simple the various denominations are composed in some Christian truth, of earnest and practical work, instances entirely of Indian members. The native and of basic instruction and methods, rather than organizations are the fruitage of long years of controversial or "modernistic" trends. The true missionary service. Self-government of indigemissionary ever leads to Christ as Divine Master nous churches is the goal toward which the labors of the heart and life, and to the Bible as God's of the past have· always been directed. The Word. Sioux, Nez Per~e, Choctaw and Pima Indians probably represent the largest measure of self- The united strength of the denominations has support and of reliance on a native ministry. On been one of the causes of progress in Indian mis- the whole a definite expansion and up-to-date sions. Dr. Charles L. Thompson, as president of forward-looking policies have characterized the the interdenominational Home Missions Council activities and program of the evangelical churches more than a decade ago, stated that he regarded since the "President Grant system" allocated inthe work of the churches for the Red Men of dividual tribes to separate denominations for re- North America as furnishing the finest example ligious nurture. This plan did not prove wise or of practical comity and cooperation in missionary permanent, but it stimulated later activities. The service in the homeland. Neglected fields were Dawes Act, providing individual land allotments, allocated, rivalry and duplicating of effort by gave the Indians new dignity and opportunity for evangelical forces were largely obviated, and a self-support, also has the declaration of citizensolid front was presented which greatly strength- ship for the "native Americans," which had been ened the impact of Protestant Christianity in the so long deferred. Of the reward of faith and face of paganism and secularity. service for this Cause, the memorable words of John Eliot, Apostle to the Indians, may be re- Self-supporting Indian congregations, minis- called: "Prayer and pains through faith in Jesus tered to by native pastors, now constitute a large Christ will do anything." part of the organized religious life of the reserva- Oases In the Good Earth By the Rev. G. CARLETON LACY, D. D., Shanghai, China Agent of the American Bible Society in China EVERYONE who has read "The Good Earth," nese moved in he brought with his family retain- knows something of China's crying need of ers, bodyguard and secretaries, his Bible, family the Gospel of Christian love. To me the worship, and a personal life that together created book seems to ring-yes, and to wring-with this an atmosphere entirely different from that picappeal. tured in "The Good Earth." Here was a Chris- tian home in the midst of odd surroundings. Yet it must be remembered that there are spots in Chinese society that have been changed. There The story of my friend's conversion is a good are regions that have experienced a touch of God's illustration of what Christianity has done for love. There are lives that have been redeemed China. There remains vividly in my memory his by it. Here and there a new glory shines; some narrative of three incidents that turned him about rough places have been made smooth; some bur- in his life and in his attitude to Christ. They are dens have been made easy; some yokes have been typical of experiences that through the past one lifted. hundred years have been coming to very many others in less conspicuous places. Not long ago I visited the city in which Pearl Buck spent her childhood. My host was a high As a youth this young Chinese was a soldier government official. He occupied a big house such in the ranks. One day he went to his commanding as is so well described in the now familiar story. officer for permission to go into the nearby city. Its absent landlord preferred the luxuries of life "Young man," said the kindly disposed superior, with electric elevators and porcelain bathtubs in "when you finish your errands in that city and Shanghai. So for a nominal rent my friend, the have time left to play, there are just two places official, had taken over the rambling place, with where it is safe for you to go. Find either the its courts and gardens and inner rooms, to pre- Y. M. C. A. or the Methodist institutional church." vent the squatters from taking possession and The soldier boy heeded this friendly advice and ruining the premises. When this Christian Chi- went to the church. There he found decent read-

ing, wholesome recreation, and strangely enough, can to exalt Christ in his home and community.

on this first visit, a patriotic rally. He sat down But the influence of that Christian home is now in a back seat and listened with amazement. Al- exerted through a more famous home upon every ways before he had thought of Christians as trait- visitor to the great house at Yangchow. Scat- ors, "running dogs of foreign imperialism." Now tered all over "the good earth" in China are thou- he heard from their lips the highest ideals of na- sands of humble homes of peasants, merchants, tional loyalty and found them adding to their own teachers and laborers that have been illumined zeal an earnest appeal to God to do for China by the light of Christian love, where life has be- what human strength could not accomplish. come much more than the daily toil and the be- That was twenty years ago. In recent months getting of children.

this man, from his difficult position in govern- Late one Christmas Eve we landed in Nanking ment office, has been striving with all the clear- on a cold starlit night, and drove through the city sightedness and passion of a Jeremiah to turn in an open carriage to the home where we were his people to peace and to prayer, pointing out to be entertained. Here and there along the the insufficiency of human diplomacy and the fu- streets, and dotting the open fields like brilliant tility of civil war. The burden of his none too fireflies, was to be seen the flicker of little red popular prophecy is that "righteousness exalteth candle-lanterns. We asked what it meant and a nation" and that the faithful prayers of a few learned that each Christian home in the great city hundred thousand sincere Chinese Christians will had hung out this token of thanksgiving for the avail more than millions of dollars and lives spent birth of the Christ. There are now myriads of in fighting for "national defense." This at least such homes made glad by what Christ has done has Christianity done for China-it has raised a for the Chinese family.

voice crying, "Prepare ye in the wilderness the A third incident narrated by this official at first way of the Lord. Make straight in the desert a sounded undramatic, almost prosaic, but it was highway to our God." When the nation is plung- significant in his experience and is typical of a ing blindly toward militarism and anarchy, great contribution which Christianity has made toward materialism and cynicism, one who has to Chinese life. A great national convention was led victorious armies on deadly battlefields now arn:mged in Tientsin by the Young Men's Chris- seeks with stirring conviction to lead the Chris- tian Association. My friend attended one day to tian forces to the victory of faithful prayer. Here hear a distinguished Chinese scholar speak. As is bright hope in the midst of dense gloom. some years before he had been surprised to dis- The second incident of which my friend told cover that Christians were loyal patriots, so now me occurred some years later when the young he was astonished to hear from this literary au- military officer had been entrusted with a secret thority that the Christian Bible was a classic of mission to rally military leaders against the usur- real worth. He himself had delighted as a boy in pations of the dictator Yuan Shi-kai. His duties the study of poetry and philosophy, and had ac- were taking him to many places, into the yamens quired a penmanship of some distinction. His .and the intimate presence of many powerful gen- pride in his own country's literary achievement erals and army chieftains. On one such journey was pricked by this master boldly urging his he came to a Yangtze river port and was enter- hearers to turn to a diligent reading of the Old tained by the Defense Commissioner. Instantly and New Testament Scriptures. His response he detected in the atmosphere and conduct of this was thorough-going. He became an earnest stu- household something he had never before known. dent, spending hours each day with his Bible. In For a time he could not analyze the difference, it he found more than "the greatest classic under nor define his experience. But when he sat at heaven." Here was spiritual food. Here was a meals· and heard his host offer thanks to God, lamp to lighten his way. Here was the priceless when at the beginning of the day he saw the fam- story of salvation.

ily and staff assemble to worship under the lead- One day in his headquarters at Tungchow I ership of this powerful general, and when he met picked up on the general's table a copy of the in the large family of children several orphans Bible. Its pages were heavily marked and lined.

who had been affectionately adopted into the home Verse after verse was emphasized in one way or in which they were receiving, not the abuse of another. A few moments later in another room slaves, but all the privileges of sons and daugh- I opened another Bible which showed the same ters, there stirred within his heart· a desire to signs of persistent scrutiny. When the matter share in that sort of Christian life. was mentioned to my host on his return from the The Defense Commissioner has now passed barracks he explained, "Without spending hours from the political stage and lives in quiet retire- each day in Bible study I could not carry the load ment at Kiukiang, still trying in every way he of heavy responsibility entrusted to me."

OASES IN THE GOOD EARTH

A few months ago at an appreciation dinner and the apostles had been degraded to the level given in his honor by Christian organizations in of the filthiest novels and obscene pamphlets Shanghai, General Chang Chih-chiang was pre- which till then largely held the field of vernacular sented a large family Bible and a framed certifi- writings. How different the attitude today! cate of honorary life membership in the Ameri- China's literary leaders now offer their tribute to can Bible Society. One of his chaplains made this the work of these foreigners who were most ably statement: "Through all these years I have never assisted by their Chinese colleagues. Dr. Hu known a day to pass when the general did not Shih has more than once praised the style of the find time to study his Bible. Whether on the bat- Union Version Mandarin Bible. Dr. Tsai Yuantlefield, or in the long weary marches through pei has given it as his opinion that Christianity's Mongolia, or in the midst of pressing duties of greatest contribution to China has been made in civil life, always he has found time for this form opening the way to popular literacy, chiefly of spiritual nourishment." From the richness of through disseminating the Scriptures in the his own experience he has donated thousands of spoken language of four hundred million people. Bibles and Testaments to personal and official In several dialect regions the colloquial Bibles friends, earnestly praying that to them as to him it might become a source of real blessing. GENERAL CHANG CHIH-CIDANG For more than a hundred years Christianity virtually created the written language and are has been contributing to the change and the en- recognized by students of philology as the standrichment of Chinese life through the circulation ard work in these fields. of the Scriptures. The American Bible Society, in its story of a century of work among the Chi- What all of this has done to the life of the nese, reports a circulation of approximately sev- nation is too long a story, even if it could be told. enty million copies. The British and Foreign It is of real significance that Bible translation and Bible Society began its work several years earlier distribution now makes it possible to reach diand has labored even more widely; and the Na- rectlya large part of China's vast population with tional Bible Society of Scotland and other organ- the Gospel message. Each year from ten to fifizations have added very largely to this growing teen million copies of Christian Scriptures are stream of religious influence. finding their way into the hands of Chinese read- ers, with the endorsement of their own leaders as A volume might well be written on what this "the greatest classic under heaven." The revolucirculation of the Bible has done for the language tion which has followed in the lives of thousands and literature of the Chinese people. The story of individuals and scores of communities is an inof the Bible in the Reformation of Europe, or of evitable result. the Tyndale translation made with a view to familiarizing even the humblest ploughboy with the sacred writings, is very familiar. Some day a no less thrilling romance may be told to show the influence of the Bible on the transformation of China. Last year Madame Chiang Kai-shek graciously accepted for herself and her distinguished husband copies of the Bible with this reference to her father, Mr. Soong, whose printing press years ago was largely patronized by the Bible Society: "My father established his press in Shanghai to print the revolutionary writings of Dr. Sun Yatsen when no one else dared to publish them. But he published not only Dr. Sun's works. On his press were printed also many thousands of copies of the messages of Jesus Christ, the world's greatest revolutionist."

The literary form in which these messages were published proved also to be revolutionary. When evangelistic zeal drove Bishop Schereschewsky and other missionary translators to put the Bible into the vernacular Chinese-the Mandarin and the colloquial dialects-the fruit of their labors was hailed with derision and protest. It was charged that the sacred writings of the prophets

Obstacles in

By the REV. WM. H. GLEYSTEEN, Peiping, China Missionary of the Presbyterian Church, V. S. A.

SOME wonder whether, with all the complex their influence through their organization. Choice, organization on the mission field, the most rather than compulsion, is the keynote. central need, namely, that of making Christ The Church in China is very much concerned really known, is at the center of the program. with Christian universities. It would be fatal, in Have we sufficient glow in our faith in Jesus an age so largely humanistic, for the youth of the Cb:rist, in His teaching, person and Way of Life Chinese Church who attend the university, to to.make us daily grateful for God's gift, and eager have to do their thinking in science, economics, to share with others this radi- philosophy, and history under alit faith? a the i s tic professors. The iInstitutions are meant to be Not all the obstacles to Chris- Christian university is price- tools for the master workman. tian progress in China are due less to the Church, but it is es- They are of use only if they to ignorance, poverty, revolu- sential that its universities be- enable him to realize his pur- tions, banditry, communism come fewer and better and pose. If he becomes hampered and idolatry. Some are due powerfully staffed with Chris- by the organization, then his to faulty missionary methods, tian professors who will adorn power is weakened by it. The mmChiesrssissiaotg.nearMieosrr. wGtihtlheeoyustStepaenirG,itowsphoeofl the class-room as truly as any most moving power in Christi- Christian preacher adorns the anity, outside of Jesus himself, has been twenty-five years in pulpit. We need an uncompro- is the individual Christian China, gives us a view of ·how mising Christianity in our preacher, scholar, merchant, these obstacles are being over- schools, and this may be farmer, artisan, housemaid, fa- come. achieved even with the restric- ther or mother. This is where tions which registration of the Holy Spirit of God resides schools with the government and operates. If the Holy Spirit resides in an insti- has placed upon them.

tution, it is only because He resides in the individ- The Church in America and Europe should send uals in it. Hence it is imperative that the Christian out youth in whom mingles the passionate love of must continue to function. There are not as many learning with the passionate love of Christ; let fiaming evangelists in the world as there should them go to the Christian colleges and universities be, and they are especially needed in Christian in- of China, work hand in hand with an increasing stitutions. The Christian leaders in these institu- number of choice Chinese Christian scholars. This tions must be free and determined to accomplish contribution to the Church will be second to none their great purpose through the organization. in all the land. The scholar class in China is still There is a girls' school in Central China, with her most promising and powerful group. Is approximately one hundred and fifty students. Christianity unable to grapple with this problem?

Ten American missionaries are giving themselves Does not her spirit .rise within her as she con- to this piece of work. Some are teachers of Bible fronts this opportunity?

and conduct worship; others are teachers of Eng- Then there are the Christian secondary schools.

lish and history and physical directors. These A few years ago, before Government registration, ten women and their Chinese colleagues, all focus all the students used to file into chapel every their lives on their students. Christianity to them morning, and most of the students took Bible is more than a creed and ritual, it runs through- courses. These were considered happy days by out the entire school life. The Church which many educators. But many of the Chinese lead- operates this school finds not only that the girls ers who were themselves students in those "happy become Christians, but also that when church days" are quite as certain that the method was leaders are needed, this is the best place to find not good for the cause of Christ in China. In our them. These Christian teachers have multiplied own school in Peiping, three hundred fine lads and [606 ] young men came to chapel regularly, but we knew, China is the conclusion to which many thoughtespecially in recent years, that this is not the way ful Chinese have come that Europe and America to a young man's heart and head'. Now the same are not measuring up favorably to the teachings institution has a beautiful chapel, the most at- of Jesus. In 1924 the Student Volunteer Movetractive room in the building. It overlooks the ment sensed clearly that the race problem in hills to the east and the west of Peiping, and such America and economic injustice were so menacing students and teachers as may desire, come to this that unless quickly remedied, they would cut the quiet upper room for worship. There is not a nerve of the Church in its missionary efforts. more worshipful service held in any of our Americans and Europeans cannot say to China. churches in Peiping than is held in this chapel. "Look at Jesus, do not look at us; listen to His In the final analysis, have we more faith in com- teachings on peace, do not pay attention to our pulsion than in the drawing power of Jesus armaments; read the Sermon on the Mount, do Christ? That, ancient summons "Come follow not consider our factory system." The fact is that me" still has its power. Christianity has one sure the Great War with its wanton destruction of life, guaranty that it will never lack devotees, and that and the hypocrisy which led the warring nations is the drawing power of Christ when He is "lifted each to pray for success, rather than a spirit of up." understanding and forgiveness, disillusioned the Orient as to the influence of Christ upon the West. If a teacher in a mission school really believes It has been said by not a few that Christianity that Jesus is the Way, the Truth, the Life, even has not even been tried in the West. The fact is though he may not be free to discuss religion in that Christianity has not been applied to certain the classroom, his influence with his students areas of our social, economic and national life. will be in proportion to the love of Christ in his Our sins are finding us out. We must repent, or heart. The door of opportunity will' be wide we will find that our missionary force is spent. open. As Emerson said, if he has something to give which the world needs, a path will be worn Wu T'ing-fan, formerly Chinese Minister to to his doorstep. Winning men to Christ is largely Washington, said that he became a Christian as by personal approach to the will. In our mission a young man, but that he had returned to Conschools there should be an adequate staff not only fucianism as a more practicable religion. He for teaching, but also to give the Christian teach- thought Christianity too idealistic, too remote from the possible. Martin Luther did not feel disers time to win their students to Christ. mayed when he saw the Church and the priest- There is a Christian Fellowship in the Peiping hood corrupt and worldly-minded. He discovered and applied the dynamic in religion, the power of school. Two years ago, when the new term which we still feel. Shall we do less in such an opened, the members came together. We num- hour as the present? bered only forty-one, for the senior members had just graduated. As we were about to tackle the The missionary is not always the kind of man problems for the coming year, the Principal, a one would expect. Perhaps he has more of the Chinese, got up and said, "The only way to start marks of his civilization upon him than the stigthis year right is for everyone of us to go among mas of Christ which Paul carried about. The his friends, teachers and students, and each one missionary must make it unmistakably clear that to invite one other friend to unite with the Fel- he is dealing with vital experiences, and that he is lowship at the very beginning of the year." This an apostle of faith, hope, and love to the people was readily agreed to. One week later when we to whom he is accredited. These testify of Christ; met again, not one member failed to bring a friend these lead men to Christ, for they flow ever fresh with him. There were eighty-two present. It and full from his heart, and are the Living Water was an experience which I shall not soon forget. for which all men thirst. It revealed what purpose and prayer and personal work can accomplish. I went to the finest A situation which is causing strain in Chinese non-Christian student in the school and asked him Christian circles is as follows: Until recently, to become a follower of Christ and to unite with the Chinese Church was largely dominated by the the Fellowship. He asked for time to talk it over missionary. In trying to remedy this evil and to with his family. Later he came sadly and said, give Chinese pastors and workers and the Church "I should like to do so, but my father and mother itself its rightful place, a new menace to progress are opposed and I cannot disregard their wishes." has arisen. The churches are not self-supporting, Another strong young man in the senior class re- and self-propagating so that a new policy is dessponded immediately, "Yes, I am willing and glad perately needed. .Some missionaries feel that the to follow Christ and become a member of the best procedure will be for them to withdraw both Christian Fellowship." financial and missionary aid from these churches so that the fledglings may really learn to soar One obstacle to the progress of Christianity in

aloft. They have a new evangelistic program in When the rich treasures of human thought in which the mission work is generally independent China have been gratefully accepted at their full of the Church. value, the Christian missionary has best prepared The dominance of the mission over the Church the heart of the people for the reception of Jesus is unwise and the Church must in reality be inde- Christ, for He came to fulfill their incomplete- pendent of the mission. Left largely to them- ness, which many of them recognize. One does selves the missionary hopes that these new not find the cross of Christ in ethnic faiths. Nei- churches will avoid that same evil of developing ther does one hear that deep solemn note, "Ye along lines of Western pattern. One may fairly did not choose me but I chose you." One does not ask whether Western missionaries can found find anything comparable to the resurrection.

Christian churches without the cooperation of the Why be troubled over all that is noble in systems Chinese Christian Church. Might not the mis- not Christian? Rather let us believe more vitally sionary better ask the Chinese Church to be al- in Jesus Christ, and try to re-enact his experilowed to cooperate with her in the more extensive as well as immediate program of building the' ences in our own lives. China truly needs Christ. Church of Jesus Christ? The evils' of the past must not be repeated, but it must also be made There is in China a Church of Christ, composed clear that the mission is not a rival to the Chris- of several denominations, with over one-third of tian churches already existing. The missionary the Protestant Christians within its fold. One from the West can still make a spiritual contri- would not attempt to force the matter of union, bution to the more or less inarticulate Church of but the impression made on thoughtful Chinese the East. One does not need to develop this thesis by the great heterogeneity of Christian denomi- nationalism is distinctly unfortunate. A Christihere. anity which exalts division among followers of Christ, in a country where communism is making A wise Chinese Christian once remarked to the headway and where atheism is not uncommon, is writer: "Many of you missionaries seem to under- not apt to make a deep impression. Christian go a harmful change when you go home on fur- cooperation has added to the strength and dignity lough. When you first come to China you treat and power of appeal in the missionary message. us with great deference and affection. You have faith in us. We Chinese know full well that the There is some fear lest the Chinese Christian facts do not always accord with confidence, but Church become more ethical than religious. A still your fresh and living hope and your respect minister in America said to a Chinese student, and love grip our hearts and lead us into realms "I hear that Christianity is more ethical than re- where we have never been before. And then you ligious in your country." "Yes," was the reply, go to America and return to us 'enlightened.' You "that may be true. I have observed that in Amer- are no longer the same. You think you know us ica Christianity is more religious than ethical."

too well now. You become cynical, suspicious, not It is said that the Orient is fast discovering the really friendly. It is true you do know us better moral supremacy of Jesus. It is of great impor- in some of the superficialities of our life, but tance that the Christian Church in India and really you have ceased to know us and to move us. Japan and China relate l'eligion and ethics. The When you first came with your confidence and mystical, moral, and intellectual must be con- love, it was then you knew us most profoundly served and properly related.

and we longed to follow the Christ. Now often The supreme obstacle to the progress of the you antagonize us." How true this principle is! Kingdom of God in China lies in those who claim What trust Jesus reposed in the most unworthy to be His followers and messengers. It is so much persons, Peter for example; and how he won out easier to teach a doctrine than to practice it. Alwith his abiding faith. most everyone can say, "God is love," but how The Chinese sometimes feel that the missionary hard it is to manifest it in life; and yet, does any gives them what he wants to give rather than one suppose that by reiteration of this doctrine what the people most need, and what would best the hearts of men are changed? The missionary lead them to Christ. The missionary must offer must delight to follow the Master in his own liv- the Bread of Life, but he will be wise to move ing, and his heart must be aglow with joy and along the felt needs of the people and will surely gratitude to God for his unspeakable Gift. The come to the profoundest need of all., Teaching Christian often has cast a shadow upon Christ, English often discloses an attitude of service that but He is invincible, and the measure in which He is most compelling and leads students to inquire is allowed to have His way in the Church of the as to the sources of strength of this teacher's life. West will be the measure of the gift of the mis- Thus they are led into the presence of God. sionary from that Church to China.

Ways of

'fested Methods for Increasing Interest at Home I EDITED BY MRS. ESTELLA S. AITCHISON, GRANVILLE, OHIO ~,—====~-===-====-===–==–,~ SEASONAL PLANS A Look Into December dressed as angels, sing carols A Thank-offering Across the Where can the missionary responsively and read passages of Scripture referring to the Sea mood and motive be more at first Christmas; one or more brief talks are given on Holiday The Edinburgh Medical Mis- home than in the month wherein celebrations on the Home and sion Quarterly tells of a new Foreign fields of your denomiventure-a Thank-offering Day, we observe the birthday anni- nation, arranging them in geoin place of the customary sale versary of the author of The graphical rotation to follow the of work, in their Junior Auxili- Great Commission? The follow- sunrise around the earth; a ary. ing suggestions will be found tree ablaze with lights receives the gifts of the guests for some Acceptances for an "At adapt,able to various depart- definite missionary objective. Home" in a large hall were so numerous that the seating ac- ments of church activity. "The Old, Old Story." (1) commodations had to be in- A Christmas Manger Service. In Song: Begin by having concreased to the limit. Upon en- At the morning service on the Sunday before Christmas, a special program is rendered af- fording opportunity for all tering the hall, surprising classes to bring gifts for those gregation sing, as the request, scenes greeted the guests-an less fortunate than themselves, "Tell Me the Old, Old Story." African Hut, an Indian Bazaar, as well as a missionary offering Follow this by having one verse a Palestine Well, a Chinese for some designated object, all each of hymns in which the first Room and other attractions. these being placed in an impro- Christmas is described or -re- Members of the Auxiliary, in vised manger at the foot of the ferred to, by various persons appropriate costumes, took pulpit. who answer this request. This charge of the exhibits. The most A Good Christmas Program. may be done by a group behind delightful feature of the after- The roll call may bring re- the scenes, or by individuals noon was the reception of the sponses with Christmas quota- rising as if spontaneously in thank-offerings by a lad and a tions ; the devotional service various parts of the audience lass costumed to represent doc- may include a talk on "The (very effective), or by one tor and nurse, seated in front Birthday of the King," Scrip- woman if the musical resources of a large illustrated poster and ture passages, hymns and com- of the audience are limited. with a tray between them on ments; the special music com- Close this feature by congregawhich the gifts were to be posed of carols. From a huge tional singing of "0 Come, All placed. Later they headed a col- red muslin Christmas stocking, Ye Faithful". orful procession of Africans, hung up at the front, each per- (2) From the Book: Cut a Indians, Palestinians and Chi- son pulls out some part of the number of stars from pastenese as they passed up the hall ensuing program-letters from board, write on one side a to present the offering, salaam- missionaries telling of past cel- Scripture verse referring to the ing to the platform party after ebrations on their fields; one or Nativity, and tie a tiny green the special fashion of their re- two short Christmas stories; a candle to the other side. Darken spective countries. After a de- scrap book with a Christmas-y the room where possible. Have lightful tea, missionary officials cover and containing pictures the leader read her star-verse by and workers accepted and dedi- of Christmas celebrations and the light of its own candle cated the money and an address scenes cut from past December which she has lighted from a was given on "Pain, Its Problem numbers of THE REVIEW or Christ-candle on the table, then and Its Place in Life." Music denominational magazines; sev- nass the light on to the next was interspersed throughout the eral four-minute talks on woman's candle so that she may afternoon. Christmas in non-Christian read her verse, and so on until And now for the sequel: De- lands; an appropriate solo for a all the passages have been ren- spite the depression, the amount special singer; a tiny Perry Pic-_ dered. of this voluntary thank-offering ture of The Nativity for each (3) In China: Any other exceeded that from the sale of one present. country or group of countries work in the average of the past "Around the World with may be substituted, but China five years by £185! Christmas." A sextette of girls, is most appropriate in view of [609 ]

the study topic for this year…. ceive relief from friendly for- Hymn: "When I Survey the Live, concrete subject matter eigners; (c) Policy of soup Wondrous Cross."* should be handled by a good kitchen unwise. Chinese speaker. At its ~lose, have some one sing softly, "As with Glad- should receive aid which will VALUE OF LIVING LINKS ness Men of Old," the congrega- preserve stamina and morale tion finally marching past a of community. Digging of "Our plan for teaching mistree, manger or othe~ appropri- wells in past is a sample of sions has paid good dividends," ate receptacle for missionary sort of relief needed; (d) Ir- says the Rev. Frederick W. offerings as they sing heartily, rigation projects to help Backmeyer, pastor of the First "Joy to the World". large areas; (e) Motor roads Presbyterian Church of Gary, will help; (f) Properly man- Indiana. "In the beginning we Carrying Christmas to the aged, much money can be had a double motive. We want- Shut-ins. The Courtesy Com- raised in China for relief; ed our people to know our mismittee, Extension Department (g) With care and preven- sionaries and we wished to or other appropriate body in tive measures future famines vitalize our mid-week services. your church arranges to enliven may be avoided. The manse was opened on the sick rooms of invalids with 6. Hymn: "Break Thou the Wednesday evenings to groups tiny decorated trees suitable for Bread of Life." of forty or fifty persons, invited implanting in flower pots, a alphabetically. A special card group of young people singing Fitting the Eyes (Chapter IV) was sent out, neatly printed, carols at each place. Messages and in the year's time every one of love from absent friends, the Room fitted with charts, chair of the almost fifteen hundred individual's Sunday school class, and table as in oculists's office. members was reached." the missionary society or other Impersonator of woman doctor suitable group, may be neatly presents material in chapter to The plan, as explained by the two patients, one suffering from pastor, included a brief devo- written on tiny cards and at- eyes of Ignorance, the other tional service and special music, tached to the trees as gifts. from Indolence. First is cured by Informational glasses and followed by a social hour. A missionary was introduced for PROGRAMS ON second by Inspirational ones. an informative, heart-warming "LADY FOURTH DAUGHTER First patient can see China but talk. By scanning the itiner- only in peculiar way-much aries of those at home on fur- OF CHINA" farther away than it really is. lough and arranging a schedule She is particularly distressed weeks in advance, it was possible Chinese Witnesses (Chapter III) 1. Women witnesses sharing in about medical missions, thinks to have the church folk get acthe new social order. (pp. she sees clearly enough to know quainted with the workers in a 85-89.) that her denomination is doing home atmosphere-a very con- 2. Poverty in China with which too much of that work in China. siderable advantage.

Christian witnesses must She does not see why we do not "The fact that these were not deal. insist on their government at- church meetings gave the visit- (a) Struggle for exist- tending to it all. The doctor ing missionary an opportunity to ence. (pp. 89-94.) gives her diagnosis-terrible win individuals who would have (b) Politics. (pp.94-96.) disease called Ignorance. Shock been indifferent elsewhere. For (c) Sun Yat Sen's princi- and grief on part of patient. the listeners these talks had all ples. (pp. 96, 97.) Doctor tries on some glasses the effect of a personal touch.

(d) The Church and pov- and has her read something in Knowing the missionary they erty. (pp.97-111.) text. (Cover material on pp. wanted to know about his field.

3. Spiritual transformation. 115-138.) Patient's eyesight im- They asked questions. They re- (pp. 112, 113.) proves and she sees some things membered what the missionary 4. China today. See story of for herself. told them. To them -it was in- Mabel Lee, a Chinese wit- Second patient shows bad formation-news. They could ness in America, in Literary . case of Indolent eyes. Does not repeat to others what they had Digest for March 5, 1932, or know that the Chinese are learned from one who was actother down-to-date material bending every energy to get out ually engaged in the work. The of Salt Marsh of Ignorance, be- congregation, as a result of on topic. 5. China Famine Relief, U. S. cause her eyes are too lazy to these group meetings, became A., after careful study, laid look. The doctor dishes up In- more and more interested in the down these beliefs regard- spirational medicine (from pp. missionary work of our denoming economic situation: (a) 138-158). Patient at last gets ination, and the entire program Primary responsibility must up· energy to look; does not of Christian missions had a new rest on the Chinese people; want to stop looking; then she meaning for them." gives. When the second year opened, (b) Chinese need should re- China Today: Inspirational the meetings had to be taken to * Remaining program by Anna Canada the church because the manse talk on "The Great Physician could no longer contain them. Swain, as published by the Baptist Board of in China Today". Education. in next issue.

EFFECTIVE WAYS OF WORKING

A dinner was instituted. The the life and w<?rk of great mis- are discussed with the children and definite prayers are offered membership was divided into sionaries. groups which, in turn, provided Have a large poster sheet for on the basis of specific needs and served the meals. Twenty- each country to be studied, with shown in previous lessons. This five cents per plate was charged names lettered across the top- series, carried through sevento take care of the "overhead" "China," "Africa," etc. Place teen sessions of a Junior Chrisand to pay for the kitchen serv- these at the front of the room tian Endeavor, was described in ice so that the entire member- where all may read the inscrip- Women and Missions, of the ship might be included in the tions easily. As each child se- Presbyterian Board.

meeting. From an estimated lects the poster which repre- Books of Friendship seventy-five to one hundred, the sents such designations as those attendance grew up to two hun- below, he may stand at the These were made for the pur~ dred per night. front of the room and hold it: pose of interesting children con- This plan has been in use for "In the Dark Continent, our mis- cretely in missions–something three years and is still "going sionaries tell the story of Jesus, the the children might make for strong." Not only have the Light of the world"; themselves. The synthetic books church folk learned to know were headed: "When you come and love the missionaries, but "In the land of more boys and girls to see us," the idea being to than any other in the world, our misthose workers themselves get a sionaries are working while we are heart-warming, helpful reaction sleeping and sleeping while we are show what children of other from the church. When it occa- playing-;-all to tell those boys and lands would see if they visited sionally proves impossible to se- girls that Jesus loves them"; ours. The pictures included cure a missionary, a stereopti- those of the Goddess of Liberty, "In the land of a million idols, our con address on some field whose missionaries tell the people of that missionaries are already known land that God wants their hearts for the children themselves, their or are soon to visit the church His temple"; houses, streets, churches, etc. is profitably substituted. One of Thus was the World Friendship "In the land of flowers and parasols and pretty kimonos, the missionaries Contest born in the state of Pennsylvania, in the plans of are telling about Christ"; "In the land of jumping beans"

the best features of this plan . ';In' th~ land of jungles and golden the Children's Synodical Secreis its linking up with the prayer tary and the Young People's temples" . . . ; Secretary (Presbyterian) for life. On Sunday mornings and "In the land where Jesus Himself that commonwealth. It visual- Wednesday evenings, names of once walked" . . . etc.

missionaries for whom prayer When each poster has been izes imaginary visits of children is to be offered are read. "In claimed and all are lined up, of different foreign mission staour church," concludes the pas- sing "We've a Story to Tell to tions upon coming to America, tor, "the whole missionary pro- the Nations," and repeat, "Pray or of those in home mission stagram is a living issue. This ye, therefore, the Lord of the tions, coming to the community solves any problem of benevo- harvest," etc. Then suggest sub- in which the book-makers live. lent quotas."* jects for sentence prayers. Ask Leading questions are: the children to bring pictures Missionary Poster Studies of boys and girls of different To whom would you introduce countries to be classified, selec- them? The purpose is to. study the Where would you take them?

children's foreign mission ob- tions made and pasted on the What would you show them?

jectives. The aims of the post- posters. Then letter names of These books are entered in a ers are to create interest in the at least one missionary for each competition by their makers. countries where stations for ju- station, and as the children se- The rules require them all to be niors' benevolences are located; lect the corresponding posters of medium size-eight by ten to keep the people before the from such descriptions as the inches; all the work is to be children; to familiarize juniors following, they are allowed to done by the children. These with the names of stations and paste the right name on each books are sent in to headquartypes of work; to acquaint them poster and offer sentence pray- ters, each one accompanied by a with at least one missionary at ers for a blessing on the work- letter written by its maker to each station so that prayer may ers. For example, "Mrs. J- the imaginary child of the stabecome more definite; to lay the B- is the name of the mission- tion he had ih mind. After the foundations for confidence in ary who is taking the Gospel to announcements of the awards, the effectiveness of prayer by the Dark Continent. On which one book is sent to each station teaching Bible passages that poster shall we paste her it designates, inscribed with definitely state the necessity for name?" data concerning the junior prayer and the promise of its At subsequent sessions, have . group sending it. What are answer; to stimulate interest in a story told for each of the other states doing to introduce posters, life stories of mission- their juniors to young folks of • Copyright, The Duplex Envelope· Co., Rich- other races at home and mond. Virginia. Abridged. aries like Livingstone, Morri- t Adapted from Women and Missi""",. son, Carey, etc. These stories abroad?t The Council of Women for Home Missions ANNE SEESHOLTZ, EXECUTIVE SECRETARY, 105 EAST TWENTY-SECOND STREET, NEW YORK ~'===============I~ THE NEW DAY HAS COME A Report of the World Day of Prayer, February 12, 1932 In these troubled times "more changes are wrought by prayer" than hurrying worried persons will believe. The source of endurance of many stalwart souls, courageous today for themselves and others is the same as with the Psaimist of old who sang of the help which came from "the Lord who made heaven and earth."

It is also true as someone said but yesterday, that "one does not stop the mouths of lions or of gossips and critics by argument, but by de"Inonstra- tion." The observance of the World Day of Prayer in Febru- ary, 1932, was a great demon- stration of the growing world afenldlowinshisphairningfaigthoo, dinnepwrsa,year~ WORLD DAY OF PRAYER MEETING AT WEIHSIEN, SHANTUNG well as earthly goods. the new day. February the Rico opened its doors that stu- "But the time is coming, it dents of any faith might unite has come already, when the real twelfth had been announced as with the Christian women of worshippers will worship the the Women's Day of Prayer in the world on this, their Day of Father in Spirit and in reality; Prayer. The program had been for these are the worshippers the vernacular mission paper. prepared by India and Old Mexthat the Father wants. God is It was an unheard of thing that ico. And Spanish voices bathed Spirit, and his worshippers must women should conduct prayer the shores of heaven with wave worship Him in Spirit and in meetings on their own initia- after wave of prayer for China; reality." (John 4 :23-24 Moffatt tive. In some cases, the native for the Disarmament Confer- Translation. ) ministers conducted the meet- ence now in session; for ex- ings. In one village the young ploited peoples; for cleansing Both the spirit and the real- men prepared refreshments for from all race prejudice; and for ity of the services held around the women-a strange reversal Christians everywhere 'that the world last February are of the usual order of things. . . they all may be one.' Every day evident in the nigh two thou- The Fijian women had a soul brings us closer. United, by sea sand reports received at the stirring time. They all felt that and cable, by radio aRd air; and Council headquarters. We know a new day had dawned for the now today it is by the mystery that many groups did not re- women of Fiji"-thus word of prayer. No use pretendingport to us. One scarcely knows came from Daviulevu, Fiji. our world has changed, and we how best to select from the in- pray for a cosmic consciousspiring accounts in order to And from Rio Piedras, Puer- ness; for Christian love infinite give a clear picture of the ex- to Rico, came the message now enough to keep up with the tent and significance of the ob- . echoing round the world, "Love aeroplane and the radio." servance of the Day of Prayer. from these palmy isles to the women of the world. It is only In Other Lands The Isles of the Sea on paper that we are divided. In the Belgian Congo, Wil- T.hi.s tropic sea must no longer dIvIde us. It must unite us with the ends of the earth. Today, "The day-line runs right February 12, 1932, a church helma J aggard, the missionary through Fiji; so we begin near the University of Puerto was called to the meeting for [612 ]

1932J BULLETIN OF COUNCIL OF WOMEN FOR HOME MISSIONS

prayer and praise at 5 :00 A.M., "over the combination of prayer money we told them to bring "although we had announced and food" planned for the same anything they had and we the meeting for the time when day. Many were the opinions would buy it from them. So the break of day awakens the pro and con, but the results they came with baskets of corn, birds which we hear sing usual- justified the combination. "The beans, corn meal, eggs, chick- ly at 5 :20 A.M. I found the women gathered at half-past ens, and a few brought money.

church well filled with men, ten at our house," wrote the We had several baskets and women, boys, and girls; and missionary. "There was a spirit boxes to hold these things but they lingered until 6 :30 in of deep concentration in the soon had to send out for sacks. prayer and worshipful hymns. meeting that day; the prayers When we had counted and There were 438 at the meeting were earnest and clearly measured everything we found and they went forth to invite thought out. One stranger gave they had brought gifts worth their friends to another prayer a remarkable testimony con- just ten dollars. Now I know service at the regular meeting cerning her conversion by one that ten dollars from a group of the Christian Endeavor at of the women of our little of two hundred and sixty wom- prayer group. She made us en does not seem much to you at 7 :00 P.M." In Persia, Rabi Lucy Shabag, realize the comfort of a religion home, but when you consider the wife of the Assyrian pas- that the weekly Sunday offering tor, was "the moving spirit in of about 500 people scarcely Kermanshah's first observance averages one dollar you can see of the Day of Prayer. Years how well they did do. During the ago when she was a school girl three services, two in the morn- in West Persia, one of the mis- ing and one in the afternoon, sionaries had arranged a local seventy-four prayers were of- day of prayer. Rabi Lucy never fered. During the first service forgot it, and the idea of a the women were rather hesitant World Day of Prayer thrilled about praying."

her. There were well over a hundred women at both the In Canada and at Home morning and afternoon services FIJIAN WOMEN GOING TO WORLD DAY "In Canada this year it is which she planned. At the close OF PRAYER MEETING certain that very many more of the services several women communities participated than asked that a kind of 'cottage of love. 'We are happy until ever before, and here and there prayer meeting' be arranged now thinking about it,' they say throughout Canada little groups where women living on one of isolated women, five or ten in street would meet weekly in number, met in homes, and here to me each Sunday." and there one woman followed From Angola, Portuguese the program through quite West Africa, we learn that the alone. This year with a program program "Hold F a s t in specially adapted for their use, Prayer" was translated into the scores of young women's groups, native language, Umbundu. The Sunday school classes, and Can- women came from eleven vil- ada Girls in Training groups lages nearby, Missao de Chiles- held their meetings-all follow- so, Caundi, Andulo, Lobito, An- ing, as far as we know, all de- gola (the address given) so nominational gatherings. On the that "the women could make Indian Reserve, Manitoba, men WORLD DAY OF PRAYER GROUP AT the trip and return home again came as well as women. The AI.EPPO. SYRIA the same day. Another year we prayer for peace rests too in the different homes 'to learn to shall give a general invitation heart of the Red Man." pray'." When the report was to all of our outstation women," The offerings have been more written such meetings had al- wrote Mrs. D. V. WaIn. She generous than ever-Christian ready been held. One is remind- continues in the same letter, literature for non-Christian ed of the disciples' request, "We were pleased with an at- lands was particularly cared "Lord, teach us to pray." What tendance of two hundred and for. The report says that there miracles might be achieved if sixty-one women and girls-the was "especial joy in the amount wherever Christians meet on youngest was a week-old baby. we were able to give to China, the Day of Prayer, they would He came on his mother's back since the loss in manuscript and resolve to continue steadfast just the same as his older and . equipment of the Commercial and grow in their prayer life. livelier cousins. We told the Press there, due to the recent From Aleppo, Syria, comes a women that an offering would military activities, has been incharming story that one of the be taken but knowing how diffi- calculable." The Kingdom of church elders shook his head cult it is for them to get any God Movement in Japan, and

Japanese Christian literature ings-one held by the young for so long that pea~e should were likewise cared for. people, one by women, and one come to the world and that In the U. S. A., cities and by the Negro Christians. In Japan be one of the nations to help establish peace, that we towns in forty-four states, Ha- Winnebago, Nebraska, Indian have no peace." waii, the Philippines, and the and white women met the sec- When in December, Mrs. C. District of Columbia, considered C. Chen of Shanghai, sent to ond year for meditation, praise, the American Committee for what it means to "Hold Fast in the World Day of Prayer the and prayer. "A small group as program which she had pre- Prayer." A student in the Ag- pared for us all to use in 1933, compared with meetings held in she wrote, "It is a very simple ricultural College, Laguna, P. I., program. The prayers are my where sixty college boys united larger places, but the spirit of own daily ones . . . China is in trouble. The troubles come one in the service of meditation and devotion, the earnestness of the after another. There is potent prayer, said that he appreciated power, intelligence, and energy being the one to offer the prayers, the sense of standing in the Chinese, but at present it prayer for "the churches in does not seem that we are using America." Some one from Uni- in the very presence of God it in the right way. I believe it versity City, .Missouri, gave as is due to the fact that we have her impression after the meet- were indeed great." American not enough Christ-like men and ing there, that "six hundred women to handle the present women in silent prayer gives Indian women ,prayed for wom- situation. Pray for us." spiritual power to each one present beyond words to meas- en in India, China, Japan, Af- ANNE SEESHOLTZ. ure." One place in North Carolina reported that "All the rica, and they knew that women NOT ONE DAY ONLY women of our town five miles away united in the service." in other countries were praying Not alone by word of mouth, "The Salvation Army attended dear Lord, this year," was the news from for-all one in Christ Jesus. a town in New York. From a Would I give thanks today- Kentucky town we hear "of the "So we were quite interna- My brothers and my sisters great difficulty beginning the Day of Prayer four years ago tional, interraCial, and interde- walk with me Along the broad highway; and today (1932) it is well es- nominational," was the concludtablished on a high plane." Ac- They are thy children also, cording to our records Penn- ing statement in the account of sylvania led with reports from union services in Philadelphia i n w h i c h "Episcopalians, Friends, Mennonites, Naza- renes, members of the Church of our Brethren, Lutherans, Presbyterians, Methodists, Bap- tists, and members of the Re- formed Church joined in wor- ship. There were also some for- eign-language churches partici- pating." . .

The Next Observance 380 places; New York, 201; Il- In preparing for the observ- Lord, and I linois, 138; Ohio, 128; and so on ance of the annual World Day Cannot be clothed and fed, with a total of 1,836 places at of Prayer March 3, 1933, it is Then kneel apart to thank thee the last counting. Some states well for Christians everywhere while they go sent in fewer reports this last to remember our Lord's com- Their way uncomforted. year. Whether or not this means a lapse in observing the mand that we love one another I cannot thank thee only with my mouth, day, is not certain. The fact even as He loved us. In the Far East, Christians are troubled My heart and hands must that February 12th was a na- share· tional holiday and also that in because their governments are some parts of the country bliz- In service, and thus prove my hostile to each other. Last Feb- ruary in Tokyo, Japanese wom- gratitude zards and wind storms made en planned for morning and For thy great love and care. roads impassable may have re- afternoon sessions. A missionduced the number. However, women from Iowa, Nebraska, ary writes, "Coming together I would be kind-for there is so as they did not long after the much need and the Dakotas wrote that outbreak of the Shanghai Of kindness every day; when the weather made impos- trouble I was interested in the I would be wise-Oh, wiser sible going to town to the Union women's reactions to that ques- than I am; Services, they observed the day tion and the Manchurian one. Lord, make me wise, I pray. in their homes. "We shall not They faced the issue squarely expect a blizzard as late as and devoted a good part of the Not alone by word of mouth, March third," was written dear Lord, hopefully from North Dakota. morning to talks about it, and a long prayer service." One Jap- American men and women, anese woman said in a personal But that I too shall give, Not only on this one day set young and old, and children as conversation, "I can't sleep at apart, . well, kept the first Friday in night thinking of the whole Lent for prayer together. Ter- matter, and wondering why But every day I live. -Grace Noll Crowell. rill, Texas, reported three meet- when so many of us have prayed

AMERICA that Bolivian rights have been St. Paul's Cathedral fdr

Destruction in Puerto Rico violated, and her forts attacked. Church in India.

For the second time in four The war fever has run high in This outreach of Christian years Puerto Rico has heen visited by an intense tropical hur- both states. Forces are mobil- friendship, amid international ricane. The storm of September 26 this year wrought its worst ized and ardent youths demand- suspicion, carries with it the destruction in the populous districts of the island surrounding ed arms that they may rush to promise of fresh hope and love the capital, San Juan. The Roman Catholic Missions suffered the defense of their country's to the churches and through severely and the Presbyterian and other evangelical missions honor. The United States united them to the peoples of India. doing work in the eastern and northeastern part of the island with four South American gov- The following compose the miswill require funds for relief and for extensive repairs to their ernments in asking Bolivia (1) sion: property. Every mission is making an effort to respond to the for a suspension of hostilities The Right Rev. J. S. C. Banappeal of Governor Beverley for aid. Over two hundred peo- and (2) for immediate negotia- nerji, B.A., Assistant Bishop of ple are reported killed, one thousand injured, fifty thousand tion with Paraguay for the sub- Lahore (leader); the Rev. A. or more homeless, acres of coffee trees ruined and many mission of the controversy for RaIla Ram, B.A., Secretary of sugar plantations destroyed. The island was just recovering settlement by arbitration. Later the Student Christian Associafrom the effects of the storm of 1928. This coffee crop which nineteen American states united tion of India and a leader in the was just ready for harvest is ruined. Dr. W. R. Galbreath of in a similar protest, but peace United Church of Northern Inthe Presbyterian Hospital at San Juan reports serious dam- has not yet been established. dia; Daw Nyein Tha, B.A., age to the nurses' and doctors' residences. Japanese in Brazil Headmistress of the Morton Lane Girls' High School, Moul- The Chaco Conflict Scattered over the coffee plan- mein, Burma, and one of the Bolivia is a small country and tations of Sao Paulo are two leaders of the evangelistic Paraguay even smaller, the one hundred or more colonies of movement recently carried on with about 3,000,000 inhabit- Japanese, ranging from small by students in India and Burants and the other less than a groups of only a few families ma; and Mr. A. M. Varki, M.A., million. A dispute between to large settlements of a thou- LL.B., Principal of the Union them over the sovereignty of sand families, and aggregating Christian College, Alwaye, Trathe rich, undeveloped Chaco 25,000 families. In 1923, Rev. vancore, the only Christian colarea became so bitter that other J. Yasoji Ito, Episcopal mis- lege in India founded. controlled governments laid restraining sionary, undertook single-hand- and directed by Indian Chrishands upon the contestants, and ed to evangelize these colonists tians. put the world's peace machinery to a test. Paraguay's protest is and since then friends and helpsimilar to that of China against ers have come to his assistance. British Church Cooperation Japan in the Manchurian case, and the attitude of Bolivia is His present parish is seven hun- At the recent General Assemnot unlike Japan's. She claims dred miles long and extends bly of the Church of Scotland, that Paraguay is the aggressor, from Iguape, south of Santos, held in Edinburgh, the Arch- through Sao Paulo, and five bishop of Canterbury came to hundred miles west. To reach support the renewed invitation the twenty stations, where the addressed by him as president Gospel is now preached, takes of the Lambeth Conference to one month by train, steamer, the Church of Scotland to enter horseback, wagon and afoot. into unrestricted conference. These stations have 507 bap- The purpose of the conference tized members. Two churches is not immediate union, but is have been built and ten mission to map out a way by which that stations established. may ultimately be reached. The Archbishop maintained that EUROPE there is no such value in mere Mission of Fellowship identity of government as would make it worth while to face the Four Indian missioners have difficulties of history, law, char- arrived in Great Britain to un-· acter and of sentiment; and dertake a work of creating fel- there is no reason why the two lowship. The visit will conclude ecclesiastical bodies should not with a thanksgiving service in continue to be autonomous. The [615 ]

ideal which he held up is that Tent Evangelism in Saxony When I got to a group of people each can come into full commu- on the street corner I was stopped and nion with the other, enjoying Returning from 'Saxony, Dr. questioned. They were greatly interan unrestricted inter-commu- R. E. Diffendorfer brings an ac- ested in the message I gave, especially nion among their members and count of the tent campaign car- the Jews. They asked whether I could an unrestricted fellowship of ried on by Dr. Martin Funk give them some of my literature or their ministers. last summer in German cities. even the Book that I held in my hands He pitched his tent on the out- and preached from. Visit to Spain and Portugal skirts of industrial cities and preached Jesus Christ to people There was an old Jew, like a pa- Mr. and Mrs. Ralph C. Nor- more familiar with the Gospel triarch, so I gave him that Testament ton, of the Belgian Gospel Mis- according to Marx. Communists of four Gospels. Then trouble arose. sion, recently visited Spain and came to heckle and debate, and They began to argue and started to Portugal to look into religious throngs came to listen and fight. I left them in a warlike conconditions there. They write sometimes stayed to pray. Herr dition because everyone of them that the British and Foreign Funk gave communist spokes- would like to have a Book of God and Bible Society has been at work men a fair field and has won to search in it for the true Messiah, in Portugal for almost a cen- some great battles in this hand- our Lord Jesus Christ. tury; as a result, converts, go- to-hand fighting. ing to South America, have In the Balkans formed strong churches there. Children Journey to Russia The largest church in Portugal, A new missionary situation numerically, is the Anglican; The Evangelische Pressedi- has arisen in the Balkans. Three the largest congregation is the enst says in the August issue million Moslems in Albania, Presbyterian in Lisbon. The that the communist press is Yugoslavia, Rumania, Greece Brethren have work in 18 cen- again mobilizing the "mass of and Bulgaria, are open as never ters. A significant prison work all proletarian" for the journey before to Christian influencesis conducted in Lisbon and of a delegation into the "prom- especially in Albania. As the Coimbra. There .are approxi- ised land of the Soviet Union." Turks are repudiating Islam, mately 15,000 Protestant adher- This time 175 German children and reviving the traditions of ents in Portugal and her depen- will journey to Russia for a two their pre-Islamic Tatar and Tudencies, Madiera, the Azores months sojourn in "the only ranian civilization, so the Baland Cape Verde; and about land that knows no crisis, in kan peoples are harking back to 3,200 communicants. which there is no unemploy- the i r Christian civilization ment and in which the exploita- which Islam submerged in the In Spain, beside the British tion of children and need is un- early fifteenth century. The and Foreign Bible Society and known." The delegation of chil- Christian missionary would find several independent organiza- dren will be quartered in insti- a desire for teaching which has tions, the leading evengelical tutions where they will live to- been hitherto unknown. Albania groups are the Igelsia Espanola gether with the "liberated chil- wants her children educated, Reformada (Episcopal), the dren of the proletarians." More her women uplifted. Albanian Brethren, several independent than this they will hardly see, women are held in unusual Baptist churches, the Iglesias because a glimpse of the great honor, so that a woman's es- Bautistas, and the Iglesia Evan- sections of misery in the cities cort in the Albanian hills is gelica Espanola, the latter a in which there are yet children more effective to a traveler than federation of Presbyterians, dying by the thousands, would a troop of soldiers. Congregationalists, Lutherans probably work harm to the suand Methodists. Despite the perficial exhibition of the Soviet -World Evangelization. faithful work of all these agen- paradise. cies today there are only from AFRICA five to ten thousand evangelical A City Without Bibles believers in the land out of a Personal Evangelism in population of 23,000,000. Malech, a city in Poland . Cameroun Statistics for Italy about 45 miles from the nearest The students of Dager (Pres- byterian) Bible Seminary of The 1931 census for Italy mission station, has neither West Africa, Cameroun, spent gives 82,500 Protestants in ad- their month's vacation in doing dition to the Waldensians. They Bible nor Christian literature of personal evangelism in the nearembrace Methodists, Baptists, by villages. At a meeting held Adventists and Salvation Army. any kind. A small, Russian to hear reports on this work The Roman Catholic church many interesting stories were registers 41,060,963 members; Greek Orthodox Church has recounted. One worker was while 17,493 declared they were driven from a house by a without religious affiliation. been closed for three years; a heathen with a cutlass in his hand. In one district the peo- Hebrew synagogue may be ple said that they would be saved if the Catholic Father found with a handful of old permitted; the reason they be- came Catholics was because the people in it. A Christian work- etor~aJtaionn Wladysuk, tells in Res- Herald of a visit to this city.

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

Father allowed them to keep all for the past few months, and istered here, all the helpers and their fetiches and gave them all showed a deep desire to· be- loving givers. Knowing that a building and equipsome of his besides. come Christians. Most of these ment of itself is lifeless and unable The men brought a collection evidence genuine sincerity. This to aid any sufferer, of fetiches and medallions brings the number of accessions We now dedicate ourselves to be the which were surrendered by for the year to ninety or more." humble servants of those who come here in pain and need and seeking those who confessed. When re- Madagascar Slave Girl health, and thus, ports were all in it was discov- We dedicate ourselves to the service of ered that eleven hundred and Fifty years ago a Malagasy God in this place. five had confessed Christ as a woman bought a slave girl in result of this house to house Madagascar. In her loneliness New Work in Mesopotamia evangelism. the little slave found comfort in Iraq has recently been admit- -Harry C. Neely, reading her Testament. Then ted to the League of Nations- her mistress began studying un- a great step forward for the Lolodorf Cameroun.

Missions in Portuguese der her slave and learned to ancient land made famous by Territory read. She invited others to join Nineveh, Babylon, Ur and her and thus seed was sown. Baghdad. Portuguese East Africa has Realizing her need for help A new station has also been an area of 770,000 square miles and counsel, the mistress set out opened in the heart of Mesopoand a population of some 3,500,- upon a long journey of two or tamia, at Dier-ez-zore, on the 000. The northern two-thirds of three. weeks to the capital, Euphrates River and has been this area is practically un- where she sought the aid of the touched by Protestant missions, London Missionary Society. The thoroughly equipped with a hosand only two of its seven dis- next year a missionary went to pital and residences for what is tricts is adequately staffed. The make a survey and as a result a expected to be a great work six societies at work have a church was formed and a build- among the Bedouin of the des- Christian community of 17,290. ing erected. The missionaries ert. This work is conducted un- Difficult, though not impossible, died, but still the ex-slave der the auspices of the United conditions are laid down by the owner-she had freed all her Mission of Mesopotamia.

government. In the main these slaves-carried on and the Confession in Persia are: church grew. Now the London A recent letter received by the Church Missionary Society 1. All missionaries must have a Missionary Society has decided good knowledge of the Portuguese lan- to send a missionary to open a guage. station in this district. There from Persia shows what follow- 2. All schools and out-schools must will then be a church, a mission ing Christ means to men and be built of brick and must be in house and a missionary as the women in that country and charge of a native who has passed the result of the faithful witness of their fearlessness in face of second grade government standard. 3. No teaching in schools is allowed the little southern slave-girl and persecution. One man employed in any vernacular language, but it in a government office was must be wholly in the Porteguese lan- her Malagasy New Testament. transferred to another town in guage. WESTERN ASIA the hope that, away from Chris- 4. Churches and places of worship New Hospital at Talas tian influence, he would cease to need not be built of brick, though schools must be. preach; instead he is a fearless 5. The use of Bibles, etc., in the na- A new hospital of the Ameri- missionary. Another Christian tive languages is allowed in churches can Board at Talas, Asia Minor, employed in that some office and for worship. was imprisoned, but he took the 6. There shall be an absolute pro- was dedicated May 22. It was a opportunity of preaching to his hibition of reading and writing in the guards and fellow prisoners, native language. girls' school building, remodeled for hospital use. It has been and was released and trans- Many Baptized at Tunda running at full capacity with 24 ferred to the capital. Two men beds. The hospital was dedi- were thrown out of work. The E. H. Lovell, Methodist mis- cated in the following words: sionary at Tunda, Belgian Con- wife of one man was beaten in go, writes in the World Outlook To the glory of God, our Father, by the street and fell unconscious; (Nashville) : whose favor this hospital has been built; another woman was forbidden "On Sunday, December 20, a by her husband to read the To the honor of Jesus, the Great Phyvery large class was received into the church by baptism, sev- sician, whose living spirit caused Bible to the servants at home!

the erection of this hospital; enty in number. There were To the praise of the Spirit of God, INDIA twenty-five schoolboys, eighteen Christian Census Figures women and twenty-seven work- the source of life and light; men in this class. Of special in- For the healing of suffering . . .

For the children who suffer in inno-. cence, the mothers who so often terest was the baptism of eight suffer needlessly, the manhood of Census Tables for 1931, published by the husbands and wives together. the land, for the rich and the poor. Government of India Gazette, include Euro- These have been on probation peans and Anglo-Indians but not Burma. In grateful remembrance of all the Christians include Protestants, Armenians. doctors and nurses who have min· Greeks, Syrians and Roman Catholics.

Provinces Population Christians the cow; Moslems ceremonially of these schools have been held slaughter a cow at one of their with a total enrolment of 5,000 India's Total ………. 350,353,678 5,962,(89 great religious festivals. Hin- or 6,000 each winter. Thus, 3,531,702 dus love music and song when during a period of eight years (I) British India……. 271,273,107 they are at worship; Moslems nearly 40,000 have been en- 6,947 demand an austere silence for rolled. There are probably few Ajmere Marwara …… 560,292 1,461 the chanting of the Koran. It areas in China where greater 202,586 is the difference between the membership gains have been re- Andamans and Nicobars 29,463 8,044 jungle and the desert, between corded in recent years. Nearly 180,572 an elaborately organized society all these new members are Assam …………….. 8,622,251 341,710 and a simple brotherhood. From young and from progressive every point of view there is families. Baluchistan … . . . . . . . . 463,508 317,042 conflict. Chinese Evangelism Bengal ……………. 50,122,550 50,584 -Dnyanodaya. 3,450 The Executive Committee of Bihar and Orissa …. 37,676,576 Madura College Jubilee the National Christian Council 16,989 has issued a statement of the Bombay (including Sind 1,770,328 The American College at general objectives of the Five- Madura, founded by the Ameri- Year Movement as adopted in and Aden) ………. 21,854,841 12,213 can Board of Commissioners, 1929, followed by four objec- 414,788 has completed its first fifty tives to be aimed at by local Central Provinces & 205,009 years. It is now affiliated with churches during the next two the University of Madras. A or three years. These are the Berar …………•.. 15,507,723 2,430,786 scheme of extension and re- following: 46,660 search in the socio-economic Coorg …………..•.. 163,327 15 field, in cooperation with the 1. An individual approach 7,262 other missionary colleges of the to every church member in or- Delhi …………….. 636,246 2,768 south, gives this college a com- der to enlist groups for Bible 74,613 manding position. The vice- study, prayer, some form of Madras ……………. 46,575,670 16,011 chancellor of the University of church and community service, 10,476 Madras who is a Hindu paid a and evangelism. N. W. F. Province •.. 2,425,076 51,701 tribute to the work done by 1,198 Christian colleges. He referred 2. The establishment in each Punjab ……………. 23,580,852 to the apprehension existing in church of groups to train for 151,946 some quarters that nationalist parenthood and for leadership, United Provinces ….. 48,408,763 India might not look with kind- and to teach illiterates and en- 2,177 ly eyes on Christian missions, quirers; a Iso well-organized (II) Indian States and 334,870 and said that "educated India Sunday schools with work dur- Agencies ………… 79,080,571 1,604,475 would never permit the de- ing the week. struction of the great mission- Assam States ……… 625,606 19,466 ary institutions, which are 3. The encouragement of 87,538 among the most valuable edu- family worship in Christian Baluchistan State ..•.. 405,109 cational and moral assets of homes, the nurture of children 4,286 this country." in Christian ideals and the win- Baroda State ………. 2,443,007 4,565 ning of non-Christian members 5,778 CHINA of the family. Bengal States ……… 973,316 2,890 1,396 For a Literate Church 4. The observance of the Bihar and Orissa States 4,651,076 great Christian festivals and There is an inclination to seasons, and also of appropri- Bombay States …….. 4,468,343 make literacy a requirement for ate Chinese customs, to. which church membership, at least in end a church calendar for 1933 Central India Agency.. 6,615,120 the case of those between the is in preparation. ages of 15 and 25. Ten years Central Provinces States 2,483,240 ago Dr. James Yen organized Dr. Stanley Jones is now in a literacy campaign through China, conducting special evan- Gwalior State ……… 3,523,070 the use of the thousand char- gelistic meetings in ten centres acter system. For more than between August 16th and De- Hyderabad State …… 14,437,541 e i g h t years the American cember 15th. BO;1rd, through thirty evangel- Jammu and Kashmir ists in fourteen districts, has Missions in Manchuria States …………. .. 3,646,244 maintained village schools for Cochin State ……… . 1,205,016 which villagers provide places The Christian Century pub- Travancore State ….. . 5,095,973 and the pupils their own text- lishes a report concerning J ap- Other Madras States.. . 453,495 books. anese interference with Chris- Mysore State ……… . 6,557,302 tian activity in Manchuria. Each year from 150 to 200 N. W. Frontier Prov- Inevitably all Chinese organiza- tions, Christian as well as non-Chrisince …………….. 46,451 tian, are eyed with great suspicion. Any organization which appears to Punjab States ……… 4,910,005 Rajputana Agency …. 11,225,712 United Provinces States 1,206,070 Western States Agency 3,999,250 Immorality Entrenched The United Provinces Legislative Council has rejected a bill which sought to check "immoral traffic." The Government remained neutral when the final vote was taken and this made possible the rejection of the bilI by Indian members. Supporters of the bill criticized the Government and non-official votes might have carried the measure, but a majority of the Council did not wish to interfere in the present practices and customs that prevail in the United Provinces. It was evident that many of the members have no concern regarding the evil.

-Indian Witness.

Hindu-Moslem Differences A former resident of India, writing in the Manchester Guardian, declares that the differences between Hindus and Moslems are India's most critical problem. Their social and religious customs are antithetic; their good qualities as well as their bad are exactly opposite, and because each is too virile to accept a secondary position both are aggressive and afraid of the other. Hindus venerate

oppose the new regime will be of favorably granting your request. the Christian faith his son- crushed. Christian visitors to Man- This decision of principle does not who during an illness had been churia find themselves subjected to in- hinder the Cambodian Government studying Christianity. A minute quiry as to the purpose of their visit. and the French Protectorate tolerat- examination of the young man Some Christian organizations find ing until a new order those of your revealed genuine understanding conditions quite depressing. Detec- establishments which exist at the mo- of the step, so that Mr. Nishi- tives sometimes attend religious meet- ment, on condition that they are for- mura baptized him-in the tem- ings, and sit in on Bible classes. Sys- bidden all extension, all creation of ple and in the presence of the tematic searches by Japanese of new chapels, and all active proselytiz- priest.-The Omi Mustard Seed. Christian buildings are the order of ing among the Cambodian populathe day. tion." Buddhists Study Christianity Japanese Christian organizations JAPAN-CHOSEN Fukui, on the west coast, has have been trying to initiate coopera- been called "Back Japan." The tive undertakings with Chinese groups Some Recent Changes people are conservative; educa- in Manchuria. In both Japan and tion has been backward and it Manchuria funds are being raised to The Tokyo Trans-Pacific, an is a stronghold of Buddhism. assist Christian work and relieve dis- American-owned weekly, points In a population of 60,000 there tress, Chinese as well as Japanese be- to three typical Japanese in- are over 600 temples and a ing designated as beneficiaries. stitutions which appear des- large monastery just outside of tined to extinction. the city. Many years of pains- Gospel Work in Tibet taking work have been required They are the Yoshiwara, the to establish Christian w 0 r k A worker for the Scripture world-famous licensed quarter there. It is especially difficult Gift Mission writes from the of Tokyo; the Geisha, who is to find a point of contact with Tibetan border: "The people rapidly being displaced by the working girls, because they are listened attentively to Gos'pel waitress and dancing-girl; and so burdened with heavy schedstories, and often we found a the Kabuki drama, popular for ules in the silk factories. crowd reluctant to disband. In over three centuries, which is one village at the foot of the giving way to modern plays. But one feature of the situafamous 'Panch Chuli' some two tion is hopeful. Bud d his t hundred collected into a small All three have lost much of priests are less antagonistic and open space and asked each of their appeal and fascination for have stopped criticizing Chrisus to speak twice calling for the public, and particularly for tianity before their congregasong after song. We took a the youth of Japan. tions. They even asked to quantity of Scripture portions, study Christianity, and for a and thought we had enough for The disappearance of the Yoshi- year and a half the Rev. Matsuthe entire tour; but these were wara will automatically rid Japan of taro Okajima had a Bible class all gone before the tour was one of those institutions which, from for twenty-five Bud d his t half finished. Some wealthy the foreign viewpoint, has cast a stig- priests. Buddhism fails to Tibetan traders had come twen- ma on Japan's moral reputation. The meet the "dangerous thought" ty days' journey with 7,000 existence of a segregated licensed which Japan sees coming into Tibetan sheep to trade wool for quarter, the inmates of which were its ports from Russia.-Spirit Indian products. These said frequently sold into slavery, has long of Missions. that they had never seen a been condemned in the light of Westwhite face before.-Evangelical ern standards, and its elimination has Pertinent Facts About Korea Christian. been the object of an insistent mis- sionary campaign. Korea has had Buddhism for Anti-Missionary Edict in ages. Christianity came less Cambodia The closing of the Yoshiwara in than fifty years ago. Of Ko- Tokyo does not end the system, but it rea's twenty millions, less than In French Indo-China doors is likely that an institution which is four persons in every hundred have been shut repeatedly in unable to survive in the capital will can be counted as in any way the past to Protestant missions not long linger in other cities of the affiliated with the Christian but have been opened again Empire. Church. And yet the head of only after persistent prayer and the department of religions of patient effort. A recent obsta- Encouragement at Omi the government-general recentcle appears discouraging. Gor- ly told us that Christianity don H. Smith writes of this in Surprising things happen in operated 82 per cent of the World Dominion.: Omi every now and then. Re- church schools, 90 per cent of cently two events occurred that the Sunday schools, 87 per cent Since 1922 the Christian and Mis- bespeak bet t e r tolerance be- of the places of religious wor-' sionary Alliance has been tolerated in tween Buddhism and Christi- ship, and enrolls 85 per cent Cambodia, with much persecution and anity. One was the visit to of all the religious workers. restriction. Two years ago it was de- Omi Mission (Omi-Hachiman) creed that all foreign missionaries of a group of eleven Buddhist Christianity preserved and must be authorized by the govern- Sunday school teachers, seeking made popular the native Korean ment. Accordingly, request was made, improved methods of w 0 r k and the answer, translated, reads in among children. The second part as follows: was the request to Mr. S., Nishimura, of the Kat a t a "The Cambodian Government has Branch of the Mission, by the esteemed, after a minute examination Buddhist priest of a neighborof the question, that there was no way ing temple, that he baptize into

script which the old type schol- ed of roast chicken, pigs and native class drove thirty-five miles. At ars looked upon as too easy for wine. The main item on the altar was Carson City a confirmation a learned man. Christianity a pig's head. After most of this had class of 28 included 14 Indians. brought to Korea the first been eaten and only the skull re- -Churchman. school for girls, and at present mained, the priest swung the basket maintains the only college for with the "sacred head" slowly around Denominationalism girls. Christianity established the altar, howling prayers to the spirthe first modern school for boys its. This performance continued until Over against the wasteful use in Korea. Christianity has Sunday, with the worshipers intoxi- of energy and funds in small made it possible for the women cated, quarreling and howling. towns, where seven or more of of Korea to be freed from the the 191 denominations in the prison of the inner yard of the On Sunday morning quite a differ- United States struggle to surhome. Christianity is leading ent kind of service was held, conduct- vive, is the fact that no one in the fight against the evils of ed by the missionary, when the people state has all of the 191 denomidrink, social vice, intemperance. were directed to worship the one and nations. Illinois comes nearest only true God. After praying, singing with 144. New York lags, with "Pioneer Program" for Children and reading the Word, they gathered only 122. Nevada has only 15. in groups to study portions of the Less than half of all the bodies Dr. McCune and the Rev. Bible. listed have as many as a total Francis Kinsler are working to- of 10,000 members. Forty-five gether to interest "older youth" NORTH AMERICA have less than one thousand in winning children who have each. In general, the large dehad no chance to know God's Erasing the Color Line nominations are growing larger Word. After three years there and the small are growing are hundreds of such boys and The General Conference of smaller. Community churches girls meeting daily under the the Methodist Episcopal Church are increasing rapidly and leadership of college students. passed the following significant there are now more than 2,000 The "Pioneer Program" is used, resolution by an overwhelming in the United States.-Presbybased on Luke II :52, "Jesus in- majority: terian Advance. creased in wisdom and stature, and in favor with God and Whereas: "There cannot be Greek Nez Perces' Centennial man"; in the effort to develop and Jew, circumcision and uncircumthese children into a fourfold cision; barbarian, Scythian, bondman, Christian Nez Perc;es Indians Christian 1i f e : intellectual, freeman, but Christ is all and in all"; are this year planning an apphysical, social and spiritual. therefore, propriate celebration of the one At first much time was given hundred years since four Nez to primary instruction. Gov- Be it resolved: That the General Perc;es journeyed overland from ernment authorities, seeing the Conference of the Methodist Episcopal the Kamiah Valley in northern numbers grow to thousands, Church shall hereafter meet only in Idaho to St. Louis in search of made it impossible to continue. cities where hotels, sufficient in num- the "white man's Book of It was then decided to call all ber to accommodate its delegates, Heaven." They now number these gatherings "Children's shall in writing agree to meet the fol- about 1,400. About two-thirds Bible Schools." Textbooks in lowing conditions: of the tribe are Protestant reading, history, geography, Christians, or nominally so, etc., are now being compiled (1) No segregation of specific most of them being Presbyterifrom the Bible itself. groups in room assignments. ans. The other third are either Roman Catholics or heathen.- ISLANDS OF THE PACIFIC (2) No discrimination against any Presbyterian Advance. delegates in the use of hotel entrances, Savage Tribes Hear the Gospel lobbies, elevators, dining rooms and New Japanese Church other hotel services or facilities. Henry DeVries writes in the The new building of the First Moody Monthly of pioneering (3) Specific instruction of hotel Japanese Baptist Church and the southern islands of the Phil- employees by the hotel authorities re- Japanese Chris~ian center, Sacippines. Thousands of natives garding the interracial character of ramento, California, was dediare scattered along the river the conference and the treatment of cated on July 10. More than 500 Giqua. The missionary gath- all delegates with equal courtesy. Japanese, Chinese, Russians ers them in groups for meet- and Negroes attended the servings which last all day, and the Federal Council Bulletin. ice. The property is valued at audience is constantly changing. $50 000, and is recognized as Parish of 46,000 Square Miles one' of the finest Christian cen- At one place we witnessed a pagan ter buildings of America. There service, lasting three days. The wor- In Nevada, Elko County par- are 8,000 Japanese in Sacrashipers built an altar in the center, ish is about 200 miles long one mento.-Watchman-E xaminer. decorating it with ferns and flowers. way and 230 the other, with a Their offerings to the spirits consist- popUlation of 9,000. Cattle and sheep raising and mining are the chief industries. Rev. Fred- erick C. Taylor, in charge of St. Paul's Episcopal Church, visits Wells, Clover Valley, and other points, involving motor trips of 150 to nearly 300 miles. Last winter the roads were blocked from December 1st until late in March. At Winnemucca four people came fifty miles for their confirma- tion. At Lovelock three of the

Missionary

Recent Boo~s Reviewed for the Readers' Information ~,======================-,~, The Republic of Brazil-A Survey of political power, has such a num- their problems and their unique the Religious Situation. Nine maps, erous following. He is a force Nationalist leader. His book is seven charts, eleven illustrations. to be reckoned with, not only described as the "story of an By Erasmo Braga and Kenneth in India but in the world. It experience and an attempt to Grubb. 8vo. 184 pp. 5s. net. is the belief of the authors of weigh Eastern and Western World Dominion Press. London. this book that he and the move- ideals, as well as spiritual wea- 1932. ment which he incarnates are pons and machine guns, in the not adequately understood in scale of practicability." Brazil is twice the size of Europe and America, and they India but with only about one- have endeavored to interpret Many will not agree with Dr. ninth the population of that him a.nd the Indian mind to Fisher in his estimate of Mr. great peninsula. The white in- Western readers. They are Gandhi and his philosophy but habitants number 51 per cent, members of a brotherhood the remainder being Negro, In- known as Christa Seva Sangha, all will be interested in his dian or mixed. There are in composed of Englishmen and story of the young Indian who Brazil immense natural re- Indians, living together accord- was educated in India and Engsources and unclaimed areas. ing to Indian customs, and land, practiced law and es- It is nominally Roman Catholic seeking to interpret the Chris- poused the cause of his fellow but its people are lacking in a tian Gospel to India in the ut- countrymen in South Africa, c I ear understanding of the most possible detachment from and returned to India to at- Christian message and life. purely European or British ele- tempt the release of his coun- ments. They are therefore try from British control and This survey is an excellent uniquely competent to discuss from everything non-Indianbrief study of the land and the their subject. The Archbishop a difficult, if not an impossible, people, the growth and influ- of York writes a Foreword in task. Dr. Fisher rightly comence of evangelical Christianity which he says that he neither mends Gandhi for his personal and the present tendencies and commends nor criticizes the self-sacrifice, his patience, modunfinished task. Six appendices contents of the book, but that deal with the statistics of evan- he commends it as a contribu- eration and opposition to armed gelical work, education and the tion to the English understand- revolution. This "fighting pacichurch. Thirty-five Protestant ing of the Indian mind, and as fist" set out to organize a peaceorganizations are at work in one that will give a truer ap- ful army to oppose "disciplined 153 stations. The ev.angeIical preciation of the Indian out- violence." He established his communicants number 135,390, look than many of us are likely Ashram at Ahmedabad in 1916 and the total adherents 702,377. to receive from either Indians and required all students who The largest evangelical com- or Englishmen who have not came there to take an eightfold munity is in Sao Paulo. The had this intimate association vow of truthfulness, non-vio- Presbyterians in Brazil number with the people of India. lence, celibacy, control of the about 30,000 and have their palate, non-stealing, non-possesown independent, self-support- A. J. BROWN. sion, swadeshi, and fearlessing church. The Baptist Mis- ness. sion (Southern Convention) re- That Strange Little Brown Manports 34,358 communicants and Gandhi. By Fred B. Fisher. Illus. Dr. Fisher recognizes that 103,074 in their Christian com- 8vo. 239 pp. $2.50. Ray Long Gandhi is still a Hindu who munities. One diagram shows and Richard Smith. New York. that less than half the organ- 1932. looks upon Christ as one of his ized churches have Brazilian ideal characters and teachers. pastors. Dr. Fisher, who was for ten He seeks to live according to years Missionary Bishop of the the Sermon on the Mount but Gandhi-The Dawn of Indian Free- Methodist Church in India, has denies the deity and atonement dom. By Jack C. Winslow and Ver- been a friend and admirer of of Jesus; he does not accept the rier Elwin. 224 pp. $1.50. Revell. Mahatma Gandhi for some fif- Son of Man as the unique reve- New York. teen years. He idealizes "the· lation of God and the Saviour Little Brown Man," but it is of men. The author seems to The eyes of the whole world worthwhile to see Dr. Fisher's think that a man can be both .are fixed on that extraordinary viewpoint of Indian peoples and Hindu and Christian. Gandhi, personality, Gandhi. Probably no other man of this genera- [621 ] on the other hand, says that he tion, without official position or is a Hindu and not a Christian.

We agree with him, though he Now he publishes some of the cient nation, tells the story of holds many things in common favorite scriptures of the Budd- his own adventurous journeys, with Christians, and though hist Zen Sect, which arose in describes unusual experiences Christians shamefully neglect to Japan early in the thirteenth in medical practice and his follow many of the teachings of century. It maintains that the contacts with the picturesque Christ and fail to live the state of enlightenment cannot monarch at dinner and at the Christ life. We can learn much be attained by external means. It coronation. He clearly reveals from Gandhi but it is difficult disregards ritual and empha- the great need for medical and to understand why a man of his sizes simplicity of life. The general health work and for ideals does not condemn the author admits that the "original giving the people the pure Gosevils of Hinduism such as are text of these Buddhist scrip- pel of Christ. The story of tures are very corrupt, disor- Blind Gidada is worth repeatfound in Siva worship. The Book has been banned by derly, and in places very ob- ing.

the Indian Government. The scure." We have, therefore, an The appendix includes a bibchapter on "Sex in India" is dis- interpretation, rather than a liography, and a suggested outappointing and we believe is er- translation. His sympathies are line for the use of the book by roneous and misleading. One not with Christianity but with mission study groups. This is worth reading is that on Buddhism, which he believes to the latest and in many respects "What's Wrong with Foreign be the most promising of all the the best and most comprehen- Missions ?" We should not be great religions. "Ch'an Budd- sive of the comparatively small too proud to learn, even from a hism in China and Korea and number of volumes on Abys- "Little Brown Man," who is a Zen in Japan, for a thousand sinia.

non-Christian and a Hindu. years, have been powerful in Charge That to My Account. By moulding the spiritual, ethical H. A. Ironside. 122 pp. 75 cents. The New Crisis in the Far East. By and cultural life of great na- Bible Institute Colportage Assn. Stanley High. 128 pp. $1. Revell. tions." Chicago. 1931. New York. The fruits of Buddhism as Twelve Gospel sermons of the The author is well known as seen in Buddhist countries to- passionate, evangelistic type ina Christian publicist, who be- day do not fulfill this promise: clude vivid word pictures which lieves that the war clouds have "By their fruits ye shall know tell the old Gospel story in a way never hung more ominously on them." that will hold the reader from the horizon in the Far East beginning to end. Dr. Ironside, than they do today. Russia has S. M. ZWEMER. the pastor of the Moody Memobeen trained for a decade and a rial Church in Chicago, sets half in the school of Soviet Na- The Rainbow Empire-Ethiopia. By forth the way of salvation in tionalism, and Japan is at pres- Stuart Bergsma. Illus. 8vo. 294 plain scriptural style. The first ent under the domination of a pp. $3. W. B. Eerdmans Pub. Co. sermon, "Charge That to My Acmilitary regime. In the back- Grand Rapids. 1932. count," is alone worth the price ground is the colossal figure of of the volume. China embittered by her harsh Abyssinia-the ancient emtreatment at the hands of the pire of Ethiopia is, in a modern H. A. ADAIR. Japanese. The book is impres- sense, still an undeveloped counsionistic and undocumented, but try. There are only fifty miles Chief Men Among the Brethren. Comfair and Christian in its view- of good road in a total of 350,- piled by Hy. Pickering. 223 pp. 000 miles of nondescript roads 3s 6d. Pickering and Inglis. Lon- and mountain and jungle high- don. 1931.

point. Mr. High's conclusion is: ways. Banking, railway, manu- The personalities back of any "In the whole category of the facture, education, medical and religious movement are always forces that are now at work in sanitary work, courts of jus- a fascinating study. One can the life of Asia, it is only tice, modern science and inven- better understand the move- Christianity that, working close tion, public utilities and im- ment if he knows those who to the people, is laying the foun- provements of all sorts are in have been most largely used in dations for those convictions their infancy. its promulgation. "Chief Men and aspirations on which per- But Abyssinia is a unique among the Brethren" introduces manent peace can be estab- and interesting country and its one hundred of the leaders of lished." people have many fine charac- the Brethren Movement in a A Buddhist Bible: The Favorite Scrip- teristics. Most of them are most interesting and instruc- tures of the Zen Sect. 316 pp. Ed- nominal Christians but know tive way. The sketches are ited, Interpreted and Published by little of Christ and less of His necessarily brief and one finds Dwight Goddard. Thetford, Ver- Way of Life. Dr. Bergsma, a himself wishing they Were longmont. medical missionary of the er and more detailed. It will The author in his earlier United Presbyterian Church, have a special appeal to books on Buddhism expressed gives us an unusually graphic Brethren, but is a worthy adthe opinion that Jesus derived picture of the land and rugged dition to any library in which his teaching regarding God and people, recounts the peculiar biography is appreciated.

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ADDRESS……•…………………. ADDRESS.: …………………… ··· Book Review New Books Presbyterian Missions Life of Charles Albert Blanchard. By An American Doctor at Work in In- Are presented in novel and very his wife, Frances Carothers Blanch- dia. Sir William J. Wanless. 200 usable form, for Missiondry Meet- ard. 8vo. 220 pp. $2.00. Revell. pp. $1.50. Revell. New York. ings, as iliustrdtions for sermons dnd tdlks, or for personal inspir- 1932. America, the Philippines and the Ori- dtion, in ent. Hilario Camino Moncado. 214 Much of the material for this pp. $2. Revell. New York. The Presbyterian volume is drawn from the diary The Book of Daily Devotion. Edited BANNER and other writings of the late by Elmer T. Clark and W. G. Cram. President of Wheaton College, 400 pp. $1.50. Cokesberry press. A Church weekly modern in so that the work is largely au- Nashville. appedrdnce, eVdngelicdl in creed, tobiographical, rather than a progressive in contents, prdcticdl discriminating estimate of his A Century of Faith. Charles L. in help to ministers, ministers' character and work. The book, White. 320 pp. Judson Press. Phila. wives dnd other dctive Church nevertheless, has unique value workers; dnd prepdred with as the record of lofty purpose, Christ Finds a Rabbi-An Autobiog- specidl regdrd for the Idymdn dnd unflinching courage, and un- raphy. George Benedict. 399 pp. the Idywoman. Published by the Author. Bethleceasing industry. hem Presbyterian Church, Phila. A Christian Companion Succeeding his father in 1882 God in the Shadows. Hugh Redwood. For the home, the study, missionas president of a small and 127 pp. $1. Revell. New York. dry meeting, young people's struggling educational institu- meeting, SunddY school, dnd hour tion, Dr. Charles Blanchard Handmaidens of the King to Foreign of fdmily dnd personal devotion, lifted it to nation-wide influence Lands. W. Thorburn Clark. 129 its mdny Pdges of "News of the and established its place as one pp. Southern Baptist Convention. Churches Everywhere," dnd its of the strong centers of Chris- Richmond, Va. Pdges of vitdl editorials, dre tian education in America. His prepdred by numerous selected early training was in the Chris- Hudson Taylor's Spiritual Secret. Dr. Correspondents dnd tian ministry and, while he may and Mrs. Howard Taylor. $1 cloth; not be numbered among the 50 cents paper. China Inland Mis- Editorial Staff great educators, his contribu- sion. London. tion to the intellectual ideals of Including Willidm H. Boddy, his time were of no mean im- The Jap,anese Invasion and China's portance. His estimate was that Defense. Edited by Wong Chi-yuen Willidm E. Brooks/ Paul Patton "Life is ninety per cent educa- and Tang Leang-Ii. 80 pp. $1. tion," so that the opportunities Shanghai. Fdris, Rdlph Cooper Hutchison, of the educational sphere chal- Hugh Thomson Kerr, John A. lenged his full devotion. Early Norah-A Girl of Grit. Beth J. MdckdY, Donald Mackenzie, in life he determined he would Coombe Harris. 318 pp. 28. 6d. Joseph R. Sizoo dnd Jdmes H. not withhold his support from Pickering & Inglis. London. Snowden. any good cause and this creed led him to affiliation with a Outriders of the King. W. Thorn- SUBSCRIPTION RATES score or more of spiritual un- burn Clark. 153 pp. Southern Bapdertakings as well as moral re- tist Convention. Richmond, Va. $2.50 d year; to ministers, $2.00 forms, and though some were 1932. highly unpopular there is no Specid I Introductory Offers: evidence that he flinched even The Oxford Group Movement. J. C. Laymen, 6 months . . . $1 .00 in the presence of physical dan- Brown. 632 pp. 18. Pickering & Ministers, 8 months . . . $1.00 Inglis. London. ger. (Canadian and Foreign Postage Extra) Of s t r i kin g appearance, Miss Rosemary Mistary. Kate Mel- lersh. 205 pp. 28. Pickering & Makes a Splendid Christmas Gift marked dignity, a graceful and Inglis. London. Sdmple copy of THE BANNER persuasive speaker, Dr. Blanch- Sons. Pearl Buck. 467 pp. $2.50. free on request. ard was, nevertheless, among John Day Co. New York. Send your order to the most humble and self-effac- The Story of William Aitken Heighing of men. He was a man of way of Fiji. By His Family. 274 The Presbyterian Banner winsome personality, of simple pp. 48. Methodist Women's Auxtastes, and with disdain for iliary to Foreign Missions. 2007 Commonwealth Building everything that savors of the Pittsburgh, PI. artificial and insincere. These Talking with God-A Book of Prayers pages reveal the spiritual gran- for Many Occasions. Alfred Frankdeur of the man; not flawless, lin Smith. 151· pp. Cokesbury but each day of life reaching Press. Nashville. out for od's highest and best. Wondrous Love. D. L. Moody. 187 There is contagion, aroma, and pp. 18. Pickering & Inglis. Lontonic in such a life. don. HUGH R. MONRO. The World-Wide Christian Mission, 1922-1932. A Survey. 284 pp. $1.

1. M. C. New York. Wayfaring for Christ. A. M. Chirg- win. 160 pp. 28. Edinburgh House Press. London.

Ramon Lull. (The Bhaktas of the World, No.4.) P. G. Bridge. 107 pp. Re. 1.2. Christian "Literature Society. Madras.

Juveniles at the Cross Roads. Shin- taro Furuya. Translated by Shizu Hasegawa. 118 pp. Yen 1. Chris- tian Literature Society. Tokyo..

China's Own Critics: A Selection of Essays. Hu Shih and Liu Yu-tang. 188 pp. Mex. $6. China United Press. Shanghai.

Items "Ok

(Concluded from 2d cover) Give Me L1;:1£e.f" John Ellis Manley haS been chosen as the new General Secretary of the cries this homeless, despairing National Council of the Y. M. C. A. leper who waits at the gates of He succeeds Fred W. Ramsey, who a Mission hospital thinking, "If has held the position since the retire- I stay long enough, perhaps they ment of John R. Mott about four will take me in." years ago. Mr. Manley has been en- But THERE IS NO ROOM. gaged in Y. M. C. A. work for the last 30 years and has had a wide experi- He is typical of two million others without homes, health, liveli- ence in this field. hood, hope. * … * in 40 countries at 150 hospitals, the Mission to Lepers (cooperating with all denominations) ministers through medical treatment to Dr. S. G. Inman, Secretary of the lepers broken in body and spirit; while kindly care, Christian Committee on Cooperation in Latin teaching and useful occupation build their faith and morale. America, has recently returned to New York, having attended the Christ said "Cleanse the Lepers!" World's Sunday School Convention in Rio, and after visiting a number of Help in the modern fulRllment of His command by sending a South American cities, traveling by contribution today. ~irplane from Mendoza, Argentine, to Santiago, Chile. 55 feeds a leper for 2 AMERICAN MISSION TO LEPERS months. Room 1118.RW, 156 Fifth Ave., New York * … … Enclosed is 5 ••••••••to help save a leper's life. 510 gives weekly treatments Dr. William B. Lipphard is the wor- for 2 years. Name •••.•……………………… .• thy successor to Dr. Howard E. Grose, editor of Missions during the last 540 provides a year's com- Address ••••••.•••••••••••.••••••••••••• twenty-three years, who is to be pro- plete care. moted January 1, 1933, as editor emeritus for life. William B. Lipp- THE BIBLE T0 0 AY An evanselial che_brinser for hard has been associate editor since deprellion and other day., also 1922; associate secretary of the a visorous, popular, pertinent, assrellive, evanselistie and Bible.study magazine American Baptist Foreign Mission Society since 1919; and recording sec- DON O. SHELTON, LL.D., Editor retary of the Board of Missionary Cooperation since 1920. He brings to SOc a Year, Single Copy 1Sc the office a wealth of editorial ability and a background of missionary (Published by the National Bible Institute) knowledge and experience. THE BIBLE TODAY contoins strong, informing and stlrrlns articles, editorials and Bible expositions by Obituary Notes Christian leaders, and also mOVing accounts out of the thrilling life of the National Bible Institute which Is ensaged in a world-wide evangelistic ond Christian educational work. Lucy Hale Tapley, 75-year-old President-Emeritus of Spelman Col- Comins durins 1932·33: lege, died June 7 at McKinley, Maine. "Th. Men Who W.nt to Se. Wh.t H. Could Se.," by MELVIN GROVE KYLE, President Xenia During the 37 years she had served at Spelman College many thousand Theological Seminary, St. LOUis, Mo. young Negro women had been helped because of her radiant influence. "I•••'n. the Blbl…. by AMOS R. WELlS.! litt.D., Honorary Editor of the ··Chrlstlan Endeavor World." "An Inspi,ln. ContKt with. Spi,lt-lilied ..en….lily… by WILLIAM C. POOLE. successor to the late … lit … F. B. Meyer. former pastor of Christ's Church. London and now postor of the First M. E. Church. Buenos Aires, Argentina. Dr. A. F. Grant, head physician of "Tlln.n In War TI…… by CHARlES ERNEST SCOTIJ>'~'I of the American Presbyterian Mission. Tslnan. the American Mission Hospital in Shantung. North China, AND MANY OTHER INlII'IRING ARTICLES. Tanta, Egypt, died on July 4 while preparing to take up his customary Combination Offer Both SI.35 duties in the clinic. He went to Egypt Sev.65c in 1904, spending his first nine years THE BIBLE TO-DAY (bl-monthly)…………………………………. S.50 at Assiut Hospital. THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD (monthly) •••••••.••••.•.••• S2.50 … lit … AcIcIna Your Orden to Either OlJle. Th. Blbl. To-D.y Th. Mllllon.y R….w Publishln. Co.peny 340 West 55th Street, N. Y. The Rev. Dr. Alfred Gandier, of the United Church of Canada, died of 156 Fifth Avenue. N. Y. heart disease on June 12th, a few days after retirement as principal of Emmanuel Union TheolOgIcal College.

He was moderator of the Canadian Presbyterian General Assembly of 1923.

Dr. Gandier was born in Hastings County, On1., Nov. 29, 1861, a son of Joseph and Helen Eastwood Gandier. He was educated at Queen's University, Kingston, and Edinburgh Uni- versity, Scotlan..d. . … …

The Rev. N. E. Samson of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and stationed at Sironcha, Chandra District, Central Provinces, India, was found murdered in Jubbulpore after having been robbed.

Opposition Is Yield

Before Christian Testimony The Good News of Christ interpreted to Moslems through the Christian life and literature is winning a hearing for the Gospel in many lands.

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BOARD OF MANAGERS William I. Chamberlain, Ph.D., President ••• Dr. Robert E. Speer, Delavan L Pierson, of New York, Viee-Pre$i~ats< Mrs. William Bancroft Hill, Honorary Vice-President Mrs. William Borden Mrs. J. M Montgomery Rev. Ernest W. Riggs Mrs. Finley J. Shepard , Dr. James Cantine, Cor. Sec. Mrs. E. E. Olcott, Treas. Rev. Robert W. Searle, D.O. Rev. Mills J. Taylor, D.O. Rev. Thomas S. Donohugh Dr. John H. Raven Rev. A. C. Snead Rev. S.M. Zwemer, D.O.

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The Missionary Review of the World — July 1931

WOMEN A'f CHRISTIAN WORSHIP IN THE CENTRAL

(, ILVER BAY .~, Sliver Bay-on-Lake G_rge, N. Y.

LET YOUR GIFT AUGUST 1 ST TO 14TH to Foreign Missions Combine. ABUNDANT RECR'EATION with Informative Lecture. – Group Discu••lon. and PAY YOU A LIFE INCOME Delightful Entertainment You can make a generous gift to foreign mis~ sions and have a needed income for yourself Guest Sp.ak….. and Ani….

and others from the money you give by the Rev. J. Ernest James, B.D., of London, England: Mrs. Franklin D. Roosevelt; Rt. Rev. Erneliit M. Annuity Gift Plan Stires; Captain Richmond Pierson Hobson; Col. This plan relieves you of uncertainty and Worry caused by cha.nging values of invested Raymond Robins; Fletcher S. Brockman; Mr. funds and assures you a fixed income of Gifford Gordon of Austra.lia i Dr. Arvie Eldred, See'y N. Y. State Teachers· Ass'n; Dr. Geo. M. 4t% to 9% per year Wiley, Ass't Comm. Education, N. Y. State i M. J. Brines, Director of Music; J ..Thurston Noe. for the rest of your life Organist, Wanamaker's, N. Y.; Double Quartet A reserve fund of over $1,500.000 guarantees from the Westminster Church Choir, Ithaca. the prompt payment of annuities to you, $40 and FOR 2 WEEKS Protect yourself against loss through unwise investments and at the same time up with Room and Board help send the gospel to all the world. RESERVATIONS MADE NOW Foy full information writ~ Registration Fee $3.00 Ernul F. HaU~ Sec;retal'.l'.. Dept. 01 Annaifie. Addre"", Dr_ Tho….ton B. Penfield. Chairman. 347 Madison Avenue •••• New York City BOARD OF FOREIGN MISSIONS of the Presbyterian Church, U. S. A.

156 Fifth Avenue. New York READ THE MOSLEM WORLD SAMUEL M. ZWEMER, Editor SOME ARTICLES IN THE JULY NUMBER: Theodor N5ldeke and Eduard Sachau …… Duncan B. Macdonald A Persian Apostle: Benjamin Badal ……. ' ,J. Christy Wilson The Fear of God in the Koran ,Frank Hugh Foster The Pre-Ottoman Conquest of Asia-Minor. , . ,Lee Vrooman Luther's Attitude Toward Islam , ,Gottfried Simon The Chams of French Indo-China, (with map) America in the Cairo Press , ,A. C. Hanna Can a Moslem Translate the Koran? ,E. E. Elder ,W. G. Shellabear ··<lI,===SUBSCRIBE TODAY===~·· Address THE MOSLEM WORLD 156 Fifth Avenue New York City Single copies, 50c.; Annual Subscription, $2.00; in Combination with the REVIEW, $3.50.

MARSHALL, MORGAN & SCOTT, 12 Paternoster Buildings. London In Great Britain, Eight Shillings, net PleasE' mflntJon THE MrSS]ONARY. REVlEW OP THE 'YORLD in writ1ng to advertisprs. MISSIONARY PERSONALS REVIEW OF THE WORLD MISS MARTHA BERRY, Director of the Berry School for Mountain Children, at HELAYAN L. I'JEnSON, Rditor Mt. Berry, Ga., received the medal of honor from the Town Hall Club for CONTENTS-July, 1931 "achieving an accomplishment of lasting merit." Seven thousand children have al- Puye ready been graduated from the school and there are now 2,000 on the waiting THE HTIW(HlLI,] OF KOlUJAN CJlRIS- list to enter.

'l'IA.NR . . . . . . . . . . . . IIRIWEUT E . .BLAIR 4~5 ** .A. FOltVARD BTliJP IN BHAZIL …… . DR, W. J. MCGLOTHLIN was reelected • • • . . • • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B. C. r.L'll(~l{J):lU. 4V2 president of the Southern Baptist Con- vention at its recent meeting in Birming- CAN TilE POOl( IlIC ClIHISTIANS'1 ," ham, Ala. •• " . " . , . " " . , . "PAUL W, IlARltISON -iU3 *** TOHIIlIKO KAGAWA-J AI' AN]j] S ill DR. G. L. KIEFFER has recently been AI'OWI'LB TO '!'IlE l'O()]t ""', .. , .. appointed to Dr. Henry K. Carroll's posi- " " " " " " " " " " "I!. W. MEYERS 501 tion as statistician for the churches of America. A NtlW AIJygN'rUIUO WITH CHRIST •..••••••.••••••••• PAUL J. BU.USTED 507 ** STltAW:'; IX 'rUE MU,SIONAltY WIND MISS BLANCHE NICHOLA, former dean · . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . LOIS ,T, ELDER 50!) of Berea College, has been elected direc- tor of specific work for the Board of Na- tional Missions of the Presbyterian .A "SCHOUI~ Ob' fl'I[J;] lIItOI'UliJT:5" IN Church, U. S. A., succeeding Miss M• Nl!~W ZliJALAND .. . ……..•. 513 Josephine Petrie, retired. For many years Miss Nichola has been engaged in SHALL CHltIS'l'IANS LWl' 'l'lIE JICWS missionary work among industrial and ALONE'~ EIliTOHU.L . ' [jl(j foreign-speaking groups.

A NOTABLE ImIHU<JW CHRISTIAN- PRESIDENT W . * * W:HI< ITE, of the Bib- Tj[~J STOltY O~' SABE'l'I ll, ItOllOLll W .

· . . . . . . • • . . . . . . . . . . . . V. il. CHUTSTIFJ 510 lical Seminary in New York, celebrated TOl'ICS OF TIlE TIMFJS •…. ' 1122 in April the 30th anniversary of the '''Pht) Nurm3 oj ~1li88'io'1t8'J founding of his institution.

Colll'!}c GORpd ']'eams ttl" Asia REV. JOHN R. *SCO*TFO*RD is the newly j)('[JctHlcilt Independent M18,5!'iOUS elected editorial secretary of the Com- [.r.i tile BHjlc Out oj Date? mission of Missions of the Congrega- ~m'rIiODS FOn WORKERS . . . . . . . . . • . tional National Council. Part of his . . • . . EDITED BY MRS. lJ'. I. .JOHNSUN 526 work is to carryon the associate editor- W(HIAI'S HOME AND FOIttJIGN llUL- ship of the American Missionary num- LETIK ……….. , ..•…•………. 5R2 bers of the Congregationalist.

WORLD·WIDE OUTLOOK ……..•..•• U38 MISS NOltI SHI*MOM* UR*A, an American- IlOOKS WOIt'l'lI RI~ADING •..•…..••• 554 born Japanese girl from Portland, has been adjudged by a faculty committee at 'L'EHMS.-$2,50 a year, ($2.00 in clubs uf Oregon State College (4,000 students) "to approach most nearly an ideal of infive.) Foreign postage, 50 cents. Single copies, tellect and spirituality, and to have ex- 25 cents. Published. monthly. Copyrighted, erted the most Wholesome influence upon 1931, by lIrssION ..t,.RY REVIEW IJUBI.ISIIlNG COM- her associates." Miss Shimomura has been active in campus Christian circles. PANY, INC. All rigbts reserved. MRS. F. 1. JOHN*SO*N, E*ditor of the Best 'I'lIE MISSIONARY REVIBW PUBLISHING Methods Department, when in Siam last COMPANY, INC. March, had an audience in Bangkok with ROBERT E. SPEER, President Prince Damrong, chief adviser of King 'VILLIAM 1. CHAMBERLAIN, Vice-President Prajadhipok. Mrs. Johnson is now on her way back to America. DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Secretary VAI~TER .McDOUGALl" Treasurer * * >1= Publication Office, 3d & Reily Sts., Harrisburg, DR. ERIC M. NORTH, Secretary of the American Bible Society, recently re- Pa. 25c a COllY. $2,50 Ii year. turned from Great Britain where he has EditorIal and Business Office, 156 Fifth Avenue, been on business relating to the distribu- New York City tion of the Scriptures in other lands.

Entered fiS Second-clnss matter at the Post *** Office, Harrisburg, Pa., under Act of March MR. JOHN L. GOHEEN, principal of the a, 1879. Sangli Industrial and Agricultural School of the Presbyterian Western In- dia Mission, has been made an adviser of the Native State of Ichalkaranji. In EMPRESS" this capacity Mr. Goheen is to exercise general supervision over all departments Largest and Fastest of state; principally public works, education registration, municipality, medi- OD the Paeilie . .. ,,'a cine, Ichalkaranji Bank and Cooperative Credit Societies. Honolulu or Speedway *** MISS KATHARINE TRISTRAM, at work in Japan under the C. M. S. for forty-two years, has been awarded the Blue Ribbon Distinguished Service Medal by the Emperor, in recognition of effort for the cause of education and social uplift.

DR. NORTHCOTE* D"ECK*, long a worker in the Solomon Islands, has accepted an invitation to join the Council of the China Inland Mission in Great Britain.

MR. BASIL MA"THE"WS*, recently one of Now, transatlantic the Secretaries of the World Y. M. C. A. at Geneva, and now attached to the per- sonal staff of Dr. John R. Mott of the International Missionary Council, has agreed to become Professor of Missions at Boston University for four months each year. Mr. Mathews' new work will be closely related to the Faculty of Theology and the Faculty of Religious Education, and also to the Newton Theologi- cal Seminary. .,. .,. .,.

THE REV. J. HARRY CoTTON, D.D., pas- size and speed on the Pacific! The White EmpresB tor of the Broad Street Presbyterian Church, Columbus, Ohio, is to deliver Heet comprises the largest, fastest liners to the the Joseph Cook lectures in the Far East, September, 1931, to March, 1932. Orient. / Dr. Cotton is to lecture in Syria, Persia, India, Siam, China, Korea, and Japan. Two Empress routes! Via Honolulu, the huge Empress of Canada and the new 23-knot Em- press of Japan, 26,000 tons gross, 39,000 tons Christians from" other*lands who expect displacement, connecting at Honolulu, if you to attend conferences in America this sail from Los Angeles or San Francisco. Via Summer: the Speedway Express, direct to Yokohama, Empress of Russia and Empress of Asia. Both TOYOKIHO KAGAWA, the outstanding routes from Vancouver and Victoria.

Christian leader of Japan. Travelers in the Mission field will enjoy the JULIO NAVARRO-MoNZO, Latin Amer- neW' uEmpress" Cabin. Varied, tasty cuisine …

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DR. DAVID Z. T. Yur, General Secretary L ..w-e..st Round Trip Sum- mer Far@lJ! ~~Fir.t~!I fro," of the National Committee of the Y. M. .450. __ ··Cabi…. 'r..m 8285 C. A. of China, one of the delegates to the Washington Conference. .

HUGO CEDERGREN, National General Independent travel-touring round-the-world and Orient conducted tours With. Canadian Secretary of the Y. M. C. A. of Sweden. Pacific's veteran travel ~~kDOW-how."

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C. A. National General Secretary in India. CANADIAN PACIFIC …….. TO THE DR. T. Z. Koo, well-known Chinese Christian student leader.

DR. JOHN A. MACKAY, of South Amer- ica, a Scotch missionary whose scholaf'ly ORi£nr Christianrnessages have been welcomed World'. Greatest Trayel System in many Latin American student circles.

BISHOP V.- A. AZARIAH, of India, first Indian Bishop of the Anglican Church.

Please mention THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THill WORLD in writing to advertisers. CHURCH, PYENGYANG KOREANS MAKING OFFFlRINGS 1'0 SPIRITS AT A WAYSIDE DFlMON RTIRINFJ OLD AND NEW FORMS OF WORSHIP IN CHOSEN

LIV. No. 7 July

THE STRUGGLE OF KOREAN CHRISTIANS BY THE REV. HERBERT E. BLAIR, D.D., Taiku, Korea Missionary oj the Presbyterian Church j U. 8. A.

W HEN Japan annexed Korea Japan is proud of her great Prov- in 1910, she did away with ince of Chosen. She aspires to rule the political name of the the land better than America rules country, "Taikau," and officially the Philippines or Britain, India. named the province "Chosen,"-a Law making and enforcement are beautiful old name used by the peo- efficient. The courts are generally pIe themselves and meaning "morn- enlightened, if not always free ing calm." Missionaries, merchants from administrative dominance. In and writers still use the name Ko- spite of resurgent Korean patriotrea, the name so familiar to West- ism and resentment, expressed in ern peoples. occasional independence move- ments, Korea has been, de-facto, a The change of name is less im- part of the Japanese Empire now portant than the deeper changes for twenty years. that have come about since Japan annexed the country. The first of This political situation has afthese changes was political. Dis- fected the Christian movement in regarding questions of Japan's Korea profoundly. It has put a rights or Korea's deserts, there is new fibre into these characters. no question but that Japan has From a simple, rural, religious given a new, efficient, stimulating, community, feeding on Christian peace compelling administration. teachings alone, the Korean Church The Chosen administration is the has been tossed by surging tides of center of the Japanese imperial ad- political feeling. Patriotism and vance upon the Continent. The religion have been intimately asnew government is without the con- sociated at times and many have sent of the governed. Taxation is suffered imprisonment. The stress without representation and is very and strife have resulted in awakenheavy. The subject people have ing the Christian community to an only a minor, employed, participa- intelligent, liberty loving citizention in the less important official ship, which, if justly ruled, may bepositions. come a valuable element within the Japanese Empire, or, if oppressed, If Japan is to rule Korea at all, may eventually lead in some strugshe must keep a firm hand on the gle for national independence. The machinery of government. Peace advance has been from dependence must be preserved or Japan must upon paternalistic favor to a will go. The country must be advanced.

485

to win justice on the basis of law lion Koreans are, perhaps, prosand right. pering, eighteen millions are caught between higher standards Commercially the Japanese have of living and the breakdown of made Korea a new country. Trans- ancient trades and loss of lands. portation facilities center in the Eighty per cent of the Koreans, Government Railway which runs mostly farmers, are in hopeless up and twice across the Peninsula. poverty, and the galling conditions Government auto bus lines connect of changing life cause them great large stations with coast ports. distress. The upper ten per cent, Passenger and freight traffic has through usury, control of transbeen greatly extended. Banking portation, foreign commerce, and and commercial facilities and mod- the wholesale business, take a deadern public utilities have been de- ening toll from the helpless poor. veloped in a decade. Fine cities with modern buildings, water, Christian work in Korea is suflight and transportation are grow- fering because of financial difficuling up. Silk and cotton mills, to- ties. There are a few prosperous bacco factories, machine shops, and business men among Christians, esother new industries have come. pecially in the north. In Pyeng- The Japanese postal system is a yang some can even challenge Japmarvel. Daily papers, the moving anese business leadership. There is pictures and even the radio are be- one law for all, but those who join coming common. Western clothing, hands with Japanese business men medicine, machinery, books, ath- will naturally prosper, whereas letics-all are taking hold of Ko- Christians who keep the Sabbath, rea. The Japanese school system, do not use liquor nor share in no:J.- set to make all Korean children Christian business practices cannot loyal citizens of Japan, gives prom- take advantage of the present comise of great future blessing to the mercial system in Korea. With nation. The Japanese, through splendid exceptions, the newly government control and commer- prosperous tenth of Korea is almost cial enterprise, have brought in universally non-Christian, in fact most of this advancement and they non-religious. Integrity, industry and the Koreans who are close to and personal character will finally them have profited by their enter- win, but the great mass of Korean prise. But the nation is the real Christians, thus far, are farmers gainer. and financially they are at the mercy of a political, commercial Damaging Influences and agricultural control that is crushing them. With new life and Yet the picture is not all bright. ambition which Christian faith There are damaging influences alone gives men, they find their which intensify the degradation of limitations exasperating. The Kothe old pagan life. Narcotics, in- rean Church has been self-supportcreased liquor traffic, licensed pros- ing from the beginning. But today, titution, gambling on the rice except in the cities, poverty is so market, crushing taxation, and po- real in face of higher taxes and litical oppression tend to destroy living costs that pastors' and teachwhat was best in the old life. Larg- ers' salaries are not being paid, er incomes and higher standards of funds for church support are lackliving are for the rulers and those who cooperate with them. If a mil-

THE STRUGGLE OF KOREAN CHRISTIANS

ing, tuition fees for children are prosperous homes, schools and impossible, and the struggle for churches. food and clothing grows desperate. Hundreds give up hope of even The intellectual life of Korea has making a living off the "acre and a also undergone great changes. AIhalf" which they have on the aver- ways fundamentally Confucian with age been allowed to farm, and an added sympathetic Buddhistic either migrate to the cities or to mysticism, the Korean scholar China or Siberia. As a result down the ages has been a proud country churches weaken while Pharisee. As the churchmen of Lucity churches ilourish. ther's day lived in two languages, so the Korean scholars were mas- Christian cooperation is being ters of both Chinese and Korean. tried in many places. Agriculture The Koreans are a remarkably in- OLD TIME RELIGION IN CHOSEN-DEVIL POWl'S ON 'l'IlE HIGHWAY is being studied as never before. telligent, scholarly inclined race. The missions and the Y. M. C. A. The rulers were scholars; the farmare joining hands in taking agri- ers toiled and obeyed. Today the cultural information to the Chris- old Chinese classics are largely tian community as an emergency crowded out of the Japanese conmeasure, but as yet inadequate trolled schools. Instead of two funds limit this help. It is inter- languages, the young Korean scholesting to watch the Korea mission ar must be efficient in three lanforces, ever intent upon preaching guages. Instead of the old Conthe Gospel and the evangelistic fucian maxims committed as a rule training of the Christian commu- of life, a wild jumble of Western nity, turning their attention now to science, Japanese political ethics, the great question of helping that mathematics and vocational sub- Christian community escape de- jects are taught. The old Confucian stroying poverty so that a prosper- scholar is neglected and the modern ous people may be able to maintain school boy is quite a tyrant. West-

• STUDENTS AT CHAPEL SERVICE IN CHOSEN CHIUSTIAN COLLEGE, SEOUL ern books, newspapers, the movies inquirers. They want to know if and numerous magazines fill the Christianity can really solve their present-day mind of Korea with all problem when it commands them to the maze of Western world life and pray for the King, obey the powers thought. The old standards are that be, and turn the other cheek.

gone, except in old rural districts They do not see much hope for the where the classical tradition still great eighty per cent of the poor maintains. In the cities Japanese tenant farmers of Japan, China or law and Christian teachings are Korea ever attaining adequate liv- setting the new standards. Chris- ing conditions or political liberty tian men have a large influence in without a revolution.

some of the Korean newspapers Another factor tends to. under- and these papers are dictating the mine evangelical faith. Western new life. The movies are having a science is wide open before all the tremendous influence on the young students. The Government text- mind of Korea. American life as books are modern, for Japanese seen on the screen is setting a new scholars have gone to the extreme pace for the Orient. The young peo- in keeping up with Western think- ple of the Christian community are ing. Naturally agnostic from Con- not backward in these ideas. fucian influences, the Koreans have There is another intellectual a whole broadside of Spencerian stream pouring into Korea from agnosticism, materialistic mechan- the north. Political refugees flee ism, and anti-Christian propaganda to Siberia and these send and bring continually raining down about back Bolshevik ideas. There is them from Japanese sources.

doubtless an organized unity of ef- In the young Christian Church, fort uniting socialistic Japanese, these intellectual currents make Korean and Chinese with Russian life interesting for the plain old leaders who are only too eager to Korean pastors as they shepherd spread their communistic doctrines. their flocks. For example, Pastor The Korean jails are full of young Yum, of the Taiku West Church, Socialists at times, and among ·has about 1,500 adherents to his these some Christian students often organization. Most of them are are found. In our church work we poor and from the more ignorant occasionally meet youns- socialistic a~riculturallife of the community.

THE STRUGGLE OF KOREAN CHRISTIANS

They have been Christian for well-educated generation of pastors years. They can read and know must immediately work in with their Bibles well. They are hard these older faithful servants of God working, honest, faithful Chris- or turmoil will arise. But just at tians of the older generation. But this time, when the church schools there is also a group in this large should be doing their best work in church composed of college gradu- furnishing ample younger leaders, ates, teachers in the schools of poverty within the church and Govhigher learning, doctors from the ernment regulations have almost hospitals, business men, several overthrown the mission schools. hundred students and the progres- For several years, Korea missionsive element of the younger Chris- aries have been crying out despertian community. Pastor Yum has ately for financial help for educathe impossible task of preaching tional work to meet this very crisis. regularly to this congregation com- The schools have not all been saved posed of these two distinct ele- yet, and the chief appeal from Koments, riding two horses at once. rea today is for money for equip- His training amply qualifies him to ment and buildings which will enminister to the larger, older body able the mission schools to receive of his congregation, but the young- official designation as qualified er, progressive group, full of ideas schools so that their graduates can from the ends ·of the earth, tempted be granted standard diplomas. The with wild ideas from Russia, alert completion and maintenance of an to every failure to appreciate mod- adequate force of younger, well ern scientific knowledge as they equipped ministers for their wonhave gotten it in Japanese schools, derful Church is the most urgent is somewhat beyond him. task before the Korean Church to- day. All over Korea there are similar churches. This situation constitutes The evidences of God's direct a crisis for everyone of these older working in the midst of the turmoil pastors and a crisis for the whole and destruction of ancient Korea, Korean Church, for the younger, creating out of the best of the old DR. AVISION, PRESIDEN'£, AND THE NEW CHOSEN CHRIS'l'IAN COLLEGE At tbe lett are Mrs. PiersoIl and Rev. and Mrs. W. J. Anderson

Orientiallife, and Christianity, one awakened the nation to a new life purnew life in the body of the Church pose. The infusion of Christian ideals of Korea, are clear and inspiring. gave to it a new birth . . . The per- As Luther gave the Germans the sistently active minority have already Bible in their own tongue and re- made themselves felt among their nonmade Germany, the Bible Society Christian neighbors. The rebirth of a has given the Koreans the Word of nation in the heart of the Orient, the God in their own language in a rousing to new leadership of a people beautiful translation. This Bible once spiritual leaders in the Far East, has become the foundation of the who, through the fire of a new zeal new life of the great Christian com- are impelled to proclaim to others munity of Korea with its churches their new faith, is the story of Chrisand schools. Wherever among the tian expansion in Korea. nations that Bible has gone, the great teachings concerning God Dr. Paik's faith that "to the reand His loving control of the world generated Christian community the He created, the theistic conception future belongs" in his country, may of the universe, have set men free be better grounded than he realizes. and led them to an enlightened civi- It was only a few months ago that lization and ·power. The words of an unnamed writer in the New that Book, which have become the York Times gave it as his opinion daily meat of multitudes of Korean that Christianity had already atlives, have given a new moral sys- tained predominant influence retem to the world-sin as a personal ligiously in Korea. Out of the 20,- offence before God, truth as coming 000,000 Koreans, not more than from God, righteousness as the law 500,000, or one in forty, at the of God-these illuminated by the highest estimate can be regarded as Holy Spirit have brought repe)lt- really Christians. Nevertheless, if ance to Korea. Never did the Spirit hopeful, living, influential religion of God convict men of sin, of right- is meant, we may rightly regard eousness and of judgment more Christianity as the most vital repowerfully than in Korea. All Ko- ligion in Korea today. Just how rea, in fact all the world, has seen wide an influence Christianity also this and righteousness has a new has upon the multitudes who seem witness. to have no religious habits, it would be vain to guess. But the forty-six Professor L. George Paik, Ph.D., years of Evangelical Christian acin the final paragraph of his "His- tivity in Korea have been a large tory of Protestant Missions in Ko- factor in changing the mental and rea," sums up his conclusions as spiritual horizons of the whole nato conditions in his native land to- tion. day as follows: The Gospel of Grace that the Ko- When Korea was opened to the West, rean Church has found in the Bible, the greatest change wrought in the which centers in a Saviour able to life of the people was the introduction save them and all men, has filled of Christianity. Evangelical Christi- their lives with new hope and joy anity entered the country when it was and has inspired them to go out still an independent nation . . . An- to spread the Glad Tidings and to nexation in 1910 was only the culmi- reach helping hands of mercy and nation of the long processes of decay kindness to those about them peroriginating before the opening of the ishing with their ancient temples country. The intercourse of the West

THE STRUGGLE OF KOREAN CHRISTIANS

and hopeless religions. The glad profound witness to the Faith. songs of their great Sabbath con- The convictions that God is creatgregations, the power of their ing a Church for His own purposes Gospel preaching, the efficient in Korea fills the heart with wonder organization of their nation-wide and confidence. There are grave Sunday-schools, their home and problems, there are breakdowns foreign mission work, their gen- and heartaches, but they are not erous enthusiasm for better church the rule. The Korean Church is a buildings, their longing to educate glorious miracle of God's grace, their children, their loving com- full of promise and life in the midst munity fellowship all exhibit a di- of the present Oriental Renaisvine origin and control and are a sance.

.It WOMEN 'S SUNDAY-SCnOOL GA'l'HERING A'l' A COUNTRY CJIAPI~L , PYENGYANG THE SINGING OF KOREAN CHRISTIANS NOTHING stirred us more deeply in Korea than the singing of the Chris- tians. The voices were not melodious and they did not always keep the key, but the singing plainly expressed the aspirations of a fervent and genuine experience. Those Koreans sing as they pray- with all their hearts. Unfamiliar as the language is, a visitor is thrilled by the exultant ring of a living, joyous faith. The mud walls and the dark faces and all the strange surround- ings fade from view and one feels that he is no longer among strangers but in the household of Christian faith and love.

I have journeyed far and, have seen many places and peoples, but there still lives to my vision the humble chapels on those Korean hills, with worship- ping Koreans sitting oriental fashion on the fioor and I still seem to hear the unison of those eager voices as they sing; then follows the reverent petition of their leader as he prays for us all, while the white-robed worshippers bow with their faces to the fioor. ARTHUR J. BROWN.

A FORWARD STEP IN

BY DR. H. C. TUCKER, Rio de Janerio, Brazil Agent of the American mble Saciety T HE Protestant Pastors' As- of the Church's mission in the sociations in Rio de Janeiro world.

and Sao Paulo, Brazil, held Emphasis was also placed on the an important Evangelical Congress great need for more thoroughly April 30th to May 4th to discuss equipped native preachers, teachevangelism, Christian literature, ers and lay workers in all branches social service and training of lead- of church life. The need for apoloers. Three sessions a day were getic literature was stressed.

held in each of four leading On the last evening an audience churches, Presbyterian, Methodist, of a thousand or more filled the Congregationalist and Baptist. A auditorium of the new Baptist Methodist layman, former Gover- church, and the time was devoted nor of one of the States of the Re- to three-minute testimonies from public and member of the Federal members. Senate, Dr: Nestor Gomes, was elected President. The attendance This Congress was a striking, of the enrolled members and visi- concrete proof of the new contors varied from one hundred to sciousness springing up in the one thousand. young Church in Brazil. The rising Church on the field passes out of The twenty-five well-written the sphere of missionary control. papers, voluntarily presented by The various bra n c h e s of the Brazilian Christians, covered fif- Church realize more clearly the teen topics and presented a sug- need for cooperation in delivering gestive cross section of Brazilian to their fellow countrymen indievangelical thought. The six larg- vidually the message of the living est evangelical denominations in Christ and in making the impact Brazil were represented in the of the Gospel felt on the whole executive committee, the member- social and economic order of the ship, the authorship of papers, and in the discussions. Thus the Con- nation. gress represented the denomina- The best of the papers pretional elements of evangelical Christianity in the Republic. sented and the findings of the com- missions and the choicest of the Evangelism and the Gospel Mes- impressions given of the Congress sage were given first place on the would make a volume of great program and were emphasized as value to the Christian community of prime importance. There are in- and to many outside church circles, dications of an awakening interest if funds are available for their in real evangelism. The findings publication. One of the greatest on Social Service reveal a clearer obstacles to the intellectual life of comprehension of the principles the young Church is the lack of and message of the Gospel, and evangelical literature to win men the duty of the Church to society. to Christ and His way of life and The salvation of the individual was to enrich the spiritual life and given preeminence in the program build character in the Church.

492

THE POOR BE CHRISTIANS?

BY PAUL W. HARRISON, M.D., Muscat, Arabia Missionary of the Reformed Church in America T HE effort to satisfy and quiet We live in a world that is poor one's own conscience by con- and not rich. If I could take you fessing other people's sins is to Muscat you would see real pov- a favorite amusement the world erty in the hospital where I have over. We who reckon ourselves been working for the past two as of the conservative wing of years. How many beds do we have present-day Christianity are espe- in that hospital? None! The pa- cially guilty in that particular. I tients sleep on the floor. That have often heard the faults of need not excite our pity unreason- "modernists" discussed by conserv- ably for they do not know what a atives, but I do not recollect hear- bed is like. But of two hundred ing conservatives discuss the faults in-patients last year, not one had a of conservatives. It would be very mattress an inch thick under his . easy to say, why we are convinced body. They lay on those ha:rd that the extreme "modernist" has stones with nothing under them as little to contribute to the success of thick as my coat. Most of them lie foreign missions, but the pathetic on a little piece of cloth about as thing is that conservative evangeli- thick as your pocket handkerchief.

cal missionary forces seem to ac- They have not financial resources complish so little. The mission enough to put anything soft under fields are full of earnest evangeli- them. They have neyer had any- cal, conservative men, and we need thing soft in their life anywhere.

to consider how we can improve What do they eat? They scarcely the quality of our service, and eat anything. If a physiologist whether perhaps we do not need came from one of the American to understand more perfectly the universities and lived in Muscat he will of God, rather than castigate would need to revise his minimum our brethren who we think under- standards of living. He would stand it even less well than we. find that people can exist on less Consider what is the evangelical food than he supposed was possi- position in missionary work. We ble. Those Arabs come with their might mention three elements: resistance to disease so far reduced first, that we preach a message by chronic starvation that a tiny from God which is found in Christ; scratch on a man's ankle will grow second, that that message is ca- into an enormous ulcer three pable of producing repentance to- inches in diameter, in spite of all ward God and faith toward our I can do to stop that dangerous Lord Jesus Christ; third, that process. That man has not had this faith results in eternal life for enough to eat for ten years, be- any who accept it. That seems to cause that section of Arabia has be the merest platitude. As a mat- not had a normal rainfall for ten ter of fact, it is not a platitude. years. As a result the wells have • 'j'he second lecture tlelivered at Princeton dried up and the date gardens have Seminary in If'ebruary, 1931. died. The people who lived in that 493

district have moved away, some to desert, you would see a type of Zanzibar and some to Muscat. poverty equally severe. Here is a Some have died where they were, Bedouin tent made of black goat's and the country has become poorer hair. What furniture has it inside?

and poorer. When those men have It has three sticks crossed, with a a slight attack of diarrhea, a few skin basin on top, two or three days later they are taken out and water skins, and a battered, miser- buried. That is the chief cause for able-looking coffee pot. Over in mortality in the Muscat hospital. one corner there are one or two When men's resistance is so far re- quilts. They used to be red but duced from chronic starvation they now they are dirt color. They are simply cannot stand up against any only ragged pieces of wadded cot- type of infection. ton; that is all there is left. In Why do not these men keep a that tent lives a man and his wife little cleaner? They cannot keep and probably one child or two of clean. "Let them go and buy a the half dozen that have been born piece of soap in the bazaar for five there. Everyone of them is a pic- cents." They cannot buy a piece ture of marasmus and emaciation.

of soap in the bazaar for five You can count their ribs as far as cents. They have not the money. you cali see them. Those two chil- .

What does this man eat? Per- dren have lived because they were haps he had something to eat to- a little bit tougher than the half day because he picked up a little a dozen that died.

work in the bazaar. He carried This poverty is not confined to four or five sacks of rice from one Arabia. In India you would find shop to another and earned three a very large section of the popula- or four annas (5 or ten cents) so tion almost as poor as that. When he bought a piece of bread and a I first visited India I remember handful of dates. He may have sitting in the office of one of our had something to eat yesterday, missionaries who had charge of too, but the day before yesterday an industrial plant, and super- he did not, and he does not know vised the village work. Two In- whether or not he will have any- dian villagers came in. They were thing to eat tomorrow. He cannot outcastes, dusty and dejected, and go down and buy five cents worth as thin as matches. They stood of soap. there, wearing no clothes except a The community is so poor that loin cloth. The weight of all the it cannot be healthy. In Muscat, troubles of the world .seemed to where I work, most of the babies rest on their shoulders.

die. There is a good deal of tuber- This is the condition of the ma- culosis. There are all kinds of dirt jority of people with whom the and filth. Those men carry around missionary enterprise is concerned.

a large, well inhabited and prosper- That picture of poverty might ap- ous city in their hair and in their ply to large sections of the popula- clothes and in their bedding. The tion of China, of Persia, of Turkey, reason is the povert,,- of those peo- and of Africa. Missionaries work ple. What would you do if you among people that are poor, as a could not have a piece of soap all rule, not among those that are year long. rich. In Arabia the people are If I were to take you into the desperately and terribly poor.

CAN THE POOR BE CHRISTIANS?

Probably seventy-five per cent of among whom the m iss ion a I' y the missionary work in the past works. We must therefore adapt has been among the poor. our message and our work to meet This poverty is not a passing this situation.

condition. In Arabia the poverty What problem does that raise in is not due to the inefficient use of regard to the missionary enter- natural resources. We get, on the prise? Look at these people as average, one inch of rain a year in they lie on the floor in the Muscat the Arabian peninsula. That one Hospital. They cannot read and inch of rain governs the economic: they cannot write. They are dirty.

status of those people. It has not That man has not had a bath for changed since the days of Abra- six months, and his head is full of ham. If the Lord wills He can lice and his clothes the same. It is change it, as the Arab would almost impossible for him to be say, but He has not willed it for anything else. Can a man who is two thousand years, and there is too poor to keep clean be a Chris- no indication that He is going to tian? Can that Bedouin woman will it in the near future. If arte- out there in the desert that has to sian wells could be dug and pro- wash her hair in camel's urine be duce lots of water, the country a Christian? Is it possible for would be transformed, but it is not Christ to put radiant, eternal life likely that will happen. If oil is into the hearts of people who are discovered, it will be a different as poor as that? To my mind that country, but it is not probable. If is about the most serious problem physicists find some way to trans- that the evangelical missionary form sunlight into electrical energy enterprise faces today. Is it pos- then Arabia may some day become sible for such a man and such a the power house of the world, but I woman to be Christians?

do not suppose that will happen The Outcaste Villagers either. Arabia will some day be- come a Christian nation, or at Look at that outcaste Indian vil- least we will have a glorious Chris- lager. He does not read; he does tian church, but the country will not write; he works as a scaven- be as poor as it is now. ger or for a landowner. He has no When those Arabs become ear- clothes except a loin cloth, and per- nest Christians, the women of the haps an old cloak. He and his wife desert will still have to wash their and three or four children live in a hair in camel's urine, because there single room with a mud floor and is no water for that purpose. one little window, and a door. Can Babies would still die for lack of a family that lives that way be a suitable food because there is no Christian family?

suitable food there. The men I said to one of the leading mis- will look like gaunt, walking sionaries in South India, "Look at skeletons with a little skin on the this poverty around here."

outside, because there will prob- "Yes," he said, "but when a man ably be no more food to fatten them becomes a Christian, we educate after they are Christians than him and train him and get him into there is now. a better economic stratum than he The first picture I want you to was in before."

see is the extreme poverty of those The problem is this: can those

men be Christians in their present keep your temper." The Indian economic status'/ In Arabia, at does not think so.

any rate, when we have thousands The church in the East will be of Christians they will still be poor. oriental in its viewpoint and inef- Their economic status can not be ficient in the way it does its work.

raised very much by becoming If we say, "If a man cannot keep Christians. It must be possible to clean he cannot be a Christian be- have a church that is dirty; a cause cleanliness is an essential church membership that does not part of godliness," then at one get a bath once in three months on breath we have admitted that Hin- the average. Their hair is full of duism and Mohammedanism are undesirable citizens, because they religions better adapted to ninety cannot get soap and water. per cent of the people of India and Moreover, these Christians can- Arabia than is Christianity. We not read nor write and from your have admitted that Mohammed and standpoint and mine, their actions Krishna offer a better message for are childish and oriental. "What those people than Christ. do we mean by that '/" Here is an The average missionary will say, "Of course we will educate Indian who is working for a mis- those people." That is true. The sionary. Both are Christians. The mass movement in India creates a Indian is guilty of petty dishon- tremendous need for education. esty. Perhaps he told a lie and We take a low caste convert and took ten cents that did not belong by main force set him in an eleto him. The missionary lost his vated economic stratum, because, temper and scolded him. Later the according to the average run of missionary hears himself under missionary thought, he cannot be discussion, and the man who has a good Christian otherwise. Our been scolded says, "Now look at missionary educational institutions this. Just now the missionary are based on the belief that the caught me in a small fault. I had Christian community must be edutaken ten cents and I denied it. cated and that it cannot remain Then he lost his temper and scolded Christian otherwise. This means me. Now he thinks that he is a that their economic status must be Christian and I am not." raised if they are to be Christians.

To the Oriental, stealing ten Christ and the Poor cents is wrong and telling a lie is wrong, but it is not half as wrong This seems to be a departure as losing your temper. In the list from the will of God as represented of the fruits of the Spirit the sec- in the example of Christ, because ond place of importance, namely, Christ did not find much in com- the end of the list, is given to the mon with the rich. He threw His virtue of "self-control," but the vir- lot in with the poor. He said, tue of telling the truth has no place "Blessed are ye poor for yours is in that list of Christian virtues. the kingdom of God." I do not The fruit of the Spirit is love and suppose the poor people in Galilee joy and peace and long suffering, were clean then any more than they and it ends up with self-control. are clean now. Jesus said, "It is You say. "It is surely more impor- easier for a camel to go through tant to tell the truth than it is to the eye of a needle than for a rich

CAN THE POOR BE CHR.ISTIANS?

man to enter into the kingdom of church will appear as a result.

God." You and I would reverse What kind of a church? A church that and say, "It is easier for a that is to be made up of poor peo- camel to go through the eye of a ple, dirty people, people who can- needle than for a very poor man to not take baths, who smell bad, illit- enter into the kingdom of God." erate people who do not know much See how poor he is and how filthy about this world, who cannot read his house is and look how dirty he any newspaper—-childishly orien- is! How can he be a Christian? tal people. That is the way they That seems to be the meaning of look to us, though I do not suppose our present mission policy. there are any childish Orientals in We send out college trained mis- Christ's mind. But the vision be- sionaries and book-selling colpor- fore our eyes is a dirty church, an teurs and we organize schools and illiterate church, a childishly colleges for the education of the oriental church, and at the same converts. Whom do college trained time a church radiant with the missionaries most easily work eternal life of God Himself. Just among? Why of course among as certain as we gather in the college bred Arabs, only there are poor, as Christ wants us to, as none as yet.. They can find college Christ Himself attempted to do, trained Indians, and can work the church inevitably is going to among the most educated that a answer in a general way to that particular community contains. description.

I believe our mission in Arabia This raises at least two problems has a higher standard of language for us who are Christians, espe- attainment than any other with cially those whom God calls into which I am acquainted, yet I do not missionary work.

think that we have one missionary The first problem is the type of who is able to present the Gospel church we will try to produce. Will intelligibly to the wholly illiterate we try to reach the poor, the ninety classes. We present the Gospel to per cent of the population? Will men of education and refinement we try to reach the whole of the and travel because it is easier for people? Have we a faith in the for a camel to go through a needle's universality of Christ? Can eye than for a poor man to enter Christ save those who are poor, into the kingdom of God. We do the ninety per cent in India and not even know how those poor Arabia? Have we faith enough men's minds work, so we center to believe that this is possible?

attention upon those who are rich. The second problem is that of If, indeed, we gather in any poor, presenting the Christian message then we try to make them rich so to such men. I wish that you could that they can stay Christians. That see the simplicity and power of the is our present lack of faith. Mohammedan presentation to a What Kind of a Church ~ new community. Their creed is condensed into the simple words: ?I'

Now turn to what I regard as "There is no God but Allah."

the true vision which must be be- Babies are sung to sleep with that fore us when we undertake mission- creed before they know their ary work. We go out to the Orient right hand from their left. As to win disciples to Christ and the sailors work in Arabia and pull the 2

sails back and forth, they chant I doubt if there was a college grad- this creed; when laborers carry uate among them. I am rather their great burdens through the ashamed to think that I could sit bazaar, they chant this creed. through that service and not even When a sick man is ready to die, a say "Halleluiah" or "Thank the friend turns him on his side so that Lord." Those people were gaining he faces Mecca and leans over and by that kind of religious expres- shouts in his ear "Ashed," (Bear sion, reinforcement of their Chris- witness). That dying man, as he tian faith; and they were going out draws his last breath says: "There to be earnest and effective Chris- is no God but Allah." Then he tians in New York City.

tUrns over to die. Why might not poor people in The power of Mohammedanism Arabia and India be appealed to rests to no small degree in the more effectively by that type of simplicity and directness of its im- presentation? In Arabia, in the pact on the human mind. It has no days of the Mohammedan new year complexities. It is a simple Chris- celebration, I could show you some- tian message that we want; a mes- thing very significant. We have sage that is as direct and as two kinds of Mohammedanism- positive as' that. To carry out to the orthodox, geometrical, hyper- primitive and poor people the com- Calvinistic type – Sunniism – plexities ot" theological controversy where the sovereignty of God is is as intelligent as to take those emphasized to the obliteration of complexities to a class of six-year- everything else. We also have a old Sunday School children. We heretical development of Shiism need to teach them as we would there which resembles the Roman children – Who made you? God. Catholic Church in many ways. It Who saved you? Christ. A mes- has an elaborate ritual and a com- sage out there as positive and plicated system of saints. Ortho- simple as the Mohammedan mes- dox Mohammedanism is as color- sage. less emotionally as the stiffest What emotional coloring do poor Presbyterianism, whereas the more unlettered people like the world ritualistic Shiism is as emotional over? We conservative Christians as the Pentecostal church.

are too provincial. How many of At New Year in Arabia you will you have ever made it a point to see a tremendous procession and watch other types of religious ex- they have a theatrical representa- pression? In New York, not far tion of the sufferings of their from the Pennsylvania Station, saints, Ali and Hasan and Husain.

there is a Pentecostal church. If Here is a float with children dressed you would like new light on some in black and all crying most piteous- of these problems, attend the ly for water. Here is the corpse of a young people's service. You will sheep. His head is struck off just have a new sensation. The little before the procession starts and room is crowded with two hundred, the blood spurts out over a distance nearly all young people. When a of six, seven, or eight feet for the man leads in prayer, he has to first thirty or forty feet of the pro- shout to be heard, because their cession. A whole company of type of religious expression is very sword dancers dress themselves in vociferous. They are poor people. immaculate white robes and then

CAN THE POOR BE CHRISTIANS?

cut their foreheads with swords of an iceberg, has suffered defeat. as they march. Blood runs down That ought to be a lesson for us. all over those white clothes and What those people want is a relithey are a gory-looking mess. gion with an emotional outlet. The thing that would interest you That is a very unwelcome type of is the reaction of the thousands of doctrine to most missionaries of people who look on. They weep the Reformed Church. and sob, and during that week of celebrations there is an emotional Missionaries Who Weep outlet which surpasses anything I have ever seen. Throughout the What sort of a presentation of whole year they have readings the Gospel should we have? We about once a week where the same want some missionaries out there thing is done in a smaller way. I who can weep when they preach used to sit in an upstairs room in about Christ. That is a type of the house, that served us for a hos- missionary that we need added to pital in Katif, and watch them in the missionary force today. The the courtyard below. A man sits Indians weep easily. Why should upon a high, elevated chair, and he we insist upon committing the misreads in a lOUd voice. The men sit sionary enterprise to stoics who around and outside is a ring of have lost nine tenths of that women in black. They all sob and mobile, flexible sympathy that weep for half an hour. When the makes a religious message attracemotional outlet has been adequate, tive? Why should not men weep the service stops and it breaks up when they tell about Christ's sufwith handshaking and greetings. fering? The poverty-stricken peo- ple we work with out there are ap- In Arabia there is a steady drift pealed to by that presentation. from the orthodox Mohammedan- Why was it that Methodism swept ism of the desert, that geometrical America? It was not because of Calvinistic Sunniism that is the its stoical self-control! We need foundation of Islam, into the camp to learn from the past. of this ritualistic, highly emotional religion. There is no drift the What, then, are the implications other way. Wherever the two va- of an evangelical missionary enterrieties of religion co-exist, the la- prise? They are, first of all, a mesboring people and the artisians and sage suited to men that are poor the poor are Shiites, held by the and not to men who are rich, to emotional, ritualistic religion. The men who are illiterate rather than landowners and the ruling families to men who are educated, to men are generally the orthodox Sunnis. who are dirty rather than to men That means that the cheap, emo- who are clean, and an emotional tional faith of Ali, the Shiah rather than a stoical presentation, gospel, has won victory after and the vision of a church radiant victory over the orthodox, cold- with eternal life but oriental and blooded, philosophical Mohamme- different from ourselves. danism. There are millions of Shiites out there now. The Gospel That is going to take faith on of Christ is incredibly superior our part, and for those of us who from every point of view but, look forward to participating in dressed up in the emotional clothes the missionary enterprise it is go- ing to take preparation of a type different from what is taught in

the seminaries. You and I are en- from the notion that it depends gaged in carrying the Gospel not upon financial status and rememto a few but to everyone; we be- ber that Christ has His greatest lieve in the universality of Christ, love and His deepest interest in and we must 'become somewhat the poor. Therefore, we must have universal ourselves. It is our pro- our deepest interest and our greatvincialism that we must struggle est love for those that are poor. If against. We have clipped the mes- we do that, the missionary entersage down into our own measure, prise will be different, but it will and we must expand it to the meas- be according to the mind of Christ ure of Christ. We must free it and, therefore, it will be better.

"IF"-FOR MISSIONARIES "If you can hear God's call, when those about you Are urging other calls and claims on you: If you can trust your Lord when others doubt you, Certain that He will guide in all you do: If you can keep your purpose with clear vision, Bear lack of sympathy, yet sympathize With those who fail to understand your mission Glimpsing His world task through your Master's eyes, "If you can work in harmony with others Yet never lose your own distinctive aim, Mindful that ever among Christian brothers Methods and plans are often not the same: If you can see your cherished plans defeated And tactfully and bravely hold your peace, Nor be embittered when unfairly treated Praying that love and good-will may increase.

"If you can trust to native Christian brethren The church you've built in lands across the sea, Seeing in them, as your growing children Promises of the men that are to be: If you can lead these eager weak beginners By methods indirect, your life, your prayer, For failures and mistakes not judge as sinners, But make their growth in grace your earnest care.

"If you can share with the humblest folk your virtue: If noble souls are richer for your touch; If neither slights nor adoration hurt you, 'If all men count with you, but none too much': If you can fill your most discouraged minute 'With sixty seconds' worth of patience true; Yours is the task, with all the challenge in it, You'll be a missionary-through and through." -Evelyn H. Wal,ntsley. Nanking, China. (With apologies to Rudyard Kipling.)

KAGAWA-JAPANESE

TO THE POOR* BY THE REV. H. W. MEYERS, D.D., Kobe, Japan Missionary of the Prcsbytcriflln Ohurch, South, 189"1 M ANY people have tried to de- up by relatives in the adjoining scribe Kagawa by compar- island of Shikoku. Here he went ing him with St. Francis, through the primary schools, and with Gandhi, or Sundar Singh, at the age of thirteen he came to with Gompers, or Origen, or with live with a wealthy uncle in the city some medieval mystic or fiery mod- of Tokushima, entering the middle ern evangelist. But Kagawa is dif- ferent; you must construct a brand new pigeonhole if you expect to fit him into it, and after you have fin- o ished, as likely as not, you will find him sitting on the outside. You can describe him as a poet, a novelist, an economist,a philosopher, a Christian socialist, a philanthro- pist,a statesman, a labor-leader, a mystic, a pastor, an evangelist, or a modern saint. And when you have said all this, I still wonder if the pigeonhole is big enough to hold your man.

Kagawa first saw the light and raised his voice in protest against the indignities and discomforts of this wicked world in July, 1889, and he has been protesting with a good deal of effectiveness ever since. His family was old and wealthy, but his father had lost heavily in specUlation on the rice market, and had turned to an ex- press company fOir his living. The standard of strict monogamy was school one year below the legal age rarely maintained among the upper limit. He inherited a good mind, a classes in Japan forty years ago, frail body, a legacy of wealth and and young Kagawa's mother was success, and a tradition of decidednot his father's legal wife. In such ly lax morals. His was not the encases the child was commonly vironment from which one would adopted, especially where the legal expect to find a great moral leader. wife-as in this case-had no children. So Toyohiko was adopted by My first contact with Toyohiko his father and sent to be brought was in the home of Mr. Katayama, a Christian teacher of English in a *From lVorld Dominion, London. middle school, who called on the 501

little fellow to show his proficiency posterous, and could not be con- in English by reciting the story of sidered seriously. Among young how Kate rescued a train from de- Toyohiko's many excellent qualities struction in a midnight storm. might be counted an exceedingly Toyohiko's first touch with Chris- hard head, and the family failed tianity came through Mr. Kata- utterly to make him move an inch yama, and through an English from his decision. At last his uncle Bible class; his keenness for Eng- told him that if he wanted to throw lish insured his regular attendance his life away in any such manner, at the class. One Sunday he ar- he could get out of the house. They rived at my home in a state of great would have nothing more to do excitement, and began to sob as he with him! And so he was turned tried to tell me what was the mat- out of his home without a penny. ter. He had just read the story of A very few years later he came the Cross of Christ, and, like the back to Tokushima as the guest of the city, and was greeted with an Apostle Paul, the love of Christ arch of triumph, and fireworks, as constrained him. That Sunday was the city's most distinguished citithe turning point in his life. A zen! few months later he was baptized, and from the'first he was intensely What was it that lead this boy of eighteen to give up the life of ease active in the Sunday-school and in and success that his family planned all the work of the church. His for him? What has inspired all the whole nature responded to the ap- great renunciations through the peals of Christian love, sympathy and purity. Though still a mere ages, from Moses to Saul of Tarsus, and on down to Francis of Assisi, boy, he was always ready to take and Charrington's renunciation of part in the church services or in the brewery millions in our own street meetings. time? We can only say that it was the call of God and a vision of serv- The next crisis in Kagawa's life ice. came at his graduation from the middle school, when the question of That first summer was spent in his further study and life work my home, and for two months we arose. He had graduated third in were together constantly, teaching, his class of a hundred and fifty, and the only reason he failed to lead preaching, visiting and making bithe class was that he had been read- cycle tours through the country. In ing omnivorously outside the cur- the autumn he was sent to Meiji riculum. His teachers and family Gakuin, a Christian college in Torecognized that he had a brilliant kyo, where, after some vicissitudes, mind, and they expected him to he was graduated two years later.

acquire fame and fortune in public The next step was his theological life. Imagine their indignation and education in the seminary in Kobe, disgust when he announced his de- which was interrupted by an attack cision to become a Christian min- of tuberculosis and an enforced ister! His uncle had been mayor year at the seaside. During this of the city and a member of the year, spent among the fisher folk House of Peers. His father had held of Gamagori, in a hut that he rent- an office corresponding to a cabinet ed for fifty cents a month, Kagawa minister. This idea of becoming a learned two great lessons that have Christian minister was simply pre- helped to shape his after life. More

TOYOHIKO KAGAWA-JAPANESE APOSTLE TO THE POOR

than once he came face to face with to live in one of those six-foot death, and learned that for him it rooms in the slums? Some of his had no terrors. His whole after life people were hungering for a better has been spent with the conscious- life, and there was not one spot ness that he has "crossed the death- where they could be free from the line," as he expressed it. The other temptation and evil about them.

great lesson that he learned was to We felt that he would not live three know and love the poor people months if he went to the slums, among whom he lived. He wrote where the death rate was six times their letters, taught their children, the rate in healthy parts of the sympathized with them in their city. But he went, and spent nine troubles, and learned the details of years witnessing for Christ among the family skeletons that were to be outcasts, lepers, beggars, gamblers, found in almost every home. thieves and murderers. And this In his last year in the seminary was a young aristocrat, brought his health was better, but he was up in the home of a millionaire!

still far from well. Kagawa had As his work and influence grew, been going down every afternoon the first room soon became too to the Shinakawa slums and small to hold those who came to preaching to the crowds on the him, so a second and a third room street corners. In this section is were rented, and the partitions be- the famous-or infamous-Htwo- tween them were pulled down, mat" district, in which there are making a fair-sized assembly room.

hundreds of one-roomed houses, Sympathetic friends felt that it each room six feet square, contain- was a privilege to have a part in ing two of the three-by-six-foot such a work, and gifts amounting mats found in all Japanese houses. to a considerable sum were sent to These houses face upon alleys three him by Japanese as well as foreign- to six feet wide, that are filthy be- ers. But for a long time Kagawa yond description. Sometimes fam- lived on about a dollar and a half ilies of five or six persons are found of American money a month, giv- living in one of these tiny houses in ing away many times this sum to which babies are born, invalids the poor and suffering about him.

languish and the sick die, all in In the cold weather he would give crowded confusion. Naturally most away all his clothes except what he of the inhabitants of this human was actually wearing. In order to rabbit warren are the very poor, make it possible to get his clothes the unemployed, the sick and the washed he kept an extra suit at criminal. What chance has a girl my home where he could not give it or boy in such surroundings to away, and we made him come up grow up clean and healthy? and have a change once a week.

Kagawa preached on the street Kagawa's day in the slums usual- corners to jailbirds, gamblers, ly began at six in the morning with prostitutes and drunkards. His a preaching service on the streets, words brought many to conviction at a spot where the laborers gath- and tears, and they would beg him ered before going out for the day's to help them to live a better life. work. This was followed, by a What could we in the seminary do round of visits to the sick, giving when he came asking permission to financial aid to as many as pos- leave the dormitory, and go down sible. He conducted and financed

scores of funerals. He took in all was old man Maruyama, perhaps who asked for a place to sleep until the laziest mortal that ever existed.

there was no more space on his Out of the goodness of his heart floors, and occasionally one of his Kagawa took the old fellow in, guests would depart, carrying off after which he refused to work or some of his few belongings. Not even to beg. He would just sit infrequently he would have a guest around and eat and sleep, and suffering from some loathsome dis- scratch. Then, there was the tiny ease. One young fellow conceived baby whose mother died, whom Ka- the bright idea that he would like gawa temporarily adopted. He got to be employed as a sort of superin- some condensed milk and fed it, tendent, drawing a salary and but he succeeded none too well, and wearing a suit of foreign clothes. as soon as possible sent it on to its Kagawa gave him his only suit of relatives living elsewhere. "The foreign clothes, an old school uni- baby wept, and I wept," he told me form, but there was no salary to in recounting this experience.

be had even if the fellow had been But along with these bitter exthe right man for such a position. periences in the slums, there were Finding his requests refused, he many that made his heart glad. went out and· drank a lot of sake, There was the bean-curd peddlar bought a vicious short sword, broke Veda, who came to Kagawa after into the room where a prayermeet- drinking and gambling away everying was being held, and threatened thing he possessed except the very to kill Kagawa and all the rest. He dirty shirt that was his only gar- kicked over the hibachi aNd scat- ment. In a drunken brawl he had tered coals of fire about the room! received a gash across his face that He was finally pacified and gave up caused his eyes to point in different his sword, which I have in my desk directions, and made him look like now. Kagawa did not want to have the cut-throat he really was. Veda it in his house. was really converted and became Another of Kagawa's uncomfort- a power of righteousness in the able protegeS was a big, burly slums. He soon "made good" finan- gambler, named Kodera. He had a cially, and until God called him complete gambler's outfit of cards home he was an earnest Christian and dice, and had served several and an effective street preacher.

terms in prison after police raids Among the brightest pictures in on his games. He was touched by my memory are some of the meet- Kagawa's preaching, and in a peni- ings held in those Shinakawa slums tent moment handed over his cards of Kobe. The Sunday mornirig -to which I fell heir, as in the meeting for worship was regularly case of the big knife. But Kodera held at six o'clock, as this was the had no real change of heart-and quietest hour of the day. In sum- he looked with greedy eyes at the mer it was earlier. On Sunday money which he saw Kagawa hand- nights evangelistic services were ing over to the sick and starving. held, when the room would be When Kagawa refused him a packed. On Wednesday nights a "loan" of fifty yen, the big fellow prayer meeting was conducted, knocked him down and went out in and on other nights a night school a rage. was held and the boys who attended Another very troublesome fellow were given regular high school

TOYOHlKO KAGAWA-JAPANESE APOSTLE TO THE POOR

courses in a number of branches. a series of articles entitled, "Japan One of these slum boys now holds Seen Through a Crack," which exan important position in the city cited much interest. His first book employment bureau, and is an in- of real importance was entitled fluential Christian. I used to help "The Psychology of Poverty," to teach classes in English in this which was an original study of night school. life among the poor, with a pro- gram of reform. This was a rather The prayer meetings which were expensive book, but it sold through held there were unique, and some- scores of editions, and established times positively thrilling. Imagine his reputation as an authority. One sitting in a circle on the fl-oor with worthy official in social work used fifteen or twenty men and women, a whole chapter of this book, witheach one of whom had a criminal out acknowledgment, as part of his record or a tragic history. Most of own report. them had served one or more terms in prison for gambling, theft or But the one book that did most murder. Some of the women had to establish his fame and extend his been prostitutes. Some had hus- popularity was an autobiographical bands in prison. There was one novel called Shisen Wo Koete, or whose hubsand had been in a gam- "Across the Death-line." This book bling party when the police raided sold through nearly four hundred the place. He made a wild dash editions, and brought its author an for the stairs, tripped on the top income of thirty thousand yen for several years, all of which he gave step and broke his neck as he fell away as fast as he received it. to the bottom. The hymns sung at Great numbers wrote and told him these prayer meetings might be de- that they had decided to become scribed as making a joyful noise to Christians through reading this the Lord. They could hardly be book. Its popularity has insured a called music. And the prayers were wide reading for all the books he such as I have never heard any- has since written, numbering nearwhere else. Those people had never ly fifty in all. As an illustration of heard of the formal "prayer lan- Dr. Kagawa's versatility, at the guage," so they talked to the Lord time when this novel was being in their own everyday speech. printed he had three other books in the press: a book -of poems, an es- They would tell the Lo'rd with ap- sayan economics, and a book called palling frankness of their sins and "How to Teach the Life of Christ temptations, and beg for God's to Children." The range of his instrength to gain the victory over terests and the extent of his knowthese sins. There was a grim ear- ledge are most remarkable. nestness about it all that made one feel oneself in the very presence of After nine years in the slums he God. went to America, where he spent two years in study at Princeton While living in the slums, Toyo- and 0 the r institutions, making hiko Kagawa, through his writings, friends everywhere, and adding to gradually gained a wide circle of his enormous stock of encyclopredic friends and admirers all over the knowledge. Returning to Japan, country. He visited all the large he spent his first night among his cities of Japan, investigating the old friends in the slums, taking up conditions of the poor, and wrote for one of the largest daily papers

the work where he had laid it down During one of Dr. Kagawa's two years before. trips abroad, he was brought in contact with the Huguenot Church A new era was opened in Kaga- of France. He was told of their wa's life when he entered politics, churches and schools, their colleges and undertook to organize a labor and seminaries, their distinct literparty throughout the country, and ature and culture in a land that to raise the standard of living was largely Catholic or irreligious. among the working classes. He be- With a million or so members, they gan to organize labor unions every- are able to maintain and develop where, published a labor magazine, their religious life successfully, The and inaugurated a campaign for thought occurred to him that unless universal suffrage and for a change the Church in Japan can get a in the government's repressive attitude toward all labor movements. backing of a million members it The price he paid for this political can never maintain its position and activity was two weeks' imprison- wield its proper influence in that ment, several fines for dangerous country. With this thought in mind sentiments discovered in his writ- he returned to Japan to inaugurate ings, and an undeserved reputation a nation-wide evangelistic movefor being a dangerous radical. But ment, called at first the Million the interesting part of all this is Souls Movement, and later the Kingdom of God Movement. Dr. that his campaigns succeeded. The Kagawa is himself the soul and property qualification was removed center of this movement, and he and the franchise extended to near- has brought the message of the ly the entire male population. Fac- Gospel to vast crowds in all the cities of Japan. In addition to the tory laws were radically revised, spoken 'word, many hundred thouhours of labor were cut down and sands of his evangelistic books have living conditions were revolution- been sold wherever his meetings ized under Kagawa's leadership. At the same time, those in author- have been held. ity in Tokyo began to find out that this supposed radical was really In considering the life and work a constructive statesman, and a of Dr. Kagawa, it should never be mighty defence against the attacks forgotten that his work has been done in the midst of bodily weakof the followers of Karl Marx. ness, severe illness, and difficulties One of Dr. Kagawa's lines of ac- and handicaps that would have in- capacitated most of us. He has tivity is in the organization of a written a beautiful little book society which he calls Iesu no To- called "The Remaining Thorn," or mo, or the "Friends of Jesus." the "Blessing of Affliction," in Some of the members have never which he tells of his own sufferings been baptized as members of any from tuberculosis, from dire povchurch, though of course the great erty, from gradually approaching majority are church members. It blindness and a dozen other afflicis a band of men and women scat- tions, and of how the Lord turned tered all over the country who dedi- each of these "thorns" into blesscate their lives to following Jesus ings, and enabled him to rejoice in in helping their fellow men. The organization is of the simplest, but them all. the fellowship and the service are real.

A NEW ADVENTURE WITH CHRIST *

BY THE REV. PAUL J. BRAISTED, Judson College, Rangoon SOMEONE has said that we through the maze of our jangling have offered the world of our aspirations saying, "I am come that day a "Saviour too small for ye may have life and have it abun- the tragic necessities of life." dantly"?

The "tragic necessities of life," There is no cause for pessimism, how the phrase haunts US! To say unless our faith is inadequate for that a new world has come into be- the present demands-those "traging has become so commonplace a ic necessities of life." Any shallow thought that we are inclined to optimism will only lead us down neglect its urgency and true signif- long paths of bewilderment, and icance. This new day is not the sorrow and embittering disappointarena of conflicting world religions ments. But if we have learned as it has been in some periods of something of the fullness of Christ, recent history. Our new day has of His rugged simplicity, of His brought into startling clearness the deep interest in the actual problems necessity for facing the facts of of life, and if we have caught His life. The conflict is not between the spirit with its great natural affinity various faiths, but it is between the to human need, we are called indeed moral materialism, with the sub- into a new adventure with Him. sequent agnosticism of scientific But it must be an adventure with materialism, on the one hand, and Him, as He will lead. We must be the world of spiritual realities on prepared for new alignments, the other. This is the day when changing emphases, radical read- Christ should come into His own. justments it may be, anything at For here He stands, not the de- all, if so be that He may be known, fendant of His system over against and shared, and loved by our fellowother systems, but face to face with men of this day. human need. Here Christ is found living, creative and life-giving. The intellectual climate of the day is frankly sympathetic. It is We who are in Burma as His seldom hostile. A leading article ambassadors, are called by our in one of our Rangoon dailies is of modern kalredoscopic civilization to peculiar interest. It was entitled, a new adventure. Ours is the task "What ought we to believe?" Note of vitally relating Christ to human the question. It has nothing of the needs in its tragic necessity. What attitude of rejecting all beliefs or has Christ to say to human need? hostility to them. It seems to ask What will His attitude be to those us, what can we believe? What is who feel bound in the unsatisfying it necessary for us to believe? What and dim chambers of a seemingly tests can we place for our beliefs? inevitable agnosticism? What is To what extent can we believe? Its His mind? Do we hear Him speak- attitude is frank and earnest, but ing the words of liberation, of its final resting place, admittedly peace, of power, of new life! Is unsatisfactory, is an unstable ag- He not even now calling down nosticism.

• Extracts from an address delivered before This is but half the story. There the Baptist Missionary Conference in Rangoon.

507

is a brighter part, and one of When the rugged, stark realities of far greater significance. The writ- life wring from me the cry of hu- er of the above mentioned edito- man fallibility and utter need, what rial sees clearly that this is an age I want is someone who will put my which is seeking reality.. hand in the hand of my Father, Weare living in a world frankly God. I need Him. Nothing else will disillusioned, and ill at ease, dis- touch my deepest needs. And it is turbed at the loss of that which here that Christ brings me the cer- alone can make life completely tainty I need. For when I am near worth while. Agnosticism might be Him, and when the fellowship of a hard and cruel thing, unbending His gentle spirit is unclouded 1 before any appeal of religion or ex- know myself to be near to God.

perience or the spirit world. But We do not often think of the this recent agnosticism is a differ- other aspect, God's search for man. ent thing. It is eager, it is wistful, But there is the greater truth, that it is on a search. It is hopeful that the loving heart of the Eternal is some way may be found for belief. out to reach us and bring us into a It is half expectant that the future full life of fellowship which shall will hold some new belief which mean life in its overflowing fullwill bring back into life all the ness. The Father seeks us down the beauty that it may contain. Here long years through a humiliating is willingness to believe and an incarnation, across the plains of anxious search after that which our human aspiration and need, may be safely believed. into the long nights of human guilt This is the day in which to turn and sin and despair, and finally men's hearts and minds to Christ, toils up a lonely Calvary that His not only encourage them to study love might be blazoned to all the His teachings, and become familiar world. Here then is love. Here is with the events of His life, but we must demonstrate in an appealing something big enough to meet our way the life which is in fellowship need and the need of the whole with the ever living and preser!t race. Robert E. Speer has said that Christ. What is desperately need- every discovery of God on the part of man must of necessity be a reveed in the present situation is Life; lation on the part of God. This is and Life can only be communicated a very profound truth. What is through lives, lives saturated with the aspiration and upward surge of Him, and radiant with His love the human heart but the irresistiand health. I know of no way in ble drawing of Him who said that which darkness and death can be He would draw all men unto Himchanged except by Christ. self. Christ in His great work is In India I used to find large num- trying to bring men to the Father's bers of Indians eager to discuss the heart. And on the other hand in different ways to God. Their at- Him we see the Father reaching titude was that of admitting any out to draw men, to uncover His new way to God if only the other essential nature. In Christ we have alleged ways to God were not de- all. There is one place where hu- nied. These discussions about the man need and the loving heart of number of ways to God are futile. the Eternal meet, and that is in It ends in intellectual gymnastics. Christ. BY LOIS J. ELDER, New York Travel£ng Seoretary of the Student V"I1lnteer MQvement I T HAS been said that each gen- may in their turn "junk" the re- eration returns to the ideas of ligion, morality, and thought of its grandfathers. While this their immediate predecessors as simple statement might rightly be thoroughly as their fathers challenged, still. if we are closely scrapped that which preceded to examine the present trends in them. Such people as Dr. Harry thinking among college students, it Elmer Barnes and Mr. H. L. can be found to possess a modicum Mencken, greet this reversion to a of truth for us now. We have been "midVictorianism" of thought reminded over and over, almost ad with alarm; others hail it with a nauseam, of the reaction against deep sigh of relief; still others all orthodoxy, religious or secular, wonder whether this destructive which came at the end of the peri- process must again be repeated or od dominated by the ideas of the if, given proper direction, we may ultra-conservative, pre-war genera- hope that they will strike more of tions. The next generations re- a happy balance between over-con- jected the orthodoxy of this group servatism on the one hand and un- because they knew that it did not checked liberalism on the other.

possess all of the truth concerning Christian missions were among religion and life. They rejected the many aspects and expressions the partial and, to them, mistaken of religion which were subjected comprehension of God, the morbid to the destructive criticism of the and "repressed" morality, the ways post-war generation. Naturally of thinking and what was to them people who were avowedly social- the" incomprehensible vocabulary istic and humanistic in outlook of the Victorian generations. This could not readily understand, still reckless junking of old ways and less fervently support, a program thoughts did achieve for men a whose slogan was "The evancommendable freedom of interpre- gelization of' the world in this tation of their lives but it also generation" and which was moti- helped to establish a materialistic vated by a zeal to redeem the regime in a world ruled by science heathen 'peoples of the earth by and big business. We now shudder preaching Jesus Christ and Him at the results. crucified. The emotional motiva- At present, however, a new tion of such an undertaking was as group of students is entering into foreign to them as was the vocab- another era of life and thought. ulary in which the purpose was ex- They are again questioning the pressed. Therefore we had a sharp conclusions of this modern group decline in the missionary enter- and are looking for their own an- prise which showed itself in the swer to the everlasting question, failure of the home churches to "How shall we live?" To many support the existing missions fi- thoughtful and well informed ob- nancially, and in a marked de- servers it seems that these students crease in the number of students 609 who offered themselves as candi- sharing. Whatever the reason or dates to carryon and advance the thought behind it, the fact is that mission work. For some time it students today are becoming gen- has taken a great deal of optimism uinely, if slowly, refired with mis- and steadfast belief on the part of sionary passion.

the faithful missionary leaders not Another contributing factor to to resign themselves to the popular the recent unpopularity of missions belief that foreign missions were, has been the current misconcep- if not already, "done for," at least tions of methods used in the enter- very rapidly coming to that state. prise. Much of the prejudice against In the eyes of the average young most causes can be attributed to person the movement was passe ignorance of the fundamentals un- and anyone who was naive enough derlying those causes. So it has to believe in it or fanatical enough been with missions. Many of the to give his talents to promoting people here at home, who have been the work on the field, could be most destructive in their violent treated only with an amused con- criticism of missions, have been tempt. Missions. and missionaries those who knew little or nothing were not "modern"; they could about the real workings of the mis- not in the very nature of things be sion. Somewhere or other they considered "liberal" in thought have gained the impression that and, worst of all, they were guilty the only interest of aU missionaries of the heinous offense of trying to is a "nose counting of saved souls"

force their ideas about religion and and that the only means taken to life on other peoples who should be achieve that end is that of exhor- left free to practice their own be- tation. Their common conception liefs. On these and many other of a missionary is that of a pale, scores missions were tried by this long-faced, black-clad, militantly "modern" and "liberal" genera- "holier-than-thou" person who tion, found guilty, and sentenced knows little and cares less about to die a natural and rather rapid present trends in world relations death. and world thought. We can little But now these same people who blame anyone for not being at- are being alarmed at the thought tracted to such a picture of mis- of the contemporary reversion to sions and missionaries-I doubt what they label as a midVictorian whether I have painted it in strong philosophy of life might be just as enough colors. During the last few surprised to find that the body of months my time has been given to missions in which life was thought traveling around among the col- virtually extinct is beginning to leges and universities of the United show renewed life to a startling States and I have naturally met degree. It would seem that these hundreds of people who might fair- present students think that possi- ly represent the average point of bly these "moderns" have been as view. Many of these people have mistaken about missions as about frankly admitted to me that they other things and that it is perhaps had always held just such an opin- an enterprise which has something ion of missions. But the hopeful real to offer to them and the world thing about it all is that most of at large and one in which they them seemed quite willing to might find a real satisfaction in change their attitudes after they had listened to a presentation of have had another experience which the widely inclusive program of seems to me to be cause for re- modern missions and found that it joicing on the part of those gen- embraces work as varied as the uinely concerned over present in- agricultural work done by Sam terest in missions. Frequently Higginbotham in Allahabad, India, when I was to speak before a stu- the educational work done in the dent body the learned older profes- mission schools from Kobe, Japan, sor in charge of the program would to Santiago, Chile, and the power- take me aside and say kindly, ful evangelistic and social work of "Now, if I were in your place, I a Kagawa. would tell them something about But here again we find a differ- Persian life and customs in a gen- ence in the attitudes and reasons eral way and not say anything for attitudes on the parts of the about missions. I know from past younger students. Due to various experience that if you say that you factors the students entering col- are going to talk about missions lege just now are much better in- that half of them will go to sleep formed about the nature of mis- and the other haIf will put books sion work and are, therefore, more up in front of their faces and pro- kindly disposed toward it than ceed to study their lessons during those of the last generation or two. your talk." I have replied quite They have grown up, to be sure, kindly but firmly that I would like under the tutelage of this older and to try and see whether they would bitterly opposed generation and act in this way (just to carryover therefore are somewhat predis- some of our beloved scientific meth- posed to look upon missions od of trial and error, if for no other through their eyes. But an in- reason). In every case the profes- creasing percentage of them have sor and I, and perhaps the students a passing knowledge of the various also, have been pleasantly sur- kinds of mission work and of the prised to find that we have had kind of person who is best quali- neither a study hall nor a class in fied to undertake this work. Many relaxation while they had a chapel of the students have read and talk on missions. It is quite true thrilled over such books as "The that in talking to them about mis- Splendor of God," "Aggrey of Af- sions I have used a vocabulary rica," "Seven Thousand Emer- (minus some of the more flagrant alds," and "Waste Basket Surgery" and jangling forms of collegiate to mention only a few of the more slang) which was approximately commonly read books. This read- the same as that which they use on ing may be limited in its scope and the campus. None of us could get may not present an all around pic- excited enough about some cause ture of missions, but who would to give our lives to it if we heard say that it is not encouraging to that cause presented in Latin or find them reading even a limited some other language with which amount of such reliable and en- we had only a bowing acquaint- lightening literature on modern ance.

missions? This is a big step in ad- My conclusions, after a brief vance of the lack of information of but rather intensive acquaintance their fathers. with students during the last few Several times during this year I months, would be: First, that the advance guard of ward missions and are becoming the more thoughtful of the younger more and more willing to give the students just now, having found cause a hearing and, after the hearthat the scientific attitude toward ing, their allegiance. Most of them life is far from being either wholly are still too much under the influsatisfactory or from offering the ence of their sociology to adopt any entire solution of human well being such slogan as "The evangelization and happiness, is turning back to- of the world in this generation" but ward that way of thought which there is one minor prophet who characterized the people one gen- would like to predict that, even eration removed in the past. while they keep the sociological background, they will eventually Second, I believe that, as they espouse a missionary cause-and change their outlook on the other possibly adopt another missionary phases of religious life, just so are slogan with a great significance. they changing their attitudes to- A DAYBREAK PRAYER-MEETING IN KOREA BY MRS. W. D. REYNOLDS, Pyengyang, Korea ADAYBREAK prayer-meeting in Korea is a never forgotten sight and thrill. Before the time for service to begin, we are obliged to enter by the pulpit door, as there are no seats elsewhere. We see one thousand women sitting as close together on the floor as they can get-a veritable sea of white headdresses. On the other side of the church are about five hundred men.

All are sitting quietly waiting for the speaker to begin. There is no oonfusion, no whispering. All sit quietly, hugging themselves, for the early mornings now are cold.

Evangelist Kim Ik Dan begins with a hymn, prayer, and the Scripture. He speaks earnestly and sometimes dramatically. There is not a sound in the audience except an occasional cough and now and then a baby is heard, but its mother quickly quiets it with a little of nature's good baby food, and nobody is disturbed.

The evangelist calls for everybody to pray and immediately a burst of sound like the roaring of waves fills the church, yet there is no excitement or confusion. After about five minutes of this prayer, Pastor Kim begins to sing, and all join. At the close of the hour he says, "Those who must leave, please go out quietly." A number, mostly women, rise quietly and leave. He then continues talking or praying or answering questions as long as anybody remains.

This wonderful scene is in a city which thirty-five years ago had never heard the Gospel. Evangelist Kim is a magnetic, earnest and dramatic speaker. He goes about alone to fill his engagements-no choir, no pianists, no assistant teachers. He carries the simple message of the Gospel.· During the evangelistic meetings he has conducted the 6 a. m. prayermeeting, two Bible classes each morning from 10 to 12, at 6: 30 p. m. he preaches for an hour at the Central church to a packed house, and then goes to the West Gate church and preaches at 8 p. m. to about 1,500 people.

During one of his Bible classes, a man a-sked him why God did not speak directly to us as he did in days of old. At once Pastor Kim said, "Come up here, brother." The man went up, and Pastor Kim made him come up in the pulpit where all could see him, and then he held his open Bible close to his face and said, "God is speaking to you in these sixty-six books; what more could you want?"

KEMP (STANDING) AND TilE S'l'UDENTS AT THE AUCKLAND

A "SCHOOL OF THE PROPHETS"

IN NEW ZEALAND Spiritual Training in the New Zealand Bible Training Institute A FEW years ago the Baptist Hostel was opened on March 1, Tabernacle at Auckland, New 1923, with five resident students. Zealand, was the scene of a With no proper dormitory or class spiritual quickening which called rooms, and with very limited ac- together daily a number of kindred commodation the housing condisouls for prayer. Once a week a tions were far from ideal. few ladies met to pray that the way might open for the establish- A building overlooking the West- ern Park was secured and adapted ment of a Bible school for the to the work but soon became very training of Christian workers. inadequate. Every available space There was need for such a school was required for use as sleeping in New Zealand. A meeting of quarters. business men was called and the Both men and women soon outpastor, Rev. Joseph W. Kemp, laid grew their quarters. In answer to the project before them. As a re- earnest prayer, and through the suit sufficient support was prom- generosity of the friends of the Inised to justify publicity being stitute, a site was purchased and given to the project. There was a simple but well equipped fireopposition and it was clear that if proof building was erected and Satan could have prevented the opened free of debt on August 20, launching of the Institute he would 1927. The large attendance at the have done so. Finally the Insti- opening attested the place which tute was opened on March 1, 1922, the work had gained in the con- with six young men students and fidence of the Christian people of four young women registered as New Zealand. This new home pro- nonresident students. Further ap- vides separate rooms for about plications were received, and in a sixty students. One wing is deshort time the number had grown voted to women, and the other to to thirteen. A Young Women's men. It has also a dining room, 3 513

kitchen, lecture room, social rooms, the "Personal Christian Life" administration offices and accom- course, many problems are faced modations for the staff. Ever since and the Word of God brought to the opening the Institute has been bear on the life and walk of the filled with a fine body of students. believer, often with revolutionary The Institute is in no sense in force. The monthly all-day of competition with existing theo- prayer is a strong factor in this logical schools or denominational development. colleges. While it does not attempt Previous to the establishing of to give only academic training, the the Institute young men and young preparation received is by no women desiring such training had means superficial. Tho r 0 ugh to seek it either in America or Auscourses are provided for a prac- tralia. Now New Zealand can tical knowledge of the English train its own workers and the Bible. This is preeminent. Not graduates testify to the great help only are the students instructed in received for service both in the what the Book contains but they home field and in foreign missions. are also encouraged to test for These young men and young womthemselves the truth of its con- en are now serving in India, China, tents. Such a study gives the stu- the Sudan, Mexico, Papua, Solodents a comprehensive grasp of the mon Islands, AUstralia, South entire Scriptures, with opportu- America, and Canada. Several are nity for original search. The books ministers of different denominaof the Bible and the great doctrines tions in New Zealand and some are dealt with systematically and work among the Maoris. The definite recognition is made of dis- course on Missions gives those in pensational truth. New Testament this "School of the Prophets" a Greek is also studied and current world-wide vision. The Institute, theological problems are met in lec- being interdenominational, works tures on the Bible and science, in harmony with all Evangelical criticism, evoIutinn, and false re- Churches and Christian Missions ligions. Students are not left in which are true to the Faith. doubt as to the truth and have to The faculty of the Institute is meet forces destructive of faith. made up of those of unquestioned The study of practical methods of loyalty to Christ and the Bible and Christian work includes sermoniz- thoroughly competent as teachers. ing, evangelism, prayers and other The Rev. Joseph W. Kemp, pastor activities of the Christian worker. of the Tabernacle, has acted as Especial emphasis is placed on Honorary Principal since the inwhat Thomas Boston called "The ception of the Institute, and as Art of Man Fishing" for no train- teacher of Homiletics and Syste- ing can be complete without a matic Theology. Mr. J. O. Sanders knowledge of how to win souls. left the legal profession to act as Students are shown how to deal Secretary-Treasurer. Mr. C. J. with various classes of enquirers. Rolls, the Dean, has recently gone A course in English is prescribed to America but Mr. H. Yolland is and particular attention is given to proving a valuable teacher. Other the public reading of the Scrip- members of the faculty include tures. The spiritual life of the Rev. Evan R. Harries, of St. James students is of first concern and in Presbyterian Church; Mr. E. M.

A "SCHOOL OF THE PROPHETS" IN NEW ZEALAND

Blaiklock, M.A.; Dr. William H. The students regularly engage Pettit. Supplemental studies are in active Christian work in Auck- dealt with by occasional lecturers land and the vicinity. Several city who are all loyal to the faith and churches welcome their help in who stand four-square on the great Sunday-school work and as leaders fundamentals. of Bible classes. Open-air evan- All applicants for admission to gelism is carried on in one of the the Institute are required to accept busiest thoroughfares of the city the following statement of faith: and house-to-house visitation helps 1. The Bible as the Word and revela- students gain experience in dealing tion of God, and therefore our only final with a vast variety of human conauthority in matters of faith and conscience. (2 Timothy 3: 16: Psalm 119: ditions and problems. ll.) An Extension Department of- 2. The Deity of our Lord Jesus Christ; fers opportunity to teach, preach that He is very God, by Whom and for Whom all things were created. (John 1: and publish the Word of God be- 1-14; John 14: 9.) yond the confines of the classroom.

3. The virgin birth of our Lord Jesus Bible lectures are given in various Christ; conceived by the Holy Spirit, centres and a Bible Correspondence and therefore God manifest in the flesh.

(Isaiah 7: 14; Matthew 1: 18-25.) Course offers systematic Bible 4. Salvation, by divine sacrifice. "The study to hundreds who might Son of God gave His life a ransom for many; and bore our sins in His own otherwise be without such help.

body on the tree." (John 6: 44-69: 1 The Institute mag a z i n e, The Peter 2: 24.) 5. Our Lord's physical !resurrection Reaper, finds its way into many from the dead, and His bodily presence lands for the promotion of Bible at the right hand of God, as our Priest and Advocate. (Acts 3: 12-26: John 20.) study, the cultivation of spiritual 6. The universality and heinousness of life, and the development of con- sin, and salvation by grace, "not of secrated service. Much Gospel litworks, lest any man should boast": sonship with God attained only by regenera- erature is scattered by students in tion through the Holy Spirit, and faith in their house-to-house visitation and Jesus Christ. (Romans 3: 10-26: Romans 6: 23.) open-air work. It is hoped that soon colportage 7. The personality and Deity of the Holy Spirit, Who came on the Day of work will be established to place Pentecost to indwell believers and to be the administrator in the Church of the good Biblical literature in the Lord Jesus Christ: and to reprove the hands of the people, and that evanworld of sin and of righteousness and of judgment. (Joel 2: 18-32: John 16: 8- gelistic campaigns may enable our own accredited evangelists to go 11; Acts 11: 1-24.) 8, The great commission given by our out to proclaim the unsearchable Lord to His Church to evangelize the world. (Matthew 28: 16-20: Acts 1: 8.) riches of Christ.

9. The second, visible, and imminent The New Zealand Bible Training coming of our Lord and Saviour, Jesus Institute is a centre of Life, hav- ing within its walls those, who, Christ, to establish His world-wide Kingdom on the earth. (Matthew 24: 1; 1 when trained, are able to give to Thess. 4: 13-18.) 10. A heaven of eternal bliss for the every man a reason of the hope righteous and conscious and eternal punishment of the wicked. (2 Corinthians 5: that is in them and sending out for 1-10: Revelation, chapters 20, 21, and active service those who faithfully 22.) declare the truth of God, and with A departure from this position power preach the Word so as to is understood to be tantamount to prove it to be the "saviour of life a withdrawal from the active par- unto life." This work merits the ticipation in the work of the In- prayerful and practical support of stitute. the people of God.

CHRISTIANS LET THE

ALONE?

Editorial Reactions on the Atlantic City Conference H AVE Christians a debt to the Europe saw a new "Promised Jews or should we let them Land." Here they found freedom alone? from the restrictions of the "pale,"

There was a time when many and new opportunities for business who claimed to be Christians and for intellectual advancement.

thought that their logical, if not Few disabilities were attached to their theological, approach to the being a Jew in the new world, and Jew should be with sticks and in many circles they were received stones. In Europe, particularly, on equal terms with Gentile neigh- the Jew was despised and hated, bors. Wealth and power have added being looked upon as the natural to their prestige and thousands heir of all the curses that should have been advanced to positions of fall to the lot of those who cruci- high honor in business, education fied Jesus; their Messiah. But the and politics.

animosity was largely due to the But with separation from old re- fact that everywhere the Jew was ligious associations, and from so- an alien, a stranger in a strange cial restrictions and physical hard- land, with a foreign tongue, with ships, and with larger material peculiar dress and strange beliefs prosperity, multitudes of Jews, in and customs. In many places he their new land of liberty, have be- was segregated within a "pale" or come materialistic and irreligious.

a ghetto and did not mingle socially There are about five million Jews with the Christians. Persecuted, in North America today and not he was compelled to make a living more than one tenth of them are by driving hard bargains and to regular attendants at an orthodox beat Gentile competitors by the Jewish synagogue. Some have be- keenness of his wits. Many became come "Reformed Jews," without money lenders, bankers and mer- faith in the God of the Old Testa- chants and the greed for gold ment or in the coming of a prom- helped to make them cunning and ised Messiah. Others have joined shylockian. As a result the Jew the ranks of Christian or mental was misunderstood, suspected, science, Ethical Culture and other feared and hated by all "Chris- modern cults, while thousands tians"-their neighbors in particu- have become Christians.

lar. Hebrew traditions and training The questions arise, what reli- led them to reject Jesus as their gious duty has the Christian in Messiah and the treatment they re- America toward the Jew, what ceived persuaded them that the re- claim has the Jew upon the Chris- Jigion of Christ bred hatred and tian? The vast majority of the cruelty and contained no good Jews take the position that Chris- news, no revelation of God and no tians have no such duty and that way of life for them. the Jews should only be given a In America, the socially down- fair and equal opportunity to work trodden and persecuted Jews of out their own life and that no at- 516 tempt should be made to convince those who read papers and led dis- them that Christ is their promised cussions were Dr. Samuel M.

Messiah and Saviour. Zwemer of Princeton; Dr. Julius There are also Christians who Richter of Berlin; Bishop Nichol- oppose any right or duty to "prose- son of Detroit; Mr. Basil Mathews, lytize," or to do mission work author of "The Clash of World among the Jews, on the ground Forces" and other volumes; Dr.

that it is presumptuous. These James Black of Edinburgh; Mr.

claim that the only Christian ap- Kenneth Maclennan and Rev. C.

proach to the Jew should be to H. Gill of London; the Rev. Mr.

cultivate good will, to establish Carpenter of Warsaw; Dr. John friendly relations, to cooperate in McDowell of the Presbyterian the search for truth and in service Board of Home Missions; Dr. W.

to mankind. Douglas Mackenzie of Hartford; At Atlantic City, May 12 to 15, Dr. Joseph A. Vance of Detroit; there met a very important confer- Dr. Paul deSchweinitz of the Mo- ence of Christian leaders to con- ravian Church and Dr. Samuel Mc- sider this question of "The Chris- Crea Caverl of the Federal Coun- tian Approach to the Jew"-espe- cil. Dr. John Stuart Conning is cially in North America. It was chairman of the American Section held under the auspices of the In- of the Jewish Department of the ternational Missionary Council and International Missionary Council was ably presided over by Dr. and Dr. Conrad Hoffman, Jr., is John R. Mott. It followed and executive secretary. The Hebrew supplemented the 1928 conferences Christians present included the in Warsaw and Budapest, when the Rev. Max 1. Reich, the Rev. Paul questions considered related to the Morentz, the Rev. Henry Eins- Christian and the Jew in Europe. pruch, the Rev. Morris Zeidman of A carefully prepared program in- Toronto, and others. Gentile mis- cluded papers and open discussions sionaries to Jews also came from on such subjects as: The Validity Los Angeles, Chicago, New York, of a Christian Approach to the Philadelphia and Europe.

Jew; a Survey of American Jews A very valuable and extensive and Missions to Jews; The Jews preliminary survey, made by Mr.

in EUrope and their Relation to Charles H. Fahs of the Missionary America; Jewish and Christian Research Library, revealed the fact Relations; Christian Objectives in that the Jewish population of the a Ministry to the Jews; The Place United States and Canada has in- of the Jew in the Missionary Pro- creased in the past century from gram of the Church; The Local 16,000 (1826) to 4,228,029 (1927).

Church and Its Jewish Neighbors; It has more than doubled in the Jewish Converts; Training Jew- past twenty years. Twenty-five ish Leaders; Literature for Jews; cities in the United States each in- The Christian Message to the Jew, clude over 10,000 Jews in their and Cooperative Work for Jews. population.

The speakers and delegates in- Among these four and a quarter cluded some twenty or thirty He- million Jews in the United States brew Christians, pastors, editors, and 250,000 in Canada, there are beside Protestant laymen and only eleven Christian missions at women and executives. Among work in Canada and sixty-three in

the United States-in less than to them the God of their fathers thirty centers. This leaves over and the Messiah who is the fulfil- 160 centers where from one thou- ment of their highest hopes.

sand to thirty-three thousand Jews 4. The majority of Jews in reside, without any definite organ- America are not attendants at any ized effort to present to them synagogue and are fast drifting Jesus, their Messiah. Undoubt- into materialism, agnosticism and edly between three and four mil- atheism. They need to be brought lion Jews in America are practi- back to faith in God for their own cally untouched by definite Chris- sake and for the sake of their fel- tian evangelism. low men. All sinners need salvation.

5. The Jews are a virile race WHY GIVE THE GOSPEL TO JEWS? with remarkable intelligence, en- The purpose of the Atlantic City ergy and ability for leadership.

Conference was to discover the Many evil influences are at work true aim and objectives of Chris- tending to mislead them and, if tian witness to the Jewish people successful, will make them a men- of America and to consider how ace to society. It is a great oppor- this goal may be reached most ef- tunity and responsibility for Chris- fectively. That the Christian has tians to share with them all the a duty to the Jew is obvious on truth they have and to surround several grounds: them with the best, the most God- 1. Past persecution and antag- like influence. What a difference onism has misrepresented Christ it would have made if Karl Marx, and His Spirit and purpose so that Leon Trotsky and the leaders in Jews have been alienated from Russian atheistic communism had Him and from those who bear His been successfully brought under name. Christians owe it to them truly Christian influence.

to make up for past ill-treatment 6. The results of Christian work and misrepresentation and to make for Jews are an unanswerable ar- Jesus known in His true character, gument in its favor. While there mission and power. have been unworthy men and 2. Christians owe an inestima- women who have claimed to be- ble debt to the Jews for the Old come Christians, there are hun- Testament Scriptures and as the dreds of thousands who have found race through whom Christ came in Christ the fulfilment of their to reveal God and His way of life hopes and the answer to their for mankind. Jews were the first highest need. J. F. de Ie Roi, the missionaries of Christ to Gentiles. reliable historian, reports that 3. Christianity is not, in reality, 204,500 Jews became Christians in a religion alien to the Jews but is the nineteenth century alone.

the fulfilment of Judaism. Jesus These Hebrew Christians include said, "I came not to destroy but to leading statesmen, lawyers, physi- fulfill." (Mat. 5: 17.) He is pre- cians. scientists, historians, artists sented as the promised Messiah and Christian workers-men like and the Saviour of the world. Mis- Felix Mendelsohn, Alfred Edes- sion work among the Jews is there- heim, Johann Augustus Wilhelm fore not an effort to make "prose- Neander,Adolph Saphir, Benjamin lytes" or to alienate them from Disraeli, Samuel Schereschewsky, their ancient faith but is to reveal David Baron and others. There

SHALL CHRISTIANS LET THE JEWS ALONE?

are some 3,500 Hebrew Christians Since only fourteen, out of over of good standing in the Presbyte- one hundred, Protestant denomirian Church alone and many of nations in North America now them today are filling Protestant carryon organized work for Jews, pulpits. it is hoped that many more Chris- tian agencies will undertake such 7. God has, through Christ and work in some of the one hundred His Spirit, commissioned His fol- and sixty Jewish centers where lowers to carry His Gospel to none is now conducted. every creature-not excepting the Jews. Christ's disciples were sent THE NEXT STEPS "to the Jews first," and whenever the Christian Church has seemed The recommendations of the to forget her missionary responsi- Conference for making a more efbility, God has aroused her and fective Christian approach to the called forth missionaries to go to Jews in America include the folthe unevangelized. The Jews have lowing: first claim, not second claim, on Christ and His Gospel. The com- 1. Closer cooperation among all mand of Christ has never been evangelical agencies now engaged abrogated. . in this work. This is made possi- ble through the Jewish Depart- How shall the Gospel of Christ ment of the International Missionbe presented to Jews in America? ary Council and with the help of The conference confessed that the the able Executive Secretary, Dr. Spirit of Christ has often been mis- Conrad Hoffman, Jr., who will derepresented and that many wrong vote a large part of his time to methods and motives have been North America. used. Proselytizing was disapproved, if by this is meant an 2. A thorough study of the effort merely to increase the ad- whole situation, the aims, methods herents of one sect at the expense and needs. Preparation for this of another or to win converts in has already been made through the name, without true change of heart survey conducted by Mr. Charles and life. Any effort at bribery, or H. Fahs. subterfuge, any appeal to fear or to unworthy selfish motives, was 3. A careful study of the Chrisalso discredited. The one aim of tian literature prepared for Jews, Christian work among Jews is to with an elimination of that which make known to them, by word and has lost its effectiveness, a selec-' deed, Jesus as the true revelation tion of the best now available, and of God, their promised Messiah preparation of new books, songs and Lord and their personal Re- and leaflets to fill the present need. deemer from sin, its power and its penalty. 4. Arrangements for the train- ing of Christian leaders in Jewish Emphasis was put on winning mission work-both Hebrew and men to Christ through friendship, Gentile-so that they may be prethrough the manifestation of a pared to work acceptably among Christlike life, and through per- all classes. sonal witness to His power and the satisfaction found in Him. 5. Special attention to be given to the large number of Jewish stu- dents in American colleges and universities-some of which have 25% or more of this race.

6. The arousing of the Christian in Him their Messiah, their Savchurches, and of Christians every- iour and their Lord. where, to a new sense of obligation for promoting goodwill between Good News and Goodwill to the Jews and Gentiles and the privi- Jews, published in Toronto, says: lege of witnessing to Christ, in the Spirit of Christ, to Jewish neigh- THE BUSINESS OF THE CHRISbors. An effort to awaken denominational age n c i e s and local TIAN CHURCH Is churches to a sense of their respon- Not to Americanize sibility to so present Christ to Not to Canadianize Jews in America that they will see Not to Gentilize Not to Proselytize BUT TO EVANGELIZE THE JEWS.

A NOTABLE HEBREW CHRISTIAN The Story of Sabeti B. Rohold of Haifa SABETI BENJAMIN ROHOLD with Christians. In that beautiful was born at Jerusalem on Feb- spot, the so-called Garden of Geth- ruary 20, 1876, and died in semane, I one evening met two Cairo, Egypt, on February 14, servants of God who began speak- 1931. He was the son of Rabbi ing to me. At the time it seemed Naphthali Rohold, and while still that I had gone into the Garden a young man became a Christian. merely by accident, but now, as one He lived to become a valiant wit- looks back over the past, it can be ness for Christ, and a leader in clearly seen that a loving unseen the Hebrew-Christian movement Hand was guiding me. These two in Palestine and beyond. Christians explained to me from His father and mother found the Scriptures how that Jesus of deep satisfaction in their rabbini- Nazareth is in very deed the prom- cal ancestry and other religious ised Messiah, Israel's greatest associations, and they sought to hope. As they reasoned with me, train their family, of whom Sabeti there was one passage of Scripture was the youngest, in the way of which I could not get over, that Jewish tradition. According to 'The Sceptre shall not depart from custom they looked upon Chris- Judah, nor a lawgiver from be- tianity as a system of idolatry. tween his feet, until Shiloh come; Mr. Rohold himself wrote: and unto Him shall the gathering "Truly my parents loved me very of the people be.'

much, and did all in their power to "With this new light upon the educate me in what they believed Word of God I was given to under- to be right, and their one desire stand that the promises regarding was that I might occupy the seat the Coming One told not only of of my dear father, of which all my His glory and majesty, but also of teachers gave them full hope. Thus His suffering and death (Isa. 53 the early part of my life was spent and Ps. 22). Slowly I began to in study within the home circle. see how great and true Jehovah is, "It was in the year 1893 that I and how that His Divine Word re- had conversation for the first time garding the Messiah has been Iiter-

A NOTABLE HEBREW CHRISTIAN

ally fulfilled in Jesus Christ. I by the presence of Christ, and en- saw my helpless condition, and couraged by kind friends in Eng- realized, as never before, that my land, he kept on his way.

own righteousness was as filthy Not long after his conversion rags. And, oh, what joy came to Mr. Rohold came to England (in me when the gracious promise of 1897) and devoted himself to stud- God was fulfilled, a promise which ies in preparation for a missionary came to me now with such a new career among his own people.

meaning, 'a new heart also will I Mter some time in England, he give you, and a new spirit will I entered the Bible Training Insti- put within you; and I will take tute at Glasgow; and later took up away the stony heart out of your active service, being for ten years flesh, and I will give you a heart of Superintendent of the Bonar Me- flesh. And I will put my Spirit morial Mission to the Jews in Glas- within you.' (Ezk. 36: 26, 27). gow. He then went to Canada, at Having, then, accepted Jesus the call of the Presbyterian Church Christ as my own personal Sa- of the Dominion, and there he viour, I began to wish that my founded in Toronto the first He- own loved ones might know Him, brew-Christian Synagogue. He whom to know is life eternal. But was one of two Hebrew-Christian I feared to tell them of my new- delegates to the World Missionary found treasure, and it is impos- Conference at Edinburgh in 1910.

sible for me to describe the unrest From Canada he went to Haifa, and agony of soul that I passed in 1919, and with great energy, he through in consequence." built wisely and well on the foun- In answer to prayer for guid- dation of a small mission begun by ance, Rohold received as from the the late D. C. Joseph. As the years Lord Himself the word given to have passed, friends of the British Abraham of old :-"Get thee out Jews Society have followed with of thy country." (Gen. 12: 1.) It deep interest and sympathy the de- was a hard command to obey, but velopment of plans that have throwing himself upon the prom- meant great things in the vindica- ises of God, he started on a jour- tion of Christian witness in Pales- ney westward, at length arriving tine in times of unexampled sig- in England as a perfect stranger, nificance in the history of the Jew- not knowing the language, and ish people.

having no earthly friend. Rela- The work at Haifa, owed every- tives in Jerusalem urged him to thing under God to Mr. Rohold's return, and his father declared power of organization and admin- that his conduct would "bring istration, his leadership, and his down his grey hairs in sorrow to devotion to the Cause of Christ and the grave." Sustained, however, Israel.

"Now abides Faith"-the faith in God our Father in Heaven; the faith in Jesus Christ our Saviour; the faith in spiritual realities, the faith in life beyond the grave.

"Now abides Hope"-the hope in a brighter, better future; the hope for mankind and for the Church, based on the power and purpose of God.

"Now abides Love"-the love that Christ manifested; the love that serves rather than seeks to be served: the love that sacrifices self in order to save others.

OF THE

"The Nerve of Missions" Father; His knDwledge ''Of the "IDst" and shepherdless conditiDn 'Of men and One often hears that certain beliefs the o.nly way out 'Of that cDndition; and practices "cut the nerve of mis- and His love that led Him to live and siDns." Before making this as·sertiDn labor, to suffer and die for them. it may be well to inquire "What is the nerve of missiDns?" What is the vital The "nerve 'Of missions" in the case impulse, the controlling pDwer that of the Apostle Paul was the "love of stimulates and keeps alive Christian Christ"; it had its roots in faith in missionary activity? God and in His provision for the res- The great aim of missions is to cue of man from sin and its conse- win men tD GDd and His Way of Life quences. LDyalty to Christ moved the thrDugh Jesus Christ and Hi.s Gos- ApDstle to 'Obedience tD the Great pel. A necessary part of this prDgram CommissiDn; his personal experience is careful instruction in Christ's ideals made him a debtDr tD share his treasand program so as tD win men's sym- ure with 'Others; the sense of men's pathetic and intelligent cooperation dire need and the tove of Christ in in carrying 'Out all the implications his heart drDve him fDrward on his and consequences of His teachings. mission, regardless of DPPDsition, dis- But is this aim necessary to stimu- cDmfDrt or danger.

late the "nerve 'Of missiDns"? It is Shall we test 'Our motives, 'Our ef- acknowledged that many diverse mD- forts and our program by these stand- tives have led gDDd men and women ards? There are some cDlleges and intD the mission field-a lDve of novel- schools in mission lands, founded as ty and adventure; a desire to serve Christian missiDnary enterpries, that where the general need is greatest; have apparently IDst sight 'Of their the fDrce 'Of a perSDnality that makes main purpose. Their "nerve of mis- the appeal for helpers; a sense of duty sions" has been cut by a desire for or a false idea 'Of the true nature 'Of government subsidies, by an effDrt tD missiDnary work. The same mDtives maintain high S'cholastic standards; may lead one tD give mDney tD mis- by the appeal of numbers; by fear of siDns or tD establish a mi&siDnary in- criticism and to.S8 of influence. A stitution. larger number of missiDn schools and These are nDt the motives t'O which colleges, like the college 'Of Teheran.

Christ appeals. The basis 'On which Persia, and the UniDn Christian Col- He rests the whDle enterprise cDnsists lege 'Of PYe'Ilgyang, Korea, have put of three facts-first, GDd's love fDr aside these temptations and have- kept mankind and His prDvisiDn 'Of salva- alive their great evangelizing purpose.

tiDn thrDugh Jesus Christ; secDnd, There are some mission hDspitals persDnal experience of God and 'Of His where the "nerve 'Of missions" seems saving pDwer; and third, a deep CDn- tD have been cut by putting first victiDn that the supreme need o.f all scientific efficiency; by the effort to.

men is Christ and His Gospel, and a give medical service tD SD many pa- deep desire to. share with them the tients that the missiDn staff has no unique and lifegiving benefits. time for evangelizing, or by fear less The "nerve of missiDns" fDr Christ they be accused 'Of using medicine and himself ·seems to be clearly his great surgery to bribe patients to accept purpose tD carry out the will 'Of the Christian teachings. Many more hDS- 522

TOPICS OF THE TIMES

pitals, like that at Dohnavur, India, to help carry the Good News to every and others, work amid great difficul- creature. ties but, by prayer and testimony, seek first of all to win men and women to Life and power in the "nerve of Christ while ministering to their missions" depend more than anything bodies. else on the vital connection of the Branch with the Vine, the individual True followers of Christ, whether member with the Head, Jesus Christ. in America or in foreign lands, desire to live dynamic lives. They despise College Gospel Teams in Asia lifeless conventionalism. Every Christian who is spiritually alive and walks Student evangelism is growing in with Christ feels spiritual warmth and the mission fields. The idea of college a desire to win others. He knows that Gospel teams began in Burma and ha.s the only hope for true life, with joy spread to Siam, India and Korea. In and power, is in Christ, and so he is some colleges the results have been eager to share his knowledge with remarkable, according to the testimony non Christians. of Dr. E. Stanley Jones, W. E. S. Holland and others. New life has been There is great cause for encourage- awakened, the joy is contagious and ment that in most of the mission new Christian leaders are developed fields there are signs of a new awak- among the students. ening and empha.sis on the need for evangelism. Missionaries and native In Lucknow Christian College In- Christians everywhere are saying that dia, the members of the Gospel team, without evangelism, carried on with on student initiative and without misspiritual power, there will be no prog- sionary direction, spent many hours in res,s. In Egypt, India and other lands conference and prayer and then held special periods of the year are set a communion and consecration service. apart for intensive evangelistic effort. They adopted as their motto: "Serv- In India the Christians have stated as ice," and as the basis of their work: their objectives (1) every Christian "Friendship with God and with praying and witnessing to win non- others." Their ideal is expressed in Christians; (2) special teams visiting "Purity in word, thought, action, heart markets, railway statIons, schools, and character." Anyone who knows shops and homes; (3) public preach- India knows what a great contrast ing, singing and distribution of Chris- there is between these ideals and the tian literature by minister,s and lay teachings and practices of Hinduism workers; (4) Christian me.las and and of Islam. processions to attract public attention; (5) above all-continued public and But the Lucknow Gospel team does private prayer, by individuals and not seem to go far enough. They emgroups, that God will prepare and phasize externals. Among the rules guide the workers and the hearers, adopted for members are: Obedience and will bring home His message with to coIl e g e rules; cleanliness of power for the conversion of many. thought, word and deed; full and hearty cooperation; avoidance of The "nerve of missions" is cut by amusements of which Christ would ignorance, selfi'shness and sin. When not approve; respect for womanhood; the nerve is cut we experience the observance of the "morning watch." effects in a loss of vision of God and of man's supreme need of Him; a loss The pledge taken by members of of hearing that deafens us to the call the Lucknow team is as follows: of God; a loss of sensitiveness to our own hlessings received through Christ, Trusting in God to help me, I promise and indifference to the sufferings and to abide by the principles of the Gospel fate of those out of Christ; and there Team and sincerely endeavor to put into is a loss of motive power to impel us practice its ideals throughout my life. Nothing that I do will be done with a view solely to please people. I will strive to the best of my ability to keep clean

in thought, word and deed; to maintain denominaHonal constituencies to which brotherly love; to treat all women Il;nd girls with respect and honor, and to Wlll- they can appeal for support. They ingly accept punishment for any breach also put especial emphasis on prayer of Gospel Team rules. as the means of securing funds and While the purpose and plan of the workel's and usually have much less promotional machinery than the decollege team is commendable, this -statement as to the ideals and princi- nominational boards. The term "Faith Missions" has not ples of the association are u~fortu­ nately lacking in clear expreSSiOn .of been assumed by these missions themloyalty to Christ, the need of the hfe selves but has been given them by the that He offers or dependence upon Christian public to designate their the Holy Spirit for guidance and pow- policy regarding the financial support of their work. They hold the coner to win others to God. If this is not the basis and the power for the team viction that, through the voluntary of- ferings of His people, and in answer and its members; if it is chiefly a movement to promote personal purity to believing prayer, God will supply the needs of the work which is carand brotherhood, then it has no right ried on in obedience to Christ's comto be called a "Gospel Team" and comes short of being wholly Christian. mission. These societies do not resort to the method of raising money by Vital relation to Christ is a prime re- public appeal, nor do they borrow or quisite and. cannot be taken for go into debt. All in the "Interdenomgranted. If the omission of acknowl- inational Foreign Mission Association" edgment of entire dependence on must have an annual audit and pubIi-sh Christ and the Spirit of God is an an approved financial statement. oversight, then it should be corrected by mature and intelligent Christian – These societies also emphasize evanleadership. The College Gospel teams geJi.sm rather than general education of Burma and Korea have proved their as a method of missionary work; they loyalty to Christ and their spiritual adopt a strict doctrinal creed and acpower to lead others to Him. No less cept the Bible as the inspired Word definitely Christian aim and depend- of God. Living faith in Christ and ence can prove satisfactory. Why can His atonement for sin is accepted as we not have similar Gospel teams go- the only basis of man's ,salvation. ing out from Christian colleges in While some of these missi'Ons have America? not proved successful, their work, as a rule, has been richly blessed and Dependent Independent Mis- their dependence on God for support has proved to be practical. sions* The China Inland Mission, one- of Some of the most effectual evan- the oldest operated on this basis, has gelistic pioneer mission work has been been in existence for over sixty-five started and conducted on undenomi- years, another has operated for seventy national, independent or "faith" lines. years. The total income of fifteen mis- Among theBe societies are the China sions, that report for the last year, Inland Mission, the Africa Inland Mis- reached the sum of $2,029,436. The sion and some twenty others with E)stimated value of their property in headquarters in North America. They the various fields is $1,859,500 and the are not more dependent on God or number of foreign missionaries supmore conducted on "faith" than are ported by them last year was 2,208. many denominational societies, but they are unique in that they have no The Kwato Mission of Papua is onf of the younger undenominational mis- ~oklet giving facts about some of these sions. It includes Christians of many evangelical churches in its fellowship societies has recently been put out by the In- of praying and giving partners. It is terdenominational Foreign Mission Association of North America (11~ Fulton Street, New wholly dependent 'On God for guidance, York).

1981J TOPICS OF THE TIMES

for the supply of every need and for in the republic of Turkey; the Gos- success. Founded by Rev. Chas. W. pel of Mark in Aymara (an Indian Abel, among Cannibals, forty years tribe of Bolivia); the Gospel of Luke ago, a fine, strong, spiritual church has in handwritten Arabic script repro- been built up in Eastern Papua and is duced by photography to disarm the evangelizing the district. prejudice of conservative Moslems The fields where these missions op- against the typeset form of Arabic; erate are -scattered throughout the and the Acts of the Apostles in Chey- world, most of them lying in the in- enne.

terior of the continents of Asia, During the year 4,142 embossed Africa and Latin America. Stress is volumes of Scriptures in Braille and laid upon pioneer work in unevangel- other systems for the blind set a new ized territory. Some of the most dis- record for Bible distribution in this tant missionary outposts in the world form of Scripture. The Bible in whole are occupied by these agencies. or in part has now been translated into 906 languages and dialects.

Is the Bible Out of Date? But to sell or distribute large num- bers of Bibles and Testaments is one During 1930 the American Bible thing and to make sure that these Society distributed 12,035,133 Bibles, Scriptures are read, understood, be- Testaments and P.ortions, the largest lieved and obeyed is another. There in any year in the Society's history. are many unmistakable evidences The translation, publication, and dis- that the Bible is more in demand and tribution last year was in 285 lan- is more widely and thoughtfully read guages. In the United States also the than any other book. It is unfortu- Society reports the largest circulation nately true, however, that the Bible is in its history-four million volumes widely neglected and disregarded by in 135 different languages-more than those who profess to believe in it as a fourfold increase in ten years. the basic source of the Chri,stian re- The Society promoted Scripture dis- ligion. Even in our churches, an in- tribution in thirty-six countries and creasing number of preachers are tak- in addition cooperated with mission- ing their messages from literature, ary societies by making grants of politics, business and social life rather funds and of Scriptures in twelve than from the Bible. In too many European countries. A decline in cir- Sunday-schools less, rather than more, culation abroad below that of 1929 attention is given to Bible teaching occurred in China and Japan but there than formerly and while books about were substantial increases in Siam, in the Bible are increasing, many of them the Philippine Islands, and in the Le- are destructive of faith and fail to vant. G€neral Chang Chih-Kiang for bring out the spiritual teachings.

the third time made a large personal Some schools and colleges are syste- contribution toward the sale and dis- matically undermining faith.

tribution of Bibles in China. In Mex- The result of this neglect and mis- ico there was an increase of twenty- representation is seen in the modern five per cent and the revolution in downward trend in morals. The great Brazil afforded an opportunity for need .of today is not only the wide dis- distribution to soldiers in camps and tribution of the Christian Scriptures , hospitals. but a more earnest and effective move- The year 1930 witnessed publication ment on the part of preachers, teach- ~ for the first time of the following ers, colporteurs, missionaries and par- Scriptures: The Gospel of John in ents to increase interest in Bible Mam (an Indian tribe in Central reading, clearer understanding of its America); the Gospel of Matthew in meaning, more observance of its teach- Turkish in a new version and in Ro- ings and greater devotion to the Christ man characters now required by law who is the central theme. Edited BY MRS. F. I. JOHNSON, 150 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW YORK A MISSIONARY CANDLE LIGHTING When the first girl, representing SERVICE-Adapted October, comes down the aisle, a con- (This admits of changes to suit local cealed choir, accompanied by the or- conditions.) ganist or pianist, sings softly two verses of "Bringing in the Sheaves." Instructions: As audience arrives, The music for the rest of the months give each one a candle inserted in a is indicated below. These are only round piece of pasteboard to catch suggestions and other music may be drippings, and a copy of the hymn substituted. Start early to find your "The Light -of the World Is Jesus," hymns, for you may have to look also the following word of explanation: through many old hymnals to find This Candle Lighting Service is one some of them. "The Light of the in which we will all take part. The World Is Jesus," the first line of which large lighted candle represents Christ, is "The whole world was lost in the the Light of 'the World. It is placed darkness of sin"; is published in upon the Bible, the foundation of our "The Methodist Sun day S c h 0 0 I church. Twelve girls, representing the Hymnal." twelve unsullied months of the year, will state briefly some of the objectives of the Let October speak, lighting her Woman's Foreign Society and tell how candle as she does so, then step' to the the year may be kept pure for Christ right of the table. November should and the Church. They light their candles go to the left, December to the right, from this symbolic light of Christ and etc., until the 12 girls make a semi- carry that light to the persons sitting circle facing the audience. in the ends of each row. Those having lighted their small candles from the light After the last girl has spoken the which comes from Christ pass it on to girls go out into the audience, light- -the persons next to them and they on to ing the candles of the persons nearest others until every candle in the room is the aisles. Plan carefully for this part lighted. of the program so that each girl knows exactly where she is to go, and how Then will be sung the hymn, "The the girls are to assemble at the rear Light of the World is Jesus," during that they may come back to the front which time the audience remains seated. again in order and dignity. Each girl Each time the phrase "The Light of the must see that the candle she lights World is Jesus" is sung, everyone is lights the candle beyond, and so on. asked to raise their candle high, lowering it at the end of the phrase. When the semicircle is formed again at the front and all the candles Please keep your candle lighted, and in the room are lighted, then shall be when the choir begins singing the second sung, "The Light of the World Is verse of the hymn, "The Way of the Cross Leads Home," the audience will silently leave the room carrying the lighted candles out into the night.

Setting Jesus." As the phrase "The Light of the World is Jesus" is sung, let the Place a table in the center of the girls lead off in raising the candles room with a rich velvet covering on high, and the audience follows the it. Upon the table place a large Bible, example. The candles are lowered and on the Bible your candle stick, in simultaneously at the end of the which is a tall taper. Have in the phrase.

room no other light than this one At the conclusion of the last verse taper. of this hymn, the cross is formed.

526

METHODS FOR WORKERS

This must be carefully wDrked out and Order for Verses rehearsed beforehand for the success of the service depends upDn the im- 12 pressiveness of this part. The removal 11 of the table and the assembling of 10 necessary equipment must be done 8 65 79 quietly and without any confusiDn. Do 4 not extinguish the candle representing 3 Christ although it may be moved SD 2 that it does not interfere with the 1 cross formation. The first girl sits Verses: crosslegged on the flo.or, the second kneels behind her just as close as 1. "I am the Light of the World." possible, the third kneels on a stoDI, 2. "He that followeth me shall not and the fourth probably stands. See that each girl's chin comes just above walk in darkness but shall have the head of the one in front of her. the light of life." Numbers 5 to 9 form the arms of the 3. "In him was life, and the life cross; and 10, 11 and 12 the top. was the Light of men." The boxes and finally the table on 4. "That was the true light which which the girls stand may be carefully lighteth every man coming into concealed by' a white covering. These the world." sketchy directions will enable you to 5. "He that doeth the truth cometh use your own ingenuity in so arrang- to the light." ing the girls that their hands form a 6. "They that sat in darkness have perfect cross. seen a great light, on them hath the light shined." Each girl holds directly under her 7. "The Lord shall be to thee an chin a flash light which has been everlasting light." covered with thin white paper twisted 8. "Come, let us walk in the light of to a point at the top. When all the the Lord." girls are in place the first girl turns 9. "While ye have the light, believe on her light and repeats verse No. 1. in the light." When she has finished she leaves her 10. "Ye are the Light of the world." light on, and No.2 turns on her light 11. "Let YDur light so shine before and repeats verse N,o. 2, and that men that they may see your good process goes on till all the lights are works." on and all the girls have given a verse 12. "God forbid that I should glory of Scripture about light. save in the Cross of our Lord Jesus Christ." The beauty of the lighted human cross is in the absolute motionless- The Messages of the Months ness of the girls until the audience has left the room. The whole effect may be October-Music, "Bringing in the ruined by the turning of a hand or Sheaves." the tilting of a flash light. October is the month in which the After the last girl has spoken, "In Woman's Foreign Missionary Society the Cross of Christ I Glory." might be starts her year. How fitting it is at sung as a solo by someone not visible this harvest season when we are bringto the audience. This may be followed ing in the sheaves and enjoying the by the choir singing, "The Way of the fruits .of our labors, that we rededicate Cross Leads Home" as the audience ourselves anew with a forward look departs. to the year ahead. Because of the joy we have found in sharing our religion Costumes: White robes and Gre- with the less fortunate women of cian headbands of white ribbon. other nations, we crave for others this opportunity for rendering service and so we seek at this time new members

for our Society. I light my candle to- candles tonight for I represent night in recognition of the 600,000 Stewardship-the stewardship 'Of members wha are working tagether to Prayer, 'Of Personality, and of Possend the Gospel to the 'One billiDn non- sessions. Let us give generously 'Of Christian WDmen in 'Other lands. 'Our time, our talents, and 'Our mDney.

November-Music, "Come Ye Thank- February-Music, "America."

ful Peaple, Come." I (lome representing the shartest When November CDmes and the and yet in SDme respects the greatest crDps are gathered in, we WhD are the mDnth 'Of the year for Americans. pilgrims' children will CDme in the FDr this is the month wherein we celespirit of Thanksgiving tD the House brate the birthdays 'Of the great 'Of the Lord bringing with us 'Our Father of our CDuntry, George Washsmall share tD add to that 'Of 'Others. ington, and the name 'Of the SaviDur What a glad Thanksgiving it will be if of the UniDn, Abraham LinC'Oln. That the two and 'One-half milliDn dollars 'Of their names and fame may nDt perish last year's gifts and the added dues of from the earth I this night light my new members bring us tD a three mil- candle at the altar from whence they lion dDllar goal. May GDd's blessing received their inspiratiDn and light. rest upon us in those wDrds as I light As lDng as America keeps this light my candle-"Well dDne gDod and faith- shining befDre men, SD lDng will she ful servant.". be the leader of men and 'Of natiDns December-Music, "Joy to the World." toward that fair city whDse founda- tions are laid in righteousness and When bleak December comes with equity, whDse builder and maker is its shortened days and IDng evenings God. As we pay tribute to the past let us sit by the fireside and in the may we lDDk fDrward tD 'Our church glDW 'Of the lamplight read frDm the ·of tomDrrDw whose leade.rship will pages 'Of 'Our missionary paper the CDme from our college halls. That the graphic descriptions and effective in- student wDrld may better know Him terpretatiDns of our great missionary who is the SDurce of all life, may we cause. The infDrmation and inspira- each aim to touch the life of SDme coltion will stimulate our Christmas mis- lege student with a message 'Of our sionary offering. No library table is WDrk. cDmplete withDUt this magazine. Dur- ing this mDnth we celebrate the birth March-Music, "Faith of Our Fa- of Him who is the Light of Life, the ther'S."

Giver 'Of every gDDd and perfect gift. March is a holy month in the Chris- Let not the activity 'Of the Christmas tian calendar. It is the time f.or re- seaSDn dim 'Our vision 'Of Christ and membering the passiDn and sacrifice His Love. His words "Peace 'On earth, 'Of 'Our LDrd. And SD in this month gODd will toward men" challenge us, some 'Of the di·sciples. of the Kingdom as we light the Christmas candle, ever were inspired to found a great society to look 'Outward toward men and up- fDr the uplifting 'Of the womanhoDd 'Of ward tDward GDd. the wDrld. I light my candle in CDm- January-Music, "Another Year memDratiDn 'Of Founder's Day of the Dawning." Woman's Foreign Missionary Society honoring thDse nDble women who near- I am the month 'Of new resDives and ly sixty years agD caught the vision fresh beginnings. In the 'Old pagan frDm the light of Christ's CDuntenance. mythDlDgy men spDke of me as the doorkeeper of heaven. Yet this I know, Aprilr–Music, "Rejoice Ye Pure in that unless men light the torch of Heart."

their hDpeS at the Source 'Of all true April's resurrection Scene recalls tD light, all their resDlving will but lead us the JDYDUS fact 'Of this strDng fDun- tD utter darkness. SD I light three datiDn of 'Our faith. In this mDnth we

METHODS FOR WORKERS

sing the songs of triumph which pro- undimmed to a little child who in turn claim that our Christ is an ever-living will prove a Light Bearer for the Saviour. We also rejoice because so Saviour. many answered that command, "Go ye into all the world and preach the Gos- July-Music, "0 Beautiful for Spapel to every creature." That our seven cious Skies." hundred missionaries may know how gratefully we appreciate the sacrifices To all Americans July is the nourthat they are making, we give a joyous ishing month of patriotism. We glory and liberal Thank Offering at this in the fact that we are a free nation. time to further carryon the great But let us beware lest our patriotism work of building the Kingdom of G.od degenerate into a narrow provincialin other lands. I light this candle ism. It is easier for a nation to be with a prayer that Stewardship of selfl·sh than for that nation to be spirit- Giving may soon send light into all ual. I would have the good of America dark places. crowned with brotherhood from sea to shining sea. Those.of us who have May-Music, "Let the Lowe.r Lights been privileged to enjoy mountain-top Be Burning." experiences appreciate the importance of setting aside a week in this busy In the ancient time, so the Hebrew month each year to learn more about story runs, God ,created the heavens other nations with whom we hope to and the earth and all that is therein. share our Christ. America the beauti- On completing His great task, He ful will remain America the glorious looked abroad and declared that it was only as she lets the light of the Lord very good. It is appropriate in this shine upon the Stars and Stripes. That month when nature is creating beauty this light shall not fail throughout the everywhere that we honor the mothers coming year, I take my light from of mankind. Let us pause in our mis- Him who is the Lord of lords and sionary effort and combine our pro- King of kings. grams with those of our daughters who march as the Standard Bearers of August-Music, "0 Day of Rest and the King. Tonight I light my candle Gladness." for the mothers and daughters who walk side by side, a common purpose I corne calling the sons of men from in their goals, that of making Christ the fields of toil to the temple .of the live in the hearts and lives of men. open-air, where God dwelleth in the wide open spaces. For truly to those June-Music, "Shepherd of Tender whose light of life is lit at the light of Youth." Chri,st, the heavens declare the glory of God and the firmament showeth his June is the month of roses and of handiwork. Yet in the month of homemaking, for love and beauty ever August many who g·o on vacation leave should be mates. Yet roses can wither the path of rectitude, for they see and love can die and the light of June naught of the God who paints the wayturn to the darkness of doom. Not so, side lily and the sunset heavens. Thus however, will it be for those who have the light which they have is but darkthe light of the world upon the altar ness still. So when to the temple hills of their homes. you go, add the light of Christ to the light of day, and joy that is rich and In this month we will plant a garden free shall be yours, for you will have with love and hope, and in it we will him for company in whose hand are put little children. Christ said, "Suf- pleasures f.or evermore. fer the little children to come unto me fur of such is the Kingdom of September-Music, "Be Strong." Heaven." During this month the great com- And so I light my candle tonight pany of missionary giVers open their with a prayer that I may pass it on 4

mite boxes and lay their treasures at to' start with. A picture of Miss Wa- the feet of the Master. The thousands kuyama, the first Christian kinder- of dollars these little boxes reveal each garten teacher in Japan, and a story year are a testimony to the loving of what she has done with the little loyalty of countless sacrificial givers. ones of her land will touch the heart In this month when we honor the of any mother. Such pictures may be men of toil and ascribe dignity to labor used on place cards, or in Bible class room, or anywhere adult eyes will let us reconsecrate ourselves 00 the rest. work of the Lord in loving service and Touch with the Home increase our gifts in gratitude to Him who has provided so abundantly for Most of us realize that home attius. With this pledge I light my candle. tudes have more effect upon a child As we close this missionary cycle may than anything the leader of an organiwe renew and strengthen our work on zation may teach. Keeping in touch with the home and changing the every line. mother's atttitude is most important REAOHING ADULTS THROUGH if the child is to be kept interested in POSTERS missionary work. Be sure that the in- Very often our posters, however ef- vitations and greeting cards sent to fective, fail to reach those for whom his home are of the kind that will they are intended because of the place influence the parents. Missionary in which they' are posted. If your birthday cards with a real missionary church has a nursery, or mother's rest message mailed to each child on his birthday will naturally reach the room, be sure to post effective placards mother's eye. on its walls. To reach the fathers, use the men's club room and the men's The songa that he carries home Bible classroom for your posters. must not ,only be missionary in spirit but must also be accurately memorized Suggestions for Posters so that the mother listening to the If your Junior Missionary organi- words may unconsciously receive a zation includes cradle roll age groups a missionary message.

poster with the words- The handwork which he carries FROM MOTHER'S ARMS TO (name of home must also bear testimony to the organization) spirit of missions.

Use an attractive picture of a baby Most important of all is the prayer to catch a mother's eye. life of the child. Many a parent has been led to take an interest in people Pictures of boys of athletic age will of a different race through the earnest interest a father. These words with prayers which the child pours out an attractive picture may be used: nightly for his friends across the sea.

EVERY WEEK Is BoYS' WEEK IN (name The stories which he will undoubtedly of organization) tell at home also have an immeasura- A flight of stairs leading to an open bly .stl'ong effect upon the parents.

church door into which children are Stories entering with the words: Presentation by the teacher of mis- STEPS TO EFFICIENT CHURCH sionary stories and books to the child MEMBERSHIP (name of organization) is often a means to the desired end as the parent, or adult in the home, often Use of Pictures reads the story to the child. Selection Sometimes pictures may bring home of these stories is most important.

to parents the need of missionary Every Board, as well as the Mission- training and its importance in the life ary Education Movement in New York of the child. Any good picture of deals in such books and most Boards Christ with the children is effective have catalogues which are easily se-

METHODS FOR WORKERS

cured and which will help in the selec- When in India, I was invited to at- tion of the pr'Oper stories. tend the dedicati'On of a beautiful tem- Missi'Onary story-telling is 'One 'Of ple of Christian worship. The c'Ongrethe m'Ost effective methods f'Or reach- gation, which filled that temple at the ing the adult. The important p'Oint, dedication, was started years ag'O with however, is that the story be told eight believers, saved fr'Om starvation where the disinterested adult will be by famine relief workeJ:1s, and was reached. Telling missi'Onary st'Ories drawn from an outcast community; at missIOnary gatherings is not now, a great host, they were rejoicing en'Ough. Sunday-scho'Ols, Daily Vaca- before the Lord in a fine stone buildti'On Bible Sch'Ools and Week-day Re- ing, worthy 'Of any c'Ongregation in the ligi'Ous Schools are splendid channels United States, and best 'Of all, it was thr'Ough which the missi'Onary story- provided by their own self-denying 'Oftelling may be used for the child. T'O ferings. This is a church of which reach the adult, h'Owever, 'Other places every member dedicates to the Lord a must be bJ:1ought into use. A mission- proporti'On-in most cases, at least a ary-minded adult can use st'Ories ef- tenth of the income, meagre though it fectively in clubs, adult 'Organizati'Ons is in alm'Ost every ca-se. At Medak, in the heart of the most and adult classes 'Of many kinds. The populous Moslem state of all India, the -stories must of course be selected t'O D'Ominion of the Nizam of Hyderabad, touch the adult heart. St'Ories ab'Out has recently risen a Christian church children, rather than children's stories, which is the wonder of all that part 'Of are necessary for this purpose. the world. Christmas Day a great c'On- THE LEVER THAT LIFTS THE gregation dedicated their h'Ouse 'Of WORLD worship with sacrificial giving and re- joicing like that which made mem'O- By DR. DAVID MCCONAUGHY rable the dedication of the temple of That was a shrewd old Grecian phi- old. The chairman said: l'Osopher who is credited with having "Through ten long years you have made some such remark as this: "Give toiled and saGrificed that you might me a place where I can rest a l'Ong rejoice this day. Do you regret the enough lever and I can lift the earth." 50,000 Rupees (equivalent in purchas- What Archimedes vainly dreamed 'Of, ing power to considerably more than Jesus actually set ab'Out bringing to 50,000 d'Ollars) that your l'Oving hearts pass. That place was Calvary; that have 'Offered?"

lever was the Cross, and, assuredly 'Our The people responded: "Victmy t'O Lord is lifting the l'Ost w'Orld back t'O Jesus; may his kingdom c'Ome."

G'Od. And all wh'O w'Ork t'Ogether with White-capped nurses, school boys him t'O lift the IQad 'Of the world's sin, and school girls, rescued famine waifs, are members 'Of his br'Otherhood. "He started the l'Ong processi'On to the that doeth the will 'Of God, the same is front 'Of the church with offerings.

my br'Other." But the world's Saviour Last of all, came an old woman, un- cann'Ot be content with anything less noticed by the others; but the Lord than lifting the whole w'Orld; and it himself, who watched the givers in the takes a wh'Ole gospel to save a whole Temple at Jerusalem, again saw a wid- world. Is it n'Ot because the church 'Ow, as she t'Ottered t'Oward the altar has had but a partial gospel, that she rail and placed her love gift 'Of three has lacked lifting p'Ower? As she re- pice (one cent) on the altar.

c'Overs the full-orbed G'Ospel of Him Such 'Object less'Ons as these are t'O- who not 'Only died, but rose again with kens 'Of the mighty lifting p'Ower 'Of all power and fearlessly applied His Christ who is changing n'Ot only indi- G'Ospel t'O the wh'Ole of life, including viduals but whole congregati'Ons int'O p'Ossessi'Ons as well as pers'Onality, w'Orthy stewards of the manifold grace w'Onderful results inevitably fQllow. 'Of G'Od.

WOMAN'S HOME AND FOREIGN

EDITED BY FLORENCE E. QUINLAN, 105 East 22nd Street, New York Council of Women for Home Missions FLORENCE G. TYLER, 419 Fourth Avenue, New York Federation of Woman's Boards of Foreign Missions of North America PROTESTANT CHURCH WOMEN carried on in cooperation with the UNITE IN SERVICE Missionary Education Movement.

A Statemf'ut by the Presidents of the Fed- Church agencies are not static; eration of Woman's Boards of Foreign Mis- the same broadening of interest that sion,s of North America, Council of Women for has come to women generally has Home Missions and National Council of Feder- touched the women's mLssionary orated Church Women.

Following the Ecumenical Confer- ganizations of the churches, and has ence on Foreign Missions held in New been reflected in the topics forming York City in 1900 there was organized part of the programs. the first woman's interdenominational group, known as the Central Commit- Christian social service, law Dbtee on the United Study of Foreign servance, Christian citizenship, indus- trial, race and international relations Missions, whkh body for thirty year·s and other interests have become vital has published foreign mission study issues, and many women's church orbooks. The fellowship thus developed ganizations are considering them in among church women led in 1915 to addition to the mission work of their the formation of the Federation of own denominations; some societies, Woman's Boards of F'Oreign Missions adding these newer responsibilities to of North America which now has in those already assumed, have become its membership twenty-nine denomi- associatIons or federations. national women's boards of foreign Christian citizenship, however, and missions of the United States and Canada. This body unitedly consid- these other interests are not denomi- national tasks, but common to all ers the whole task of Foreign Mis- Christian women, so it was natural sions, provides Christian literature that, seeking strength in unity, the for mission lands and stimulates in- women's organizations of the IDcal terest in the Women's Union Chris- churches of a community have in a tian Colleges of the Orient. number of places united to form local interdenominational councils or fed- United study of Home Missions was erations, through which Christian begun in 1903 through a committee representative of women's home mis- women might express themselves in sion boards, which led to the organiza- influence and service.

tion in 1908 'Of the Council of Women For years both the Council of Womfor Home Missions, which now has in en for Home Missions and the Federits membership twenty-four denomi- ation of Woman's Hoards of Foreign national boards of the United States Missions had contact with local interand Canada. This body unitedly denominational groups, the earliest of stUdies the efforts put forth for Chris- which were organized as long as tianizing America and furthers the twenty-five or thirty years ago. Un- joint interests of its constituent der the impetus of the Foreign Misbodies through publicity and special sion Jubilee, many more came into social welfare projects, notably work existence. They were generally among Migrants, and Religious Edu- named "Women's Church and Miscation in Government Indian Schools. sionary Union" ; later the name, In recent years the publication of ''Women's Church and Missionary home mission study books has been Federation" was used. As newer 532 groups with more inclusive programs the National Council of Federated increased in number, both the Coun- Church Women met in joint session cil and the Federation gradually en- in March, 1930, and approved the follarged the scope of their activities to lowing recommendations: include these new interdenominational groups and through a Joint Commit- That an Advisory Relationships Comtee on Women's Church and Mission- mittee be appointed; that its duties be ary Federations assisted them in their to study the programs of the three ornew undertakings. By 1928 about ganizations, plan for the approach to the fourteen hundred local interdenomi- local interdenominational groups, pronational groups had been formed. gressively discover the work that can be done together, and make recommenda- In December, 1925, the Council of tions; that the committee consist of Women for Home Missions and the three members of each of the three or- Federation of Woman's Boards of ganizations, one of whom in each case be Foreign Missions cooperated in the the president. first conference of representatives of the interdenominational groups. This Upon the ratification of these recmeeting in Pittsburgh was followed ommendations by the three organizaby annual conferences, the purpose be- tions in separate session, the Ading to stimulate the organization of visory Relationships Committee was other similar groups, and to secure appointed. In formulating a plan of greater effe'ctiveness in service by cooperation, the committee bore in Protestant women through unified mind the following principles: planning of their efforts. (1) That the establishment the world In 1927 the Council of Women for around of a Christian social order in Home Missions and the Federation of which all areas of life shall be brought Woman's Boards of Foreign Missions into harmony with the life and teaching were asked by the local interdenomi- of Jesus Christ is accepted as the ideal national groups to confer as to plans of these three groups working jointly; for harmonizing the efforts of church women more fully. As a result there (2) That a unified program of servwas formed in 1928 the National Com- ice should be prepared which, recognizmission of Protestant Church Wom- ing the difference in type and in the esen, with official representatives there- tablished alignments of these organizaon of the Council, the Federation, and tions should be the suggested plan the local interdenominational groups. through which they, moving toward fur- ther coordinated efforts, would speak At Buffalo in June, 1928, the latter and work unitedly. group formally organized nationally, and at Boston in 1929 adopted the The plan of cooperation as thus far name National Council of Federated outlined is: That in the approach to Church Women. At the end of 1929, the local interdenominational groups the National Commission of Protes- the three .organizations cooperate tant Church Women was dissolved. through the Relationships Committee which shan outline general policies; In fulfillment of the desire of these that the Committees on World Day of three organizations that all matters of Prayer, International Relations, and common interest be studied unitedly, Conferences and Schools of Missions and that by common agreement tasks be made joint committees representabe allocated to one or another of the tive of the three organizati.ons; that bodies, thus preventing confusion and local interdenominational groups be overlapping in the approach to Prot- urged to build well-rounded programs estant church women, the Administra- including local, national and internative Committees of the Council of tional interests; that in the approach Women for Home Missions, the Fed- to the I 0 c a I interdenominational eration of Woman's Boards of For- groups (1) Home Missions and Miseign Missions of North America and sionary Education for Home Missions be recognized as the special respon- sibility of the Council of Women for Home Missions, (2) Foreign Missions and Missionary Education for For-

eign Missions, as the special responsi- Chapman Catt, eight of these national bility of the Federation of Woman's women's organizations joined in call- Boards of Foreign Missions, (3) Spir- ing a Conference on the Cause and itual Life and the Christian Hume, Cure of War, which was held in Wash- Religiou-s Education, Christian Citi- ington, in January, 1925, nine organ- zenship, Legislation and Law Observ- izations participating. Out of this ance, Social Service, Drama and Mo- grew the desire for an annual con- tion Pictures, as the special responsi- ference and for a committee which bility of the National Council of Fed- should plan the program for such erated Church Women; that the af- meetings, and carry out through the filiation fees of local interdenomina- year the recommendations made by tional groups be paid to the National the delegates. Thus the National Council of Federated Church Women; Committee on the Cause and Cure of that the World Day of Prayer offer- War was set up with Mrs. Catt as ings be given to the special objects chairman, the committee being com- designated by the Council of Women posed of the president and chairman for Home Missions and the Federa- of International Relations of each par- tion of Woman's Boards of Foreign ticipating organization. Missions, such gifts being considered as constituting affiliation with those The National Committee has taken organizations. as its general objectives (1) the build- ing of effective peace machinery, (2) These recom'mendations having been the reducti.on of war machinery, and approved by v·ote of the three organ- (3) the obtaining of security against izations, the presidents are authorized war for every nation. In the interest to give them publicity in this joint 'of these objectives the annual conferstatement. ences are held to study some phase of one or all of these questions, to take MRS. ORRIN R. JUDD, President such actions as may be deemed wise, Council of Women for Home Missions. and to initiate a program for study and cooperative action among the MRS. HOWARD WAYNE SMITH, President membel's of the organizations con- Federation of Woman's Boards of For- nected with the committee. The num- eign Missions of North America. ber of organizations (looperating is now eleven, among them the Council MRS. JOHN FERGUSON, PreBident of Women for Home Missions and National Council of Federated Church Federation of Woman's Boards of Women. Foreign Missions of North America.

WORKING TOGETHER FOR PEACE The Sixth Conference on the Cause and Cure of War was held in Wash- By ELINOR K. PURVES ington, January 19-22, 1931.* The program centered around disarma- Miss Purves is chairman of the Committee ment and the building up of peace on International Relations of the Council of machinery, most of the speakel's em- 'Vornen for Home Missions. That committee phasizing the need for effective peace and the similar Committee of the }t'ederation machinery if disarmament is to make of 'Vornan's Boards 01' Foreign MiSSions, of any headway among the nations, The which Mrs, E, H, Silverthorn is chairman, conference reaffirmed its belief that the United States should become a work as a unit, member of the Permanent Court of The National Committee on the tReport of the Sixth COllfer(,llce may be Cause and Cure of War had its in- obtained from the National Committee on the ception in an attempt to secure coop- Cause and Cure of War, 1116 Grand Central erative action among some of the Terminal Bldg., New York City, for $1.00_ A .national women's organizations which pamphlet giving origin, aim and activities of have departments .of international re- the National Committee may also be procured lations through which they are trying for 5c, per copy; $4,00 per 100. to interest their membership in the study of international problems and the promotion of cooperation among the nations of the world for the maintenance. of world peace.

Under the leadership .of Mrs. Carrie

WOMAN'S HOME AND FOREIGN BULLETIN

International Justice, and urged fa- her study not only as a possible con- vorable action by the Senate upon the tribution towards the solution of the three protocols submitted to it by the problem in question but as material President of the United States, De- for information and study for the cember 10, 1930. women of America who, through their Another resolution urged that steps organizations, are connected with the be taken to secure international con- National Committee on the Cause and ference by treaty agreement in time Cure of War, and to whom the reof cri'sis, and to determine the course cipient of the scholarship would be to be taken with a nation violating available as a speaker at program the Kellogg-Briand Pact. The Con- meetings. Definite requirements for ference also recommended to its mem- ,such a scholarship have been drawn bers the study of the agenda for the up and the candidate who has been Disarmament Conference to be held successful in meeting these requirein 1932, and the study and endorse- ments and will go abroad this summent when possible, of measures the mer is Mrs. Rachael Nason, of Conpurpose of which is to abolish military necticut.

training in secondary schools and to The National Committee has pre- make such training elective in col- pared a petition to go to the Dis- leges, universities, and educational armament Conference in 1932, and institutions other than those which through its member organizations are essentially military. hopes to secure over one million sig- The program for the year as adopt- natures. These organizations are not ed by the conference combines edu- primarily peace societies, being orcation and united acHon. It includes ganized for varying purposes and continued work on the World Court representing all kinds of programs, and the Disarmament Conference, and educational, civic, social and religious, suggests study of the League of Na- and reaching down through clubs and tions, a consultative pact, and eco- church societies into practically every nomic problems which cause war. It city and town in the United States.

was decided to build the program for The women of the church are re- the next conference around this last lated to this National Committee theme. through their local church societies The National Gommittee has been which are related to their denominain touch with women's organizations tional mission boards, and through of other countries which are inter- them related to the Council of Women ested in peace and world cooperation, for Home Missions and the Federation and at the conference in January, it ()f Woman's Boards of Foreign Miswas recommended that a committee sions. These bodies have taken active be appointed which should act as a part in the work of the National Com- Contact Committee between the wom- mittee on the Cause and Cure of War en of the United States and the wom- from its beginning. Mrs. D. Everett en of other countries in order that Waid, of the Council of Women for the various groups might be mutually Home Missions was at the time' of informed of significant steps towards her death a vice-president, Mrs. E. H. international understanding which Silverthorn, a former president of the were being taken by any of these Federation of Woman's Boards of groups. Foreign Missions followed her as a An interesting development of the vice-president of the National Com- work of the committee is the decision mittee, and this year one of the vice- to establish a scholarship by means presidents is Mrs. Fred S. Bennett, a of which a young woman shall be sent former president of the Council of abroad to study one of the "sore Women for Home Missions.

spots" of Europe, using the results of The women of the churches will be

asked to sign the petition on disarm- VISITING THE MIGRANT WORK ament, to work for the entrance of the United States into the World For some years the women of the Court, and to cooperate with women churches have been reading and hearin clubs and societies of various kinds ing about the migrants and their in the building up of better world needs and they have responded most understanding and the promotion of generously to appeals made in their world peace, which should be one of behalf. To visit the work has not the aims of all missionary endeavor. occurred to many, perhaps because mission fields are usually very far Participating Organizations away and sometimes difficult to reach. The situation is a bit different in the American Association of University case of the migrant work for the mi- Women. grants are "on our very doorstep" and Council ·of Women for Home Mis- "WE THANK THEE FOR THIS FOOD" sions. many .of the fields where work is be- Federation of Woman',s Boards of ing carried on can be reached by car Foreign Missions of North America. in half a day, sometimes less. Why not plan either this summer or this General Federation of Women's fall to visit the migrant work, have a Clubs. personal contact with the migrants and see what the work means to those National Board of the Young Wom- who are "followin'g the crops"? en's Christian Ass'ociaUons.

National Council of Jewish Women. National Federation of Business and Professional Women's Clubs.2 National League of Women Voters. National Woman's Christian Temperance Union. National W,omen's Oonference of American Ethical Union." National Women's Trade Union League.'

Witbout symbol, called first conference. 1 Participated in first conference. 2.Joined January, 1929 conference. S JoIned Janu ary, 1930 conference.

M-igrant Work Nationality C1"OP Season of M igrant CALIFORNIA Dos Palos •. . .. . . Mexican . …•. . … . Cotton . . …. . …. . . Oct.-Apr. Walnut Grove . . . 14 Nationalities . …. Asparagus …… . . ' April-July Hemet . . .•…… White American . … . Apricots ….. . ….. Aug. 15-0ct. 1 Kingsburg …… Mexican ……. . … Grapes •….. . . . . . . Aug. I5-0ct. 1 Fowler ………. Mexican ……… .. Grapes ………… Aug. I5-0ct. 10 OREGON Hood River …. , .White American ….. Apples …… .. ….. Sept.-Oct. Newberg .. . .. . .. White American … . . Hops ……… . … ' Sept.-Oct.

COLORADO Eaton •• • .•. • .••. Mexican .. . ……. . Sugar beets …….. All year program Brighton ..•..• } Greeley ……• Mexican •………• Sugar beets ……..All year program Hudson …… .

DELAWARE .. . . . …….. Beans, Tomatoes . . .. Aug. 15-Nov. 1 . . ……..•.. Beans, Tomatoes . … JUly 1-0ct. 15 Camden . . ….. . .Polish .. • ….•….. Beans, Tomatoes . … July 1-0ct. 1 Houston …… . .Negro …………. Beans, Tomatoes . … Aug. 1-0ct. 1 Lewes …….. . .Polish Rehoboth …••.•.Polish

Migrant Work N atlonallty Crop Sea.on 01 Migrant MARYLAND Hurlock ……… Negro …………. Tomatoes ………. Aug. 8-Oct.I NEW JERSEY Barnegat ……. Italian …………. Cranberries …. . .. Sept. 1-0ct. 15 Pemberton …… Italian …… . ….. Cranberries …….. Sept. I-Oct. 15 Whitesbog ……Italian …………. Blueberries ……… July I-Aug. 9 Whitesbog …… Italian …………. Cranberries …….. Sept. 1-0ct. 15 NEW YORK Brant ……….. Italian …………. Strawberries, Peas, Beans, Tomatoes .••. June-Sept. 15 For further details write to the National Defence by Kirby Page. Farrar Council of Women for Home Missions, and Rinehart, New York. 1931. $3.00. 105 East 22nd Street, New York, N. Y. Disarmament by Salvador de Madariaga. Coward, McCann, New York. 1929. AS WILLIAM JAMES SAW IT $5.00.

From Weekly New., New York League of Military and Naval Expenditures. Edito- rial Research Reports, Washington. Women Voters. July 25, 1930. To be obtained in li- braries. ..At the time of the Venezuelan incident in 1895, William James in a letter to a Limitation of Air Armaments. Foreign friend, Mrs. Evans, wrote wise words Policy Association Information Servthat fit the present time when reduction ice, 18 E. 41st St., New York. October of navies, disarmament, compulsory arbi- 29, 1930. 25c. tration, are debated in parliaments and where rumors of war and outbreaks in American Diplomacy in the Modern World limited areas continually threaten the by Arthur Bullard. Chapter on disprecarious peace of the world. We take armament. 127 pp. University of Pennthese from an article in the Atlantic sylvania Press, Philadelphia. 1928. Monthly for September, 1929. $1.50.

'~Three days of mob hysteria can at Between War and Peace by Florence any time undo peace habits of a hun- Brewer Boeckel. Chapters on disarmdred years; and the only permanent ament. National Council for Prevensafeguard against irrational explo- tion of War. $1.50. sions of the fighting instinct is absence of armament and of opportunity. The Turn Toward Peace by Florence Since this country has absolutely Brewer Boeckel. Chapter on disarmanothing to fear, nor any other coun- ment. Council of Women for Home try anything to gain from its inva- Missions and Missionary Education sion, it seems to me that the party Movement. $1.00 and 60c. of civilization ought immediately, at any (lost of discredit, to begin to agi- Dtsarmament on the Great Lakes by tate against any increase of either Charles H. Levermore. World Peace army, navy or coast defense. That is Foundation, 40 Mt. Vernon St., Boston. the one form of protection against the 1914. 5c. internal enemy on which we can most rely." New Wars: New Weapons by J. M. Ken- worthy. 160 pp. Elkin, Mathews and DISARMAMENT READING Marrot, 54 Bloomsbury St., W.C., Lon- don. 1930. 38, 6d. Compiled by National Council for Prevention oj War Chemical Warfare-Its POSSibilities and Probabilities by Elvira K. Fradkin. The Issues of the General Disarmament Carnegie Endowment for International Conference by Laura Puffer Morgan. Peace, 405 W. 117th St., New York. In preparation. National Council for 1929. 5c. Prevention of War. 25c. Political Consequences of the World War by Ramsay Muir. Home University Library of Modern Knowledge. 252 pp. Henry Holt and Co., New York. 1931. $1.25.

BEGIN TO PREPARE FOR WORLD DAY OF PRAYER, FEBRUARY 12, 1932

ORlD-WiDE

ISLANDS OF THE SEA the Sumatra Conference seemed to Missions in New Guinea exemplify world brotherhood.

THE Utrecht Mission turned back Reports brought out plainly the dif- the field to the Indian Church. ficulties and problems, and withal the This latter, embodying all of Ambon opportunities of the work in Sumatra. with more than 150,000 Christians, The diversity of conditions and lansaw in this a loud call of God and in guage call for the greatest ingenuity. a short time sent 40 Gurus int() this In reporting on the Asahan d.istrict, distant field. As the matter now Dr. A. H. Prussner described the stands, the Papuans of that region by three-sided struggle of paganism, no means want to be "Key People" Islam and Christianity, each striving (so named from the chief seat of the to surmount the other two. Tlle Catholic Church on the Key Islands) battle for Christianity is far from but wish to be '''Ambon People" (Prot- won. At Palembang the Sundayestants). They are crowding in school of 150 is one-half Malay, showmasses into the Protestant churches ing that Mohammedans are being and ,schools. touched to a degree. An encouraging The Neuendettelsau Mission, which thing is the request for preachers and is working in the former Kaiser Wil- teachers coming from Chinese towns helm Land, is reporting great gains. and villages around Palembang–en- Their work is among the Papuan and oouraging, yet disheartening, because Melanesian tribes. During the last the requests cannot be granted. three years the number of their baptised members has increased by 4,140 AD10ng the Igorots amounting in all to 22,026! In 1929 which is the last year covered by their I N the Protestant Episcopal Mission report, they added 2,646 adults by at Sagada, Luzon, some 8,000 peobaptism and 1,354 children. The work ple have been baptized and more than of the missionaries is progressing 3,500 are communicants. The number under the added difficulties of being is continually growing. It is useless carried on in a gold field. New gold to expect that priests and teachers can is being found oonstantly and that be sent from America to minister brings with it an influx of most un- to all these people. Workers among desirable elements. Besides, there is the Igorots themselves must be so much disease and sickness that the trained to minister to their own peomissionaries are clamoring for med- ple. For many years a school has ical missionaries. been operated in these mountains at Sagada. At first it was difficult to SUD1atra News get Igorot children to recognize the value of an education. Life in the THE third session of the Sumatra open was preferable to being cooped Mission Conference, held in Medan all day long in a classroom, studying last February, was characterized by strange new things in an unfamiliar unusual internationalism. With rep- language. Friends, snaring birds on resentatives from Germany, Sweden, the hills, gathering snails and lizards Holland and America, China and vari- and other juicy edibles in the mounous parts of the Dutch East Indies, tain brooks, were lures that enticed 538 them again and again away from those about their work to the Japanese Govwho were trying to teach them. ernment, but are in no wise hindered in their work. It is perhaps the only Conditions have changed. Brothers example of the kind in all missionary of some of these children have been history and the Japanese Government educated; they are earning unbeliev- has been punctilious in the performable sums of money, some $15, some ance of its assumed obligations. $25 a month. These men have power, influence; they are much more ad- Disciples in the Philippines mired and respected than the boys of old who ran away from the foreigners AT THE annual meeting of the and who now get a scant livelihood by Christian mission the plan was arduous toil in the ricefields, or by adopted, subject to the approval of traveling, almost daily, four, five, the United Christian missionary soeven six miles, to fetch firewood for ciety and the Philippine churches, for cooking their bit of rice and sweet reorganization of the mission with potatoes. So the boys of today, with equal representation of Filipinos and the encouragement of their fathers, missionaries on the advisory board. are seeking an education which will The plan provides for the creation of enable them to live a better and more a delegate national convention of the useful life; they walk-and the girls, Churches .of Christ in the Philippines too-for three days over almost im- as soon as travel and economic condipassable trails, across raging torrents, tions make it possible. Another act through territory their fathers would was the adoption of a definite schedule not have dared penetrate because of for the Filipinization of the evangelthe hostility of the occupants, and this istic work in the area around Manila. on the bare chance of being admitted The missionary who serves in this to an already overcrowded school. The work is, within four years, to be withobject of the school is to train boys drawn altogether and placed in other and girls who will do the Church's work. A Filipino secretary will carry work in these mountains. They have on in the place of the mis,sionary. The shown an ability we did not dream third act of interest was the creation they possessed, until now we feel sure of a department of social welfare, to our hopes for the impossible can be supplement the usual fields of misrealized.-The Living Church. sionary work known as medical, edu- cational, and evangelistic. This de- A Remarkable Mission partment will deal with the problems incident upon Filipino emigration to AFTER the War the Marshall Is- Hawaii and America. lands, which had belonged to Germany, were made mandatory to In American Islands Japan by the League of Nations. One stipulation was made, to the effect NOW and again we are reminded that the inhabitants should continue that others beside those in North to receive training by Protestant mis- America live under the Stars and .sionaries. Japan consented and sent Stripes. It has recently been profour Japanese Protestant mission- posed to give American citizenship to aries, to which since then it added the natives of Tutuila, in the Samoan two more. The Japanese Government group. Most Samoans can read and pays the salaries of these mission- write, and all are Christian. Since aries, supplies each one with a dwell- they own their land and foreigners ing, grants child aid and contributes are not permitted to buy it, they are a quota to medical expenses. The increasing in number. government also pays transportation to and from the field and grants a The Philippines have a native popfurlough every three years. The mis- ulation of ten million. Most true sionaries are required to send reports Filipino·s are Christians, (two-thirds

being Roman Catholic), while the in America they claim many converts, Moros are Mohammedan. especially. among the colored people. From Chicago headquarters is edited Guam, an island of only 210 square a monthly called The Moslem Sunrise. miles, about 1,500 miles from Manila, has a variety of mixed races with the Chinese Conduct Missions Malay strain predominating.

T In addition to these groups and HE Chinese Church of ChrIst, Chi- cago, the only Chinese Christian Hawaii, the United States has two other possessions in the Pacific, Wake Church in the Central States, conducts Island, between Hawaii and Hong- seven missions for the purpose of con- kong (about one square mile in area) verting Chinese to Christianity and and the Midway Islands, 1,200 miles teaching them the English language.

northwest of Hawaii. Wake Island is This work was organized 15 years ago uninhabited and there are about and is interdenominational in scope.

thirty-five persons living on the Mid- Funds to aid it are being secured way Islands. through the selling of Chinese dinners Puerto Ricans are American citi- and the sale of Oriental fancy goods.

zens, as are natives of the Virgin Ravages of the Automobile Islands. THE public seems to be indifferent about the enormous slaughter NORTH AMERICA caused by the automobile, yet were a pestilence to breed such destruction Searching Facts of life the land would be in a panic. Statistics compiled by the Metropoli- WHAT the Home Missions Council tan Life Insurance Company show calls "the unescapable challenge that the machine has been responsible of the unmet religious needs of the for 282,000 killings in the last fifteen nation" is that there are in America years, of which 1930 contributed 32,- today: 500 while the injured totaled 960,000. Pedestrians were slain to the number Ten thousand communities without a of 14,034, while 329,712 were injured. church of any kind, Jewish, Roman In the matter of collisions with other Catholic or Protestant; vehicles there were 373,889 smashes resulting in 6,712 deaths and 473,953 Thirty thousand communities with- mJuries. Fixed objects were hit to out a resident pastor; the number of 41,454, with 3,586 fa- talities. Out of the enormous total, Thirteen million four hundred thou- 564,630 cases were traced to downsand children under 12 years of age right carelessness, to which 27,235 who are receiving no religious in- deaths and 643,795 injuries were struction of any kind; More than one-half of the total Arne ric a n population unconnected with any institution representing organized religion.

Moslems in America credited. This horrible record does not seem to excite the slightest emo- 'l'HE Ahmadiyya sect was founded tion. Add to this the incidental ex- .1 by Hazrat Ahmad, who claimed to travagances and we need not look be the Messiah. He was born in 1836 further for the cause of many of our and died in 1908. He was succeeded social and economic evils. – The by Hazrat Morza Bashirud-Din Mah- Churchman.

mud Ahmad. This sect claims to represent true Islam and has estab- Japanese Institute, Ne…. York T lished mi,ssions in London, Chicago, HE Japanese Christian Institute is known among the Japanese from Pittsburgh, Cincinnati, Indianapolis, Palestine, West Africa, Mauritius, coast t'o coast as one place in New Australia, and Malaya. They pro- York where a newcomer will find ad- claim racial and social equality and vice and a friendly welcome. A young

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

Japanese teacher, who lately came to Factor in Social Work," "The Rural America writes: Minister and Social Work," "The Church and Unemployment," "Reli- I was teacher in big school for girls gion and Mental Hygiene," "Spiritual in Japan, and came to America to study Effects and Values of Community conditions of American high schools. Chests," and the "Moral and Educa- When I arrived in San Francisco I was tional Problems Arising from a Genalone. Five days to cross the continent, eral Dissemination of Knowledge of no friends, very poor knowledge of Eng- Birth Control." lish, stranger in strange country! I thought of many different gods of Japan; The Church Conference of Social I had them in my trunk, suitcases, even Work aims to emphasize the spiritual carried one on my person, given me by and social aspects of human needs and my well-wishers for "bon voyage." to range the religious forces more These trinkets of many different gods completely behind social service. The did not ,help a bit. I was lonesome. I objectives of the Church Conference was helpless. I was put on train by a of Social Work include: The develop- Japanese minister with introduction to ment of scientific methods in the sothe Japanese Christian Institute on cial work of the Protestant Churches; Fifty-seventh Street, New York. I was the development of understanding and met by a minister from the Institute when I reached Grand Central Station. cooperation between churches and so- After supper at the Institute I felt I must make confession that I had been cial agencies; the making of religion deeply touched by the way I was treated a greater redemptive force in all social all the way through the unknown coun- life. try. I said, "Mrs. Shimizu, I saw Christ walking the streets of America all the Bible in Southern Night Schools way. I saw Him in conductors, redcaps, among fellow travelers and children too. !DULT Night Schools in North Car- American people were so kind to me. t.. olina, now sponsored by the coun- I am so glad that I am in Christian ty or city Boards of Education, in country and am so happy in Christian Buncombe County around Asheville Institute where Christ is the center of have been going on for some years all activities." with unusually fine results. A few years ago in the foothills of the Great Now I am learning to be real Chris- Smokies we saw a room full of people tian teacher because I found the Great ranging in age from twenty to seventy, Teacher in my heart.-Christian Intelli- all keen to study the four R's (they gence,/,. have four in the South) reading, 'rit- ing, 'rithmetic, and religion, also. Church Conference of Social Work These adults have ambition to learn THE National Conference of Social so that they can read the Bible. Workers and the Church Conference of Social Work, organized by the A man of forty years won a large Federal Council of the Churches met print Testament in the night schools. at Minneapolis, June 14-20. J{)int ses- When people visit him he shows it to sions were arranged to relate the them and says, "That's what night Church program to that of the Nation- school means to me. They gave me al Conference. Pastors and church this and taught me to read it. It workers, were thus brought into co- means more to me than anything in operation with leaders in the field of the world." social work. The women's clubs in various places The spiritual resources of the so- have initiated these schools and after cial worker were discussed by Dr. demonstrating their value and bless- Richard C. Cabot, President of the ing to the community the county National Conference of Social Work; boards have helped to finance them, or J. Prentice Murphy of Philadelphia, taken them over completely.-WiUiam Dr. Worth M. Tippy of New York H. Richie, in The Sunday School and Dr. Graham Taylor of Chicago. Times.

Among the topics considered at the conference were-"The Pastor and Life Adjustment," "The Church as a

An Ideal Summer Resort educational work in central Mexico, SILVER BAY, on Lake George, was for evangelistic and educational work established as a religious confer- in the States of Tabasco, Campeche, ence ground thirty years ago. This Yucatan, and Quintana Roo, the work- beautiful summer resort is now open ers are encouraged to hope that all to Christian people and their families missionary work may one day be enseeking a vacation which combines trusted to the Mexicans.

outdoor sport with round table dis- Protestant Work in Mexico cussions with leaders in world affair,s. For two weeks, August 1st to A RECENT controversy broke out 14th, all the recreational facilities of in the daily press of Mexico City the place may also be enjoyed. over President Hoover's congratula- tory message to the Lutheran Church, Dr. Joseph R. Sizoo, pastor of the in which he referred to Protestant New York Avenue Presbyterian Christianity's substantial contribu- Church, Washington, D. C., Bishop tions to the progress of civilization. Ernest M. Stires and other leaders in The press gave Protestants the opreligion, sociology and economics will portunity to state the facts. speak. Subjects for round table discussions will include "The Romance Evangelical schools, almost without and Tragedy of the Machine Age," exception, are full to overflowing, and "America'l! . Battle-Capitalism vs. there is increasing respect for their Communism," "Law Observance-in work even by Catholic prelates. D. High Places and Low," "Russia- J. Hauser, secretary of Union Sem- China-India," "Christianity and Athe- inary, Mexico City, reports that evanism at Grips," "Saving the World gelical Christianity in Mexico now from Narcotics," "I n tel I e c t u a I enrolls more than 100,000 constituents Riches-and the Needle's Eye" "Mar- and adherents, but its influence is riage and the Home." .stronger than its numerical strength would indicate. Prof. G. Baez Cam- LATIN AMRICA argo, a leader of evangelical forces, c·ontributes to a prominent Mexico Toward Autonom.y in Me;';'co City daily a regular column entitled "The Pulse of the Times," in which he THE first year of independence of gives a Christian interpretation to the Presbytery of the City of Mex- current events. ico ended most satisfactorily. Although the acceptance of full responsi- bility for the evangelistic work in GuateDlala. Industrial College T their field meant a heavy financial ob- HE Industrial College under the Presbyterian Mission in Guatemala ligation, the Presbytery responded by raising over 63,000 pesos ($30,000). City has made especial progress in Total contributions of the National agriculture. The Advance-Rumely Synod amounted to more than 125,000 Company, by way of advertisement, pesos, or $60,000, during the past contributed a tractor which ha,s been year. Complete aut 0 nom y was an additional asset in operating an granted the Presbytery of Mexico City irrigation system, and forces 200 liters in April, 1929, and there has been a of water per minute from the river steady growth of mutual love and to the crops. A German agricultur- esteem between nationals and mission- ist assists with the cattle and field aries. Missionaries who have taken crops.

work under the direction of the Na- The dairy represents the greatest tional Church report that they have financial hope. Sixteen good milk received courteous and considerate cows are fast paying for themselves.

treatment at the hands of their Mex- Milk, butter and cream from the farm ican fellow workers. While the Pres- are in great demand because of their byterian Board is still responsible for superior quality, and they bring the

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

top prices. When the cows are paid Kabyle Moslems emphasize the Gospel for, the dairy will go a long way to- teachings to which Moslems are most ward supporting the college. Special bitterly opposed: Jesus and His death attention is being given to building for man. One group of Moslems up confidence of the business men in come an hour's journey by taxi to this the city. The college is accordingly Paris mission, and the Kabyle taxiallowed from 10 to 25 per cent dis- driver leaves his car in the street to count on most of its purchases. attend the service.

Kabyle converts returning to Mo- In the Panama Canal Zone rocco take the Gospel with them. One BISHOP MORRIS of the Protestant writes: "I have distributed twelve Episcopal Church has given ten hundred and fifty copies of the Gospel years of faithful service in Panama. since I have been here." He has had St. Luke's Cathedral, Ancon, was the several changes of post but carries on first major enterprise which he under- his Christian testimony at each place, took and the Children's Home for the not without danger. There are 110,- care of {Jrphans and homeless children, 000 North Africans in Francehas been a blessing to scores of young Moors, Arabs and Algerian Kabyles.

boys and girls. Along the length of Three Moorish Christians have joined Paris churches, one of them the Canal, the church's work among carrying on an aggressive evangelistic the white residents and the West In- work in his own quarter. A former dian Negroes has been strengthened. EI Azhar University student listens to the Gospel, frequently breaking into Bishop Morris can look back up<Jn exclamations of surprise. Frequently an episcopate characterized by con- French or Italians see Moslems readstructive and successful work, and by ing Scriptures and ask for it themministry in manifold form to individ- selves. Mr. Warren has issued two ual men and women. In the last ten bi-lingual leaflets, "The Story of Two years everything that Bishop Morris Sons" and "The Story of Creation and planned to do, has, with ·one exception, Fall," designed to induce the Kabyles been accomplished. That exception is to read the Scriptures in their own a church for the growing congrega- language. tion of white people at New Cristobal at the Atlantic end of the canal. For several years this congregation has been using Christ Church in the ad- Refu.ge for French Unfortunates T joining city of Colon. Bishop Morris HE Salvation Army in Paris is adding to its previous relief instiis convinced that the church's work in the Zone will be furthered and the tutions in France a City of Refuge best service rendered to both the Ne- in the Quartier de la Gare, Paris.

gro and the white people by having This is for men, women and children.

separate church buildings. He has It will accommodate 500 people with asked for thirty-five thousand dollars beds, and will have restaurants, meet- for this purpose, which item is in- ing rooms, workshops, a clinic, a day cluded in the Advance Work Program." nur8ery, a bureau of information, and -John W. Wood. the like. Affiliated with the Paris Center will be the Floating Refuge EUROPE (150 beds), a Home for Young Men (100 rooms), a People's Foyer at Moslems in France Marseillea (275 beds), a Foyer for MR. THOMAS WARREN, who is Young Men at Nice (50 beds), a Res- working to evangelize the M08- cue Home at Nimes with 25 places. lems in France, tells us in Warld Do- Five million of the ten million francs minion that hymn-singing is a great needed to finance these institutions aid and that the favorite hymns of the have been subscribed.-S. S. Times.

The Spanish ltepublic deplorable, and alien legislation is de- THE Espana Evangelica, the weekly signed to aggravate ,still further an published by Pastor Fliedner of intolerable situation.

the Evangelical Mission in Spain, wel- "In Poland, 3,000,000 Jews are fac- comes the new republic. During the ing economic disaster and many have dictatorship this weekly appeared only committed suicide because of intoler- with the authorization of the censor able conditions.

and often there were blank spaces "In Rumania much has to be done which marked items deleted by the to satisfy even a modest conception ban of this official. Then numbers did of justice so far as the status of the not appear at all and others were pre- Jewish population in the political and vented from being sent to America. ec'Onomic field is c'Oncerned.

With one turn all this has been "In Germany, the Jewish popula- changed and the front page of the tion, numbering 600,000, formerly one Espana Evange.lica now heralds the of the most prosperous branches of new day of religious liberty. Jewry, has become destitute, intimi- "At last we see realized an ideal dated and submerged in bleak despair.

which our fathers dreamed of, but Jew-baiting and Jew-beating are the could not convert into actuality: the order of the day. Synagogues are be- republic proclaimed in Spain [" ing defaced, cemeteries desecrated and The provisional government, in the in the province of Thuringia, a special first meeting' of the cabinet, granted clause has been inserted to the prayers an interesting declaration, setting of school children, supplicating the forth its program and its decision to Divine Power to keep 'Out of the sacred respect the individual conscience in soil of the German Republic the 'alien liberty of faith and worship. The races,' avowedly, Jews.

State reserves the right to require "There is Anti-Semitism in Hun- citizens to make known their religious gary, where 'Jews' have been dis- convictions. missed en masse from productive es- Sweden's Interest in Missions tablishments."-New York Times.

HOUGH a small country, Sweden Signs of Revival in Germany Tcontributed last year $1,322,792 to G foreign missions. These voluntary ERMANY seems ripe for a reli- gious revival, according to Prof.

contributions increased 13 per cent Hugh Mackint'Osh of Edinburgh. He over last year. There are 16 mission- says this is evidenced by three things: ary organizations working in 29 fields, Germany has suffered for past sins including China, Africa and India. and has been humbled so that there Last year 797 missionaries were em- is no self-sufficiency left; ployed abroad.-Watchman Examiner. The rationalistic theology has Anti-Semitism in Europe proved ineffective and the people are turning to a simpler faith in God and ECONOMIC anti-S e mi tis m has His Word; placed millions of Jews in Europe Positive notes of Christian faith on on the brink of disaster and starva- • a sound basis have been sounded forth tion, declares Dr. Joseph Tenenbaum, by German religious leaders.-The chairman of the Executive Committee Record of Christian Work. of the American Jewish Congress.

"This e con 0 m i c anti-Semitism, Serbian Patriarch for Cooperation F rampant in Eastern and Central Eu- OR· the first time since his en- thronement a year ago, the patrirope, is a more destrudive weapon than mere anti-Semitic agitation. arch of the Serbian Church, Barnabas, "Surveys reveal a revival of anti- has made an 'Official statement regard- religious persecution in Russia. In ing his attitude toward interchurch Lithuania, the plight of the Jew is cooperation. Here is a significant

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paragraph from his Easter proclama- in large measure to the influence of tion: "The whole Christian world, Christian education from the West, and especially the Orthodox Church, has made itself felt even in the rigid feels with keen sorrow the unhappy Al Azhar. To the traditional courses division among Christian churches. in Arabic and Moslem law and the- It weakens their efforts at extending Qlogy, courses in modern languages Christianity in the heathen world, and and science are being added. hinders their struggle with atheism, materialism and other unmoral and The Ethiopia Missions perverse views of modern life. The Orthodox Church never ceases tQ pray THE United Presbyterian Mission for the union of all God's churches. to Abyssinia has changed its name The whole Orthodox Church is glad to "The Ethiopia Mission." Abyssinia to collaborate with all other churches is a foreign name for that land, and in a spirit of true good will, in solving among the Arab nations in the past the great problems facing all of Chris- has been a name of reproach. The tianity today, and first of all in the country has always been called great causes of world peace and Ethiopia by its own people. This brotherhood." change of name is a courteous act of the missionaries who are there upon The Balkan Council of the Alliance a friendly mission. The name will for Promoting Friendship Through be a reminder of the Queen Sheba who the Churches met in Belgrad in June. sought out Solomon, of the queen's treasurer who found Christ in the AFRICA desert, and of the promise that some day Ethiopia will stretch forth her Unreached Moors hands unto God.

DUGALD CAMPBELL, who has On May 16, brief messages were spent many years carrying the broadcast to the missionaries in Gospel to various Sudanese tribes, Ethiopia, by Dr. W. B. Anderson, writes: "The only untouched, and as Secretary of the United Presbyterian yet untouchable, part of the Garden of Board, and other officials. There were Allah is the Rio de Oro, inhabited by also personal messages from the famscores of hostile tribes of Moors, who ilies of the missionaries. acknowledge no outside authority, and who have held many Europeans as Nigeria Seeks the Gospel slaves. They are the Almoravides, former cQnquerors of Spain and Port- A LARGE tract of the Niger Delta, ugal highly educated in Islamic lore called Isoko Country, densely and 'laws, and fierce haters of Chris- peopled with heathen, has only retians. I have met some of them, and cently begun to be evangelized. Three found them willing listeners to the C. M. S. clergy and two women mis- Gospel, and ready purchasers of sionaries are in this pestilential re- Arabic Scriptures." gion, battling against witchcraft and fetish worship. A few native teachers AI .Azhar Makes Adjustments from other tribes have volunteered to help. Two C. M. S. missionaries have V ISITORS to Al Azhar, famous lost their lives in these fever-ridden, citadel of Mohammedan orthodoxy tropical swamps. in Cairo, and reputed to be the oldest university in the world, can no longer During the last seven years a great be told that its curriculum has not mass movement has resulted. There changed in a thousand years. are now in the comparatively small area 104 churches, many very large The curriculum of this Moslem seat ones. Two churches alone have over of learning has always been based 2,600 regular adherents, and the total on the Koran. But the revival of in- is about 20,000. At Ozora, at morntellectuallife in the Moslem world, due 5

ing and evening prayers, there is an her bridegroom be abolished, or, made average of 900 attending, and more on nominal. This CongrESS also de- Sundays; Aviara the same, and up to manded that divorce be made more 1,500 on Sundays. Other churches difficult. At present, if a man desires have very large attendances. It is to get rid of his wife, it is a simple often necessary to make a cordon matter and the wife practically has around the missionary's house, to keep nothing to say. This group of women the people back until he has his meals. asks that divorce be granted only in exceptional cases and for weighty rea- South African Leper Institution sons. They request that laws be passed making eighteen the minimum T HE Emjafiyafia Leper Institution age of both parties in marriage. is in many respects a model of They also seek compulsory school atwhat such homes should be. Step by tendance for both boys and girls, and step, the prison system has been aban- the prohibition of the employment of doned, and one approximating native children under fourteen. village life adopted. Patients select headmen from among themselves, and Changing Persia these administer the affairs of the community, trying cases in public in I (ING AMANULLAH'S attempted the old native way. They are respon- reforms in Afghanistan have not sible for the equitable distribution of been without their effect in Persia. rations, and sEie that rules are obeyed. While the movement for the unveiling The patients have gardens to culti- of women, has not made much progvate; own property; work for wages; ress, the cause of women's .education buy and sell; remit money to their is steadily going forward. There are homes; have Post Office Savings Bank seventy-six more girls' schools in accounts and may have quite a sum to Persia today than there were three their credit when discharged as cured. years ago. Persia is the only one There are schools for the children, and of the original Moslem countries Anglican and Wesleyan churches. where Christian converts are to be About half the patients are Christian, found. Communities of these have most of them becoming so after en- sprung up in the last ten years, but trance. Many learn to read, and be- the policy of the Government is to put come local preachers upon their return difficulties in the path of these conhome. verts, and to check their numbers. The lot of the Christian Persian is There is an air of cheerfulness sur- steadily becoming harder. prising to see. Some time ago the patients, entirely on their own initiative, News From Bahrain convened a general meeting and discussed what they should do to in- BAHRAIN Boy's School found it fluence other sufferers from leprosy necessary this year to employ an to come to the Institution. additional teacher, a Palestinian con- vert from Islam. The enrolment WESTERN ASIA reached 76 in 1930, about one-fourth Syrian Wom.en Make Demands being Jews and Christians. Two were Hindus, the rest Mohammedans. As THE Oriental Woman's Congress in the past, English instruction is the which convened recently at Da- drawing card. mascus, Syria, passed resolutions which, if carried through, will make The Girl's School enrolled 107 for striking changes in the status of wom- the year, of which 76 were Moslem. en in that country. It is desired that The school is being operated on $33.00 the purchase price, now paid by the a month. Cordial relations are main- Moslem for his bride, and the dowry tained between these two schools, and which the non-Moslem bride brings to power for good is being generated.

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Medical work has also grown, dis- ings; "I cannDt cDmmand it, but I pensary treatment showing an in- suggest that we dD nDt have questiDns crease 'Of 7,632 cases, with 171 mere tonight, hut that we go quietly home operations in the Men's Hospital and a to think and tD pray 'Over what the corresponding grewth in the Wemen's speaker has said tD us." Hospital. Outcalls have been made in every direction. Indian nurses proved At the students' camp near Delhi so capable that they make many calls there was an undertDne 'Of unrest without a physician.-Neglected Ara- amDng the students, fDr the NatiDnalbia. ist mDvement had struck the Chfi.stian students tD. When decisiDns were INDIA, BURMA, SIAM asked for, the first to r€spond was a leading Nationalist, and one by one Untouchables in Schools the several hundred students tODk a unanimous stand for Christ. T HE Educational Department 'Of the Government of Bombay has issued Dr. Jones reports more skeptiqism a regulation that reads as follDws; than in the previDus twenty years, but he feels it tD be a sign of the slough- The GDvernment of Bombay has laid ing 'Off of dead superstition. down their policy that nD disability should be imllosed on the children 'Of the Cost of Discipleship depressed classes receiving educatiDn in schools conducted by any public author- I N AN outcaste village 'Of South ity. The depressed classes pay tbe same India a heathen festival was tD take rates and taxes as other classes so tbat place. Before the idol grove trenches they should have equal educatiDnal facili- were being dug as all fODd tD be eaten ties. Those WhD object tD the education would have tD be cooked before the 'Of these classes along with their own chil- gods, 'Offered to them, and then be dren are at liberty to make their 'Own ar- taken for the feast. rangements withDut assistance from public funds. Where public schDols are held This ceremony sorely troubled an in temples or sacred buildings or in build- outcaste lad whD recently had been ings hired subject to the condition 'Of the baptized. DDwn tD the mission house exclusion 'Of the depressed classes, efforts he went to talk with the missiDnary. should be made to obtain other accom- "Sir," he said, "Do you think I should modation. There has been some improve- eat fODd that will be 'Offered to idDls ment in recent years, but the policy 'Of tDmorrow?" The missiDnary knew admissiDn 'Of depressed class children has that to ask a boy tD go witheut fODd not been given effect in all places and for a whole day while the rest 'Of the there are many SChODls in which they are family were feasting was not an easy not allowed to sit with the rest of the matter. Turning tD the boy he said, children attending the SChODls. The GDV- "What is Jesus saying to YDU in YDur ernment will not tolerate such a state of heart?" The boy replied, "He says, affairs. They direct that in all publicly 'Don't.' " The missionary answered, managed institutiDns there ShDUld be "If Jesus says in YDur heart, 'DDn't,' equality of treatment between children there is nD use asking me what you 'Of different communities advanced, back- are tD dD." TDgether they asked God ward or depressed. tD give the lad grace to do what Jesus had said tD him in his heart. The Indian Road On the festival day the little band E STANLEY JONES has held 'Of Christians gathered to hDld their • meetings in centers where polit- service among the assembled idol WDr- shippers who were watching the fDDd ical disturbances have been acute. At being CODked before the gDds. The Meerut, the center 'Of the nonCODper- idDls were to the right and the Chrisative movement, the famous CDmmu- tian 'Open-air meeting to the left 'Of nist trial has been in prDgress 'Over a the entrance to the village. The singyear; Nationalists had held nightly meetings with an attendance of frDm 5,000 tD 50,000, yet Dr. JDnes spDke tD a crDwded hall each night. A Hindu lady-a prDminent NatiDnalistsaid at the clD·se of 'One 'Of the meet-

ing of the Christians was well started uplift of the Indian women. I honestly when the lad appeared at the village think that they have done more for womentrance. Would he join his family en's education in this country than the by th~ idols and so be assured of a government itself. At pTesent India has feast, or would he stand with the several other religious bodies doing work Christians and thus forego his food? in the field of women's education, but in The missionary lifted his heart to God the past the Christian missionaries were for ,strength and courage to be given, the only agencies in that field, as is seen and presently the lad turned toward from the history of their institutions the little group of Christians and be- spread throughout the length and breadth fore his heathen relatives took his of India, under the selfless and devoted stand for Christ and against the gods. management of Christian workers-both When the lad returned home, he asked men and women. his heathen father if he might have food that had not been offered to idols. Had it not been for this noble band of But his father drove him from the Christian women teachers, who are the home telling him that if he would not product of the missionary training eat what the family was eating he schools, even this much advancement in could have nothing. the education of the Indian women would not have been possible; even this day in Since this event God has honored every province we find the missionary the faithful witness of the young out- women teachers working hard in a spirit caste. Persecution followed, but to- of love and faith, in out-of-the-way vilday he is one of the finest Christian lages, where the Hindu and Moslem wommen in his village-blessed and hon- en dare not penetTate, Even now they ored of God.-H. MERRIWEATHER, in form the strength of the teaching prothe Ceylon and India General Mission fession. More than the educational and Bulletin. the cultural contribution made by these missionary agencies to the Indian nation, A Hindu Woman's Testimony the noble and self-sacrificing examples of the men and women who, infused with a MRS. MUTHULAKSHMI REDDI, a spirit of love and service for suffering well-known Hindu lady of Ma- humanity and true to the teachings of dras, and a doctor by profession, has their prophet, face obstacles and live been taking an active part in social very often a single lonely life, cannot but reform activities. She was a member have a very beneficial effect upon the and deputy president of the Madras men and women of the country. Legislative Council. Through her untiring efforts a bill was placed on Church Union in South India the statute book of that province prohibiting the dedication of girls to THE union into one South India Hindu temples as deva dasis (servants United Church, with the Wesleyans of the gods), which in actual practice and the Church of England, has promeans prostitution. gressed one step further. This plan was initiated in 1919, was submitted Presiding over the All-India Wom- to the churches and has since been en's Conference at Lahore in January, undergoing a process of adaptation. Dr. Reddi said of the work done by The Joint Committee has now come Christian missionaries for women's to an unanimous agreement on the education in India: main outline of the plan, and is sub- mitting it for approval to the churches I will be failing in my duty if I do not in India, as well as to the affiliated offer a word of tribute to the several mis- churches in England and America. sionary educational organizations who have been the pioneers in every province The general principle of the agree- in the cause of female education. The ment is the recognition of the values woman population of this country has in each of the churches, and an at- been placed under a deep debt of grati- tempt to frame a basis of union which tude to the missionary agencies for their should preserve them all. The final valuable contribution to the educational paragraph of the Foreword is in part as follows: We fully realize that there are differ- ences of belief, of practice and of tradi- tion, but we are fully convinced that the members of the uniting churches will

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bring into the common life and organiza- obtaimng a vision and an evangelistic tion of the United Church whatever of passion and new doors are being value' they have learned in their separate opened on many sides.-C. L. Klein in organizations. "The, News."

Let us do all that in us lies to share Siam Encourages Missions with each other all that God has given us by way of revelation and enlighten- CHRISTIANITY is free to extend ment. itself by every fair means in every place in Siam. In many pieces Good News from Burma. of missionary, educational, medical and welfare work, the highest officials THE whole Shwegyin Field is alive of the government generously coop- with interest about evangelism. erate with gifts and commendation. Here is evidence that a town school can be an evangelizing agency. We King Chulal'Ongkorn, the greatest were assisted by two men from the leader of Siam's renaissance, once seminaries, but the work was done said: "American missionaries have largely by the team. Behind the cam- done more f.or the advancement of my paign was weeks of prayer by three people than any other foreign influprayer groups. ence, and the Siamese rulers today are grateful for the many benefits in- January 23, the Shwegyin Karen troduced to their subjects by Presby- School Gospel Team left town to hold terian missionaries. Modern medicine a campaign at Saw Thet Tah Village. and surgery, education in public This team was made up of twenty health, the segregation and care of member-s including the missionary lepers, of wh'Om there are a large and school band. We walked twelve number, proper obstetrics and care miles in the heat of the day, each per- of children, have been some 'Of the son carrying some luggage. We achievements 'Of Presbyterian misclimbed over two mountains and sions in Siam. waded streams knee-deep no less than five times before we reached our des- The present king of Siam, like his tination. We were happy, because the two predecessors, is a highly enlightlove of God was in our souls and our ened, progressive and benev'Olent ruler. hearts and minds were filled with an It is told that once when visiting anindomitable purpose. other country the king was informed that 'One of his princes was living This time we had no one from out- there. "What does he do?" inquired side to help us but God was with us. the king. "Why, nothing," was the The campaign was the biggest and reply. His majesty rejoined, "Then the best yet conducted by our group. he doesn't bel'Ong to us. We work." As a result two backsliders, one out And so they do, for the welfare and of the church more than twenty years, advancement of their country. – The seven from Christian homes and ilfty- Presbyterian. four from heathen homes came to Christ. One of the fifty-four was a CHINA Karen Buddhist priest. We discovered that the sixty-three came from nine- Banditry Endangers Mission teen villages-some villages as far as twenty miles distant from Saw Thet LONG-CONTINUED '0 r g ani zed Tah. Nearly half the nonChristians banditry in Shaowu, North Fukien in attendance left before four o'clock, Province, where the American Board Sunday afternoon, but of those re- has been at work for nearly fifty years, maining all but about six persons bas endangered the lives of missionclaimed Christ for their Saviour. aries and has done much to prevent their work from being effective. Events seem to point to the beginnings of a revival in Shwegyin. No Dr. Walter Judd, an American phyless than fifty villages are calling for sician, has been the only f'oreign campaigns. The leaders are rapidly

worker in the station for some time, cently bought ground in the vicinity having directed the mission hospital of about 40 modern factories with ap- at Shaowu since 1925. He has now proximately 40,000 workers and will closed the hospital, where for over two put up a simple hut as the beginning years he ministered to the suffering of a social center to work mainly for populace and a stream of wounded the promotion of the workers' health soldiers and bandits. and education. This center will con- Although his life was continuously tain class and reading rooms and a endangered by roving outlaw bands, clinic for handling the common medi- who are intensely anti-foreign, Dr. cal needs.

Judd remained at his post until he was called home for medical treatment. Earnest Christian Students T In 1925 there were eighteen American HE Chinese Chri,stian Student Movement, starting a few years Board missionaries in Shaowu engaged in medical, educational and evangelistic ago with a cooperative staff from the work. Chinese Christians are now in various missions and the Y. M. C. A., charge of the station. has become a fellowship of Christian Dr. Judd once faced a Communist students, men and women, banded in firing squad, from which he escaped, local and provincial groups, with the when a soldier to whom he had given double purpose of sharing their Chris- medical aid stood before him. At tian life and experience with each Shaowu the hospital was looted seven other and with their fellow-students, times by bandits. and of going out into the common life Dr. Judd is a graduate of the Uni- of the people; to bridge the deep and versity of Nebraska and was formerly ancient gulf between scholar and a traveling secretary of the Student worker; and to do what they can to Volunteer Movement in America. find and meet the needs of "the other Shanghai Model Village half." These student groups invite a few advisors, foreign and Chinese, to FOR four years the Shanghai Y. M. meet with them as they plan their C. A. has been conducting a model programs, but the initiative is theirs.

village for workers at Pootung. With In all they undertake, these ·students the cooperation of surrounding fac- show the sincerity of their convictions tories and organizations the associa- and their eagerness to help and benefit tion has built some 24 simple but their fellows, by living out their sanitary houses for rent to the work- Christianity. ers at only $3 Mex. to $4 a month, supplying them also with free water The Chinese Mission to Lepers T and other facilities. The association HE Church at home is hardly aware of her share in China in conducts in the village hall a day school for the workers' children (num- one of our modern miracles, the cure bering 150), and an evening school of leprosy by the use of chaulmoogra for adult workers (of whom 45 at- oil. There are about 1,000,000 lepers tend). Through these educational ef- in China, and this discovery will make forts many workers have improved possible a total, though gradual, eradi- their physical, financial and family cation of this fearful disease. What is conditions. The village is an experi- the share of the Church in this great ment center. From many places in the work?

interio.r of China requests have come The central committee in Shanghai for information and advice regarding is entirely Christian. There are four- the improvement of housing condi- teEn asylums for lepers in China, some tions, and attempts have already been at Hangchow, Foochow. Amoy, Pakoy, made in other cities to copy the work Siaokan, Nanchang. The Nanchang of the Pootung Model Village. Asylum, which is nearly completed, The Shanghai Association has re- is costing the sum of $10,000 Mexican,

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

practically all of it given by Chinese. rural districts to Chri,st, the coopera- It is located in the open country five tive societies by which he hopes to miles out from the city, and in the develop a communal interest among interval .of building, forty lepers are the Christians of Japan, and the labor living in rented quarters, entirely in- group for whom he plans unemploy- adequate. The modern treatment is ment and sick insurance, as well as an used, and the central committee fi- increasing voice in the political and nances the cost of treatment. A economic life of the land? trained nurse, Chinese, is in charge, while a foreign missionary doctor is The Kingdom of God Movement medical attendant. moves 'On and thousands of "decisions" are being made each week. Peasant Equipment for the new building,s to Gospel schools are being established, the amount of $1,000 Mexican was cooperativ(s and other social programs promised at the meeting of the com- are getting under way, church memmittee in Shanghai in November, at- berships are growing, Christ is being tended by Bishop Huntingdon and the preached fr·om shore to shore in the Rev. Mr. Den, chairman of the Fi- empire. nance Committee of the Nanchang Asylum. Japanese Charity The Chinese Mission to Lepers co- THE influence of the Gospel on operates with the London Mission to Japan in teaching charity has re- Lepers and the American Missi'On to sulted in establishing a number of Lepers. This year it begins a five- charitable institutions. W her e as year program which includes the call- formerly there was no organized charing of a National Leper Conference; ity, now all over the country there are organization of a Central Leprosy charity organizations. Many of these Council; enactment of leper laws; institutions are headed by Japanese establishment of at least one leper Christians. There are asylums for h'Ospital in every affected province; the blind, deaf and dumb and the inopening of leper clinics in every large sanj!. There has been a complete refcity; care and training of untainted ormation in these things. The famous children of lepers.~Virginia E. Hunt- orphanage at Wakayama has f'Or years ington, in The Living Church. cared for thousands upon thousands of 'Orphan children. Show me a hos- JAPAN-CHOSEN pital, an orphanage, an asylum for the aged and infirm, and I will tell Kingdom of God Movement you that it was directly due to the influence of the Gospel which the mis- THE Kingdom of God Movement is sionaries preached and taught.~O!tt­ torn with conflicting ideas and look of Missions. purposes, new vs. old, foreign vs. native, unity vs. established churches. A "Dry" Japanese Boat The heterogeneity of the various elements c.omprising it becomes ap- A CCORDING to the Japan Times, a parent. How can the Japanese denom- tl. 2,000 ton freightzr, the Shima inations bec·ome parties to such a Maru, recently docked at Tokyo with movement without claiming for their a gigantic sign "No Drinking" on respective churches as many of the board. It is Japan's first "dry" boat, "kesshinsha" (decisions) as possible? and it is "bone dry." Its captain, How can fundamentalists and m'Od- Jitsutaro Iwata, is the man who is ernists give their best to such an chiefly responsible for starting the evangelistic campaign without intro- Japan Marine Prohibition League. ducing doctrinal considerations? How Four boats out .of twelve which this can Mr. Kagawa be denied the privi- steamship company owns are observlege of organizing the Peasant Gospel ing prohibition, and the League has schools by which he hopes to train some 200 seamen enrolled. On the 2,500 lay evangelists for winning the

above-mentioned ship, the thirty-eight encouragement within these walls. This seamen all practice teetotalism on friendly spirit is prompted by their reshore as well as aboard ship. ligious ideals, and their noble purpose ought never to be lost sight of by you." "Are you really teetotalers always?" they were asked by newspaper men. The English secretary of the Gov- ernor-General, Mr. N. Kondo, said in "Occasional drinking means no pro- part: hibition, doesn't it?" they replied. I am not representing a government "Don't you drink beer sometimes?" official, but a simple friend who always "Beer is an alcoholic drink." prayed for this school, for its develop- "What do you do on Near Year's ment and success. Furthermore, I am a and Bon days?" Christian, and was educated in a Chris· "We do not touch even ceremonial tian college. Therefore, I thoroughly sake." understand how needed true Christian "But you still drink sake at bars and education is at this age of unrest and cafes ?" materialism. When I see this dedication "No, absolutely not." of the chapel and gymnasium' I simply pray and thank God for His grace thus Advances in Korea revealed in the human heart.

T HE Korea Mission of the South- Graduates of this school are found ern Presbyterian Church, despite a all over Korea, and several are now in reduced force and budget, and an in- American colleges and universities creasingly difficult situation, reports preparing for larger usefulness in the past year as one of the most fruit- Korea. Eighty per cent of the stuful it has ever known. Conversions dents in the Korean Theological Semnumbered 1,337. The ten station inary are from this school. Graduates schools and the many country schools, are teaching in Christian schools all all thoroughly Christian in faculty over Korea, in the high schools and and atmosphere, report a year of in Chosen Christian College. They growth and rich spiritual blessing. are preaching in the pulpits, caring Woman's auxiliaries have grown're- for the ,sick in the hospitals. In busimarkably, the native women showing ness and farming they are reflecting real capacity for leadership. All Bible the light.-John Z. Moore. classes and institutes, both for men and for women, report one of the best GENERAL years in their history, with over 500 The Laymen's Investigation of Misin one class. Thousands of better trained Bible students have thus been sions turned back into the church life. Yet there still remain miles of virgin ter- THE Institute of Social and Reliritory, where no one has ever yet gious Research recently undertook named the name of Christ. an investigation of foreign missions. Groups of investigators went to Asia Dedication at Pyengyang to collect data on various problems of missions. This will be reinforced by THE Methodist Church recently the collection of data available in dedicated a new chapel and gym- America. The Institute is now formnasium for the Boys and the Girls ing a commission of twelve to study High Schools in Pyengyang. Viscount all the information thus collected, to Saito, Governor-General of Chosen, study conditions on the principal miswas present and said: sion fields at first-hand, and then are to formulate the final report. The We should not overlook the fact that announcement of the personnel of this the funds coming from America were the commission shows its character. The result of noble sacrifice on the part of report of this commission is being unknown friends, and were sent as tang- eagerly awaited. The question which ible evidence of good will toward you underlies all others in the mind of and all who will receive instruction and thoughtful church members is not as

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

to the worthiness of missian work but organization of their evangelistic work whether, for the situatian as it is and terminating on one year's notice all as it gives pramise 'Of becoming, the aid to places that have received fimissianary enterprise is now being nancial aid for ten years or more, and conducted an the wisest, most effective placing all the other statians on a plan. project basis."

For the Blind of the World A Missionary Museum T T HE Mission ta the Blind in Hea- o FURNISH illustrative material then and Bible Lands is helping for the History of Religions and the blind in twenty-one parts of the 'Of the methods and progress of mis- world. Their aim is to save infants, sianary enterprise, Rev. Dr. S. M.

to rescue blind castaways, to support Zwemer, wha occupies the Chair of blind evangelists and Bible women, to Missions in the Theological Seminary help supply Scriptures to the blind. at Princeton, N. J., has begun to col- The twelfth annual report ,shows en- lect material for a missionary library couraging progress and great need. and museum at Princetan. It is nat In Palestine over 90 per cent of the to be a miscellaneous callection 'Of population is said to be suffering from curios, nor a museum of ethnography eye trauble. In India several blind or missianary relics. The church all evangelists are supparted. Other lands over the world is asked to cooperate where help is given ta these sufferers in this enterprise. The classification include China, Japan, Karea, Burma, will include maps, the idea of God, the Philippines, South America, West communion with the unseen, priest- Africa, and Fiji Islands. hood and saintship in all religions, Evangelism and Self-Support revelation and sacred baoks, public warship and religiaus gatherings, and DR. A. L. WARNSHUIS, of the Far- eschatalogy in non-Christian religions. eign Missians Canference, has lately returned fram a taur of the mis- Goodwill Chests T sian fields where he has studied the HE organization which sent 13,000 dolls to the children of Japan, 30,- problems involved in the develupment of self-support. He started an in- 000 Friendship Bags to Mexican vestigatian in Korea under the Na- schaal children, and 28,000 treasure tional Christian Council and launched chests to the Philippines, has Puerto a thorough study in the Philippines Rico on its mind this year. The 200,- under a committee of the National 000 children on that island are our Christian Council. In China he has own people. The committee has arbeen trying to staJ:t several mave- ranged to provide metal chests in ments that will change the prevailing which to placepractice of the use of maney in aid 'Of Iocal churches. He says: "I have 1. A card (to be filled in) stating how an increasing conviction that the un- many lunches the group that sends the wise use of outside financial aid ra- Treasure Chest is providing for boys sults in the killing off 'Of any evan- and girls in Puerto Rico. Each card gelistic spirit that the churches may should represent at least forty hot have. In Amoy we faund that the lunches ($2). A nickel pays for one churches that have been receiving aid hot meal. for fram ten to sixty years were making practically no progress whatever. 2. Pencils, pens, erasers, colored eray- The 'Only growth was in the places ons, a box of paints, toys, small mirrors, hairpins, sewing kits, soap, tooth brushes, etc. Each chest should, if pos- sible, contain at least thirty different articles. where Chinese pastors were supparted Chests may be had for $1.15 each from by the lacal church. As a result of the committee at 289 Fourth Avenue, .the discussiun in Amoy, the Synod New York City, together with a leaflet adopted a plan for the complete re- giving all nece~sary information.-Chris- tian Advocate.

WORTH

Any books mentioned in these columns will be forwarded by us on receipt of price.-THE REVIEW.

Protestant Cooperation in American Cities. "Evangelism," "Religious Education," By H. Paul Douglass. 514 pp. $3.50 net. Institute of Social and Religious "Social Service,''' "Oooperation by Research, New York. 1931. PrDtestant Women," "Promotion and "Dr. Douglass is at once the historian and the friendly critic of the Publicity." In his own summary of Church Federation Movement. Basing his conclusions upon an exhaus- the ·situatiDn, Dr. DDuglass says: tive study of the origins, history and achievements of the Church Federa- All the machinery of the church vistions in twenty of America's largest ible, as it exists in the American city, cities, he raises questions that are has come to pass according to no general startling and ~ontroversial. Have the plan and no unity of Protestant purpose. Federations come to the parting of What the city presents is a vast spectacle the ways, when they must abandon of churches and allied agencies accithe opportunistic policy of the past dentally founded as to numbers, locaand adopt some basic philosophy of tions and distribution. There is a church cooperation? Does not the plethora of religious institutions….. No ecclesiastical control of the Federa- rational intelligence would plan such retions lag behind the ideals and as- ligious institutions of the city as have pirations of their lay supporters? Is resulted from the crude struggle for surit true that the favorite phrase of vival. To undo the unreason of the past, Federations to express their aims, and now to substitute a system of re- 'What best can be done in common,' ligious organizations in the American has come to mean in practice 'What city, thus becomes a major problem of will not hurt the denominations?'" a generation that is attempting the re- conquest of its civilizaUon and of itself in urban terms through the greatest ex- periment of all times … That the problem belongs to the situation and not merely to Protestant stupidity is evidenced by the complicated internal organization of the Roman Catholic Church in the same cities.

-Foreword. As a part of his technique the au- lt is not an exaggeration to say thor uses various measurements of "the distance feeling" between varhlUs that the study is exhaustive if one groups. One of his basic charts rests means voluminous. Twenty-four chap- upon the survey~d attitudes of 1,780 ters, five appendices, in addition to a Protestant constituents in nine cities. useful index with twenty-nine tables, Even this small and scattered group six appendix tables and fifteen graphic came from the cDnstituents 'Of Church charts constitute the framewDrk of Federations. One wDnders whether the volume. In Part 1, entitled "The sweeping generalizatiDns covering General Report," Dr. Douglass pre- "distance feelings" are justified by SD sents such themes as "DenDmination- relatively small a number of source alism and Religious Partisanship," contacts. "The Church Federation Movement," "Oooperative Activities," "Present Dr. Douglass completes his verdict Limits of Federative Cooperation," upon the Federation mDvement by "Currents and Eddies of Federation sensing as its chief lack, that "it is Thinking." In Part II, entitled "The not profDund enough for the ends Technical Report," the author dis- which it seeks." He feels that it cusses such matters as "The Com- succeeds in accomplishing certain mittee System," "The Paid Staff," practical purpDses by the utilization 554

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'Of naive impulses and "the aVDidance like inexhaustibleness of His life and 'Of majDr difficulties" and nDt because work. Although He lived amDng men either 'Of deep and clear thinking Dr nineteen centuries agG, new accounts 'Of candid and sacrificial leadership. of His brief days 'On earth are still The FederatiDn MDvement, in 'Other appearing year by year in an attempt words, is hDpelessly DPPDrtunistic, at to shed new light on His character the present time. It 'Only dDes what and ministry. Mr. Mathews, whD is practically all the cDDperating fDrces well known for his life ·of "Living- are willing tD have dDne. It is an stone the Pathfinder," and "Paul the 'Open secret that the authDr's desire Dauntless" and 'Other excellent vol- is tD have the enterprise launch 'Out umes, visited Palestine a number 'Of intD the deep. The data he has times to make himself familiar with gathered SD painstakingly affDrd 'One the background of this wonderful life.

scant hGpe that such an excursiDn intD With a critical mind, but a devout the open sea is abDut to be undertaken. Christian spirit, he studied the land, Federations will cDntinue to have an the peDple and the BODk. He alSD interesting but subDrdinate place in gathered many modern sidelights the thinking of American PrDtestant- frDm archeDlogy and Oriental life in ism. It may even lead tD further order to make this a readable and re- wholesome reactiDn from the recDg- liable story of the earthly life of the nized perils and evils 'Of sectarianism. God-man, the SaviDur-LDrd.

On the whDle it will move abDut as Mr. Mathews draws chiefly on the fast as a ·slow moving Protestantism records of the four Evangelists which permits. If it should move much he accepts as authentic in all majDr faster it would become a sporadic matters. They are in fact our 'Only spectacle. "Protestant Cooperation in reliable SDurce of knDwledge of Jesus'

American Cities" is a fair minded earthly life. He omits the "virgin presentatiDn 'Of a situation saturated birth" as recorded in Matthew and with traditionalism and 'Only faintly Luke, but states his belief that St.

tinged with elements 'Of aggressive Luke's narrative 'Of the early years Is -spiritual discovery and achievement. based on infDrmation given to the It is a mirrDr 'Of our PrDtestant be- writer by the Mother 'Of Jesus. He havior when we make polite calls upDn dDes nDt hesitate tD accept, as worthy 'Our denominatiDnal neighbors. One of belief, the miracles, such as the may rub the glass to see whether by feeding 'Of the five thousand, walking some hidden magic, puppets will be- 'On the water, the transfiguratiDn, heal- CDme soldiers and mere interdenomi- ing the sick, cleansing the lepers, cast- national activities will be transformed ing out demons and raising the dead.

intD vital, united Christian passion. He does not attempt to minimize or Now and then gleams 'Of such a trans- explain them on a naturalistic basis formation seem to appear, but they or as due to the common but mistaken are nebulDus and ephemeral. Dr. beliefs of the peDple 'Of His day. The Douglass' volume leads us nDwhere, physical resurrection and appearances gives vivid analyses without cDnclu- of Jesus are also accepted as recDrded sive issues. That is both its strength in the New Testament.

and its weakness; and both are in- We have here a well written, herent in the situatiGn which he SD st "aight fDrward narrative of Jesus' faithfully and intelligently depicts. life on earth, as viewed by a devDut student who accepts Him as personal W.H.F. SaviDur and Lord. It is not a Bible The Life of Jesus. By Basil Mathews. exposition Dr an interpretation of 506 pp. $3.00. Richard R. Smith, Jesus, His teachings and ministry but New York. 19.31. is interesting and helpful and, from a One evidence of the deity of Jesus literary and Christian point 'Of view, is His undying influence and the God- takes its place amDng the best.

The Reform M~"ement in Judaism. David the advocates of the one claiming that Philipson, D.D. 503 pp. $4.50. MAc- millan. New York. Judaism's truth will eventually prevail This is a revised edition of Dr. without active efforts being put forth Philipson's scholarly volume, published in 1907. During the past twenty-four to gain adherents to its doctrines, years much has happened in the field of reform in Judaism, and this volume while others hold that there are at has incorporated much valuable supplemental material and brings the present great opportunities for Judachanges which have taken place in the reform movement up-to-date. ism, and that if the proper steps were In opposition to orthodoxy, which is taken, many who are dissatisfied with largely static, reform Judaism seeks to adapt the fundamental principles of other creeds will eagerly take refuge the ancient faith to the conditions of modern life and thought. It main- within its ranks." That men and tains that God's revelation is progressive, and that Judaism has within women born outside the Jewish faith itself the authority to adapt this revelation to the changing conditions of do become identified with it is evisuccessive ages. Dr. Philipson traces the growth of the reform movement denced by the action of the Central from its inception in Germany early in the nineteenth century to our own Conference which, in 1891, laid down generation, and particularly in the United States. the conditions upon which proselytes The departure of reform Judaism should be received into the Jewish from orthodoxy is seen at very many points. The reform house of worship fold, and which, in 1927, adopted a is named a temple instead of a synagogue; the service is largely in the manual for the instruction of prosevernacular; it brings together the sexes in the family pew, and makes use lytes. J. S. C. of the organ and mixed choir; it rejects the belief in the coming of a per- Waste-Basket Surgery. By Gordon S. Seasonal Messiah, and is opposed to the grave. 174 pp. $1.50. Judson Press. restoration of Israel, as a nation, to Philadelphia. 1930. Palestine. The dispersion of the Jews is regarded as a providential means of Here is an intimate picture of medfulfilling the Jewish mission, rather ical mission work on the Chinese fronthan as a punishment for sin, as taught tiers of civilization. In America where by orthodoxy. The Mosaic and rabbin- comforts and luxuries surround us ical ritual regulations are largely dis- many are unable to realize the condicarded as foreign to the views and tions that exist in lands less favored. habits of modern civilization, and as In this book we see the work of a busy lacking in spiritual value. Reform physician who talks while he works. holds that ethical monotheism and What he sees as he makes his rounds loyalty to the Jewish heritage are the in the hospital wards and busy clinics fundamentals of Judaism. would be depressing were it not for his unfailing humor in the midst ofa dif- The question of whether Judaism ficult situation. We see them moving should seek proselytes is one that has patients about on doors, using a sadreceived much consideration by the dle pony as an ambulance; operating leaders of reform. Dr. Philipson says: on a dirt floor with instruments sal- "There are two well-defined positions, vaged from the waste-basket of an American hospital; there is very in- adequate sterilization; ignorant pa- tients tear open stitches of their own wounds. In spite of these handicaps, poor nursing, and over-crowded con- ditions with little or no assistance, the missionary phy·sician goes cheer- ily on his way, making the best of a difficult situation.

In six short years fear and super- stition were broken down and replaced by love and confidence. Kachins and Shans from two tribes that are sworn enemies, meet together in the wards of this humble institution and each

BOOKS WORTH READING

learn that after all the other is not presentation of His Gospel. He thereso bad. Hindus, Burmese and Chi- f'Ore makes the Church central in any nese; Buddhists and Christians, oc- adequate scheme of village developcupy beds side by side and learn to ment and points the way to the reenjoy each other's fellowship. Such building of rural life in accordance a work of love and mercy cannot be with the Law of God. in vain. The plan of the book is thus de- Ignorant and poorly educated na- scribed: tive girls are being trained to become good nurses and able midwives. Such To describe as briefly as possible those a service is heroic and represents the conditions in rural India which form the type of work that must be done in background of the missionary enterprise; these outlying areas before they can to outline the movement for rural uplift; be opened to modern civilization. to indicate some of the means for strengthening village work in the light These humble beginnings are foun- of the larger Christian purposes; to sugdation ·stones on which schools and gest methods of cooperation of Christian colleges with modern medical insti- and other forces; and to try to show that tutions and complicated public health leadership in the task of erecting an adeorganizations are to be built in the quate rural civilization in India is part future. If American people could pro- of a common world task for the Christian duce more of this sort of men, and Church. had the spirit to back them up with money and prayers, this work might Dr. Butterfield, with ready intuition, be advanced so as to uslrer in the marks the ·significance of the movekingdom of our Lord and Saviour. ment in India, where village uplift means the recovery of a lost ideal, the J.H. W. rebuilding of a broken village unity, and he finds in "reconstruction" the The Christian Mission ill Rural India. By fitting word. He is not unmindful, Kenyon L. Butterfield. Rs. 2. N.C.C. however, of the law of change and he Office, Nelson Square, Nagpur, C.P. sees little likelihood of the Indian vil- lage being refashioned according to This book is a permanent and read- the plan of a golden age; but he knows able record of an important piece of the beauty and value of community work faithfully done. In the grow- life and believes they can be restored. ing literature on rural reconstruction The "rural reconstruction unit," sums it will hold an influential place. The up the Butterfield rural philosophy. accuracy and balance of a state docu- Here is his own definition: ment are here allied to fine human feeling and informed by an unhesitat- A rural reconstruction unit is a group ing Christian view of life. Facts are of contiguous villages, perhaps ten to fifmarshalled by a scientific hand and teen in number, in which as full a proconclusions are drawn by a trained gram as possible of rural reconstruction observer. But the book is more than service shall be made available to all peoa storehouse of well sifted information ple. All agencies for educational, health, and accumulated wisdom, it is a con- economic, and social progress will be fession of faith on the part of a dis- urged to pool their efforts through some ciple who sees in the weather-beaten form of community council, in an at- Indian peasant the divinely appointed tempt to get the people to cooperate in steward of the soil and in every field building a new type of Indian rural coma temple of God. In this approach to munity. The Church must lead in the the rural problem lies the real sig- endeav·or to make the enterprise thornificance of the book. To Dr. Butter- oughly Christian in spirit. field village uplift is more than an attractive form of Christian philan- By serving the two great purposes thropy: it is an inevitable expression of demonstration and inspiration the of· the Spirit of Christ, a living rural reconstruction unit points the way to the building of a truly Chris- tian rural civilization. It is an en- deavor to bring to bear all the uplift- ing influences associated with the

Christian message on the life of the and that this Council should do everycountryside, and thereby opens the ~hing in its power to further such a polgates of the more abundant life to all the people, irrespective of caste, creed ICy.

J. Z. HODGE.* or social position. Among these up- Religion and Civilization in West Africa. lifting influences the primary place must be given to the Church, wherein A Missionary Survey of French Brit- resides the "strong central driving ish, Spanish and Portuguese' We8t force" which the Report of the Royal Africa, with Liberia. By J. J. Cooksey Commission on Agriculture holds to and Alexander McLeish. pp. 277. 58. be essential to the carrying through World Dominion Press. London. 1931. of schemes of village uplift. Allied to the Church must be the school, for The oft quoted words of David Liv- "education is the fundamental meth- ingstone: "The end of the geographod" and the schoolma,ster has a great ical feat is the beginning of the mispart to play in rebuilding rural India. sionary enterprise" could be applied But Church and school must not be to this and the other admirable surleft to fight the good fight alone, the veys prepared by the World Dominion home, the hospital and the cooperative Press. Some earlier volumes in the bank have a contribution of inesti- series have been criticised because of mable value to make. Unrelieved suf- inaccuracies, but this is of high charfering abounds and the hospital is acter, with excellent maps, statistical usually far away, an endeavor must tables, and carefully collected facts. therefore be made to provide a med- The foreword contains a list of names that inspire.g confidence in the reader.

ical and health service, and this the The whole survey covers twenty rural reconstruction unit sets out to colonies in West Africa and impresses do. A sufficiency of Christian homes one with the rapid occupation and the and a network of well-run cooperative stupendous changes that have taken banks together with the resources of place within a few decades. Railways, the rural church, the rural school and good roads, air routes, and better the rural hospital would turn these steamer connections are rapidly trans- debt and disease ridden villages into forming all West Africa. Its wealth "colonies of heaven." of natural resources is being poured Dr. Butterfield's heritage to India into the world markets. Christian is the rural reconstruction unit. It is missions have labored under grave a call to churches and missions to difficulties from the beginning. The enter unitedly and hopefully into a death roll has been great, and the great field of service. Guidance will average period of life service short.

be found in these pages for all who Furloughs are neces-sarily frequent, have a mind to serve rural India and but meanwhile a Christian Commuwe earnestly hope that the book will nity of 313,599 has grown up. The be widely read. Dr. Butterfield has story of the remarkable increase due given us a splendid lead. His plan to the "Prophet" Harris is told here has been endorsed by the National and reference is made to other Afri- Christian Council in these well- can leaders.

weighed words: The account of Liberia does not It is our considered judgment that the mention the recent drastic criticisms creation of Rural Reconstruction Units of the Government as to slavery. The having their roots in the great human in- conclusions at the end of the Survey terests of the Church, the school, home, speak of missionary waste and overthe hospital and the bank, and reaching lapping, because of sectarianism. The out in the spirit of Christ through co- following criticism of educational op.eration ~o serve. the religious, educational, medIcal, SOCIal and economic needs * From The National Christian OounciZ Reof all the rural people should be the view. united policy of missions and churches

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missions in West Afr{ca may not meet knowledge, or even of performance- which may be divorced from real inwith universal approval. terest-but also and perhaps su- premely a matter of appreciation, of In view of the fact that such serious identifying self with the thing known objections can be urged against the na- and done, the author tells of his perture of much of the secular education, ·sonal experience wi th the Lincoln also that Christian education is so very monument, the facts about which he inadequately done, that three-quarters of knew and to which he paid an initial the missionaries are now engaged in edu- visit. The monument so won his cational undertakings, that Government whole self, that on his next visit to now controls the educational policy and Washington he spent his spare time will more and more direct it, a reconsid- in lying on the grass on the lawn in eration of the wh{)le educational activi- front, drinking in the beauty and meaning of it. s. ties of missions is called for. Prof. Fleming's work is thoroughly M. Z. modern. He emphasizes the newest ideas regarding education and psy- Education for World-Mindedness. By Al- chology. The mathematics teacher, bert John Murphy. Abingdon Reli- in order to teach John geometry, must gious Education Texts, College Series. not only know geometry, but even 366 pp. $2.50. Abingdon Press. 1931. more he must know John. He stresses response and initiative and "doing" This is presumably a manual for on the part of the pupil, or of the National in the mission field. college classes, and particularly for He contrasts those who from the teachers. Its title is descriptive of beginning have developed or promoted or waited for the initiative, the planits scope. Among other phases of its ning and the execution of needed tasks by the Nationals, with those who, by subject, it deals with missions. The the help of authority and funds have author acknowledges his indebt~dness carried the tasks through, or have at- tempted so to do. The results seem to Professor John Dewey, and his edu- to justify the former method.

cational point of view is that of this Running through the book is a very profound respect for the sanctity of well-known teacher and philosopher. each individual, however weak or ig- norant or suppressed such a person His approach to missions is of the may be. Thus in dealing with com- pulsory Bible teaching in mission distinctly liberal type and is indicated schools, 'our author says: "There are two sides to this big question of reby the characterization of the "demo- quired Bible teaching in mission schools, and it will therefore be absurd cratic concept of missions" as "shared to try to settle the question in a few paragraphs. In hosts of places it does religious values," as against "the un- not have the atmosphere of coercion, and little harm, if any, is done from social concept of missions" as "uncom- that aspect of the matter. But what we are here pointing out is that it is promlsmg attitudes toward other incontestable that in many places it does have all the characteristics of a religions, ror example, 'Give up Bud- coercion experience, and that in every place where Bible classes and chapel dhism and accept Christianity.''' The book is more adapted to teachers than to students. While there is much that is commendable about it, the author apparently does not know missions sufficiently to have made his volume particularly useful in introducing stu- dents to the subject. K. S. L.

Helping People Grow. An Application of Educational Principles to Christian Work Abroad. By Daniel J. Fleming. 208 pp. $2.50. Association Press. New York. 1931.

This book applies the principle teachings of modern psychology and education to the problems of foreign missions with lucidity, helpfulness and objectivity. Some of the illustrations are very happy. In driving home the fact that education is not only a matter of understanding, of acquiring

are required for students of another China's Revolution from the Inside. By religion and race, those responsible should be most alert to know what is R. Y. Lo, Ph.D. 370 pp. $2. Abingactually going on within the minds don Press. New York. and hearts of the students." There are numerous books on China The writer of this review, questions some of the author',s modern principles by foreigners, but comparatively few as not going to the roots of human by the Chinese themselves. This one life. Prof. Fleming seems to say that if one knew all that the modern edu- is doubly welcome. The author is one cators of America had to say about human nature and educational prin- of the influential and constructive ciples, one could go out and always do Christian leaders of China. Educated the right thing and always apply the right principle. But human nature is first at a missionary college and afterfar too subtle and environment is far too complex and changeable for any ward in America, a Doctor of Philossuch intellectual or educational solu- ophy of Syracuse University, he has tion of the intricate problems of hu- been editor of the Chtnese Christian man growth. Advocate at Shanghai for the last ten years. He is a member of several in- In the book there throbs no supreme terdenominational Christian bodies, passion for righteousness, justice, mercy and self-immolating suffering and is chairman of the National Antifor others-without which there is no helping people grow. The major Opium Association .of China. thesis of the book is that if you put the Nationals always as supreme, and He gives a birds-eye view of the Revolution, and then discusses the various movements that are surging in present-day China, closing with the WomAn's Movement and the Christian Movement. The book is written in excellent English, and is character- ized by ability, soundness of judgment and Christian spirit. A. J. B.

if you glorify the native church, you Guinness of Honan. By Mrs. Howard will be right, but that if you promote Taylor. 322 pp. $1.75. China Inland anything foreign you will be wrong. Mission. Philadelphia.

This whole contrast tends to run with Missionary biography is enriched the modern mania for Nationalism. by this interesting and attractive There is much to be said for this volume. The beloved medical missi:::m- trend, but if Christianity ever loses ary whose life story is recorded .in the certain knowledge that Christ is its pages opened, with Dr. Sydney supreme above nations and National- Carr, the first hospital in the Province ism, that one can never be an Ameri- of Honan, China, and for thirty years can first and a Christian afterwards, he toiled there with indefatigable then indeed Christianity and Christian energy, professional skill, humanita- missions are done for. rian sympathy, and Christ-like dev.o- The book does not go deep enough; tion. He was a man of faith and it accepts uncritically all of modern prayer, eager to help in saving the thought with little discrimination. It souls as well as the bodies of his nu- treats superficially the whole problem merous patients. His hospital at Kai- of evil in relation to the growth of feng was not only a place of physical personality. By this time we ,should healing but of spiritual power. The have some very eminent examples of hardships of life in the interior of living from these American theorists, China were many and the peril some- were the deepest truths contained in times great, but all were cheerfully this volume. The book should be read met "for Jesus sake" and the people by Christian workers, because it pre- for whom He died. The preparation sents one aspect of the truth that we of this biography was a labor of love all need to understand. by his sister. A. J. B.

The Missionary Review of the World — June 1929

192:~

OLD AND NEW MISSIONARY MOTIVES SAMUEL M. ZWEMER TRANSFORMATIONS IN MOROCCO JAMES HALDANE CHANGING PERSIA WM. N. WYSHAM SADHU SUNDAR SINGH AT SABATHU A. J. APPASAMY CHRISTIAN INDUSTRIAL TRAINING IN SOUTH AFRICA A. J. HAILE TWO PATHS IN CUBA J. E. BUDD LUCY BAINBRIDGE-MISSIONARY A. H. McKINNEY THE PROBLEMS OF INDIA MRS. WM. I. CHAMBERLAIN VoluRle LII NURlber 6

ME ANOTHER ON AFRICA* July 30-Aug. 14. World Boy

Jamboree-Arrow Park, Birkenhead, 1. What punctuation mark is suggested England.

by the outline of Africa? August. International Congress of Chris- 2. What question does Africa suggest tian Youth under the auspices of the World's Alliance for International to the world? Friendship through the Churches– Germany. 3. What part of Africa is now chiefly Moslem? August 3-9. World's Committee of Y. M. C. A.-Geneva. 4. What is the modern name for the August 7-14. Conference of the Internaland known in Bible times as Ethiopia? tional Fellowship of Reconciliation- 5. Name two people mentioned in the Lyons, France.

Bible who are supposed to have gone to August 27. Continuation Committee of the Faith and Order Conference- Jerusalem from that land. Maloja Palace, Switzerland.

6. Why has Africa been known as the November 10-17. Week of Prayer of the "dark continent?" World's Alliance of Y. M. C. A.

7. What mountains in Africa, almost on the equator, are covered with perpetual snow?

8. What are the great lakes of Africa? PERSONALS 9. Name its great waterfall (the CROLl ANDY, native of Ankara, North greatest in the world). Travancore, India, at the age of eighty, dropped Hinduism, accepted Christianity, 10. Who discovered it? and changed his name to Yesu Dasan. This was sixty years ago, and Mr. Dasan, 11. What did the natives call it? still living, at the age of 140, is probably 12. Why did Livingstone make his the oldest living Christian.

perilous journey into the heart of Africa? " 13. What countries in Africa have REV. CHARLES S. REIFSNIDER, Episcopal their own independent governments? Bishop of North Tokyo, and President of St. Paul's University, has been dec- 14. What European countries control orated by the Emperor of Japan in rec- ognition of services rendered the cause the rest of the continent? of education. 15. What resources make Africa de- sirable as a possession?

16. What group of people first reduced to writing the languages of the primitive African tribes?

17. Name some of the great missionaries to Africa. _ 18. Into how many African languages DR. LEE S. HUIZENGA sailed for Hawaii has the Bible been translated? on March 8th, on a journey to the Far 19. What are the missionaries teach- East as special Medical Adviser to the ing to the people of Africa? American Mission to Lepers. He is to stimulate local interest in the leprosy 20. Who were the first Protestant mis- question, confer with government offisionaries to go to Africa? cials, and encourage Leper Mission Hos- pital Superintendents, bringing them the 21. Who compared the white and the latest word in connection with the treatblack races of the world to the white and ment of leprosy. Dr. Huizenga, formerly black keys of the piano, both being neces- actively engaged in medical mission and sary for the best melody? leper work in China, has just completed a year of leprosy research at Yale Uni- 22. What Bible verse covers Living- versity. His services have been loaned stone's grave in Westminster Abbey? to this Mission for a year b·, the Chris- (See 3rd cover for answeT8.) (lOMING EVENTS tian Reformed Church of America.

June. Lutheran World Convention- MRS. J. C. R. * * *' widow of Sir Copenhagen, Denmark. EWING, the June. Congress on Christian Work in Latin America-Havana, Cuba. James Ewing, of the Presbyterian Mis- June 17-23. Congress of the Interna- sion, is returning to India to complete tional Alliance of Women for Equal Citizenship-Berlin, Germany. her life service there.

June 19-27. Council of the General Pres- REV. ROBERT LAWS, D.D., the great byterian Alliance–Boston, Mass. pioneer missionary in Livingstonia, Af- rica, will visit America dUring the sum- July 11-21. Committee of the Interna- mer, as a delegate to the Pan-Presbyte- tional Missionary Council- Wil- rian Convention in Boston. Doctor Laws liamstown, Mass. expects also to speak in Guilford, North Carolina, and will attend the Women's July 22-30. International Y. M. C. A. Foreign Missionary Conference in July Older Boys' Camp-Burg Wernfels, and the General Conference of Christian Bavaria. Workers at Northfield, Massachusetts, in August. For other appointments ad- July 25-Aug. 4. Y. M. C. A. Far Eastern dress Mr. Harold Peirce, 222 Drexel Boy's Camp–Japan. Building, Philadelphia. Dr. Laws has a great story of personal experience in July 25-Aug. 4. World Congress of Edu- Darkest Africa. cational Associations-Geneva.

'" }1'rom World Neighbors. MCCUTCHEON'S is a treasure house of gifts for the June Bride. Linens, of course, are always welcome and always appropriate gifts. Occasional Furniture, Tudric Pewter and other original Gift Articles from Liberty of London will add the charm of novelty to the new home. Exquisite Lingerie, Perfumes, Novelty Jewelry, clever sets of Decorative Linens and smart pieces of Household Linens are unexcelled as shower gifts. Just tell us that your selection is a wedding gift and we will attend to its appropriate wrapping.

McCutcheon~s .~ FIFTH AVENUE AT FORTY.NINTH ST. DEPT. No. 20, NEW YORK /llllJUSlbr.Oft SiaDl's King at Mission Centennial The American Presbyterian Mission was also the first to bring the people the bene- T HE celebration of the centennial fits of Medical science. In conclusion His of Protestant missions in Siam, Majesty wished the whole missionary body all success, and all blessings both held in Bangkok in December, was in this life and the next.

opened by the King of Siam, who The king and queen visited the ex- hibits which had been prepared and as placed at the disposal of the committee a result of a leper exhibit they gave 1,000 ticals toward a fund of .5,000 the royal Saranromya Gardens. ticals for new buildings.

Following the reception of the king The people have had their eyes opened to the results of the Christian and queen, Dr. McFarland read an ad- enterprise' and the manifest favor of the king and the princes and officials dress to the king in Siamese. lifts the burden that has rested upon those who have accepted this Chris- The king, speaking in English, re- tian faith.

plied, in part, as follows: His Royal Highness Prince Dam- rong has written in highest praise of Some people may want to know why the work accomplished by the misthe Buddhists are so tolerant of the sionaries and says, "As regards the Christian faith and other creeds in Siam, American missionaries, their sterling and also why I and my predecessors qualities and the good work they have have encouraged the missionaries. We done in educational and medical matrejoice in all merit, and are glad to see ters have always been fully recognized, merit made under the influence of any and their friendship with the people religion. I thank the American Presby- of the country extends to all classes." terian Mission for the helpful work they have done for this country. They were the first to start education for girls in the Kingdom, and when the Siamese Government started a school for girls most of the teachers employed were ex-students of the school of "Mem" Cole (Miss Edna S. Cole), now termed the Wattana Wittiya Academy. The Siamese respect Miss Cole a great deal for her work.

Please mention THE MISSIONARY' REVIEW OF THE WORLD in writing to advertisers. THE MISSIONARY United Sta.tes Religions Statistics T REVIEW OF THE WORLD HE Church statistics, gathered by Dr. Henry K. Carroll for The DELAVAN L, PJUaOlf. Bllitor Christian Herald, show a million in- crease in church members over last year. Of this number. two thirds are CONTENTS-JUNE REVIEW Protestants and one third Roman and Greek Catholics. The number of min- Puge isters and churches also show a growth 'AITTXG VILLAGERS 1.' I.'DIA …. for the first time in ten years.

· . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , …. (l'~rontispiccc) 420 Dcnonlinatiou8 Cmnmunicanh Gains OLD A.'D NEn' )[]SSIONARY MOTIVES Roman Cuthollc …….. 17,095,844 360,103 • ••••••••••…. SAMUEL 11. ZWE:IER 421 ~Iethodlst Episcopal •… 4,614,097 22,093 58.659 'l'HA.'R~'OmIA~~?~~ ,:~J.~~~~°J':'~~E~~ 427 Houthern Baptist ……. 3.823,660 t>ational Buptist (Col.). 3.515,542 262.173 CHANGING PERSIA ,. w,], N. WYSHAM 433 }[ethodist Episcopal. ~outh 2,580,885 12,923 33.247 SADHU SUNDAR SINGH A'1' SABA'1'HU Presbyterian. U. S. A. .. 1.918.974 57.316 .. , …………… A. J. ApPASAMY 440 Disciples of Christ .•..• 1,538,692 27.063 Northern Baptist ……. 1,419,883 24,445 CHHIS'l'IAN INDUSTRIAL TRAINING Protestant Episcopal … l,215,3R3 13,860 IN SOUTH AFRICA "A. J, HAILE 443 23,724 Congregationalist ……. 928,558 A )IODERN PROPHETESS U1 MADA· ii.oBi GASCAR …….. ELLEN GOTZSCHE 449 United Lutheran ……. 914,395 19,316 APOLO OF THE PIG:lIES ……… ,' 451 African Methodist Epis- ~'WO PATHS IN CUBA …. J. E. BUDD 453 cupal …………… . 781,692 '5'.036 Missouri Lutheran Synod 656,432 LUCY BAINBRIDGE-MISSIONARY .. Latter-Day Saints (Utah) 586,635 115.777 ……………. , ,A. H, MCKINNEY 456 African Meth. Epls, Zion 500,000 5,246 Presbyterian in U. S. (So.) 444,657 4,167 'l'HE PROBLEMS OF INDIA … ,', .. ,' Churches of Christ ….. 433,714 • ……. MRS. WM. I. CHAMBERLAIN 459 United Brethren in Christ 402,192 5.769 Reformed in U. S. . .•..• 356,093 8.005 A BIBLE CRUSADE FOR LATIN AMER- Colored Methodist Epis- d 49.003 ICA ………. GEORGE T. B. DAVIS 461 copal •…………… 338.771 ~orwegian Lutheran . . . . 302.232 . '505 METHODS FOR WORKERS ,,",.,'" •.•• EDITED BY MRS. F. I. JOH~SON 464 .Evangelical Synod of N. A. 287.115 d 5,264 Greek (Hellenic) Orthodox 285.000 WOMAN'S FOREIGN MISSION BUL- Lutheran Augustana Synod 225.034 '3',852 LE'l'IN ………•.. , ..••.•.. , ..• , Evangelical Church …. . 212.671 • ••• EDITED BY ELLA D. ;MACLAURIN )1:72 Russian Orthodox ….. . 200,000 3,397 3,736 Methodist Protestant .. . 195,460 4,808 United Presbyterian … . 175,075 3,111 Ohio Lutheran Joint Synod 162,536 1,363 Reformed in America … 156,089 V1sconsin Lutheran Synod 153.506 Iowa Lutheran Synod .• 150,431 46,571,248 1,036,562 These thirty-two denominations, WOMAN'S HOME MISSION BULLETIN" constituting 46,571,248 of the grand ' .•. EDITED BY FLORENCE E. QUINr,AN 475 total, gathered 1,036,562 of the total WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK .. , … "…. 477 net gains of 1,114,987.

BOOKS WORTH READING …..•••••• 493 The United States decennial census of religious bodies for 1926 brings a TERMS.-$2.1I0 a year. ($2.00 In club. of vast amount of valuable information.

five.) Foreign postage. 110 cent.. Single copies. It will be seen that the Roman 25 cent.. Publl.bed monthly. Copyrlchted. Catholic Church reported an increase 1928, by MISSIONABY RIDVlIDW PUBLIIIHING COll- . of about 3%, the Mormons 3%, while PANY. INC. All rights reserved. the Methodist Episcopal Church gained only one half of one per cent, THE MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING the Presbyterians one and three COMPANY. INc. quarter per cent and the Reformed ROsmBT E. SPJlEB. p,.erid…. Church in America and the Disciples of Christ over 3%. The largest gains WILLIAli I. CRAlIB.BLAIN. VIo/l-p,.eeldent are in the "Churches of Christ" which reports 26% increase and in the Na- DIILAVAN L. PIIIBSON. Secr.'1W1/ WALTIIR McDOUGALL, TreaatWM'

Publleatlon Office. 3d '" Reily St., Harrllburc, tional Baptists (Colored) reporting Pa. 211c a copy. $2.110. year. 73(;10 gain! Losses during the year Editorial and Buslne•• Olllce, 1116 FIfth ……nu•• are reported by the "Christian New York City. Church." the "Church of God," Evan- Entered •• lecond-clas. matter .t the P.,.t gelical Synod. Friends, and Spiritual- ~lII;':H~arrlsbUrg. Pa•• under "'ct of lUra ists. OBITUARY NOTES.

REV. E. C. CRONK, D.D., the acting PREPARE WELL Executive Secretary of the Lutheran Orient Mission, died on February 25th, FOR after an illness of several months. Mrs. Cronk, former Editor of our Best Meth- WORLD ods Department, died in March, 1927. SERVICE REV. FRANK L". SN*YDER, missionary of THE Kennedy School of Missions (inthe Presbyterian Church in Siam since terdenominational) offers technical 1890, died at Sritamarat, Siam, March training for Christian work in any for- 30th. eign field. Graduate school for candi- dates, appointees, missionaries. Study *** of phonetics of high value. Over a dozen languages available in labora- REV. STURGES ALLEN, a missionary of tory. Close affiliation with Seminary the Protestant Episcopal Church in Li- and School of Religious Education, beria, died in Africa on April 21st. He Exceptional library. Sociology, Bible, would have been eighty years of age on business methods, etc. June 25th. He went to Liberia as a missionary six years ago at the age of Write for catalog. seventy-four and was much beloved by the people. Dean E. W. Capen. Ph.D.• Hartford~ Connecticut ** HARTFORD DR. LoWELL M. McAFEE, formerly Seminary Foundation president of Park College, died at his home in Kansas City, February 11, 1929, W. Douglas Mackeru:ie, D.D., President at the age of 68 years. Park College was founded in 1875 by his father, Dr. John A. McAfee, and aner being graduated in 1880, he became a member of the College Faculty until his election to the Presidency, which office he held until 1913. The influence of his life continues in the lives of many students who entered Christian service at home and abroad during Dr. McAfee's third of a century at Park College.

I _, A new McConnell boole on m~sions ~ an event LET YOUR GIFT to Foreign Missions ——–:00——– PAY YOU A LIFE INCOME HUMAN NEEDS and You can make a generous gift to foreign mis- sions and have a needed income for yourself WORLD and others from the money you give by the CHRISTIANITY Annuity Gift Plan By BISHOP FRANCIS J. McCONNELL This plan relieves you of uncertainty and President ofthe Federal Council 01 Churches worry caused by changing values of invested funds and assures you a fixed income of Here is a volume of prophetic 4t% to 9% per year sig-nificance. It emphasizes for the rest of your life the human value that lies at the base of the Christian world A reserve fund of over $1,500.000 guarantees task. "The present day argu- the prompt payment of annuities to you. ment for Christianity … must consist as never before in act- Protect yourself against loss through ual human results, which pre- unwise investments and at the same time pare for and lead toward the help send the gospel to all the world. vision of God."

For full information write $1.50 Erneal F.. Ha.U~ Secretar,)'" Dept.. of Annaitiea FRIENDSHIP PRESS BOARD OF FOREIGN MISSIONS 150 Fifth Ave., New York of the Presbyterian Church, U. S. A.

166 Fihh Avenue. New York Please mention THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD in writing to advertisers.

VILLAGERS IN

ThIs group of villagers are only a sample of the multitudes in the hundreds of thommmls of vBlages in India who do not yet know Jesus Christ as their Lord and Saviour but are willing to listen to His message.

LII, No.6 June

16eW0 THE MISSIONARY lliIIU-~ .&,-_ _.1 OLD AND NEW MISSIONARY MOTIVES· BY REV. SAMUEL M. ZWEMER, D.D., Cairo, Egypt Author 01 u.A..cr088 the World of Islam," etc.

N o HUMAN enterprise re- The history of the Church at quires stronger motives than home and abroad reveals a multi- the work of Christian mis- tude of motives that drove men to sions. There is no enterprise so earnest effort in the propagation vast in its extent, so difficult in its of the Gospel, and yet not all of character. It often staggers our these motives were approved of faith. Nineteen centuries after the God or beneficent in their results.

inauguration of evangelism the Jesus speaks of the Pharisees of disciples of Christ still face great His day, as compassing land and unoccupied fields where the name sea to make one proselyte. Their of Christ has never been pro- zeal was for Judaism rather than claimed. Missions often disap- for God. The story of Roman Cath- point hope; at times where the olic missions and Protestant sec- harvest was ripening the blast of tarianism affords similar instances.

persecution, or the blight of revo- The scramble for denominational lution, has ruined the expectations prestige in an unoccupied field, the of the reapers. Signs of a new day mUltiplication of sects and parties have sometimes been signs of a on the frontier of new territory, false dawn. Think of the missions the missions which are based on on the east coast of Africa or of rivalry of church parties-all work the Armenian Church. that is based on mere ecclesiasti- In such a crisis as foreign mis- cism is based on an unworthy mis- sions face today, and at a time sionary motive. Weare to lead men when new "movements" are on to Christ, not win converts to our foot, it may be well to consider own sect.

the old and the new missionary Another motive is that based on motives. To abandon those that Christian imperialism. Because are unworthy or inadequate and missions promote civilization, en- to urge those that are true and courage trade and produce social efficient would seem the part of progress there have been those who wisdom. use these outward manifestations • An address given fit the 2d General Mis- as an argument for extending the c'h~:~les ;fnii:~~~r.:':ror~.f sc~~: lo~~~nf~~~~ian boundaries of nominal Christen- 421

dom. The flag follows the mission- so large; or that baptisms and re~ ary and trade follows the flag. A pioneer mission may not only cre- vivals and mass-movements are ate homes, schools, and literature among a barbarous people but may proof that "missions pay." Why introduce western commerce and not invest your life and your civilization so that the result is colonial expansion, not to say ex- money in such a successful venploitation. There is a real relation ture? But this motive fails between Christian missions and piteously in the hardest fields and social progress but to confound the two or make them coordinate is in most trying circumstances. fatal. Robert Morrison had no outward "Pity for the heathen" was once success when he toiled twentya leading motive in the missionary eight years in China for ten conmovement. The exaggerated contrast of the conditions among sav- verts. The missionaries in Arabia ages and those in western lands, have endured the burden and the the grotesque picture of the non- Christian religions in their popular heat and the fanaticism of the and degraded form of idol worship, suttee, self torture, slavery and Arabs for thirty-nine years and other degradation made its appeal yet in all Arabia there are not to the emotions. thirty-nine disciples won for Christ and openly confessing his name. The conditions of the non-Christian world then and now are such The utter inadequacy of statistics as to move hearts. It was Ian was pointed out by Professor Keith Falconer who said before sailing for Aden in 1889, "while vast Harlan P. Beach of China: continents are shrouded in almost utter darkness and hundreds of My observations make me yearn for millions suffer the horrors of the filling out of such items as these: heathenism and Islam the burden Number of missionaries forced premaof proof is on those who stay at turely into the work before being fitted home, why they should not go to for it, linguistically or otherwise; numthe mission field." Christ himself ber giving most of their time and had compassion on the multitudes strength to financing their station; and wept over Jerusalem. But the number annually breaking down from motive of compassion is one that overwork; number who do not find time stirs only the emotions, and leaves to nourish their own spiritual lives sufthe intellect and the will dormant. ficiently to make them fruitful workers; We need a motive that will lay hold number of native helpers who are adeof all the powers of the soul. quately fitted for their responsible duties; number of helpers who are do- Others say that we must urge ing as much harm as good; number of the success of the missionary enter- converts who are undeserving the name prise and so win men to complete of Christian through lack of instruction the task. Statistics can be arrayed and spiritual rebirth; number acquainted to prove that the Kingdom of God with Christianity who might be won for is coming with power; that the Christ if only tactfully approached; number of Christians was never number who will never hear the gospel because the force responsible for evan- gelizing the region is hampered by lack of funds or men, etc. Such items should furnish the church with food for thought and prayer.

Statistics of success may prove a motive in this holy war, but will statistics of failure bring recruits and resources?

The great motive of duty, Christ's last command to His dis- ciples, the categorical imperative of the New Testament ,.'~ould ap- peal to every man's conscience in

1929J OLD AND NEW MISSIONARY MOTIVES

the sight of God. As the Duke of "Pilgrim's Progress" and in Thom- Wellington expressed it, "We have as a Kempis' "Imitation of Christ,"

our marching orders." To some the message is one of personal sal- minds this appeals strongly and is vation and personal sanctification.

the final word. Like compulsory Christian and Faithful stopped service in the World War, those their ears in VanitY-Fair instead who refuse to enlist and do their of opening their mouths to preach part are then slackers or traitors to to the lost. There are many beau- the cause. Four times the great tiful prayers in "The Imitation"

commission is reiterated in the but no prayer for missions. Why Gospel record. Yet it is evident are so many churches and Chris- from the Acts that the Apostles tians lukewarm toward missions were not moved by a mere com- while they profess their love to mand. The early Church would Christ? Why do many eat of the have been an evangelistic force Bread that was broken, in their without it. There was an inner love for Christ, but refuse to drink urge and passion deeper than the of His cup of suffering for the sense of duty. "They that were lost? We dare not say that the scattered went everywhere preach- great mass of Christians do not ing the word." Why did they gO? love Christ; but the missionary What constrained them to the task? societies know that the great mass What was the motive of Philip and of Christians have no sacrificial Silas, of Mark and Timothy, of part in the work of missions. It Paul and the Apostles? is the vicarious task of the few.

The love of Christ constrained Can we therefore find back of all them. His love for a lost world; the motives mentioned a supreme His love for them; His love in and final motive for missions? It them. This was the threefold cord would not, naturally, appeal to all that bound their hearts to the task or appeal most easily. "The nat- and made them eager bond-serv- ural man discerneth not the things ants. of the Spirit." The carnally- But if the love of Christ (under~ minded are babes in Christ. Nor stood in this threefold sense) is would this motive be easily ex- the supreme missionary motive, plained or understood. On the con- why was it not always fruitful in trary because of the spiritual char- missionary zeal? Peter professed acter of the missionary enterprise his love to Christ and preached "it would be appreciated only by that love to the Jews at Pentecost. those who have passed beyond But he was unready and unwilling other worthy although less worthy to share the good tidings with a motives.

Roman centurion until the three- We believe this motive to be a fold vision made his latent love passion for the glory of God in the active. Luther and Calvin were coming of the Kingdom. Some lovers of Christ but had no vision motives are ego-centric or cosmo- of the foreign missionary task and centric. This is all theo-centric its demands. One searches in vain and finds its source and goal be- in the Reformation Catechisms yond time and space in eternity.

and creeds for a clear and out- The chief end of missions is not spoken message regarding the non- the salvation of men but the glory Christian world. In Bunyan's of God. "For of Him and through

Him and unto Him are all things" Matthew's gospel or the High- -also missions-"to Him be the priestly prayer in John and are glory for ever." Not only Luther impressed with the same idea: the and Calvin but in our own day glory of God as motive and goal.

Otto in "Das Heilige" and Karl Seven times in his intercession as Barth in his commentary on the High Priest, Christ refers to God's Romans have shown that the sov- glory. "I have glorified Thee ….. .

ereignty and holiness of God are I have finished the work." To the basis of all theistic thought and glorify God is to finish the work; that a Christian world-view is im- for Christ and for us.

possible without these numinous This motive dominates in Paul's elements. We find it in the Old epistles. One has only to turn to Testament prophecies and in the a concordance or study the dox- Law of Sinai. "Thou shalt have ologies (that is, Paul's missionary no other gods …… for I the Lord prayers) to be convinced of his thy God am a jealous God." "Je- passion that his Lord alone might hovah that is my name and my be glorified through his life and glory will I not give to another death and message (Phil. 2: 11; neither my praise to graven Rom. 16: 25-27; 1 Cor. 1: 26-31; images." The absolute character Eph. 3: 20).

of Jewish monotheism is its dis- In the vision of John, the entire tinguishing characteristic and redeemed church from every na- glory. Syncretism is absent from tion and tongue and people ascribes the mind of Isaiah and Daniel glory to the Lamb. In their great when they tell of the coming King- Hallelujah Chorus we can hear the dom of the Messiah. His glory is interpretation of this same mis- to cover the earth. Every knee is sionary motive-glory to God.

to bow before Him. This mission- Now if we grant that this is the ary motive and idea is proclaimed highest motive-namely a passion at the Incarnation. "The Word for God's glory – we must admit became flesh" and men beheld that we have here also a supreme "His glory, a glory as of the only standard of values, because every- begotten of the Father, full of grace thing that is moral must be meas- and truth." There would be "peace ured by its relation to its source on earth and good will towards and aim, which is God. If in "eat- men" but the angels began their ing and drinking" then surely in song with "Glory to God in the· missionary administration and exe- highest." We must not reverse cution we must do all to the glory the order. The great commission of God. This becomes the test of is preceded by a great assertion: the spirit of our obedience and the "All power is given unto me in character of our service. It gives heaven and on earth"-this gives a new impetus to prayer. "Thy authority to the command. With- Kingdom come …… for thine is out it, Jesus the Nazarene sends out the Kingdom and the power and his few disciples on a futile errand. the glory." Our gifts are meas- With it the Incarnate Word com- ured by the motive back of them municates His message and power, and not by their intrinsic value. We His mission and authority to His contribute not to a Society but to Church for all the ages. our Saviour. Every mite-box and We read the Lord's Prayer in offering-plate bears the print of

OLD AND NEW MISSIONARY MOTIVES

the nails of the open hand of the our methods. Weare workers with Risen Redeemer. Who can put a God. He has the right to approve mean or paltry offering into such or disapprove our methods. That hands. Our per capita giving method is best at home or abroad shrinks into insignificance when which is most to the glory of God we think of His "per capita"-"O and least to the glory of man. He Haupt voll Blut und Wunden," "0 must increase and we decrease in sacred head once wounded." the administration of the indig- We go and we send with alacrity enous churches. He is the director and eager passion because His of all operations and advance glory is at stake. He wills it. movements, if we acknowledge His Therefore He laid down his Life spiritual leadership. "It seemed for us, that we should lay down good to the Holy Ghost and us,"

our lives for the brethren. In the the apostles wrote in their mission- light of God's great holiness and ary report. Not our time-tables the glory of Christ the non-Chris- are to be followed, but God's eter- tian religions are not only inade- nal plan, hidden from the wise and quate but they are intruders and prudent but revealed unto babes.

usurpers. The Lord is a jealous Spiritual men only can do spiritual Lord not only in the Old Testa- work. Spiritual resources are not ment, witness Moses, Elijah and commanded by organization, or Isaiah; but He is the same Lord publicity or money-power. Faith in the New Testament. Paul's at- is the victory. Men appoint com- titude to the non-Christian reli- mittees. God finds a man. Prayer gions, and the final chapters of that is the sale dynamic in the Acts of terrible drama of missions, in the the Apostles. Life is more than any Apocalypse, are clear evidence. uniformity of method. God has a Idolatry, superstition, falsehood, way of breaking through barriers impurity dishonor God. "For this and the unexpected is to be ex- purpose" writes the loving dis- pected when He is leading on.

ciple, "was the Son of God mani- Finally in this motive we find fested that he might destroy the the supreme and only test of suc- works of the devil." We need to cess. By other standards, the enter- study afresh the teaching of the prise may be an apparent failure apostles reg a r din g "spiritual –our plans may be frustrated, our values" in man or in human phi- hopes disappointed-but when we losophy to realize that they taught consider the glory of God, success the moral bankruptcy of the whole blossoms from seeming defeat. The race and that in Christ are hid, not Cross is always victorious. Peter's some, but "all the treasures of wis- preaching not only, but the stoning dom and knowledge." of Stephen was to the glory of The comparative study of reli- God. The baptisms at Ongole, gion may broaden our minds and two thousand two hundred and give us new points of contact with twenty-two on one day by the Lone non-Christians; but the study of Star Mission, and the Armenian positive religion revealed in the massacres, each had a place in the mind and life of Christ will fill us great plan of God for the unfold- with a missionary passion for ing of His eternal purpose. Who God's glory. can tell the infinite from the in- Again, this motive tests all of finitesimal but God? An event in-

significant to the newspapers has parent defeat and real triumph at often been as life from the dead to the end. If we would glorify God those that sat in darkness and let us finish the work he has given shadow. The harvest is not the us to do. And we may all learn end of the annual report but "the something from the prayer of Igend of the world." The reapers are natius Loyola, for he too was a misnot the missionaries but the angels. sionary with a passion for Christ: We have time to wait on God. His power is infinite. His time limit "Teach us Good Lord to serve is eternity. With God the mission- Thee as thou deservest; to give ary enterprise has in it aU the and not to count the cost; to fight glory of the impossible, the adven- and not to heed our wounds; to ture of leading a forlorn hope to toil and not to ask for any reward certain victory; the glory of ap- save that of knowing that we do thy will."

THE GOOD NEWS FOR MOSLEMS T HE good news, and the only good sage and a personal Gospel in the deep- news for sinners, is the Atone- est sense. Paul spoke of it as my ment of Jesus Christ. So impor- Gospel. "/ received" it; "/ delivered tant is this theme in the apostles' it," he wrote. Those who have not thought and preaching, that it seems received it in their own hearts, as the incredible for anyone to accept the final message and the saving message New Testament and then reject the of God's grace can never deliver it to very kernel of its teaching. "It will be others.

admitted by most Christians," says Dr. Dr. Chatterjee, the Indian Christian, Denney, "that if the atonement, quite explains what was the compelling force apart from precise definition of it, is which induced him to leave home and anything to the mind, it is EVERY- country and honors by accepting THING. It is the most profound of all Christian baptism. He admits the at- truths and the most creative. It deter- traction of Christ's blameless life and mines more than anything else our His perfect teaching, "but," says he, conception of God, of man, of history, "the doctrine which decided me to em- and even of nature; it determines brace the Christian religion, and make them, for we must bring them all in a public confession of my faith, was some way into accord with it. It is the the doctrine of the vicarious death and inspiration of all thought, the key, in suffering of Christ. I felt myself a the last resort, to all suffering ….. . sinner, and found in Christ one Who The atonement is a reality of such a had died for my sins, paid the penalty sort that it can make no compromise. due for my sins." "For by grace are The man who fights it knows that he is ye saved by faith, and that not of fighting for his life and puts all his yourselves; it is the gift of God."

strength into the battle. To surrender The true apostolic succession is not is literaUy to give himself up, to cease a matter of method or of ordination to be the man he is and become another or of ecclesiastical connection, but of man. For the modern mind therefore, the Message. Have we received first as for the ancient, the attraction and of all, and delivered first of all, the the repulsion of Christianity are con- news of Christ's death for sin? Do centrated on the same point; the Cross we interpret that death not in terms of Christ is man's only glory or it i8 of human philosophy but in terms of In:s final stumbling block." the Scriptures? Does the death of The apostolic Gospel, to Paul and his Christ hold the foremost place in our successors and to every evangelist and preaching, in our thinking, and in our every missionary, is a personal mes- missionary program ?-S. M. Z.

CHILDREN O~' 'fHE MISSION SCHOOL IN

TRANSFORMATIONS IN MOROCCO BY JAMES HALDANE, Mazagan, Morocco M OROCCO cannot be cIassi- life is carrying the young people tied geographically among far away from the primitive posi- oriental countries. In spite tion so long held by their fore- of its geographical position, the fathers and is bearing them into a manners and customs of the peo- new world of thought and activity.

pIe and, indeed, the whole atmos- American tourists, u sua I I Y phere of the land is akin to that of known by their clean-shaven faces the East, other than African. and tortoise-shell rimmed glasses, While other backward nations, parade the streets followed by men during the last fifty years, were and boys who have abandoned their opening their doors to Western manual labor for the easier and life and commerce, Morocco con- more lucrative job of guides. RaiI- tinued to resist interference from ways have been constructed, superb all outside sources and remained roads link up all the towns, the Cie wrapped up in its exclusiveness Generale de Transports and Tour- and mystery. Only during the last isme has three hundred cars which fifteen years has the country felt cover more than ten million kilo- the impact of modern civilization. meters annually.

During that short space of time, The camel, which for centuries changes deep and far-reaching carried its load unchallenged, has have taken place. A new gush of been ousted from trade routes by 427

the motor lorry. French hospitals pIe who are all shades of color and dispensaries are established all from white to black as a result of over the country, with the result intermarriage with other races.

that the native doctor's practice Their habits in many respects are has dwindled to a fraction of its far removed from those of the former proportions. The story- Arabs.

teller with his weird gestures, In all the towns there is a strong Dervish dancers marshalling all sprinkling of Jews, descendents of their passions to sway the crowd, those driven from Spain in the fifand snake charmers, calling upon teenth century. Then far away to their patron saint for help, are all the south are the Shelha-speaking having a lean time in the face of Jews who are said to have lived in the competition that comes from at- the country prior to the Arab intractive European cafes and cine- vasion. Let us examine these groups separately in their relation mas. In a word, Moorish primitive to the task of the Christian mislife is being pulverized under the sionary. hammer of civilization and the older folks unable to catch up with The Moors the new movement, live away in back streets where they spend their These pride themselves on betime in dismal reminiscences of a ing vastly superior to all the other glorious past, almost eclipsed by groups. They are good tradesmen the corruption now prevailing. and have always furnished them- But no protest can arrest the selves with a certain amount of march towards the set objective; comfort and even luxury. Since the old order must yield to the new. the French occupied the country some sixteen years ago the Moors The native population of Morocco have shown a growing inclination is estimated roughly at eight mil- to discard the standards of discrelion souls. It is divided into three tion set up by their forefathers, distinct groups: until today they find themselves hoisted to heights that give them (1) The original Berber tribes an entirely new view of life. who speak the Shelha language. Their origin is somewhat obscure but according to Renan, the famous Now, it is generally assumed French historian, they are "the that civilization, by breaking people whom Joshua the son of through hoary customs, dragging Nun drove out before him." They to light superstitions that have occupy the district south of Agidir, flourished in darkness and setting known as Soos, the Riff country in up a higher standard of living by the north, where Abd-EI-Krim putting more money in circulation, waged war against French and has facilitated the missionary's Spanish troops, previous to his task. Such judgment is usually capture last year. Others are based upon things that catch the found in the region of the central eyes, but when we dip beneath the and greater Atlas. surface we cannot disguise the fact (2) The Arabs, descendents of that in some respects, at least, the the invaders who live in the coun- last state of the Moor is worse than try and are engaged in agriculture. the first. For example, many a . (3) The Moors, a term used to Moor has abandoned the Koran designate the towns dwelling peo- and has gone to the cask; his false

TRANSFORMATIONS IN MOROCCO

beliefs and superstitions have by putting on his best clothes at dwindled away but his drinking Christmas. He reads the Koran habits have increased. It is as dif- which says that Jesus did not die ficult to point to an advertisement and pretends to accept the New for Scotch whiskey and convince Testament which asserts that He him that the stuff is harmful, as it was crucified. He wears European is to open a page of the Koran and clothes to show that he belongs to show that its remedy for the con- the progressive party but still sequences of sin is inadequate. wears the fez which links him to The crowd that once gulped down the past. The result is that life the gossip of the story-teller, gains and religion are thrown into uninnothing if caught by the glamor telligible confusion. It reminds of a corrupt cinema. If Western one of the man who had liver and life has created conditions under lung trouble and who was ordered which a multitude of women have by his doctor to take violent exerbeen emancipated from the irk- cise to cure the former and rest to someness and degradation of the save the latter. harem, it has also brought into being the licensed brothel, to which We are compelled to admit that many of these same women turn. converts to Christianity are very To drive out the pig and admit the few. There is no native church, wolf is simply ousting dirt to make although in some towns small way for danger. The resultant groups of four to eight men gather gain is doubtful. The protectorate weekly for prayer and Bible study. power that introduced civilization Mission dispensaries and night cannot be held responsible for these shelters bring us into contact with corrupt developments. large numbers of adults, while our schools for girls and classes for There is another type of Moor boys open a door for work among who finds himself in a dilemma, the young. From the standpoint and whose aspirations towards this of numbers and results achieved, new mode of life clash with his this is the most encouraging featheological beliefs. He is not cour- ture of our work. ageous enough to pass a sponge over the past, neither is he content Arabs to be treated as old-fashioned and out of date. He realizes that to One of the outstanding features know no book save the Koran, and of Arab life is summed up in what to be bound to a system of belief the horse is supposed to have said: which, under modern conditions, cannot be forced into action, is a Just a little straw and a lazy life serious handicap. He now realizes It's better than hard work with corn that a quotation from the Koran will not suffice to clinch all his rife. arguments and, that the world he now lives in is too heavy to rest on A favorable climate, coupled to a such a flimsy foundation. rich soil, enables the Arab to ex- tract a living from the land with So he attempts a blending of the minimum of effort. He lives Christianity and Mohammedanism. in a thatched hut or a tent, has no He fasts in Ramadan and shows agricultural implements beyond a his sympathy with the Christians wooden plough and a hoe, builds no storehouses, provides no means of shelter for his animals. The greatest pleasure life can offer him

is just to be allowed "to sleep out say we have come to teach them th~ this great gap of time." way of God, they dismiss it as an Morocco is an agricultural coun- idle gesture. Their own selfishness try; its riches are bound up with has deprived them of the capacity the soil and, if genuine progress is to believe that anyone would step to be made, these Arabs, who form across the pathway to help them the great bulk of the population, save for gain. There seems to be must be lured from their laziness no sensitive surface upon which to by some kind of bait. Conse- make an impression. The readers quently the authorities have set up, among these Arabs are not more in various parts of the country, than three per cent, there is no model farms, worked by Europeans wide field therefore, for the dis- and supported by all the equipment tribution of literature. Another attached to scientific farming. It drawback is that a number of men was believed that the Arabs, on who read classical Arabic easily seeing the well-kept g r 0 u n d, and fluently, have only a hazy idea groomed horses and bumper har- of its meaning. The meaning of vests, would emulate these efforts; words and the interpretation to be the necessary equipment to be sup- placed upon them is a task for the plied on credit. The Lurmise was learned ulamas. The belief pre- wrong for, while a few erected vails that the reading of the Koran, stone dwellings and brought the without necessarily understanding iron plough into action, the vast it, is a highly meritorious exercise.

majority refused to be stampeded These people do not like hard out of their easy-going ways and work, and neither do they like hard hoary methods by the hope of gain thinking. Their minds are cast iJ1 that might melt away in heavier a mould; they are like water con- taxation. fined to a pipe, not like the river There are no missionaries living that overflows its banks and breaks among these Arabs but by car, into new territory. For them the mule and cycle visits are made to earth is flat; "falling stars" are the villages and country markets. devils being thrown down from The Arabs treat the missionary in heaven. It is obvious, therefore, the same way as a group of expert that to get these people to grasp astronomers would treat a boy the details of any religion but their who, after studying a primer on own, is a task calling for un- astronomy, informed them that limited patience. I once tried them their facts about the heavens are -I was young then-with an argu- faulty. Every revelation given to ment for the historical trustworthi- man up to the time of Mohammed ness of the gospels; it was an over- is considered at best a preface; to whelming puzzle.

him was given a book stamped with Of course if one's aim was to finality. Those therefore who cling write a glowing report instead of to the older revelation and reject a true one that faces the facts, what they believe to be the last and isolated gatherings where Arabs greatest of all revelations, have have taken the message seriously only a superficial knowledge of could be used to fill pages, as could things eternal and unseen. When also the stories of individual cases we pitch our tent among them they where one has had reasonable believe we are on holiday; if we ground to believe that Christ was

MOROCCO BOYS AND GIRLS AT THE MAZAGAN SCHOOL accepted according to their ca- is a fact beyond dispute that the pacity to understand Him. But majority of the people have neither these are like cases in the desert of met a Christian missionary nor a barren land. heard his message.

At present we have only mis- The Berbers (or Shluh) were sionaries enough to occupy the the aboriginal occupants of Motowns, and these can leave their rocco. Their lineage has been work only on rare occasions to visit traced back to Canaan, but phithe country. To attempt the evan- lologists are not agreed on this gelization of Morocco with the point. Under pressure of the vicmeans now at our disposal is as torious hosts of Arabs many of likely to be successful as an effort the Berbers living in the plains to irrigate all Africa from the embraced Mohammedanism. The waters of the Nile. rapacity of their conquerors, how- ever, became intolerable and grad- Ships have passed down the west ually they withdrew to the mouncoast of Africa during the last fifty tainous regions, where they have years, carrying missionaries to remained ever since. Living as Nigeria, the Congo, the Cameroons they do away in the Riff and Atlas, and Angola, but few have felt the no census has ever been taken of tug toward Moorish territory. the population, but a rough estimate Yet, here is a country four days' places the figure at two millions. journey from London, not white When the French protectorate was unto harvest, but rather, waiting established over Morocco, the counfor the plough to turn its soil. It

try from Agadir southwards was Unfortunately, it was discovered closed to Europeans. Previous to that the work of some of these men the establishment of these restric- was not quite free from unsavory tions a few missionaries had made features and was abandoned until excursions into Shluh territory but such time as their efforts can be were never able to make a pro- brought under the control of some longed stay. The Caids of the missionary living in the district.

various districts they pas sed Steps are likely to be taken soon through were suspicious 'Of their to open up the country to civiliza- motives and, tribesmen being fa- tion and commerce. It is generally natical, could not be trusted unless believed to be rich in minerals and these Caids would guarantee pro- many Europeans have their plans tection, which they would not do. ready and interpreters engaged to No later than the summer of 1927, invade the south as soon as it is a gang of these Berbers, in the dis- declared open. Here, it is to be trict of Beni Mellal, surrounded feared, we lag behind. We ought several Europeans who were hunt- to have young missionaries learn- ing in the forest and carried them ing the language and preparing away captive. They 'were released themselves generally for the task only after ·three and a half million of evangelizing these people; and francs had been paid as a ransom. yet, if the door so long barred and It was also stated that a gramo- bolted, yielded to the pressure now phone be sent with the money. The upon it and suddenly burst open, chief away in the mountains had we would have to stand outside, heard from some of his people, who through lack of men and money, had lived in some northern town, while others rushed in to exploit of this wonderful machine that the soil.

could talk. An English firm of There is something singularly gramophone makers on hearing of pathetic in the fact that small com- this strange request supplied the munities of Jews live in that mys- instrument free of charge. So terious district, .surrounded by there it sings away in the silence Mohammedans, yet still preserving of an unexplored district. their own religious customs. Most The language spoken by these of them have never moved far tribes is called Shelha. It has no from the locality in which they written characters but the lan- were born and have seen no more guage has this affinity to the of civilization than their father Semitic tongues that all its sounds Abraham saw. Undoubtedly, they can be expressed by Arabic letters. are about to emerge from their The only part of the Bible trans- long seclusion and will be called lated into Shelha is John's Gospel. upon to play an important part as Several of these Shelha men who links between the natives and lived and worked in mission houses European traders.

made profession of Christianity Who, we wonder, will be the first and,after a sufficient time of test- missionary to stand at the door of ing had lapsed were appointed col- their mud-built synagogues, as porteurs to their own people. For they come out from prayers, and some years they distributed gos- proclaim to them this message, pels away in the Atlas region and "For unto you is born …… a Sav- made an effort to preach Christ. iour which is Christ the Lord."

PERSIA

BY REV. WM. N. WYSHAM, Teheran, Persia T HE Persia of today is un- tical about it. At least the survey doubtedly changing. There is in the hands of competent Amerare evidences on all sides, and ican and German engineers, two these changes are sure to effect, good harbors are being built, and and ought to accelerate, the prog- the first shipment of rails for the ress of missionary work. In order terminals have just been landed.

to understand the missionary situa- Persia is entering a new era of tion in Persia, one must have some easy transportation and a constant knowledge of present developments welding together of every part of in the country. its large area, and because of this, Reza Shah Pahlevi, the new kind- along with the security from of Persia, is a powerful and for- brigands which the Shah has also ward-looking man. He has his provided through his well-drilled faults but, on the whole, is making army, the whole life of her people Persia constantly more self-reliant and missionary work for them are and is developing as rapidly as pos- sure to be deeply affected.

sible her great natural resources. The Shah's energy is also trans- In history he may be known as forming every city in Persia.

"The Great Road Builder." Old Nearly everywhere one goes, the roads have been widened and made inhabitants point proudly to their suitable for motor traffic; new new public park and to a wide roads have been built across des- avenue driven straight through erts and swamps and through giant the center of the city, regardless mountain barriers. Sections of of former streets and buildings.

.Persia where untold generations The avenue is usually named for have never seen a wheel are now the Shah or the Crown Prince and blessed with excellent motor roads. is but the beginning of a new sys- There are now two good roads clear tem of streets which, thanks to the across the country from two ports automobile, will soon replace nar- on the Persian Gulf to two other row, crooked alleys all over Persia.

ports on the Caspian, and the Shah Teheran, the capital, is really be- himself has just completed a tour ing transformed. There is a per- of inspection of every section of feet fever for widening streets, and these roads. He is constantly on the new neat brick fronts to shops the move all over the country and and dwellings have changed the has the habit of dragging reluctant whole aspect of the city and viziers along, telling them plainly ushered in a new building boom.

that they must see the poverty and Hundreds of laborers are making decay of the outlying districts and a new easy-grade boulevard to the work out remedies for them, in- mountains to the north where the stead of writing letters from arm- summer colonies are located, and chairs in Teheran. When one sees giant passenger buses, operated by all this, the long-promised railroad a Danish company, run to all parts across Persia seems assured, of the city. One wonders where though most Persians are still scep- the money comes from for all these 433 2

physical improvements, but at least were completely under the power work is being provided for thou- of the ecclesiastics now welcome sands. Teheran is already being new ideas. The Persian leaders of called the future Paris of the Mid- Islam must realize all this, and per- dIe East, and Persia has probably haps the most astounding thing not experienced such changes since about Persia's transformation is the palmy days of Darius. the fact that the Shah not only de- But changes of custom are the crees such changes but openly af- most startling of all, and here, too, fronts the ecclesiastics without any the Shah is in the forefront. He noticeable resistance on their part.

has ordered that all men, except a As yet the women are behind the limited number of Moslem ecclesi- men and Persia still has the veil, astics who must pass theological but surely not for long. The de- examinations, shall wear a Euro- cree abolishing it may come at any pean short coat and the Pahlevi hat. time. Already it is understood -a stiff cap with visor much like that women who voluntarily take the cap of a railroad conductor in off the veil will not be molested by America. Collars so far are op- the police, and more and more are tional and only the most modern quietly doing so. If an alteration elect to wear them. This order has in the costume of men has been so apparently been obeyed every- revolutionary, what may we ex- where, though doubtless with sore- pect when Persian women throw ness of heart on the part of many, off their badge of inferiority and especially the thousands of former come out of their seclusion?

ecclesiastics now shorn of their A New Era for Missions garb and their former easy income.

Even from Azarbaijan in the It takes little imagination to northwest, always a contumacious realize that missionary work in province, comes word that, though changing Persia is facing a new the order caused serious riots at era. Will it be more difficult in first, everyone is now sUbmitting the future to proclaim the Gospel like a lamb. On the surface, a in Persia or not? Will Persia imi- mere change of costume seems of tate Turkey in an intense national- no importance, but psychologically ism which seems to exclude Chris- the effect is tremendous. Gone for- tianity, or will she welcome the ever are the turban, the ample Gospel as one of the great aids to robes, the green girdle of the direct her new life? Some of us at work scion of Mohammed, in many cases here feel we have strong reason for the beard, too, for a flowing beard believing that, because of the fun- looks ridiculous with the new cos- damental courtesy and good-will tume. All this means a loss of of the Persian people, something much that is picturesque, but it at least approximating the latter means also a definite break with situation will face us, though we the past and, most important of realize that we· must take every ad- all, a terrific blow at Islam and its vantage of present opportunities prestige, for all the past is summed before infidelity and materialism up in Islam. Somehow, too, the get in their deadly work.

new costume seems to give to men In the fall of 1927 many pre- a new feeling of liberty and desire dicted that we were about to repeat for progress, and thousands who the experience of mission schools

CHANGING PERSIA

in Turkey in the relation of our tory. Certainly evangelistic work schools to the Persian government. has not diminished and there is a The Ministry of Education had new confidence in us on the part made definite demands that our of government authorities, and a program conform absolutely with new spirit of cooperation with our that of the government schools, schools, both of which appear to that we teach Moslem law and the be lasting and which ought to en- Koran, and give up the teaching able mission schools to continue to of the Bible. While conferences lead the way in educational method were going on with the govern- and in the training of the men and ment, we faced a most difficult sit- women who will be the future uation. Some local representatives leaders of the new Persia. of the government proved difficult Powerful factors in this training to deal with and in December, will be the American College for 1927, three American schools in men and the Sage College for the Hamadan district were closed women, both located in Teheran. by government order and our The former is already an instituschools in Tabriz were kept Qpen tion of 400 students, including the with the greatest difficulty. Pros- preparatory grades, and owns a pects were' black, but negotiations campus of 60 acres, located in the continued, and after s eve r a 1 finest section of the city, immemonths the closed schools were re- diately adjoining the new Pahlevi opened and classes were graduated boulevard. It has a growing facas usual. Finally, just before the ulty of American men, though opening of schools in the fall of many needed places are still va- 1928, a working agreement was cant, one beautiful new main reached by which all mission building, and only one dormitory, schools in Persia, both British and crowded to the very windows with American, were to adopt the gov- the beds of students who have come ernment program after a reason- from all over Persia. In 1928 the able interval for adjustment. It two first graduates received the was agreed that pupils should pre- A.B. degree, and the class of 1929 pare for examinations in the Mos- will be larger. The interest in lem law and Koran in their homes, Christianity among the Moslem and the Bible was not to be used students is strong and a steady as a textbook in the classroom, stream of them confess Christ and though our schools were left free enter the Teheran church. In to use selections from the Bible in order to do its best work, however, all their teaching, chapel exercises the college is in dire need of a were not interfered with, and larger faculty and of funds for new Christian work among pupils could buildings and general expenses, go on as before. On this basis we for with its remarkable prestige, have carried on educational work it must keep ahead of the growing all over Persia this school year and educational program of the Persian pupils of missionary schools have government. the same rights and privileges as Through the generosity of Mrs. those in government institutions. Russell Sage, Persia will soon have There has been scarcely any diffi- a college for women as well. Some culty and most schools are having of the money left by her will for perhaps the best year in their his- missionary work has been reserved

for this memorial to her. An ex- everywhere the medical work is cellent piece of land has been pur- linked up closely with evangelistic chased in Teheran near the college effort. The C. M. S. missionaries for men, and ground has just been have especially emphasized this, broken for the first building-an and the churches in the south have attractive dormitory for Persian been built up largely through the girls. College work is already be- hospitals. The church in Isfahan, ing given in the Girls' High School comprising the largest group of Moslem converts in Persia, is a and when Persian women are really monument to this healing ministry. emancipated, a full-fledged college In the north, the same is true in with a beautiful campus will be Kermanshah and the shrine city ready for them. Here, also, in of Meshed, where there are no dormitory and classroom the Chris- schools, and Meshed especially is tian Gospel is lived and taught, evangelizing a large field by regand perhaps no influence in Persia ular medico-evangelistic itineratoday has greater possibilities for tion. Missionaries are thankful the molding of future generations that the science of medicine is making rapid progress in Persia than the new Sage College for and new government hospitals are Women. being established in many cities, but these can never take the place In many other cities of Persia, of those who heal in the name of mission schools for boys and girls Christ. Within the last week the are being conducted by both the writer has heard of two cases in British C. M. S. and the American the same mission hospital where Presbyterian Mission, which di- both patients used the word vide the whole field of Persia be- "angels" in speaking of those who tween them, the former in the cared for them there. One was a south and the latter in the north. Moslem woman who was com- Armenian, Assyrian, Jewish, Zo- pletely puzzled at the vast differroastrian and Moslem Persian chil- ence between her treatment in the dren attend them. Many will go mission hospital and a former exout to form the backbone of the perience in a Persian institution new church of Persia. Those who until an evangelist read to her the do not confess Christ will learn to story of Christ, and then the light know Him and will take places of broke upon her. The other was a leadership in government offices, Zoroastrian man who desires to bein business, in the professions and come a Christian entirely as a rein the homes of the country by rea- sult of what in his illness he exson of a more thorough training perienced of Christian love. and a higher idealism than those in non-Christian schools. At pres- An Astonishing Contrast ent the schools are probably more There are new opportunities for effective than any other form of school and hospital in changing mission work in Persia, and as Persia, but in direct evangelistic Persia changes, their influence work the contrast of the present should deepen. with the past is nothing short of amazing. To fully understand the Medical work of some kind is present situation, one needs to recarried on in all the fourteen centers of missionary endeavor in Persia. In nearly all of these stations there are hospitals, and

CHANGING PERSIA

member that Persia is 98 % a Mos- It aroused a furore of opposition; lem country, with all the fanati- he was arrested, nearly killed, and cism and intolerance that this finally taken to the border of means. Islam is the national reli- Mesopotamia and exiled. Later he gion, and freedom of religion has found his way back into Persia, no legal status. Men have been and only a few weeks ago sent the killed for becoming Christians in writer a telegram from Isfahan: Persia, in entire conformity with "I received Christian baptism Moslem law. Danger to life, inces- yesterday," with a Moslem name sant persecution, social ostracism, signed. A few years ago such a economic boycott-these are weap- message would have been refused ons to make the bravest quail, and at the telegraph office; today no it is no wonder that few have had one even expressed surprise. the courage to confess Christ in Such freedom is of course posthe past and that it has been a sible even yet only in the larger herculean task to build the Church cities, but the result of recent of Christ. Nevertheless, in many itineration to smaller places also cities churches have been estab- offers a great contrast to two or lished, and men and women have three years ago. Not long since continued to fight against these an attempt by missionaries to do heavy odds. It is no wonder that medical work in a fanatical city in one of the earliest converts of them western Persia nearly occasioned all, now a grizzled veteran of a riot; today an evangelist and his Christ of thirty years' warfare, has wife are regularly stationed there, always made the coming of reli- and are quietly working without gious liberty to Persia the burden open opposition. Several times in of his prayer. Surely that prayer the past, missionaries have been is being answered today, for Mos- ejected from another city on the lem converts are showing remark- Caspian Sea near the Russian able boldness without molestation, border, but a missionary recently though many of the minor disad- spent several weeks there with a vantages of being "unclean" still Moslem convert and had an excelobtain. Scores of former Moslems lent response to his message. The have insisted on being registered province of Mazanderan on the as Christians in government rec- Caspian shore, hitherto shut off by ords. Recently three of them, en- high mountains, has recently been tering Teheran by automobile, joined to Teheran by one of the were required to give name and re- new motor roads mentioned and ligion at the city gate, as is the the people seem positively eager custom. The names were 100 % for the Gospel. An American and Moslem-Ali, Ahmad, and Khaleel a Persian evangelist in November -and the guard nearly fainted last held regular evangelistic meetwhen one after the other an- ings for a number of days in one nounced himself as a Christian. of the cities of the province, and He predicted dire consequences the crowds of men who came were when his report was handed in, only limited by the size of the meetbut nothing ever came of it. Less ing-place. Nearly a score confessed than three years ago a young man their faith in Christ and most of belonging to a prominent family them boldly announced that they of ecclesiastics became a Christian. had become Christians. From still

another province in the east the testimonies from Moslem converts report has just come that the peo- are finding their way by the hun- ple in one of its chief cities have dreds into the hands of Persians altered completely in their attitude everywhere. The inspiring spir- in two years, and the itinerating itual pilgrimage of one leader in missionary writes that this is due the Persian church, written by to recent medical tours there and himself a year ago without solicita- to the Pahlevi cap and other tion, has appeared also in English changes of custom. He says that in The Moslem World and may the hold of Islam on many, many soon appear in an African trans- people is broken and that the peo- lation for the Moslems of South ple nearly mobbed him in the Africa. Most of the new literature oazaar, not because he was a Chris- is evangelistic in character and in- tian, but to get copies of the free vites Persia fearlessly to Jesus Christian literature which he was Christ, but a large part of it also distributing. On this one trip has the Persian Church in mind, about 3,000 pieces of literature and new commentaries, a large were sold or given away-l,600 of Bible dictionary, and a history of them being the Sermon on the the early church written especially Mount. These trips perhaps rep- for Persians are now being pro- resent the actual founding of the duced by the inter-Mission com- Church of Christ in the three cities mittee.

mentioned. To build up this new Church of Christian literature is rapidly Persia is the ultimate goal of all assuming a more and more prom- missionary work in that land to- inent part in the evangelization of day and every effort is being made Persia. Hitherto it has been im- to make the building worthy of the possible to print Christian litera- Master Builder. Probably with- ture in Persia and dangerous to out exception every individual bring it in from the outside. More- church in Persia is prospering to- over, until three or four years ago day, and though the additions to there was no adequate literature, its membership are still slow, they except for a very few important are steady and sure. The eloquent books. Recently, however, the testimony of the Christian lives of missions have cooperated in an In- scores who grew up in Islam gives ter-Mission Literature Committee the lie forever to the old saying which, through the generous finan- that a Moslem cannot become a cial support of friends in England true Christian. Some churches and America, has been able to especially are developing a spirit pour forth a stream of new books of corporate worship and a capac- and pamphlets just in time to cope ity for self-government. In sev- with the longing of new Persia to eral churches educated young men read and to learn new things. To- predominate and give rich promise day Christian books of all kinds of Christian leadership for the fu- are being imported without any ture. It is still most difficult for hindrance, and non-controversial young women of the better class to pUblications are printed in Teheran confess their faith openly, but the without difficulty. Thus transla- baptism of a young girl of a well- tions of some of the best Christian known Moslem family just as this books in the world, and original article is being written is an

CHANGING PERSIA

earnest of what will occur many resurgence of reactionary Islam times when freedom comes to Per- with a resultant persecution of sian women. This girl, who will Christians can only stiffen the graduate in June, was baptized backbone of the church. Persia without her veil and states that has changed too much to make any she will never wear it again. such reaction serious. To the eyes of missionaries there is only one One of the. most promising char- danger which might seriously reacteristics of the Persian churches tard the rapid evangelization of is their growing interest in each this old land after a weary wait other and their desire for church from the time it first heard the unity. All missionaries are heartily Gospel soon after Pentecost. That cooperating in this and are trying danger immediately affects the not to let any possible differences readers of this article. The in government or worship, due to churches of Great Britain and their own Church of England and America seem to be faltering some- Presbyterian background, affect in what in their missionary giving the slightest degree a future united and interest. It would be a tragchurch of Persia. In the summer edy if the home base should to the of 1927 an all-Persia church con- slightest degree cut off the stream ference was held in Isfahan, which of money and men and prayer laid plans toward future union, flowing out to build up the Church and in the summer of 1928 a con- of Christ in Persia before this tinuation committee of four Per- brave church itself can gain numsian leaders of the church, two bers and strength enough to pour from the south and two from the north, conferred together in Te- through the great breach which heran. Missionaries did not attend changing Persia has made in the the meetings of this group, one of dykes of Islam and win the Mosthe results of which was the de- lem world to Christ. Most of us cision to open in a city hitherto cannot believe that this will hapunoccupied a new work staffed by pen. Surely the church of the Persians only. Thus was home west has vision enough to seize this mission endeavor born in Persia. first great opportunity for the Gos- pel since Omar, the general and The future of the Church of caliph of Islam, smothered an- Christ in Persia seems likely to other Christian church of Persia grow brighter for every change in thirteen centuries ago. the new Persia. Even a possible I went out to visit the mission fields of Asia and Africa, a victim of the prev- alent American uncertainity. It had been bred in me, as in many, by ignorance of the life of non-Christian peoples, lack of conviction of the power of Christianity, and an earnest desire, above all things, to be tolerant. I was determined to eliminate "heathen" and "heathenism" from my vocabulary. I resented that "holier than thou" sentiments of many of our missionary hymns. It was definitely arranged that I should write a series of articles upon my return, which would indicate the fundamental unity of all faiths and endorse the idea of their eventual synthesis.

But the articles were never written, "heathenism" went back into my vocabulary, and the missionary hymns, for the most part, are no longer offensive …… It was not made a condition of my going that I should change my mind. But it proved to be the unescapable consequence of the things I saw and heard. Out where the missionary works, the Christian Gospel is a matter of transformation. People are not comfortable. They are dying. Academic zeal is not an asset. The Christian preaches a gospel of redemption because he dares preach nothing else. He is calle<l 1m daily not to defend Christianit}', but to test i~. ~STANLEY HIGff,'

SUNDAR SINGH AT SABATHU·

BY DR. A. J. APPASAMY, Madras, India E1Jgli8h Editor oJ the Ohr-i8tian Literature Society jor India SADHU SUNDAR SINGH lives spell on him and Sabathu is in his now at Sabathu, on the top of beloved Panjab. Everywhere one a pine-clad hill. From his ver- sees the strong and stalwart Sikhs, anda are seen the Himalayas, ly- "the first to give their lives for re- ing range beyond range, eternally ligion or revolution," as he aptly the same and yet ever changing. describes them. Not a hundred On moonlight nights the hills slum- miles distant is his own native town ber like mighty giants wrapped in of Rampur, in Patiala State. dark robes. The clouds float all When I saw him five years ago day long, forming themselves in- he was living in a house, bought to innumerable shapes. On clear with bis father's money, near tbe days Simla, the summer capital of congested and noisy bazaar, but his India, is visible in the distance, ly- health has been so poor of late that ing like a 'small patch dotted with he has had to move into this quiet house in a healthy locality. He has white specks. Sundar Singh's house stands by presented the house near the bazaar itself, hedged off from the rest of to the devoted friends who nursed Sabathu by the "jungles" which him back to life dUring a serious Sundar Singh loves so well. At the illness. The present house was the bottom of the hill is a secluded spot property of the American Presbywhere a hyena lives; this hyena terian Mission which has closed its prowls about the neighborhood at work at Sabathu and sold the house night in search of food; once or to the Sadhu for a considerably retwice its cry has been heard near duced price. Dr. J. W. Peoples and the veranda. The nearest railway his family occupy one part of the house. Dr. Peoples is a medical station is Dharampore, ten miles away. Sabathu itself, 4,000 feet man and works in the Leper Asyabove sea-level, is a small military station, and its barracks and ba- lum near-by. zaars lie beyond hearing distance. The only sounds heard here are the In his rooms Sundar Singh keeps occasional songs of birds and the jingling of bells on pack-laden a few photographs of his friends. ponies as they trot along a neighboring road. His love of children explains the Sundar Singh has chosen Saba- presence in his room of copies of a thu as his home because this was the place from which he began his popular picture of Jesus sitting work as a sadhu in 1905. The Himalayas exercise an irresistible fasci- with children of different races. A nation over his mind. Their calm and peaceful heights have laid their Hindu girl in sari is on His lap; A • Condensed from The National Ohrlstian Chinese boy, a European girl and a CallnclJ Revillw, March, 1929. girl from the South Sea Islands stand near-by; an African boy sits down in front and gazes into the face of Jesus. On two small shelves there are a few books, some of them showing marks of careful study.

Sundar Singh's enemies have not b een it po.mt out that, in buy- S OW 0 440 ing a house, he has not lived up to money as possible on myself and his sadhu ideal. During the week am giving away the rest to God's I spent with him recently (October work."

24th to 31st) our conversation What Sundar Singh says now on turned on more than one occasion renunciation is quite in line with on this subject. This is the gist of what he has been saying all along.

what he said: "My ideal has never As to whether a man following the been renunciation for the sake of Sadhu ideal should own a house, renunciation. There is no merit even if his health should begin to attached to renunciation. Every- fail, is an open question. In his thing in the world has been created way of life Sundar Singh is still as by God, and whatever God has simple as before, wearing the created is good. The harm comes, not when we use God's gifts, but when we misuse them. Before my father died, he wanted me to buy a house. He also wanted to leave me some money, so that I could have something to fall back on in myoId age. ,I said that I would not live to old age and that I would need no money. But I found, after his death, that he had actually left me half his landed property and money. The land I have relin- quished to my brother. With some of the money I have bought this house and the rest is in a bank. I· have written a will to the effect that this money and house should be used for missionary work in Tibet and in the Himalayas, for the education of poor children and for SADHU SUNDAR SINGH the giving of prizes for knowledge of the Bible. I have never asked simples clothes and eating plain anyone for money, but the money food.

has come unasked. It has been of Though the Sadhu is not yet great use during months of serious forty, he began his active career illness and consequent weakness. twenty-three years ago, while his But I am sure that, if I had not had physical powers were not fully de- any money, my loving Father veloped. During these years he has would have provided for me. The travelled much and worked hard.

disciples were not given any money At times he has been put to unusual at first. When they had learned the hardship and suffering. He has lesson that God would provide for literally poured himself out. As he their need, they were allowed to says, "It is better to burn quickly handle money. Such has been my and melt many souls than to burn experience. When I had no money, slowly and not melt any." Constant there was not one occasion when I public work is exhausting. On his had to suffer. I am using as little tours even the kindness of

friends, he points out, was killing, him in debate. He brought with for after a day full of meetings, him two or three people to witness they would beg him to join in some his triumph. Sundar Singh allowed social function and to sit up late. him to talk as long as he liked. The This strain is now bearing its fruit. quiet way in which he listened gave He has constant trouble with his the Arya Samaj preacher the im- heart. Sundar Singh is now unable pression that he was winning an to undertake long journeys and easy victory. After he had said constant speaking engagements. all that he wanted to say, Sundar His stores of energy have become Singh said quietly, "I cannot argue much curtailed and he has to hus- with you. But this is my personal band them as best as possible. His experience." Then in a few words declining health has imprinted it- he related his personal experience.

self on his personal appearance to And those who had come corrob- this extent-the beard has begun orated the Sadhu's words and said to grey and a bald patch has ap- that they had known the Sadhu peared. Otherwise he looks the personally and that all that he said same as before. was true. The Arya Samaj preach- But it is not in Sundar Singh to er retired in confusion.

keep quiet. The passion for work Sundar Singh is now spending consumes him still. His quiet re- some of his time in literary work.

treat has its carefully regulated So far five little books have been life. He goes out every month on published, At the Master's Feet short preaching tours. When he (published in 1923), Reality and stays at home he is busy with Religion (1924), The Search after prayer and meditation, correspon- Reality (1925), Meditations on dence, personal interviews and Various Aspects of the Spiritual literary work. His prayer and . Life (1926), and Visions of the meditation occupy a considerable Spiritual World (1926), With and share of his time. "Peace has been Without Christ (1929). All these the greatest tonic in my weakness. books are written with the Sadhu's Life is sometimes unpleasant on ac- characteristic simplicity and earn- count of constant ill-health, but estness. They have been translated never unhappy." This peace arises into thirty-two languages. Sundar from that external and objective Singh himself realizes that he is no Reality, God. "How, otherwise," writer but his impaired health and he passionately asks, "can this ex- the numerous letters of encourage- perience have continued with me all ment about his books lead him to these years? Several philosophers set forth in writing his message.

have been thinking hard for years, Sundar Singh writes his books first but have never attained peace. How in Urdu, and translates them into can the mere fact of dwelling upon English with the help of some the idea bring about such a re- friend. His latest volume tells sult ?" some of his personal experiences.

He receives a number of visitors, If there is any change in Sundar who consult him about their spirit- Singh it is a deeper absorption in ual difficulties. Once he had a the After-life. Thus he i1l giving strange interview. An Arya Samaj expression to that other worldli- preacher came with the deliberate ness, which has all along been the intent of winning a victory over leading trait of his character.

A TIGER KLOOF LOOM WHEltE AL'RICAN GUlLS LEAIlN TO

CHRISTIAN INDUSTRIAL TRAINING IN SOUTH AFRICA BY REV. A. J. HAILE,* M.A., Vryburg, Cape Province PdUC·jPfll of the 1''ir/rr Kl(Jof Natil Jc InsUtution South African theory and prac- has yet said what "their own lines"

tice are curiously at variance in are. The merchant and shop this important question of the eco- keeper are certainly doing their nomic value of the native people. utmost to see that they develop While many white South Africans along their lines. Even the most are shouting that we must segre- rabid negrophobist admits that the gate the natives, even banish them native's money smells sweet, and to the north of the Zambezi or to all our pet theories of color bars, South West Africa, not one is pre- the elimination of competition bepared to dispense with his own tween white and black, the "keepnative servants in house, farm, fac- ing of the native in his place" and tory or shop. We say they must be so forth, are being ruthlessly kept in their Reserves "to develop smashed by the one inevitable ecoalong their own lines," but no one nomic law, which is that money, • Tht~ '''Titer of thiR artipl" has to p1(,:111 trade and commerce know no color i.L:1l0rnlle~ of nllY fir~L-llfllUl kllowll::'dge of Afrie~l Borth (,f the ZHmhp7.i, hut wHlliu the terJ"itorh'~ bar.

Ilf the Uuioll , the adjae(>Jlt. l'rotectOl'utcs, ~JH~ Below the surface great forces Southern Rhouesia. uf wInch he hl~S. falrl) intimate knowlt~dge, ample opportuIllties ~r(' provided for studying itt part10 the ~ndu8trltll are at work, of far greater import . «3 problems that either exist today or Wlll emer~c than Acts of Parliament, and these verY soon in other part-s of Africa.-A. J. H.

forces we are beginning to under- sees that the white man, say in the stand. We owe much to the Eco- mining industry, believes that the nomic and Wages Commission of native, as he progresses, will be 1925, whose report is not very prepared to do the same work as widely known, but whose findings he does at substantially lower are guiding the policy of even re- wages, thereby lowering the whole luctant legislators. We also owe white standard of living. The naan immense debt to the J ohannes- tive on the other hand is conscious burg Joint Council of Europeans of his own growing ability to do and Natives. A few simple facts much the same work as the white are emerging, so simple that we man. He resents the barriers to wonder we have ever gone against his progress; he seeks to organize them. They are such facts as his fellows in an Industrial these-that the higher the native and Commercial Workers' Union. develops, the greater will be the "There is substance," says Mr. opportunities for white civilization Butler "in both the white man's itself, that in the natives we have fear and in the native's grievance." millions of potential consumers, That is where the problem lies: that from the economic standpoint we have to seek for a modus coit pays to, give the natives as much operandi. Mr. Butler sees no royal education as they can reasonably road to a solution, but he does see, take, because (on the most mate- for one thing, that things must be rialistic basis) if they cannot be done both on the land and in the trained to earn a decent living, cities. We believe that agrarian they cannot consume the white reform is essential, and this must man's goods. It is also becoming include the parcelling-out of land apparent that the native must re- to native tenant farmers, to take ceive greater remuneration for his the place of the now dead and alwork. In South Africa we have most buried policy of segregation. been fighting against these "nat- Also we have to bear in mind that ural" laws and we are now begin- in spite of all color bars which the ning to see the folly of it. Civili- Government and public opinion zation is one and our job is so to may seek to impose, the capable educate the native that he may be native industrial worker will althe best possible citizen of the ways be sure of his job. The state. I emphasize the economic Wages Board is also tackling the aspect in particular, because that is problem and its chairman has said what this paper deals with. The "Industry has been organized with Economic and Wages Commission the native as an established factor Report states "The ultimate des- in it. Economic laws apply to him tiny of the majority of native just as much as they do to Euro- peans, and it would be idle to try people is to be absorbed in and as- and isolate him economiCally from similated to the economic system the European worker." which Europeans have introduced." The Filling In of the Gap Another friend of South Africa has recently been studying our One of the great problems in problems-Mr. Butler, Deputy Di- South Africa today is the filling in rector of the International Labor of the gap between skilled and un- Office at Geneva, and he, too, has skilled labor. It is entirely neceshelped to clarify our thinking. He

CHRISTIAN INDUSTRIAL TRAINING IN SOUTH AFRICA

sary to fix steps that will enable God, so that his life may be lived natives to pass from one stage to to the glory of God. The various the other. Generally speaking, means of developing his manhood Europeans start on the higher and his usefulness must then be grade. sought out, and from the industrial It is in this particular sphere, in point of view we must ever, if we the no-man's-land between skilled view Africa as a whole, give first and unskilled labor, that I see a place to agricultural training. The great future for the trained native problem of agricultural education artisan, supplying chiefly the needs is fundamental for all races every- of his o.wn more enlightened peo- where. Wealth comes from the ple. Especially will this be so in land. This is being more and more urban areas. Taxation demands recognized in African native de- work, for work means wages: velopment, and from several hence the drift to the towns where schools agricultural demonstrators great native communities are are being turned out. There is too, springing up. Under these new a response to it which is indeed conditions there is a growing de- encouraging in the more enlight- mand for an improved style of liv- ened districts of South Africa. The ing, and this IS the opportunity for Government of the Union, the Im- the skilled artisan. There is no perial Government in the Protec- exactly similar process in the great torates and the Government of Reserves, but there again the gen- Southern Rhodesia are without eral influence of civilization is to- doubt aware of the importance of wards the purchase and use of improved land and stock training European commodities. for the natives. Native agricul- Industries to the Glory of God tural shows are being encouraged and definite instruction is being Bearing in mind this filling in given in moderate methods of cul- of the gap, this building of a bridge tivation and management and care of capable industrial workers by of stock. If it is impossible at this means of whom the native people late date to add greatly to the area themselves will be helped to pass of native reserves, it is certainly over, without losing their foothold, incumbent upon the governments into modern civilization, we now concerned to see that present hold- ask ourselves-What kinds of in- ings are beneficially used. Again dustrial training are most useful? we would emphasize that in the It is still the privilege of missions last resort, there is only one kind in general to have a large share in of civilization in these matters, and the shaping and carrying out of to leave the natives in their areas policies of native education. Our to "develop along their own lines"

time is not past. Let us then lay would only mean, if it meant any- it down, in the first place, that the thing at all, a reversion to barba- aim of Christian education is to rism, to the lasting hurt of the discover and develop to their full- whole country.

est extent, the physical, mental and After agriculture, what ought spiritual resources of the native we to teach? Simple native crafts for the good of the whole commu- are not enough. European trades, nity. First and foremost must be European products, are in the the keeping of his eyes fixed upon ascendant. Moreover, the natives

themselves are opposed to the re- only recognized technical training vival of purely native crafts as be- ground is the Industrial Institu- ing an insidious attempt "to keep tion. But the teaching of these them down." Older native indus- trades is expensive. I suppose all tries of real value are being ousted the missions at work in South by cheap European productions- Africa would subscribe to the view clay pots, for instance, give way to that industrial training is of the paraffin and petrol tins and enamel greatest value, but, except for a dishes. few notable exceptions, they have Everywhere civilization is on the concentrated on teacher-training march. In our review of the eco- as being less expensive alld more nomic position of the native, we simple. Those who undertake to have seen that his developme~t is train apprentices are constantly more and more along the lines of faced with the need for capital out- modern European life and it is· lay and the handicap of restricted certain therefore that he will be at- markets.

tracted to those trades and crafts I have the honor to be at the which will most help him in this head of a Christian Institution developm.ent. Such trades are which lays emphasis upon indusbuilding, carpentry, tailoring, shoe- trial training, and there is no making, tinsmithing and wagon- doubt that the better we train our making. Motor-mechanics is no- apprentices the more likely they where "taught," but it has been are to work for their own people "picked up" in a remarkable and and assist in the process of filling rapidly increasing manner. If the in the gap and leading them across native artisan lives in a fairly to a more civilized type of life. backward native reserve, his labor We missionary educationalists are of whatever kind, is not valued in often accused of training natives money unless he is paid by the to take the bread out of the white Government or the Mission, and he man's mouth, but I would urge that finds his own people are the worst it is the master of the untrained payers. Under their communal low-paid boy who depresses trade, system of life, they are unaccus- while the trained native artisan tomed to paying cash to members wants above everything else to be of their own family or clan; but "on his own" and thus he matemodern living requires cash re- rially assists in that civilizing procmuneration. The greatest progress ess which means better markets therefore today in European crafts and more money. among the natives is undoubtedly taking place in the urban areas, A few years ago I undertook a amongst the more or less detribal- census of the fifty apprentices who ized people, where we find a grow- had left Tiger Kloof Institution ing body of native artisans. Where within recent years, having comare these men being trained? pleted their course in one or other There is no recognized trade ap- of our trade departments. The prenticeship system for natives in following figures of that census are South Africa. Many of them just illuminating: pick up their trades, as the me- 27 were working at their trades, at or chanic does, by contact with Euro- near their own homes; pean life, as best they can. The 13 were working at their trades, but

192!l] CHRISTIAN INDUSTRIAL TRAINING IN SOUTH AFRICA

away from their own homes, in in- would be no sense in trying to ap- dustrial cenh'es; prentice progressive boys to such 5 were not wOl'king at their trades ; "industries." At the same time, 2 had died; while our industrial development 3 were 110t traced, is undoubtedly along EUropean lines, we must proceed slowly, Of the forty working at their avoiding expensive plant and matrades, thirty-three were "on their chinery, and keep pace with the own," or in company with other development of native life. We natives, while four were working should concentrate on those trades for white men, two for Malays and which are of most use. The nearer one (a colored boy, as distinct they are to the real needs of the from a native) for the Govern- people, the better. We at Tiger ment.

'l' HE NATIVE INSTITUTION, BUILT BY STL"DENT APPRENTICES, AT TIGER Kr.OOF The Method of Training Kloof are pioneers in tanning and leatherwork, for instance, and I Economic laws compel us, if we can certify to the value of this are to teach industries at all, to trade as being very close to native teach those industries which we life. The natives have always may call European. I see no fu- dealt in stock, and have alas! lost ture, in South Africa at any rate, innumerable quantities by disease for indigenous native crafts except and poverty. It opens up great as useful forms of handwork, in possibilities for them to be able to schools, for the training of eye and make leather and work it up into hand. Pottery, basketwork, clay veldtsehoens, sandals and boots, modelling, string-making from aloe harness and saddlebags, indeed an fibre, penknife and chisel work on almost unlimited variety of useful bones and wood, all these have an articles. educational value in elementary school work, but they have prac- In laying down the principles of tically no commercial value. There industrial education in ollr schools,

we have to correlate very carefully aim of agriculutral and industrial the educational and commercial training in those parts of Africa aims of the work. Let me take an where transportation facilities are instance from tailoring-If you at present almost non-existent, and turn out a boy who is simply a where markets are scarce? Why good trouser-hand, if you keep him teach people to raise more and at trousers day in and day out in better crops when already they order to fulfill certain business have enough for their own needs contracts, you not only make him and cannot dispose of a surplus?

dissatisfied (he has paid fees to be What about African girls? A vast taught his trade), but you defeat question this.

your own aim, for he goes out un- These and many other matters able to make anything but trousers are pressing for a solution. We and he has perforce to become a have only been able here to deal mere tool in the hands of some with some of the problems facing ready employer. But if you give us in the more advanced areas of him a full course of instruction in South Africa. It is quite certain his trade from A to Z, over a peri- that the Mrican is slowly but sure- od of, say, four years, and teach ly entering into civilization as we him how 'to measure, order, cut, know it. Though the influence of sew, tryon, and in the end turn a missionary industrial institution out a decent article and render a may be as nothing compared with thoroughly business-like account, the vast civilizing influence of a you have educated him up to his great town; though the influence trade. No doubt this means to of missionary teachers, scattered you a loss in the possible revenue here and there, may be as nothing of your tailoring department, for compared with the daily contact of you have to cut out piece work, you black and white in the shop, the have to stand the loss of spoilt gar- home, the factory and on the farm, ments and slow work, and you have yet it is indeed a great and chal- to release boys from practical work lenging task that confronts us, to and give them time for theoretical have in our hands the training of instruction, but you have the satis- the few who will be the leaders of faction of knowing that you have their people. Under strong Chris- not subordinated the educational tian influence, under the discipline aims of your department to the of a school, in daily contact with claims of commerce. Industrial teachers whose sole job it is to do training then must be definitely the best they can for the uplift of theoretical, as well as practical, their pupils-all this is bound to and it must be "all round." tell in the long run, and under the There are many other questions guidance of God, we believe we worth discussing under the head of shall find some day that we have industrial training, but space for- been able to build up at any rate a bids. We may mention only a few. few native industrialists on a solid What, for instance, should be the basis of character and efficiency.

A MODERN PROPHETESS,IN MADAGASCAR·

BY ELLEN GOTZSCHE I N THE Acts of the Apostles panies have arranged extra trips we read that the Evangelist across the long country road to her Philip had four unmarried little village, and hundreds have daughters who prophesied. Thus gathered about her hut. The coun- it was not unknown even in the try folk cling to her with un- early church, that women expound- bounded confidence.

ed God's Word and witnessed of In the Protestant Christian cir- the salvation in Jesus Christ. cles in Madagascar, she is regarded In far off Madagascar there has as a servant of the Lord-a proph- beel;l, during the last half year, etess, filled with the Spirit of God much talk about such a "prophet- and working for the salvation of ess." Below the awful mountain souls with an ardor and power Ambondrombe, where the super- coming from her inner life of faith stitious people say that the spirits in the Lord. She has a gift of of the dead ·have their dwellings, guiding, supporting and lifting up in southern Madagascar, lies a lit- which is truly a gift of God's grace.

tle country town. Here in an or- Ravelonjanahary lives like other dinary hut, lives a plain Christian ordinary country people, in a hut woman, now sixty years old, who built of sun – dried brick and from her youth has been a faithful thatched with grass. She rises up and respected worker in the Lon- at dawn, puts her house in order, don Mission and a friend of the works her little plot of ground for mIssIOnaries. She is little, but her support, and when she has fin- strongly built. The years and work ished her work is she ready to re- have marked her brow with deep ceive those who come to consult wrinkles. Her hair is gray; but her. She accepts no gifts or com- her eyes have a clear and penetrat- pensation of any kind!

ing look. It is a common belief, There is no fUrniture in the room that she looks right into people's where she talks with the sick. Only hearts and she has a peculiar a few Bible pictures on the wall, ability of getting hold of their some mats woven of grass on the deepest secrets. floor, and rolled up in a corner During the last few months the stands her mat which becomes her whole island from north to south couch at night.

and especially the capital city has A part of her work is done in been busy talking about this wom- the little chapel of the London Mis- an, Ravalonjanahary. The news- sion, only twenty-four feet by papers have published long articles twelve, where she can receive only about her and sent special corre- 30 to 40 patients in a day. A larger spondents to her. Snapshots have room is being built near her dwell- been taken of the crowds that have ing.

sought help from her. Motor com- When the sick enter, their names ~nish missionary contributes this in- are written down and they are tensely interesting article to the Danisk Mis- treated in the order of their com- 8ions1Jlad. C. T. BENZE.

449 3

ing, without respect of persons. tercedes for and prays with the Hundreds may wait for months, sick and sings hymns. She asserts before their turn comes. Small, that the angels sometimes sing poverty – stricken dwellings are with her.

built on the hill-side for the pil- Those present have reported grims to dwell in and here, even in that, at the time of her treatments, the rainy season, live people who the very air seems charged with in their own homes are accustomed power. It often happens that the to every comfort. They have come sick burst into tears and their merely to talk with Ravelonjana- sympathizing friends are deeply hary. Many, especially those who stirred. Many physically sick are had nervous afflictions, have gained healed, but especially those whose health of body and soul under her afflictions come from nervous dis- calm, loving and beneficent influ- orders. There are printed and cer- ence. tified reports to this effect. Others Ravelonjanahary always treats seem to improve at first and then to the sick singly and she is never relapse into the previous condition.

hurried. For a few moments she But it cannot be denied that, when looks into their faces with her pen- it comes to spiritual results, there etrating glance without saying a are many conversions, many a- word. Then she asks a question, wakenings of believers to a new sometimes many; but all are di- life, many workers who are seized rected to the one thing, that the with a new and burning longing sick should get a clear idea about for the salvation of souls.

their relation to Jesus Christ and A number of Christian ministers faith in Him. Only after that does from Tananarive, the capital, trav- she begin to ask about illness and eled to Ravelonjanahary and stayed tells how it will turn out. She near her for a whole week. They takes the greatest pains to assure observed her mode of action,took the patients, time after time, that part in her meetings, had conver- she can do nothing of herself, that sations with her and prayed with Christ alone can heal. Repentance, her. They returned home strongly confession of sins, a living faith in impressed with what they had seen Him,-that is the only way to sal- and heard, and new life started in vation both for soul and body. several congregations of the cap- Ravelonjanahary has a rare gift ital.

for understanding the character of Quietly and unassumingly this the sick and very often she makes woman leads her life and brings surprisingly clear observations in many to Jesus Christ. Once in a these matters, while quietly and While she preaches publicly and gently talking of the salvation of then she is dressed in a long white souls. Thus she leads exceedingly dress over which she wears the many from the life in the world to pretty striped native garb. With the life in God. In the case of the open Bible in her hand she bodily ailments she often follows bears witness to the Saviour. Her the Lord's example, to prove their entire activity is consecrated to faith, by sending them to the near- 4 His glory. She seeks nothing for est brook or dam and commanding herself. It is to be hoped that she them to wash the affected part in may retain her real humility until the water. As a rule she both in:" the close of her life.

OF' THE PIG~lIES"

A POLO was a boy in Uganda and tell your master that God's in the days of Alexander messengers were often killed in . Mackay and the early Ugan- days gone by, but it did not stop da martyrdoms. Impressed by the other messengers from taking courage of the martyrs, he, too, their places; tell him that I cannot became a Christian. His adven- cease." Then the king, in a rage, turous journeys took this African sent men with cords to bind him.

missionary farther and farther Apolo quietly asked leave of his west, till at last he crossed the captors to tell them about God's great Ruwenzori Mountain to the love. Spellbound, they listened; vast pygmy forest beyond where then they rose and cut his cords dangers and adventures awaited and returned, saying: "Apolo is him. doing no harm; he is only teaching The storm broke with a ven- the people that God loves them; geance. One poor, deserted woman we could not bring him."

whom Apo}o had protected, had be- Then the king sent his prime come a Christian. The priests minister, with a fresh bodyguard, cursed with terrible oaths any who led Apolo, manacled, to the other WOmen who should become king's quarters. There he was Christian. The king, a weak and stripped naked, and thrashed with vicious chief, proclaimed that he twenty lashes from a hippopotawould give a large present to any- mus hide whip. The lash made its one who would burn Apolo's house way through the skin and cut cruel to the ground with Apolo inside. wounds in his flesh. Weak, and Very soon, as Apolo knelt in sick with pain, he was driven to prayer within his hut one night, he his house, where he lay for days in heard whispers outside, and then agony. When he recovered, he the pungent smell of smoke came summoned the people again to the drifting through the walls. He small church which he had built. quietly prayed on. Suddenly there They came, and he taught them was a shout, and a body of men and prayed with them fearlessly as broke into the house, now blazing before. from thatch to floor, and dragged him outside. Spears gleamed in The worst was now to come. He the firelight, yet none laid a finger was once more captured and bound. on him. They led him away to the This time the king was determined king. "Why did you not kill him ?" to kill him. Lash after lash fell he roared. They replied, "We were upon Apolo's naked body, until at afraid." last he tottered and fell uncon- scious. Then the order was given For a time he was unmolested. to take up the body and throw it Then the king, urged on by the into the long grass of the jungle. witch-doctors, again sent men to "For," said the king with a sneer, forbid him to preach, or he would "if life remains, it will not be long be killed. Apolo said to them: "Go before he is carried off by the wild beasts." So the stricken, bleeding so~r.~;. O~~~~~r.oi9~~~ London Missionary body was taken into the jungle, to 451

be a prey for the hyenas and wild- reading the Gospel story to the cats. people. When he saw the king, he But they had made their reckon- rose, and, with a cheerful smile, ing too soon. The Christian wom- welcomed him to the service.

an whom he had befriended stole Then a marvel happened. The out secretly into the jungle, to the king knelt humbly before the lonely spot where the body of her Christian whom he had tried" to teacher and friend lay pale, mo- murder, and begged for forgive- tionless and bleeding. She knelt ness. He asked that he, too, might and wept beside it. It should at become a reader, and promised to least have decent burial. Suddenly, help the work with all his power.

to her intense joy, there was a Apolo took the king's hands in his, flickering movement of the body. and lifted up his heart and his "He is alive; he is alive!" she voice to God in prayer and thanks- whispered to herself. Quickly she giving. Praise rose from that ran to a stream and brought water grass-built sanctuary to heaven, to bathe his face and wash his where "the angels of God rejoice wounds. She carried him, with al- over one sinner that repenteth."

most superhuman strength, to a Before long, there was another deserted hut on the edge of the feast in Mboga, when "Tabalo,"

forest, laid a fire of sticks, and the king, became "Paul," the serv- with soft fresh grass made a rough ant of God.

bed for him. Then she went A new church was soon built, stealthily to her own hut and for the people in scores were be- fetched food and water and fire. coming Christians; and when For many a long week in that Apolo called for volunteers for lonely hut she tended him secretly missionary work among the pyg- and carefully like a child, till grad- mies of the dark forest, they readi- ually his dreadful wounds were ly came forward. The pygmies healed, and his strength slowly re- know now of One kinder and bet- turned. When he was quite well ter than the cruel, strong "spirit again, he told her he must go back of the forest" who was worshipped and preach to the people once with offerings of honey and fruit more. She besought him with tears and meat in the hut-temples of the to fly secretly from Mboga. But deep forest fastness.

that was not Apolo's way.

One day he made a dramatic ap- Canon Apolo Kivebulaya (for he pearance in the village church, is now a Canon of the Church of calling the people to worship by England) is an old man, and beating the church drum which had known throughout all the Uganda so long been silent. There was no Church as a leader and a saint, but mistaking that sound. The whole he is today as humble and un- place was soon in a ferment. spoiled, cheery and unselfish as in "Apolo is risen from the dead," the day when he trudged up the was the cry. The king, trembling mountain-side of the Everest of with fear, wrapped his cloak a- Central Africa, with his knapsack round him and set out to the on his back, Christ at his side, and church to know the truth. He the great missionary adventure found everything as in the old still ahead of him in the dark pyg- days. Apolo, book in hand, sat my forest.

A CHURCH THAT IS NEEDED IN HAVANA

rrhe proposed Ullion Church blliluillg for the Christian worship and activities of . Evangelical foreign l'esidents ill I-Iavuuu TWO PATHS IN CUBA BY J. E. BUDD, New York "Moonlight, music, a fountain playing, live a group of American and Engflamingoes among the roses–where more lish boys and girls and business romance than the Casino Garden?" ….. men and women, their lives cast in a sunny but very tempestuous place "Free beverages distributed at shady morally. tables make the brilliant Tropical Gardens a pleasant place to linger." The appeal to the senses is so evident in Cuba and the tempta- "Connoisseurs of horse-racing turn tions are so glaring that it is out in full force for a thrilling contest strange that so little attention is of thoroughbreds under tropic skies." paid to the small handful of Chris- tians who are upholding higher "There is formal dancing at night in standards in the Union Church of the Casino, or you may choose to try Havana. In the mind of the Cuban, your luck at one of Havana's gaming the influence of an outstanding tables. A swift match of Jai-Alai, the Christian business man is of even Cuban national indoor sport, is exciting greater importance than that of a to watch and later you may like to look mission worker. Temptations are in at the famous 'Sloppy Joe's' and drink theirs in no abstract way. One has an El Presidente cocktail or sip a Da- only to pick up any folder describquin'i on one of the smart hotel roof ing this island to realize that it gardens."

T HESE are not advertisements for 1890 in the southern States but an attempt in 1929 to draw crowds to Cuba-two hours by airplane from Florida. The ap- peal is increasingly developed as means much for the boys and girls more and more money is being of the Union Church to devote spent on advertising for the tourist three hours every Sunday to defi- trade. In the midst of such a life nite Christian work. It means 453

definitely that they have chosen to together. Large publicity schemes be on the Lord's side. Christianity are at work to make Havana a sec- is no passive thing with them; they ond Monte Carlo. The Christian must definitely choose to spend forces in Cuba, foreign as well as time in ways that make for the for- native, cannot afford to slacken mation of the best habits. To them their efforts or to loose their hold; religious services and the work of they must roll up their sleeves and the Church is not sentimental talk, work hard for the moral and spir- not something into which they itual development of Cuba.

have drifted-but a reality. In 1925 the Union Church in The road to the Cuban Vanity Havana, seeing the need for new Fair leads on Sundays and in facilities, took an option on lots in leisure hours to swimming in one of the best residential sections waters of a lapis-lazuli hue, trop- of the city, in the center of the ical foliage, tennis, horse-racing, English-speaking population. The golf, dancing, drinking, gambling building program calls for three –a strange mixture of innocent units – a church, a community enjoyment and insidious vices, all building, and a minister's resi- surrounded by that charm of the dence. The money must be on tropics which holds a fascination hand for each separate unit before for wayfarers in a strange land. it is erected. Beauty is combined The other road is more difficult with efficiency, in order that the but it offers a challenge to mind work of the church may compare and spirit. Sunday is given over well with other work in the city, to the development of moral fibre, to hold the respect of Havana resi- worship of God and the teaching dents and tourists. Already $85,- of others through Bible classes, 000 has been raised to meet the week-day religious schools, and expense; the people of Cuba are young people's services. It is as making themselves responsible for though a voice said: "See, I have one fourth of the whole amount in set before you this day life and addition to carrying the running death, blessing and cursing; there- expenses. The Presbyterian Board fore, choose life, that both thou and of National Missions has voted thy seed may live." $30,000 for this $300,000 project The average business man in and others are asked to join in this Cuba is not interested in looking worthy undertaking. The Federal after his employees outside of busi- Council of Churches has agreed to ness hours. The way they spend cooperate. The Union Church of their lives outside is their own busi- Havana stands before the world as ness. But whose job is it to see an illustration of practical church that these young people are sur- comity. It is a real piece of inter- rounded by forces which develop national Christian friendship, a character? If thii' is neglected, veritable church League of Na- other forces, destructive in their in- tions. Its membership includes fluence, are working hard to cap- people from Canada, Ireland, ture the youth of Cuba. Large Wales, England, Scotland and Aus- American business interests, with tralia, from Germany and the increasing financial resources, are United States, Argentine Republic, backing the racing and the games France and Holland, from Spain, of chance which are closely linked Russia, Syria, Persia and China as

TWO PATHS IN CUBA

well as South America and Turkey. business man or woman, young Mr. Chappel, pastor of the church, man or woman away from home one day entered the room used by who either loses this habit or fails the Christian Endeavor to find to develop it, feels lost on his re- three Armenians, two young men turn to his home community. The and a woman, singing "My Coun- Union Church in Havana, because try 'Tis of Thee" with great feel- of its setting and the background ing. They had learned it at a mis- in which it is placed, pushes the sion school in the Near East. need of this emphasis vividly to Twenty-one of the male members the fore. It serves the Christian of their party had been massacred community in Havana but equally and the survivors, since they have those hundreds of scattered Chris- lost hope of going to the United tian groups in English-speaking States, are finding comfort and a lands all over the world to which home among the Christians of the Havana residents will even- Havana. tually return.

The Federal Council of Churches To the average American, Cuba recognizes that th~re is in Cuba no may mean only sugar plantations, up-to-date cooperative Christian absence of prohibition, palm trees, work-no union hospital, nurses' tropical climate or whatever may training center, no federated book interest the individual. To the store or paper, no union press, hotel men it means opportunity to seminary, school or college and no offer many physical pleasures to adequate meeting place for a civic the rich Americans seeking to es- or religious English-speaking or- cape the climatic conditions and ganization. The Union Church is laws in their own land. To the the firs~ enterprise of this kind in shipping men it stands for com- Havana, therefore a community petition in the growing tourist building will be erected first, with trade. To the eight thousand Eng- an assembly hall, dining room and lish-speaking men and women liv- adequate rooms for social fellow- ing in Havana, mostly young peo- ship under Christian auspices. ple, it means a land of milk and But the supreme reason for the honey with a great opportunity to Church is the need of a spiritual get ahead while living a gay life life for the English-speaking peo- socially but without spiritual re- ple of Havana. Worship of God straints. The Union Church of and strengthening of moral fibre Hava~a aims to offer a Christian in order to live a Christian life is home to the American and English the chief aim of the Union Church people in Havana, helping them to in Havana. Worship with a group avoid the pitfalls and temptations of people to whom one feels a nat- and to develop strength of char- ural kinship is of great value to the acter and usefulness in Christian individual and to society. The service.

~~I PRAYED to God to take me and use me. He lifted me up and showed me the world. I saw oceans separating different countries, different colors of skin separating people; but to God the world . was one big ball. There were no differences to him. I learned to love the whole world, because I saw I was a citizen not of one country but of the whole wide world."-Mrs. Sugino. (Woman's Missiooory Friend.)

BAINBRIDGE-MISSIONARY

BY REV. A. H. McKINNEY, D.D., New York ~"'uperint('ndcnt of the New York CUy JrIissiQ11. Society I NA VERY marked degree Mrs. foreign mission work. She visited Lucy Seaman Bainbridge was a many parts of the United States and world-wide missionary. Her in- was very active in stimulating interest terest in foreign missions was not among young women going out in misonly extended, but very intense and sion work to devote their lives to the prolonged until the end of her earthly Master's service at home and abroad. pilgrimage on November 17, 1928, in her 88th year. Her devotion to her When more than seventy years of country was also intense and the riches age she again traveled around the of her varied experiences and the cli- world through Japan, China and across max of her eventful life were devoted the Trans-Siberian r ail r 0 a d, and to City Mission work. brought back a new message which she put into her book, "Jewels from In the enthusiasm of youth, at the the Orient." call of her country, Lucy Seaman volunteered as a war nurse. During the But Mrs. Bainbridge will be remem- Civil War, at City Point and other bered longest as a leader in City Misgreat battlefields, she helped care for sions. With her husband she engaged wounded soldiers behind the lines. in this work in Brooklyn where she Since her birthplace was Cleveland, was the organizer and later a developer Ohio, and her childhood and early girl- of the Woman's Branch of the Brooklyn hood days had been spent there, she City Mission Society. This was a was known as Sister Ohio. While preparation for the more difficult posinursing the wounded, she made the tion of Superintendent of the Womacquaintance of the honored Clara an's Branch of the New YQrk City Barton and of the revered Abraham Mission Society whose field of opera- Lincoln, and later with General Grant. tion was then south of Fourteenth She tirelessly devoted herself to the Street in Manhattan. This densely welfare of those who were struggling crowded, polyglot district, swarming to maintain the Union. Later, as the with new Americans from many parts wife of the Reverend William Folwell of th'e globe, is the most difficult for- Bainbridge, as teacher of large Bible eign missionary field in the world. classes, as an active worker in the Anyone who questions this statement Woman's Christian Temperance move- has but to consider seriously the conment, she did her full share for the glomerate mass of denizens of this moral and religious advancement of section of the metropolis. Here are her country. found people of diverse racial char- acteristics, diverse tongues, traditions, In 1867, with her husband, Mrs. outlooks and ambitions. Here is an Bainbridge traveled through Europe, unassimilated mass of human beings, Syria and Palestine. Later, when many of whom are intensely suspicious world mission visitation was seldom of all those who approach them in the made, she took a trip around the world, name of religion or citizenship, while studying the progress of missions in others are radically hostile not only to many out-of-the-way places in Asia, Christianity but also to American in- Africa and Europe, to see exactly stitutions. To win from this so-called what was being done. On her return "melting pot" those who will become home, impelled by a sense of over- followers of the Christ and usef.ul whelming duty, she wrote "Round the citizens of our country is a task that World Letters" and many articles on would phase any but a stalwart per- 456 sonality motivated by convictions New York," is an evidence not only based on knowledge of the great need of her large heartedness but also of on the part of those to be influenced her tact in dealing with unusual sitand on a reliance upon a power that uations. Through scholarships, which is beneficent as well as omnipotent. she secured for the benefit of young To this task Mrs. Bainbridge set her- people, she helped many to become inself unflinchingly. How well she per- fluential men and women. Annie was formed her part is evidenced by the one of these. A teacher of marked following excerpt in The City Mission ability who had a criminal father, an Monthly on the occasion of her resig- artist, an exceptional teacher of nation as active superintendent: "Bot h music, an editor coming up from great by her unusual executive capacity, by poverty, a writer, a lawyer and an her skill with tongue and pen, and by Italian lad who studied the life of her indefatigable industry, Mrs. Bain- Abraham Lincoln at night in his tenebridge was able to advance the work of the Society to a position which it never LUCY SEAMAN BAINBRIDGE before occupied. In all these years her influence among the missionaries, ment home and shined shoes on a ferry among the supporters of the Society boat during the day, but who lived to and among those for whom the So- have the prefix "Honorable" attached ciety is working, was powerful for to his name, all bear living testimony good, in season and out of season, to the success of her efforts. She took sometimes with considerable sacrifice a pet·sonal interest in those whom she on account of iII-health. Mrs. Bain- endeavored to help, and she had an bridge has always been loyal to her abiding faith in God. responsibilities and has discharged them most nobly. . . . .. In recognition Enthusiasm is a word with which of Mrs. Bainbridge's services, the to conjure and many use the term Woman's Branch has elected her as lightly. Enthusiasm means God in us. Honorary Superintendent." This indwelling more than anything else is the explanation of Mrs. Bain- In her work as leader of the Wom- bridge's brilliant sUccess in dealing an's Branch of the New York City with people. Her body was the temple Missions Society for over seventeen of God. She was His agent. Through years Mrs. Bainbridge manifested unusual zeal, courage and conviction. It was in her personal contact both with the missionaries and nurses whom she led and advised and also with the people whom she helped that she proved that her observation was keen, her knowledge of human nature great, her heart large and her capacity for dealing with tragic situations unusual. While she recognized the composite nature of people and endeavored to benefit them physically, mentally and socially, she always considered the spiritual as of the utmost importance and the development of character as the end to be aimed at in all efforts at betterment. She put fit·st things first.

The story of "Annie Laurie" as narrated by Mrs. Bainbridge in her volume, "Helping the Helpless in Lower

her He worked and to Him she gave seventy, three published volumes, the glory for all that was accom- "Helping the Helpless" (1917), "Jew- plished. els from the Orient" (1920), and Shortly after Mrs. Bainbridge en- "Yesterdays" (1924), represent her tered into the larger Life, one of a literary activity. Despite physical group of men remarked, "Isn't re- disability, by correspondence and per- ligion a curious invention 1" Instantly sonal interviews, she inspired many came the reply: "If you had had a to engage in more enthusiastic serv- mother like Dr. Bainbridge's mother, ice for humanity. Among many you wouldn't say that religion is an achievements she commissioned her invention." A calm review of this life son William Seaman Bainbridge, M.D., of more than eighty-seven years leads to make a missionary tour around the us to affirm that she made God real world in order to give physicians and to many persons in various ranks of nurses engaged in medical missionary life. service the benefit of his long, varied Dave Ranney,* a young man with a and successful experience as a sur- nominal religion but no vital contact geon.

with God, experienced the truth of During the last five years of her Gladstone's statement that "It is a dan- life, the struggle against the infirmi- gerous thing for a young man to start ties ·of a fractured hip, pneumonia out in life without the thought of twice, a fractured arm, gradual loss God." Dave went down step by step of sight and then blindness, were a until he became a panhandler on the testimony to the reality and power of Bowery. After his conversion Mrs. God. Her life seemed to say to those Bainbridge helped him to get ac- nearest: quainted with God and he lived for My times are in thy hand, my God; I over forty years to serve as a mis- wish them there.

sionary on the Bowery. He was one My life, my friends, my soul, I leave of a great company to whom God be- entirely to thy carecame more of a reality because of this My times are in thy hand; I'll always trust in thee; woman's faith in and fellowship with And, after death, at thy right hand I shall forever be. her heavenly Father. In this age, when consciousness of God is becom- To Lucy Seaman Bainbridge there ing indistinct, what greater work was no end of time and beginning of could one do than to make Him real to eternity, for she lived in eternity for others? many years; when the spirit left the Mrs. Bainbridge profoundly influ- body, she merely turned the corner to enced her fellow-workers and those go into the presence of Him who died whom she directed in the manifold ac- for her that she might live with Him.

tivities of City Mission work, not by saying, Go, do this or that! but by SEVEN LESSONS ON CHRISTIAN drawing them on by her magnetic SERVICE power. Many, catching some of her 1. The work is manifold that every beenthusiasm, worked with her in help- liever may find his adaptation. ing the helpless, in strengthening the weak, in encouraging the strong, in in- 2. The work is committed to all that none may feel left out.

3. The work is one that all may be spiring the devoted and in advancing united in cooperation. the Kingdom of God. 4. The work is responsible and there- The geniuR of greatness is to refuse fore no one can shirk duty. to be a quitter, and Mrs. Bainbridge 5. The work of each is necessary and no one can with impunity neglect it.

was royally great. After her retire- 6. The work is distributed by the Spirit, hence no room for envy or disment from the arduous activities of content. City Mission endeavor at the age of 7. The work is God's work through us, and hence no ground for pride or despair.

,. See his :tllLuiJiogrllvhy; Dnvc Ranney. -A. T. PIERSON.

PROBLEMS OF INDIA-

BY MRS. WM. I. CHAMBERLAIN M R. SAVEL ZIMAND, in his 1925 that the crop yields of the recent volume on India, * peninsula were about the lowest of has admirably compressed any country he knew of." "Pre- into brief space an outline of the carious rainfall, excessive subdivi- history of more than three thou- sion of holdings, primitive methods s·and years. Weare conducted of tillage, debts, lack of education swiftly, but intelligently, through and sanitation" are responsible for Aryan invasions, Mogul conquests this poverty, in Mr. Zimand's opin- and the winning of the Empire by ion. But that India's appalling Lord Clive, to the reigns of the poverty and disease are due, pri- Viceroys, until we arrive, some- marily, to her religion, with its what out of breath, at the present cast-iron doctrines of Karma and day "Young India" of the National- Caste, no one who reads Mr. Zim- ist party. and's chapter on "The Might of The tone of'the book is impartial Hinduism" can reasonably doubt. and punctiliously fair, although it As he says, "one must know the appears plain that the author's essentials of the religious and social system of Hinduism to have even a sympathies are with the National- glimpse of inner India." A religion ists rather than with the British which kills desire, whose objective Government. It appears equally is absorption into the universal plain, however, that in a country consciousness, whose chief charwhere two hundred and thirty mil- acteristic is a belief in the transmilion Hindus worship three hundred gration of souls with all that it and thirty million gods, where fifty involves of fatalism and fetichism, millions of these are "untouchable" does not arouse in its devotees a ~y the others, where seventy mil- taste for practical affairs. A counhon Moslems are in more or less try in which two hundred and constant warfare with the Hindus thirty million people subscribe over such matters as music and wholeheartedly to the belief that cows, as Mr. Zimand says is the contemplation and not industry case, there is not much hope of an leads to attainment, will not go far immediate era of effective self- in the economic realm. government. Mr. Zimand gives considerable "Of Indian problems," says the attention, as many others have author, "poverty is the most vital." done, to Miss Mayo's "Mother The masses live in the seven hun- India." In his chapter on "Child dred and fifty thousand villages Brides" he regrets her failure to and seventy-five per cent of the distinguish between the marriage population depend upon the soil. ceremony and the final consumma- "An American expert in rural tion of marriage, the result of economy testified before the Indian which, he says, "is an assemblage Economic Enquiry Committee in of a great amount of accurate mis- .. Ilt'ving n~dia. By Savel Zimand. 8 vo. 300 information on the subject." At lIP. $3.00. LOllgmans, Green & Co. New York. 1U2S. the same time he admits that 459

"every minute that an unmarried revelations shall have passed from girl lives after puberty accumulates the minds of India's more progressins for her father and mother." sive sons, it will be found that her The attempt to prove by hospital delineation of "things as they are" statistics, in which Mr. Zimand is has produced a more profound and not alone, that the prevailing age reforming effect than a century of for first motherhood in India, missionary work. among the millions of young married girls throughout the length As for the New India, not even and breadth of the land, is in the Mr. Zimand is without doubts. The neighborhood of seventeen, eight- old hatreds between Hindus and een, or even nineteen years of age, Moslems are still smoldering, as is is to disseminate as grave a variety shown by the recent riots in Bomof "accurate misinformation" as bay. Gandhi's peaceful policy of that of which Miss Mayo is ac- non-cooperation holds Young India cused. Everyone who knows India in a humane but uncertain grasp. knows that millions of girl mothers A program of immediate complete in that land never see the inside of independence, such as the younger a hospital. Only the more en- and more extreme Nationalists delightened and Westernized and sire, may result in still greater those who are in the vicinity of the confusion between the warring elelarger cities, and those in very ments. limited numbers, go to these hospitals for confinement, or are at- As Mr. Zimand truly says in this tended by a trained physician. We admirable book, "Great Britain has are told that there are only 3,500 to her credit real achievements in hospitals in the whole of India, not India. But her greatest opportunity enough to accommodate even a still lies ahead." All who know and small proportion of the girl moth- love India must wish for her a ers in the villages of that vast area. triumphant liberation from the That conditions have improved in shackles of the past. But those recent years is happily true. That shackles are not primarily the educated and enlightened Hindus shackles of a foreign domination. have done much to improve them They are the fetters of a religious is also happily true. That mission- and social system which she has ary effort and a civilized, if merely forged for herself. For her own nominal, Christian government sake it must be hoped that she will have, however, been the main- not soon be "added to the lost springs of the reform movement, dominions of the British Empire." is even more definitely true. But that Miss Mayo is not very far A PRAYER FOR DEEDS wide of the mark when she sets the average age in India for first Grant us the will to fashion as we feel, motherhood as fourteen or fifteen Grant us the strength to labor as we years at the highest, cannot be dis- know, puted by anyone who really knows not merely the New India-but the Grant us the purpose, ribbed and edged old and still vitally existing "Moth- with steel, er India." It may well be that, when the first shock of Miss Mayo's To strike the blow.

Knowledge we ask not-knowledge thou hast lent- But, Lord, the will; there lies our bitter need, Give us to build above the deep intent, The deed, the deed! -John D'rinkwate-r.

A BIBLE CRUSADE FOR LATIN-AMERICA

A Movement for the Distribution of a Million Testaments in Mexico, Central and South America, and the West Indies BY GEORGE T. B. DAVIS T HE blessing of God rested need spiritual freedom. Most of upon the nation-wide distri- the 95,000,000 inhabitants of La- bution of New Testaments in tin-America are still groping about China in such a signal manner, in ignorance of God, without the that a campaign has now been lamp of His Word to guide their started for the careful and prayer- footsteps. Their souls are starv- ful circulation of a million copies ing for the Bread of Life.

of the New Testament in the Latin- A British Professor of philos- American lands. The plan is not ophy, who gave up all to preach merely to circulate Testaments; Christ in South America, recently but to water the Seed with such a declared that there is scarcely an volume of prayer that a great spir- anti-Christian book published in itual awakening will sweep over Europe that is not reprinted at the Latin-American Republics. once in Spanish in South America.

The darkness of the past centu- In spite of all difficulties there is a ries in Latin-America is due to great hunger after higher things their being deprived of the Word in those lands. of God. Four hundred years ago A year or two ago an American traveller, Mr. L. L. Legters, was Spanish and Portuguese adven- making a tour of exploration in turers went to South America seek- Mexico to discover how to bring ing for gold. Three hundred years the Gospel to Indian tribes that ago British and Dutch pilgrims had never been reached. Away in came to North America seeking the interior he came to an Indian freedom to worship for God. town and was amazed to find a church of nearly three hundred The results that followed the Evangelical Christian believers. two quests have been without a Mr. Legters tells the story of his parallel in the world's history. In remarkable discovery in The Sun- South America-there has been day School Times: spiritual darkness, superstition and ignorance. In North Amer- We were the first Protestant misica-prosperity has accompanied sionaries who had ever visited the spiritual blessing due to the open town. How did it come, then, that Bible. this large group of believers were Now is the opportunity to in- gathered here? Nine years before, an augurate a great Bible campaign old Indian had heard the Gospel while for the enlightenment of the Latin- ahwimayafrGoomspehlomine.SpSaonmisehonanedhawdhegnivehne American nations. After four returned home, a nephew who had hundred years of spiritual dark- learned a little Spanish, was }}ressed ness the dawn is breaking. One into service. As the old uncle heard after another of the Republics have the Good News, he would hurry with Proclaimed religious liberty, this thhime .ladAtos aa nreeisguhlbt ooufr tthoisshwaroerkittwheitrhe is only the first step. Now they were nearly three hundred Christian 461

believers in this Indian town-more have one.' When I asked how he than half of the village when we vis- obtained the Book, he told me the ited there. following story: 'In the magazine The British and Foreign Bible called El Mundo Argentino, I read Society and the American Bible an announcement recommending Society report many striking ex- readers to obtain the Gospels or amples of the power of the Word the New Testament in order to as- of God· to transform .and trans- certain the teaching of Jesus figure lives in Latin-America. An Christ. I ordered the four Gospels, experienced missionary says that which so pleased me that I ordered he has felt led to offer a copy of the a complete Bible.' His wife also Scriptures to anyone who was de- gave a wonderful simple testimony sirous of reading the Book. Then to conversion through reading the he made this striking statement: Bible, without having attended any "In every case the person who re- evangelical meeting."

ceived the Book has been led to In speaking of the value of Christ." spreading the Word of God in Bra- A colporteur in Venezuela, sent zil, a traveler wrote to the Amer- this striking testimony of the ican Bible Society: power of the .Word to the British Brazil, as a field for Bible distribuand Foreign Bible Society: "Some tion, becomes more and more attrac- two years ago we were allowed to tive every year. Its immense area adds to the difficulties of travel, but place six Bibles and twelve New perhaps there is no country in the Testaments in the Leper Asylum at La Guayra. Early last year Col- world from which there comes such a wealth of testimony to the power of porteur Rivera was permitted to the printed Bible circulated in advance visit this Leper Asylum with his of the preacher of the Gospel.

Books and to speak to the inmates. Dr. H. C. Tucker, an agent of He found that forty of them were the American Bible Society staprofessing Christians." tioned in Brazil gives a glowing The President of Chili, when testimony to the power of the presented with a copy of the Bible, Word of God: "From missionaries several years ago by the Evangel- of various denominations I reical churches of Chili and the Bible ceived striking testimonies to the Society, in accepting the gift said: value of the work of Bible distribu- "I am a Christian. I believe in the tion. Many churches, now vigordoctrines of Christ. I drink the ous and growing, trace their origin waters of the crystal fountain, not to a single copy of the Scriptures the turbid waters of the swamps. carried far beyond the range of the I receive the health-giving doc- missionary, and making for itself trines of the Bible. This Book a lodging in some believing heart. which you have presented to me The Bible in Brazil is good seed will ever be with me. It will be . falling upon good ground and my guide, and will be appreciated bringing forth fruit abundantly." at its full value." Millions in Latin-America have A colporteur of the British and never seen a copy of the Word of Foreign Bible Society in Argen- God; and multitudes do not even tine wrote: "I entered a barber know of the existence of such a shop and offered a man a Bible; Book! Mrs. Henry Strachan, of but he replied, 'Thanks be to God. I the Latin-American Evangeliza-

tion Society writes: "Our duty is A quarter of a million prayer to give the Word of God to the cards will be sent to God's chil- people who do not have it. No one dren giving suggestions for inter- can say that more than a small cession for God's blessing on the proportion of the people have production and distribution of the either seen or heard of a Bible. Testaments; for an outpouring of There are few children of school God's Spirit upon the missionaries, age who cannot read and write." pastors and workers; and that the This is surely the providential hearts of the unsaved may be moment to give the people the tender and receptive to the Word Word of God in their own lan- guage. Our aim is a continent- wide crusade to reach all ages and classes quickly with the Word, watered by a great volume of be- lieving prayer. The plan is to present neat pocket Testaments, through the missionaries, pastors and others, to students, officials, professional men, and the various classes who agree to read them.

Most of the Testaments will be printed in Spanish and Portuguese which are the chief languages of Latin-America; while others will be printed in various Indian dia- lects. The Testaments are attrac- tively bound with one or more pictures, so that the very sight of the neat little Book will make one long to possess and to read it.

Will Christians throughout the world concentrate their prayers upon Latin-America in order that a mighty spiritual awakening may sweep over the land? Mr. and Mrs. SON OF' A MEXICAN INDIAN CHIEF Henry Strachan, in an urgent ap- He conf.essed Christ nnd carries with him a peal for intercessory prayer on behalf of Latin-America, say: pocket Testament-the first of a million for Latin America Never before has there been such a of God and the Gospel. Send for a magnificent opportunity, such a wide- supply of these prayer cards to open door. We have reason to believe pass on to others to help in enlistthat God is ready to initiate a great ing believing prayer for these spiritual awakening that will stir the lands and the people still in darkcontinent, and which may really con- ness.* stitute Latin-America's last opportunity. On this prayer campaign to '* Tbe cards wUl be sent free of cost on apwhich you are called hangs, perhaps, the destiny of a continent-millions plication to The Million Testaments Campaign, of souls whose destiny is at stake. 323 N. 13th Street, Philadelphia. Pa. By MRS. F. I. JOHNSON, New York President of the Federation of Woman's Boards of Foreign Missions T HE spring and summer out-of- Youth is no longer responsive to "thou doors conference seasons are almost shalt not" and is demanding an opporhere; also, the mite-box opening time tunity to share in the responsibilities in many of the denominations. The of the church and her work, and is editor of this department has received very insistent upon having something many letters asking for suggestions to do. There are many neglected along these two lines. The major por- groups and families in nearly all rural tion of the Methods in this issue is communities which the present local therefore devoted to the consideration church leaders in many cases deliberof these topics. ately refuse to serve because of some personal, unChristian distaste. Many WHY SUMMER SCHOOLS FOR such leaders look upon their church as RURAL PASTORS? a seclusive society of saved souls and upon their church membership as a RALPH S. ADAMS fire insurance policy to be extended Today as never before the country only to a favored few. They in turn pastor must be a man especially have no hesitation in demanding suptrained for his field of service, for port from their denominational home many are the problems in the rural missions board to continue their selcommunity which beset the path, not fish and unChristian enterprise in the only of the church but of Christianity community, "in the Name of Jesus itself. Both have suffered greatly in Christ." the last quarter century because of These conditions demand the best the rapid advancement in the knowledge and application of the scientific type of pastoral leadership the church laws of nature as exemplified in the can provide; a leadership which has marvelous inventions and the modern been trained not alone in theology and methods in industry, agriculture, com- denominational programs, but also in the psychology of the farmer mind munication and their reaction. These and the rural youth, in the economic developments are inevitable and in the and social background of country life, direct line of progress. Unfortunately and in the native spiritual atmosphere the conception of religion as em- which naturally associates itself with bodied for the most part in the coun- birds, flowers, trees, crops and ani- try church program and methods has mals. The rural pastor of today must been antagonistic and unsympathetic know the great country life moveto this modern advance. Rural de- ments and intelligently make himself population has been cutting down a part of them. He must know the church membership while the auto- other agencies of country life; the mobile and Sunday recreation have farm and home bureaus, the commumade serious inroads upon church at- nity nurse, the grange, the farmers'

tendance. The children wish to attend cooperatives, the schools, and many the church school with their friends other agencies which contribute to the and playmates of the public schools. farmer's welfare. More and more we 464

METHODS FOR WORKERS

realize that we cannot separate reli- serve as powedul allies of the rural .gion and life, nor would God have us church. These schools reveal to the to do so for the peculiar talents with local pastor the possible services of which each has been endowed are God- the agricultural college to the local given and are therefore as truly spir- community and prepare him to become itual as teaching a Sunday-school class a spiritual leader in the whole of farm or performing any other specific task and community life, rather than only on the generally accepted church pro- in the purely devotional and religious gram. We need a ministry in the educational life of his constituency. country which will teach and demonstrate that Christianity i.~ life, and It should be one of the chief aims that as such the church is responsible of denominational and inter-denomifor determining and interpreting the national effort to further the developspiritual purpose of the various funda- ment of summer training stations for mental functions of society. In real- rural pastors. There is no time to ity, the rural pastor must be a rural lose! social engineer leading the community to a larger conception of Christianity A POSTER SUGGllJSTION I'OR RURAL in life and training local leaders. PASTORS The denominational seminaries for the most part are not preparing men AN IDEAL MORNING WATCH for these new demands. Consequently AND VESPERS the country church continues to be the stepping stone to the city church; MRS. W. C. MCCULLOUGH and therefore, the country church prob- MRS. H. C. BELL lems remain unsolved, the congregations continue to decrease, salaries are The general theme for the Morning unattractive and the vicious circle con- Watch is, "Following The Master," tinues. based on S. D. Gordon's book of that title. Select four leaders long in ad- Denominational and inter-denomi- vance. Assign each member of the national summer-schools in sufficient school to one of the four groups; table numbers throughout the United States card, ideal. The period should be fifwould help mightily in solving this teen minutes, not more. The six problem which demands immediate topics: solution. These schools are to be distinguished from church conferences 1. THE CHRIST WHO WENT BEFORE. and ministerial retreats for they are 2. THE ROAD HE TRAVELED. conducted on the same educational 3. WHAT FOLLOWING MEANS. basis as seminaries and colleges. 4. MAKING A DECISION. These schools should be under the di- 5. THE COMPANIONS OF THE WAY. rection of denominational seminaries 6. THE GLORY OF THE GOAL. and state colleges and universities of several states, using their local facul- The leaders use the selected topics ties and such additional experts as the but choose the scripture passages and curriculum demands. There are some determine their own form of treat· such summer schools but the number ment. is too few for the impact to be appreciable.

The summer schools for rural pastors are still in the early stages of experimentation, but the returns already evident make it obvious that the agricultural colleges with their department of agricultural extension 4

The general theme for the Vespers Hymn Verse-Tune Nicaea is, "My Father's World." Select six fine leaders. These are to be out-of- Bring, 0 Morn! thy music! Bring, 0 doors twilight services attended by Night thy silence! the entire school. The period, thirty minutes. The six topics: Ocean chant the rapture to the storm wind coursing free. 1. My FATHER'S WORLD–The Call of its Hills and Valleys. Sun and stars are singing, Thou art our Creator, 2. My FATHER'S WORLD–The Lessons of its Flowers and Trees. Who wert, and art and ever more shall be. 3. My FATHER'S WORLD–The Stories of its Lakes and ·Seas. Leader-We bring together three books 4. My FATHER'S WORLD–The Challenge tonight; the book of nature; the book of its Hidden Treasures. of revelation; and the hymn book of the Church, and helped by these we 5. My FATHER'S WORLD–The Beauty of will look at God's Great Out of Doors. its Living Creatures. Let us sing as an evening prayer the 6. My FATHER'S WORLD–My place in It. hymn verse on your sheets marked A.

At the dining-room doors hang two Hymn Versebig posters, each an outdoor scene. Have these so prominent and lovely The shadows of the evening hours that no one can leave the room without Fall from the darkening sky; seeing and studying them. The one at the right announces the Morning Upon the fragrance of the flowers Watch. The hour and the names of The dews of evening lie. the leaders are permanent features of the poster; a slit on either side of the Before Thy throne, 0 Lord of heaven bottom of the poster admits of the We kneel at close of day daily insertion of the topic for the following morning, this being beauti- Look on Thy children from on high, fully printed on cardboard to conform And hear us when we pray. with the loveliness of the rest of the (Tune C. M. D.) poster; this should be a sunrise or early morning scene. Leader-If I should ask you which chap- The poster announcing the Vespers ter of the Bible you think of first when should be of evening's calm. Its place your attention is called to the wonders being at tne left of the door. On this of the world God has made, which also the hour and names of leaders are would you say. Yes, the 19th Psalm. permanent, the topic inserted daily. Let us use this Psalm in hymn form. We will sing it to the old tune of If the details of this plan are sys- Aurelia. tematically worked out, the results will repay the committee. The method Hymnlends itself admirably to use in local churches. The heavens declare Thy glory, GOD'S GREAT OUT OF DOORS The firmament Thy power; Day unto day the story (A TWILIGHT SERVICE) Repeats from hour to hour; Leader Night unto night replying Thou who hast made Thy dwelling fair With flowers beneath, above with o Proclaims in every land starry lights, Lord, with voice undying, And set Thine altars everywhere, The wonders of Thy hand. To Thee I turn; to Thee I make my prayer, The sun with royal splendor God of the open air. (Van Dyke.) Goes forth to chant Thy praise, And moonbeams soft and tender, Their gentler anthem raise.

O'er every tribe and nation That music strange is poured, The song of all creation, To Thee, creation's Lord.

Leader-Let us think of some of the things of nature, that bring Bible verses to our minds. Will you mention some of these and give the thought of the verse, if you cannot quote it.

(N. B.-In answer to this the leader will probably arrange that some one in the group will mention mountains, HUes, birds, fishes, pearls, rivers, etc.) (a) The Mountains: They call us to worship-"I will lift up my eyes unto the hills from whence cometh my help."

1!J2!J] METHODS FOR WORKERS

They call us to trust-I<As the he pussell out or the hymn numbers placed on mountains are round about Je- :l chart or lwurd. so there may he little COll- rusalem, so is the Lord round fllSl{)ll and no culling for numbers. about them that fear Him." PRAISE SERVICE They call us to service-HHow beautiful upon the mountains Nott'–'l'he Bible verses are read, each set are the feet of him that bring- lIy a different reader, as the organ or piano eth good tidings, that publisheth plays the hymn softly, and at the close of the peace. I'i-'ading the audience sings the hymn. This can only be used by having song sheets, or by (b) The Flowers and the Birds: ~ll11stituting more familiar words. They remind us of God's care (Matt. 6: 26-30). A-PRAISE AND ADORATION UNTO OUR (c) The River, Clear as Crystal: GOD. The tree of Life; remind us of the glory of Heaven. Reader-My soul shall make her boast in the Lord. (d) The Sower: The mustard seed, the pearl, the Let such as love thy salvation say fishes-ten us the story of the Kingdom of Heaven; how continually the Lord be magnified. planted; how it grows; its value. o clap your hands, all ye people. Shout unto the Lord with the shout Hymn~My Father's World– of triumph. This is my Father's world And to my listening ears For the Lord most high is terrible. All nature' sings and round me rings The music of the spheres. He is a great king over all the earth. This is my Father's world; Sing praises unto God; sing praises. I rest me in the thought Of rocks and rills, of skies and trees, Sing praises unto our King; sing His hand these wonders wrought. praises; Soinmgagyne ifpyr aises with understanding. This is my Father's world; the Lord with me, and let The birds their carols raise, us exalt his name together. The morning light, the lily white, Give to our God immortal praise; Declare their Maker's praise. Mercy and truth are all his ways. This is my Father's world. Wonders of grace to God belong; He shines in all that's fair. Repeat His mercies in your song.

In the rustling grass I hear Him pass, HY'lnn~(Tune NiclEa.} He speaks to me everywhere. (Babcock.) Holy, Holy, Holy, Lord God Al- mighty! Leader~Let us listen to the Psalmist as he calls on all of nature and on us to All Thy works shall praise Thy praise the Lord of Creation. name in earth and sky and sea; (Psalm 136: 1-9; 148: 1-6; 148: 7-13; Holy, Holy, Holy, Merciful and 150: 1.-6.) mighty; Leader-Closing Thought: God in three persons, Blessed Trin- God, that madest earth and heaven ity. Darkness and light; Who the day for toil has given; B-PRAISE AND THANKSGIVING FOR For rest the night. OUR CHRIST. May Thine angel guards defends us, Slumber sweet and mercy send us; Reader-Thanks be unto God, who Holy dreams and hopes attend us giveth us the victory through our This livelong night. Lord, Jesus Christ.

Hymn Prayer- In the beginning was the word and Now from the altar of our hearts, the word was with God and the Let incense flames arise, word was God. Assist us, Lord to offer up Our evening sacrifice. The word was made flesh and dwelt among us, and we beheld his glory, Prayer, closing with the Lord's Prayer. the glory as of the only begotten of the Father, full of grace and Note-This can be carried out by hav~ng truth. mimeographed song sheets, or other evenmg and nature bymns can be substituted, taken Jesus Christ, our Lord, through from hymnals at hand. But slips with the whom we receive grace. song numbers and the verses to be used should Far be it from me to glory, save in the cross of our Lord Jesus Christ.

Children of the heavenly King, As ye journey sweetly sing, Sing your Saviour's worthy praise, Glorious in His works and ways.

Hymn-(Tune Beecher) Alleluia! sing to J eSUS1 His the scepter, His the throne;

Alleluia! His the triumph, Hymn-(Tune Ripley). His the victory, alone. Lord, my heart's deep, ardent feel- Hark, the songs of peaceful Zion ing Thunder like a mighty flood; Vainly would my lips express; "Jesus out of every nation Low before Thy footstool kneeling Hath redeemed us Py His blood." Deign Thy suppliant's prayer to C-PRAISE AND PETITION FOR THE bless.

CHURCH. Let Thy grace, my soul's chief treas- ure, Reader-The Church of the Living God, which is the pillar and Love's pure flame within me raise; ground of the truth. And since words can never meas- Christ loved the Church and gave ure himself for it, that he might pre- Let my life show forth Thy praise. sent the church to himself, a glo- rious church, not having wrinkle E-PRAISE THROUGHOUT ETERNITY. or spot or any such thing, but that it should be holy and without Readet'-I will praise Thy name for- blemish. ever and ever.

Far down the ages now, I will bless Thy name forever and Her journey not yet done, ever. The pilgrim church pursues her I will give thanks unto Thee for- way ever. And longs to reach her crown. I heard, as it were, a great voice of Hymn-(Tune Austrian Hymn). a great multitude in heaven say- ing Hallelujah, salvation and Lift we now our joyous praising, glory and power belong to our To the Lord of earth and heaven! God; for true and righteous are Loud our alleluias raising his judgments. For the Church, throughout the And I heard, as it were, the voice of world. a great multitude, and as the voice On the love of Christ she's founded, of many waters and as the voice In her fellowship is found, of mighty thunders saying, Halle- Love and service, peace and bless- lujah, for the Lord our God, the AlmIghty reigneth. Let us re- ing. joice and be exceeding glad and For the church let praise resound. let us give glory unto Him. And every created thing which is in Prayer, Hymn Verse; by one voice the heaven, and on the earth, and (Tune Litany). under the earth and on the sea and all things that are in them, Jesus, with Thy Church abide, heard I saying; Unto him that Be her Saviour, Lord, and Guide, setteth on the throne and unto the While on earth her faith is tried, Lamb, be the blessing and the We beseech Thee, hear us. honor and the glory and the do- minion forever and ever. Amen. D-PRAISE THROUGHOUT LIFE. Hymn-(Tune Beecher). Reader-Every day will I bless thee. Hark! the sound of holy voices I will bless the Lord, at all times: Chanting at the crystal sea; His praise shall continually be in Alleluia! Alleluia! my mouth. Alleluia! Lord to Thee. I will sing aloud of Thy praises in Multitudes, which none can number, the morning. Like the stars in glory stand, Make a joyful noise unto the Lord. Clothed in white apparel, holding Sing forth the glory of His name; Palms of victory in their hand. Make His praise glorious. Amen. While I live will I praise the Lord, I will sing praises unto the Lord Closing Prayer of Praise, closing while I have any being. with the Lord's Prayer. Let everything that hath breath praise the Lord. A MITE-BOX DEMONSTRATION Praise Him, ever, Bounteous Giver. Praise Him, Father, Friend and There have been many insistent Lord. calls for this demonstration which has Each glad soul its free course wring- been used at Lakeside School of For- ing, eign Missions, Northfield Summer Each glad voice its free song sing- Conference, St. Petersburg School of ing, Missions, Chautauqua Summer Insti- Praise the Great and Mighty Lord!

METHODS FOR WORKERS

tute of Foreign Missions, Mountain night some callers happened in and Lake Interdenominational Institute of the preacher and a lawyer fell to dis- Home and Foreign MiBBionB. With a cussing the merits of their respective few changes it can be adapted to use professions. My owner said, "This is for home as well as foreign programs. good. When you are through, every one will vote for the best argument President, stop, look, read! Here is and the loser will have to put a quarter the help for a mite-box program that in the mite box." They had lots of you have been asking for. fun and finally the preacher said, "Well, while my work is by far the THE PLEA OF THE MITE BOXES most desirable, I will admit that both are necessary. The undertaker's busi- (Four enter dressed as mite boxes. ness is better because of the doctors, Choose slender and /leshy ones care- you know, and so with the lawyers and fully.) preachers. You hunt up and advertise crime and we kill it." Everybody No. 1. Well I guess we are all here. voted for the preacher, so the lawyer My, how that mite-box secretary will had to give me a quarter. I was glad enjoy taking out all the nickels and it ended that way, for lawyers' quartdimes it has taken us all the year to ers are harder for mite boxes to get accumulate. than preachers'.

No.2. She surely will 1 I never No.5. (Limping in, groaning). felt so full before. Ouch! Oh, my poor side! I really didn't want to come, girls, looking so No.1. How strange it would seem bad and feeling worse. to be full. The little children in the famine sections of India are as well No. 1. You poor thing, you surely fed as I am. How in the world a wom- do look bad! What has hapened to an expects a mite box to live a whole you? Let me help you. year on six litle coppers is more than I can see! But it is not the thinness No.5. This year I went to a docthat hurts me most; physical hunger tor's home to live. Mrs. A. really is nothing to heart hunger. I am ig- meant well and wanted to treat me nored and forgotten. kindly. I was fed regularly and well, the first week. My trouble began the No.3. You would not say that if very first Saturday when the newsboy you were in my place. I am so full came, and I heard him say, "It is my sides are bulging out and my top twelve cents, Mrs. A." Well, she nearly bursting. It has been great looked in her pocketbook and found fun to be a mite box this year. she had no change. Then she came over to me and, being a doctor's wife, NO.4. Well, do tell us how you do she naturally thought, "Shake well it! before taking." She cut my mouth open a little farther, then shook me No.3. All right, I'll tell you, girls, until I gave her two nickels and two but I want you to know that last year pennies. From that time on, I was I was just as flat and hollow as any of fed just enough for Johnnie's candy, you. I think my weight is due to be- Mary's gum and Mrs. A.'s postage. ing well fed and carefully looked after. Each time I began to feel encouraged Mrs. B. was so proud of me when she I was shaken, shaken, shaken, until I took me home (heavy sigh from No. might just as well have been in the 1) that she gave me the most promi- Japanese earthquake. I did want to nent place in the house-on the living say, "Oh, don't you know when you room mantle. Then she said to me, do that you are taking money that smiling, "Little mite box, you look should pay missionaries salaries, build hungry. How would you like a dime schools, or provide doctors for sufferfor lunch?" Reaching for her purse she took out a shiny new dime and dropped it right into my mouth. My, but it tasted good! So much better than copper or even nickel. That very

ing children 7" Why do people have she just made an incision here in my no mite-box conscience? side and left me almost lifeless. I suppose having a doctor for a husband No.2. My family has. I really she does not consider operations serimean it when I say that I never was ous, but if she could see, as I can, the so full before. I know you never ex- little pinched faces of the sick children pected it, for I've heard people say and no doctors for miles and miles, they wonder how poor Mrs. C. ever maybe she would think twice before manages, her family is so large and taking back the money she had given her husband earns so little. But I me to work for the Lord, in· building never spent a happier year. Probably the King's Highway. All the year she I didn't have as much silver as some talked about reducing, but she likes to of you-but such a quantity of pen- eat so well that she succeeded in renies! Mrs. C. said, "Now I'll put in ducing only her mite box. Oh, if I just two pennies every Saturday could only have kept what she gave me night." She didn't fail once. That made one dollar. Then one day Mr. r should have been proud today in- C. came home sick. The doctor shook his head and said, "It acts like pneu- stead of ashamed of myself and her. monia." They were careful and prayed, and she took good care of him. r can't try again. (Heavy sigh.) In three days he was back at work. "Just think," said Mrs. C., "How ter- No. 1. I feel that way, too. Here rible it would have been if Jim had been laid up with awful doctor's bills r am covered with dust (tries to blow to pay." So she fed me a whole quarter as a Thank-Offering. Yum, it off) and if the preacher had not yum, it was good! Everything that moved little Jane's heart to the point happened for which she was thankful of giving me a penny, I should not meant something to me, so I kept send- have been in sight when my great oping up mite-box petitions for their portunity came. A neighbor came to continued success, for mine was sure pay Mrs. D. a nickel she had borrowed. to follow. I know so well that what I get goes to hospitals far away and Mrs. D. said, "Why, my dear, r couldcan help furnish doctors for little children. Just think of the souls and lives n't think of taking so small a sum; we are expected to save! forget it." The neighbor said, "All right, I'll drop it in your mite box." No.5. Ouch! Ouch! Did I tell you about my operation? (All act bored And she did. r was encouraged for and turn away, seeming to be leaving.) When I had been shaken until I was weeks. A whole nickel! Why is it on the verge of a nervous breakdown, that when a woman thinks of putting and had no nourishing food to build a nickel in her mite box she is sure me up, Mrs. A. started down town one she can't afford it, but when her day to shop. She opened her purse neighbor wants to return it, it is too and said, "Dear me, no carfare. N oth- small for consideration? I suppose ing but a five dollar bill"-whatever God knows. I can't go on. My heart that is. is broken. r am deserted and alone. No. #. Is that a kind of money? No. #. Cheer up girls! You know No.5. r don't know, but if it is there are two ways to spell our name. I prefer M-I-G-H-T myself. We are it must be foreign money. not so big but we are mighty. If we No.3. No, sir! For I'm a well-kept were filled with radium think of the wealth, power and healing we should foreign mite box and never tasted one. contain. We cannot have radium, but No.5. Well, anyway, she was in if we could all be filled full of nickels and dimes, think of the curative power too much of a hurry to shake me so we should hold, for that money can so easily be changed into these things. This spelling means so much to me. The M stands for money, I for inside, G for .flet it, H for hold it, T for treas- ury. The whole thing in a nutshell:

METHODS FOR WORKERS

money inside-get it-hold it for His women took "just because they treasury. thought they had to," the boxes that women were tao indifferent to bother No.3. MMMMMMMMMMoney! !! with, and all boxes that for any rea- How good it tastes (smacks lips). son never got back to a mite-box open- ing. I am the Mite-Box Ghost. I No.1. Yes, I imagine it would if have come to haunt the women who you could get it. have taken the lives of mite boxes. And if there are any here who do not No.5. What good is it if you can't come in any of these classes, and for hold it? If they spell it that way, I'll any reason do not need to be troubled try again next year. Will you? {turn- because they didn't have mite boxes, I am commissioned, as the spirit of lost ing to No.1}. mite boxes, to bring you a further No.1. Yes, for His sake I will try message.

it again. He was forsaken and de- Won't you, each one, as you take spised. I'll go on and maybe next year your mite box for next year, take it I'll be able to do more for Him. as if it were a new child in your home and your heart, and let it represent a No.4. But sisters, look! Who is little unprivileged child somewhere-a this strange, ghostly looking creature tiny Japanese maiden from the land of that has come uninvited among us? cherry blossoms, a Chinese girlie Unearthly as it looks, perhaps it can weeping over the pain of her bound tell us why it is here, since this is an feet, one of India's little girls with occasion when inanimate things have the fate of a child widow hanging over been given the gift of speech in a good her, or a kinky-haired African child. cause. (TUrning to the ghostly fig- And ever, as you drop in a bill or a ure.) Tell us, friend, why you have coin, say a prayer for the children of come, and what message you bring. the world, whose only hope is the mis- sionary mite box. And above all, dear Ghoslt {should be perfect in mask women do not fail to spell it M-I-G-H-T and sheet}. Yes, sisters, I have a message for these women, a very solemn box. one, although I do not believe that any I go, now, back to the realm of lost of this group needs it. But hearing it, they will arouse to greater effort mite boxes. Farewell. {Exit aU.} on behalf of the women who do. I am the ghost of many mite boxes-the boxes that never were cared for even at house-cleaning time, the boxes that MITE BOX OPENING SONG FOR JUNIORS Tune: "The Campbells Are Coming"-Scotch Air The camels are coming They're coming and bringing With us to meet, Our boxes of mites.

The camels are coming Our camels are bringing On tramping feet, The mites we are giving, Oh, they have been busy The mites for the children For days and for nights, In other lands living They're coming and bringing To keep them in school Our boxes of mites. And to give them some joy, The camels are coming, We'll never forget them,- Hear, hear our mites, Not one girl or boy. (shake boxes) (Repeat second verse.) F. S. H. The camels are coming, Hear, hear our mites. NOTE: The tune of "Lazy Mary. Will You (shake boxes) Get Up"/" may be used by changing last line of verse to UTbey're Coming and Bringing Our Oh, they have been busy Mites." for da;vs and for ni~hts,

WOMAN'S FOREIGN MISSION

EDITED BY ELLA D. MACLAURIN, 419 Fourth Avenue, New York THE WORLD DAY OF PRAYER between all the women of all denomi- nations. It may come later on, in In France the following letter was years to come. However, there is a sent to twenty-eight chief Protestant certain willingness to pray.

periodicals: "Yes, we need prayer more than anything else. Many Christians here DEAR MONSIEUR THE DIRECTOR: pray for a revival and for the out- pouring of the Spirit of God. Only a Some time ago I received a letter from revival can solve all our present church the Federation of Woman's Boards of and country problems. Foreign Missions of North America. The committee of the organization of this "Please give the love of all French Federation asks me to call to the atten- women to the women in America. We tion of the women of France the date of are thankful for your intercession and February 15, 1929, as being the day set your help in every way. May the aside this year for Christian women of glorious day soon come, where all will the entire world to be consecrated in be one in Christ!" prayer. May I beg you to give this attention, pastors and parishes through From Holland the following letter your journal? Thank you. has been received: In America, in each locality the wom- DEAR MRS. HOUGH: en of different Protestant denominations come together in a church, chosen in ad- When I received your letter (dated vance for these gatherings, and there July 26, 1928) asking me if I could hold various services, according to a fixed take measures to enlist the women of program …… If we are not yet so far my country for the observance of the advanced in France, we can nevertheless World Day of Prayer on February unite with those women through prayer 15th it was not the right time of the in spirit and in truth. year to begin such an activity. I put it off until autumn. Will not each pastor call together the women of his parish, either on the eve- Then I had a talk with the president ning of February 15th (Thursday eve- of the Federation of the Christian ning) or on the day itself (Friday), and Women's Organizations, who was too pray with them for all the work of home busy at that moment, but in the month and foreign missions. This is a small of November we started our action. beginning which with time can be developed and brought to bear lasting I wrote an article to explain the fruits. object and the method of this beauti- ful habit, and got the permission of I am ready to give you more precise the presidents of several of the prininformation on the subject of this day cipal Women's Christian Organizaof prayer if you desire it, and thank you tions to put it in different women's most sincerely for the good deed of these lines in your journal. papers, with their names under it. I translated the program you sent Very truly yours, me, adapting it somewhat to the needs (Miss) MARCELLE WALDNER. of our country, in cooperation with two ladies of the Federation, but we Miss Waldner says: changed as little as possible. Instead of the English hymns,. we chose those " …… you will be glad to know of our own hymnbooks, which had more or less the same content. The that our seventeen Methodist parishes little poem, made for this year's Day will remember the day, and do what is best in the way of meeting.

"This morning I also received the answer of a Lutheran pastor who said, that he would keep the day with the women of his parish; yet, he also is of the opinion that the day has not come yet to have alliance meetings 472 of PraYer, I translated, as well as two the program itself somewhat vague; of the hymns: "Where Cross the others wanted more singing, or more Crowded Ways of Life," and "The opportunity for free prayer. Next Church's One Foundation," which I year we can remember those wishes. specially like, and which were read in the meeting. The terrible cold we had in those days was a real hindrance to quite a As it was the first time the "day" number of people. I led the meeting was observed, we did not expect a large in my own village. As only thirty or response. In our country we are rath- forty women were expected we were er afraid of new things, and apt to be amazed at having nearly a hundred! a little suspicious of new methods. I had cut out in white linen the letters So we began with the printing of five of the text: "That They All May Be hundred programs. After a few weeks One," and had sewed them on a piece five thousand had been distributed up of dark red cabinet, which I fastened and down the country. The general to the wall behind the leader. With response has been such, that people some plants and flowers the small hall who could better than I judge of the looked quite attractive. possible results, were greatly surprised. I sent a letter, to all the lead- Now, all I told you is simply a token ers, who had asked for programs, with of how God works, when there are a five questions: few single souls who put their trust in Him. After having sent that small 1. Were the' leader's expectations jus- article to different papers, and written tified? a few personal letters we could only wait for the results, and when, in all 2. Was the cooperation general (dif- those different places, one or a few ferent churches) ? women dared to begin this work, they also could only wait for the response. 3. How many women were present? There has certainly been prayer be- 4. Did you, and the other women, agree hind all this. with the program? 5. How is the appreciation of the Now I want to thank you, that you whole, as far as you are able to judge? have put me on this trail, because I am absolutely sure that this activity In fifty different places a meeting will bear fruit in making our women was held. It lasted about one hour. more conscious of the great need of There are, in Holland, up till now, unity among the different churches of only a limited number of people who our country, which stand so coldly and are not absolute strangers to this way suspiciously over against each other. of holding a meeting. Our churches are all Presbyterian, long sermons, no Believe me, with kind regards, liturgy, free prayer, slow singing. A few of our leading women have at- Yours truly, tended conferences and meetings abroad, and have learned to appreciate (Baroness) E. VAN BOETZELAER. other ways than those they have been accustomed to since childhood. But WOMEN IN THE CHURCH we cannot change things too fast. And yet, the way many women from dif- The General Assembly of 1925 referent churches and walks of life have quested that a study be made as to the responded to this call, seems to me to place of women in the Presbyterian be a sign of a real need, of which we Church. This study will culminate in were too little conscious before. In a conference of representative Pressome places the wish has been ex- byterian women, called by General pressed to have such a meeting not Council, to consider the scope and only once a year, but more often. form of organization of women's work and their ecclesiastical status, with a There has been some criticism, but view to strengthening their service in it was rather kind. Some thought the the· church. The Biennial will elect following of a program too formal, or

from its membership delegates to at- "That wide publicity be given the tend this conference. program and materials of peace edu- cation, through denominational, inter- The Committee that is making this denominational and secular publicastudy in a report to the General Coun- tions. cil in Philadelphia included the following: "That a careful study be made by ministers, teachers and local commit- The question of the place of women tees on religious education of the purin the church was considered by the poses, plans and materials of peace General Assembly of 1920, at which education, and a particular study of time an overture was sent down to the their own lesson materials to deter- Presbyteries, the effect of which would mine the amount of peace material have been to make women eligible to therein and to discover ways for more election to the eldership as well as to effective use of such materials. the diaconate. The overture was lost. "That all denominational groups be It is felt by many that any pres- urged to include peace education in entation of the matter today should the plans for all future study courses." be in the form of some restatement that' would review the whole question Other helpful suggestions are given in with relationship to the thoughts and the pamphlet "The Churches and World tendencies of our own time. It is our Peace" which may be ordered from the conviction tbat there should be a very National Committee on the Churches and careful restudy of the whole question World Peace, 105 East 22d Street, New of the teaching of the Scriptures with York, N. Y. (5 copies for 25 cents.) reference to the place and work of women in the church. MR. C. F. ANDREWS The committee recommen(ed that Mr. C. F. Andrews went to India an overture be sent down to' the Pres- twenty-five years ago, a missionary of byteries proposing: the Church of England. For ten years he continued with tbe organization The removal from the form of govern- but with an inner revolt against the ment of anY' form of speech which is attitude toward the "native" that preinconsistent with the recognition of the vailed in many missionary compounds. complete equality of men and women in At length he cut loose from the orthe life and work of the church. ganization and living with the Indian people, working with Tagore and with PEACE Gandhi, has gained their point of view. They have appreciated his understand- The second study conference to con- ing. sider The Churches and World Peace was held in Columbus, Ohio, March 6- In conference with a group of mis- 8, 1929, attended by 124 representa- sionary board people he tried to contives of 35 communions and allied re- vey the feeling of the men of India ligious organizations. about things religious and to show the need in our work of "a clearer focus From the Affirmations we quote: on the main object of missionary ef- fort." He emphasized the following: We hold that the churches of Jesus Christ should be a mighty dynamic in We have not realized in missionabolishing Wlilr. War denies the father- ary effort sufficiently nor understood hood of God, scorns the brotherhood 0] that it is the way of life of the misman, mocks the sacredness of human sionary in details that gives the conlife, is merciless to helpless women and verting touch rather than the words children, uses falsehood, ignores justice, he speaks or the dogma he presents. releases the passions, and cultivates hate, India is sensitive, observant-demands War means everything that Jesus did that the way of daily life shall be the not mean, and means nothing that He message. To be is more important did mean. than to do. Quality is esteemed, As Suggested Next Steps in Peace Education for Children it is recommended:

WOMAN'S HOME MISSION

EDITED BY FLORENCE E. QUINLAN, 105 East 22d Street, New York WEST INDIES port the largest success, having re- ceived $140,000. The Baptists have porto Rico Relief received $67,000, the Episcopal Church approximately $55,000, the Congrega- The hurricane which struck Porto tionalists $46,000, the Disciples of Rico September 13, 1928, was un- Christ $28,000, and the Methodists out doubtedly the severest tropical storm of funds given also for Florida relief of modern times_ Senator Hiram expect to have available for Porto Rico Bingham who visited the island short- from $15,000 to $20,000. Altogether ly afterward gave it as his judgment sufficient has been received to assure "that no section of the United States the continuance of the evangelical at any time had suffered damage in movement with unimpaired vigor. proportion to that which Porto Rico had, in the area covered, the produc- One of the most important phases tive property destroyed, and the num- of relief administered by the Red ber of people made homeless and de- Cross is the aid given to families in pendent." . rebuilding their homes. A large pro- portion of Porto Rican laborers had The property losses, suffered by the previously lived as squatters on large evangelical churches were approxi- estates in shacks of flimsy construcmately as follows: Baptist, $60,000; tion. Very rightly the Red Cross was Christian, $3,500; Congregational, unwilling to put money into construc- $40,000; Disciples, $51,000; Episco- tion of laborers' homes on land bepal, $118,600; Methodist, $40,000; longing to others. Plans are being Presbyterian, $90,000; United Breth- formulated for the creation of hamren, $3,600. These figures represent lets, where agricultural workers can replacement values. The heavy loss live close to their work and yet in suffered by the Episcopal Church is independence of the estates for which represented principally in the destruc- they work. This means a new organtion of their hospital in Ponce_ ization of rural life, having in it great possibilities for good and making In addition to above losses, some of easier the evangelization of the counthe missions report losses in the mat- try people. ter of self-support. The Congregational Board estimates that it will need The Oaribbean Oongress on Ohristian $5,000 for scholarships to keep children in their school and $5,000 for Work charity work in their hospital. The Presbyterian Board estimates that it A committee in Havana and another, will have to make good some $20,000 in New York are preparing the proin revenues of hospital and churches. gram of this important conference, The Baptist Board will have to make which will embrace missions in Colomgood some $2,400 for the first year bia, Venezuela, Central America, Mexin pastoral support; in addition to ico, and the West Indies, and will also this sum it is asking for money for include the Spanish-speaking churches relief of pastors who have lost all their of the United States. It will be held possessions. in Havana, June 20-30, and will be The response to the special appeal for reconstruction and relief funds predominantly Spanish-speaking, a was very unequal in the different de- majority of the delegates being nation- nominations. The Presbyterians re- als of the different countries.

475

Neglected Churches 1855, by a missionary of the American Baptist Home Mission Society, but A recent visit to America of the long since forgotten by the parent or- Rev. E. Thompson, Secretary of the ganization. Two years ago a Presby- Wesleyan Missionary Society of Great terian missionary in Colombia through Britain has brought afresh to the at- his contacts with members from those tention' of our Home Mission Boards churches brought to the attention of certain problems overlooked in the the Baptist Home Mission Society West Indies. For nearly one hu:r:d~ed their need of a pastor. The island years British Missionary SOCletIes Baptists were able to support a pas- tor, if only one could be se?-t to them. have had work in this area. They have One was sent from the Umted States, founded Christian churches amo~g who remained not quite two years, and Negroes in the British islands and III who brought to the people new coursome neighboring islands under other age and hope. Now an effort is being flags. Many of these churches were made to find another leader for them. brought to self-support, but after- With the backing of the Colombian wards declined and some of them have government, priests and nuns are trybecome extinct due to a lack of sup~r­ ing to make the islands Roman Cathvision and of contact with other Chrls- olic. Pressure is exerted on parents tians. Now that Santo Domingo and to send their children to state schools Haiti have such close governmental where the Roman catechism is taught. relationships with the United States, It has been a severe struggle for the islanders to maintain their own church and have also come under our sphere schools. of commercial influence, the British societies naturally feel that their re- From these examples it is evident sponsibilities should be taken over by that what is needed in certain areas American societies. For example, the of the West Indies is regular visita- Wesleyan Society of London. twen~y­ tion and supervision. Hitherto neither five years ago had eight forelgn. mlS- the American Methodists nor the sionaries in Haiti and Santo Dommgo; American Baptists have been able to now they have but three, and some undertake this new responsibility. of their churches have been left without pastoral care. On Turks Island CHARLES S. DETWEILER. and the Caicos Islands and at three points in Santo Domingo is a neglected THE GOLDEN RULE sphere of churches that owed t~eir life to the Baptist Missionary SOCIety From the Unity Magazine we quote of Great Britain. The population of the Golden Rule as contained in the the Turks and Caicos Islands is about holy writings of each of the seven 5,000, two thirds of whom are listed great religions: as Baptists, and yet they have been left without a pastor, as also the three The Hindu :-uThe true rule is to churches in Santo Domingo: The guard and do by the things of others chapels of these latter are closed and as you do by your own." fast deteriorating. Most of the members were English-speaking Negroes The Buddhist:-"One should seek for from Jamaica. others the happiness one desires for one- self." In St. Andrews and Old Providence, two islands, and one hundred and fifty The Zoroastrian :-uDo as you would miles east of Nicaragua, are seven be done by." thousand English speaking Protestant Negroes under the flag of Colombia, The Confucian :-uWhat you do not whose official religion is the Roman wish done to yourself, do not to others." Catholic. These Negroes have their Baptist churches, orginally founded in The Mohammedan:-"Let none of you treat your brother in 8 way, he himself would dislike to be treated. '

The Jewish:-"Whatsoever you do not wish your neighbor to do to you, do not unto him."

The Christian:-uAIl things whatso- ever ye would that men should do unto you, do ye even so to them."

"But while South Abyssinia is be-

Missionary Fellows,hip in Africa ginning to get a little light, across the border, in the northern part of THE burden of the unreached peo- Kenya, nothing is being done. A few ples of Africa has rested heavily months ago we received the center for many years upon missionaries page of the East African Stawiard, whose labors have brought them into making a definite appeal for some misclose contact with the unfinished task. sion to initiate work among the eight The present year has called forth a or ten neglected tribes of that region. conviction that the time has come to A few weeks later a letter came from seek for the completion of this great a son of Paget Wilkes, who is farming endeavor. To this end, the Africa there, definitely offering for service. Missionary Fellowship (a movement Coinciding with this came the first for the evangelization of unreached gift toward the venture." peopleB) haB come into being not as a new organization, but rather as an American Negroes Not Wanted organism, to seek to coordinate the spiritual forces concerned in the evan- WHY cannot American Negro girls gelization of the great continent. be sent to Africa for missionary The societies cooperating at present service? are'–North Africa: Algiers Mission They could easily be found but the Band, North Africa Mission, South- government of some parts of Africa ern Morocco MiBsion; Centrat Africa: will not llermit American Negro mis- Africa Inland Mission, Qua Iboe Mis- sionaries to come.

sion, Regions Beyond Missionary Un- Presumably the reason is that it is ion, Sudan Interior Mission, Sudan feared that when Africans come into United Mission; South Africa: South contact with American Negroes there Africa Glomeral Mission, Zambesi In- will be a tendency to learn a new love dustrial Mission, Nyasa Mission. The of freedom and, therefore, to become total personnel of these combined so- restless under the limitations imposed cieties exceed g()() missionaries.-The by their white masters. Christian. The Kingdom of God is frequently long delilyed by Government regula- Abyssinian Frontiers Mission tions.

ANOTHER new field has recently Giving ill West Africa .tl been entered for Christ. Alfred THE Bishop of Lagos, writing in E. Buxton in The Christ~bn writes of the Church Missionary Outlook for April, SilYS that the church in his this new frontier mission as follows: diocese pays all its own African work- "On Christmas day, a year will have ers, clergy, catechists, teachers, and elapsed since the first party of nine entered Abyssinia to take the Gospel to the Southern Abyssinian Frontiers. even its African bishops. This is ac- Since that time another nine have complished by the regular systematic sailed, and by the spring, God willing, gifts of every member of the church. the Sudan Interior Mission will have The grace of giving is a remarkable twenty-five workers in that great un- feature in the lives of Christians in evangelized Horn of Africa. West Africa. Not only is there the 477

regular weekly or monthly contribu- great honor in the form of The Medal tion to "church dues," but also the of Native Merit, accompanied by a annual subscription and the thank-of- certificate which reads: ferings. These latter are noteworthy. "The Governor of the Colonies, rep- If a Christian goes on a journey and resentative of the French Republic in returns safely he is sure to give his Cameroun, officer of the Legion of thank-offering. The same is the con- Honor, awards to Bulla Mfum, an in- stant practice when other blessings telligent and devoted native who is a are received, such as recovery from splendid example for his people, and sickness, success in a trading venture, an interne in the Hospital of the or the birth of a child.-Church Mis- American Presbyterian Mission of sionary Society. Elat, where he has served for fifteen In Portuguese Africa years with rare devotion, the Medal of Native Merit." AT THE recent session of the Southf t east Africa M. E. Conference, Bulla Mfum is one of a staff of men connected with Central Hospital, simheld in Gikuki, Portuguese East Af- ilar to internes in hospitals in the rica, it was voted to approve the United States. Voluntarily he as-. plan for the erection of three tuber- sumed the responsibility for night culosis buildings as soon as money is calls in order that the missionary in available. Young men, while working charge might rest. in the gold mines in Johannesburg, contract the disease and after they Machemeje, New Station T return home their relatives do not HE Congregational Fairfield Coun- ty Association of Connecticut some take good care of them, so they come to the missions. So far there has years ago adopted as their "project"

been no place for them to stay, except a young African, C. Kamba Siman- among other patients in dispensaries go, who hoped some day to engage and hospitals. Separate buildings are in missionary work in Portuguese imperative. Each new building will East Africa where he was born. Mr.

cost about $300. Other urgent needs Simango was a child of paganism, be- are a hospital for the insane, and a came a Christian at fourteen, and was home for old women. Old men are persecuted for his faith. Later he cared for by relatives-not so the fled to America where he won honors aged women. at Hampton Institute, was graduated Destruction at Elat from Teachers' College, New York, and holds credentials from the high- I N MARCH a tornado completely de- est educational authorities in Portu- stroyed the Presbyterian Church gal.

building at Elat, West Africa. AI" The opening of the new station in though this catastrophe took place East Africa involved the purchase of shortly before the afternoon service, land, erection of buildings and the no one was injured. When the extent maintenance of a budget, all of which of the damage was seen, $5,000 was quickly collected to replace the build- the Fairfield Association agreed to asing with a brick structure, which the sume. Twenty-five hundred acres of Africans have been wanting for some land have been secured on a ridge 400 time. The congregations number ap- feet above sea level, and the station proximately 2,000 every Sunday. will be called Machemeje.-Mis8io~ ary Herald.

One member of this church deserves special mention, Bulla Mfum, a Chris- A Cannibal Tribe Converted M tian physician who heals not only ONDOMBE on the Congo is in charge of Mr. and Mrs. Moon of the bodies but is vitally interested in the souls of men. The governor of the Disciples of Christ. Ten years Cameroon has recently given him a ago they landed there on the bank

J029] WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

and started life in a rude mud hut. Uprisings Among Moslems They had their long struggle with fever, the chief was unfriendly, and THE Associated Press states that in the first six months they saw the "fear of Moslems that their but three whites with none of whom sacred religion was being underthey could speak because of differing mined by the introduction of the Latlanguage. Now they have a large in alphabet and other measures was plant for hospital, school, and indus- believed to have resulted in plots trial work as well as a church build- which were suppressed by the Governing. During six years they have ment at Sivas and Broussa. baptized 1,683 people and sent out sixty-three converts as evangelists. John "There have been reports of plots Eliya, one of these evangelists, has at Stamboul as well as Sivas and brought a great cannibal tribe almost Broussa, and these have caused conwholly to Christ. Paul Bokese, work- siderable excitement in Constantinople. ing at this station, is the son of a great It was rumored that the plotters were war chief with cannibal past. The arranging an armed revolt against son, standing by the Lord's Table not Ghazi Mustapha Kemal and the Govlong ago, took the cup and said, "This ernment. is not human blood such as our fathers drank, but it becomes to us the "The Moslems at Broussa and Sivas blood of our Master who cleanses us feared that recently introduced refrom sin." Calls for teaching are forms were designed to crush Islam. coming from new tribes.-Sunday The daily newspaper Ikdam said that School Times. the thirty-five Turks recently arrested at Broussa were engaged in spreading WESTERN ASIA propaganda detrimental to the accept- ance of the new A B C's."-The Alli- Mohammedan Youth Associations ance Weekly.

THE "Egyptian Gazette" reports Mosques Demolished in Turkey the following resolutions adopted in the Old Palestine Conference of CONSTANTINOPLE dispatches an- Mohammedan Clubs. nounce that as a consequence of the deposition of the Ottoman Ca- Mohammedan Youth Associations liph and his high priest, the Sheik ul should be founded on the lines of the Islam of the Moslem world. the number Young Men's and Young Women's of mosques in Constantinople has been Christian Associations; that schools found altogether too large. Hence should be opened for the Mohamme- the Angora government, recognizing dan population so that they may be the uselessness of the mosques, has induced not to send their children to decided to sell a hundred or more of schools directed by foreigners; that the small mosques occupying land the Government should be asked to which has increased in value and is increase the capacity of schools and in demand for modern apartment to revise the curriculum; that Arabic houses. The modern Turk devotes badges and an Arabic national hymn less attention to the mosques and since should be introduced, and an Arabic many of these houses of worship are banner with Arabic colors provided; deserted the utilitarian republican that Arabic Boy Scout troups should government has decided that they do be organized and affiliated to the Boy not justify the expense of mainte- Scout Organization of Beirut; that nance. This does not necessarily mean Friday should be observed as a day a decline of religion which has beof rest; that the Arab workers should come a private affair. Turkey, trying be organized in trade unions and eve- to run on western time, lacks the leining schools opened for them; and, sure for the full-time prayer requirefinally, that an Arab theater should ments of the Moslem dispensation. be set up. The last of the projected radical re-

ligious reforms is the change of the Moral instruction, given with the aid public holiday from the traditionally of textbooks containing extracts both Moslem Friday to the Christian Sun- from the Old Testament and the Gosday. This is a utilitarian and not a pels, may be included in the curriculum religious reform, made to put Turkey as a required subject. Further, there in touch financially and commercially is to be no restriction in the holding with the western nations. of voluntary Bible classes, Sunday- schools, or chapel services out of school Turkish Wo:men as Pioneers hours. From experience in other countries there is good reason to ex- T'HE International Review of Mis- pect that the boys and girls in mis- sions publishes an interesting ar- sion schools in Persia will gladly ticle on "Turkish Women as Pio- attend such classes and services, and neers," written by a Western wom- that with their voluntary attendance an resident in Turkey. She gives cred- will come a greater eagerness to listen it to the mission schools as being and respond to the teaching.-Chureh leaders in the emanciapation of wom- Missionary Outlook. en, the first of these to give higher education to girls being Constantinople An Arabian Proble:m Woman's College, which has graduated outstanding and able Turkish women. ONE serious problem of any pioneer Some of these as medical students are mission field, says Dr. Sarah L. giving their energies to the question Hosmon, of Muscat, Arabia, (Reof public health. "The American Hos- formed Church in America) is the necpital in Constantinople, conducts the essity for bringing in trained helpers only training school for nurses in Tur- from other fields, thus introducing key along western lines. This is de- another foreign element into the work. veloping a new and much needed Eastern Christians as a rule are not profession for women. In 1926 the filled with a foreign mission zeal, and Governor of Smyrna invited the Amer- Arabia is one field that tests them ican superintendent of the hospital to severely, for they are placed in a Mosassist him in establishing a baby clinic lem community with little Christian in his city. One of the first Turkish fellowship. They must, of course, graduate nurses was put in charge. learn the language. Then again, their The work of this young trained nurse relatives write of illnesses, or urge is having phenomenal results in the them to find a job nearer home. The reduction of infant mortality. Nursing monotonous diet of the Gulf Stations as a profession in Turkey demands makes for discontent. How to keep the pioneering spirit among girls to these trained helpers happy, contented overcome public opinion, which does and faithful year after year seems not yet set upon it the stamp of social bigger, at times, than all other probapproval." lems combined.

D'i:lliculties Overco:me in Persia The outstanding factor in keeping these helpers at their posts has been MANY have been uniting with the their course of Bible study, the as- missionaries in Persia in earn- signments heavy enough to keep them est prayer for the removal of the busy. God's Word is both inspiring difficulties that threatened the educa- and refreshing. tional work in that land. Now we can give thanks for a great improvement INDIA AND SIAM in the situation. While freedom for religious teaching is not as unfettered New Move:menb in India as before, the restrictions are not such as seriously to hamper the Christian Y OUTH movements have come to teaching and witness in the schools. life spontaneously and simultane- ously in various Provinces of India. Some of them have their own

IH29] WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

newspaper, like that in Bombay, The and on December 9th, he baptized the Y Dung Libemtor. The "Champion headman of the village from which of Awakened Youth" attributes this they had come. These six are said to new movement in India to the influ- be the first Mohammedans to be bapence of the youth of Germany, Tur- tized in the Telugu mission. There is key and Persia. It emphasizes the a large community of Mohammedans results obtained by the youth of China at Kanigiri and it is hoped that many who have contributed more than any more may be brought to accept Christ. other element to the liberation of their country from foreign influences. India.'s Free Women The Young Liberator thus ex- I N KERELA, South West India, presses the aims and ideals of the which is almost entirely cut off by Bombay Youth League. mountain ranges from the rest of the country, Indian women are "free as The object of the League is to promote the air," and have enjoyed full prounion among the youth of the Bombay prietary righ ts in the property of the presidency by the pursuit of common family of which they are members. ideals, and by means of common organ- This was stated in an address to the ization, to infuse in them the spirit of All India Women's Social Conference, service and self-sacrifice, and to prepare by Her Highness Maharani Setu Parthem for the service of the motherland, vatibayi, the Junior Maharani of Trawith a view to achieving complete na- vancore. As quoted in the Calcutta tional independence for India. Modern Review, she said: The Leagu€ approves communalism "In my own country of Kerela, the in every form, and fosters among its woman is the pivot of the family, and members a tolerant and cosmopolitan her rights are fundamental and extenoutlook; it works for the abolition of sive. A large proportion of the propantiquated social and religious -cus- erty in Malabar stands in the name of toms; it seeks increased facilities for the woman as the head of the housephysical and military training in hold, and innumerable examples of schools, and colleges. It aims at the careful management and masterly adpromotion of Swadeshi; seeks to de- ministration can be produced." vise ways and means to mitigate unemployment among youth; demands The Indian Nationalist editor of the introduction of free and compul- The Madel'n Review, Babu Ramananda sory primary education throughout Chatterjee, says that the conference the presidency, and the extension of over which her highness presided was higher and vocational education; and largely attended by women from all seeks to develop in the youth the hab- parts of India belonging to the Hindu, it of a sound study of public questions Moslem, and other religious commuand independence of thought. It seeks nities. It discussed and passed resoto promote an understanding of in- lutions on such important topics as ternational questions, and to further the abolition of purdah, marriage of other activities in which the youth of widows, rescue of minor girls, remodthe country are vitally interested. eling of primary and secondary edu- cation, adult education, revision of This is the first time that any movec laws of inheritance, abolition of dowment in India has taken up so definite ry to the son-in-law, revision of faca position in favor of the independence tory laws, and equal moral rights for of the country in opposition to the men and women. politicians, who are at present merely demanding "home rule." The Maharani-Mother of Travan- core would sweep aside all vestige of Mohammeda.n Baptisms purdah from every part of India, do away with child-marriage and widow- ON NOVEMBER 9th the American hood, and eradicate other evils from Baptist missionary, George H. which Indian society suffers. Brock, of Kanigiri, South India, baptized five young Mohammedan men, S

"Throughout South India women ers of spirits, who, nevertheless, had now have the vote on the same terms a legend of a lost book of life which as men. In Travancore and in Mysore some day was to be returned to them women may be elected as councilors. by strangers from over the ocean. Ko Campaigns in Bengal and Behar have Tha Byu was for twelve years until recently re1ulted in women getting his death a tireless evangelist among the municipal vote. There are women his own people. Octob~r 22 to 29, 1928, councilors in Madras, and the United the Karens entertained the Burma Provinces of India have given qualified Baptist Convention in Tavoy in order women equal political rights with men to celebrate the 100th anniversary of for the Legislative Council, District their Christian beginnings. There are Municipalities and Local Boards." now between 60,000 and 70,000 Chris- tians among this people.-Watchman- New Avenu." for Bible Teaching Examiner.

DAILY Vacation Bible Schools are very new in Burma, but the first Sixty Yean in Siam T year proved their worth so effective- HE year 1928 completed 60 years ly that five more were organized of mission work in Chiengmai. In last year. Miss Mary Phillips of the 1868 there was a nucleus of four American Baptist Mission, writes: Christians; last year the enrollment "Besides outlining a definite pro- in Chiengmai church alone was 992.

gram adapt(ld to the needs of Burma, Beginning with no schools, there are all the Bible stories and character now a college, theological seminary, stories had to be written and trans- an academy, training school for nurses lated into Burmese. About forty and a hospital. In addition, a leper young people from the college, high asylum has had unprecedented growth.

schools and seminaries volunteered to The evangelistic influence of schools help in the schools. That, of course, and hospital has been strengthened by meant sacrificing their own vacations. such organizations as "The King's Because of the extreme heat we found Daughters," Temperance Association it necessary to begin at seven o'clock and "Friends of the Word." Children in the morning and finish at ten, but have their own organizations, super- that did not mean that the work for the vised by teachers.

teachers was finished for the day. The A novel movement was begun by a teachers every morning met for prayer Buddhist priest, who proposed that fifteen minutes before the opening of groups from the city church meet with school. At noon time they divided in- the priests in the Buddhist temple to to groups and went out to make calls discuss the relative merits of Chris- in the homes of the pupils. Through tianity and Buddhism. Influential this quiet home work a number of Buddhists objected, and this was dis- adults confessed their faith in Christ continued.

and not a few children from Buddhist homes expressed their desire to be- CHINA AND TIBET come Christians.-Watchman-Exam- . The Truth About China iner. AN EDITORIAL from China's Mil- One Hundred Years Old ftlions gives an idea of present con- ditions in China: ONE hundred years ago, on May 16th, 1828, in Tavoy, Burma, Rev. Many statements might be made in George Dana Boardman baptized Ko regard to the present situation which are Tha. Byu, former slave, robber, mur- indisputably true, and yet need careful quaJjfication lest they convey a false or derer. He was a Karen, a people who unbalanced impression. A cursory readmake up one-tenth of the population ing of reports from Kweichow, Szechof Burma-a timid, irresolute and wan and Kiangsi, emphasize the danger servile people a century ago, worship- and insecurity of residence there ont of all proportion to the facts. Probably

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

none of our rnission stations is altogeth- lief is now practical. The Chinese er free frorn the possible menace of Govemment is doing everything in banditry, yet in the great majority of its power to relieve conditions; has stations that menace is so remote as to appropriated $10,000,000 (mex.) for be practically negligible, at any rate for the greater part of the year. But a relief and ordered all officials to consudden upsetting of the balance of pow- tribute from twenty to one hundred er, perhaps the suppression of some lo- per cent of one month's pay for recal military leader, may at any time lief. $1,000 will save a village. $1 bring danger nearer. The risks which will feed one victim for one month. missionaries, in common with the Chi- nese, may be running are sufficient to Two per cent of the population have keep us fervent in prayer for them. already died from cold and starvation. But, while they take all reasonable pre- cautions, they dare not wait for the re- Whole villages are desolate. Sixty pel'

establishment of order before grasping cent of the draft animals have been the present opportunity for proclaiming sold. Twenty per cent of the peasantthe Gospel throughout China. ry have evacuated their homes. The Shensi government is operating gruel The National Government of China, while nominally in control of the whole country, and supported by a growing kitchens, but their resources are enpublic opinion in every province, extends tirely inadequate. only an uncertain jurisdiction over districts remote from Nanking, and may Once again the missionary forces sometimes fail to control one or other of are grappling with the grim monster those powerful military leaders who profess allegiance to it. of famine. Dr. Rawlinson, editor of the Chinese Recorder, writing from China Famine Relief Shanghai, gives it as his opinion that SUFFERING in China is intense the estimates of the government and and widespread. It is reported to the Famine Relief Commission are be much worse than in 1920 to 1921. . conservative. These official groups have put the probable number of des- This is not only due to continued titute at 20,000,000 in ni~e provinces. war and unrest but comes largely from floods and inability to plant He adds another 5,000,000 on the basis and harvest crops. Plant life is en- of reports reaching him.

tirely gone in many sections. Recent reports state that 20,000,000 Chinese Gains in Chinese ChUl'ch D are affected. 4,000,000 famine victims R. HENRY T. HODGKIN, who is an authority on missionary afl'equire immediate aid and daily thou- sands are dying. Entire families are fairs in China, says in The China committing suicide in some instances Weekly Review: "Looking back on the rather than face starvation. Women short period of anti-Christian agita- and girls are sold (for $100 and up) tion we can count gains that outweigh for food or are left to suffer worse losses, and the church has been pre- than physical death. pared to serve China in new and larg- The China Famine Relief Commis- er ways. It is no small fact that many sion of U. S. A. has its headquarters of the leading men in China today are at 205 East 42d Street, New York. the product of Christian schools and Dr. S. Parkes Cadman is Chairman, are deeply influenced by Christian Dr. Sydney L. Gulick, Secretary and thought, if not themselves Christians.

James A. Thomas, Treasurer. "The This is perhaps the way above all oth- situation in Suiyan, Shensi and Kan- ers in which the church is serving and su is extreme" says a dispatch from will serve the nation-through person- the American Committee in China. alities who have caught something of This committee is composed of busi- the Christian spirit and have been, as ness men and missionaries. The gov- it were, given to China by the church.

emment is taking effective measures When we think of the very small pro- against banditry. Railway transpor- portion of Christian to non-Christian tation is improving. Emergency re- Chinese and of the fact that to a large

extent Christian work has been among quired faith for a Chinese girl to enthe poorer classes, it is really aston- ter college and to stay; hope-the ishing to see to what an extent this hope of better homes and a better nacontribution has been made and is be- tion through the Christian education ing accepted by China today." of women; and love-a love rooted in the love of God.-Christian Advocate.

The Christ for China THAT Christ needs China and China "Useless" Deities Abolished needs Christ is the opinion of C. Y. Cheng, General Secretary of the T HE government of the province of National Christian Council of China. Kwangtung, China, has issued a Enlarging on this thought Mr. Cheng circular stating that all "useless" says: deities and temples are to be demol- ished, but that the good and useful "China needs a Christ who is simple ones are to remain and will be used. and not hopelessly entangled in creeds for other purposes. Among the latter and dogmas; China needs a Christ are the deified sages and philosophers who is natural and not foreign; China of old who have rendered meritorious needs a Christ who is constructive service and have lived exemplary lives; and not destructive; China needs a also all pure and undefiled religions Christ who saves and will be her friend by whom "men indicate recognition unto the end. Such a Christ has never of a god or gods to whom obedience been rejected in the past and will not and honor are due" are to be protected be rejected in the days to come. 'We and preserved. These include Mohamwould see Jesus,' is the voice of many medanism and Christianity of the thoughtful Chinese today. Christian monotheistic religions, and Buddhism missionaries and Chinese church work- and Taoism of pantheistic religions.

ers who can introduce men and women All ancient gods and goddesses who to the real Jesus are needed in China were invented and worshiped in fear now more than ever before." of some superhuman or overruling power long before the advent of exact Chinese Head for Ginling science, are to be destroyed on the ground that such worship is sheer ON NOVEMBER 3, 1928, there oc- superstition.-Alliance Weekly. curred a significant event in China's new capital, Nanking- Miss Yi-Fang Wu was made President of Exchange Professors Ginling College. The following day A YEAR ago a gift of $2,000,000 the college celebrated its 14th birth- was made to Harvard University day. The new president is a member as an endowment for the exchange of the first graduating class. of professors between Harvard and Peking Universities. The first pro- The story of Ginling College is as fessor to go from the Chinese Unifascinating as a romance, yet in real- versity to Harvard under this ity records the triumph of Christian faith, hope and love. Fifteen years provision is Dr. William Hung, seago higher education for women was lected by the two universities as "the unheard of in China; one year later ablest Chinese to explain Chinese cul- eleven Chinese girls were enrolled in ture to American students." He is a the first class of the first woman's graduate of Ohio Wesleyan University, college. Five years ago a group of Union Theological Seminary and Cobeautiful buildings were dedicated. lumbia University. It is not surpris- Three things the founders built into ing that one hears less now than he the foundation of the college: faith- did a few years ago about Christianity for it required faith even to think of denationalizing its adherents in the establishing a college in China for the great countries of Asia. It has not so higher education of women, and it re- much denationalized as international-

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

ized. Dr. Hung interpreting China to From the Hokkaido Mr. Kagawa the West will do a valuable work for went to the cities of Kanazawa, Taka- China and a not less valuable work for oka, and Toyama. In these cities nine- America. He can serve both countries teen meetings were held, attended by because he has trained himself to be 5,673 people. In the public meetings international in understanding and 284 people, and in a Christian girls'

sympathy.-Indian Witness. school 204 girls manifested a purpose to become Christians. During Decem- JAPAN-CHOSEN ber Mr. Kagawa pressed the battle of International Relations Conference evangelism in the far-flung Manchuri- an field, working in the centers having AN INTERN ATION AL Relations a large Japanese population. .t. Conference is to be held in Kyoto Campaigns have also been held in next November under the name Pa- Osaka, Yokohama, and twelve other cific Relations Institute. large cities. At the request of the Japanese Christians in Korea cam- All nations bordering upon the Pa- paigns have been held in six of the cific ocean will be invited to partici- principal cities in that area. Everypate. The institute will be open to where the meetings are characterized research and deliberation upon any by a large attendance and a profound subject believed by the public in the interest. various lands to be germane to harmonious international relationships. Paul Kanamori hopes for at least Much has been said lately of the need 1,000 conversions from a recent Tokyo for a thorough and impartial investi- campaign, comprising four sessions gation of the whole program of "for- daily for six days, one whole day beeign missions" as a factor in ing given to prayer. He also writes: establishing world brotherhood and "Last year our one hundred and sixty peace. It now seems uncertain that churches have all become self-supportmissions will have any place on the ing, not receiving any help from outprogram. Nevertheless, with appraisals of missionary work and its results side. Our 200 pastors and evangelists varying so widely according to wheth- have given up their regular salaries, er one approaches a missionary, a man and are working according to the comin business or in diplomatic service, mandment of the Lord Jesus in Mator a native of the land concerned, it thew 10, looking to God for their daily would seem that mission boards and food. I believe the realization of the supporters of missions should be quick purpose of the million soul-saving to see the possibilities in such a study campaign is not far off.

in the fair atmosphere of a scientific- ally-minded conference on social prob- Growth in Korea lems in the Pacific basin.-Christian A~'TER: twenty-five years. of seed Centur1j. .t. SOWIng there ·are now In South Chtilla Province, Korea, fifty-five or- Campaign for Million Converts ganized churches and 250 unorgan- DURING last November Toyohiko ized groups of Christians, each with a Kagawa invaded the Hokkaido building and all supported by native and spent almost a month in six of converts. Soonchun has the largest its principle cities. All told, he held one-doctor medical work in Korea.

fifty-eight meetings. These meetings The government has built fine auto were attended by 27,264 people and roads and daily service cars ply their 1,,112 took a stand as "deciders." The trade in all directions. A railroad meeting places were constantly runs from Seoul to Mokpo, passing crowded and again and again hundreds through Kwangju, and daily steamers had to be turned away because there ply to and from the many ports on the was not even standing room for them. coast. A new railway is under con-

struction from the local ports of South He met with much acceptance, and ChuBa Province to Seoul, and another many open doors for service in the from ]'usan passing through Soon- various churches and mission halls. chun to Mokpo, thus linking this sec- His record of service for the year tion up with the whole world. Post 1928 is as follows :-Meetings in offices, banks, telegraph and telephone churches and halls 278, open-air serv- ·offices and strict police supervision ices 64, Sunday-schools spoken to 32, everywhere, make life safe and pleas- tracts and booklets, etc. given away ant. 9,233.

The Power of Christ He has traveled altogether 8,481 miles, of which he has walked 1,670. FROM the Presbyterian Church in Mr. Lewis went out again shortly after Korea comes two incidents which Christmas into the far distant parts illustrate the strength of the Korean of New South Wales. Christian: UHung up" in New Guinea A poor woman came to the Presbyterian missIOnaries at Chairyung, REV. G. P. LASSAM of the Meth- Chosen (Korea), for one month's odist Missionary Society of Ausstudy of the Word. She had saved but tralia, tells of a discouraging-encoura pittance from her business, and, aging experience in preaching to anyway "my stupid old brain is not Papuans-an experience paralleled in worth more' than a month of study." many mission fields. Describing a But when at the end of the time she service on the New Guinea coast, he gave an almost perfect recitation of says: "A hymn is announced but the Paul's second missionary journey, she congregation has 110 hymn books, so changed her decision and stayed, con- the singing is left to the student asvinced that "the entrance of the Word sistant and myself; the latter is a giveth light." shy little chap, so the hymn becomes a solo by the preacher. Then the A little girl in Chairyung, Chosen, prayer and the Lord's Prayer, in slipped out of the back gate of her which a number of the folk join. The father's compound to go to the evan- address is on 'The Lost Sheep.' Presgelistic meetings, When she returned ently I am 'hung up' for a Papuan her father threatened to kill her un- word, and as I look round on the conless she would promise to have nothing gregation it appears as though it more to do with the Jesus doctrine. would not matter much if I were She would not promise and endured 'hung up' for the whole sermon. About all but death for her faith, Today she half the men are asleep. In a corner is the wife of a leader in the church, a baby and a pup are enjoying a scrap a Sunday-school teacher, treasurer of over a piece of pig left over from the the women's missionary society, and feast. This engages the attention ·of is still striving to win to Christ the about half the women and several of members of her father's household. the men. A passing launch causes most of those who are awake to gaze ISLANDS OF THE SEA out to the sea and in an undertone exclaim, 'They don't observe the Sab- An Australian "Out-Back" Evangelist bath, at any rate.' The sermon goes on to a conclusion; the preacher is a THE attention given to rural dis- bit doubtful as to the amount of good tricts is reaching Australia, as is that the congregation are deriving evidenced by the account of Philip from it, Then another hymn, the Lewis who has recently returned from closing prayer and benediction. There a trip through Queensland. He visited is a new baby to be baptized; then right up into Northern Queensland, we are ready to go home. passing through such places as Townsville, Cairns, Mackay, Rockhampton, Gympie, Stanthorpe, Toowoomba, and many other places.

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

"I really begin to wonder whether this number, are enrolled in the Sunany good has been done by the serv- day-schools. It is estimated that 25% ice, and turn to go home disappointed. are Mohammedan, approxjmately 50'/0 Just at this point the student pipes Chinese, and the remainder chiefly up, 'Sir, this man wants to speak to Batak, with a small percentage Indian. you.' I turn to see a man well on in All along the line the work feels new years. standing patiently. He asks: impetus and encouragement.

"'Sir, is all that you said about New- CODlluission Formed Jesus being a Shepherd and seeking the lost sheep true?' METHODIST leaders in Malaysia, .. 'Yes, certainly it is all true.' .i under strong conviction that more "'And would He seek for me and attention should be given to Sundayhelp me when He finds me?' school work and the teaching of the ,. 'Yes.' Bible in the day schools, have 01'-' ganized the Malaysia Commission of .. 'Then I want to become a church Religious Education, with a full ti;ne member.' secretary, R. Dean Swift. As evidence of the need, the small enrolment of "He became a good Christian. the Sunday-schools has been cited. 'Hung up' yet lifting up the Saviour." their deficient organization, the lack of teachers, the scarcity of suitable The First Maori Bishop teaching materials, the unsatisfadory condition of religious teaching in the CHRISTIANITY has made great day schcols, the comparatively small progress in the last few decades proportion of pupils who become amongst the Maoris, the natives of Christians, as well as numerous other New Zealand. The general assembly facts. of the Anglican Church there has now been able to carry out a long cherished The new ~ommission has reviEwed plan; it has created an independent the situation, outlinei ,I comprehensive Maori diocese with a Maori bishop at program and decided upon certain imits head. Frederick Augustus Bennett, mediate obje~tives. Among these: to who has worked as a clergyman better organize and grade Sundayamongst the Maoris, was recently schools and supply suitable curriculum consecrated Bishop of Aotearoa. The material; to enlist more lay workers; ceremony took place in St. John's Cathedral, Napier, in the presence of to help parents tlppreciate the impol'ta large congregation of Maoris and whites. ance of properly training the young; and to seek to make religion more SUlllatra ReQrganizes real.-Malaysia Message.

T HE first session of the Sumatra NORTH AMERICA Mission Conference, a merger of the North Sumatra Mission Confer- Plans for Church Union ence and the Netherlands Indies Methodist Conference, held January 24-28, THE trend toward unity among sevmarked the beginning of a new chap- eral Protestant denominations ter in Methodism in the Dutch East seems to gather momentum. Congre- Indies. The sessions gave a real sense gationalists and Christians have of corporate unity. Plans were an- drafted a plan to be presented to forthnounced for dividing the conference coming national conventions of area into three distr-icts, South Suma- the two bodies. A commission of the tra, Asahan District and Medan Dis- Methodist Episcopal and one of trict. the Presbyterian Church in the United States of America are carrying on ne- Over 1,800 pupils are studying in gotiations for closer union. Repre- Methodist day schools in Sumatra, and sentatives of the Disciples and of the probably another 200, not included in Northern Baptists are also conferring

for the same purpose, and a plan for Enterprise. A third group was made organic union is being promoted be- up of publicity leaders.

tween the Presbyterian Church (North) and the Reformed Church in College League of Nations T America. HE colleges of Ohio held their first Recently, a basis of union has been intercollegiate Model Assembly of agreed upon by representatives of the the League of Nations at Ohio Wes- Reformed Church in the United States, leyan University on April 19th and the United Brethren in Christ and the 20th, with 27 colleges participating.

Evangelical Synod of North America. On the same dates the colleges of If officially adopted, this will result in Michigan held a similar gathering at a new "United Church in America" Ann Arbor. They met last year at .with more than a million members. Lansing.

Young people, in their own gather- The colleges of New England met ings, are also endorsing movements for a Model Assembly at Mount Holy- which have as a basis cooperation of oke College on April 13th, while col- effort for all who desire to live accord- leges in the central region held a ing to the teaching and spirit of Jesus Model Assembly at the University of Christ. Chicago on May 3d and 4th.

The colleges of the middle Atlantic Denominations Get Together region took part in a very successful AN IMPORTANT conference of de- Model Assembly at Vassar on Febru- 1..nominational leaders was held ary 23d, and fourteen institutions par- March 19th to 21st, in Atlantic City, ticipated in one at the University of N. J., to consider the financial and Southern California on March 21st.

promotional work of the several de- At least thirteen colleges are hold- nominations. Their topics included: ing individual Model Assemblies for "Why Do People Give Permanent their own campuses, while Reed Col- Funds to Charity?" By Edward T. De- lege was host to nine high schools of vine, Executive Officer, Bellevue-York- Portland, Oregon, when they met for ville Health Demonstration in the City a Model Assembly in April. of New York. SOIne City Evils "Channels Through Which Personal IntE'rest Expresses Itself." By Ralph G. l'IORAL conditions in New York Hurlin, of the Russell Sage Foundation. if City are reported, by the "Com- "Discrimination as to Appropriate Instruments Fitting the Method of the mittee of Fourteen" which has been Giver." By Raymond N. Ball, Treas- conducting an extensive investigation, urer, University of Rochester, Rochester, to be worse than ever. The lack of N. Y., and Albert St. Peter, of the Equi- law enforcement, the prevalence of table Life Assurance Societv. "speakeasies," the intemperate and vicious "night clubs" and similar re- "The Technique of Coop~ration." By sorts, are responsible for much of the William S. Beard, of the National Coun- crime and commercialized vice. The cil of Congregational Churches. committee reports "one syndicate which furnishes women to 180 evil re- "Guarantees of IntegTity and Hon- sorts in New York City …… Not beesly." By Mark M. Jones, Consulting ing forced (by the state) to take out Economist. licenses or to open to the police at all "Economic Changes as Affecting Investment of Charitable Funds." Bv Leland Rex Robinson, President of the Second International Securities Corporation of America.

A group of executives also discussed times, as formerly, these places lock such topics as the Making of Budgets; themselves against the police. Evi- Every Member Canvass; Coordina- dence of the vicious character of the tion; Propel' Balance Between Local place is hard to establish by raids.

Expense and Foreign Benevolence; The Federal police can make raids but and Spiritu3lizing the Money-Raising they are only looking for intoxicating

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

liquor and it is not their concern Anniversaries Celebrated whether the place is an immoral re- T HE Chinese Presbyterian Church s()rt Qr n()t . . . . . . Recruiting is large- and Day Schools in San Francisco ly done through advertisements for celebrated anniversaries on Dec. 7th 'hostesses.' These resorts are grow- when the church was 75 years old and ing bolder." Before New York be- the day school reached its 50th birthcomes more like Sodom, aroused public day. The pastor, Rev. Tse Kei Yuen, sentiment should put an end to this wrote a historical drama which the lawlessness and open vice. young people enacted. This drama portrayed the founding of the church Beliefs of University Students in 1853, the founding of the day school A CENSUS of religious beliefs in 1878, and early missionaries in the among University of Wisconsin West who helped to establish work for students resulted in answers repre- Orientals. The kindergarten children senting 34 faiths by 6,479 out of 9,- portrayed the organization of the day 042 registrants, according to a com- and evening schools, dressed in quaint, pilation just completed by the univer- old styled costumes, some wearing sity statistician. The census is the false queues. Chinese churches of all first of its kind conducted at the uni- denominations were represented in the versity. Of those who expressed their audience.-Women and Missions.

affiliations, 1,042 named the Roman Catholic Church, 1,018 Lutheran, 959 Indian Missionaries W Methodist, 887 Congregational, 680 ITH true missionary zeal the re- ligious council of the poverty- Presbyterian, 553 Jewish, 441 Episcopalian, 235 Baptist, and 189 Chris- stricken Pima Indians at their monthly tian Science. These nine faiths repre- meeting recently raised $20 to match sent 93 per cent of the total answers. a conditional amount of $10, offered by their pastor, Dr. Dirk Lay, to send The Negro in A,merica representatives to the Papago Indian T HE Board of National Missions reservation to preach the gospel. announces the completion of a new stereopticon lecture – "The Onward Leaving Sacaton, their headquar- March"-on the Negro in America. ters, they reached the first Papago Here we see the colored man in a very village about 28 miles to the south. intimate way: his isolation on a mea- After calling on all the Indians there gre farm in the rural south; his they made an arrangement with the home, a tumble-down shack; his chil- chief to hold a service the following Sunday around the campfire.

dren, neglected mentally and spiritual- At Komalee which they reached fif- teen miles further on at dusk they ly. Then the mission school! Boys and prepared to camp for the night. girls come on foot or muleback, come Around the campfire, service was held leading cows whose milk must pay with about sixteen Indians present. their way. In many of the schools everyone earns part of his or her tui- So they visited village after village, tion by working on the farm or in the camp after camp, meeting after meet- kitchen. With what persistency do ing, until in ten days' time, by early these young people pursue an educa- rising and late retiring, the following tion! Throughout, the lecture is an villages were visited: Chu-chu, Koma- absorbing one. Negro churches, Ne- lee, ·Wiewawaa, Anigam, Santa Rosa, gro community life, Negro leaders- Covered Wells, White Wells, Cheerpaw, all are treated in a wholesome, ap- Gacah, Corporosity, Charco, Ajo, pealing manner. The final note is Charles' Well, and Gila Bend Village.

challenging. The progress of this race During the trip 698 miles were cov- has been epochal. But the march to- ered, 14 villages were covered, 64 per- ward a new day must go onward. sonal calls made and eight services

held at which there were 133 present. the churches during the year, for the -Presbyterian Magazine. promotion of intercession for a deeper spiritual life among the Mexican peo- LATIN AMERICA ple."-The Chri8tian Observer.

Evangelical Church in Mexico Haitian Gospel Mission CHEERING news of the growth of HAITI, "The Black Republic," is the Evangelical Church in Mexi- dark in more senses than one for co comes from Dr. W. A. Ross, presi- it has long been neglected by evan- dent of the Evangelical Seminary of gelical Christian missionaries. One of Mexico, who says: the workers now engaged in the evan- gelization of the islanders, writes: "I "From several things recently, we have just returned from La Tortue have been forcibly reminded of the where I spent twenty days assisting strength of the Evangelical Church of with the mission work. In a village Mexico. At the recent National Con- called La Vallee, thirty-six people vention of the Evangelical forces of gathered for a Gospel service in the Mexico, we saw Protestantism at its house of one of the converts and only best. Representatives from all of the two could read! There were two Christian Churches attended. chairs so that the congregation was obliged to squat on the mud floor or "There were present 143 registered on logs of wood. delegates from outside the city of Aguascalientes. The popular meetings . At morning family prayers five confilled the large auditorium, and even verts engaged in prayer. Several have the conferences for study morning and asked for baptism, but as few of the afternoon were attended by from 100 people are married legally, and as to 200. These registered delegates many men have more than one "wife," came from sixteen of the twenty-eight there are serious family matters to be states of the Mexican Republic and put right before these converts will represented thirteen religious bodies. be fit for church membership. A real This shows that the leadership has work of grace is going on in the passed from the hands of the foreign- hearts and lives of some of the people ers to the Mexicans. That is the goal on the island, but we must be patient of all mission work. The men and until the seed sown has been watered women in the convention well pre- by the Hely Spirit, and has had time pared to take this leadership were to germinate. only a few of the many scattered throughout the country. As soon as funds permit, we are anxious to build a small Gospel Hall "There is a spirit of harmony and on the island, where we may be able brotherly love in this great Evangel- to invite the people to sit on benches ical Church in Mexico. They are now while listening to the Gospel instead making their plans to be missionaries of squatting on the mud floor of a nato the great untouched areas of the tive hut.-J. Alfred Pearce, Port-decountry that every phase of the life Paix, Haiti. of Mexico may be brought under the subjection of our Lord Jesus Christ. Cuba and Mexico Fraternize There is a spirit of earnest prayer and of intercession which bespeaks ANEW era in church development in well for the future of the Evangelical Latin America is opened by a Church. visiting delegation from Cuba to Mexico to discuss cooperation between "There was appointed a committee the evangelical forces of these two called the 'Upper Room Committee' countries, especially plans for an Evanwhose special work for the year is to gelical Congress, to be held in Havana, form Prayer Circles, to call together June 20-30, 1929. Such themes as small groups who shall meet in quiet places for prayer, to be a center for

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

Solidarity, Literature, the Church in may be that they are descendants of the Community, work among indig- various groups of Spanish explorers enous races and various educational who swarmed through the mountains problems were discussed. centuries ago.

The Cuban delegation was advised Settlements of white Indians are that Mexico would send 47 delegates also supposed to exist in the Amazon to Havana in June, instead of the 35 Valley. The origin of these remains assigned to her, and that representa- a mystery and many support the be- tives of some of the women's organiza- lief that they are of pure Indo- tions would also be there. From Porto European ancestry.

Rico, 25 delegates will represent The popular explanation is that various denominations at the Con- white fishermen or expeditionaries gress. Dr. John Howard, for many were lost in storms or carried by ocean years President of Union Theological currents to the Brazilian coast. It is Seminary of Mexico City, will repre- also thought that the Catalonian name sent Southern California, and Dr. of the Canary Islands, Canarios, proves George W. Hinman will represent the that the South American Indians American Missionary Association. knew of their existence in connection with white people. Translated into Sunday-Schools in Brazil the Indian language the word Canario THE Eleventh Convention of the means "white country." – Alliance World's Sunday-School Association Weekly. will be held in Rio de Janeiro, July, 1932. The Seventh National Conven- EUROPE tion of the Brazil Sunday-School Union The British Federation of Youth convened recently in Juiz de Fora and T HE British Federation of youth was declared by all who participated has affiliated to it twenty-seven to have been the most successful and youth organizations in Great Britain inspiring interdenominational gather- representing a membership of about ing ever held in Brazil. There were 100,000. The general basis of mem- 158 registered delegates, which also bership is support of work for interwas a record. The division was Meth- national understanding and world odists 64, Presbyterians 59, Congre- peace. At a recent meeting of the Asgationalists 17, Independent Presby- sembly the tasks assumed by the terians 10, Episcopalians 6, Others 2. Vlrorld Youth Peace Conference were Most of the delegates were given hos- entrusted to the Dutch Federation of pitality at Granberry College, the Youth for Peace, which, according to largest educational institution of the a resolution passed at the Conference, Southern Methodists in Brazil. The is to constitute the Continuation Sec- Convention sessions were held in the retariat for such questions. The procollege chapel, and the classrooms were gram of work for the coming years used for group meetings. The spirit was also drawn up in outline. It is of joyous Christian fellowship devel- proposed to continue the usual methoped under these circumstances was a ods for the promotion of international revelation to many whose experience understanding amongst youth-interhas been limited to denominational national correspondence, youth tours, gatherings. study outlines on international ques- White Indians in Peru tions, observation of the International Goodwill Day (lSth May), etc. An T HE Associated PTe.s8 reports re- essential element of this work is to be gions in the Peruvian Sierras the recognition of the changed psywhere the inhabitants are white and chological outlook of the characteristic some have blue eyes and blond hair. younger generation of youth that has The explanation of this phenomenon no memory of the World War, and the

need for educational methods suitable mocracy; Christianity and Socialism, to them. and Christianity and Internationalism.

Bible Testimony Fellowship -Christian Century.

HE Bible Testimony Fellowship is A Bible School in Austria Tseeking to reach the smaller towns T of Great Britain by means of a HE Southeastern Europe Bible School near Villach, Austria, has "Counties' Campaign," the plan being trained and sent out twenty-four to take a county or part of a county young men – Hungarians, Bulgarians, and arrange for central meetings on Serbians, Greeks, and Roumanians to four consecutive days at strategic work in their national churches. Re- points, and to visit systematically cently the Second Balkan Conference every home within a given radius. was held at Nova Pazova under the An envelope containing a typed let- auspices of this school, and there ter, drawing attention to the claims gathered a large group of Christian and value of the Bible, a leaflet invit- workers for Bible study and considera- ing to the nearest central meeting, tion of mission problems. Vilna is and a Gospel, is delivered from door famous for its order, cleanliness, to door, and opportunity sought for thrift, industry, and prosperity, quite direct personal work on the spot, in contrast with the dirt and disorder while. by means of open-air meetings, of the surrounding population. The Bible posters; and other methods, the inhabitants are pestered by Croat and Fellowship hopes to bring the Bible Serb beggars and thieves and during prominently before the minds of the the whole existence of the colony it people. The first campaign was opened has never been possible to go to work in East Devon, where the work pro- in the fields without putting watchmen ceeded energetically under the aus- to guard the villages. Mr. Ebehard ,ices of a local committee, assisted by Phildius, Principal of this Bible an agent of the Fellowship. School, has recently been in America Protestant Church in France and has won many strong friends for this important evangelical work. .x~THOuGH there are only about a Those who wish to know more of the million Protestants in France, the Southeastern Europe Bible School Protestant churches exercise an in- may write to William Albert Harbison, fluence in the life of the country en- Graybar Building, New York City.

tirely out of proportion to their mem- bership. The leaders of the various Godless Russia Protestant groups have felt for some THOSE whose hearts are stayed on time the need of consolidating the re- God are oppressed on every hand in ligious agencies engaged in social Russia. A publication of the "Antiwork. Most of these agencies in God Society" states that last year 354 France are independent, i. e., they are churches and 59 synagogues were not organically related to the official closed. Other places of worship conorganization of the church. Repre- nected with religious faith were put sentatives of the various social out of existence. Yet, something akin agencies recently organized a Federa- to discouragement is dogging the steps tion of Social Christianity, which is of the evildoers, for in spite of all intended to serve somewhat the same their efforts religion is gaining ground purpose for the churches in France steadily everywhere. It is even af- that the Federal Council of Churches firmed that in the Stalingrad district serves in the United States. The adherents of various religions have first conference under the auspices increased sixfold, while in other lo- of this federation met in Paris last calities religious adherents number November. The principal themes con- fifty per cent of the population.-The sidel'ed were: Christianity and De- Christian.

WOIUH

Any books mentioned in these columns will be forwarded by us on receipt of price.-THE REVIEW.

The Case for Christianity. By Clement Moslem Mentality. By L. Levonian. 245 F. Rogers, M.A. Octavo. 278 pp. pp. $2.50. Boston. 1928. $3.00. New York. 1928. This very attractive and remark- The author is Professor of Pastoral able book might more correctly have Theology in King's College, University been called "Turkish Mentality," The of London. For eight years he ad- author is Dean of the School of Redressed the Sunday afternoon crowds ligion at Athens, an Armenian by birth in Hyde Park, and by frequent inter- but a lover of the Turks and one who ruptions, questions and criticisms, he believes in their evangelization. The came to know the popular objections book gives us a cross section of Mosto Christianity and the difficulties rel- lem thinking on social, moral and reative to religion which exist in the ligious questions. The contrast becommon mind of the present day. He tween the old Moslem mentality and was conscious of the great need of the new is strikingly illustrated; the a hand-book of popular apologetics, danger of religious neutrality pointed and in his endeavor to meet this need, out, and an earnest plea is made for he states some great moral problems Christian missions to Moslems. In with which mankind has ever been the chapter on the missionary presconcerned. He defends the part Chris- entation of Christianity the writer is tianity has played in the solution of not as positive as he might be and these problems and gives reason for yet he puts the emplilasis where it regarding as trustworthy the histori- should be in the message and the cal character of the Bible narratives. manner of its presentation. His con- He defends the claim that Jesus Christ clusion is characteristic: "As Arme- "was perfect God and perfect man." nians we have one privilege, we can The references to the atonement and forgive those who have persecuted us to evolution are not clear or satisfy- and pray for them." ing, but the discussion of Christian Theism presents rather fully the ar- S. M. ZWEMER. guments from causation, from design, and from conscience and shows that The Gospel for an Age of Thought. By the needs of the human soul are met A. Z. Conrad, Ph.D., D.D. 282 pp. by the great truths of the trinity, the $2.00. New York. 1928. incarnation and the cross. In an age when the agnostic and the The style of the discussion is not pseudo-scientist assume that they are altogether popular or lucid and the endowed with a higher order of intel- ligence than the Christian believer, it actual conclusions of the author are is refreshing to have the argument for not always clear. Quotations from the validity of the Gospel set forth many authors show a wide acquaint- with such conviction and intellectual ance with literature. The main point ability as are shown in these seventeen of the book is creditably maintained, discourses delivered in Park Street namely, to show that the Christian Church, Boston, and in several wellsystem is capable of intellectual justi- known churches in Europe.

fication. CHARLES R. ERDMAN. Starting with the undeniable propo- 493

sition that whatever is real is true and "Way" and the "Life" but the "Truth"

that truth is indestructible, the valiant which alone makes free.

pastor of the Park Street Church re- moves the Gospel from the category The Pilgrimage of Buddhism. James Bas- set Pratt. 750 pp. $3. New York. of the hypothetical and speculative 1928. and places it firmly on the basis of Though the "publishers' blurb" is the demonstrable in human and divine correct in saying that this author experience. The claims of the Gospel "presents a detailed and synthetic find their vindication in their applica- view of Buddhism as a whole, ancient bility to man's deepest needs and in and modern, Southern and Northern," the history of the Christian Church it is not the whole truth, when it through two thousand years during adds, "It is the first time that it has which the blazing searchlights of been done." A German Buddhist scholarship have served only to illumi- scholar, Hackmann, as long ago as nate with greater splendor the divine attributes of its Founder. 1910, issued the second edition of his "Buddhism as a Religion," and again When a magazine, with seventy-five in 1914 his "A German Scholar in years of honorable history behind it, the East," which deals with the subfurnishes its readers with page after jects of the travel and scenic portions page of futile assertion that Jesus of Professor Pratt's volume. Hack- Christ had no existence in fact, it is mann's first book goes farther than well to be reminded, as we are by Dr. Dr. Pratt's in that he includes the Conrad, that realities do not depend Buddhism of Tibet but it is far less upon opmIOns; that when men be- full. Pratt omits Tibet, Nepal and Mongolia, giving as the reason that lieved that the earth was fiat, it was "the form of religion which prevails round just the same; that gravity in those lands is so mixed with nonexisted before Newton was born; that Buddhist elements that I hesitate to the blood circulated before Harvey dis- call it Buddhism at all." Prof. E. W. covered the fact; that the Solar Hopkins also asserts that Japanese System revolved successfully before Buddhism does not deserve the Budthe advent of. Galileo and Copernicus.

Dr. Conrad pithily remarks that dhist name, though for different rea- "an absent Moses has resulted in a sons.

Golden Calf in every age." Today the Like Hackmann, Prof. Pratt did anti-Christian bias is strong; Chris- not base his volume upon documentary tianity's demands are exacting; man material alone, but went with his dislikes mandates. It is not strange, equally able wife on two Buddhist therefore, that rationalistic scholarship pilgrimages, with notebooks and eyes should be bent on reducing everything widely open, to see on the ground to the level of ordinary human just what Buddhist priests, temples, thought. It is far more disturbing and votaries were like. He has vividly, that in the Church itself there are as well as philosophically, reported his those who minimize the necessity for findings here. Hackmann had spent basic beliefs. Dr. Conrad stresses the ten years in Buddhist countries, most- fact that belief governs conduct. "It ly in China. Yet this new volume is is doubtful whether there was ever so far more satisfying than Hackmann's much sophistical untruth put into a two combined, despite Pratt's Tibetan single sentence as in the statement and Mongolian omissions and sparing that 'Christianity is not a doctrine reference to Farther Indian Bud- but a Way of Life'" is his timely dhism. Both writers are valuable con- declaration. He finds the bed rock tributors to our knowledge of authority for the validity of the Chris- Buddhism, Pratt especially with his tian Gospel in the Personality and Ex- fascinating style, picturesque treat- perience of Him who was not only the ment and living specimens.

192'9] BOOKS WORTH READING

After five chapters, describing of Japan's famous sects and contrib- Buddhism's founder and his teach- uted so largely to its early civilization. ings, the Pilgrimage begins at its There is also a lovable portraiture of birthplace in India, proceeds to Cey- Shinran, the founder of the second lon and Burma, turns eastward to most numerously sect in Japan, the Siam and Cambodia, northward to Shin or True Sect, and the fifth sect China and eastward again to Korea in size named after its founder, Nichand Japan, Buddhism in the latter iren, so polemic in his teachings and country being the best portion of his whose sect is most intolerant. Dr. volume. Pratt also gives his readers a far more interesting view of the exact In all those lands, Pratt enables the nature of the Mahayana, or Great Vereader to see with his own eyes, al- hicle, branch of Northern Buddhism most as well as he did in "India and than does Japan's Suzuki, or Dr. Its Faiths," where he describes the Reischauer who does it more conciseentire system of beliefs, ritual, effect ly. It is impossible to hint, even, at upon the mind and daily life of ad- the invaluable accounts of the beliefs herents of Buddhism as it took root and philosophies of these varied sects and grew in country after country. in different countries. The reader may His chapters upon "The Founder," be confused before he reads them all, the "Dramatis Personae" of Chinese while the Buddhist scholar may regret Buddhism, "The Story of Japanese that the volume is founded upon trans- Buddhism," ~re especially graphic and lations so largely; yet neither of ·the rewarding. We are given a clear view Davids, Pali authorities as they are, of Buddhism's Mahayana mighty ones nor Dr. Hopkins, with his familiarity in the too slight sketch of China's with Sanskrit, could have produced so first Patriarch, Bodhidharma, and in interesting and so generally correct the fuller ones of the two Daishi, a volume as this moderately priced Dengyo and Kobo, who founded two treatise by Professor Pratt. H. P. B.

MISSIONARY STUDY FOR EVERY ONE The Missionary Education Move- study. The largest emphasis in misment and the Central Committee on sionary work must be put on the most the United Study of Foreign Missions essential aim of the enterprise-the are offering a choice list of new books regeneration of men and women this year for reading and graded mis- through faith in Christ and by the sion study. power of God's Spirit.

The FOREIGN MISSION topic for the Advanced groups will welcome the year 1929-1930 is The World Mission study of the subject prepared by Dr. of Christianity-especially as viewed T. H. P. Sailer on "Christianity's Sufrom Jerusalem. Younger grades will preme Issues" (25 cents) based on study the Philippines. For the older Bishop McConnell's volume. Two sidegrades Bishop Francis J. McConnell, light volumes are Basil Mathew's author of "Democratic Christianity" popular report of the Jerusalem Conand other volumes, writes on "Human ference "Roads to the City of God" Needs and World Christianity" ($1.50 ($1.00 and 50 cents) and Milton cloth and 75 cents paper). He em- Stauffer's excellent view of "World phasizes the human elements that Missions As Seen from Jerusalem" especially appeal to many in the work (50 cents). Material and practical of the missionary-the need for phys- plans for group discussions are also ical health, for better economic condi- supplied as is a pamphlet for members tions, for liberty and friendly, human of classes, "Opinion Tests on World fellowship, and above all for a clearer Missions" (10 cents). knowledge of God. It is a worth-while "A Faith for the World" ($1.00) is

a volume prepared by Wm. Paton, 60 cents), a volume on race relations Secretary of the International Mis- by Dr. Henry Smith Leiper, "Pioneers sionary Council, setting forth the es- of Good Will" ($1.00 and 75 cents), sential nature of the Christian sketches of twelve outstanding Chris- Message. Mrs. Helen Barrett Mont- tian men and women in the fields of gomery also has prepared a volume for business, education and the ministry, women's classes, entitled "From Jeru- by Harold Hunting, author of "Stories salem to Jerusalem" (75 and 50 cents) of Brotherhood." Miss Mary Jenness which interprets the significance of the has prepared the suggestions for Jerusalem Conference in the light of leaders of this study in her "Good Christ and His life, work and teach- News Across the Continent" (50 ings as originally revealed there. cents) .

The books for young people include For Juniors Robert N. McLean has "All In A Day's Work" ($1.00 and 50 written an attractive story of work for cents) by Godfrey E. Phillips of the Mexicans in the United States under London Missionary Society; "Seven the title "Jumping Beans" ($1.00 and Thousand Emeralds" (50 cents), a 75 cents) and Florence C. Means offers story for American youth of the In- a play on "Mexicans in the United termediate grade to interpret Filipino States" (25 cents) and "Rafael and youth, written by Dr. Frank C. Lau- Consuelo" ($1.00 and 75 cents) for bach of Manila and the "New Philip- primary children. pines" (50' cents), a course for leaders prepared by Edna J. Leidt. These courses are rich in interest The Junior, Primary and Beginners' and opportunity for the presentation grades also are offered special books of these topics of vital importance. on the Philippines (with a picture map The volumes in paper or cloth can be 50 cents), Japan and the Christian obtained from your own mission board Missions, prepared by Miss Edith at the prices named or by sending to Eberle, Miss Margaret Applegarth, The Missionary Review Publishing Miss Jean Moore Cavell, and others. Company, enclosing check or money order. (The first price mentioned after THE HOME .MISSION topics for the each book is for cloth and the second for paper.) coming year are "The City," "Race Prejudice" and "Mexicans in the A number of good missionary read- ing books are also recommended, in- United States." The adult and young cluding "Sons of Africa" ($1.50) by peoples book is devoted to "The City Miss G. A. Gollock, "Windows into Alaska" (75 cents) (for primary Church" ($1.50 and 75 cents) by H. grade) by Gertrude C. Warner; "The Paul Douglass, a remarkably well- Story of Musa" (for Juniors) by Miss written study of the conditions in the Entwistle; "Little Kin Chan" ($1.25) modern city and the responsibility of by Bertha H. Converse and "Children the Christian Church for its influence of the Chief" (40 cents) by Mary on the people and their environment. Entwistle (for primary grade), and Dr. Kenneth D. Miller, author of "The World in a Barn," a popular book "Peasant Pioneers" has prepared the for children by Gertrude Warner leaders' manual (25 cents) for this ($1.25) . course and Dr. Charles H. Sears, Secretary of the New York City Baptist The books of methods recommended Mission Society has written an il- are "Missionary Education of Beluminating study of city life in his ginners" by Jessie E. Moore; "For volume entitled "The Crowded Ways" Primary Children" by Wilhelmina ($1.00 and 60 cents), with suggestions StookeI', "For Juniors," by J. Gertrude to leaders by John Bailey Kelly (15 Hutton, and "For Intermediates" by cents) . Mabel G. Kerschner (In cloth $1 each). For younger groups the offerings consist in "Blind Spots" ($1.00 and

BOOKS Survey of Service: Organizations repre-

sented in the International Convention The Authority of the Bible. C. H. Dodd. of the Disciples of Christ. Edited by 310 pp. $3. Harper & Bros. New W. R. Warren. 723 pp. $1.50. Chris- York. 1929. tian Board of Publication. St. Louis. 1928. Everyland Children – Little Lord Jesus. Lucy W. Peabody. 57 pp. 25 cents. Jewish Infiuence on Christian Reform Central Committee. Cambridge. 1929. Movements. Louis Israel Newman. 707 pp. $7.50. Columbia University From Jerusalem to Jerusalem. Helen Bar- Press. New York. 1925. rett Montgomery. 50 cents, paper; 75 cents, cloth. Central Committee. Cam- Christianity and the Government of India. bridge. 1929. An examination of the Christian forces at work in the administration Going to Jerusalem. Margaret T. Apple- of India, and of the mutual relations garth. 127 pp. 50 cents, paper; 75 of the British Government and Chris- cents, cloth. Central Committee. Cam- tian missions, 1600-1920. Arthur May- bridge. 1929. hew. 260 pp. 128. 6d. Faber and Gwyer. London. 1929. India in 1927-28. Semi-official annual re- view of Indian affairs. John Coatman. China: Yesterday and Today. Fourth 462 pp. $1.50. British Library of In- Edition. E. T. Williams. 743 pp. formation. New York. 1929. $3.75. Crowell. New York. 1929.

Important to Me. Margaret Slattery. 12 ASK ME ANOTHER ON AFRICA mo. 95 pp. $1. Pilgrim Press. Bos- ton. 1929. (AnSWe1'8 to questions on 2nd coveJ'.) Jesus and His Helpers. For Juniors. 1. A question mark. Teacher's textbook. Mary Alice Jones. 2. Which way is Africa going? Will 150 pp. The Graded Press. New it be Christian or Moslem? Will it make York. 1928. a real contribution to the world's life, or will it be a source of trouble? The Last Five Centuries of Church His- 3. North Africa. tory. Andrew Miller. 1,091 pp. 48. 6d. 4. Abyssinia. Pickering and Inglis. London. 1929. 5. The Queen of Sheba and Philip the Ethiopian. Persia New and Old. W. Wilson Cash. 6. Because the interior remained long 72 pp. 18. Church Missionary So- unexplored and was therefore dark and ciety. London. 1929. mysterious. 7. Kilimanjaro and Kenya. The Questioners or Missionary Heart-Talks. 8. Victoria, Albert, and Tanganyika- Second Series. Frederic F. Helmer. the last being the longest lake in the 76 pp. China Inland Mission. Phil- world. adelphia. 1929. 9. Victoria Falls. 10. Livingstone. Some Questions of Empire Suffering. An- 11. "Sounding Smoke." nual report for 1928 of the British 12. To open up the continent to civili- Empire Leprosy Relief Association. zation and commerce, with the hope that 52 pp. London. 1929. these would put an end to the slave trade. With and Without Christ. Sadhu Sundar 13. Egypt, Abyssinia, and Liberia. Singh. 152 pp. $1.50. Harper & 14. England, France, Italy, Spain, Bros. New York. 1929. Portugal, and Belgium. 15. Diamonds, gold, copper, and cotton. The American Negro. Edited by Donald 16. The missionaries. Young. $2.50. American Academy of 17. Moffat, Livingstone, Mackay of Political and Social Science. Philadel- Uganda, Mary Slessor of Calabar, Bishop phia. 1929. Hartzell, Jean Mackenzie. 18. Two hundred and forty-three. Naboth's Vineyard. Summer Welles. 2 19. To know and to worship God, the vols. $7.50. Payson and Clarke. New Father; to keep themselves well and to York. 1928. prevent disease; to cultivate the soil and to cook and make their clothing; to use The New Map of South America. Herbert their free time in wholesome recreation. A. Gibbons. 400 pp. $3. Century. 20. The Moravians in 1792. New York. 1928. 21. Rev. J. E. Aggrey, Ph.D., born on the African gold coast, educated at The Sexual Life of Savages in Northwestern Columbia University, heir to five West Melanesia. Bronislaw Malinowski. African thrones. Plates. Maps. 506 pp. 428. Rout- 22. "Other sheep have I which are not ledge. London. 1929. of this fold: them also must I bring, and they shall hear my voice and there shall Women of the Pacific. Being a Record of be one fold and one shepherd." (John the Proceedings of the First Pan- 10: 16.) Pacific Women's Conference, held in Honolulu August 9 to 19, 1928, under the auspices of the Pan-Pacific Union. 280 pp. $1.25. Pan-Pacific Union. Honolulu. 1928.

Council

THE JOURNAL OF INTERCHURCH COOPERATION Published Monthly (except July and August) by the Federal Council of the Churches of Christ in America 105 East 22nd Street New York City ONE DOLLAR PER YEAR Its editorial interpretations of current trends in religious life. its articles by distinguished contributors from aU denominations on the larger phases of the churches' task and its comprehensive survey. month by month, of the cooperative work of the churches and movements toward larger Christian unity make the Federal Council Bulletin a unique publication.

~========================~ – – – – – – – ~~~~—–~- Discounts to Missionaries The Missionary Herald New Missionaries: (}ut/it yourseh-es' Established 1805 with Montgomery Ward guarante"d mer– Specializing in Congregachandise at very substantial savings made tional Foreign Missionary news, extends to the readers possible by our 100/0 cash discounts on of THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE all orders Of $50.00 or mort' selected WORLD an unusual trial from our current general catalogues_ offer for the remaining SIX months of the year. Field Secretaries and Purchasing Agents: Sa'e money for your stations Simply send SOc with your name and through special wholesale discounts address to: granted on large orders_ HARVEY L. MEEKEN, Agent Mission Boords: ReduCt, new build- 14 Beacon Street ing costs and repair bills by buying Hard- Boston, Mas•• ware, Paints, Roofing and other Building Materials through our Wholesalt· Department.

Churches: Select donations of supplies and mission equipment from oUfcatalogllt'.

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Montgomery Ward & Company Missionary Bureau Cbicago, U. S. A.

The Missionary Review of the World — April 1927

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Dept. No. 20 ….~.- New York Don't HARTFORD SEMINARY FOUNDATION Worry Theological Seminary Are you beginning to show In- School of Religious Education vestors' Worry-wrinkles? Kennedy School of Missions Are you uncertain about the se- w. DOUGLAS MACKENZIE, President curity back of your investments? A UNIVERSITY of religion. Three separate You can avoid all uncertainty sChools of Christian training grouped ou one and worry by investing in AN- oampus. The Theological Seminary trains for NUITY AGREEMENTS of the ministry; the School of Missions for the foreign field; the School of Religious Education the Home and Foreign Mission for the lay worker and teacher and for social Boards: Write to: service. Courses in any of the three schools are open to all students. Thus .apportunity is Morria W. Ehnea, Treaourer. BOaId of Foreitn olIered for full-rounded religioui! education. Missions of the Methodist Episcopal Church, 150 Filth Avenue, New York, N. Y•• or Hartford Seminary Foundation is located In the center of the intellectual and cultural Ute W. J. Elliott. Tre..urer, Board of Home Mis. of New England, half way between Bostc)U and .ionl and Church J;:xteb.sion of the Methodiot Episco. pal Church. 1701 Arch Street, Philadelphia, Pa• New York.

A series of handsome and wen-appointed buildings makes its campus one of the most beautiful in its section of the country. The Case Memorial Library containing 125,000 volumes is for the use of the three schools. This is one of the richest theologlcal libranes in the country. The faculty' Is composed of twenty-eight scholarly men and women who have attained distinction In their respective fields. .

HARTFORD SEMINARY FOUNDATION Hartfpri., Connect~cut Please mention THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF T:fIE WORT.;O in writing to advertisers. THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Editor Contents for April, 1927 FRONTISPIECE Page • •.•… KATHARINE SCHERER CRONK EDITORIALS ……………………. 245 Who led the Children of luael into the ProDliaed Land? A MISSIONARY ADVOCATE TRANSLATED. Whe…. Noah'. Ark landed? Who was the first great Chriatlan CHINA AND THE MISSIONARY PROGRAM. mi8sionary?

THE JAPANESE EARTHQUAKE. FREE-Send for this AMERICA'S PJ,JGHT AND THl<~ RNM.l<my. 5-minute Bible Test SOME OBSERVATIONS IN CHOSEN …. Test your knowledge of the Bible. See how much • ••••••••••..••.. ROBERT E. SPEER 2Fll you really know about this great Book of Books.

A 'Personal report on a recent visit to ~~BlbPei~:ll~~~~~~.~~~S~~~y~~~~~ Korea. well-rounded knowledge.useful in your everyday AN INDIAN CHRISTIAN LIGHT-BEARER Christian experience. Ten courses-non-secta- PART I ………… R. A. POPLEY 256 nan-one suited wyour particularneeds. 34,000 students have already found the great satisfac.. The !i/e-8tory 01 Dewan Bohallur A. S. tion and joy that comes from knowing the Bible. Don't deny yourself this wonderful experience. Aj.."'j)aswamy, a remarkable Christian oj India. Ihlst~~~~~llberrf=~~~~~i~~~;;~!;~ THE IDEAL VS. THE REAL IN HINDU- ISM …………. G. N. THOMSSEN 264 A 8tudy of a religion of India accord- ing to bOfJks' arut according to people.

A MOSLEM'fj IMPRE'SSIONS OF CHRIS- MOODY BIBLE INSTITUTE TIANITY …. CHARLES R. WATSON 273 CORRESPONDENCE SCHOOL Why the Moslem does not want to be a Dept 4684 153 Institute Place. Chic.cOt Ill.

Christian – and why he does. I Mood" llible Institute I Dt'pt. 4684, 153 Institute Place. Chicago. 111. THE LEGITIMACY OF EVANGELICAL MISSIONS IN LATIN-AMERICA I Plea~ send me, Fre('. your 5-Minute II • •••••••..•• WEBSTER E. BROWNING 277 I Bible Test. No obligation.

AN ADEQUATE PROGRAM FOR HOME I I Name… ……………….. ……………………………………. MISSIONS …….. JAY S. STOWELL 284 I Street and No. ……… I ………………………… ! I ~:~~:::…………:….. :……….:…..:: ..::::::=:::::::::::: FREEDOM FOR MOSLEM WOMEN …. ————_…. L · . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . J. G. KING 288 PERSONALS BEST METHODS FOR PROMOTING STEWARDSHIP ……………. 290 REV. ALLE;!,! R. BARTHOLOMEW, D.D.. for WOMAN'S FOREIGN MISSION BULLETIN twenty-five years Secretary of the Boa.~d of •••• EDITED BY ELLA D. MACLAURIN 295 Foreign Missions of the Reformed Church WOMAN'S HOME MISSION BULLETIN .. in the United States, i.~ celebrating this year • •• EDITED :BY FLORENCE E. QUINLAN 298 his golden jubilee in the ministry. NEWS FROM: MANY LANDS ……….. 302 *** THE MISSIONARY LIBRARY ………. 318 REv". WILLIAM PATON, formerly Secreta.ry TERMS.-$2.50 a year. ($2.00 In clubs of five.) Foreign postage, 50 cents. Single copies, of the Nationa.l Christian Council of India, 25 cents. PubUshed montbly. CQPyrighted. 1925, by MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISIDNG COM- has been chosen to succeed Miss G. A. Gol- PANY, INC. All rights reserved. lock on the editorial staff of the Inter· na.tional Review of Mis8ions. . * .. to THE MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING REV. A. S. PEAKE, D.D., well known in COMPANY, Inc. the United States for his writings in the field of biblical scholarship, has been elected ROBERT E. SPEER. President President of the National Free Church WILLIAM 1. CH.AMBERLAIN, Vice..President . Council of Great Britain, DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Secretary W ALTEB McDOUGALL, Treasurer PROFESSOR A. F. FULTQN, of the In- PubUcation olllee, 3d & Reily Sts., Harrisburg, dustrial Institute conducted in Morristown, Pa. 25c a copy. $2.~O a year Tenn., by the Freedmen's Aid Society of the Methodist Episcopal Church, was, when Editorial and Business 01llce, 156 Filth Avenue, a lad, sold as a slave for $1,196 in a build- New York City ing which is still standing on the campus of Entered as s:econd-class matter at the Po~t the Institute. Office, Harrisburg. Pa., under Act ot March 3. 1879.

Please mention THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD In writing to adv…-tlsers,

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on Missions in this RT. REv. H. W. K. MOWLL, for several Generation years Dean of Wycliffe College, Toronto, has suC)ceeded the late Bishop Cassels, of NOW IN ITS 21ST LARGE PRINTING "the Cambridge Seven," as Anglican Bishop of Western China.

*** REV. ANI) MRS. J. B. HAIL, retired members of the JJ.ij>an Mission of the Presbyterian Church'in the U. S. A., went out fifty years ago to Japan, where they are Iiving still. .

*** HARB.Y P. CoNVERSE, editor of the Christian Observer" is the third in direct descent to hold that position, His grandfather beearne editor in 182,7.

* REV. FRANKB. ~EELEY, D.D., of Kingston, N. Y., has been elected President of the Board of Domestic Missions of the Reformed Church in America.

*** REV. DANIEL A. POLING, D_D., President of the United Society of Christian Endeavor and minister of the Marble Collegiate Church in NeW York City, has accepted the presidency of the Greater New York Federation of Churches.

/REV. JOHN 'It. GoLDEN, of Decatur, Ill., has been appointed a secretary of the United Christian Missionary Society (Disciples).

REV. JAMES S. KIT'fELL, D.D., of Jersey City, N. J., has been elected Secretary of the Board of Domestic Missions of the Reformed Church in America to succeed the late Dr. William T. Demarest.

* THE BRITISH WEEKLY: "One of the most uplifting books in modern OHARLES EVANS HUGHRS, former Secre- missionary annals. Its Scenes and saytary of State, has accepted the Chairman- ings will enrich hundreds of missionship of the American Committee of the .ary addresses in days to come." World Conference on Faith and Order, to be held in Lausanne, Switzerland, in Au- THE CHRISTIAN CENTURY: "It gust, 1927. will be read and re-read in all western commuuionsi and is one of "the mem- *"" orable books lnconuection with the mis- sionary enterprises of the churches." REV. THOMAS BARCLAY, seventy-seven years old and for fifty-two years a mission- MANCHESTER GUARDIAN: "One ary of the Presbyterian Church of England of thamost anthrallingmissionary books in Formosa, returned to his field in October I have ever read. But it is far more after a brief furlough, to complete the re- than a book about missions." vised translation of the Old Testament into Amoy dialect. $1 PRICE, NET, POSTPAID *** = ==-= At the Better Bookahope MR. RUASELL W. ABEL, the son of the THE ABINGDON PRESS Rev. and Mrs. Charles W. Abel, pioneer missionaries in New Guinea, has recently visited NEW fORK CINCINNATI CHICAGO America on his way out to take up work in BOSTON PITTSBURCH SAN FRANCISCO Kwato, (Eastern Papua), under the aus- DETROIT KANSAS OTT PORTUND. ORE. pices' of the New Guinea Evangelization Society of America.

*** RRv. AWEN II. CLARK, D.D., of the to Marathi Mission of the American Board, has been transferred from Bombay Ahmednagar, ill order to take up some of . . . the work of the late Rev. Henry Fairbank, D.D.

MRS. W. H. C. GOODE has been elected Prelrident of the Women's Home MissiQn1j,ry Society of the Methodist Episcopal diiurch.

Pleas. mention tHE MISSIONAIIY R"VIEW OF THE WORLD In writing to advertisers.

SCHERER

July 14. 1877 to March 12, 1927

APRIL, 1927

L FOUR ANOTHER E,AR'l'HQUAKE IN JAPAN EARTHQUAKE, :flood and fire again visited Japan on March 6th, 'causing considerable loss of life and much damage to property in the central provinces of Hondo, the main island. It was about two hundred and fifty miles from Yokohama. Over three thousand people are reported killed and nearly seven thousand injured, with ten thousand homes destroyed and at least twenty thousand people homeless. Most of the damage was in the Tango district north of Osaka and Kobe in Kyoto prefecture. A whole plateau in one region slipped, destroying the towns resting upon it. The following towns were largely destroyed: Kumikama, Mimeyama, Amimo, Iwataki and Kaya. Some damage was done in Osaka and Kobe. None of the towns seriously damaged are mission stations but the eenter of the relief work is Miyazu, where the Roman Catholic Church has one missionary. The ,Tapanese Christians, the Red Cross and the Japanese Government have energetically undertaken adequate relief measures.

AMERICA'S PLIGHT AND 'fRE RJiJMEDY "RICH aIHl increased iu goods," but with growing spiritual poverty, seems to be the general diagnosis of America's pre:,;ellt condition. '1'he newspapers are filled with reports of divorce:,;, scandals, murders, hold-ups, robberies, descriptions of unclean plays and salacious literature, and with suicides of young men, girls and business men of prominence. This is the dark side of the picture, it is true, but it presents a distinct phase and tendency of American life that cannot be ignored. Judges and magistrates warn us of the growth of crime and the lowering of moral standards among our youth. Over eighty per cent of the criminals of the country are less than twenty-five years of age. In explaining this condition, Justice Cropsey of Brooklyn, says: 245

A dozen years of investigation and experience have demonstrated to me that the vast majority of youthful offenders have committed crime because they have had bad associates in the years when their boyhood was turning into manhood-between the ages of 12and 18. Then a boy's ideals are acquired, his character formed. In those years every boy needs to be under the influence of the right kind. Tens of thousands of boys are nightly on the streets looking for amusement, seeking adventure, yearning for companionship. Many have no father; the parents of many others give them little or no heed. Sh()uld we not provide places where such boys may meet and play and be f'ntertained and instructed, and all the time be under the influence of men of the right kind? This can be done.' It has been done in a small way and with wonderful results. Why should we not undertake it in a big way? We can lessen crime by giving our attention to our youths.

But there is need for some more drastic and thorough remedy than boys' clubs, as is pointed out by Dr. Walter S. Athearn, a leading educator, as a result of his recent investigations testing the character and ideals of school children in America. Dr. Athearn states that over half of the children were found to cheat, lie and steal, and that their whole outlook on life is non-moral. Miss Georgia Robertson, a worker for reform measures in Washington, summarizes the report as follows: Trained scientists took children from schools and with ingenious laboratory tests bared their souls to our gaze! The scientists have written down in percentages the character rating of these children for us to behold!

Thousands of children were given what was called the "True-False" tests. A majority of the boys and girls answered as follows: "It is not wrong to steal from one who has secured his wealth dishonestly." " It is more honorable to have charge of an office than to work at a trade. " "Stu pidity is more sinful than deceit." "Unnecessarily failing to meet an appointment on time is not immoral or un-Christian." "It is true that our duty is greater to secure justice for the people of our own race and religion than for others." "Cheating a railroad is not 80 much a sin as cheating a person." "It is i1'ue that if a store keeper gives you too much money it is all right to keep it, because he would probably do the same if you paid him too much." All the children had to do was to make a pencil mark under the word true or false to show what they thought about it. Thousands of them declared these statements true! What teaching had they had either in school or at home, or how effective had it been that they held such views? The disclosure HhoWH the trend of thought in America today among school children! ~ot only did the~e children ~tate their approval of dishonesty, but whell put to the test they acted diHhoneHtly. When sent to II fltore with 25 centH to buy a certain article, and, by prearrangement, the clerk would say: "We are selling this for 15 cents today, " or would give a dime in change as though by mistake, "64 per cent of the children did not return the dime either to the teacher or to the store." The scientists feel that this is a true average for all American children. Other tests of honesty in paying their fare on crowded street cars, and reporting at a cafeteria how much food they had selected, showed that not half of them reported honestly! Another test showed dishonesty in examinations. The paper was in double sheets, the lower one waxed so it showed corrections. The questions and answers were put on the blackboard, the answers concealed by a map. While

J EDITORIAL COMMENT

the children were left alone in the room the map fell down and plenty of time was allowed for them to correct their papers from the board. "In some of these tests J 00 per cent of the children yielded to the temptation."

Children now growing up are living in an atmosphere hostile in many ways to best character development. Our forefathers braved a long perilous journey to a wild desolate land, peopled only with Indians, that they might have liberty to worship God aceording to the dictates of their own consciences. The family Bible was in the home, God was acknowledged there; children were taught to obey Him, and went to church to worship Him. In the schools, founded soon after their arrival, the Christian religion was taught, also in the church and private schools that became so numerous. It was not until about 1875 that our present public school system was established by taxation and religion was excluded. Our children were robbed of religious instruction and we are reaping the result today in increase of crime among youths.

Dr. Athearn points out the remedy as follows: "Unless children are taught religion they will not be religious; children can be taught in such a way that the whole course of their entire lives is changed." It is a significant fact that in the tests made by Dr. Athearn, Boy Scouts stood the highest. One of the troops of Boy Scouts organized two years before came within 17.7 per cent of being one hundred per cent trustworthy and honest.

There has without doubt been a break-down in the religious training of children in America. Parents have failed to do their duty by failing to give their children a training in Christian principles, by example and by precept.

Citizens have failed to help the children of their neighbors. There must be a return to the teaching of true religion in the home and the practice of Christianity in the family if conditions are to be improved. Sin is everywhere about us and can be conquered only by the truths set forth by Jesus Christ. Social betterment will not remedy the evil. IDthical instruction is not enough. Religious training is not adequate. Our children must be brought up to love and reverence God and to honor His name, His day, His Word. They must learn what it means to surrender to Christ and to follow Him. America is doomed unless a deeper sense of responsibility to God and of devotion to His will is developed in the hearts of the people, young and old.

CHINA AND THE MISSIONARY PROGRAM T HE conflicts and changes that continue in China have ham- pered, but have not put an end to, Christian missions there. The war between Northern and Southern forces has made it advisable for some American and British missionaries to leave stations in the war areas, but the large majority of them are still at work. One station (Chenchow, Hunan) of the Presbyterian Mission in Central China has been closed for the present, and the missionaries have withdrawn. A number of foreigners have been advised to come to the coast from Szechuan and other western provinces and

some have left Hankow, Wuchang, Changsha and Nanking. Little fear is felt for the safety of missionaries and it is not generally for this cause that missionaries are leaving their stations, but it is to remove, as far as possible, causes of irritation and because of the difficulty of obtaining supplies. There has recently been reported a split in the Cantonese forces, involving a dispute as to Bolshevist influence. Both North and South are urging on the foreign governments an immediate revision of treaties and a surrender of extraterritorial privileges.

The most radical change in reference to Christian missions that is taking place in China today seems to be the change in policy affecting the management of the mission schools and churches. Both the Cantonese and the Peking governments demand that missionary educational institutions be put under Chinese control and that they register and omit the teaching of religion in the curriculum. Some local committees have made absurd demands, such as that foreign funds be turned over to the Chinese and that students have the right to determine the courses of study and selection of professors. Southern unions also demand that no member shall attend Christian services.

The Canton regulation of institutions includes full direction by Chinese of curricula and student discipline.

The Canton Christian College, has already accepted the imposed regulations of the Cantonese.

Peking University has applied for registration with the Northern Government.

Shantung Christian College at Tsinan-fu is reorganizing. Nanking University is prepared to reorganize and register. Chengtu is making application under the Northern regulations. Suchow, belonging to the Southern Methodists, has accepted the resignation of its President, W. B. Nance, to be able to reorganize. Yale in China is closed without prospects of reopening. The Shanghai Baptists disagree, the Southern standing for retention, the Northern for turning over control. St. John's refuses to go over.

The executive board of the National Christian Council of China points out the new conditions that confront missions in China and favors increasing control by the Chinese of both Christian churches and schools. The missionaries, as a rule, are eager to have Christian Chinese assume control of these Christian institutions in China, but, naturally, do not favor putting them in charge of those wholly unfitted and UlIRympatheti(' to Christian ideals. 'While mission property may be placed under Chinese control, it is unthinkable that mission funds should be turned over to Chinese for uses out of harmony with the purpose for which the money is given. The Chinese cannot finance these institutions at present, and Christians in America and England will not support them under such conditions.

1927]: EDITORIAL COMMENTS

The changes taking place in China are not wholly unfavorable to Christian missions. They are a sign of China's awakening and of her people's desire to better their condition. There is naturally much unrest and many who seek to influence the popular sentiment are foolish and ignorant. Others are mislead by the propaganda of false teaching from outside. What is needed today is Christian patience and a continued effort to teach China by word and example the true nature and value of Christianity.

This is a time to pray without ceasing to God for China and for those, at home and on the field, who are bearing the responsibility.

"H AT HOME-KATHARINE SCHERER CRONK E THAT loves not lives not, and he who lives by The Life cannot die." So wrote Raymond Lull. He lives today in the work and hearts of many Christian missionaries to Moslems. Others whose lives are "hid with Christ in God" cannot die.

When the message came on Sunday morning, March thirteenth, that Mrs. E. C. Cronk had died the evening before, in a Philadelphia hospital, it seemed impossible-it was impossible. She had entered into rest from her manifold earthly labors and was" at home with the Lord."

For nearly fifty years, Mrs. Cronk brightened the pathway of many by her cheery smiles; for many years, she has used her rich . talents to minister to others in the spirit and power of Christ. In the midst of effective service the Master called her to close her earthly activity. She was taken suddenly ill after an address at Williamsport, Pennsylvania, on December twelfth. 'While the succeeding three months were spent in the hospital, she was always looking forward to further service. This was not to be on earth. The end came, but it was not the end of life; it was the entrance into larger, fuller life. Death was swallowed up in victory. "Thanks be unto God who giveth us the victory through our Lord, Jesus Christ," was the clear note sounded by Dr. Knoebel and by her pastor at the triumphant memorial service on Tuesday afternoon, in St. John's Lutheran Church, Melrose Park, Philadelphia.

While Katharine Scherer Cronk was a loyal member of the United Lutheran Church, she was, even more, a member of the Church Universal, and served all mankind. She was closely associated with the Woman's Missionary Society of her Church and was general superintendent of the "Light Brigade" of the Children's Department. She wrote much for boys and girls and was known far and wide for her inspiring addresses in behalf of Christian missions. For nine years she was editor of the "Best Methods" Department of the REVIEW and, the past seven years, a member of the

Board of Directors of the Company. She was active in the Federation of Woman's Boards of Foreign Missions and in the Missionary Education Movement. She also was one of the editors of Everyland, the magazine of world-friendship for boys and girls, and, with her friend, Elsie Singmaster, wrote pageants and books that are widely circulated.

Mrs. Cronk was a rare combination of high mentality and true spirituality. Her warm-heartedness, practical ideas and good judgment were combined with originality and a keen sense of humor. She inspired all who met her, even casually, by her unselfish interest in others, her cheery disposition, and by her earnest, Christlike spirit. She attracted young and old and was greatly beloved. The depth and the breadth of the influence exerted by her writings, by her inspiring addresses, and by her charming personality, cannot be measured. While true to Christ and the Word of God, she never manifested a spirit of fault-finding or suspicion of others. When her friends or hearers were "pricked in their hearts" by what she said, it was not because of her caustic criticisms, but because her consistent life and her presentation of the Christian ideal caused them to criticize themselves and to desire life with higher standards.

It is difficult to point out the lines of Mrs. Cronk's greatest influence. She was a power among men as well as among women; children and youth were greatly impressed by her j students or mature Christians alike took her as a teacher and friend. All felt the genuineness of her character and the truth of her message, whether she spoke on the need for greater devotion in missionary work, the joy and rewards of faithful stewardship, the power of prayer, the supreme need for vital spiritual life or the importance of training children in the love and service of Christ.

The stimulating personality of Mrs. Cronk will be greatly missed, not only in her home where she was a loving wife and mother, but in a very wide circle of friends where she always found a welcome. In her church, she truly served; in the hospital she was greatly beloved; in the numerous boards and committees she made many constructive and practical contributions; in conferences and summer schools her addresses will long be remembered; throughout the wide world the printed page has carriml tho messages that God gave her. All will miss her personality, but tho influence that she exerted and the messages she gave will not die; they will live on in the lives and work of many Christians who will pass them on to others, for the words that she spoke and wrote, the life that she lived and still lives, have that vital, eternal quality that comes from God.

Katharine Scherer Cronk was the daughter' of the Rev. J. J, Scherer, President of Marion College, Virginia. She Is survived by her husband. Dr. E'. C. Cronk, Secretary of the Lutheran Orient Mlssjon and by their son, John E. Cronk.

Observations in Chosen *

BY ROBERT E. SPEER, NEW YORK PERHAPS no country in Asia has undergone a greater change in the past thirty years than Korea. I saw it first under the old regime, just after the war between Japan and China and before the war between Japan and Russia. The old government, the old administration, the old civilization were still undestroyed. There were then no railroads, or modern industries, or innovations.

Now all is changed. Seoul is a totally different city. Today there are in Korea 1,165 miles of Government railway, running the whole length of the country from Fusan to Antung and reaching out east aud west to both coasts. There are also 265 miles of privatelyowned railways and 1,437 miles more projected or under construction. In 1901, when the Japanese protectorate was established, the first census (recognized to be inaccurate) reported a population of 8,781,671. In 1920 the population was 17,288,989 and: in 1923, it was 17,446,913-an apparent growth of 78 per cent since 1906 and an authentic growth of 31 per cent since 1910. The development of trade, as in the case of Japan, is even more remarkable than the growth in population. Exports advanced from Yen 18,856,000 in 1911 to Yen 218,277,000 in 1921 or 1,150% and imports from Yen 72,944,000 to Yen 450,658,000 or 618.%.

Offsetting this development it is claimed by some that the people are worse off than before. Prices and the scale of living have outdistanced wages and wealth. The Japanese, it is said, have been slowly getting possession of the land and are reducing the Koreans to serfdom. The temper of the nation has been commercialized. Immense economic changes were inevitable; the people at large and the Christian Church could not escape the evil and the good of this transformation. Noone can read the Governor General's annual reports on Reform and Progress, or see with one's own eyes the changes which have taken place and not realize that Japan is earnestly seeking the prosperity of Chosen for the sake both of the Koreans themselves and of the Empire as a whole. There was a time when Japanese administration was under the domination of military and imperialistic ideas but that time is past; while great bodies of the Korean people still resent Japanese rule and long for independence, and while many Japanese display to the Koreans a spirit of race superiority and seek only to exploit and rule, the policy of the present Government is just and kind and is designed to win the good will of the people. Everyone with whom we talked in Chosen, both Koreans and missionaries, recognize the high-minded and pure- ,. This is part of a report prepared as a result of one week's visit to Korea last year, and sabmltted to the Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions.-EuITOR.

251

spirited charaster and purpose of the Governor General, Baron Saito, and are convinced of the sincerity of his efforts to secure justice and progress for Korea. Where can one find plainer speech on the subject of the relations of Japanese and Koreans than in the address delivered in February 1926, by Sakan Moriya, Director of the General Affairs Department, to principals of middle schools ~ He said: "Most .Japanese were only too apt to treat the Koreans with harshness and contempt instead of leading and enlightening them as brethren…..It is not strange then that these Koreans, never daring to be off their guard against Japan, came to look upon the Japanese as a dreadful, unapproachable, and domineering people ….. The attitude of most Japanese toward Koreans is not that toward brethren but that toward the conquered or toward employees …..

"Not only in Chosen but in Japan itself such psychology paying respect to Occidentals and despising Oriental., widely prevails, and the fact is that the Japanese in Chosen are simply exposing in broad daylight the fault fostered by the lack of the moral training of the Japanese as a whole ….. While Japanese thus treat Koreans with contempt and as men of no character, and engage in no spiritual work among them worth mentioning, I<JngIish, American and other foreign missionaries, as you know, are attending to their spiritual needs, and trying to help them by engaging in educational and medical undertakings ….. The Japanese have hitherto paid scant attention to winning the hearts of Koreans by first giving their own hearts to them ….. Koreans are not a mere stepping-stone for Japanese economic development, they are brethren of the Japanese with whom the ,Japanese ought to work in harmony for the common welfare and benefit. To feel contempt for Koreans who are our brethren is the same thing as feeling e,ontempt for ourselves ….. Fundamentally speaking, ,Japanese and Koreans are members of one and the same household, and the amalgamation of Japan and Chosen solemnly established the eternal relation of Koreans with .Japanese as brethren ….. Mere force, whatever it may be, military, political or economic, may be able to keep together two things of a' different kind, but it cannot fuse them into' one compact whole. This can only be done by a spiritual power. When the hearts and souls of both parties respond to each other just as a sound brings forth an echo, then, and only then, can be realized that true cooperative harmony which can n!:'ver be brought about by military or economic force, and the spirit of brethren having one and the same mind be revealed setting out on the grand mareh toward the ever-shining beacon of our great ideal. If we do not realize and start from this point, we shall never reap the harvest compatible with the true spirit of annexation …..

'''l'he Yasukuni Shrine SilOUld deify not only those who have fallen for their country on the batt1efi~ld but, for the future, those who sacrificed themselves for the love of men of other countries ….. Japan has never produced such a man as Lincoln, who accomplished the emancipation of slaves, not such a man as Livingstone, who sacrificed his life in a barbarous country for the sake of wiping away the tears of other races ….. It is most desirable that we Japanese should give full vent to our active sympathy and tender benevolence to men outside our own nationality. Above all is it required that we show whole-hearted sympathy toward the Koreans who are now sharing our fortunes …..

"1nstead of thinking that Koreans are filthy and ignorant, we should rather, rising above our opinion of their faults, think that they also have a bright future. The Koreans in the past were not in such conditions as

SOME OBSERVATIONi:' IN CHOSEN

at present. …. Among those studying in Japan are many who are a match for ~he Japanese in scholarly competition ….. Even among those agitating for mdependence of self-government, there are not a few who are really thinking of the welfare of the people and their good. Their sincerity differs in nothing from ours …..

"Our future national policy in our expansion abroad should be that those who are versed in the true Japanese culture should go in advance and that the foremost men of the country should be sent to represent the .Japanese people in general. We think it is necessary, for the future, that men of ability go to foreign countries as representing the Japanese race, especially religious men, educational experts, scientific authorities, and others, and engage in spiritual works, encouraged by the full conviction that they are exponents of the Japanese culture."

A foreigner would speak with more guarded qualification but it is good that there should be such talk. The missionary appeal of it is as applicable to British and Americans as it is to Japanese.

In spite of all the progress that has been made, Chosen has not yet accepted the lot of incorporation in the Japanese Empire. I should judge, however, that there will be no repetition of the Independence Movement and that any hope of autonomy rests, in the minds of the Koreans who want independence, upon the growth of liberal ideas in Japan and upon the establishment of such a League of Nations as would erect a world unity so real that Japan and Korea might abide in it side by side as united and equal members of one world brotherhood. Vast modifications of thought and feeling are taking place in Japan, and Chosen is sharing in them and must increasingly do so under the influence of the ever enlarging educat~onal system. Japan believes in education for her own people and she is steadily moving t,oward equal provision for the Koreans….. "The total number of sCholars enrolled in government institutions in 1924 reached over 464,600. Besidestnese, there are 804 public and private schools giving the various kinds of education though not following the standard curriculum set forth by the Government.' , It is estimated that less than one fourth of the school population is as yet enrolled.

It was the problem of the relation of our Mission's Middle Schools to the Government's educational policy which chiefly occupied attention on our visit. The Chosen Christian College has its own charter securing its Christian character and religious freedom. 'l'he Pyeng Yang Union College has also been "recognized" so that it can go on with its work with full freedom of religious teaching and worship and with all desired privileges. Both colleges, however, now suffer from one severe limitation. Only those students can now be admitted as regular students into these "recognized" colleges who come from "recognized" or "designated" or "registered" Middle Schools. And of our eight middle schools only one, the John D. Wells School in Seoul, has been as yet" recognized. ".

With reference to religious education in our mission schools,

the Government has come forward with a liberal proposition: Our schools may be given the status of "recognized" or "designated" schools, with all the privileges. of "registered" schools, and with full liberty of religious teaching and worship, provided they meet specified conditions as to equipment, standards and results . . . . Nothing could have been more liberal and sympathetic than the attitude of Baron Saito and his associates. Many of the people about him (whom we met at a luncheon) are earnest Christians. Mr. Oda, of the Bureau of Foreign Affairs, is one. They have difficulty in their educational organization but they declared that they sincerely desired to grant "designation" as soon as conditions were met and it could be arranged. Our missionaries are assured of their good will.

No one can see the Korean Church and its work without thanksgiving and joy. At Taiku we met the class of church officers from the Taiku field, self-supporting or supported by the churches, about 250 men, old and young, rich in Christian experience, full of evangelistic zeal. At Seoul we attended a mass meeting of representatives of all the churches of the city filling the great and beautiful chapel of the .John: D. Wells School. At Pyengyang we were present at the General Assembly with its Korean Moderator and clerks and eommittee chairmen and its large body of delegates, with a small sprinkling of missionaries, entering heartily into the proceedings but obviously in the background and exercising no C()ntrol or direction. And on Sunday we went about to the Sunday-schools and churches of that city of 60,000 population, of which it is estimated that between one tenth and one sixth are Christian communicants. When I was in Korea in 1897 there were 923 Protestant Christians in our 101 Presbyterian meeting places in Korea. According to the report of 1925-26 there were 62,530 Presbyterian church members and 1,625 churches and groups.

From the beginning our Korean churches have been taught by word and by example to be self-propagating and self-supporting. In .Japan Dr. Spencer traces almost all the churches to missionary initiative and organization, but in Korea the work has grown largely out of Korean evangelization. The Korean Church has· learned either to conduct unpaid evangelization or to provide the expense itself. The Korean Christians have learned to give and larger individual gifts are also being received. One man gave Yen 90,000 for a modern Christian kindergarten in Pyengyang. Churches have given Yen 30,000 for an Old People's Home in Syenchun, 30,000 for a Church Primary School in Taiku, 26,000 Yen for a Church School in Pyengyang, 20,000 for a church in Wiju and 25,000 for Chairyung. The Korean Church is a real and living church and it has met the test of fire. But it is entering upon new kinds of testing more perilous than

1927J SOME OBSERVATIONS IN CHOSEN

the past. There are many grave issues, but we have still in Korea a warm-hearted, devoted church, which studies the Bible and prays. Last year 55,% of the church membership in the Pyengyang field attended Bible Institutes for the prolonged study of the Bible. What these people learn they take home to their villages and translate into their lives. "Last August" says the Rev. F. H. Smith, "I asked a non-Christian police official at Heijyo if they had much trouble with Korean Christians. He said that aside from political mattets the distinction was perfectly clear and that the Christians were far superior to the non-Christians. " The report of the Government-General declares: "There is notw scarcely a place in the provinces in which the influence of Christianity is n()t felt ….. In recent times Koreans have organized selfsupporting Churches of their own, and entirely independent of missi()nary enterprises. Their earnestness in dev()ti()n and pr()pagati()n is very marked . . . . . The fact that Christianity in Chosen numbers about 359,000 believers, as a result of the forty years that have elapsed since propagation was recognized, is really remarkable, considering the experience in Japan proper and China, and ,may, perhaps, be partly attributed to the feeble influence possessed by the beliefs previ()usly existing in Chosen, but is chiefly to be attributed to the self-sacrificing labor of the missionaries and workers of all the Christian sects in the peninsula ….. It goes without saying that Christian propagation has done much for the enlightenment of the peninsula; and its attached works, such as educational and medical undertakings, have contributed greatly to its cultural development."

Dr. Rentaro Mizuno, Administrative Superintendent of the Government-General, said at the Tenth Annual Conference of the Federal Council of the Mission in Korea: "It can be said without any appearance of flattery, that Chosen owes much of her advancement in civiLization to your labors. . . Nothing is so essential as religious influence for the betterment of social conditions, and your work is of great help to the Government and directly or indirectly promotes the happiness and prosperity of the whole people. So we hold Christianity in high regard and give to it every possible facility for its propagation." These are sincere testimonies from without.

It has long been foreseen that new apologetic necessities were coming upon the Church in Korea. They are coming now in an increasing flood, both by way of Japan and China, and dirctly from the West and from Russia. The textbooks for all schools, public and private, are standardized and their view is sometimes anti-Christian. There is wide-spread communistic and Bolshevist agitation, especially among the increasing debtor class. There are young men's socialist and atheist societies, sometimes led by youths who have dropped out of the churches. The viewpoints and attitudes, which Christianity has to meet in the West, she has now to begin to face in Chosen. We shall have to meet in Korea, as the Church has met in Japan and is meeting in China, the whole critical assault upon the foundations of religion and of a spiritual view of the world.

Indian Christian Light-Bearer

Story of Dewan Bahadur A. S. Appaswamy, Pilla,i of Palamcottah BY REV. R. A. POPLNY, MADURA, INDIA District Secretary of South India National Council, Y. M. C. A.

.n.ARUMUGAM APPASWAMY was born in the year 1848, in a peri- od of great events in India. The first Sikh War had been con- cluded by the battle of Sobraon in February 1846, and w.as fol- lowed by the occupation of the Punjab by Sir Henry Lawrence. Lord Dalhousie succeeded Lord Hardinge as Viceroy in January, 1848. The second Sikh War started immediately and lasted till February, 1849 when the whole Sikh army was routed and Peshawar was occupied. The Punjab was annexed to the British Empire and John Lawrence was appointed Chief Commissioner.

Rangoon, the capital of Burma, was captured in 1852 and in 1853 the first Indian railway line from Bombay to Thana was built. In that Ye?r too the telegraph was introduced into India and the half-anna postage was instituted. Until that time postage varied according to the distance and it cost one rupee to send a letter from Bombay to Calcutta.

In 1857 the Sepoy mutiny took place and was followed by the abolition of the East India Company's charter and the assumption , of rule by Queen Victoria.

So the early years of young Appaswamy's life were very event- ful and pregnant with results for the future of India. Probably few of these happenings made their influence felt in the district of Tinnevelly in which Appaswamy was born, though rumours of them must have reached even these distant parts, and Appaswamy in his boyhood probably heard the J"lrophecies of the downfall of British rule which were passed from mouth to mouth even in this distant village. A railway was built near Madras and gradually extended towards Bangalore and Bombay. All these events took place hun- dreds of miles from the quiet sea-side village of Kulasekharapatnam, forty-four miles southeast of Palamcottah, where Appaswamy lived. It is only within thHlast few years that a light trolley line has been constructed to this place from Trichendur and in those days there was no railway anywhere in South India, except a few miles of line near Madras. A low sandy coast, with the surf breaking on the shore and clumps of palmyra trees with their tall trunks and small bunches of leafy foliage at the top were the only vegetation., The soil is brackish and it is here that much of the salt of South India is manufactured. Kulasekharapatnam in those days was a busy port in close touch with Colombo and young Appaswamy would often see the small country boats with their mat sails, bringing news from the outside world.

256 His father, Arurnugam PiIlai, behmged to an old family in the village and was Karnam (i. e. gov- ernment revenue officer) of the village, this post being a heredi- taryone. Nowadays, however, the hereditary principle is often de- parted from. He built himself a good brick house which is still in existence, and was a man of some considerable property and influ- ence. He was a masterful man of strong temper, yet withal of very affectionate disposition and lived to the good old age of 85 years.

He was a very religious man to the end, and an orthodox Saivite. He used the sacred ashes on his fore- head and wore the Rudraksharnarn or "necklet of sacred seeds"

around his neck. He performed his daily puja in his own house every morning immediately after his bath and used to recite Tamil religious poetry. He believed that the devotion of the heart was of more importance than outward ceremonies and yet was very su- perstitious, believing in omens, astrology and dreams. Mr. Ap- paswamy's mother was a very quiet and loving woman and an orthodox Hindu. She lived to be 72 years of age and died in tlle full belief that her son had done the right thing in embracing the religion of Jesus Christ.

There was also an aunt who was widowed early in life and lived with the family. She was a deeply religious woman and used to recite the devotional poetry of the Tamils. Though she was illiterate she knew by heart thou- sands of verses and Appaswamy DEWAN BOHADUR A. S. APPASWAMY learnt his first religious poetry from her. She would regularly perform her daily puja and as a 2

boy Appaswamy was initiated by her to be an acolyte in these ceremonies. He had also to read to her devotional poems from the Thiruvashagam and Devaram so that she might learn them, and this beautiful religious poetry wove its spell over him as over so many other Hindu boys. In addition to this devotional side she had plenty of common sense and was endowed with a shrewd knowledge of men and affairs which made her one of the most valuable influences on young Appaswamy's life.

Appaswamy had one older brother who took over the hereditary Karnamship. He was a man of strong character but did not distinguish himself. He died at the age of 72.

Appaswamy was the second child of the marriage and was born in Kulaselffiarapatnam on March 30, 1848. He received the family name of Sudalai Adtum Perumal, which is an appellation of the god Siva and means "the god who dances in the burning ground." He came as we have seen into a family where real religion flourished and where, while it drew inspiration from the finest devotional literature of the Tamil land, it was not afraid to strike out new paths in religious experience. Raja Ram Mohun Roy had an immense influence all through India and at this time it was beginning to make itself felt in the south of India, the home and center of Hindu orthodoxy.

Appaswamy had two younger brothers and three sisters. The third boy died soon after the marriage. The fourth is still alive and is sixty years of age. He joined the Christian Church a year before Mr. Appaswamy's death, as a result of the quiet and steady influence of his brother. His eldest sister became a Christian some time ago as a result of her brother's life and teaching and is still alive, a very earnest worker. The second sister remained a Hindu and one of her sons, Swaminathan, became the guru of Mr. Appaswamy in his later years, teaching him the secrets of Siddhanta Yoga. The third sister is also an orthodox Hindu and recently at the age of sixty made a pilgrimage to Benares.

These details of the family are relevant as indicating the religions atmosphere of the home in which Appaswamy grew up.. It is interesting to notice that perhaps the finest Indian Christians have been brought up in deeply religious Hindu homes. It seems to suggest that a real religious life in the Hindu sense is one of the best preparations for a full Christian experience. Among such men and women we may mention, Nehemiah Goreh, H. A. Krishna Pillai, Kali Charan Banerji, Narayan Vaman Tilak, Pandita Ramabai and Sadhu Sundar Singh.

In his book, "My Conversion" (C. M. S., London), Mr. Appaswamy relates that he was greatly influenced by two 'l'amil scholars who lived in the village and gave musical discourses on religion. He was a strict Saivite at this time and used to make a monthly pil-

1927J AN INDILU< CHRISTIAN LIGHT-BEARER

grimage to the temple of Subramanya'" at 1'richendur. He used to perform regularly the daily worship of Siva both morning and evening and was very punctilious in besmearing his body with the sacred ashes of Siva.

In this period there were as many as twenty missionaries (of the C. M. S.) working in the district of Tinnevelly, many of them being men of deep religious eJi:perience and charming personality.

There was also a mission school in the village of Kulasekharapatnam, to which many of the Hindu caste hoys used to go, and a small com- munity of Christians among the depressed classes. Appaswamy attended this mission school and read the gospels there. He also used to argue with the Christians, defending his own religion against theirs. At Christianagaram, a few miles from Kulasekharapatnam, an annual Christian festival was held and young Appaswamy would often go there on this occasion and listen attentively to the addresses.

In spite of this, however, he had no real interest in the Christian religion. He mentions one incident which impressed him with the patience and saintliness of the Christian character. Mr. Brother- ton, the local missionary, was once preaching at Kulasekharapatnam in the Brahmin street and was molested so badly that he had to PANDIT H. A. KRISHNA PILLAI leave, but the patience and calm- ness which he showed on this occasion deeply impressed Appaswamy.

As a boy Appaswamy may have gone to Palamcottah with his father, a distance of forty-four miles. Probably most of this journey was performed on foot, as there was no road for many miles, and part of it in the creaking springless bullock carts, typical of South India.

There were some great missionaries in the Tinnevelly district in the first half of the 19th century and the influence of their per- sonalities must have told in spite of opposition to Christianity. Rhen- ius the pioneer and evangelist; Thomas Ragland, the saintly and self-sacrificing worker; Robert Caldwell, the brilliant scholar of the Dravidian languages and later Bishop of Tinnevelly; Pettitt, • Second Son of Siva.

the church builder; Schaffter, the first of a missionary family, were among them.

In the year 1844 a boys' school was opened in Palamcottah with Mr. Cruickshanks, a Eurasian, as Principal. 1'111'. Cruickshanks had been blind from his twelfth year, and was a man of considerable learning and deep piety. His gentle loving nature endeared him to his students and his memory is cherished and his name revered to this day by his old pupils. A number of young men of good family connections joined this school in the sixties and young Appaswamy's life is closely linked with theirs. Cruickshanks' school exercised an influence in Tinnivelly somewhat similar to that of the school of Alexander Duff in Calcutta in the early years of the century. The fine personality of the Principal and his deep Christian piety made a profound impression upon the lives of those young men. As a result seven of them were led to embrace the teachings of Christ and surrender their lives to His service. They were all baptized in the sixties of the last century. Mr. Justice Devadoss, who knew them all intimately, speaks of them in the following terms: "They were all bigoted Hindus and were endowed with powerful and vigorous intellects. They were well versed in Hindu literature and honestly sought the truth. They could not accept the popular Hinduism of the day and philosophic Hinduism did not satisfy them. They wanted a faith upon which their reason could build. They had a steady courage and the motive of their actions was free from all taint of worldly prospects and ambition. They made their change of religion only after the most careful examination of Christianity and Hinduism." The story of these men forms the appendix to Mr. A. S. Appaswamy's work, "Fifty Years' Pilgrimage of a Convert" (C. L. S., Madras). They all attained to high positions and influence in the community and rendered great service to the young Christian Church. Four of these men had special influence upon young Appaswamy. One of them who belonged to the Raju caste, was the son-in-law of the Public Prosecutor of Tinnevelly at that time. The other was a munshi in Mr. Cruickshanks' school and taught Tamil to some of the missionaries. His name was Mr. E. Muthiah Perumal Pillai. 'rhe Munshi was a great Tamil scholar and had learnt by heart some of the finest works in Tamil literature. These three had lost faith in Hinduism and set to work to studv and discuss the merits of Hinduism and Christianity. They m~de a really serious study of Christianity and its teachings, and after some years spent in this study under the guidance of Mr. Cruickshanks they were baptized in 1857 by Mr. Sargeant, who afterwards became Bishop of Tinnevelly. Before baptism they refused to accept the rules of the missionaries with regard to food and dress, and so brought about a change of attitude on the part of the missionaries to these non-essentials. The Munshi was always a great reader and

AN INDIAN CHRISTIAN LIGHT-BEARER

his house was the centre of a circle of friends keen on studying the latest philosophical and religious writings. Mr. Danakoti Raju, his friend, became a doctor and set up practice in Madras and by his sterling character and brilliant intellect won the friendship of men like Sir T. Mahadeva Rao, Sir T. Muthuswamy Iyer, and the Maharaja of Travancore, who once stayed at his house in San Thome. He organized industrial concerns, steamer services, salt factories and a hydropathic sanatorium. The third friend did not distinguish himself in a worldly sense, but his simple piety and beautiful life won the affection and esteem of all who knew him.

The Munshi had a brother who was a bigoted Vaishnavite. His father used to read a portion of the Ramayana every day before MANORAMA- THE HOME OF MR. A. S. APPASWAlIY his midday meal and by the time he was sixteen his son knew the whole of Kambar's ·Tamil Ramayana by heart. He became a pandit at Sawyerpuram, where there was a boys' school. The missionary there, Mr. Huckstable, once asked him if he had any objection to becoming a convert, at which question he indignantly threw up his job and went to Madras. After his brother, the Munshi, had embraced. Christianity he also studied the Christian religion and was baptized in 1850. rrhereupon he returned to Palamcottah and became Tamil pandit at Sawyerpuram, to which school Appaswamy went at a 'ory young age. The district must have been deeply stilTed by this series of notable conversions and it says much for Appaswamy's father that in spite of them he was still willing that his son should go to a Christian school. Pandit H. A. Krishna PiIlai, the last convert referred to above, became a dominant influence in young Appa-

swamy's life. It was his life and personality, more than his preachlng, that won and attracted young men. He had a vigorous intellect and became the poet-laureate of the Tinnevelly Church. His metrical version of the Pilgrim's Progress, written on the model of the Tamil Ramayana, is a classical masterpiece, esteemed by all Tamil scholars. He was a man of puritanic simplicity, unalterable honesty and ready helpfulness. His home was freely opened to all earnest seekers after truth. Pandit H. A. KJOishna Pillai was the guru of Appaswamy both before and after his conversion. In his booklet "My Conversion" published in 1920, :Mr. Appaswamy tells of the mental and spiritual struggles through which he went at this time, of his unflinching study of the Hindu and Christian Scriptures, and of his final decision to become a disciple of Christ.

This is how he described Pandit H. A. Krishna Pillai: "Tall of stature and fair in complexion his face was attractive, his eyes beamed with love and he always spoke with much charm. He was meek and humble, a genuine and sincere man and a fervent lover of Christ. Having his own heart overflowing with love for Christ he melted the hearts of those who listened to him and drew tears of love from their eyes."

Appaswamy was eighteen years of age when he first met Pandit Krishna Pillai. He had gone to him to get his help with a view to admission into the Sawyerpuram school. At that time Appaswamy was a strict Saivite and so could not take meals from a Christian. There was no Brahmin or Saivite house in the village and when Krishna Pillai learnt that he had taken no food he himself provided Appaswamy with utensils and materials for cooking his meal and waited until Appaswamy had eaten before he would go and take hit own food. This incident made a profound impression upon Appaswamy and he never forgot it. It was the first factor in his ultimate surrender to Christ.

Appaswamy had promised his mother that he would be on his guard against the influence of Christianity and so he did all he could to keep away from it. He would listen from a distance to Krishna Pillai's talks with his students on religion and would often discuss religious questions with his school fellows. After some time however he was also drawn to Pandit Krishna Pillai and talked with him on religious matters. The thing that struck him most of all was that a man of Krishna Pillai's erudition and personality, with his wide knowledge of Hinduism and of the finest devotional literature of that religion, should have embraced the Christian faith. Appaswamy gradually began to give up his Hindu practicesalld to lose faith in the teachings of his own religion.

At this period he had to go to Madras to finish his studies. He would have to travel to Trichinopoly by road in a bullock cart, a distance of 200 miles. From there he would go by train. In those

J27 J AN INDIAN CHRISTIAN LIGHT-BEARER

days it was a ten days' journey as compared with only twenty-four hours now. He continued his religious enquiry there. He read books on the Brahmo Samaj, studied Unitarian literature and in every way possible endeavored to reach a conclusion on the question of religion. In his letters to his father he mentioned the change that had come over his religious ideas and his father was so alarmed that he came to Madras and took his son back to Kulasekharapatnam. .A. severe fever which brought him near to death's door made him still more anxious to find the true way of salvation. Then he went to Palamcottah and struck up a friendship with another young man, who like himself was keenly interested in Christianity. They together studied the Bible and the Vedanta and Siddhanta systems of Hinduism and finally both of them were convinced of the truth of the incarnation of God in Christ and decided to join the Christian Church through baptism. Appaswamy wrote to his father and told him of his decision and then went to Madras to prepare for baptism. After a little waiting they were both baptized. The baptism took place in Zion Church in Madras, on July 15, 1871, when Appaswamy was twenty-three years of age. At that time Rev. W. T. Sathianathan, a convert from Tinnevelly, was pastor of the Zion Church.

Appaswamy's baptism meant the breaking of all home ties. His father, who had tried in every possible way to induce his son to come back, was very much upset. To his mother the news came as a great shock and she refused to take any food and as a result was seriously ill for about six months. This kind of trial, which brings suffering and sorrow to those one loves, is far harder to bear than any personal suffering, At first his family regarded him as one dead and utterly lost;. but later on his parents came to feel that he had done the right thing and though neither of them became Christians they entered into his ideas and came to reverence and love his Guru and Saviour.

To BE CONCLUDED.

SOME MISSIONARY MOTTOES "The spirit of Chl'ist is the spirit of missions, and the nearer we get to Him the more intensely missionary we must become.' '-Henry Martyn.

"The greatest foes of missions are prejudice and indifference, and ignol'ance is the mother of them both."

"Love never asks how much must I do, but how much can I do." "A man may give without loving, but he cannot love without giving." "The goal of history is the redemption of the world." "Only as the church fulfills her missionary obligation does she justify her existence." , "The church which ceases to be evangelistic will soon cease to be evangelical. ' '-Aexander ·Duff.

Ideal vs. the Real in

BY THE LA TE REV. G. N. THOMS SEN Formerly a Baptjst Mjssjonary jn Indja YATHA devah tatha baktah, "The worshiper is like his God," is a favorite saying of the Hindus, but, like many other proverbs, it is only a half-truth. The worshiper is in reality either better or worse than the object of his worship, as is proved by the life and thought of three hundred millions in India.

The Moslem is not like Allah; the Jew is not like Jehovah, the Eternal, the Righteous, the Holy One of Israel; the Christian is not wholly like to the Christ. All need to pray: "Have mercy upon me, 0 God, according to thy loving kindness, according to the mul- titude of thy tender mercies blot out my transgressions." Every Christian can humbly say, with the Apostle Paul: "I count not myself to have apprehended."

But contrast with the Christian'standards the ideals and beliefs of, the Hindus. Their gods are not infinitely above them in character and conduct. Their religion is the result of groping in the darkness. Vhen man has no true knowledge of God or communion with Him, he begins to worship the sun, the moon and the stars and other material things beyond his comprehension as the representatives of the invisible Power which he does not understand and has come to dread. He has still a perception of a good God dwelling up above the world.

A lower form of heathen religion is reached when man changes "the glory of the incorruptible God into an image made like to corruptible man and to birds and to four-footed beasts and creeping things." This form of religion finds expression in the worship of images and the conception of a good God is generally almost oblit· erated, so that the worshiper becomes obsessed with fear and often thinks of his deity as more demoniacal than divine. Finally, the lowest form of heathenism is that in which man comes to worship demons. How many have in reality" changed the truth of God into a lie and worshiped and served the creature more than the Creator!"

Hinduism contains these three forms of false worship. It is a great conglomeration of Monism, idolatry and fetishism. In it are traces of sublimest truth, but it also contains the horrors of the most degraded worship. As Mr. Beverly says in the Bengal census report: "The term Hindu, in its modern acceptation, denotes neither a creed nor a race, neither a church nor a people, but a general expression devoid of precision and embracing alike the most punctilious disciple of pure Vedantism, the agnostic youth who is the product of Western education and the semi-barbarous hillman who 264 eats without scruple anything he can procure, is as ignorant of the Hindu mythology as the stone he worships." All Hindus, however, whether high or low caste, educated or uneducated, apparently believe in an impersonal being or force, in total extinction of individuality, of all personality which is looked upon as "the curse of every religion. " The problem is how to become absorbed in deity and disappear, as the rain drop is absorbed and disappears' in the vast ocean. This is the question that Vedic, philosophical and popular Hinduism attempt to answer.

THE IDEAL OF THE VEDAS In Vedic Hinduism we find the faith of men who in ancient times forsook the worship of the true God. This faith is formulated in the Shastras or sacred writings which consist of the four Vedas, the t;ix Darsanas or Philosophies, and the eighteen Puranas. Investigators tell us that there are at least 10,000 distinct works in the Shastras and that even the most learned Brahman can know only a fraction of this vast literature. The Vedas have 30,000 long verses, the Puranas one and one-half million lines and millions of lines more are in the Darsanas. AII of these form the accredited sacred books of the Hindus.

The name Vedas is derived from the Sanscrit root vidto know or to see-and is etymologically related to t'ideo. These books are written in an ancient form of Sanscrit and consist of two principal parts, the Sanhita or Mantra containing in verse the prayers and hymns; and the Brahmana which give instructions in prose as to how to sing and pray. The parts of the Vedas that discuss questions concerning God, the soul and the destiny of man are the Upanishads. In the discussion of Vedic Hinduism we can only try to show what the hymns teach about God and our relations to Him.

There are four Vedas, the Rig, the Saman, the Yajur and the Atharva. The Rig Veda is the book of praise containing 11,000 verses and 1,017 hymns, some of which date back to the time of Abraham, 2000 years B. C. A few are simple poems which give spontaneous utterance to religious sentiment while the others are, in the words of Max Miiller, "to us a dead letter, and the conviction is growing among scholal's that many of them are intentionally obscure." Some of the hymns contain beautiful sentiments, but as Dr. Murray Mitchell says: Even in tile days when the first hymns were composed religion had begun to petrify. 1<~orms and rites were coming to be deemed more important than thoughts, feelings or deeds. The early period reveals a tendency to substitute the external for the internal. We may describe the religious belief which appears in the Veda as nature worship. It is a great mistake to call it monotheism .. Max Miillt'r rightly says: "If we must emplo~' technical terms, the religion of the Vedas is polytheism, not monotheism. At best there are momentary glimpses of what seems almost monotheism. At the same time,

as nature is throughout divine, there is often an undertone of pantheism, which in one or two of the latest hymns, becomes distinctly audible. It is thus difficult to designate or classify the Vedic faith-it abounds in con- tradictions. "

The gods spoken of in the Vedas are numerous. Deva, the word used for "god," signifies the "Shining One." The first god mentioned is Varuna, the same as 'ouranos (heaven). He enclosed and encompassed thew all. The next god, Indra, is a friendly deity giving rain and fruitfulness to the earth. He corresponds to Jupiter Pluvius of the Romans. He never questions his friends too closely provided he be well supplied with offerings. Next to war he most enjoys drinking the intoxicating Soma juice. Then comes Agni, (fire) the only one of the three worshiped at present. The sun, the moon and the stars are next worshiped, and at this stage all nature is personified and adored. Polytheism becomes pantheism. Only one more of the Vedic gods can be mentioned here who is greatly praised. This is Soma, so called from the juice of a milky plant which, by the process of fermentation, becomes very intoxicating. So Soma. became one of the most popular gods of Vedic times.

The second part of the Vedas, the Brahmana, shows the growth of the ritual which soon smothered the little remaining truth in their religion. Communion with God was lost; praise became mere lipservice, while prayer was changed into charms and incantations. Worship was converted into sacrifices because of which the gods were supposed to grant boons. The high caste Brahmans became powerful and encroached with unrelenting selfishness on the rights of both princes and people.

The Brahmana depicts the worship of the creature more than of the Creator. It is a dark picture. Dr. J. Murray Mitchell in his excellent work, "Hinduism, Past and Present," says: It. has sometimes been maintained that during the Vedic period there was a gradual elevation of the religious consciousness. On the contrary, we assert a gradual degradation. From Varuna to Indra was a great descent; from Indra to the duties of the Atharva Veda was one still greater. Farther, it seems in a high degree improbable that the conception of heaven as a physical object was gradually exalted, until the God of Heaven had such high attributes ascribed to Him as belong to Varuna. This theory assumes a gradual elevation of religion of which there is no ~vidence and it denies a degradation of which the evidence is overwhelming. Indra undoubtedly superseded Varuna; that is, low ideas built on physical phenomena came in place of high moral conception of divinity, which are almost worthy of being ranked with those of the Old Testament. .

The ideal of Vedic Hinduism is destruction of self, oblivion.

This is the summum bonu1n and therefore the two most popular "'ods of Vedic times are Agni, (fire), the devourer of all, and Soma the intoxicator who makes the worshiper forget. .

-Hindu theology, as revealed in the Vedas, failed to solve the

THE IDEAL VS. THE REAL IN HINDUISM

problem of existence, so philosophy tried to satisfy the cry of the human heart.

"There is no God," the foolish saithj But none: "There is no sorrow." So says Elizabeth Barrett Browning: "Sorrow, deep sorrow pressed forth the cries of despair: 'Whence cometh evil7' 'What must I do to be saved '1 , " Hindu philosophy tries to answer these questions in Upanishads. Only about sixty-four of these 200 mystic lectures are of value. Some of them were written about 500 B. C., but many of them are comparatively modern. They reveal a reaction from the times when all religious thought and feeling had been smothered by externals. On the whole, their doctrines are pantheistic, but dualism and even asceticsm also find a place in them. They profess to teach the way of salvation by knowledge and show how the human soul in ignorance of God and self clings to unworthy objects, and hence is "dragged into the whirlpool of life." The new doctrine of metempsychosis or transmigration of soul is now promulgated. The series of transmigrations are virtually endless~8,400,000 being the number given man according to merit or demerit. .After death he becomes a cow, a horse, a monkey, a, fly, a scorpion, a snake, or some other creature. ".Ah, this fearful round of births," says the Maratha poet, Tukaram, "This weary coming and going, when will it all end 1" The Upanishads teach that the end is reached when the soul knows itself, and is in union with its true Self, that is, with God. Pessimism, unrelenting pessimism, is the great doctrine of the Upanishads according to which salvation consists in absorption into deity. Since the Upanishads contain only a general philosophy, there naturally arose a desire to classify, arrange and expand these doctrines, and out of this desire grew the official philosophy of India called the six Darsanas (or demonstrations) consisting of systems founded on the Vedas, but which are really "eclecticism issuing in confusion. "

Hindu philosophy begins with a recognition of human sorrow; it seeks in vain for a remedy for sorrow and ultimately asserts and recommends annihilation as the only cure for human ills. .According to this philosophy God is not personal. He is a pure Being without power, intelligence or any other attribute. God is controlled by fate, an iron necessity. Man's one great duty is meditation, thereby to deliver himself from the misery of existence and to attain salvation by the rugged path of asceticism.

Hindu philosophy could not satisfy the human soul any more than could the theology of the Vedas and the Upanishads, so, after long years of gToping after trutIi, a new attempt to still the cry of the sonl is made and the Bhagavad Gita, the" Song of the Holy One," is composed in which an attempt is made to harmonize the discords

of the six philosophies. Great changes must have taken place in India in the meantime. Intercourse with the Hebrews, the Greeks and the Christians changed the complexion of Hindu thought. The Bhagavad Gita is the core of the great epic in the Mahabharata. The principal god of this poem is Krishna, the most popular god of India at the present day. The need and cry of the human soul for a personal God is supplied by making Krishna the great incarnation. Is it not possible that Krishna was the Hindu's idea of the Christ, of whom by this time they must have learned both from the Jews and the Christians ~ A letter from my friend, Prabala Rama Chandrayya Garu, bearing on this subject is of value. He writes: My idea is that the ancient Hindus had glimpses of truth, as can be seen from the ritualistic system which they have, that has so much in common with Judaic forms. The only rational explanation of this similarity in form of worship seems to be that the ancient Hindus came in contact with the Jews who were scattered prior to the captivity, and who at the same time, attracted the attenion of the ancient Brahman sages by their elaborate system of worship. The similarity in this system is that only they have thank-offerings, meat-offel-ings, drink-offerings, and burnt-offerings; observances of new moons and sabbath and the performance of purificatory ceremonies and ablutions. The ancient Hindus seemed to have framed a creed which is found in the 10th Mandala of the Rig Veda, called Purusha Sukta, in which it is said that the Lord of creatures, Pryipati, came to this world to offer himself as a sacrifice for the whole world.

Coming to a later period the worship of Krishna is significant. The similarity between the Hindu conception of him and the New Testament description of Christ is most striking. Both are said to be gods and lords of creation. Both declare that they have been specially sent by God. Both established their worship among the masses, whilst the most religious persons discarded them. To establish their claims, miracles are accredited to Krishna similar to those performed by Christ.

But the worship of Krishna has become gross, as is the case in all forms of Hindu worship. Now the question is: how did Krishna get a place in the Hindu pantheon ~ The only rational explanation seems to be that it was through the Christians who came in contact with the Brahmans of India. There is a tradition that the Apostle Thomas visited India, preached the Gospel and died in Mylapore. near Madras. This may be p;ll'ely a myth, but some Christians undoubtedly came to India at a very early date.

Krishna is today, in Hindu worship, the incarnation of sensual desire. Such an impure deity could not satisfy the soul of man, and it is not surprising thelefore that a sect, the Charvakas, named after a noted teacher, should arise in opposition to this worship. The system of the Charvakas, however, was nothing else than undisguised materialism. The morals of this school embody the materialism of all ages: "Let us' eat and drink for tomorrow we die."

19~7J THE IDEAL VB. THE REAL IN HINDUISM

POPULAR HINDUISM AND BUDDHISM The religion of the grea t masses of the people of bldia as we find it today is eo'nfusioll worse confounded. The Vedas and Darsanas have had great influence ill shaping the creeds of the learned, but the pessimism of both has also taken a great hold on the life and thought of the masses. If one would make an exhaustive study of the popular Hinduism of today, he must study the vast literature of the Hindus in at least a dozen of the languages of India, as well as English, German, Arabic, French, Persian and Greek. One would also need to be a profound logician, knowing how to distinguish between fact and fancy. In fact, only omniscience can adequately describe the life and thought of the people of India.

After reading all the voluminous commentaries on the Vedas and the philosophies one must explain how :Brahmanism became the greatest hierarchy the world has ever known; how the great priestly power of the Brahmans superseded every other power, so that the hierarchy became the sun, and the government the moon, deriving all authority from the Brahmans. This condition of affairs was principally established by the Code of Manu which received its present form about 400 B. C. This code was and is today the great civil and criminal code of India. By it the claim of Brahmans to divinity 'Was legalized and the rights of the Brahmans were declared to be inviolable and divine. This code made the Brahmans the visible gods of India. It is to blame for the degradation of woman and faT suttee-the burning of widows with the bodies of their deceased husbands. All honor to Lord Wm. Bentinck who in 1829 had the moral courage to quench those hellish fires forever. This law-book contains some gold among the dross; for instance, "The wicked have said in their hearts: 'None see us!' But the gods see them and so does the spirit in their own breasts!"

Then one must study the great conflict between Brahmanism and Buddhism. Buddhism originally was a protest against the usurpations of Brahmanism and would have become the great reformation of India, if only Buddhism had been the religion of our God. When Brahmanism had reached the height of her glory this eclipse took place. Alas, that it was .only an eclipse! Brahmanism shone forth brighter than ever, after it had overcome the eclipse by incorporating the new into the old. Buddha was made an incarnation of Vishnu and by persecutions and massacres of Buddhists as depicted on the walls of the great temple in Madura, the Athens of Southern India, Buddhism in India proper was almost wholly suppressed. This rise and fall of Buddhism in India was productive of a large literature written in many languages, and all this would have to be studied. Then we come face to face with the bulky literature written after the failure of this revolution, when Brahmanism took a firmer hold on the minds and hearts of the people. We have

to study the ten Avatars of Vishnu. There is no doubt that at this period Judaism, and espedally Christianity, had begun to exert great influence on this mighty system of priestly power. The Jews had made known the prophecies concerning the Avatar of the Christ and the Christians had told that the Avatar of the Christ had taken place. Grasping this truth the Brahmans incorporated it in their system and said: "If the Jews and Christians have one Avatar we will have ten!" Of all the Avatars those of Rama and Krishna became the most popular. '1'he great epic poems, the Ramayana giving the exploits of Rama, and the Mahabharata, describing the wars between the Pandavas and their cousins the Kauravas, as well as the exploits of Krishna, were now composed.

The Puranas bring us down to comparatively modern times. These treatises exerted a powerful influence on Hinduism, and did much to develop the mighty upas-tree under whose poisonous shade the millions of India die. Along with the eighteen Puranas and the eighteen Upapuranas we must also wade through all the filth of the Tantras which some Hindus exalt above the Shastras. These teach the demoralizing worship of Sakti or female energy.

In addition to the almost innumerable books of India one must also study the history of the almost innumerable sects into which Hinduism is divided. The last census of India revealed the fact that while there are nominally only four castes there are 20,000 subdivisions of castes. These are again subdivided into sects that are always quarreling one with the other, each sect claiming to give the true interpretation of the Vedas. Again there are reformed sects innumerable, and every year new sects spring up like mushrooms. These sects often disagree about the same question that divides us, namely the way of salvation. Among the followers of Vishnu are the Vandagalais and Tengalais, who with Oriental realism discuss these same doctrines. The Pengalais hold the Marjala theory, that is Vishnu saves man nolens volens as the cat saves her kitten, by taking it by the nape of the neck and carrying it away: while the Vadalais teach that Vishnu saves as does the monkey. The young monkey holds on to the mother and then is borne away from danger, so when the sinner holds on to Vishnu he is saved.

It is the almost unanimous conclusion of all scholars who have tried to explore this vast ocean of Hindu dreams and fancies that, during 4,000 years of arduous attempts to reach the truth, it may all be summed up in the proposition that personality is evil, and that annihilation is the only panacea for this evil.

After dipping into this great mass of Hindu learning one reaches the same conclusion that Dr. Murray Mitchell presents: ~tls to belief Hinduism today includes a quasi-monotheism, pantheism, polytheism and atheism-or at least agnosticism. As to worship, it includes meditation on Brahma; image worship and demon worship, fetish

H'27] THE IDEAL VS. THE REAL IN HINDUISM

worship and ghost worship. But again, a man may be a good Hindu who avows no belief at all, provided he pays respect to Brahmans, does no injury to cows, and observes with scrupulous care the rules and customs of his caste. Two hundred and eight millions of our fellow men are satisfied with this system, worse than nebular nothingness, a system truly tohtt lOa bohu, without form and void.

THE RELIGIOUS LIFE OF THE HINDUS In presenting the real in the religious life of the Hindu we must beware of the extremes of flattery and faultfinding. I am afraid Arrian, in his history of India, did not avoid the extreme of flattery when he wrote of the Hindus: "They are remarkably brave; superior in war to all Asiatics. They are remarkable for simplicity and integrity; so reasonable as never to have resource to a lawsuit, and so honest as neither to require locks to their doors, nor writings to bind their agreements. Na Indian was ever known to tell an untruth I" On the other hand, Abbe Dubois, a Roman Catholic missionary,' went to the extreme of faultfinding when he wrote in his otherwise excellent book on the Hindus: "Are we not warranted, on beholding the unnatural and odious worship which prevails over all India, in thinking that these unhappy people are lying under an everlasting anathema, that by obstinately refusing to listen to the voice of the heavens which declare the glory of God, they have forever rendered themselves unworthy of the divine favor?"

While the Hindus are not as good as some of their flatterers assert they are better than their ideals as revealed in their sacred books~ Let it be borne in mind that in all his sins and faults, the Hindu .is always religious. Religion dictates, controls and guides both the good and evil in his life. When a Hindu steals, lies and murders, he does so "by the grace of his god" just as he works, sleeps, prays and is charitable" by the grace of god."

Some of the evil traits all too common in the character of the Hindus are: (1) Ingratitude-there is no "I thank you!" in his language. (2) Untruthfulness-to be called a liar is almost a com· pliment to the Hindu. (3) Dishonesty-especially among servants and officials. (4) Use of vile, abusive language. (5) Perjuryjudges in India have told me that at best their judgments are but guesswork because of the perjury of the witnesses. (6) Forgery. (7) Want of confidence in their fellow men. The unselfishness and love which bring friends, neighbors and relatives so close to us are unknown in India. (8) Oppression-the poor are virtually the slaves of the rich. (9) Revenge-Hindus are generally unforgiving and seldom forget a wrong. (10) Immorality-to be impure is a part of Hindu worship.

On the other hand, everyone coming in contact with the Hindus will find that they possess in an eminent degree: (1) Industry:

most of the people are very hard working. (2) Patience. '1'he people will elldUl'e hardships without mnrmuring. (3) Filial Respect. The word of the elders is law. (4) Charity. By means of charity they hope to acquire merit, and even the poorest are always ready to help the needy. (5) Parental love. A proverb admonishes the people to give one fourth of their income to their parents, one fourth to God, one fourth to current expenses and one fourth for the education of the children.

A few facts prove that the real Hindu is better than many of his ideals. I have never in the many prisons I visited in India found any such murderers as Rama and Krishna are said to have been, nor are the Hindus as immoral and shameless as their gods. The people are not as intemperate as the gods are represented as having been, and there is still a searching after the one- and true God. 'rhe Hindus feel the need of union and communion with God and hence of their own accord they have. established many prayer unions. Every missionary can cite instances .where men, women and children have even called upon the name of Jesus in their distress of soul. At the present the old ideal is fast passing away in India. The leaders .of the people often apologize for the conduct of their gods and say that all that has been written about them is merely allegorical.

Of all the agencies that have brought about the dawn of a brighter day none has been so potent as Christian missions. There are many who in secret serve and worship Jesus and our prayer is that God may soon raise up another son of India's soil who like Buddha shall become a great r~former of Hinduism, but who, unlike Buddha, shall bring to the dying millions the blessed Gospel of salvation through Jesus Christ. Today too Christians' ideal is recognized as the highest and purest throughout the length and breadth of the land, but as so many nominal Christians are so far from the ideal they profess, many Hindus hesitate to follow Jesus wholly, fearing that in taking this step they may make another mistake. The day is coming when Jesus, the Christian's ideal, shall be the Hindu's ideal. May God hasten the day when Christians and Hindus, yea all the nations of the earth, shall" press toward the mark for the prize of the high calling of God in Christ Jesus our Lord I"

If I live as if there were no God-no God to protect, no God to console, no God to punish-what am I but the fool that said in his heart, "There is no God7" What is the atheism of the lips compared with the atheism of the lifef-Amos R. Wells.

A Moslem's Impressions of

Why the Moslem Does Not Want to Be a Ohristian-and Why He Does BY THE REV. CHARLE'S R. WATSON, D.D., CAIRO, EGYPT President of the American University at Cairo T HE American Christian is hearing so constantly about the su- periority of his Christian religion and civilization and about the defects of Islam as a religion and a life that he often says to himself, "Surely it ought to be easy to make Moslems Christians." Or if he has heard that the task is difficult, he ask", in bewilderment, "Why don't they respond to the Christian appeal1 Is not Christianity obviously superior to Islam at every poinU Is not the Christian political conception of an intelligent democracy obviously superior to Moslem absolutism founded on all but universal illiteracy and ignorance~ Is not Christian social life infinitely elevated above Moslem society in which the whole female half of society is degraded and backward ¥ In moral and religious standards, how hopeless is the comparison between Christianity and Islam!"

Let me .try to give the impression of Christianity which the Moslem has received from his contacts with Western civilization.

To the Moslem, Islam is a life and a civilization. Over against it stands your Christian life and civilization. Yours is simply an- other way of living, of doing, and these are the impressions he gains of it.

First, the Moslem views Christianity through the movies. He is intensely interested in knowing how people live in these great Western Christian lands. He gains some insight byway of books and the printed page. He devours these. Not all of them, however, are classics. The dime novel has had wider circulation than the truer descriptions of Western life. But at best the printed page gives a dull picture. Comes the movie. Now he will see life as it is in a Christian country. We look at the film story and we know that it is a bit of fiction. We recognize where it is exaggerated, highly colored, sensational. Not so the Moslem. No other knowl- edge of Christian ways and life are his to correct what he sees, to suggest to him that he should discount a single feature of the story on the screen. He accepts it literally. And what does he seeT The best we have in the film world ~ Far from it, the worst! Yes, and worse yet than Europe can produce. The free mingling of the sexes which we can understand, he interprets as a public licensing of that which 1s1ams allows only in the seclusion of the harem. If he has had any ideals about the white woman and the sanctity of the white man's home, those ideals are shattered. Now he knows the truth.

3 2m

'rhe "Bella Donna" type fixes the color of his future conceptions. Do you wonder that he does not accept Christianity?

Again, the Moslem views Christianity through the foreigner. In spite of restrictions, into every part of the Moslem world the foreigner has come. It is usually a Greek first, the grog shop keeper; then some one of the mixed races of Southern Europe; others still, Italians, French, English, even Americans. Dr. Mott has pointed out that it is a most unfortunate fact that where two civilizations meet, it is usually there that the most unworthy elements of both civilizations come to the front. It is all too true in the Near East. The grog shop keeper, the money shark, the exploiter of others, the rough and brutal, the white slave trader, or, on a higher level, the snob, the exclusive type, the white man possessed with an inordinate sense of racial superiority-these are, far too often, the types that make and damn the Moslem's impression of Christians. For are these not all of them Christians ~ They belong to the Christian West, to its civili,zation and life. To the Moslem they are Christians. I do not wonder that he is not attracted.

Again, the Moslem views Christianity thro~gh his own experience in travel. Some of this travel was enforced as during the War. What these Moslems saw during the Great War, we need not discuss. We admit, however, that it was not Christianity functioning at its best. But the War is over~at least, it is so reported. Now the Moslem sees Christianity as a traveler. But where does he g01 For one who comes t.oAmerica, ten go to England, for ten who go to England, a thousand go to Italy and France. And where do they go in these lands! : Do they 'get into what you call Christian homes 1 Not a bit of it. From hotels ,they pass to cafes, from cafes to theatres 'or cabarets. The boulevards of Paris and Piccadilly in London and the Great White Way of New York give them their impressions of Christianity and Christian civilization. Now they know! Have they not visited Christian lands T Yes, the streets are cleaner, there is more electric light, there is wealth and magnificence. They are almost ready to be denationalized if they can fall heir to it all, but they do not see why they should become Christian. Nor do I.

Once again, the Moslem views Christianity through politics. His country bears some considerable relation to lands that are called Christian. The Christian West simply will not leave the Moslem East alone. What have those dealings been? The first of these were the Capitulations. These were rights which the Moslems accorded to the foreigner to enable him to trade in Moslem territory. What has been the history of these Capitulations? Across years and centuries, by political manipulation, Western nations, so-called Christian, have made use of these Capitulations to secure for their nations immunity from taxation and protection in crime on many occasions, while more than once Capitulations have become the excus,e for ter-

A MOSLEM'S IMPRESSIONEI OF CHRISTIANITY

ritorial occupation. These political deceptions and intrigues acre charged up to the Christian way of doing things, politically, Almost every Western nation in t.urn has at some time been found guilty of substituting force for law and justice, in spite of the teachings of Jesus.

Thus it is that the ordinary Moslem sees Christianity. I have not picked out evil nor imagined points of contact which do not exist. I am giving you just what strikes the average young Moslem, such as we have enrolled in our University. He is interested to know the West, this Christian West, and the impressions he gets of it come to him first and most readily through the movies, through contacts with foreigners, through travel and through the political dealings of his own country with these Western Christian powers. In all of these you will admit there is no very great inducement for a Moslem to favor Christianity. If this were all, we might well despair. But, thank God, there is more. 1'here are things that count.

First, let me mention science. The Moslem world is essentially unscientific. 'Just because they have an arbitrary God whose moods are unknown and whose actions are inscrutable, they can have no foundation for science. How can you have science if the God of your Universe is utterly indifferent to law1 So Islam has lost its grip upon all science and yet can not resist the spell which modern scientific discovery lays upon everyone. Western science is to the Moslem an eternal miracle. He marvels at what the Western Christian world can bring forth, in medicine and in mechanics, in the auto and the gramophone, in the wireless and the aeroplane, in the typesetting machine and the loom. He will borrow all he can' but· he craves that which lies beyond imitation. He craves the pqWfl' to create and invent, to draw endlessly upon the resources of nature as the Western mind seems to be able to do. Here is something good. Here the Moslem looks not with contempt but with wonder and admiration at the Western Christian world and is willing to he taught. And what a chance there is here to lead through nature to God!

Again, I would mention idealism. With all that seems despicable about the Western world, the Moslem somehow gains the impression that out of the West come great ideas and great ideals. He reads of these in his newspapers. He hears them enunciated on the lips of great leaders-a Gladstone, a Wilson, a Lincoln, a 1Vashington. Some find them in the Christian Scriptures or other Christian literature. It matters not that these ideals have not yet found realization. It matters much that such noble sentiments and conceptions should be promulgated. Here is an asset which the Moslem finds in the Christian world.

Yet again, I would name the backwardness of Moslem lands, in contrast with the progressiveness of Western lands. To be sure,

in some sections there is smugness undisturbed. But for the most part the consciousness is there and sometimes it is a bitter consciousness of the backwardness of Moslem lands. Why should illiteracy be 93 per cent in Egypt, when in America it is only 171 Why should twenty-three children out of every hundred in Egypt die before one year of age, when in the United States only a fraction of this number dieT Why should so many of Egypt's population be subject to the dreadful disease of bilharsia, when in Christian lands the disease is unknown r Why should there be only one hundred and three miles of railroad in Persia when that land is equal to three great states that front the Pacific and three great states that lie behind them ~ Why should these Christian lands be teeming with libraries, hospitals, orphanages, colleges and universities, when whole continents of Moslem territory haven't more than one or two of each of these, and then only because of Western initiative1 Deep as an undeniable fact and fixed as a settled conviction becomes the realization that Moslem lands are dead and need to be made alive; that Christian lands, because or in spite of their faith, are alive. Perchance from them Islam may learn the secret of a vitalizing national awakening.

As a further suggestion and one of the most significant, I would name among the contacts in giving the Moslem a view of Christianity Rome personal acquaintance or friendship with a real Christian. I have mentioned his impression received through the foreigner. If what I have said covers ninety out of one hundred, thank God there are the remaining ten who may interpret Christianity more truly. I trust that I shall not be regarded as specially prejudiced because I am in educational work when I say that here is the great value of this educational method. It catches the boy before he is hopelessly prejudiced. It takes him not for a chance interview or a fleeting hour but for the entire time of weeks and months and often years. It gives him Christian friendships. It admits him to the Christian homes. He looks into the faces of unveiled women whose lives are pure. Suddenly there breaks upon him the genuineness and naturalness of this Western treatment of women;" the ennobli;ng character of it, the wholesomeness of life where men and women ~ive on an equality and share life's joys aRd burdens together.

Lastly, I would name the interpretation and illustration of the Christian faith by the representatives of Christianity in Moslem lands. Somewhere at some time in the process of his impressions about Christianity, the Moslem must have access to those who will sit down with him and indoctrinate him as to the significance of Christianity. The supreme thing of course is that he shall gain a living experience of God through Christ and that spiritual power shall come coursing into his life imparting purity, power and joy. To render this service is the supreme happiness of your representa- tives across the sea.

RA~'T ON THE LEBRIJA RIVER, CO LOMlllA; THEJ RIVEJR ABOUNDS IN

The Legitimacy of Evangelical Missions in Latin-A·merica B Y REV. WEBSTER E. BROWN ING, PH.D" MONTEVIDEO, URUGUAY SOME earnest evangelical Christ,ians ,q,u,estion t,he legitimacy of Evangelical Missions in Latin America. It is a natural question, and particularly so when asked by those who contribute to the financial support of this w6rk. It comes also from the young people of our colleges and seminaries whb are looking about the world in search of the best place in which to invest their lives, and who have little exact knowledge of the religious conditions that prevail in the Latin republics.

A satisfactory reply to the question would require a generoussized volume. Yet the following suggestions may be of help to some who are interested in this particular field and who are willing to study further, 'l'wo results of Evangelical work in Latin America might be classed by some as by-products of the missionary programme, yet either of them fully repays for all the missionary money and life already invested in these lands.

1. The first is to be found in the English-speaking congre,qations that are scattered from the Rio Grande to the Straits of Magellan, and which minister to the spiritual needs of the thousands of men and women of our own language and religion. who are compelled, because of business interests, to live within the bounds of Latin- 277

America. In every case, save a few British Consular Chaplaincies, founded a century ago, the work of these congregations-some of which are now self-supporting union churches-work was organized and has been carried on by membeJ;$',of this or that evangelical mission, who have thus added to already heavy duties that of ministering to the spiritual needs of their fellow-countrymen. . Sunday-schools have been organized, and provided for the religious education of the young; church buildings or halls have been provided, until such time as the congregation could secure its own; the Word has been faith- fully preached; the minister has been at the call of the members of the community, when wedding bells have rung and when death has knocked at the door; and these little and struggling congre- gations have stood out boldly as a marked proof of the religious con- victions of our fellow citizens who are self-exiled from the home land.

2. The grea t advance in the conquest of civi[ liberty in the twenty republics of Latin-Am er·, ica during the last half century is very largely due to the liberalizing influence of the Evangelical mis- sions. Cemeteries which were for- merly closed to all who had not been shriven by a pri est of the Roman Church-even to little chil- dren who had not been baptized by a clergyman of that faith-are now AN INDIAN FAMILY IN SOUTHERN CHILE open to receive the dead of all faiths or of none; marriag'e is no longer a sacrament that can be administered only by a priest of Rome, in order that children may be considered as of legitimate birth, but is a civil contract which may afterward be consecrated by a minister of any faith, if the contracting parties so desire j ulld liberty of worship has been fought for and secured by liberal statesmen who have been very largely inspired by the teaching of the Evangelical missionary. Persecution, by the hierarchy of Rome, which has filled many a martyr's grave in Latin-America, has been largely checked and there is not a government today which does not willingly exercise its influence or its might to insure to the Evangelical missionary complete liberty of speech and action. Other reasons, perhaps more strictly within the programme of Christian l'nissions, may be briefly summed up :

927 J 'l'lIE LEGI'l'IM:ACY OF EVANGELICAL M:ISSIO:t'i" IN LATIN-AMERICA

(1). If we should grant that the Roman Catholic Church is all that it ought to be, and that it has done all that it could have done to give the whole Gospel to the people of Latin-America, yet the indisputable fact still remains that this great field has not been fully occupied. Moreover, the Roman Church, with its declining power, is impotent to extend its sphere of influence.

In general, the cities and towns that rim the coast have been cared for, but there are some which have not been provided with a sufficient number of places of worship, and the great interior contains a numerous population for which that church has done little or nothing, even as Protestantism has been even more remiss in the fulfilment of its duties toward this great area.

IN THE KINDER(MRTEN AT CRANDON INflTITllTE, MONTEVIDEO In Bolivia there are but 328 parish churches, 83 of them without priests, in an area equal to the combined area of Washington, Oregon, Idaho, California and Nevada. Paraguay has but 84 priests to a popUlation of a million. More than half are in the capital, the remainder expected to care for a region as large as an New England and almost completely without roads of any kind. In Colombia, in the region drained by the Sinu river, with a population of 100,000, there are but three priests, and the archbishop of Cartagena is reported to have declared that, in spite of all his efforts, he could not find candidates for the priesthood. Chile, which extends for three thousand miles along the Pacific and reaches up to the ridge of the mighty Cordillera de los Andes, reports one priest for every 8,000 of its population, most of these in the large centers with

STUDENTS TAKING 'THID OOMMERCIAL COURSE IN GRANBERY COLLEGE (METHODIST), JUIZ DE FORA. BRAZIL the country districts cared for only by occasional missions.. Even Buenos Aires, the second Latin city of the world and the metropolis of Latin-America, "with a population of 2,000,000, has but thirty-five Roman Oatholic parish churches and eighty-one ch1'1pels, according to published statistics. Philadelphia, with about the same population, in addition to its large number of Protestant chur~hes, has 285, and Brooklyn, also of about equal size, has 120.

The great interior of the continent, which, in South America, alone constitutes an area of 6,000,000 square miles, is pitiably lacking in all that constitutes a proper provision for the spiritual necessities of its people. In all that area, there are but 84 centers of Protestant work, and in all South America, in a population of 60,000,000, there are but 125,000 Protestant church members.

(2). The various governments, in spite of strenuous efforts, have not been able to provide for the education of the entire population. In every country there is a small group of well-educated men and women, but the educational spire, though high, is exceedingly slender. The president of an Argentine university is quoted as having declared that" ten thousand persons do all the thinking for the eight or nine million Argentines." In Brazil, in a recent survey of one of the interior States, out of 3,000 persons only thirteen could sign their names. The average analphabetism must reach 75 per cent of the population, the lowest in any country is 38.8, and the highest can not be less than 92 per cent.

11i:!' J THE LEGrrIMACY OF EVANGELICAL MISSIONS IN LA1'IN-AMERWA

Moreover, while schools may instruct, they do not educate.

Professors teach that God is a myth, religion man-made, and soulmold is not a function of the school. In but few, if any, universities, could more than ten per cent of the students be found interested in any degree in religious matters. The majority, while not antagonistic, would declare themselves completely indifferent.

(3) There is a deep distrust of the dominant church, coupled with a lack of religious conviction on the part of the men, which can be overcome only with help from without. A South American writer has recently declared, "Speaking broadly, men are non-religious. I will go further and say that a sort of suspicion lingers about a church man, for people know that loyalty to the Catholic Church does not always spell loyalty to what is just and right." Another writes, "The man does not believe in the Church, feels no need for it, and is accustomed to ignore its existence." The women, especially of the upper class, are geuerally practicing Catholics, but it is a grave misfortune for Latin-America that its men are divorced from theology and Christian worship. : . i _ (4). Roman Catholics point to the divisions of Protestantism as a proof that it is fundamentally wrong.. Yet four hundred years of untrammelled spiritual hegemony in Latin-America have not given to Roman Catholicism that hold on life and that spiritual authority that it should have secured, and each decade marks a decline in its spiritual power. There is a greater unity of spirit among the too numerous Protestant sects, than in Roman Catholicism itself, and much of the vitality and dynamic power of Protestalltism CRANDON INSTITUTE GRADUATES WHO ARE NOW TEACHERS

is due to that friendly emulation, which characterizes religious life in the United States. Roman Catholicism has been of great use to Protestantism in the Nordic countries, in spurring it to purer and more active life, and needs, in return, that same help in its own work in the countries of Latin-America. Because of the presence and work of the Evangelical missionaries, better sermons are being preached by the Roman clergy, purer life is demanded of the priest- hood, more and better hospitals and schools are being founded and are maintained at a higher level, and new life is already stirring.

(5). The millions of pagan Indians scattered from the Rio Grande to Magellan's Straits constitute a commanding challenge to the Evangelical churches of North America that cannot longer be ignored. Muny of these In- dians, it is true, have been bap- tized, but it is most often but a baptized paganism. The Indian may go to mass and he may pro- fess reverence for the saints, but at heart he remains true to his tribal divinities and turns to them in times of stress and doubt. The great mass of the Indian popula- tion is as thoroughly pagan as were their ancestors when Colum- bus first looked out on the shores ENTRANCE TO THE EVANGELICAL of the Wf etns.tbeersn ownocreldr.uleTdhebyretmhe- INSTITUTE OF THE· SOUTHERN nants PRESBYTERIANS, AT LAVRAS 0 haughty Inca or proud Monte- zuma, many of them head-hunters and cannibals, as well as quiet tillers of the soil in the mountain valleys and the high plains, can expect no help in the alleviation of their ills, except as it comes to them from the Evangelical churches of Great Britain or the United States. Bishop Oldham has characterized the Indian of South America as the "most pathetic figure in history," and has declared that "if ever from the depressed heart of a submerged people there went np a cry for help int.o the ears of the Lord God of Sabaoth, that cry goes up this day from the nearly twenty millions of Indians scattered from Mexico to Chile."

The Evangelical churches are today willingly pouring out money .and life in the uplift of the black folk of Africa and the belated na- tions of the Far East, and conditions merit and demaIld even greater sacrifice of both. Yet, when these millions of fellow-Americans, as pagan and as needy as the most submerged races of the world, beg for the crumbs that fall from our loaded tables, we tU1'n a deaf ear to their cry. Surely God will require at our hands the lives and

1)27J 'l'IHJ LEGI'l'IMACY OF EVANGELICAL MISSIONS IN LATIN-AMERICA

souls of these our dark-skinned brethren of the South who have long cried out in their agony and heard no reply save the echo of their own wailing!

(6). The love of fair play which characterizes the Anglo-Saxon race demands that we give something to Latin-America, instead of limiting our efforts to getting all possible out of it. The com~ mercial interests of the United States in the twenty Latin republics would today total around $4,000,000,000, and Great Britain has even larger interests. Our business and professional men have gone into these countries and in fair and open competition won their just share of business. But can we, as a nation, rest satisfied with this successful penetration of commercial relations 1 Shall we make no attempt to make known to the Latin-Americans our educational, social and religious ideals? Are we to discourage the interchange of moral and spiritual resources, and be satisfied with mere material gains 1 vVhat Latin-America, in common with all the world, needs today, is a new vision of the Christ. And with this vision will come a new ideal of service, a greater readiness to take up the cross that must be borne and to establish the Kingdom that must be established. If to help other peoples attain to this vision is legitimate, surely it can not be less so in Latin-America.

THE SUNDAY-SCHOOL OF THE "PEOPLE'S INSTITUTE," SUSTAINED BY SOUTHERN METHOIJIISTS AMONG THE POOR OF RIO DE JANE.IRO

Adequate Program for Home

BY JAY S. STOWELL, NEW YORK I Na story which I read recently one of the characters was con- tinually talking about going a mile off and looking at himself, in order to see things in their proper perspective. The Home Mission enterprise appears to need some of that treatment just now.

In my judgment, Home Missions are passing through a very critical period. We are in a rather unusual sense at the turning of the road, and the particular fork which we take is a matter of considerable concern to the Church and to America at large. One road seems to lead us to a slow and, let us hope, a painless death, or to that apparently tranquil state of innocuous desuetude. The other holds out the allurement of hard work and of problems to tax our imagination, our faith, and our courage, but with the added enticement of real achievement.

The appeal of the frontier, which stood us in good stead for a century, is gone. To be sure, the genus cowboy is not altogether extinct; homesteaders can be discovered without a magnifying glass; and there are yet some thousands of acres of untrimmed and unmanicured sage-brush and greasewood to reckon with in our national domain. But it is becoming more difficult to convince a hard-headed farmer, on a northern New York farm worth ten dollars an acre, that his money is best expended by giving it to help support competing churches in southern Idaho, where land is worth $250 an acre. One does not need to argue to prove that the days of frontier home missions as such are gone and gone forever.

Another appeal which we have used effectively in the past but which is failing us in these latter days is that patronizing attitude, which makes us beneficently minded toward the man upon whom God has bestowed slanting eyes, a dark-hued skin, or curly hair. This appeal to a supposedly more favored race for benevolence toward a different race is still effective so far as getting money is concerned, but its by-products are woefully unfortunate. It is about ready for the discard. Unfortunately it becomes sand in our eyes and blinds us to the real immensity of our task.

So too the appeal of the log cabin and the adobe shack are more and more impossible of use. No more striking moment occurred in the recent El Paso Conference than that in which, a Mexican youth with but a sixth-grade education stood on the platform and pleaded, "Don't show those pictures of our poverty around the country. "

Wha.t then is our task and our appeal? Is it not to provide adequate opportunities for Christian religious nurture, and opportunities for religious expression to both young and old? It is to reach 284 the unreached. To reach them we must first find them, and, when we look about, we discover that they do not all live in Clay County, West Virginia, or in New Mexico. They are everywhere, and almost everywhere we have churches of some sort or other. Our first task as home missionary leaders, therefore, is to lead in making our local church program more effective. We must become leaders in mapping parishes and locating the unreached, in evangelism, in local church finance, and in religious education. We must show our people how to serve the entire community and how to make our churches community and Kingdom servants rather than social clubs.

The people whom we wish to reach are connected with families and live in houses. We can locate those houses and make sure that every family is under the care of some church. 'rhe extended area of "no-man's-land" around so many of our churches must be done away, and church programs must be enriched to serve the people effectively.

We must make our churches concerned about the people who are "different," and even show them how to crowd up a little closer in the pew and make room for the one who is "different." So far as the records go, the smell of garlic never killed anyone, and it is no more pervasive than an i.rresistible spirit of good-will. Of course in many communities outside aid must be secured, but would it not be a wonderful thing, if we could make our subsidizing activities an incident in a great plan of church effectiveness, which had for its goal the wiiming of every man, woman, and child in America to Jesus Christ, regardless of racial origin or complexion ~ Human nature being what it is, our most immediate task is with the rising generation and the fundamental missionary challenge in the United States today is the nearly twenty million boys and girls who are not enrolled in any Sunday-school or similar organization, either Catholic, Hebrew, or Protestant, and who are growing up uninformed concerning matters of religion and untrained in religious living. And these young people are everywhere. Professor Felton has told us that.in Tompkins County, New York, they found 77 per cent of the children in the rural communities studied outside of any church or Sunday-school. In fact, in one public school district only one child was connected with any Sunday-school. Recently in one of the richest agricultural sections of Iowa a Methodist district superintendent said, "One half of the farmers in my territory never go to church, no Christian minister ever goes into their homes, and their children are enrolled in no Sunday-school."

It matters little whether the skin of these young people is red, brown, black, or white; whether they are children of foreign-born or native-born parents, or whether they live in log cabins, in apartment houses, or on landed estates. It is a matter of national concern that the education received.in our public schools shall be supple-

mented by very definite religious training and that that training shall be made available for our entire juvenile population. The task is an enormous one, but its accomplishment is feasible. A start could be made by employing three thousand trained directors of religious . education and distributing them one to a county throughout the United States to correlate and unify the work already done by local churches and communities, to improve the efficiency of the work, to extend its outreach through daily vacation schools, week-day religious instruction, club work and the like and not the least important to survey t.he ent.ire area with a view to discovering the boys and girls not now receiving religious training and relating them to some church or Sunday-school, where they can receive such training. A considerable number of such workers are already employed. One of them alone last summer had nearly fifty volunteer workers conducting daily vacation church schools in rural communities. Practically all of these volunteer workers had either college or normalschool training. They gave their time without renumeration, the communities providing incidental expenses. We should not rest until the responsibility for every family is definitely located. Ultimately the task may involve many paid teachers of religion, with as adequate qualifications for their particular work as are now demanded of the teachers in our public schools.

To locate the boys and girls and the men and women now un· reached and get them under the care of some church is a feasible undertaking, particularly in our rural sections. It could. be done as effectively as our public- school authorities now locate the boys and girls of school age, but it calls for a united approach. It would at least show us where our task lies and it would probably reveal to us the fact that instead of being surfeited with religious leaders we are short of men and women to do the work, especially individuals trained to direct the work of religious nurture.

Surely such a comprehensive program would capture the imagination of our constituency, and it would help us to make the most effective use of all the agencies now in the field. Suppose we were to state our immediate home mission goals for America in some such simple and understandable terms as these: EVERY FAMILY IN AMERICA CARED FOR BY SOME CHURCH.

EVERY Boy AND GIRL IN AMERICA ENROLLED IN AND ATTENDING SOME SUNDAy-SCHOOL.

EVERY CHURCH IN AMERICA WITH AN ADEQUATE AND WELL-TRAINED STAFF AND A WELL-CONSIDERED PROGRAM OF WORSHIP, RELIGIOUS NURTURE, AND COMMUNITY MINISTRY.

Then suppose every local church, every community, every state and city church federation, and every national religious agency were asked to join in a cooperative program for the achievement of these goals. At present we tend to depend too much upon what we can

AN ADEQUA'l'E, PROGRAM FOR HOME MISSIONS

do directly as national agencies; we are giving too little attention to inspiring all our churches to more earnest and more intelligent effort all along the line. '

To reach all the unreached in America seems an overwhelming impossibility. To reach the unreached in one single community, however, is a perfectly feasible undertaking. Could we enlist the present forces for righteousness in all our communities in a united enterprise, our task might be accomplished.

Such a program would of course have to head up somewhere for purposes of publicity and direction, but probably not for field administration. The work on the field could be done through the agencies now operating there. Ten or fifteen thousand dollars in- vested in such a type of promotion would probably release many times that amount in terms of applied Christian energy on the field.

Religion played a large part in America's early colonial life.

Our institutions were founded in a religiously-minded society and were permeated with religious idealism. No greater calamity could eome .to America than to lose that idealism by allowing repeated generations of American youth to grow up illiterate in religious matters and untrained in religious life. If we could provide for all the boys and girls of America as good opportunities for religious nurture as some boys and girls are now enjoying, and if we could interest our local churches in the adults now unreached by them, we .

would not have much reason to worry about the America of the'

future.

THE GLORIOUS ENTERPRISE OF CHRISTIAN MISSIONS· BY AMOS R. WELLS, D.D., LL.D., BOSTON, MASS.

Missions make up the most extensive, powerful, and effective enterprise in the world today. No other enterprise reaches so many 'People, moves them so mightily, and commands for its services so much brain power and soul power. Missions are laboring for the improvement of every great city, of all remote corners of our land, and of all its diverse populations. Missions are carrying the Kingdom of God to every nation under the sun. Missions are instinct with heroism, ceaseless in industry, magnificent in achievement.

Do you not want to be allied with this noblest of all endeavors, the establishment of the Kingdom of God T You could not give your life to a more resplendent task. You could not enter a more imperial Brotherhood. The work calls for the best that you can contribute. The work will develop you until you are at your best. No other work is so satisfying, so inspiring.

The Kingdom of God is calling you now. Do not give any smaller aim a chance to seize you. Do not waste a year or a month of your life on inferior objects. Join the Church of Jesus Christ, and you will find that step to be your entrance upon the royal life.

"From the Christian Endeavor World. Freedom for Moslem Women * BY MISS J. G. KING I N EGYPT during the past few years Moslem women have ob- tained greater freedom in many respects. The veil, formerly designed to protect the wearer from the public gaze, is now a thin flimsy ornament which hides nothing from the passer-by. The new laws of child-marriage have established the minimum age of sixteen years. Free acquaintance is granted with their husbands and sons, and permission is given to mingle freely with the audience at the cinema or. theatre, instead of occupying the strictly harem seats allotted to the women. They are allowed to go in the streets and frequent the shops without the customary servant in attendance. In fact, the Moslem women of Egypt seem to be entering into the freedom of the civilization of the West.

Yet I call to mind a very different picture of the Moslem women of Egypt, whose lives are still behind the latticed screen of the harem. Few foreigners really know all that goes on in the Moslem homes (so called) of Egypt. The tourists see only the side of life described by the press correspondent. How many homes are touched by this transformation? Perhaps one in a thousand, and the ordinary Moslem woman knows nothing of this new freedom.

Ohild-marriage prevails everywhere still, in both city and village. During the Nile evangelistic campaign, when visiting in the districts unfrequented by the European traveller, it seemed that in practically every house in the village there was the little child-bride, from nine years old to eleven years, and sometimes younger. The days of seclusion began from the time of betrothal, and the little br:de entered the life of the harem. No laws of the mimimum marriage age ever rescued her from the bondage of harem life. She has never known a true child life. Will the mothers who read this think of their own bairns of eight and nine years old, and their happy lives of freedom, and let the cry of the little child-brides of Egypt come home to their heart1 The sorrows of these children are very real. 'l'hey yearn for the love you lavish upon your little ones. The wedding-day may be attended with great outward excitement, yet I have seen the fear on the faces of the little child-brides, as they know not who their husband may be, whether kind or cruel, and they realize what it means to leave a mother and be given to the care of a man whom they have never seen.

The second picture the curtain reveals is the girl of fifteen to eighteen years, not recognizable as the strong healthy schoolgirl of America, active in all games and various sports, enjoying the life of the girl guide, or entering college to pursue the studies she loves.

• From Blessed Be Egypt~ Cairo. 288

1927J FHEEDOM FOR MOSLEM

Where is the freedom for the Moslem girl? She has known no girl- hood, she is, to outward appearances, a middle-aged woman, and what have the years of harem life done for her~ Her mind is warped, she knows nothing beyond the care of her children and the cooking of the food. She cannot discuss any questions of the outside world. She has never seen it. She cannot read-only six Moslem women in a thousand can do that. She is the slav~ of her husband; she is ill- treated, or not, at his caprice. Her days follow in one ceaseless round of trivial household duties. Her life becomes one of scheming how to deceive her husband in order to save a little of the money given her for household purposes, and to lay it by for her own wants, or to pro- vide for herself should the fatal day of divorce come. That dread, which haunts her, day in and day out, is a very real dread, and its shadow falls across every Moslem home. I have been in the midst of a group of some seven or eight women, and from each one the same story was poured out. "Yes, I am a divorced woman." "My hus- band tired of me a few months after my marriage and divorced me. "

"I have been divorced three times."

I have heard the cries of woe in the dead of night when that dread has become an actuality, and the woman has been ejected from her husband's house to find a home where she can-with her parents, if they are living, or with other relatives. Try and picture all it would mean to live constantly with a dread of homelessness hang- ing over your head, and to know it is possible at a moment's notice.

'l'his is the picture of the girl's life in the harem.

There is only one more scene I can disclose behind that latticed window-the woman in old age. There is no care for the aged woman in the home life of Egypt's women. Unwanted she came into the world, so uncared-for she may leave it. The saddest picture of all is the grey hairs that go down in sorrow to the grave. Oftentimes the end is hastened, and very little mourning is made for the old woman.

I have heard the remark, "Their life is over, they are no use now, it is better they should die; God will be merciful to them." There is no hope and no comfort for their last days.

Where is the new freedom we have read about? It is coming slowly, but the freedom of civilization is not the one they need to release them from their bonds of sadness. The new freedom is the glorious liberty of the Gospel of Jesus Ohrist, to be preached in every home, to be proclaimed to every tired, sin-stained soul. Have they heard that yet 1 Very few have yet heard the glad tidings of the love of Jesus, and that He came to set at liberty them that are bound. But we have the great responsibility of sending the Gospel to these women. We must answer the question now for it may be the door of opportunity, which is open now, will close for Egypt's women. How can we face our Lord, if we have heard of their sorrows and done nothing to give them this new freedom for which they are yearning? 4 . _ ..– . BEST MBTHO DS · ",a'1!S"l'li :M-"" '-",,- CHRISTIAN STEWARDSHIP IN PRINCIPLE AND PRACTICE Pocketbook Heroism from littleness, worldliness, and sec- In the first year of its existence tarianism. before the new missionaries went out Fourth. Because the Gospel is adeto foreign lands, the receipts of the American Board of Commissioners quate to save. One needs but to see for Foreign Missions were less than the transformations worked by the one hundred dollars. When the so- Gospel in mission lands to have faith ciety assumed the responsibility of greatly strengthened. sending the men abroad, it had about five hundred dollars in its treasury :J!'ifth. Because only through the and only twelve hundred dollars in churches and their giving will the lost sight. Their· heroism was communi- world be reached. cated to the pocket-books as well as the hearts of a multitude of American Sixth. Because the large work of Christians. Gifts were laid on the world redemption includes all Chriscommunion-table at the ordination of tian work in its blest circle. Get a Adoniram Judson and his fellow mis- church deeply interested in the work sionaries so that the communion-table of Christ in distant lands, and you have no trouble in interesting it in every good work everywhere.-Mis- sionary lntelligencer.

became "an altar of offering." Be- STEWARDSHIP AND PART_ fore they sailed the American Board NERSHIP had received six thousand dollars and the missionaries received the money By R. A. ETHERIDGE for their outfit, and salaries for a year Our Lord has not called us all to be in advance. "At one house where the missionaries, but He called us all to Judsons were entertained, the door witness. From twenty years' expewas opened by an unseen hand, and a rience as a lawyer, I know something purse of fifty dollars in coin was about the witness on the stand. A thrown in, with the label, 'For Mr. witness must have experience. He Judson's private use.' " must have something to tell, and he WHY EVERY CHURCH SHOULD must know whereof he speaks. I have GIVE TO MISSIONS an experience for which I am thank- ful, and I know what I am talking First. Because the Master com- about.

mands. Every church must partici- The fundamental thing and the su- pate in giving the Gospel to the un- preme thing in giving is that the saved or fails in its loyalty to Him. Christian shall give himself. I had Second. Because gifts are greatly been a Christian a long time before needed. The work is enlarging, the the truth of that dawned upon me. I unentered fields are calling, the mis- had not thought about giving God my sionaries need funds for the work. family, my business, all my future Third. Because the churches need prospects. When I made that com- the partnership. Only the church plete surrender and handed over my that participates actively in this work life into the hands of God, I found is promised the blessing of the pres- that to give Him money was merely ence of Christ. True partnership in incidental; that was easy. When B world missions will save the churches man has made the supreme gift of 290

BEST METHODS

himself, and has surrendered his will his day's work for the Master. I pray and his life into the hands of God, God to bless him. He says, as he lies you do not need to talk money to Him. down at night, "My partner at At- Giving follows as the night the day. lanta is just going to his office for a We ought not to ask people for their day's work. God bless and prosper money until they have been first asked him. " Oh, the richness of it; oh, the to give themselves to God. magnificence of it, to be a child of About twelve years ago I awoke to God and a citizen of the world, and the blessed fact that the Lord was to be engaged in partnership with willing, not simply to save my soul God in bringing to pass the Kingdom and my spiritual being, but that He of God, which Jesus Christ Himself was interested in everything that came to this world to establish in the touched my everyday life. He is will- hearts of men.

ing to come down and enter into partnership with me in the practice of The new world which is coming will law; that He is as glad to be by my be worth as many sacrifices as that side in the morning at my desk as on for which ten million men laid down Sunday when I teach the class of men thei,' lives during the world war.- in the church to which I belong. So I ROBERT E. SPEER.

decided to go into business with the Lord, to ask Him to be a partner in SOME PRINCIPLES OF BENEVO- my firm; and I promised Him that LENCE any material blessing or prosperity By J(}HN D. R(}CKEFELI~F.R that He might send to me would })e The man who plans to do all his used as a sacred trust for His glory giving on Sunday is a poor prop for and for the good of my fellows. I the institutions of the country. promised Him that out of every dollar that might pass through my hands, We must always remember that a definite proportion should go into there is not enough money for the the treasury of the Lord. work of human uplift, and there never I kept books with the Lord, and can be. How vitally importaut, therenow there is always money in God '8 fore, that the expenditure should go treasury. I do not give grudgingly as far as possible and be used with the any more. It is the joy of my life. greatest intelligence. My Heavenly F~ther has prospered me and I try to see to it that it is It would be the narrowest sort of clean business. view to take, and I think the meanest, to consider that good works consist My Partner has resources. He chiefly in the giving of money. knows how to help me. It should be a greater pleasure and satisfaction to give money for a good There has been such a blessing that cause than to spend it.

has come into my life that I love to WHY DO YOU GIVE? tell other men about it and ask them to adopt the principle of being liberal There is the story of a lady· who with the Giver of all good. It pays in dreamed that she went to church and a thousand ways. It pays in the en- as the people were going away she saw largement of life. I have multiplied some one standing at the door holding myself by having a missionary at a plate for the gifts of the people. It work on the other side of the globe looked like an ordinary plate, but it while I am working here. Every day had the power of changing each gift we pray for him. He is doing the into its real value in God's sight. A same thing for us. That man is in- gentleman put in a ten-dollar gold terested in my prosperity. It is a piece, which at once turned into brass, ha.ppy thought that as I lie down to because the man had given it in order sleep, my representative on the other to be thought well of by others. A side of the world is just going forth to lady put in a quarter, which turned

quickly into a penny. She could give our interest in the advancement of more, and she gave only because God's Kingdom on earth. Once get others gave. A little girl came up, people interested, instructed, and indropped in a penny, which turned in- spired concerning missions; get them to a flower. She had given just to down on their knees for the salvation please her teacher. Then a very poor of the world and giving must follow. little girl came along and put a penny When a Christian gets the worldon the plate. Instantly it was changed wide vision he gives and gives freely. into gold. The child had denied herself to give the money, because she STEWARDSHIP SERMONS loved the Lord Jesus Christ. Thi~ made it well pleasing to God. Your soul and your money will move in the same direction. When THE APOSTLE'S PLAN OF GIVING you are a child of God your money 3S 1 Corinthians 16.2 well as your life and lips must reveal to whom you belong. ERIODIC W01"8h1pful Prayerfu! In the gospel enterprise money should not be produced at the expense "On 6nl day dlhe week Cheerfu! of life but as a result of life–spirit- Habitual ual life.

ERSONAL Each Man The church life must possess a Each Woman proper atmosphere if the finances are Let each. on~ of you to be produced wisely and helpfully Eaoh B01J for all concerned. . . . Atmosphere Each Girt of the right sort is produced by care- No Proxies ful and constant prayer, thought, and No Mergilng planning concerning church finance; it does not produce itself. ROVIDENT ~'o,.ehanaea Financing the gospel enterprise is Lay by him in store DelibeTOto a spiritual matter first, last and all the time. Thoughtful Intelligent Every child of God must seek to give the Father-Owner the maximum REVENTIVE No Defi<>it rather than the minimum. In order No Intere8t on to judge what is a maximum we need Be mllde wheo I come" to get the viewpoint of the Lord. Loans Often the largest giving is done by No Worry people who contribute small sums No Retrench- week by week.

ments With a professing Christian, giving is not a matter of legislation but of DECAYING CHURCHES life.

A painter was once asked to por- The stewardship tide in the local tray "A Decaying Church." He church will seldom rise higher than placed on the canvas a fine, handsome the convictions and practices of the building, and a large number of fash- pastor. ionably-dressed people going towards the entrance. In the lobby, where The true steward gives at least a it could be seen by all who entered, tenth, for he believes in proportionate was a box with a slit, and on this box giving. He gives intelligently and was written in large letters, "FOR with discrimination. He seeks to MISSIONS": but over the opening know the world field as well as his loa spider had woven its web! cal church work and his money is care- fully distributed so that the world is Is there any vital connection be- blessed by the use of it. He is a stewtween the decrease in membership, in ard in all that he keeps and in all that Sunday-schools and other organiza- he gives.-F. A. Agar. tions and the debt of the missionary boards~ When a church grips with no uncertain hand this great question of missions, numerical decreases will disappear. Vital Christian conviction and vital Christian life are shown in

BEST ME'l'HODS

MY MONEY CREED We, the undersigned members of the par- ish, in the presence of God, do covenant as 1. To spend my income rightly is follows: one of my first tasks as a Christian. UntH I settle this, my prayers and 1, In acknowledgment of the Divine own· confessions will be like saying, "Lord, ership of all that we possess we do in· Lord, " and not doing the will of my dividually covenant with God in the Ian· F'ather. guage of .Jacob: "Of all that Thou shalt give me I will surely pay the tenth unto 2. I should set aside a definite pro- Thee." portion of my income for the Church and the service of others. I do this in 2. Secondly, we do covenant with ouracknowledgment of God's sovereignty selves and with our God that we will bring over all my material possessions. I the Lord '8 portion, the full tenth of our do this because it is business-like. income, into the storehouse, that as He has Giving on impulse and without sys- commanded, "There may be meat in My tem does not accord with the impor- house, " for the building of the Kingdom. tance of this work. 3. We agree that this money shan be 3. The proportion to be set aside cared for by the treasurer of the Tithers' for these purposes should not be less Association and divided between the sup· than one tenth of my income. The port of the Gospel, the various benevolent Old Testament enjoined the tithe in enterprises of the church and other work of ancient Israel, and surely I am receiv- the Kingdom as shall be agreed upon. ing far more trom God than did the men of any former generation. 4. We further agree, in that liberty which Nevertheless, one tenth is not to be the limit of my giving. . . . I ought is in Christ, in case of nnusual tithe or spe· to give more, if I be able.-Han'is F'r'onklin Rall. cial divine leading, any individual shall The time is overdue for sane, scrip- deem it necessary that he shall direct the tural, spiritual teaching of the law of stewardship. Millions of Christian division of his tenth, that he may be permen and women are now keeping back part of the tithes. We have not mitted to do so by written order to the linked the stewardship of property with the consecration of the steward- treasurer, a full record of such transaction ship of life. A widespread revival of the teachings of Christian steward- to be kept in the books of the Association. ship will not only insure an adequate we 5,. support of the cause of Christ, but further agree that having entered will bring about a deepening of the Hpiritual life of the church as its into this covenant we will not be under ob· principal result.-Bishop Homer C. Sf.untz. ligation to sign any additional subscription SCRIPTURAL STANDARDS OF or pledge for any church work or benevo· GIVING lence. Our dues to any of the authorized In response to the call of the pastor church organizations to which we may beand a company of laymen who caught long will be ~aid by the treasurer of the the vision of the possibilities, spiritual and financial, of adopting Bible stand- Tithers' Association out of the tithe money ards of giving, a church at Geneva, New York, entered upon a new epoch on written orders approved by the execu· in its history. Two hundred and sixty-five persons have signed the fol- tive committee. In case we make additional lowing agreement: contributions "according as the Lord has prospered" us they will be regarded as free· will or thank offerings.

6. For any matters not herein provided the executive committee and the pastor are empowered to act in the best interests of the church and the Kingdom.

The pastor says: "The law of the tithe was designf'd by God to produce spiritual results. It is a mistake to think of the law of the tithe primarily as. a system of finance. The first result of the tithing association was a real revival of re- ligion. The membership increased to over one thousand. During the year the church raised $15,600, including the payment of all apportioned be- nevolences, plus twenty-five per cent. Three fourths of the entire amount contributed was paid by the members of the tithers' association."

EFFIOIENOY IN A SMALL OHUROH don Missionary Society. He had not much money to give, but he thought At Portal, NQrth Dakota, the .pas- he would try to earn some. He kept tor, Rev. W. 11. Grafton, has had g,?od some fowls, and decided that one of success in calling out the latent force!; his hens should belong to the Society, of his church. Here follows a brief and that all the eggs she laid should story of how it was done, and the re- be sold and the money given. Before sults. she died the money amounted to .£4 lOs-about $23. But that was not all. METHODS The hen sat on eight of her eggs until they were hatched, these too belonged "Put the Kingdom first, not our to the Society, and in time have own church. " brought in a large amount of money.

Pastor gave one tenth of salary. When the hen died, the old man Sermons in February and March on had her body embalmed, and buried it in the garden and erected a little Missions-Money-Stewardship monument. He thought many more Our Country's Possibilities people would read the inscription and Changes in the non-Christian that those who read it might be in- clined to try to do something similar, World so that the hen would still be helping Our Hospitals and Schools the London Missionary Society. The Bible a Missionary Book Program and Method of Our Church Missionary Exhibit REsuL'l's MRS. E. C. CRONK Membersl1ip increased in 8 mOllthB 'rhe honored editor of this departme11t 46% d"parted this life "to be with Christ" Local support increased 75% Benevolences increased 500% on :March 12th, (see editorial, page 245). The c.hurch crowdea. for special Katharine Scherer was born on July 14, serVIces The people informed as to the mis- ]877, at Marion, Virginia, and sixteen years sionary purpose, program and later was graduated from Marion College, responsibility of our church Enthusiasm aroused for all our of which her father was founder and presi- church work Leaders and workers developed dent. In May, 1895, she was married to Spiritual life of the church in- creased. Rev. E. C. Cronk and, with her husband, THE MISSIONARY HEN established the first Lutheran Church in In Gloucestershire, England, there Atlanta, Georgia. Later, when ilniteCroaltuumrebiia~ is a pretty old-fashioned g-arden aml South Carolina, as chairman of orchard, in Ol1e corner of which is a little tombstone. the United Synod of the South, 8he fouuded On it are these words: The Tidings, a missionary paper for chil- DECEMBER 21, 1869 dren. After the merger into the United Here lies Tidman's missionary hen, Lutheran Church in America, as superin· Her contributions four pounds, ten; Although she is dead the work goes on, tendent of children'8 work under the W()m- As she has left seven danghters and a son To carryon the work that she begun. ,en's Missionary Society, she organized So be it. "The Light Brigade," which now includes Long ago, there liyed a man called ne31'1y thirteen hundred groups of children Tidman in the village near-by. He longed to do something for the Lon- Illlrlm' twrh'c ;vpars of age. Her adclrssses at Humnler eonfcrC'nees and schools of mis- sions all oYer the United States, and her work for the R,EVIEW, for Everyland alHI Dntlwran W071utn'.• WO"k, and her leaflets have made her widely known and greatly honored. The book of missionary heroes, "Under Many Fial(s," written for children, in collaboration with Elsie Singmaster, and her volume of "Brave Ad"Venturers" hayp heen popular among boys and girls in all npnominations. Many gifts to mjssione have been the direct result of her influence alld numbers of young men and young women have been led by her to devote them- selves and their talents to the cause of Christ.-EDITOR.

Woman's Foreign Mission

EDITED BY MISS ELJ,, D. McL'AURIN, 419 FOURTH AVE., NEW YORK TWO NEW BOOKS ON CHINA world today. They are largely ques- With reference to the far~reaehing tions which must be prayed through developments in China in recent and settled by women. Because these months,. the following two books are problems are common to all women, most heartily recommended as con- the book is admirably fitted to become taining much information that will our first united study book for the aid in acquiring a better knowledge women of the world.

of the significance of recent events. The author of the book, Mary THE CHINA CHRISTIAN YEAR BOOK, Schaufller Platt, is known by her 1926. The largest American interests widely used textbook, "The Child in in China are the missions supported the Midst," and other books, "The by the American churches. This book Home With the Open Door," and describes the Christian movement in "The HeartWi:lih the Open Door."

China in 1926, and the political, edu- Mrs. Platt's experiences as a mission- cational, soeial, medical, industrial, ary in Persia and a teacher in the literary, and other movements in re- Kennedy School for Missions have lation to it. 549 pages, cloth cover, fitted her to understand as few could Price, $2.50. understand these problems. She is CHINA TODAY THROUGH CHINESE also able to make an excellent text- E,YES. Second Series, 1926. This is book not beyond the use of the ordi- a series of essays by seven Chinese nary women. The chapter headings writers on the Present Political Out- are as follows: look, the Industrial Situation and the Chaptef I. A Safe Way for the Children: Labor Movement, Intellectual Move- Chapter II. Child Welfare. ments, the New Culture Movement Chapter III. The Starting Point: The and Chrl"stIan EducatlO. n, Synthesis of Cultures of East and West, Pres- Christian Home. The Broader Outlook: Books and Pictures.

ent-Day Religious Thought and Life, Chapter VI. The Compass: Religious Edll· E:ducational Conditions, and Student Chapter V. cation. Life, the Needs of the Christian Move- Chapter VI. Companions of the Way: ment in China. 151 pages, paper Social Pl'ogress. cover. Price, $1.50. Unto the Perfect Day: World Wide Friendship.

Both of these books may be obtained The twenty-f<>ur balf-tone picture. are unby sending the price with order to ~I~~hI 7a5nc~ beautiful. Price paper oovers, 50c; 419 Fourth Avenue, New York City, "How to Use" is also ready. Mrs. after March ]5, 1927.

Charles H. Daniels has given us ad- "A STRAIGHT WAY TOWARD mirable suggestions for program mak- TOMORROW" ing, not only for the women's society, "A Straight Way Toward Tomor- but for the study class and church row, " a Foreign Mission textbook for schools of missions. Price 15c.

women, including young women, The Junior Textbook which is intensely practical, and touches the very heart of missionary "Please Stand By," by Margaret effort. Applegarth. The Juniors will have a In the chapters of this book we face grand and glorious time with their the most important questions for the new book. The radio furnishes chap- women of the chul'ehes of the whole ter titles, as follows; . 295

A REFUGEE MOTHER AND CHILD Chapter I . Mr. At las Listens In. simplest kind of picture stories which Chapter II. S. O. 8. they can r eally understand and read Chapter III. Please Stand By. for themselves. Junior leaders have Chapter IV. Broadcasting It. complained that there are so few t ext- Chapter V. Static Spoils the Bedtime books for the four-to-seven age. 'fhe demand for "Prayers for Little Chil- Stories. dren" led the author to begin a series Chapter VI. Signing Off. of stories for little children. The first two booklets, with lovely rose and The book would lend itself admir- blue covers and delightful pietures, ably to radio talks on Sunday after- are ready. Everyland Children Volnoons as well as to the groups of ume I, "Just Like You, " and V~lume Juniors and Sunday-school classes in II, "Taro and Ume, " J apanese the intermediate department. Miss Juniors. These may be used as two- Applegarth has written "Suggestions minute stories in primary classes with for Junior Leaders" to accompany the Juniors, and surely in the home her book. She will teach the book at where little children should get their Northfield this summer. Start the first happy impressions and acquaint- Juniors on this fascinating course. ance with other ehildl·en. " Just Like The book shows the great task of help- You" breaks down barriers at home ing to lift up the world-and boys and over-seas. Priee, leatherette and girls love to help lift. eovers, 25c; eloth, 50e.

For Little Children These are t he books sent out by the Central Committee to meet the needs We ask this year that you will r e- of Woman's Foreign ·Missionary 80member that these children in the primary class and younger groups are "little children." Give to them the

WOMAN '8 FOREIGN MISSION BULLETIN

cieties who ask something conerete, FINDINGS GALORE with a strong appeal for the modern woman who is "not interested" in The Findings of the Annual Meetforeign missions because she does not ing of the Federation of Woman's understand what they are doing for Boards of Foreign Missions of North the women of the world. America are now ready and can be had at 419 Fourth AVtn~le, New York, Only as all Christian women pray the new headquarters of the Federatogether, study together and work to- tion office, at the same rates as last gether through the children, can we year, $2.00 per hundred, $1.00 for hope for the new world. fifty copies or 50c for twenty-five copies. Before these Findings were MRS. HENRY W . PEABODY. off the press orders were coming in.

STUDENTS IN INDIA PRAY FOR CAUSE AND CURE OF WAR LAW ENFORCEMENT IN Weare now prepared to furnish these very significant Findings for AMERICA $1.00 per one hundred copies. We are most anxious that each group, in The following prayer for America church, state and region shall conis being offered each week in the sider these very far-reaching recom- Madras Union Christian College, In- mendations. Weare expecting that dia, showing how eagerly Christians the Report of this Conference will be in the Far East are watching the off the press in the very near future. temperance ·movement here: It will prove a storehouse of accurate information. "'Ye bes~ech. Thee to g~ant ,!"by strellgth to this natIOn III Its confhct WIth the evils of strong drink, that the resolve which has been nobly made may be nobly kept."

HOME SPUN IN INOlA EDITED BY FLORENCE E. QUINLAN, 156 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW YORK THE INQUIRING MoRMON LOOKS opponents, that it is impossible to US OVER crush the church. With a group of more than five By CLATON S. RlCE hundred thousand loyal members and The Mormon church is destined to many thousands more of almost as live for many, many years. Perhaps loyal adherents and apologists, with it will be in existence when the names its strength consolidated in sparsely of many better known churches of settled cities of the West, it exerts a today are forgotten. The decision power far beyond its numbers. Grow- that it should live was made by the ing at the rate of between twenty and mob which murdered Joseph Smith ;bwenty-:tiv~ thousatnd per year the at Carthage, Ill. Assurance that the Mormon church bids fair to capture church would flourish was given much of the inter-mountain West. when, after the death of the prophet, Brigham Young outgeneraled Sidney Yet all is not at rest inside the Rigdon and placed himself in power. Mormon church. The educated Mor- With a first class martyr around mon is realizing that many claims his whom to center loyalties, and with father made for the church are not grounded upon fact. He knows too a real statesman to direct it, any re- well that the Book of Mormon, the ligious organization composed large- Doctrines and Covenants, and the ly of plastic people can live almost Pea;rl of Great Price, are man-made indefinitely, in spite of several handi- books filled with errors. He apprecaps, theological and otherwise. ciates the fact that many claims made We cannot crush the Mormon by the prophet Joseph were not jus- church; many of us would not crush tified by fact. He looks at the unfor- it if we could. There are too many tunate Mountain Meadows massacre splendid contributions which have and the cold-bloocwd partnership of come from it in the past and which the church with the liquor interests may spring from it in the future to in the past, and today, at its close justify such action, were it within union with great money interests, and our power. The Mormon church as becomes restive. He begins to ques- a colonizer, as a conqueror of waste tion, too, whether the church is offer- places, as a demonstrator of a great ing the best in religion and in morals system of cooperation, as a producer to its people. He does what his fa- of a people who have learned to give ther dared not do: he places a great of their time, money and energy to question mark before his church, and the church and to philanthropic its claims, and then he begins to look causes nntil it hurts-these contribu- around.

tions we mnst recognize. and we Naturally the inquiring Mormon should appreciate. turns to us, the Protestant churches.

We could not crush the Mormon He decides to look us over. If he is church if we would. So firmly en- a student away from Mormonism he trenched is it in business, in the po- sees us as we are at home. If, as litical and in the social life of the is more likely, he is still in a Mormon inter-mountain country and of the community, he looks us over there, nation, so skilful in the use of ostra- and he makes most interesting dis- cism, boycott and many forms of coveries.

bribery, so trained in the satanic art If he goes into our churches of the of creating antagonisms among itR better class he is pleased with the 298 reverence displayed there in contrast people are trained m the first prin- with the lack of it in his own. The ciples of their religion from early well-ordered service appeals to him. childhood days and that there are He senses a spiritual message which comparatively few of them who can- is loftier than that to which he has not "give a reason for the faith that been accustomed. The hymns may is in them. " What is more, he knows strike him as more noble than -most that they make it a point to give this of those written by his own people. reason whenever opportunity offers If he is fortunate in the church he itself. In vivid contrast the Gentile visits, he will appreciate the splen- does not talk his religion, and gen- didly educated minister he listens to erally can not, even when forced to and the fact that, trained for his attempt it. This is a situation the task, he is doing one thing and that inquiring Mormon cannot under- only. stand. He assumes, logically enough, These discoveries are flattering to that the Gentile's ignorance of his us. But as he looks us over further, religion means that his religion is -this inquiring Mormon-he makes not vital to him.

other discoveries which are not so . This feeling is accentuated when flattering. As he becomes acquainted he discovers how little of permanent with us it seems to him that the loyalty to church most Gentiles pos- church does not play a vital part in sess. He knows that good Mormons the life of' the Protestant. He has are loyal to the last ditch. No one been accustomed to a church which can disparage their church without is all in all to his people. In every being called to account for it. Their activity of his life his church has loyalty goes so deep that often, he played its part. The life of his peo- knows, they go far beyond reason in- ple is a "church-centric" life. to fanatical action. But his Gentile He marvels as he discovers that the friend takes the church so lightly. He Gentile churchman he meets is will- puts it on and then puts it off as if ing to sacrifice very little for his it mattered little. He comes to Mor- church. He contrasts the Gentile who mondom and at first goes to church.

gives his church grUdgingly of his Then, as he discovers that it is easy, money and time with what he is ac- that it is the profitable action for customed to in his own organization, him, financially and socially, to les- a people who from the first have given sen his church activities, he lessens their tenth as a duty and many of them. A little threat of boycott sends whom in addition have poured out him scurrying to cover, his church money and service without stint, in loyalty left behind. Consistent pres- going on missions, in teaching, in sure through a long period of years preaching, and in social activities. is likely to destroy completely the Many of his people are ready to give loyalty of most Gentile churchmen in all they possess to the church, if nec- Mormondom, causing them, or at least essary. The Gentile he knows seems their children, to pass "into solu- more likely to attempt to hold all back tion."

from the church, all that he can hold The inquiring Mormon also ob- back. He marvels as he discovers serves with surprise the large num- how little the average Gentile is will- ber of Mormon apologists among the ing to sacrifice for his church. Gentiles of his acquaintance, men who Then, too, he feels that the church have, or who have had in the past, can not play a vital part in the life Protestant church connections. He of the average Gentile he meets, when realizes that their loyalties have gone.

he discovers his startling ignorance and he marvels. He can explain these of what his church stands for. As strange conditions, this unwillingness he questions him about his religion to sacrifice, this lack of knowledge of he finds that he can get very little what the church stands for, this poor out of him. He knows that his own loyalty to church, in only one way:

The Protestant church means little surroundings to challenge the inquirin the lives of most of its people. ing Mormon?

The inquiring Mormon is all too Yet how can we expect anything correct in many of his conclusions. else? What is the actual attitude of The church does not loom large in the Protestant church toward home the eyes of the average Gentile. Un- missions in general, and toward mistil it means more, until the inquiring sioniO in Mormondom in particular ¥ Mormon can find loyalties as great as his own among our people, how Let me give you my own experican we expect him to become vitally ence. On the last week in seminary, interested in what we are standing just before graduation, we were tellfor? ing one another where we planned to work. This was the reaction of sev- You must help us, you who live eral to the announcement that I outside of Mormondom. If you can planned to go to Utah: " Don't be send us consecrated, active, loyal a fool. What do you mean by bury- Christians, when you send emigrants ing yourself out there ? You, will to us, we can make such impressions never get anywhere. The home misupon the inquiring Mormon that he sion field is bad enough anywhere, will begin to revolutionize his own but a field in Utah is hopeless." church. But as it is, he is likely to turn away ~eeling that if church "A 'home mission field is bad means so little to the Gentiles he has enough anywhere!" Yes, to accept no reason to be interested. a home mission field today brands a minister a failure in the eyes of the My Mormon friend who is seeking great majority in the Church. "The more knowledge does not stop here, home mission field! Why no one goes however. If he has been disappointed there except men who can make good in many of the laity he feels that he nowhere else," I hear men say. may find something better in the ministry. He looks us over, thinking of The home mission field! The vast those high up in his own church at unconquered lands of the West where the same time. Mormons are primar- folks struggle fearfully hard in the ily a rural people. So my inquiring effort to wring a living out of the arid Mormon most often lives in a country soil! Great empires now in the town where he knows but one or two building, future granaries and paraministers. How seldom he comes up- dises, now filled with struggling, ofton one who challenges his thinking. en discouraged people, so many of And even in the city, how few have whom need the comfort of the Gosin mind his peculiar needs and preach pel. to reach him. More often than not be turns away disappointed. The home mission field! Here where the Church strives in a once A good man, the preacher is likely prosperous, now dying community, to to be, a zealous worker, a faithful bring the consolation of the Gospel servant, but how often, it Reems to of Christ to those who are left. The him, a man of mediocre ability, of home mission field! The body of most ordinary intelligence, one who Christ living in the teeming polyglot in comparison with the brightest in districts of the new frontier in the his own church makes a most nnfa- great cities. And home missionaries vorable showing. Preaclling to a branded as failures-branded as faildiscouraged, half-hearted group, ures because the challenge that stirred preaching primarily to them and for the soul of Jesus stirs their souls, them, hoping' against hopp that thl' Failures! And what man likes to be miraculous wiII take plaPl~, and, wllf'n called a failure, even if by accepting it does not, tJ'usting God that the the stigma he may do the Master's sPoed sown will spront some day- work? what is there in such a man or in such Some men too cultured, too refined to serve as Jeslls served! He went

927] WOMAN'S HOME MISSION BULLETIN 301·

into the outlying places first, J eru- but he discovers that it is difficult for salem last. Wasted talents? Never! them even to cooperate in matters of The best talents are needed 011 the common interest. Thi~ comes as a horne mission field. Privations too vast sbrprise to him in whose church great ~ II men are as soft fiR that "listen to counsel" and "cooperathey havll no business to be in the t ion" and "unity" arc cver-preRent ministry. slogans.

An apprenticeship of several years He marvels, too, when he knows that these various competing denomion the mission field, then a sabbati- nations have very much in common. cal year in the seminary on full pay, lIe can see little difference in them, and then the freedom to go where except in their names, as he listens desire leads and the call comes-all to their preachers. Forever competthat would mean to the men broader ing with one another and often irrisympathies, quickened hearts, greater tating each other, failing to cooperate with one another in the face of his appreciation of what the common man church, which, he knows, is recogfaces. Really, it might do our future nized by each one of them as a comnational home mission secretaries no mon foe, he is inclined to think that vital harm to have a few years' ex- the Gentile churchmen are very foolperience on the mission field! And ish men. It is a wonder if he does he who in the future is to occupy a not tUrn from us in disgU"t, makirig large city church would be a better no further effort to know liB. man because of his horne mission experience. The .inquiring Mormon looks us We must link a mission experience over. He marveis at what he sees with the life of every young minister and at what he hears. But he will from our seminaries. N otking less likely return to his own church, althan the creation of a sentiment in though there are some things he does the Church that in the days of his not appreciate in it. After looking strength and youth every theological at the mournful spectacle 'of a Protgraduate must serve apprenticeship estantism in which church seems to en some mission field before he is mean little, a Protestantism poorly eligible to accept self-supporting manned and wholly disunited, he is inclined to say, "Well, after all, we work will do. And what it would are better off than they. I believe mean to the mission fields! Four or I will stick by the old church." I five or six years out of the lives of don't blame him much, brought up as he has been brought up. But if the best men the Church turns out, you will help us, you at the horne for missions! base, we will develop loyalties and a ministry and a unity which will chal- When the Church is Christian lenge him, my inquiring Mormon enough to create such a sentiment, friend. demanding a mission experience before a man can serve a self-support- EASTER ing church, then we shall have a class of men on our mission fields who will Sing, soul of mine, this day of days. challenge all men and my inquiring The Lord is risen. Mormon friend in particular. Toward the sunrising set thy face. Proper church equipment will corne The Lord is risen. with the men. We need not worry about that. l3ehold He giveth strength and grace; Por darkuess, light; for mourning, praise; As my inquiring Mormon friend For sin, Ris holiness; for conflict, peace. looks us over, both ministry and laity, Adse, 0 soul, this Easter Day! he discovers another curious phenome- Forget the tomb of yesterday, non. He sees that the Christian non- For thou from bondage art set free; Mormon church is broken up into Thou sharest in His victory small bands of competing, often hos- And life eternal is for thee, tile groups. Not only does he discern Because the Lord is risen. a lack of unity among these groups, -Seleoted.

FROM MANY

INDIA AND SIAM. been devolved upon them. That dis- Some Indian Philanthropists appointment has been expressed in various ways in recent months and no EMPHASIZING in an article in the missionary could have sat through indian Witness the importance long discussions on this subject as we of Christian effort by Indians them- have done without being deeply imselves, Rev. E. Stanley Jones, D.D. pressed by the sincerity and fervor gives the following instances of such of the Indian leaders who take up this activity: position. . . Over against these frank expressions of disappointment "In Bangalore I dedicated a home by Indian Christian leaders, which for the beggars of the city. An Indian Christian doctor, a private prac- we cannot but regard as clear and entitioner, became burdened in regard couraging signs of the working of the to the condition of the beggars of Bangalore. Without any backing Indian Christian conscience as it save that of his own faith and- prayer, honestly faces things at their worst, he set up a little home where they we have to remember that there are were given shelter and taught work. other testimonies of at least equal Other people were so inspirea by what weight."

he was doing that they have con- tributed about $6,500, and it is the Hind.a Regard £or Animal Life most complete home for the poor I AMID all that is being said about the have ever seen in India. He evangelizes them as well as helps them to .tl. larger place given to Christian get back on their feet and in a respectable occupation. In Poona an principles in the life of India today, Indian Christian government prosecu- such incidents as the following remind us of the hold which the tenets of tor has the best Christian work in the Hinduism have even upon the educated villages that I h a v e ever seen. classes. The first, quoted from Time, Through his own efforts, raising the reads: "The late Seth BUddhimal, money in India, he is putting up wealthy and pious banker of Sihora, buildings worth about $50,000 as a Central India, has left $100,000 to school and community center." build and endow in perpetuity three rest houses into which insects may Another Side of Devolution withdraw from the world. Poor trav- elers will be allowed to sleep overnight I N AN editorial discussing the prog- in these bug rest houses, will even be ress which has been made in turn- paid a small sum for doing so, as long over responsibility to the Indian as they lie still and kill no bugs.

Church, the Dnyanodaya says: ShoUld a sleeper kill a bug, even by "Something like a crisis arises from accidentally rolling over, he will be the deep disappointment prevailing ejected from the bug house by attend- among a number of Indian Christian ants and forfeit his sleep money. No leaders concerning what they feel to less than 200 insect rest houses of a be the complete inability of the In- more or less similar nature are main- dian Church to raise the large tained throughout India by pious amounts which would be required natives who realize that no bug is too every year to place on a basis of self- insignificant to contain the reincar- support the mission work which has nated soul of an ancestor."

302 The other item, given in the United We who spend our time in institutions talk- Presbyterian, states that a Hindu millionaire of the Jain sect, which con- ing to those who have come u~der Western siders it a sin to take any life, is experimenting on a large scale in rear- influences forget that such thmgs are, and ing dogs upon vegetable diet, with t.he hope of weaning them from the m- that still the great majority of the p~ple stinct to kill or eat any animal. of the soil live in a mental and splrItual jungle. Preaching and argument has to be aolflegthoery,simanpldest~neabofeuenldsintgheinthprairllabolef and the bearer of good news.

Drinking in the Good News Bible Needs No Expurgating DESCRIBING an itinerating tour AlV[ElV[BER of the Ceylon and In- from Bangalore, Rev. Edward E. dia General Mission reports that as the native workers were preaching Garland, of the Ceylon and India at a Hindu mela, "a Saivite priest General Mission, writes: asked them for a copy of each of the four gospels. They at once asked him "In the villages that we visited during the tour, the people l!stened why, and he told them t.hat for .some with almost bated breath, so dIfferent time several young men m the vlllage from the Gospel-hardened villagers had been coming to him for instrucin the immediate vicinity of Banga- tion along moral and ethical lines. l,oCrhe~istwihanoityh,a'veso-sceaelnledt,ooammouncgh of the He had not been able to give them officers and people of Bangalore. One copies of the Hindu sacred books, but afternoon we visited the weekly mar- had to expurgate the books carefully ket in Sulabele. The market was and even then had not found in them nearly demoralized, as practically what he wanted to give these young everyone crowded around the mi~­ sionaries and workers to hear theIr men. For example, Krishna, one of message. It was truly blessed to watch their faces and to see how they the incarnations of Vishnu, and one of the most popular gods in India, lived a most notoriously wicked and drank it in! That evening, after din- vicious life, and in one of the Puranas ner we gave a lantern lecture in the the readers are warned that he was large enclosed court of the police .sta- a god and that they should not attion. Although there was no prevIOus tempt' to do all that he did! Such announcement made, a large crowd things as these had to be left out of gathered as soon as they heard my the Hindu books, and there wasn't poor attempts· on the bugle, and one could have heard a· pin drop as Mr. much left after that. This guru had Silsbee explained the different pic- seen a copy of the Gospels, and knew them to be of a sort that could be tures of the Lord's birth, life, death, given freely to anyone just as they and resurrection. This day and the asroe~eanindfltuheantcteh. eyWwhoautlda have a wholesucceeding ones, were the happiest, I testimony to believe, in my life." the Word of God given by an unbe- liever! "

"Hinduism. at Xt. Crudest" "AlmoRt Persuaded" in Benares E NGLISH Baptists are at work ~n A SKING for special prayer on the Orissa, a native tributary state m part of Christians in the United southeastern India, Rev. H. W. Pike States, W. K. Norton writes as folwrites "I have little doubt that even lows in the magazine published by the now there are hundreds of villages Moody Bible Institute: "Benares which have never been visited by a contains one of the most famous and preacher," and says of the people met sacred temples in all India. The head in a recent evangelistic tour: priest of this temple has an only son who has been trained to take his fa- Worldng like this in the village~ of t.he ther's place. But this young man has interior one comes face to face wIth Hm- heard of Christianity, and has secretly duism at its crudest-and with human ignorance and superstition in its darkest form.

read the New Testament. The result To 'follow the teachings of Jesus beis he believes on Christ and wishes to cause that is the only way to save become a Christian. But he is very China.' None of us foreigners saw much afraid of his father, and he says or heard his speech before he gave it, he would truly be killed if his rela- and the Chinese teachers did not tell tives knew he was thinking of becom- or advise him what to say." ing a Christian. This young man has secretly come to me asking questions Time Well Spent as a Captive about Christ and wants more advice. Of course I have advised him to come NEAR Kaiehek, on the island of out boldly and be baptized; but at Hainan, a Christian woman out present he fears to do this; There are in the country was kidnapped, and dea number of other earnest inquirers tained by the bandits for two and a from the better class of Hindus and half months. Miss Katherine L. Mohammedans, who, knowing what a Schaeffer writes of her; ''"Earnest great price they will have to pay, still prayer was offered up on her behalf. hesitate to take the final step." The prayers offered were answered. Many captives are made to suffer CHINA severe torture, but she returned home safe and well and reported that she A Chinese Sees a Miracle had not been tortured and that after the first two weeks she was able to R EV. F. A. BROWN, Southern prevail upon her captor not to lock Presbyterian missionary in Soo- her feet in stocks at night. The comchow, Kia n g s u Province, China, pany moved from place to place and writes: "I overheard a Chinese elder latterly she was kept in a home where talking to his people in this fashion: the housewife was really kind to her. 'Don't talk to me about miracles. I Wherever she went she let people have seen one. When I think of all know she was a Christian. She had this money for our schools and hos- no books with her, but her mind was pitals and churches coming so regu- stored with hymns and Scripture larly year after year, and all given verses which she knew well how to by friends ten thousand miles across use. When she returned after ten the sea who have never even seen our weeks of captivity, it was found she faces, such love to me is a mighty mir- had kept her reckoning of Sundays acle. I never saw anything like it.' correctly.' ' This elder is a gifted teacher, and has a rare faculty for holding the atten- A Chlne.se Elder's Tithe tion of boys and girls and of organizing them into classes." A SERMON on tithing was preached in a certain Chinese church by A Boy's Ideals of Citizenship an elder of whom Rev. Robert Gillies writes: "His personality was an un- FROM Kaying, South China, fa iIi n g inspiration. Spare, bald, "where it takes real courage to be erect, he carried his seventy odd years a Ohristian," Mrs. J. H. Giffin, an with modest dignity, and his voice, American Baptist missionary, writes though thin, was fatherly." In conthat more than two thirds of the stu· clusion the elder said: dents in the boys' senior high school are church members. At the Com- I have been a Christian nearly forty mencement exercises, she says, "one years. You will suffer a personal testimony of the brightest seniors gave a speech from me, for there are those present who in English in which he said that three can bear witness. As an opium wreck I things were necessary to make good came to Christ. My farm was wasting and citizens: 1. Learning, for many errors my ragged clothes and possessions would in living and government are caused not have fetched half a dollar in the market by ignorance. 2. To 'study the teach- on fair day. Since I understood this morn· ings of Jesus for they are right.' 3. ing's text, the Lord has blessed me aecord· ing to His prorniBe. One year I gave ten dollars to the Church, and feared that J

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

might miss it at the year-end settlement_ have their own schools, the one at But no! God is faithfuL This year, Iny Salowu, the main station, going up tenth in the summer was $250, and in the to "higher primary" and those at the autumn $350-$600 this year to the Chureh outstations being more elementary. in alL The teachers are tribesmen who have graduated from the mission school Chinese Studying Economics at Sapushan_ T HE popularity of the Depart- A Cantonese at Boone University ments of Sociology and Political Science in Yenching University, Pe- W HAT is described by an Ameriking, is very marked_ Neither of these can Episcopal missionary as departments, however, draws so large " one of several pleasant miracles a number of students as that of Eco- about the siege and fall of Wuchang" nomics_ Commenting on this situa- had its beginning many years ago tion, the Princeton-Peking Gazette when a Oantonese boy came to Boone says: "Remembering the excessive University determined to learn Engemphasis in Chinese education on lish and Mandarin, and equally deterclassical literature and memoriter mined not to be a Christian. After two methods of study, it is striking to ob- years he awoke one morning to realize serve the emphasis which is 1OW be- that he wanted to be a Christian, and ing placed upon such subjects as eco- he became one of the leading Ohrisnomics, politics, and sociology and tian representatives of Boone, so much especially when these subjects are so that he was elected to take charge taught with a strong practical bear- of Oentral Ohina University in Bishop ing_ It is equally gratifying to ob- Gilman's absence, long before anyone serve that the Chinese point of view thought of the Cantonese army comis being stressed_ Among a list of ing to Wuchang. Consequently when courses to be offered by our Depart- the city fell, and the officers in comment of Sociology during the next mand came to the university, they two years are found the following: found the man in charge was a Oan- Ohinese F'olkways; Social Ideas of tonese, speaking their language and Oonfucius and His School; Collective in every way understanding tlLem. Behavior and Ohinese Group Psychology; Ohinese Social Democratic Over 1,000 Meetings in a Year Movements_ "

Aborigines of China AN ILLUSTRATION of the suc- cessful missionary work still be- I T IS estimated that nearly half the ing done in those parts of China population of the south-western where fighting is not going on is seen provinces of China-Yunnan, Kweichow and Kwangsi-is made up of in the following statement by A. R non-Ohinese aborigines_ The successful work that has been done bv two- Saunders, of the China Inland Mis- British societies among one of· these sion, who has been nearly forty years tribes, the Miao, is known in mission- in China. Though blind, he has conary circles. The China Inland Mis- tinued ardently to preach the GospeL sion is also at work among the Nosu He is engaged in a special effort to people, who are spirit-worshippers. reach one million people living in an area in North Kiangsu intersected by About 750 persons have been bap- canals, and much of the work is cartized altogether. There are now five ried on by the use of small houseoutstations, and, in each, the be- boats_ He says: "The present-year lievers have put up a building with opportunities for gospel preaching their own hands, having bought the materials with their own money. It have been almost unprecedented. The serves the double purpose of church anticipated average of one thousand and day-school. For the Nosu now gospel meetings a year in the Yang.

5 chow Oentral Gospel Hall has been more than realized, for beside the

three meetings a day for men it has Little Miss Tokugawa, granddaughter of also been possible to have the special Prince Tokugawa, accepted" Miss America" door for women open every day. from Betty Ballantine, seven·year·old daugh- Wherever our gospel boats have gone te,r of the American Consul General. Then among the 'thousand islands' the forty-eight children from the American audiences have been large and at- school handed forty-eight dollS, each repretentive to the message." senting a state, to a similar number of Japanese girls chosen chiefly from the Peer- Sermon for Manchurian Troops esses's School. The American children sang American songs and the Japanese children MISSIONARIES and Chinese responded with a doll song in Japanese. Christians have often been invited to preach to Marshal Feng's "The Second Mile Club" army or to certain of its divisions. But the first invitation of the sort, T HIS is the name chosen by the so far as known, to come from the graduates of thekindergarten which llrmy of Chang Tso Lin, the Man- has been conducted in Akita, Japan, churian general, was that received by by the Christian Church (Disciples) Rev. Walter W. Davis, a Methodist for the past twenty years. Miss Lois missionary in Peking. He says of it: Lehman writes of the organization: "There was a Manchurian cavalry "The name itself is an inspiration to regiment stationed in Sengjun, the all those who have left the kindercolonel of which had been a Christian garten and are on their second mile ever since he was a small boy. He of life, with the light of Jesus Christ called on our Chinese preacher, whose -as depicted in their emblem with a chapel was just across the street from star-to guide their way. During his headquarters and asked for some- these twenty years there have been one to preach to his men. I was on over six hundred graduates, many of vacation sixteen hours away, but I whom show their appreciation for the hastened to fill the appointment. I blessings that have come to them had the privilege of speaking to sev- through their kindergarten Alma en hundred of his men and officers, as Jfater. A foundation fund was well.Jls a large number of the towns- started five years ago by the graduates people in the public square. That and it is the hope of both parents and was on a Saturday and the following graduates that through its aid the day a large number of them came to kindergarten will be able to serve and our chapel for the regular service." guide, even in a more efficient way, in the years to come many souls along the first and second miles."

JAPAN-KOREA Japanese Attend Tent Meetings Ameriean Dolls Reach Japan REV. GORDON K. CHAPMAN, of Asahigawa, Japan, tells of a AWIRELESS message from Tokyo three weeks' series of tent meetings on March 3rd described the pres- in two large country towns, where, entation of the dolls sent by Ameri- he says, from 200 to 250 people atcan children for the Japanese annual tended the evening services, and as dolls' festival on that date. This plan, many children the daily afternoon promoted by the Committee on World services. "In one place," he reports, Friendship among Children, met with "the Buddhists became very excited an enthusiastic response all over the and the priests got the town authori- United States, and 11,000 dolls were ties to promise to order the tent taken sent. The Japanese Foreign Minister down. But we prayed over the matand the Minister of Education, Am- ter and then flatly refused to remove bassador MacVeagh, Viscount Shibu- it, for we had the promise of the land sawa and other prominent persons for ten days. Defeated in this atwere present, but the leading parts tempt, the priests called at every were left to the children. The cere- house in town and threatened the mony is thus described·:

NEWS FROM MJANY LANDS

people with all sorts of dire calami- eluding a nurses' training school with ties if they went to the meetings. But a foreign nurse at its head. We also they went just the same, in spite of have two academies, one for boys and the rain which flooded our tent on one for girls." two nights." Fruits of Hospital Evangelism A Japanese MUI COlllpound K IM YUNG SUN brought his wife to the mission hospital in Taiku, I N THE silk mills of Kofu, Japan, Korea, for an operation. During her "all the matrons are men," to convalescence he sought to while away quote one of the managers of the milL time in the waiting room. Here the " And since these dormitories· of evangelist greeted him most cordially which the matrons are men are occu- and he repeatedly heard the gospel pied by young girls, the situation" story. One month later Mr. and Mrs. says Miss Frances Garside, "is not Kim departed for their home, rejoicof the best. The girls work twelve ing in their newly-found Saviour and hours a day all the year around, in- carrying a Bible in hand for further creasing the time to fourteen hours light. After four years they again in the summer when farmers are appear at the Taiku hospital, this bringing in the cocoons……. The time for some minor ailment. Mr. dormitories and mills are under the Kim eagerly seeks out the evangelist, same roof. Some four thousand peo- to report that after his previous visit ple live in .this compound, and the to the hospital he went home to conchildren of these families became so vert his relatives and friends. As a unruly that the management of the mill ask the Y. W. C. A. to start a result of his efforts there is now a Sunday-school for them. This was flourishing little church of thirty done, opening with a membership of members in the small country village one hundred and thirty pupils, with thirty-five miles away and Mr. Kim an average attendance of over eighty. is their proud and happy deacon. This Sunday-school had had such a marked effect upon the children that WOlllen in the Korean Church the management of the mill increased the size of the room in which it was I N KOREA this year .for the first held, by knocking out a wall." . time women were delegates to the Presbyterian General Assembly. Sev- CJ>anges after Thirty Years en women were elected as official mem- bers of the Assembly, representing REV. EDWARD ADAMS, whose the women's missionary societies of father was the first missionary Korea, and sat on the foreign misto settle in Taiku, Korea, writes as sions committee. The women were follows of the work being done there chosen from the seven societies which by the American Presbyterian Mis- had done the best work. Of such sosion: "Thirty years ago there wasn't cieties Miss Martha Switzer says: a Christian in this town or the neigh- "There is high purpose, for the memboring country; Today in Taiku alone bers, knowing God's grace, wish there are two large churches number- others to have a like experience; and, ing about a thousand and four other perhaps most wonderful of all, from churches of varying strength. Out the a bundance of poverty there is in the country we have about 275 systematic giving to the foreign misplaces where there are groups of peo- sionary work which the Korean ple meeting regularly in the name of Church is carrying on. " Christ, most of whom have their own little building that they call their A Methodist missionary writes: church. In addition, our station runs a big hospital, employing two foreign Today many women serve as dea~onesses doctors and two native doctors, in- and Bible Women in the ehUl'Ghes aJ).d meet with the men in diseussingiveigl-ty matters of church aWninistration…Whereas a ;few

years ago the only audience to listen to her to help me dlg the grave. When all is ready words of wisdom were a few relatives or I again speak to these people. I tell them friends in her own home, now the Korean we bury only the body: the spirit has gone woman teaches a Bible class in connection to .Teeus. I tell them of heaven, the pilUle with a Sunday·school or a Bible class for that Jesus has prepared. I ask them to get women at some large Bible institute. ready for heaven. We then .sing and ,~ pray, "Our Father who art III heaven. ISLANDS OF THE SEAS When we fill in the grave I put a smaH bark cross at the head. These people, they Church Union in the Philippines promise me not to fight and be cruel. They want to hear more about .Tesus. REV. FRANK J. WOODWARD, Congregational missionary in Baptisms in Paton's Field Oroquieta, on the island of Mindanao in the Philippine Islands, writes to REV. MAURICE FRATER, at the Missionary Herald: "We have work in the field in the New just concluded a special meeting of Hebrides to which John G. Paton our Northern Mindanao Presbytery, went sixty.nine years ago, writes of one of the best meetings ever held, the baptism on the island of Paama both in its size and general representa· of twenty-nine natives, some of whom tion of the churches. In accord with had been won from heathenism the action taken the name presbytery through the instrumentality of native has been cast off, for the Presbytery evangelists. "The converts were of adopted unanimously the Constitu· all ages, " he says, "from· fifteen years tion of the United Churches of Christ upward. As they kneeled to take the in the Philippines. In so doing we baptismal vow of allegiance to Christ join with the United Brethren and and consecration to His service, we the Presbyterians, and all three could not but be impressed with the bodies adopt common names for the striking differences the converts predifferent governing bodies in the new sented. The younger adherents, Union. It is right that all our Prot- though reared in a savage environestant denominations should get clos· ment, had the freshness and enthusier together for the sake of presenting asm of new disciples, and they a closer front to the enemy, for if brought to Christ the loyalty and love there is a criticism that we out here of undivided hearts. But the faces in the Philippines hear more frequent- of the older converts bore unmistakly than any other, it is that we Prot· able signs of the depraved form of estants are hopelessly divided amongst heathenism in which their lives had ourselves. A program pointing to- been spent. Still, it was no uncomward ultimate self-support for all our mon victory for the messengers of congregations was adopted unani- the Gospel to be the instruments of mously." turning those savages, all of cannibal ancestry, from the evil of their old Buried "the Jesus Way" ways, and to get them to embark on an entirely new mode of life, with T HE Methodist Missionary Society Jesus Christ as Pilot." of Australasia tells the story of an aboriginal lad, who had attended NORTH AMERICA its mission school on the island of Goulburn, in the South Seas. Re· Jewish Girls Accepting Christ turning from a tour in which he had taken the Gospel to the people of his T HE Department of Jewish Evanown tribe, "twenty miles across the gelization of the Board of Nawater" he told as follows of the death tional Missions of the Presbyterian of a 'woman who had accepted his Church in the U. S. A. furnishes inmessage: teresting news items from its various centers. Two of these are: "In the After she died I asked these people not to Baltimore prayer circle we were dis- put her body in the tree, but to bury it cussing the coming of the Lord for .Tesus' way. I then give them my blanket His own, when one of our little girls to wrap around the body, and I get boys

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

exclaimed, 'Oh, I hope my mother day. Mr. Harmon offers $4,000 in is a real believer.' There seemed to recognition of outstanding accombe no doubt in her mind as to her plishments among colored people. own salvation. This is a common oc- Seven first awards of $400 with gold currence in this prayer circle when medals and the same number of secthe girls not only pray for the ac- ond awards of $100 with bronze tivities of the Center and all Jewish medals will be given in the fields of Centers, but also for their parents literature, music, fine arts, business and friends ……. Two high school including industry, science including girls in Chicago for whose salvation invention, education and religious many have been praying for a long service. Both white and colored pertime, have been holding off. Great sons are eligible for an eighth award was our joy when just a few weeks of $500 with a gold medal which will ago they accepted Him who is so be given to the indiviual making the precious to us." most distinctive contribution during the year to the betterment of relations Indian Christian Leaders between the two races. As no music award was made in 1926, the fund in MOST people think of the United this field may be used this YElar, should States as so nearly evangelized the judges decide contributions merit that they could hardly conceive of such recognition. Five judges, perany group of people here today hear- sons of recognized' standing in the ing the Gospel for the first time from type of work to be passed upon, will a member of their own race. Yet consider nominations and applications this is the story told by Rev. J. D. in each field of award. At least one Simons of Dulce, N. M., where the of the judges in each field will be a Reformed Church in America car- Negro. ries on both church and school work: "The greatest joy came in the four Schooling for Southern N,egroes young men who brought messages to their own people. It was the first A FTER quoting statistics which time for the Gospel to fall from the show that, until very recently, lips of a Jicarilla Apache. One of though there are one third as many these young men, the nrst to speak, Negroes in the sixteen southern states prefaced his fine address with an as whites, only one tenth of the investearnest prayer; how wisely he anticipated the divine grace needed to stand ment in school property_ has been used where none of his people had ever for them, The Christian Educator stood! That address was the opening says: of a new door-a larger door in the work of our mission here. How it "It should be noted, however, that thrilled our hearts! One could see the South at this time is bravely facthat strange thoughts were passing ing the educational needs of the Nethrough the minds of the old leaders gro, as well as the whites, and marked of heathen ceremonies, as these young advance is noted in each of the states men were introduced as the only real and the district. More money is beleaders there people had ever had." ing expended for the education of the Negro than ever. High schools Harmon Foundation's 1927 Awards are being erected and the school terms lengthened, large appropriations are NEGROES in this country are giv- being made to the state institutions en another incentive to creative for Negro education, and the State work in music, fine arts, the sciences, is looking to the denominational business organization and religious schools to furnish teachers for the work through the second series of the rapidly expanding public-school edu- William E. Harmon Awards which cation of the Negro. In each state were announced on Lincoln's Birth- there is now a Department of Negro Education, urban and rural. These

departments, are pushing the educa- few English-speaking people are left.

tion of the Negro as rapidly as pos- The permits were issued under a law sible, so that while the situation shows adopted at the last session of Con- tremendous needs and inadequate gress modifying the religious regula- provision for the Negro, the trend in tions so as to permit the non-Spanish the South is onward, looking to the speaking foreign colonies to have a education of'all its citizens, white and limited number of ministers in their black. " churches for six years. The law pro- vides that ministers so permitted to Union Church for Mexicans function must prepare native Mexi- T HE Council of Churches in Wich- cans to succeed them at the end of the ita, Kansas, has recently erected six-year period. a fine new building for the union Mexican evangelical church in that city. Under the Calles Regime A About seventy congregations of fif- FTER a recent visit to Mexico, Mrs. Margaret Ernst contributed teen denominations joined in raising the money and the building was dedi- to The Churchman an article from cated free from debt. As one of the which the following is quoted: "Un- speakers at the dedication services der the Calles Department of Educa- pointed out, "this church bears no tion 3,000 rural schools run by the title that .would indicate the impress Federal Government opened their of anyone denomination, but a united patio gates last year to children who Protestantism functioning through formerly could neither read nor write, this cOllll'cil has caught the vision of working in the mills or picking coffee- the sociaJ, 'spiritual and educational berries on the plantations. Next year needs of a colony of Mexican immi- the department promises there will grants within its bounds and has gone be 5,000 of these schools. The educaabout the business of meeting this tional program last year cost 22,000,- need in a practical and sensible way. 000 pesos and included in its activi- The result is a house not only fitted ties newly equipped industrial for the strictly religious services of schools; four free art schools in the the congregation, but planned with a open air; " cultural-missions"-a view to meeting the social and recrea- sort of traveling faculty, visiting out- tional neetis, of the colony as well as to lying districts and giving intensive providing for a religious educational courses to farming folk; night schools program." for adult workers; and health work in all types of schools. The Church, LATIN AMERICA formerly the only practical Depart- Mexico Permits Foreign Clergy ment of Education, made few efforts ASIX-YEARi respite has been to teach these scattered and inarticu- granted by the Mexican Govern- late people. It built cathedrals with ment for the relief of foreigners who gold altars-not schools."

may desire services in their own language, for conducting which they "The Privilege of Being Arrested"

A have no available Mexican clergy. BRAZILIAN colporteur of the Under that provision services have American Bible Society sent in been resumed in Christ Church Ca- to Dr. H. C. Tucker, Secretary of the thedral, where the Bishop, the Dean, Brazil Agency, a report which, trans- and Archdeacon Watson are now lated, reads as follows: "I had the regularly officiating, having been reg- high privilege of being arrested for istered according to the new regula- seHring Scriptures in the suburban tions. The English work at Pachuca trains of the Central Railroad, and and Tampico also has been resumed, was taken before the agent by the but the business depression has hurt guards who made their accusation.

both missions to such an extent that I then asked permission of the agent

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

to speak for a few minutes. After tination. But several weeks ago, at I had made explanations, he handed the boys' weekly prayer-meeting, Jose me back the books and dismissed the attended, and as we were kneeling in case. I then made him and his as- prayer, he unfalteringly expressed sistants presents of copies of the little his faith in Jesus as his Saviour. And gospels, for which they thanked me. then, what greatly impressed me, he . . . .. . I have been able by the bkss- proceeded to pray for his unsaved iug of God to place copies of the father, mother, sisters and brothers.

Word in the hands of many-in one After the prayer-meeting, the other Christian boys present gave Jose a month 3,5!!5 copies."

warm hand-clasp and an embrace, Racial Groups in Guiana thus welcoming him into their midst T HE varied elements in the popu- as a brother in Christ." lation of British Guiana are described by a resident of that country, Inca Indians of Peru T who says of the Negroes: HE Evangelical Union of South "'1'he Gospel and the Church America is carrying on a many- lighted and led them out of slavery; sided work among these people, of and they are grateful and love both." whom Christine L. Tinling says in the The Chinese first came in 1851 to . London Christian: "The present In- work on the sugar estates. A few do dians of Peru are the pitiful remnant so now. Many have risen to high of the noble Inca race. They are ille positions in the colony as merchants treated and down-trodden. In many and are much respected. All are cases they are virtual slaves and are Christians, the majority Anglican. bought and sold along with the land There are also some 9,000 Portuguese, and the beasts upon it. As for those who first came as laborers in 1835: who are nominally free and have their practically all of these are Roman little holdings, they find that their Catholics. The East Indians, who Peruvian over-lords can take the very likewise came as laborers from 1837 soil from beneath their feet by legal onwards, number 120,000. Ninety- processes of whose meaning they have two per cent are Mohammedan or not the faintest idea. Besides all this, Hindu and only about tim per cent it is their every-day experience to be are Christians. Here is an immense treated by the white men as though field for missionary work. There is they were brutes, destitute of mind pioneer work still to be done among and soul. The old religion of the In- the Indians in the far interior. cas was an elevated form of pagan- ism, but under the rule of the Roman Bolivian Boy Accepts C,hrist Church they have been known to ac- A GRADUATE of the National knowledge having' forty gods, count- Bible Institute in New York City ing the broken ones.' "

writes from Torotoro, Bolivia: "It has been a great source of joy to us with- AU Saint.' Day Celebrations T in the past few months to behold how WO missionaries, one in Argen- tina, the other in Bolivia, have the Spirit is working in the lives of a number of young people here in recently described the way in which Torotoro. Jose, a tall, rather shy All Saints' Day is observed in their young :fellow of about nineteen years respective fields. The first writes: of age, had for a long time shown an "Multitudes flock to the cemeteries, interest in the Gospel. He, however, bearing gaudy colored paper wreaths seemed to lack the courage. to confess and flowers, beside natural flowers, his faith. No doubt the fact that his the latter wilted and draggled with mother and two of his sisters are so the heat and dust. Imagine the blaz- opposed to the Evangelistas has had ing and sputtering of thousands of something to do with Jose's procras- candles under an almost vertical sun

registering 104 degrees in the shade; Szitovsky, Minister of the Interior then the roll and mutter of prayers for Hungary. Profane language is unintelligible as they are gabbled punishable by a maximum fine of $15 away except as now and again a or a fortnight in jail. Accosting and phrase separates from the rest." The molesting respectable women on the Bolivian missionary tells of the drunk- street and other infractions of public enness and lewdness connected with morality are similarly punished. As the day, and writes: "Tables are set a first step in the enforcement of the up in the cemetery loaded with can- new laws, girls. in the most fashion- dIes, cakes and sweetmeats, with great able high school of Budapest who jars of native beer conveniently un- were wearing short skirts, flesh-colderneatb. After kneeling and mum- ored stockings or using rouge were bling prayers for the dead, the sent home to lengthen their dresses, 'devout' one takes his pay in food to change to dark stockings and to and drink, then moves on to repeat remove tbeir cosmetics. The police this performance at the next table are ordered to exercise a strong cenfor more cakes and chicha, You can sorship over immorality in the theatre, imagine the state of drunkenness aft- vaudeville and the fine arts.

er they have been the rounds of the cemetery. ' , Refugees Farming in Greece EUROPE T HE immigration into Greece in Union Service in Switzerland 1923 of about 1,400,000 refugees, nearly thirty per cent of the total T HE cathedral in Lausanne, Swit- zerland, a famous medieval build- population of the country at that time, has had far-reaching effects, Charles ing, was the scene on December 12th P. Howland, former chairman of the of a united service in which Old Cath- Greek Refugee Settlement Commis- olic, Greek, Russian, and Anglican sion, and now president of the board 'priests, the Bishop of Fulham, seven of trustees of the new Athens College, Swiss pastors, a Salvation Army of- writes in Near East: "It has been ticer, and a Scottish Presbyterian min- the policy of the Commission from ister took part. The procession was the beginning, in close cooperation impressive as it wended its way up with the Hellenic Government, to give the aisle of the old cathedral; more the preference for establishment to impressive still was the singing of the the farming refugees as being on the old Christian hymns, the Adeste whole far more productive than the Fideles in Latin, and others in Eng- urban commercial classes and there- lish, French, and German. Prayers fore promising much greater support were offered and passages of Scripture in the future for the economic, social read in French, German, and Eng- and political life of Greece……. The lish. Addresses were given in French Commission has established a total of and English, the latter by the Bishop 147,249 families-approximately 687,- of Fulham. After this the procession 000 people."

moved to the sanctuary where the Young Russian Criminals Lord'g Prayer was said, tirst by the UNDER the' caption, "Russia '80 two Orthodox priests in Greek and in Wild Waifs," the April, 1926 Russian, then by the others in English Review described the appalling con- dition of thousands of children in Rusand French. The tinal blessing was given in French and in English.

Hungarian Laws of Conduct sia. Matters have not changed much during tJ:e year, according to an V ARIOUS regulations, said to be article by Lady Muriel Paget in a modeled on those of the Italian London newspaper, which speaks of Fascisti, were officially announced in 300,000 homeless orphans. The pre- Budapest late in February by M. valence of the drug habit among chil-

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

dren is due to the proeess of Assiut College. It was a most inspir- demoralization brought about by their ing day. Seventy-one young people being thrust upon the streets to fend united with the church. These had for themselves. Some of the young been carefully chosen from larger people of this dass are said to have groups of applicants. All had been been homeless for as long as seven for five weeks in special classes pre- years-taking refuge in the stations, paratory to this event. On the Sab- in, asphalt-boilers, on doorsteps, in bath following we held our annual refuse boxes, etc., and learning to Sabbath-school rally. It was surpris- steal in consequenee of their promis- ing to find that on each Sabbath the euous contact with criminal adults. lesson is taught by 122 teachers to 3,426 students. In the street Sab- Another English writer says: bath-schools, which are conducted by the professors and students of Assiut It is, of course, admitted that "the most College, there are 600 enrolled. These evil form of hooliganism has affected youths meet in the open air, in streets or vawho were in their most receptive mood dur- cant lots. In addition to the children ing the Revolution," hut nothing is said of who gather, the lesson reaches many the creed that they have heen taught during a listener. hidden behind partiaUythe last six years. From Belobrodoff Com· closed blinds. The cards which are missioner of Internal Affairs, we learn that "hooliganism is to be found in the League distributed gain entrance to a large of Communist Youth," While in the reported trials of the yonng criminals it is shown number of Moslem homes unvisited by that they are invariably members of the any Christian worker." ruling party.. Types of the Second Generation Riga Tabernacle Dedicated T WO recent news items supplied by AN EVENT long anticipated by the the Church Missionary Society Russion Missionary Society took show the changes that have been place on January 16th, when its new wrought during the years in which it building in Riga, Latvia, was opened. has been at work in Africa. One The English name is given as Riga states that when Archdeacon Mathers, Tabernacle, but the title chosen as of the Society's Upper Nile Mission, the Russian name signifies the" Tem- started the mission work at Kaliro, a ple of Salvation," which is rendered town in the Uganda Protectorate, he into Lettish, 'German and Hebrew, found the old chief sitting over his and appears in large letters over the beer-pot, and handing the drinkingentrance; while, on the roof of the tubes even to the children around him. building, in illuminated letters, it ap- Now this man has been succeeded by pears in Russian, Lettish and Hebrew. an able young Christian chief who is Dr. A. McCaig, who is associated with battling against old, clinging customs Rev. Wm. Fetler in this work writes: and fiery temptations. The old chief "A prayer and praise meeting was had some 600 wives, but this young held at 8 0 'clock in the Revival House, man is bravely standing by one. where hitherto the Russian meetings have been held. At the close, a pro- The second item describes a differcession was formed, and, with ban- ent type of inheritance. It tells of ners flying, cornets playing, and all Archdeacon Crowther, son of the late singing, a large company marched to Bishop Samuel Adjai Crowther, the the new tabernacle." slave boy who became Bishop of the Niger, who is now eighty-two years of AFRIOA age, but still travels up and down the country by canoe or motor lorry Atisiut Church Gains Member. preaching the Gospel wherever he goes, and giving advice and guidance REV. N. D. McCLANAHAN, of the to many churches in the great Niger United Presbyterian Mission in Delta. Egypt, writes: "We have just held our second communion Sabbath at

Cannibalism in the Sudan a large canoe. We have had two epi- demics of mumps, two of severe dys- I NA recent letter, quoted in the entery, one of not very severe influ- London Christian, Mr. Titcombe, enza, and are now passing through of Egbe station of the Sudan Interior one of measles-all in this year. And Mission, says: "It has been often attendance is voluntary, remember." asked, 'Is paganism :finished in the Yagba tribe l' The answer to this is: An African Prizes His Bible 'No!' Two weeks ago I was asked to go to a town eleven miles away, as a WHEN the Congo version of the little child had disappeared, and I had Bible was published some months not been there long before we found ago by the British and Foreign Bible the reason for its disappearance. It Society, a copy was sent to nay Toma had been carried away by a pagan Kula, who assisted in the translation. sect called the Bgboni, and sacri:ficed Rev. J. E. Geil, of the American Bapto their heathen gods, and then eaten tist Mission, furnishes a translation by them. A few days ago, another of a letter which this African addisappeared. How can this be put dressed to the Society, and which down V We have government officials reads: who have made laws condemning this, but that does not change or stop it. To our Dearly Beloved Friends in Jesus What can stop it 1 Prayer, with the Christ: preaching of' the Gospel of Jesus Christ. This practice was common I am very thankful and rejoice greatly in here in the early days of the Mission, the beautiful gift of the Book of God which but the Gospel has changed it and now you bestowed upon me……. It surpasses all we are looking to the Lord to change other gifts which I have received whether the vile hearts of the people in this of money or of food……. I have this village. " greatest of all joys when I received this gift because it is the bread of life and the Records of African Schoolboys lamp of the heart, and this gift can give feet to the heart to stand and walk in the BEFORE I e a v i n g on furlough, way of heaven, and stand before the face George Schwab, of the West of the Most High. Let Father God bless it to the end that it establish and comfort Africa Mission of the Presbyterian the hearts of many. God bless all the hands Church, reported from Sakbayeme: which prepared this gift. , ,We have just examined the school boys, to learn what progress has been Esteem and friendship from lib, your made in their spiritual lives. This is little brother in Jesus Christ. the second time this school year we have done this. The results for this Young Christian Pioneers time are: twenty-six boys taken into the church and forty-two advanced REV. w. C. JOHNSTON, D.D. from the :first to the second year's in- gives this vivid picture of condiquirers' class. They have stood fast tions in Cameroon: "As I am writing in the things of the Kingdom, have this at Yaounde I am interrupted to been faithful in attending the weekly bid goodby to a teacher-catechist who, prayer and instruction meeting, the with his young wife-she looks like a Sunday service and morning prayers, mere girl-and his six-weeks' old and in giving their offerings. There baby, is starting for his post at Amare sixty-four boys who have not ugu Si. With the five schoolboys who missed a single day of school for the came with them they (lre setting out whole year! They have come through on their lonely tramp of six days the rainy season at its worst, and how through the forest, with apparently it pours! They have managed to get no thought of fear in their hearts. across the river even when eight pad- They are the only workers in this disdlers will take only a dozen people in trict, 110 miles from Yaounde. In bidding us good-by he said, 'When are you coming to visit us, and what shall I tell the chiefs who were asking for teachers as I came down 1' Here is a district northeast of Yaounde as

NEW,S FROM MANY LANDS

yet untouched by Mohammedan in- have 245 day schools, with 273 fluences, where the people are asking teachers and 5,176 pupils; also 195 for help. This young teacher and Sunday-schools, with 6,161 scholars. wife, who must send 110 miles back to One of the very encouraging features . Yaounde for help, are on the edge of of our work is the people's giving for their own churches. The past year a vast, unoccupied field. We still re- our native Christians gave (from member how when the Bafia chiefs their meager pay of from five to ten were sending for teachers, and while cents a day) $6,598, which is an in- 'we were busy here and there,' and crease of $3,365 over the previous delayed sending them the help, the year. Our people are also learning to field was occupied by the Mohamme- give for others." dans. "

South African "Gospel Van" THE NEAR EAST T HE Christian Literature Mission Training Girls in Palestine of Sou t h Africa, which was founded in 1923, now has, according THE Church of England high to one of its representatives, "a book school for girls, at Haifa, Palesroom, a gospel van, a missioner and tine, is attended by Moslems, Jews his wife, and two native helpers, all and Bahai, together with Armenian, employed in sending forth the Word English and Greek Orthodox Chrisof Life. When entering the town of tians. The school believes that all Stangar, they found the way barred forms of education should rest on the, by some Indians who demanded to solid foundation of religion. Scripknow what the van was for, where it ture is given first place in the school was going, etc. All being explained, curriculum. The rule is that all they said, 'Come and hold services must assemble in the early morning here, and we will help you all we can.' to ask God's blessing on the work of The Europeans held aloof, apparently the day. Parents expect a great deal not liking such vigorous methods. An from this school. "Have I not al- Indian 'bus proprietor has purchased ready paid fifty piastres for Hansome text cards and put them up in nah's education," said an irate Arab his 'bus, well knowing that he would father one morning, "and have I not lose fares by so doing, as no Moham- told you that all this money was not medan would enter that 'bus. An In- spent only that my daughter may be dian jeweler bought striking texts to clever in history and geography but put in his shop window, 'not for sale, that she should learn first of all to be but to preach to all who pass by,' he a good girl? How can you defend said. At Stangar a young English- yourself, for Hannah has already man was led to Christ on the market been two weeks in your school and square. He sat up all night reading yet she is still a little. she-Satan at the Bible. " home?"

Methodist Progress in Africa Government Students at Beirut T HE year 1926' has seen the mem- FOUR governments are supporting bership of the Southeast Africa students at the American Univer- Conference (Portuguese East Africa sity of Beirut-Ethiopia, Palestine, and the Transvaal) grow to 10,658- Iraq and the Soudan. Ras Teferi, an increase of 765–despite the de- Prince Regent for Ethiopia, has sent crease in missionaries and African six boys to the preparatory school and workers, reports Rev. William C. Ter- the Government of the Soudan is supril, missionary of the Methodist Epis- porting two students, both in their copal Church in Johannesburg. He junior year. Palestine is the only says: "During the year 818 adults government sending a woman student and 419 children were baptized. We who is preparing for a position in a government school. This government

also supports five men students. King tian churches united in celebrating Feisal of Iraq is supporting nineteen this happy occasion. The old Armenstudents at the University. The first ian church is striving for a spiritual students to be sent by King Feisal revival and the Archbishop has were graduated last June and are now ordered the priests to preach, and at work in Iraq. Three more will the Bible is now being read in the graduate this year, five are juniors, churches in the modern Armenian one a sophomore and ten are entered language which the people underin the freshman class. In addition to stand. This is known as Ararat Ardirect support of students there is co- menian. The Scripture Gift Mission operation in curricula, so that certain has published "God Hath Spoken" schools may give certificates for en- in this important Armenian dialect trance to the University without ex- and many hundreds have been distribamination. uted among the Armenians of Persia. This tract has been used of God in Scientific Far_ing for Turkey many languages to show the true way of salvation. Recently many Scrip- THE Department of Agriculture in ture booklets have been distributed to the International College of Smyr- Moslems in and around Urumia, the na is organizing to meet an urgent name of which has been changed to need in present-day Turkey, by train- Rizaye, in honor of the new Shah. ing boys to be practical farmers. and to go out as teachers in the native New Jewish Attitude to Christ agricultural schools. Turkey, which is primarily an agricultural and pas- REV. S. B. ROHOLD, a well-known toral country, has been notorious for Jewish Christian, writes in the its antiquated methods of farming, Jewish Missionary Herald: "The but rapid new developments are now printing of the Life of Christ in Hein progress. A recent report of the brew is the most wonderful thing American Consul General in Constan- that has happened. The Jews tinople indicates that there are now through all the centuries of their 750 tractors in Turkey, of which 600 history endeavored to ignore Jesus. are American made. Service stations They thought, by ignoring Him, and and knowledge of mechanics are es- eliminating Him from their literature, sential to render the new development they could elimina,te Him from the effective, and it is here that such train- life of Israel. But getting a Life of ing as the International College is giv- Christ in Hebrew has changed all ing will prove most helpful. The col- that. We do not hear any more of the lege has 300 students, the majority of old hatred. There is no need any more whom are Turkish. Turkish students to beg a ,Jew to take a New Testament. also constitute the majority at Robert He buys it. We have been selling at College in Constantinople, where the the rate of twenty pounds every present enrollment totals 620, includ- month. Tn my earlier days if I sold ing thirty Turkish students sent to ten shillings worth in six months it the School of Engineering by the was a great thing. Look at the change Turkish Government.-The Congre- in their whole attitude. A Jew is not gationalist. afraid now to tell of his conversion. He is not afraid to show what salva- Bible in Modern Ar_enian tion has done for him."

ARCHBISHOP NERSES MELIK How Persian Gospels Were Sold T ANGIAN, of the Armenian Church, who is located at Tabriz, ACOLPORTEUR of the Church Persia, has lately celebrated the Missionary Society relates this intwenty-fifth anniversary of his assum- cident: "The people were about to ing the archbishopric of Northwest beat me when an old sayyid entered, Persia. Representatives of all Chris- and said to them: 'Try to be just and

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

put prejudice aside.' Then he took took some part in the study and essay a copy of St. Matthew from me. 'Sit writing, but the actual competitors down all of you,' he said, 'and listen who qualified numbered 195 schools while I read. When I have finished, in the United States and 368 in forif you do not approve the teaching I eign countries. Approximately 6',800 will tear up all the books before your school votes were registered repreeyes, but if you find it good, you shall senting about 282,000 students. The each one buy a copy for himself.' To twelve names of the 609 candidates this they agreed, so he read the 5th, nominated, which received the highest 6th and 7th chapters, giving brief ex- vote were chosen in the following orplanations here and there. 'Now,' der: Louis Pasteur, Abraham Linsaid he, 'have you anything to say coln, Christopher Columbus, George against this book l' 'No.' 'Then you Washington, Benjamin Franklin, must buy.' There and then I sold Woodrow Wilson, Florence Nightinseven copies, and the purchasers apol- gale, Joan of Arc, Socrates, Johann ogized for the trouble they had caused Gutenberg, David Livingstone, George me." Stephenson. All. of these, as various papers have noted, might be called Colporteur Wins His Freedom "heroes of peace." Five of the twelve prizes went to students in for- I BRAHIM EFFENDI DOWANY, eign countries and five of the twelve now an !3vangelist of the German winning essays. were written by girls. Carmel Mission, and a companion The prize for the best essay on David spent last summer, aided by the Nile Livingstone went to a student in the Mission Press, in "an evangelistic col- High School for Girls in Pretoria, portage journey" in Mesopotamia. South Africa. In one town they were arrested and taken to the police station. Dowany Program. of Lausanne Conference said to the police inspector, who was an Orthodox Christian: "Being un- T HOUGH preparations of many der the Arabian Government of the sorts have long been under way just Amir Abdullah, and subject to for the World Conference on Faith the British Mandate in Palestine, and Order which is to be held in Laushould we not enjoy religious free- sanne, Switzerland from August 3d dom ~ Nevertheless, if you must needs to 21st, it is only quite recently that prevent us, know then that we have the first formal draft of the program been sent by our Society, not for sport was made public. This includes the or enjoyment, but to preach the Gos- following subjects: pel and sell our religious books; for this we ask you kindly to give us an The call to unity; the Ohurch's message official notice of prevention, to pre- to the world-the Gospel; the nature of the sent to our Mission." The outcome Church; the Church's common confession was that the men were released, and of faith; the Church's ministry; the sacratheir books returned to them. ments; the unity of Christendom and the relation thereto of existing churches' ar- GENERAL rangements for ·continuing the work of the conference. World's Youth Warnes Heroes Subjects not on the program may be T HE results have been announced placed there at any stage at the writ- of "a world hero essay competi- ten request of three members with the tion" conducted in the schools of sev- consent of the arrangements commiteral countries under the auspices of tee and with the consent of a twothe National Council for the Preven- thirds majority of the conference. tion of War. About one thousand French, German and English will be schools and a half-million students the official languages of the confer- ence.

books mentioned in these columns will be forwarded by us au receipt of price.-

L'HE REVIEW.

The China Christian Year Book, 1926. mission schools. The last is especially Edited by Dr. Frank Rawlinson. 12 mo. vexing. Dr. Rawlinson firmly be- 549 pp. Christian Literature Society. lieves that the roots of Christian faith E'hanghai. 1926. and doctrine have struck deep in Chi- nese life and will bear abundant fruit Here is doubtless the most illumi- in years to come-though it may be nating and authoritative information with a Chinese ,form and Oriental oil the present situation in China. flavor. It is the hope of Christian Some forty writers deal with political, missionaries that as soon as possible educational, social, industrial and re- the Chinese Church will become auligious affairs-and nearly one· half tonomous while it remains loyal to the of these writers are Chinese. Condi- Christ of the Scriptures. tions are chaotic in many places, but most of the Christian missions are In the forty-four chapters, the restill open and the missionaries are at lation of national affairs to the Christheir posts. China is in transition. tian movement in China is discussed A political, mental, social, economic with discernment by five writers; the and religious change is taking place, religious thought and activity by four but Christian ideas and influences (three of them Chinese); church life have been implanted and are at work, by five (all foreigners); missions and as well as other more selfish and ma- missionaries by six (all foreigners); terialistic ideas. The national ship education by nine writers (eight Chiof state has loosed from the old moor- nese); social and industrial problems ings and is encountering heavy seas; by seven; medical work by three and there are many contrary winds and literature by seven. there are rocks on every side; there is a frequent change of pilot and of No one who wishes to know of concourse, but there is reason to believe ditions and prospects in China today that the ship will not break up, but will weather the storm and, before can afford to overlook this wealth of long, will flnd its course in smoother fact interpreted by those well-inseas under good governorship. formed and sympathetic with the highest ideals for China.

Naturally, the emphasis in this vol- Borden of Yale '09. "The Life That ume is placed on the progress of Counts." Mrs. Howard Taylor. Illus. Christianity. The editor interprets 8 va. 287 pp. $2.00 or 68. London.

the characteristics of this movement 1926.

in China as representing two classes At the threshold of a most prom- -the articulate and the inarticulate ising career, this very remarkable groups. He shows the influence of young and valiant Christian was sud- communism and the shifting forces or denly called into service in the Life fulcrum of the Christian churches . beyond. As men count, he reached from foreign to home control. The the age of only twenty-five and yet he greatest problems have come in con- made his mark on his generation, and nection with the general attitude to- his example was and is an inspiration ward foreigners, the foreign financial to many. Possibly no young man of support of various Christian enter- twenty-five ever exerted a wider and prises and the teaching of religion in deeper influence. At least seven 318

19271) THE MISSIONARY LIBRARY

memorial services were held to mem- tion. They are picturesque and inorialize him-in America, Europe, teresting, and have many admirable Africa, Asia. William Whiting Bor- characteristics and customs. Life den showed a character that was at among them is full of romance and of the same time virile and loving, full tragedy. of faith in God and of service to mankind.. He was an unusual, but a nat- Rev. W. J. V. Saville, who writes ural boy in his Chicago home; an ac- this volume, has been a missionary in tive but studious lad in Hill School; Eastern New Guinea (or Papua) for a leader in good things at Yale, where twenty-five years, and has come to he founded "The Yale Hope Mis- know the natives intimately. He has sion." He was a real force among studied them, their beliefs and custhe students in Princeton Seminary toms most diligently and here deand a valued volunteer worker during scribes their habits, sacred rites, pubvacation times in the National Bible lic ceremonies, occupations and char- Institute, New York and a helpful acteristics most minutely and scientifimember of the Governing Board of cally. The study is almost too dethe China Inland Mission. He was tailed for the average reader, but the a keen and buoyant observer in his author helps us to gain a thorough journey around the world and in Lon- knowledge of his Papuans – even don surrendered his life still more un- down to the smallest detail. For anreservedly to God. Then, at the Stu- thropologists and missionaries, this is dent Volunteer Convention in Nash- a valuable study, fully illustrated ville, came the call to missionary with excellent photographs and drawwork among Moslems. He responded ings. The crude and cruel customs, with his whole heart, but the Home the ignorance and superstition, the Call came while he was in Cairo pre- uncleanness and immorality prevaparing to go to the Moslems of China. lent give clear evidence of the need of Weare not wise enough to under- these people for the Gospel of Christ. stand the reason for this unexpected call, but God makes no mistakes. The Prayer. Arno Clemens Gaebelein. 12 mo. life has not ended, and the influence III pp. $1.00. New York. 1927. here has gone on in enlarging circles. It is strange how many people pray The Borden and Whiting families without ever thinking of stUdying the are of high social standing, and Wil- conditions that make prayer truly liam received the best of education, effective. They would not think of brought up in wealth. While still a such ignorant, haphazard methods of student,he inherited a fortune, and endeavoring to secure desired results yet this young man was unspoiled, in science, in medicine or in business. simple in his habits, athletic, sympa- The Bible is the "Source Book" for thetic with those in need, a devout a knowledge of prayer and how it bestudent of secular subjects and of comes effective and yet how few who the Bible, a tireless personal worker pray really study the Bible teachings for Christ and a generous and wise and examples relating to prayer. Dr. steward of all his talents. His life- Gaebelein does· this in a most thorstory is well written and worth read- ough and practical way. He begins ing. at Genesis and goes through the Bi- ble to Revelation to discover every In Unknown New Guinea. W. J. V. Saville. mention of prayer and what we may Maps and 58 Illustrations. 8vo. 316 pp. learn from them. It is an exceedingly 218 net. London. 1926. rich and suggestive stUdy.

The people of New Guinea com- In the last forty pages, he systempose the largest group of uncivilized atically unfolds the teachings of the people in the South Seas. Many are Scriptures in reference to prayersaid to be cannibals. In the interior, its basis, its contents, types of prayer, they are still savage in the extreme conditions of effectual prayer, the exand have not been touched by civiliza- ample of Christ and the relation of

"Borden of Yale '09" the Holy Spirit to prayer. It is a volume worthy of careful and prayer- "The Life That Counts" ful study.

by MRS. HOWARD TAYLOR The Wonderful Names of Our Wonderful Lord. Selected by T. C. Horton with REV. ENOCH F. BELL writes: "I have been Meditations by Charles E. Hurlburt and reading "Borden of Yale," by Mrs. Howard Tay- T. C. Horton. 12mo. 199 Pl'. Los lor. The book is wonderfully written. William Angeles. 1925. Borden was an extraordinary man on almost every count and his Christian life and faith There are three hundred and sixtyraised hiS natural power to the Nth degree. It five names selected from the Bible is a book that every Christian worker ought to and arranged with comments for read." daily Bible verses and comments. It is an exceedingly rich study in the DR. R. A. TORREY writes: "This life of scriptural interpretation of Christ. your son is wonderful: it Is one of the most interesting and helpful biographies that I ha.ve Youth LOOks at the Church; The Evanston ever read. Not only is the Ufe itself one of Conference. Introduction by Stanley great importance but the record of it is written High. 12 mo. 220 pp. $1.00. New York. with great skill, both in the chOice of material 1926. and in the way in which it is put. I know something of Mrs. Taylor's ability to write biog- Much attention has been given to raphies from her life of Hudson Taylor and the Interdenominational Student from "Paetor Hsi," but I am inClined to think Conference held in Evanston last that she has done the work upon this book with December. Here are the official, but even wiser judgment and greater skill than she abbreviated, reports of addresses displayed in these other books." from the platform and from the floor, the reports of the student commis· 287 pages-Oloth Binding. sions (forty·seven pages) and the With Map and Illustration•. findings (twelve pages). These ad· dresses and findings are not radically Price $2.00 Postpaid revolutionary and are worthy of thoughtful study. at NEW BOOKS CHINA INLAND MISSION 237 W. School Lane, Germantown Awakening Womanhood. F. Hughes·Hal· lett. ~ Pl'. Is. Church Missionary Philadelphia, Pa. Soeiety. London. 1927. or Everyland Children. VoL I Just Like You; 150 St. George St., Toronto 5, Onto VoL II Taro and Ume. 60 Pl'. each. and Booksellers Paper, 25 cents; board covers, 50 cents. Central Committee for the United Study Whither Bound? of Foreign Missions. Cambridge, Mass., ]927. THE MODERN Prayer. Arno Clemens Gaebelein. 111 Pl'. STUDENT $1.00. "Our Hope," 456 Fourth Avenue, New York City. 1927. WITH IDEALS The Christian Movement in lapan, Korea and Formosa. 1926. Edited by A. Olt· If you'd like to /mow mans. Committee of Reference and Hhim U better Counsel. New York. 1926.

Here Is Your OPPORTUNITY China. Today Through Chinese Eyes. Second Series. By Seven Distinguished 1. Religion on the Campus-the re- Chinese Leaders. 151 Pl'. $1.25. George sume of the National Student Confer· H. Doran Co., New York. Student Christ· ian Movement, London. 1926. ence, Milwaukee. Thought·provoking, The Maryknoll Movement. George /C. catholic, realistic; a true picture of the Powers. 140 Pl'. $l.50. Field Afar Office. MaryknOll P.O., New York. 1927. mind of students as they face life is- Pioneering for Christ in the Sudan. sues in the light of 1927 science, reo Johanna Veenstra. 223 Pl'. $2.00. i3mitter Book Company. Grand Rapids. ligion and society. Cloth, $1.50 1926. .

II. The Intercollegian-the magazine of the Student Christian Movement. Ar· ticles-reviews-news-Student Opin· ion at its Best. The Year, $1.25 BOTH FOR $2.50 roD/if"."" ASSOCIATION PRESS S.,.,••,.I, Addm".'fYo" 3(7 Madison Ave.

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~orbon Missionary Education Tours A Graduate School of Theology "One seeing is worth a hundred tellings" and Missions, of high scholastic standards and evangelical loyalty. Around South America Degree of B. D. In connection with the 1925 United Theological, Missionary, Reli- Mission study theme.

gious-Educational College course Leaving San Francisco September 6th, Los Angeles September 7th, and arof 4 years,college standards,hroad riving at New York December 8th. Everything FIRST CLASS. Largest curriculum. Degree of Th. B. I steamers and best hotels. Party lim- ited to twelve persons. Personally NATHAN R. WOOD, President conducted.

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T HIS is the only magazine in English which gives first-hand contemporary information from the missionary point of view regarding the world of Islam as a whole. The current number contains articles by expert writers on Islam in Africa; The Problem 01 the Birth of Jesus; A Moslem Torah from India; The Frontiers of Afghanistan; Parallel Passages in the Koran; The Armenian Question; The Outlook for the Women of Turkey Today; Islam's Greatest Failure; The Children of the StI eet, and How Moslems Approach Christians.

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Pleas~ mention THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORI,D in writing to advertisers. THE MISSIONARY Review 0 f the World DELAVAN L. PIERSON, &lilor CONTENTS FOR Jl,JLY, 1925 Page FRONTISPIECE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . LEADERS AT THE MONTEVIDEO CoNGRESS EDITORIALS •….•..••..•..•……••……………………………..•.. 501 TESTING THE MISSIONARY AND THE BOARD LITERATURE FOR BOYS IN EUROPE OPIUM A HINDRANCE TO ClHRISTIANITY THE INFLUENCE OF POI.YGLOT HOME AMERICA'S RoVING POPULATIONS MISSIONS ORGANIZED GOOD VS. ORGANIZED EVIL THE CONGRESS ON CHRISTIAN WORK IN SOUTH AMERICA. RoBERT E. SPEER 511 The story and interpretation of the recent conference of evangelical Christians of Latin America and missionary workers on the needs and progress of Chris- tianity in the southern republics.

NUGGETS .FROM THE MONTEVIDEO CONGRESS ..•………………….. 520 ROME'S MISSIONARY EXPOSITION •…….•.••.••. BY A RESIDENT OF ITALY 521 An illustrated account of the remarkable world-wide missionary exhibition of the work of the ,Roman Catholic Church in many lands written fiom an evan- gelical viewpoint.

THE EVANGELICAL .CHRISTIANS IN RUSSIA . . . . . . . . BY NORMAN J. SMITH 525 The story, from first-hand knowlcdge, of the attitude of the Rus.'ans toward the evangelical Christian movement and the progress being made 'under the Soviet rule.

CHRIST'S VIEW OF NATIONS AND RACES ….. , …..•.. , .. J. H. OLDHAM 533 The report of a remarkable adilress given at the Washington Missionary Con- i vention by the a1tthor of "(]hristia,n'ity and the Race Problem."

THE FIJI ISLANDS- TODAy ……… , …………….. " .MARY G. WRAY 537 An account of the pre.•ent situation in these interesting islands where Chris- tianity wrought such a remarkable transformation: also the new problems in- troduced with the coming of East Inilian laborers.

'A REMARKABLE WORK IN SOU'fHWEST CHINA .. , '" _.SAMUEL R. (''LARKE 540 BEST METHODS .•…… , .•………… , …….. EDITED BY MRS. E. O. CRONK 545 WOMAN'S HOME MISSION BULLETIN ….. EDITED BY FLORENCE E. QUINLAN 552 WOMAN'S FOREIGN MISSION BULLETIN …. EDITED DY Er.LA D. McLAUREN 555 NEWS FROM MANY LANDS … " ….. , …………. _………… , . , . . . . . . . 558 THE MISSIONARY LIBRARY …………….•. ,., ……………….. _. " . 575 TERMS: $2.50 a year. ($2.00 in clubs ot. five.) Foreign postage, 50 centa. Single copies, 25 cents. Publiahed monthly. Copyrighted, 1925, by MilsslONaY REVIEW PtIlILISHING CollPANY, INO. All rights reserved.

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Robert E. Speer, President William I. Chamberlain, Vice-President Delavan L. Pierson, Secretary Walter McDougall, Treasurer Publication omce, 3d & Reily St•., Harrisburg, Pa. 260. a COpy $2.50 a year Editorial and Business Omee, 156 Fifth Avenue, New York City Entered as s.cond-class matter at the Post Omce, Harrisburg, Pa.• under Act of March S, 1879. PERSONALS WILLIAM W. PEET, LL.D., who for forty- Visit World Missions four years has been the honored treasurer of the missions and colleges of the A. B. C. in the Far East under the leadership 01 F. M. in Turkey, has retired from active service, but is to continue to serve in an Dr. Harlan P. Beach advisory capacity. He has recently returned to America from Constantinople where he Party sails from San Francisco Sept. was the confidential advisor of many Ameri- 26, 1925; returns to Boston March 9, can diplomats. 1926.

REV. WATTS O. hE, D.D., of Fenchowfu, The outstanding institutions of all C'hina, who has been speaking in many im- denominations will be visited. Such a portant centers during his furlough, expects tour will give you a grasp of World to return to China in August. Missions not otherwise obtainable.

""" A Famous Missionary Statesman writes: "I know of no one either in Amer- REV. FREDERICK B. BRlDGlIIAN, D.D., ica or upon any other continent so well fitted American Board missionary in J ohannes- to be the educational director of a cruise burg, South Africa, has returned to the through mission lands as is Harlan P. Beach. United States on furlough. His ability as a lecturer is widely known across this country, his knowledge of the *"" mission field is unmatched by any living man, DR. STA<JEY R. WARBURTON has been ap- and he himself has visited missions over and over again and knows the whole problem pointed to the chair of Home Missions in the from A to Z. Any group can be congratu- Baptist Theologieal Seminary at Berkeley, lated who can be under the leadership of Dr. Calif. Beach upon a tour through mission fields."

"" For full information address: REV. JOSEPH CLARK, of the American Bap- PROF. ALBERT E. BAILEY tist 'Foreign Missionary Society, celebrated Care Temple Tours in April the forty-nfth anniversary of his arrival in the Congo. 441-C Park Sq. Bldg., Boston, Mass.

* '* * DR. WILFRED T. GRENFELL has recently returned to Labrador from his tour of the LEVI B. SALMANS, M.D., Methodist Super- world. intendent of the Good Samaritan Hospital, Guanajuato, Mexico, is retiring after forty years of service. He has been suceessful in winning souls as well as in the healing of bodies. Mrs. Salmans died on June 17th.

"* MRS. CHARLES W. ABEL, of New Guinea, and her daughters, Phyllis and Marjorie, have recently been in America on their way DR. JOHN R. MOTT, General Secretary of from England to rejoin Mr. Abel in Kwato, the International Committee of the Y. M. C. A., has been elected Chairman of the Papua.

SETSUZO SAWADA, the Councilor of the World's Student Christian Federation, the Japanese Embassy in Washington, is an able headquarters of which are in Geneva, Switzerland. Dr. T. Z. Koo of China has . . and earnest Christian man, a member of the b"en elected Secretary to succeed Dr. Karl l<'ries of Sweden. Japanese Society of Frie"nds. MR. BASIL MATHEWS, formerly editor of Outward Bound, the popular missionary OBITUARY NOTES periodical published for some time in Eng· land, is now in America to attend a con- REV. A. C. DIXON, D.D., pastor of the ference on Boys' Work at Estes Park, University Baptist Church, Baltimore, Md., Colorado. Mr. Mathews is stationed at formerly of the Moody Bible Institute, Chi· Geneva, Switzerland, as !iditor of literature cago, and later pastor of Spurgeon's Taberfor boys, to be published under the auspices nacle in London, died at his home in Baltimore on J"une 14th. His widow, who of the World's Committee of the Y. M. C. A. was Mrs. Helen Cadbury Alexander, was the founder of the Pocket Testament *•" Loague.

REV. I. S. PROKHANOFll', of Leningrad, Russia, the president of the All-Russian Union of E"angelical Churches, and director MADAME KAJIKO YAJIMA, the well-known Japanese educationalist, the founder and of the first Protestant Theological School in president of the W. C. T. U. of Japan, died Russia, is now in America to interest Chris- in Tokyo on June 16th at the age of ninety. one. Five years ago she represented Japan tians in the present opportunity for evan- at the International Temperance Congress in London. gelical work and Christian training in . .. ** RUssia. RT. REV. WILLIAM D. REEVE, D.D., a pio· DR. ROBEaT E. SPEER, REV. SAMUEL GUY neer Protestant Episcopal missionary in the INMAN, REV. W. REGINALD WHEELE& and others have recently returned from the Montevideo Congress and their tour of Canadian Northwest, died in Toronto, May South America. 13th, in his eighty·nrst year.

Please mention THB MISSIONARY Ruvmw OF THE: WORLD in writing to advertisers.

EVIfW'

VOL. JULY, 1925 NUMBER XLVIII . SEVEN TESTING THE MISSIONARY AND THE BOAR,D· T HIS is the time when recruits are being sent into the field. Church bodies and mission boards are constantly facing the problem of finding and appointing well qualified missio1iaries to carryon the work of Christ in America and in foreign' lands.

The problem is more acute and diftlcult in foreign service than at home. For service abroad, the expense of sending out recruits is greater, the term is supposedly for life, the circle of Christia'Il fel- lowship is small and the work is that of an ambassador of Christ among non-Christians, laying firm foundations for new churche,s and training future Christian leaders. At home a mistake in ordaining and sending out a preacher is serious but. it may be mote,~asily remedied and young ministerial leadership and influence iU"Q"less pronounced than among more primitive people. i: In former years, the problem of securing suitable recruit~ was simpler in some respects than at present. Pioneer work involved so many dangers and hardships, and the number of missionaries sent out was so limited, that men and women looked for a very defi- nite call of God before they would volunteer, and felt a very deep conviction as to the necessity for giving the Gospel of Christ to the lillsaved. Mission Boards considered long and carefully before they would assume the responsibility for sending these messengers of Christ into the regions beyond. While the experience of outstand- ing missionaries cannot be regarded as typical, it is illuminating to study such cases as those of Moffat and Livingstone, of John G.

Paton and S. M. Zwemer, of Hudson Taylor and Adoniram Judson,· of Alexander Mackay of Uganda and Robert Laws of Livingstonia, to see the motives that actuated them and the tests applied to them by mission boards. Today the vast majority of missionary volun- teers are no doubt actuated by the same high motives and Boards have equally strict tests that they seek to apply cOnf';cientiously, but 501

the work has so greatly enlarged, t.he appeal is so much broader, many kinds of work are so much like t.hose in America and the opport.unity for short term service is so much greater that some are inclined to apply for commissions who would formerly never have considered foreign missionary service.

The churches at home are also much less a unit in regard to the essentials of Christian faith, training and experience. Colleges and seminaries have grown more liberal in their teaching so that what seems orthodox to one congregation will be denounced as heresy by another. There is now no general agreement as to the true basis for final authority in religion and there has come a change of emphasis, in many quarters, as to the matters of prime importance in Christian faith and life and fitness for missionary work.

It is natural, therefore, that in foreign fields there has been, in recent years, considerable discussion as to the fitness of certain missionaries for their work as messengers of Christ and as builders of His' Church. Where workers of varying views are associated closely together in one station or field, they naturally discover their points of disagreement. Those with definite ideas and strong convictions as to Christ and His Gospel may consider that others with different convictions are undermining the work, are building on sand or are erecting a church of wood, hay and stubble.

Most of the mission boards are passing through the fire of such controversies. The disagreements of the Church at home are emphasized abroad. From Great Britain and America, commissions have been sent to the fields to investigate such disputes as the "Bangalore Controversy" in India, the results of missionary education in China and the Kikuyu controversy in Africa. At the recent General Assembly of the Presbyterian Church, South, charges of rationalism among missionaries abroad led to the passing of a resolution that the Executive Committee be instructed to investigate charges of unorthodoxy and to report to the Church court.

The Northern Baptist Oonvention last year appointed a committee of seven to investigate the policies and praetice of the Foreign Mission Society as to the selection of missionaries, to ascertain the truth of charges concerning the lack of evangelical faith of some missionaries and to report its findings and recommendations. This report has now been published and is notable for its emphasis on adherence to the New Testament teachings and for its manifestation 'of the Spirit of Christ.

While the Baptist committee did not visit the foreign field, they conducted extensive correspondence, interviewed missionaries and secretaries and examined records. Theil' general conclusion is that the denomination has reason to thank God and should have confidence in the Ohristian faith, character and work of the vast majority of the Baptist missionaries. The work abroad is being well done by

EDITORIAL COMMENTS

unselfish, consecrated, Christlike men and women, and God is bless- ing it with rich and abiding fruitage.

On the other hand, the committee found certain unsatisfactory conditions in the selection of some candidates and the retention of some missionaries. While the Board's policy is to select and send out only those of true evangelical faith in harmony with the teach- ings of the New Testament, and such men and women as might be counted worthy to lay good foundations for Christian churches in non-Christian lands, nevertheless, the committee discovered in some cases a tendency to underestimate the value of thoroughly sound evangelical views and reports that the Board was not always suffi- ciently well informed as to what were the convictions of candidates.

·While soundness of doctrine alone is no adequate qualification, still this is of supreme importance if strong churches are to be built and if reliable Christian leaders are to be trained in these foreign fields. While Baptists and other Protestants believe in the right of the individual to interpret the Scriptures by the guidance of the Holy Spirit, this does not mean that teachers and preachers should be appointed who reject the clear testimony and teachings of the Scriptures. .

The committee found that a few missionaries in active service hold views not in harmony with the teaching of the Scriptures as generally interpreted by the Baptists who have sent them out. The statement made by the Board contains the following paragraph: "We,will appoint only suitable evangelical men and women; we will appoint evangelicals and we will not appoint non-evangelicals. And by the Gospel we mean the good news of the free forgiveness of sin and eternal life (beginning now and going on forever) through a vital union with the crucified and risen Christ, which brings men into union and fellowship with God. This salvation is graciously offered on the sole condition of repentance and faith in Christ and has in it the divine power of regeneration and sanctification through the Spirit. The only reason we have for accepting this Gospel is our belief in the deity of Christ in whom we see the Father, a faith founded on the trustworthiness of the Scriptures and the fact that we have experienced this salvation in our own hearts."

A few of the missionaries on the field, if they originally held these views, have given them up and no means have been taken by the Board to ascertain the facts. One missionary, whose belief was investigated by the committee, acknowledged that he had no conviction as to Christ being the Son of God in a unique sense, but "rather He is the only perfect one among countless millions of the sons of God." He expresses no belief in the unique inspiration of the Scriptures j holds that "wrongdoers are not so much sinners as unfortunates," and says that "it is not the death of Jesus that saves us." Another missionary could not affirm his faith in eternal life while a third expresses doubt as to the virgin birth, the miracles,

the bodily resurrection of Christ and the inspiration of the Scriptures.

The Committee also found that while Christian education is greatly needed to train the coming leaders, too much emphasis is placed on education and proportionately too much money is being spent for this branch of the work. They do not report on the employment of non-Christian teachers or on the spiritual results of school and college training.

In conclusion, the Committee recommends to the Convention (1) that more care be taken in the selection of candidates and that the Board send out only those of sound evangelical faith; (2) that periodically the Board take steps to ascertain any change of views in the missionaries j (3) that complaints made by reputable persons, with definite charges, be investigated promptly; (4) that more emphasis be placed on evangelistic work; (5) that the Church as a whole give their hearty confidence and support to the work conducted by the Missionary Society as being truly God's work carried on in harmony with the teachings and spirit of Jesus Christ.

OPIUM A HINDRANCE TO CHRISTIANITY W HAT "fire-water" is to the American Indian and "rum" is to the African, opium is to the natives of Asia. "'nile it does not stimulate and excite as does alcohol, it robs the user of self-control and becomes a harmful habit that causes degeneration and is almost impossible to break. It develops into a passion for which the habitual user will sell his possessions, his family, his honor, his very soul. It impoverishes, weakens and destroys. Therefore, it is of great importance that those interested in the temporal, moral or spiritual welfare of men and women shall exert their utmost influence to put an end to the cultivation and traffic in such drugs, except for medical purposes. A grellt obstacle that stands in the way of such laws and their enforcement is "greed for gold." Those who cultivate the poppy can make more money than by cultivating grain-but it impoverishes the land. Those who sell, become rich-but their traffic destroys the souls and bodies of their fellow human beings. Governments may profit by the tax or the duty collected-but it is at great cost to the nation's strength. In the minds of profiteers the temporal and material outweigh the eternal and the spirituaL Last year at Geneva, Switzerland, (November, 1924), two conferences, held under the auspices of the League of Nations, sought to adopt resolutions for the legal international control of the opium traffic.

The :first conference took up the problem of smoking opium and included an examination of the situation in Far Eastern territories; measures for suppression of illegal production and use of opium;

1925J EDITORIAL COMMENTS

and a special study of the situation in territories bordering on Ohina.

Eight countries were represented in this conference-China, India, France, Great Britain, Holland, Japan, Portugal, and Siamand the discussions were marked by sharp disagreements among the delegates.

Ohina recognized the fact that a great recrudescence of poppy cultivation had occurred in her country, but she promised to put her own house in order as soon as present governmental disorder ceased, if the other powers would assist. India, France and Great Britain replied that so long as Chiua illegally produced such quantities of raw ophuu, control was practically impossible. Japan and Great Britain reached an impasse over the question of certificates, Great Britain maintaining the right to further investigation of those which it had reason to believe might cover illegal shipment, in spite of the fact that the certificate system is a safeguard legalized by the League. Great Britain finally agreed to recognize certificates which could be· guaranteed against illegitimate use. On December 5th, an agreement was reached and on December 13th a treaty was drafted declaring that the opium traffic should be a state monopoly, so as to eliminate private profit. Provision was included for restriction of sale to minors, and for the use of certificates of export and import; anti-opium propaganda was agreed upon.

On February 11th, seven countries, Great Britain, France, Holland, India, Portugal, Japan and Siam, after reviving the first conference, signed a treaty and protocol which provided for: reduction of opium production over a period of fifteen years to begin after the producing countries in the East have satisfactorily curbed overproduction and smuggling; abolition of the farming system of the opium traffic, and substitution of government monopolies. Mr. Sze, the Chinese delegate, did not sign this treaty.

The second conference (November 17) was called for "consideration of measures to carry out the Convention of 1912 with regard to (1) the limitation of the amounts of morphine, heroin, or cocaine and their respective salts to be manufactured; (2) a limitation of the amounts of raw opium and the coca leaf to be imported for that purpose and for other medicinal and scientific purposes; (3) a limitation of the production of raw opium and the coca leaf for export to the amount required for such medicinal and scientific purposes. "

The American representative Stephen G. Porter placed before the conference the American suggestions for amendments to the 1912 Convention, designed to strike at the root of the world opium evilproduction. These provided for the restriction of the production of raw opium and coca leaves to the amount needed for medicinal and scientific purposes. Manufacture of heroin was absolutely prohibited. A central board was provided through which the amount of drugs

required to meet the medicinal and scientific needs of the world could be ascertained and the entire trade in opium and drugs could be continually under review.

Persia and Turkey asked for the consideration of methods to insure that the signing of such an agreement would not deprive producing countries too suddenly of their- livelihood. India objected strongly to the American attempt to restrict to an amount needed only for scientific and medicinal purposes.

On February 19th, ten countries, Australia, Belgium, Great Britain, Greece, Holland, Japan, Luxemburg, Persia, Portugal and Siam signed both the treaty and protocol, and provision is made for further signatures, including those of the United States and China, should they reconsider. The treaty, in general, provides for control of production and distribution of raw opium; heroin and all drugs containing heroin are subjected to medical prescription; and a central board of control is provided for through which these and other international provisions to limit manufacture are to be consummated..

By the courtesy of those countries that finally signed the treaty, the United States is given the privilege, with Germany, of assisting in selecting the members of the central board of control of drugs. In the meantime, at least ten nations have agreed upon a further step toward an international ethic.

Christians have still much to do to uproot this evil. While they have a responsibility for urging upon the lawmakers of the nations the adoption of high principles and wise agreements and laws, their chief responsibility is to educate the people as to the evils that accompany and follow the use of narcotics and the better way of life fouud in Jesus Christ.

AMERICA'S ROVING POPULATIONS T HE westward waves of people still continue to flow. Move- ments that began before the middle of the last century and which were stimulated when the soldiers returned from the Civil War, are still in progress. Men from the eastern states have flocked to the 'Vest and to the Northwest in numbers that are surprising. People from the South are also spreading through the West. The subdivision of farms, as the population has increased, has not been the rule in the eastern states, and will not be in the western states until the land now so abundant is more densely populated. The movement westward has been encouraged by lowpriced lands on the frontier. When the prices of land there have reached a certain point, the tide may turn eastward again, for it always moves toward cheaper lands. Intensive farming in the East and in the states from which the people have been departing, may

EDITORIAL COMMENTS

also cause refluent waves of population. All these changes of population make new Home Mission opportunities.

Fresh accessions of peoples from other lands are constantly coming to America as the raw material which must pass through the process of grace in order to be saved. If those who come from foreign countries are Christianized, and those who are born in America are also born again into the Kingdom of God's grace, the future of the world is safe. In America the worth of democracy is being demonstrated, human liberty is teaching the world the truth of spiritual freedom, and followers of Christ imbued with His Spirit will go forth from this land into other countries and in all continents, to repeat there the process of individual, family, social, industrial, national and international salvation.

One of the effects of the W orId War was to detain in America for a longer period than usual the people of Southeastern Europe. Under normal conditions thousands of thesH transient foreigners return to their ancestral homes every year laden with their savings of gold which they distribute as gifts to their people in the homelands, or which they use to establish themselves either on the soil or in business. The period of their stay in America gave our Home Missionaries time in which to impress them with the Gospel, and was perhaps in some instances precisely what was needed to give sufficient strength and inspiration for the tasks that awaited them among their own people. That opportunity is now past, but America still contains a multitude of foreigners, the spiritual care of whom is one of the most important departments of Home Missionary service. The work grows with the years. Increased contributions will further enable us to lengthen our cords and strengthen OUT stakes. In proportion as the Home Missionary societies are enabled to enter these open doors of Christian service, the dynamic results will be felt among many nations of the earth.

A study of the United States census reflects the astonishing degree to which the population of each state is made up of those who were born in or migrated from all other states. This mixture of population; the tendencies of workmen to migrate; the habit of farmers to sell their acres and move where land is cheaper; the retirement of men from business and their removal to other places and frequently to establish several homes; t4e habit of those who dwell in the North to spend their winters in the South; the migration of rural communities to the cities: the establishment of summer homes in rural communities by those who dwell in cities; the building up of strong suburban communities; and the improvement of automobile transportation by which people can live miles from a village and yet curtail none of the privileges of life-aU these tendencies show how difficult it is to extend our missionary work in the areas within which occur such strange and bewildering mutations

of population. Indeed missionary work seems never to be completed, even within a given area. A historic study of these changes of populations within a certain city shows that sections of the city, which were formerly populated by Germans and Scandinavians, have been successively occupied by several other racial groups, among each of which our Home Missionary societies have carried on.

Doubtless the end of such racial swarmings within that area has not been reached. This shows the need for continued Home Mission work even in the older fields. The work will not he completed until those who move in to new areas and those who move out are followers of Christ and like the apostles of old, beiug "scattered abroad"

go "everywhere preaching the ·Word."

Many will recall the rejoicing with which certain middle west- ern states, at t.he end of fifty or more years of continual aid from a national Home Mission society, celebrated the advent of the day when such aid was no longer necessary, and promised their increas- ing gifts to the Mother who had lovingly nourished them from childhood. It is surprising', however, to discover in recent years that some of 'the most iusistent calls fo1' assistance, received by the national missionary societies and boards, have come from those very areas. This is the result of the tides of foreign immigration that have risen higher and higher, a condition which could not have been foreseen. The national societies are again doing some of their most important and effective work in parts of America which were sup- posed to be forever released from the need of such missionary as- sistance. In some of the small cities of these states more than fifty nationalities are now living, whereas two decades ago the popula- tion was almost completely homogeneous. This is missionary work that cannot be neglected. There is no state, however strong finan- elally, however resourceful in leadership, however independent in its courage at the present time, which may not face the imminent danger of having its work find its denominational life imperiled, without the aid which, in hours of distress and need, the national Home Mission societies are willing and eager to give. o. L. W.

LITERATURE] F'OR BOYS IN EUROPE l~HE boys of Europe, who will form the leaders of the future States, are very E'Usceptible to influences that will mold their characters. The moral, religious and political conditions in Europe are not such as develop high-minded and trustworthy leaders. Wbile there is some idealism manifested in the youth Movements, it is not the idealism that is based on sound Christian principles or on experience. '1'he old religious influences and standards have been largely discarded. In Czecho-Slovakia, for instance, ninety to ninety-five per cent of the men have no real religious attacbment to any church. In other countries, also, they have cast off the old

1921>1 EDITOR,IAL COMMENTS 5U9

ecclesiasticism aud leadership, but bave not attached themselves to any new and better form of Christian institution. The youth of high school age are almost universally impure and many are diseased as a result.

The literature printed and most widely circulated in many of these continental countries is undermining to morals, to good citizenship and to Christian life and faith. Perhaps the greatest iniluence can be exerted on the rising generation by the wide distribution of the stories of heroic Christian men of all ages. There is a thirst for literature, but the youth show' no power of discrimination between the ideals of such men as Bismarck, Lenin, Luther, 'Marx, Mohammed, the Pope of Rome and ,Jesus Christ. In many European countries, there is no Life of Christ published that will appeal to the youth. They have become so unfavorably impressed with the Church and with the representatives of Christ, as they have seen them in established churches, that it is difficult to overcome the prejudice against all things connected with Christianity.

This i~ a critical time and the Boys' Department of the World's Committee of the Y. M. C. A. has secured the help of the well-known writer of boys' books, Mr. Basil Mathews, formerly of London, to supply attractive and helpful literature of the right sort for the boys of Europe. A magazine, JVoTld Youth, is published at Geneva and is now distributed in thirty-one countries. The World's Committee expect, as soon as possible, to have editions translated and published in various languages other than English. It also plans to publish pamphlets on the Christian education of boy" for leaders, on boys' problems, the development of a true sporting spirit and on Bible study for boys. Many Americans, such as Washington and Lincoln and other famous charact.ers, are idealized by European youth and a series of biographies is being prepared, including the lives of Lincoln, David Livingstone, the Czech hero Mazaryk, Wilfred Grenfell, Theodore Roosevelt and otbers, preparing the way for a popular boys' Life of Christ.

The evils of intemperance, immorality and communism must be overcome in the present generation, Christian ideals must be interpreted to the youth of Europe so that they will not confuse Christianity with superstition, formalism or capitalism.

The hope for all these cOll'ntries is in the education of the youth so as to give them a sympathetic understanding of Christ, His teachings and His way of life.

THE INFLUENCE OF POLYGLOT HOMJ<~ MISSIONS T HE Home Missionary societies of the United States are fac- ing a missionary task of world proportions, in a nation more extensively polyglot than any other country in the world. The foreign.born white popUlation of the United States numbers

over 20,000,000 people and an equal number are of foreign parentage -'–One third of the population. The foreign language press includes over 1,500 periodicals with a circulation of ahout 10,000,000. These people of foreign nationalities come from every nation under the sun. They include four million Italians, three million Poles, eight hundred thousand Bohemians, five bundred thousand Hungarians, four hundred thousand Greeks, and an equal number of Russians.

The Jews number between three and four million. How is nnity to be brought about in the midst of this diversity?

Among these numerous nationalities, our Christian home mis- sionaries are dealing with racial groups, and teaching them more and more to cooperate with each other. Friendships between the missionaries of various nationalities are strong and abiding, although their fathers in Europe have been historic enemies. The love of Christ has constrained these missionary offspring to forget their inherited prejudices. They are being molded together in their de- votion to our common Lord. Spiritual processes are going forward, resulting from the consecrated work of our foreign-speaking mis- sionaries, which contain within themselves spiritual potencies and the promise of a brighter day.

In the future the influence of America must more and more be exerted for the spiritual transformation of the other nations of the earth. What God is planning for America and for the world through America's influence, will be helped forward by devoted home mis- sionaries who, in the face of untold difficulties and perplexities, are interpreting the Gospel of our Lord Jesus Christ with fine spirit, self-denial and loyalty. c. L. W • . ORGANIZED GOOD VB. ORGANIZED EVIL MANY of the forces of evil are united under the urge of selfish gain or mutual protection, and occupy new fields with ease while they tenaciously hold to their former vantage points. Although the Kingdom of God cometh not with observation and its· organized expressions of activIty do not reflect its full strength and influence, yet we must do our utmost to solidify our visible positions, while the invisible and invincible forces fight for Christianity with the spiritual weapons of the Spirit. This is seen in all moral crises and in the tidal waves of great reforms. The social implications of Christianity and the appreciation of its saving message are understood by those who for various reasons. are not numbered with the people who openly avow their acceptance of Jesus Christ as Saviour and Lord. To attract and attach such people to the fold of Christ is the constant effort of faithful missionaries_ This makes it necessary to study the cities and suburban districts anew, to cooperate with other Christian agencies and to occupy new fields as the need arises.

Congress on Christian Work in

America BY ROBERfl' E. SPEER, NEW YORK Author of "South American Problems:' etc.; Chairman of the Committee on Cooperation in Latin America T HE Congress was held in Montevideo, March 29th to April 8th and those of us who had been at the Congress in Panama in 1916 could not fail to be impressed both with the likeness and the unlikeness of the two gatherings. The Panama Conference represented the whole of Latin America, while the meeting in Montevideo dealt with South America alone, the countries around the Caribbean planning to hold a distinct conference of their own in Mexico City or Havana in the summer of 1926. The languages, the atmosphere, the fundamental problems and some of the personalities which enter!'ld into the Panama meeting were at Montevideo also, but in at least three particulars the present meeting registered, as it ought, a great advance.

In the first place the largest element in the Panama Congress was from the home churches in the United States. That Congress was English rather than Latin, but at Montevideo the leadership was unmistakably in the hands of the South Americans. The representatives of the home boards were there to serve and help but the President and Chairman of the Congress was Snr. Erasmo Braga of Brazil, the official language was Spanish, and the daily bulletin was printed in Spanish, not in English as at Panama. All the reports of the Commissions at Panama were printed in English only and were presented in English, while at Montevideo they were printed also in Spanish or Portuguese and most of them were presented in these languages. Almost all the evening speakers and most of those who discussed the reports were nationals and used their national languages. It was clear that the national churches were coming to their true place.

In the second plac~ it was encouraging to see the growth of these evangelical churches of South America in strength and competence since the Panama gathering. In most of the South American countries the number of communicant members in the Protestant churches is still small but they are wielding a great influence, altogether out of proportion to their number and have an increasingly capable body of ministers and in Brazil are numerically a strong element. Again and again in the Conference the strong delegation from Brazil made it plain that their churches were not negligible and despised forces in Brazil but had won their place and were wieldiIj.g t4eir influence in the national life. They claimed more than 511

~o,ooo Sunday-school scholars. The Presbyterian Church of Brazil, which is an entirely independent church, reported 150 self-supporting congregations. One of these churches in Rio had a membership greater than all the evangelical communicants in Colombia and Venezuela.

In the third place it soon appeared that the work had grown far beyond the problems of the Panama meeting. Questions which were then uppermost had now fallen into the background, while new problems had emerged revealing the maturer and firmer grasp of the evangelical churches upon their task and the broader and deeper influence they were exerting in the life of South America. In Panama, for example, the outstanding question was perhaps the question of the legitimacy of mission work in Latin America, supposed to be the territory of the Roman Oatholic Church, and of the attitude of the Protestant churches to the Roman Catholic Church. Aspects of this question emerged at Montevideo but the movement had already transcended it. The evangelical churches were as sure of their functions and of their rights and duties as their sister churches in other lands. They knew that they were as truly and legitimately a part of the national life of Brazil or Chile or Argentina as any other institutions and that it was preposterous for any – one to question their right to be or to receive. help from the stronger churches of other lands.

With regard to social problems also the South American churches have made a great advance. They have always heen strongly evangelistic. Nowhere have the churches been built more firmly on the Bible, and nowhere perhaps has there been less uncertainty as t'O the great evangelical fundamentals. None of this has been lost 'but it has been ~tter under/3'tood and the churches' are moving forward in brave fidelity to the i{}tmpel to take their proper place in the great social movements which are -pervading the whole body of South American life today.

– But while the Montevideo Congress was truly South American it heartily welcomed the delegations from abroad. In that it was truly representative of the attitude of South America. Those who think that the evangelical churches of North America and Europe are unwelcome in South America are unaware of the facts. All help from without, economic, moral and religious; is welcom~ in South America if it is offered in the right spirit and in true recognition of the rights of the South American people. In every way the group from the United States was shown the utmost good will ahd friendship. This was true in the Congress, and many of us have come back from South America enriched by many new and enduring friendships with the able and devoted men who are leading the work of the evangelical churches.

This was true also outside of the Congress. The only adverse

1921i1] THE CONGREsS ON OHRISTIAN WORK IN SOUTH AMERIOA

note charging the American group with intrusion and the effort to impose an undesired thing on South America came from a daily paper and from a weekly periodical published in Buenos Aires by foreigners in the English language. The South American people had no such attitude. The Brazilian Government sent an official representative to share in the discussion of the Indian Problem. The Uruguayan Consul at Sao Paulo came at the instance of his Gov- ernment to offer all facilities in reaching Montevideo and the Presi- dent and Minister of Foreign Affairs when we called received u.s with all the friendliness appropriate. The President of Chile spoke to our American deputation as cordial words as any man could pos-" sibly speak, and educational and philanthropic leaders did everything in their power to indicate good will and welcome. Only ignorant people can speak of Protestant missions in South AmeriCBI as an intrusion. They are there at the earnest invitation of the people and are cooperating with the evangelical churches in work more vital to those nations and more desired by them even than commercial development.

~ The experience of the delegation from the United States, from first to last, was more delightful and profitable than anyone could have anticipated. Forty-five members left New York on February 28th on the Southern Cross and were joined in Brazil ap.d at Montevideo by others who had gone ahead until our number reached fifty-five. The group on the Southern Cross included Bishop and Mrs. McConnell, the Rev. Dr. oW. W. Crowe and Mrs. Crowe of St. Louis, Dr. Frank K. Sanders, Dr. and Mrs. D. J. Fleming, Professor H. A. Holmes of the University of New York, a group of fine Methodist leaders like Dr. Brown of Buffalo, Mr. Day of Canton, Ohio, Dr. Barclay and Dr. Hargraves of Chicago, Mrs. Robert E. Speer, Mrs. James S. Cushman, Miss Dabb and others of the Young Women's Christian Association, Dr. L. B. Wolf, laymen like Mr. Bowman and Mr. Gilmore of Chicago, Mr. Fred McMillan of Des Moines, Mr. and Mrs. Lewis B. Alger of Detroit, with Dr. Orts Gonzales, Mr. and Mrs. Inman, and others v,rho made up as congenial a com- pany as could be gathered. At Montevideo they were joined by others like Dr. Egbert Smith of the Southern Presbyterian Foreign Missions Committee, Dr. Mac Gregor, Mrs. Gilmore and Miss Anne T. Reid of the Presbyterian Board, who had been making a deputation visit, Mr. and Mrs. R. A. Doan, Mr. F. P. Turner, Mr. Babcock of the International Committee of the Y. M. C. A. and others. One would like to name everyone of the American company in recognition of the good cheer and help which they gave on every side from the beginning to the end.

The trip on the Svuthern Cross was a good anticipation of the Congress. Meetings were held each day for the consideration of the Commission Reports which were to be presented at Monte- 2

MISSIONAEiY RJilVlJilW 0]' TlI1!J WORLD

video and for prayer and fellowship, so that no delegates were better prepared to share in the discussions. As a matter of fact, however, when they arrived at Montevideo and realized how far we had advanced beyond Panama, the American visitors fell at once into the background and rejoiced with sincere joy, knowing something more of the missionary meaning of the words in the Gospel of John, "The friend of the bridegroom which standeth and heareth him rejoiceth greatly beeause of the bridegroom's voice: this my joy therefore is fulfilled. He must increase but I must decrease."

There was no mistake about the increase. And it was a joy to see the quality of leadership which the Spirit of God has developed in the South American churches. The strongest delegation naturally was from Brazil. There are more evangelical communicants in Brazil twice over than in all the rest of South America, and this group was the outstanding group, with men like Erasmo Braga, Alvaro Reis, Mattathias Gomez dos Santos, and Otoniel Motto. But there were good strong men from the other countries also: Gatti- 'noni, Tallol). and Penzotti from Argentina; Figueroa, Valenzuela and Maufras from Chile; Wall from Peru; Ballock, Monteverde and Griot from Uruguay. Capable women also had come, Senoritas Andrade and Barreiros of Brazil, Cortes and Fracchia of Argentina; but it was evident that the woman leadership of the churches needs to be brought forward to the men's. It is strange that there has been so little direct evangelistic work by women missionaries for women in South America.

One of the most interesting things in the personnel of the CongTess was the presence of a group of South Americans who represent that company of people not connected with the evangelical churches who are deeply concerned over the spiritual, moral and social needs of the continent, and who are seeking earnestly for help. Gabriela Mistral, the Chilean poetess, a woman of deep devotion and spirituality, who still hopes for life from the Roman Catholic Church, had hoped to come but could not do so. A remarkable little company had come from Chile, however-Dr. and Mrs. Salas Marchant, Dr. Enrique Molino, Dr. Cora Mayers and Senora Berta de Johnson. Dr. and Senora Ernesto Nelson also of Argentina came and remained throughout. Some of these friends had come for a conference on educational work, arranged by the educational missionaries. It was interesting to see their attitude. It was Dr. Nelson who proposed, when the findings of the educational meeting Were brought in, that they should be stated clearly and avowedly as relating to evangelical schools. These friends stayed as the guests of the Congress and both gave and received richly. One evening, called "The Evening of the Open Heart," they spoke of their own position and of the present situation in South America. On a later'evening the national evangelical leaders opened their hearts in return. On still another

1925J THE CONGRESS ON CHRISTIAN WORK IN SOUTH AMERICA

evening European delegates who came from Spain, France, and Italy spoke.

At these evening meetings an attempt was made to survey in part, for the benefit of the visitor!,?, the present-day movements in South American thought and life, under such subjects as "Important Currents in Latin America Life of Today," "The Women's Move- ment in South America," "The Indian Problem," "Public Health." On one evening Mr. R. A. Doan and Senior Alvaro Reis spoke on "How to Secure for Christ His Rightful Place in the Life of the World." On another evening, ex-President Balthasar Brum of Uruguay spoke of "Latin America's Part in International Friend- ship. " And on the last evening a public official from Paraguay ap- pealed for help for his country; Dr. Salas Marchant, one of the most respected men in Chile, gave thanks for the Congress and pointed out the need in South American education for just those things for which the Congress stood j the Rector of the University of Montevideo sent his greetings to the students of North America; Snr. Mattathias Gomez dos Santos spoke on "Currents of Thought in South America" and Dr. Karl Fries of Geneva spoke on "International Peace," setting forth the larger evangelical view and quoting some one's remark to the effect" If Rome chooses to be sectarian that is no reason why we should not be catholic."

There was a beautiful spirit of friendship and prayer throughout the Congress. All who desired gathered informally at eightthirty each morning for prayer and at eleven-thirty the whole Congress was led in its devotions with a special devotional address. The leaders of these hours were Dr. H. C. Tucker of Brazil, Dr. D. J. Fleming and Mrs. Speer of New York, Sr. Carlos Auraujo of Spain, Sur. Nemeseo d'Almeida and Miss Hyde of Brazil, Dr. Egbert W. Smith of Nashville, Sr. E. Galland of Uruguay, M. Albert Cordier of France and Dr. Charles "V. Drees who has been for over fifty years a missionary of the Methodist Episcopal Church in South America.

The family spirit of the Congress was greatly promoted by the fact that we all lived together under one roof, the Hotel Pocitos. It was a good type of the South American summer hotel frequented by the well-to-do people from the interior, and the season had just ended so that the whole hotel was taken for its closing fortnight. All ate together in the great dining hall and it was arranged that the delegates should be moved from table to table, each under a different hostess, until we were acquainted. The meetings of the Congress were held in one of the sun parlors immediately over the sea, so that the music of the surf was ever present and through the windows one looked off over the wide mouth of the Rio de Ia Plata and the Atlantic Ocean.

The main work of the Congress, of course, Was the study and

discustlion of the reports of the twelve Commissions, made up of contributions by the missionaries and evangelical church leaders in the different South American countries. These had been printed in English, Spanish and Portuguese and were in the hands of all the delegates before the discussions, so that each topic was taken up with a broad basis of intelligent information and understanding already assured. The subjects of these twelve reports were: 1. Occupation of the Field; 2. Indian s; 3. Education; 4. Evangelism; 5. Social Movements; 6. Health Ministry; 7. The Church in the Community; 8. Religious Education; 9. Literature; 10. Relations between Foreign and National Workers; 11. Special Religious Problems; 12. Cooperation and Unity. All the reports were valuable and some of them simply invaluable, presenting such a survey of the present social, moral and spiritual situation in South America as cannot be found anywhere else.

These reports took for granted the reports made at Panama in 1916. They presented a remarkable review of the social and moral developments in South America during the past decade and they contained many new notes. They were made up of contributions from each regional area so that one gets from them a survey of present conditions in each nation with enough of a generalized view of the trends in the whole of Latin America.

The first report gives a summary of the advance in the work in South America since the Panama Congress to 1924.

The number of organized churches in the continent has grown from 856 to 1,283, an increase of 50%. The communicant memberShip has added 29,029, which is almost one-fourth of the present total membership (122,266), and a 31% increment over the membership of 1916 (93,237).

The total Evangelical community (including known adherents and all under Christian instruction except Sunday-school pupils) has more than doubled. It has grown from 122,875 to 251,196, an increase of 128,321. The number of Sunday-school pupils and teachers has increased from 50,739 to 108,599, a gain of over 100%.

To the staff of national Christian workers 662 have been added. From 1,342 it has grown to 2,004, a gain of slightly over 5070. During the eight years 529 new foreign missionaries have entered the continent-approximately 30% of the present total number of workers from abroad (1,736).

The number of outstations and other places exclusive of residence stations, where worship and preaching are conducted, has grown by 1,296, from 895 to 1,191, a gain of over 6970. The Evangelical centers or resident stations have increased by 98, from 267 to 365, a gain of 37%.

The largest numerical advance, both actual and proportionate, has been made in Bral'il; Argentina and Chile follow next in order. In Brazil the total Evangelical community has more than doubled, the communicant church membership has increased more than one-third, the number of organized churches more than one-half, the national workers have grown nearly 100%, the ordained Brazilian ministers 33%. Forty-five new central or residence stations have been established. Other places of preachin{l and worship have grown from 364 to 1,765, an almost fivefold gain.

1925J THE CONGRESS ON CHRISTIAN WORK IN SOU'l'H AMERICA

The report on "The Indians of South America" is the best brief statement on the subject available and in its discussion the Congress had the benefit of the help of Dr. Horto Barbosa of Brazil, a wise and devoted official of the Brazil Government dealing with the Indian population of that country, and representing the most enlightened and benevolent principles of Indian administration. No better statements of educational and social movements are available than the reports of the two commissions on these subjects. This is the first such conference where "Religious Education" has been dealt with in a separate and adequate way. An admirable report was well presented and thoughtfully discussed. The report on "Literature" could show a great mass of achievement since Panama and opened a field where it was agreed that far greater cooperation is possible. The subject of "Relations Between Foreign and National -WTorkers" was treated with surprising harmony and good will and the report sets forth two interesting and diverse methods of dealing with the problem. Mr. Mackay of Peru, representing the Free Church of Scotland, who was one of the most helpful forces in the Congress, had drafted the remarkable report on "The Special Religious Prob- Iems of South America," tr€ating of five such problems: "Racial Comprehension," "Contemporary Religious Consciousness," "The Roman Catholic Church," "Minor Religious Influences, Theosophy, Spiritism and Positivism" which have been far more influential in South America than in the United States, and "The Problem of Evangelical Work and Progress." Bishop Oldham presented the report on "Cooperation and Unity," and those principles underlay every report and discussion.

Among the many new notes in the reports not the least notable were the presentation of health conditions and necessities and the clear, true, proportional expression of the social obligation of the Church and its relation to the community. After reviewing the conditions in each geographical area, the latter report set forth a most satisfactory statement on "The Individual Gospel and the Social Gospel" and closed with three sections on "Latin American Feeling as to Some Policies of the United States," "The Secret of the Slow Progress of the Evangelical Work," and" Further Conclusions Regarding the Development of Christian Work in the Future." All missionary students would do well to get a full report of the Montevideo Congress which will contain these Commission Reports and also summaries of the discussions upon them. The report will be issued in two volumes by the Fleming H. Revell Company at the price of four dollars.

This Congress at Montevideo believed that it should be free to express its mind on the various topics before it and it did so in a series of 106 Findings on the suhjects of the twelve Commission Reports. A half-day was devoted to each report- and then for two

half-days the Congress divided into six sections each of which took np two reports and drafted conclusions upon them. These were carefully studied, revised and coordinated by the general business committee and then the Congress devoted a full day to considering and adopting them. They represent a rare degree of unity of mind and spirit. They are of course only the resolutions of a general conference and are binding on no one, but they embody the experi- ence and judgment of the group of men and women best able to advise us with regard to these things and it is certain that both the churches and missions in South America, and the Boards at home will be guided by the reports of those happy, fruitful days at Mon- tevideo.

One of the last of the Findings urges a common name for the Evangelical churches in South America: This Congress advises that the Churches should be known under a common name, the denominll:tionaI name being placed in a parenthesis fol· lowing, so that the name would read, "The Evangelical Church of Brazil (Presbyterian)," "The Eyangelical Church of Brazil (Methodist)," etc.

And the first Finding sets forth the general view of the Congress as to the need of the great field it was passing in review: South America holds a large and rapidly growing place in the life of the world. Capital and people, are pouring in from the older and over- crowded countries to develop its immense natural resources and occupy its fertile plains. There exist here all the conc1itions that make for great movements and great consequences to humanity. The wisest development, therefore, of the political, economic and social life of the continent, as well as its impact on the world, make imperative that South America shall be enabled to have the highest spiritual development. The great problem of both continents, north and south, is a religious problem. While on the one hand the masses have inadequate opportunity to rise out of their deep economic, intellectual and spiritual poverty, the directing classes remain largely indifferent to religion as· a vital factor in human progress.

There are not wanting, however, signs of great promise. Recent years have witnessed in some of the countries extraordinary progress in democracy. There are abundant evidences of a new idealism, particularly amongst the educated youth. There is a new sense of responsibility on the part of the directing classes in most of the countries. A significant social awakening is stirring great sections of the people, especially the industrial classes, and there is a new responsiveness, on the part of a growing and influential group, to Christ and His program for humanity. These new signs add urgency to the problem confronting the Ohristian forces in South America.

'1'11e forces as yet at work in South America are wholly inadequate to the largeness and especially to the urgency of the task. Not only are large areas almost completely devoid of spiritudal ministration, but great groups of society are given little opportunity to come into contact with vital religion. We would urge the importance of greatly strengthening the evangelical forces of the continent. Especially do we feel that the time has come for increased emphasis on intensiveness in the cultivation of the Latin-American field. That so much of spiritual result has been achieved with so little of material equipment is a distinct evidence of the Divine approval of the evangelical work. Weare deeply of the conviction; however; that the providential indications

THE CONGRESS ON CHRISTIAN WORK IN SOUTH AMERICA

now point toward emphasis on qualitative rather than quantitative effort. So thoroughly do we feel this that we would look with favor upon the con- centration of our extended lines of occupation upon the points where the highest quality of work can be done.

The peoples of South and North America absolutely require the ministry which Christianity has to offer, and the ever-growing place of these countries in the life of the world makes it imperative that they be adequately fur- nished with the forces that make for the establishment of the Kingdom of God on earth.

Some of us had thought in gomg to Montevideo that the Congress might issue in the establishment in South America of a Continental Field Committee on Cooperation to which a great deal of the work of the Committee on Cooperation in Latm America in New' York might be transferred. This latter Committee grew out of the Panama Congress and is made up of representatives of the Boards of the United States and Canada which are at work in Latin America. It arranged for the Montevideo Congress and has acted thus far as the central agency of cooperation in the whole Latin America field. The Congress, however, did not deem a continental committee either practicable or desirable. It believed that Brazil, and the Republics of the Rio de la Plata, and Chile and Bolivia and Peru, and the northern countries had different problems which could best be dealt with by regional committees, while the Committee in New York should continue to act as the central coordinating committee. Accordingly the Congress laid on this Committee a great burden of new tasks in the field of literature, educational and health survey, and in the promotion of evangelism, religious education, interest in the Indians, and cooperative helpfulness. It became clear that the Congress was to be, not the close of a decade which began with Panama, but the beginning of a new day of effort and faith and fellowship in the work of the evangelical churches in South America. The twelfth Commission closed its report with these words: Interdenominational and international cooperation is possible only when men or groups trust one another and have in their central loyalty to Christ a bond of union stronger than any of the tendencies toward division.

The problems which these advanced steps involve in the field of interdenominational action are not different in kind from those which exist inside each denomination. Interdenominational trust and unity, even international trust and unity, rest on the same principles as intradenominational trust and unity. They all evolve one simple problem: Can the diversity of the body be preserved in the unity of the Head for an aggressive servi~e for humanity Y This is the challenge faced by the Montevideo Congress.

The Congress did not fail. It is for the Churches now, both in North and in South America to meet this test as fairly and as well as their representatives met it at Montevideo.

ECHOES FROM THE MONTEVIDEO CONGRESS "Lack of trust in God and of confidence in humankind is it contributing cause of the jealousy and suspicion which so often in the past have broken out

into open hostility between nations and races. On the other hand, those who have heen in the thick of the struggle for t11e advance of humanity have been men who have been able to maintain their confidence in God and in their fellowmen. It is in such a spirit of trust and confidence that this Congress proposes to face the vital problems of South America. Pessimism shall have no place in our councils." DR. ERASMO BRAGA.

"God is in South American life in a new way. Evidence of this is to he found in the way in which young people are e;'erywhere devoting them- selves altruistically to the service of humanity, working with devotion and enthusiasm for popular enlightenment and uplift. Many of these young people do not know themselves as Christians but they have been moved by what is the essential spirit of the Gospel, and they will sooner or later find themselves in accord with those instrumentalities which are doing the work of Christ in South America. . . . Behind institutions, creeds and services, there is a new life that gives the best results in all endeavors, whether civic, political, social, or religious, and it is in this new life that we find encourage- ment for the future." • DR. JOHN MACKAY OF LIMA .

, "We are here to push out the limits of our life and thought. We are not to add anything to Christ and the truth that has come in Him, but we are to make fresh discoveries in this truth and new demands upon this power. Christianity does not flinch from such fresh examinations. The more we subject it to tests of life and the world, the more we discover that what. is needed is there. . . . We are here in this Congress to discover how rich and varied the Christian Gospel is. . . . This is not a correction or enlargement of Christianit.y. It is simply the discovery of what is already there and waits to be drawn out and made use of now in South and North America alike, and in all the world." ROBERt' E. SPEER.

* "We have assumed without argument the fact of the living Christ. This is the essential which binds us together. We are to make Christ-like men in the name of the Christ-like God. When we try to make clear to one another our theories about Christ we find profuse diversity of view, but we work together on the assumption that the living Christ is with us…. Only a Christ who has meaning for the whole creation is great enough to meet the needs of Europe and North America and South America."

•• BISHOP MCCONNELL .

"The vision of God, to be a true vision, must be a vision of the Ohrist.

. We must look upon the vision which God Himself' sees, that vision of the needs of mankind held before us by the Christ. It is to those looking thus upon the needs of men that the truest understanding of God comes. We are to be laborers together with God . . . . If God and men are to work to- gether there is a nobler gaze still, that upon the world in the redemption of which,the divine passion and the passion of men merge together in the com- mon task." BISHOP MCCONNELL.

DR. ERASMO BRAGA, the President of the Montevideo Congress, is the leader of evangelical forces in Brazil. He is the son of devoted evangelical Christians, a graduate of Mackenzie College, Brazil; a former teacher in the Campinas Gymnasium (a State college), and in the Presbyterian Theological Seminary in Campinas. He is now secretary of the Committee on Cooperation of Evangelical Churches and Missions in Brazil.

SECTION iN THE MISSIONARY EXPOSITION TN

Rome's Missionary Exposition A Protestant View of an Elaborate Presentation of Missionary Work of the ROtIl4n Catholic Church Recently Shown at the Vatican T HE chief attraction of the Holy Year in Rome is the Mission- ary Exposition in the group of temporary buildings occupy- ing that portion of the Vatican Gardens to the west which faces the slopes of the famous Monte Mario.

The plan of the exposition was projected, it is said, by Pope Pius XI himself, and carried into execution under the direction of the Archbishop-Secretary of the Department of the Propagation of the Faith, the general Foreign Missions Board of the Catholic Church. Ten large structures were erected, each measuring approximately 200 feet by 50 feet. Several smaller tributary buildings were also provided to house particular features while one corridor of the Vatican Museum, 400 feet in length, is given over to missionary display.

The Catholic Missionary Societies, which under the Department of Propaganda di F:ede are apportioned their respective fields of labor in the various countries, have each their separate and valied exhibits representing these territories. From the ends of the earth these exhibits come, andtha total is tremendous. The Franciscans 521

(known as the" little brothers of St. Francis"), the Jesuits (Companions of Jesus), the Mill Hill Fathers (London), Capuchins, Oblates of Mary Immaculate, the Salesians (followers of Father di D. Bosco), Carmelites, Assumptionists, Foreign Missions of Paris, of Lyons, the Congregation of the Holy Cross of Montreal and Notre Dame, Vincentian Fathers and others-all had their territory to represent and their space in this huge missionary museum.

INTERESTING RooMS Of many interesting rooms there might be mentioned especially the Holy Land assignment, the Hall of Martyrs and the Canadian section. The Holy Land area, on a low platform, shows a large terra cotta relief (18 feet by 12) of Palestine from Lebanon to the Dead Sea. This shows in striking detail the places of our Lord's jour1iey- ings. Around the walls on sup- porting stands are models in wood of the Church of the Holy Sepul- chre, of the Nativity, and the Basilica of Tabor, and further relief maps of .Jerusalem, Calvary and Bethlehem. '['he walls were laden with canvas portraying the Nativity, the visit of the Magi, the WAX FIGURES TO SHOW CUSTOMS Samaritan, etc., while in glass cases are pieces of handwork of the country.

In the Hall of Martyrs are martyr scenes, where more than 100 missionaries surrender to a martyr death. In the middle of the room are cases containing ropes, chains, instruments of torture and execution and pieces of the stained and knife-marked clothing of missionaries who sacrificed their lives. There are the sandals of a missionary in which he traveled the African deserts, parts of a tree-trunk to which another wall bound, and hanging from a pillar are sabres used by the assassins in the Boxer riots. A wooden slab is exhibited on which appears the death sentence of a native Chinese preacher. There are also the breviary and sandals of Francis Xavier of India and a statue of the Gregory, who, seeing theAngles "slaves of fair complexion," said, "these are Angels rather," and dispatched preachers to the Isles of Britain.

The Canadian room shows Manitoba and Keewatin, the Yulwll, Mackenzie arid Athabasca, frontier points of early geography. A statue of Father Marquette, companion of Joliet, a copy in plaster of that in Washington, is in the center. Perhaps no other missionary has been given such prominence unless it be Francis Xavier, whose huge statue stands with cross and rosary, and. who is shown

ROME'S MISSIONARY EXPOSIT'ION

also in a painting as departing from Rome March 16, 1540, receiving the blessing of Ignatius Loyola, founder of the Jesuit order.

The room is filled with native northwest products, wearing apparel, various woods, grains and animals. Photos, mittens, sleds canoes, skins, spear-heads, snow-shoes, and the like make a great display.

STRANGE OOUNTRffiS Many countries are vividly portrayed–India, Sudan, Uruguay, Gold Coast, Borneo, Madagascar, and others.

A monk who had been a worker in the Sudan told of the Mohammedan work, of its diffi- culty and peril. He said he had some fellowship with Protestant missionaries, depending on -their type making fellowship possible, and admitted that others might belong to – the One Fold. He pointed out the model of his African hut, showed the tribal amulets, described the Sudan flat- tailed sheep, the native jagged arrows tipped with iron, the hair- dressing of the folk in Mada- gascar, and models of churches in wood. There are also the life- sized figures of an East Afdcan martyrdom of some Benedictine mission workers from Bavaria.

The work of the Mill Hill MODEL OF THliJ CRunCH OF THE Fathers in Borneo is set out by HOLY SEPULCHRE canvas, photo, natural product Made of oJtve wood and inlaid with mother-of-penrI.

and manufactured models. A large painting portrays Borneo peoples and scenes. Twenty smaller paintings illustrate the devout life of Father Westerwouldt, and around were clustered native goods, dresses, knives, lances, idols in wood, vases, water-buckets, basket-mats, rude boat models, plows or plow-substitutes, arrow- heads, and above, a model of the house in which the missionary lived.

PARTICULAR EXHIBITS Certain exhibits impressed their missionary character strongly. A leper compound in Burmah, of the Foreign Missions of Paris, showed a central administration and staff building modeled in wood. About the enclosure were houses for school, a hospital for children, another for women, dormitories, chapel, gymnasium,etc., and a playground.

A H'awaiian leper colony at Molokai is shown at the foot of a mountain wall-picture while houses are made in plaster models. The photograph of the missionary, the books, the building tools of Father Damien are there and the story recounted in little placards.

Some exhibits are exceedingly personal. A Bengal hut, built full size of basket-withes and straw and set out in the courtyard, shows a life-size wax figure of a man who sits smoking a long pipe with a sort of nicotine water-bowl. Near by is his wife with the little black youngster grinding wheat with a wooden stick in a jar. In the midst of this appears a challenge to the worker, from a placard on the wall: "What's yet to be done for BengalV-15,OOO native Catnolics, 19,000,000 pagans with but 19 priests, one to a million; 2,200 children in Catholic schools, 8,000,000 yet to reach."

The corridor of the Vatican proper was given over to statistics and lliodels, a bewildering assembly of photos, calendars, charts, graph lines. Records of progress during a decade show 4,000 converts in 1899 and 28,000 in 1923. Then there are models of Chinese boats in a score of sizes, girls' schools, idols, mummy cases, pagodas, temples, and of the chapel-car work in the United States.

GENERAL DEDUC'fIONS Among all this one could not fail to note, however, two things. First, the points of emphasis, and second, the omissions.

The bulk of the labor has been expended 'on the great museumlike exhibits of the countries, their products and their people. The next stress is laid on statistics, of membership and growth. Lastly emphasis has been put on forms of missionary work. Owing to the fact that missionary task must be of necessity a personal and spiritual contact this could not be easily displayed.

One's thought reverts to what seem to be unexpected Catholic omissions. Perhaps those features most held by Protestant critics as undesirable in Catholicism are the ones that do not appear or are not emphasized as important. Whatever the intention, one wonders if these things might not be permanently omitted, to the advantage of the Church. The heathen have enough of holy water, and have their own prayer devices of beads and wheels. They have sufficient incense and sacerdotal robes aud a goodly supply of images and shrines. They have enough of the religion of things and cry out for the contact and power of the Spirit of God.

'There was here no display of these material accessories of worship-no figures of the crurifix, no miraculous fonts of holy water. Prayers to the saints or an exaltation of the Madonna, or masses for purgatorial relief do not here appear to be a part of Roman • Catholic worship. With less evidence of rigidity and ritualism and an addition of school-work of higher grade the exposition might almost represent the missionary effort of Protestant missions:

l. S. PROKHANOFF IN HIS CHt:R CH IN t.FlN'lNGRAD. DECEMBER 29. 19

The Evangelical Christians in Russia BY NORUAN .J. SMITH, lT]<}W YORK n .AMERICA has had religious freedom from the beginning, but until the middle of the last century there was in Russia only one form of religion, that of the Greek Orthodox Church. This was under the despotism of a hierarchy to such an extent that the people for centuries were deprived of the quic.kening power and influence of the living Christ.

It was only seventy years ago, when the Bible was translated from the old Slavonic language into modern Russian, that the religious revival and reform movement in Russia began. Peasants and workmen, as well 8S men of the ini:ellipentsia, began to preach the Evangelical Gospel and the teachings of Christ, without compromise with the traditions of the Orthodox hierarchy. Souls were converted and regenerated by the Holy Spirit. New congregations and churches were formed, and gradually a national movement came into existence, called in the early days, "Stundism" and later "Evangelism. "

Seeing the success of the Evangelical movement, the Orthodox clergy inspired the Czar's government to take repressive measures against the Stundists. Acts of violence, imprisonment and exile 525

followed, with a strict prohibition against religious meetings, the printing of Evangelical literature or the establishing of religious schools outside the Orthodox Church. Many Evangelical Christians were sentenced by laTH courts or in administrative process to be imprisoned or exiled because they happened to speak on religious matters with a member of the Orthodox Church. This continued almost to the day of the revolution in ]918. Many suffered and died in exile in Siberia or the Caucasus, faithful martyrs for the Gospel's sake. All these persecutions, however, but f~hIfed the flame wliicb burned in the hearts of these believers, and thus the Evangelical movement grew and thrived.

Rev. I. S. Prokhanoff, of Leningrad, Russia, President of the All-Russian Union of Evangelical Churches, Director of the first Protestant Theological School in Russia, editor of The Christian, author of many religious hymns sung throughout Russia, and the leader of the Reformed churches and religious associations, is at present in America on a speaking tour. Mr. Prokhanoff speaks English and in his youth studied theology in England. ~'or the past forty years Mr. Prokhanoff has been a cO~lstent worker for Evangelical religious reform in his country, and is well known in America. A British journal recently referred to him as the most conspicuous figure in the religious life of Russia today. Mr. Prokhanoff has been for fourteen years a Vice-President of the Baptist World Alliance, having been first elected iu Philadelphia in 1911, during his absence; yet he comes to America from Leningrad in behalf of the Evangelical Christian Union of Russia. Mr. Prokhanoff has felt it his duty to remain through all the troubles, famines and epidemics which have swept over the country. Frequently he was urged to leave Leningrad during the periods of suffering, but always insisted that the leader of a religious movement must be like the captain of a ship, at his post to the last moment, even unto death. He says that the opportunities of the Gospel in Russia today are unprecedented and he has come to visit the Protestant churches of America and to inform them of the progress of the great Gospel movement in the East." The All-Russian Evangelical Christian Union consists of more than four thousand churches and groups scattered from the Baltic Sea to the Pacific Ocean and from the White Sea to the Black Sea. At Leningrad there are nine churches, totaling a baptized membership of over a thousand. The central church, where Mr. Prokhanoff preaches, was formerly owned by the French Reformed congregation. It now bears the name of Dom Spasenia (" The House of Salvation' '). The Leningrad Evangelical Christians also use a large church formerly the property of the German Reformed congregation, capable of seating 4,000 people, and filled with hearers at many of its services.

• He may be addressed in care of the Russia Evangelization Society. 156 Fifth Avenue. New York.

192&J THE EVANGELICAL CHRISTIANS IN RUSSIA

At Moscow the Evangelical Christians worship in the church of a very ancient monastery (Sretensky) in the center of the city, and have four other meeting places. In all the cities of Russia, like Kiev, Odessa, Kharkov and Nishninovgorod, there are active congregations, and in even the smaller towns and villages there are groups and congregations of Evangelical Christians, many times with only lay leadership.

The life of these Christians and the spiritual enthusiasm which prevails among them remind an outside observer of the church of Apostolic days. The doctrine is pure according to New Testament teachings. A sincere evangelism, primitive in its nature, permeates the ideals and practices of these cal·nest Christians. Evangeliza- tion is making steady progress, but at the same time attention is being paid t9 the spiritual growth and education and training of the individuals in every group.

On account of the vastness of the territory, the Evangelical Union is divided into seventy dis- tricts. Every church and group is governed by a council of work- ers, who are elected and re-elected everyone or two years. The dis- trict organization has for its pur- pose the promotion of the evan- gelistic, educational and puhlica- tion branches of the work.

The Council of the A 11- 1. S. ProkLanolf with his two sons, J a roslav Russian Union consists of dele- a~~alu~h~~~~it~o~~ad~a7e~o~Dda~:a~:~:~- gates from the seventy districts at the Bible SChOOl.

and promotes the work of the Evangelical Christian Church through- out Russia. General questions pertaining to the churches and groups are decided at the All-Russian Annual Conferences, but the decisions are not binding, being simply the brotherly counsel of the central organization. Thus unity of the whole work is combined with freedom of every branch, Every church or group has at least two preachers or evangelists, so that not less than eight thousand active workers are continually at work. Special missionaries are also supported by the district associations and by the All-Russian Union, and travel over the immense territory of Russia, preaching the Gospel of Salvation. The result is agrowth of existing groups and the continual forma-

tion of new groups. The work of these evangelists calls for courageous journeying, with much self-denial and the facing of many difficulties and privations.

For the education and spiritual growth of members, a number of experienced preachers visit church after church. Prayer-meetings, Bible study gronps and larger Bible conferences are arranged. As far as conditions allow, special attention is paid to the training of preachers and missionaries, for which purpose the Bible School at Leningrad is maintained. This institution was founded by Mr. Prokhanoff in 1913, and from it many workers have already been trained and sent out into the field.

In the beginning of this twentieth century there was established in Leningrad a publication section, from which have been issued during the last twenty years various periodicals, a series of hymn books and many religious books and tracts. This literature has produced a great quickening and reviving influence upon the Evangelical Christians, and has proved to be a powerful means of spreading the Gospel among the members of the Orthodox Church when used in conjunction with the messages from preachers and missionaries. At present, on account of the lack of funds, only the monthly periodical, The Christian, is published, while the number of tracts and booklets is far below the actual need for use of missionaries and preachers.

The prospects for the future of Evangelical Christianity in Russia are very encouraging. The spiritual thirst for the gospel message is very great in the people, who lost their faith in the old superstitions and are seeking a true, living religion. As a result the Evangelical meetings are crowded, in many cases people coming from a distance of from twenty to thirty miles.

In many villages preaching in a house is impossible because of the multitudes, so that the people gather first in the courtyard of a house, and then on the village street. Mter a one-hour sermon, the people ask for another sermon and then another until morning. When the majority have to go away to attend to their cattle and other duties, individua1s remain to converse with the missionary on personal questions.

Before the preacher has finished in this village men and women come from the neighboring village, and take him to a new place where the same story is repeated.

When one remembers that in Russia there are 80,000 villages, it is easy to see that several lifetimes would not be sufficient for the preacher to finish his travels; One district preacher, Mr. Zaharoff, recently told of a visit to his relatives in one of the villages in central Russia, where the people Hocked to the house so that he was obliged to come out and preach in the village street. The chairman and members of the V olispolkom (village council) came and suggested that a public

19251 THE EVANGELICAL CHRISTIANS IN RUSSIA

debate be arranged in the village hall. The Orthodox priest was invited but refused to say a word. Evangelist Zaharoff spoke on the necessity for every man to believe in God and in Christ Jesus, to accept the gospel message, and to become a living stone in the House of God. After he had finished, the people urged him to remain and preach the Gospel, offering him five churches. This is not an isolated incident, but has been repeated frequently over the vast territory. In some places the priests ask the Evangelical preachers to come to their churches and preach the Gospel.

LENINGRAD BIBLE SCHOOL OF EVANGELICAL CHRISTIANS Principal-I. S. ProkbanolY (term January 1 to July 1. 1924) .

"If the Union Council had a sufficient number of missionaries," says Mr. Prokhanoff, "the miracles of grace would in a very short time be consummated in the greatest Hcformation the world has ever seen."

At present the training of missionaries and preachers is carried on by the single Bible School existing in Leningrad, where thirtyseven pupils were in attendance during the past school year. Calls from the field require that more than 300 students should be in continual training at Leningrad, and similar schools should be established in ten principal districts throughout Russia. Lack of funds is at present the only hindrance to an increase in the number of those in training.

3

The All-Russian Evangelical Ohristian Union has received permission from the Government to print Bibles and New Testaments, and expects soon to receive permission to publish books and tracts in keeping with the demand. The possibilities of spreading the Gospel through this department are very great, and for the present, must be the substitute for unavailable missionaries and preachers.

THE SOVIETS AND EVANGELICAL OHRISTIANITY The attitude of the Soviet Government toward the All-Russian Evangelical Ohristian Union and other religious bodies is revealed by the fact that the foundation for freedom of conscience is guaranteed by the Oonstitution of the Republic. in a clause (No. 13), which says: "For all the citizens there shall be freedom for religious and anti-religious propaganda." Under the Ozar's regime no such religious propaganda was allowed. The Government has now accomplished the separation of the Ohurch from the State, although this was a very difficult problem where Ohurch and State have been united for centuries. In France more than one hundred years were required to effect a similar separation. At present all religions are equal before the law. The decree of separation contains one clause which guarantees to every citizen the right to make his own choice of religious forms and beliefs or to reject them all. Another clause strictly forbids perse<mtion or deprivation of any rights for religious reasons. The Government has issued special regulations for the legal registration of the churches, religious associations and their unions.

Religious meetings may be held freely upon th? ful1illment of certain formalities required by the Government. Evangelical and ?ther preacher~ may t:~v:el freely in all part;s of Ru~sia, proclaimmg the Gosper and Vlsltmg the churches Wlthout hindrance from the Gov.:~rnnient. Official permission is granted to the Evangelical OhristianUnion to have its own Bible School at Leningrad and to publish The Christian, and circulate it freely, as well as Bibles, New Testaments, and other religious literature.

This general religious policy of the Soviet Government was confirmed by the Thirteenth All-Russian Oommunistic Oonference, held at Moscow last June, which passed a resolution strictly forbidding any kind of insult to the religious sentiment of the popUlation and drawing favorable attention to the "Sectarians," that is, to all the Protestant religious organizations, because of their sobriety, industry and general usefulness in the economic restoration of Russia. From this it may be seen that religious freedom exists in Russia in a larger measure than under the old regime.

PRESENT CONDITION OF THE ORTHODOX OHURCH The spiritual powerlessness of the Greek Orthodox Ohurch became apparent at the separation of the Ohurch from the State. The

TIlE EVANGELICAL CHRISTIANS IN RUSSIA

deprivation of financial help from the Government was not so much the cause 01 th~ downfall 01 the Orthodox edifiee as the absence of sufficient spiritual power and ability to guide the Church through the crisis.

The priest, Krasnitsky, endeavored to start a reform movement and formed a group called "The Living Church," while the Arch- bishop (later Metropolitan) Antonine laid the foundation of "The Church of the Regeneration," and the Priest Vvdensky originated a group named "The Ancient Apostolic Ohurch." All these groups tried to introduce into the church services the modern Russian in- r – – – – – – – – – – – – – – , stead of the old Slavonic lan- guage, to simplify the various ritu- als, to facilitate marriage for cer- tain groups of the clergy, etc. But they were unable to imbue their organizations with the Spirit of Ohrist which alone could quicken into life the ancient Ohurch. An appeal to these newly formed groups of the Orthodox Ohurch was published by Mr. Prokhanoff in September, 1922, under the title of "The Gospel Oall" and 100,000 copies were sent to the prominent members of the Orthodox Ohurch and its clergy. The pamphlet set forth the fundamental principles of gospel evangelism, on which re- The Church of th~ , Sretensky monastery, forming efforts must be based and stated that in P.eirograd and the centl'a! meeting place of the Moocow Church of Evangelical Christians.

Moscow the Russian Evangelical Union was arranging special joint prayer-meetings on November 2, 1922, to which the leaders and members of all the above mentioned groups were invited to pray for a real Gospel Reformation in the lives of the people. The Metropolitan Antonine, Priest Krasnitsky, Kalinovsky and others, all expressed their sympathy with the idea, and Mr. Prokhanoff was invited to preach in one of the most ancient Orthodox churches in Moscow, which he did on September 17th of that year. This was a fulfilhnent of his prophecy, expressed thirty years before, when such a thing seemed to be absolutely incredible.

rfhe possibilities for the development of the Evangelical move- ment in Russia are great. There is scope for thousands of traveling evangelists to respond to the daily appeals received for men who can proclaim the Word of God. But the Union Council can send only a small number. The Oouncil could print Bibles, New Testaments,

etc., by hundreds of thousands, having permission from the Government, but they can do little at present compared with these possibilities.

The chief hindrance to the rapid and healthy growth of the Evangelical movement at the present time is the lack of funds. There is plenty of enthusiasm and great devotion to the work, but because of the shortage of money, the mission, educational and publication work is carried on only in a very limited way.

Under present conditions it is impossible to obtain this necessary financial help in Russia; there are no resources available. At the time of this crisis the leaders of the Evangelical movement in Russia recall the very timely aid which America rendered during the famine of 1891-92, and again in the great famine of 1922-23 when famine sufferers, including many members of the All-Russian Christian Union were helped with food sent through the American Relief Association. Whole families were saved from death by starvation through the timely receipt of food from America.

Today· there is a greater spiritual famine in Russia for which earnest Christians among the Protestant churches in America should hasten to send relief. The Soviet Government has granted permission for the receipt of such financial help by the All-Russian Christian Union. A great reformation is under way, and the spiritual regeneration of the Russian nation may be accomplished.

THE PLENARY CONFERENCE OF THE COUNCIL OF ALL-RU'SSIAN EVANGELICAL CHRISTIAN UNION AT LENINGRAD (JUNE 23 TO 29, 1924)

Christ's View of Nations and Races*

BY JOSEPH H. OLDHAM, LONDON, ENGLAND Editor of the Intern-aUonal Review' of Mis8ions H AS Christ a message to nations and races 1 In a deep and true sense, His message is addressed primarily to the in- dividual. 'Ve know of no way to bring about a better world except through the conversion of individual men and women. The Kingdom of God will come only as individual men and women by an individual act of repentance turn from false ideas and selfish ways and by an individual act 'of faith receive the new life which is the gift of God in Jesus Christ.

And yet, if we reflect on the extraordinary transformation which has taken place in the world since the missionary movement began, it will be apparent to all that Christ has a message for nations and races. Since the day when William Carey, more than a century ago preached his great missionary sermon, we have witnessed the invention of the steam engine, of the steamship, of the automobile, of the airship and the airplane, of telegraphy, of the telephone, and of wireless telegraphy. Accompanying these inventions, and largely due to them, we have seen fundamental changes take place in the structure of society. There has been the growth of industrial revolution with a social order based largely upon capital, and the growing power of organized labor. We have witnessed the extension throughout the world of representative governments, with power passing into the hands of the people. We have seen in the West and now beginning to come in Asia and Mrica the powerful factor of popular education. The extensive use of the printing press has come to exert enormous influence. There has been the rise of the highly organized bureaucratic institutions.

The increasing growth of international commerce and international finance has caused every part of the world to become economically dependent upon every other part. The keyword to the situation in the colonies in East Africa today is cotton. Why? It is because the mills of Lancashire cannot get from other sources a sufficient supply of raw cotton so that they have to develop new sources of supply. That is only one illustration of the way in which the fortunes of the different peoples of the world have become economically linked together.

All these new continents of human life and human activity which have come into existence during the pa!:lt century are just as much a part of the world to which the Christian witness must be borne as are the physical continents of Asia and Africa. The individuals in the world to whom we carry our gospel are members of nations • From an address at the Washington Foreign Missions Convention.

533

and races, and the sense of solidarity that they have with those of their own nation and their own race may color the whole texture of their minds.

I do not believe that there is anything in racial differences which need separate men from one another, or interfere with spiritual fellowship and unity, but when these racial differences are associ- ated, as they are in the world today, with different civilizations and different political and economic systems, then we may have in nationfll or racial solidarity, a fact that determines the attitude of men to those of other nations or races. This sense of nationality, or race, may thus come to constitute an insuperable barrier, so that men are unwilling to receive a message from those to whom they are nationally or racially opposed.

A hundred years ago those who were interested in the mission- ary cause were praying that doors might be open. Today, physically, the world is open to the preaching of the Gospel; but a very serious fact still remains to be faced in that, while the doors are physically open, there may grow up in men's minds that attitude which closes them to the reception of the Gospel. It is of no great advantage to missionaries to be physically present in lands where the Gospel is needed if there grows up through national and racial prejudice a consciousness which closes the minds of these people to these mes- sengers of the Gospel.

What then has Christ to say to us in this situation that touches the missionary cause at its very heart 1 I can speak here of only two adjustments, two personal changes, which, if we will allow our Lord Jesus Christ to reign over our hearts and lives, will give Him the opportunity of transforming the present situation.

In the first place, if our minds are converted, if, as St. Paul says, we are transformed by the renewing of our minds under the influence of the mind of Jesus Christ, then we shall be delivered from the constant danger of losing sight of the' individual in the nation or the race.

In the Christian scheme a man is intended to live in human relations with his fellows. Modern life, with its increasing com- plexity and organization, tends to make us forget this fundamental human and Christian truth. Today we deal with corporations rather than with individuals, with federations of employers, with organiza- tions of labor, with nation over against nation and race against race. . There is no more fundamental need of our modern life, than that of humanizing the relations of men with one another. The tendency all the time is to lose sight of the individual Indian in an abstraction which we call Indi~ of the individual Japanese with his human need and aspirations in an abstraction called Japan, of the individual Negro in an abstraction called the Negro race.

If we wish to be Christian, or truly human, we must rediscover

1925J CHRIS'l''S VIEW OF NA'l'IONS AND RACES

the individual in his unique and appealing individuality; we must see him as Christ saw him, as a human being who has human needs. The only power that can enable us to do that adequately is religious faith. On a naturalistic view of the world the individual has no such value. Human life, like plant life, is plentiful and cheap. The only real reason, if we think it out, why the individual has the kind of value that is attributed to him in the Christian view of things, is because there once lived on this earth a Carpenter who took upon Himself our human nature and conferred upon it an immeasurable dignity. Every individual, no matter to what race he belongs, is, therefore, an object of God's care and God's love, and must be an object of interest and love to those who understand God's purpose. Every individual, no matter how humble his circumstances, how backward his race, is an individual for whom Christ died.

It is this Christian view of things that will enable us to bring to this world situation what it sorely needs, the rehumanizing of the relations of men with one another through the discovery of the individual. That in itself will not solve our racial problems, but it will set to' work a new creative force without which no solution will be possible. The only equality that is worth talking about is the equality of mell as human beings.

In a family there are differences of gift and capacity, but the members know that they are equal as members of one family. Equality is quite irrespective of -differences of gift and capacity. Men are equal as human beings; and this Christian outlook enables us to see our fellow men in their human need and their human potentialities, as those who have been born to become sons of God. Here is a genuine equality within which all differences find their proper place.

Think what an emancipation it would be if we could break free from the prison house into which we shut ourselves by our hates and our prejudices and our fears and could breathe the ampler and freer air of a world in which nothing human is alien to us and in which we live in human relations with all of our fellow men.

St. Paul tells us that the end of the whole creative process, that for which the world is waiting anxiously, is the manifestation of the sons of God. I believe that the sons of God are those who, like the great Son of God Himself, live on earth with their fellow men of every class and of every race in the relation of human friendliness and helpfulness and love. That is what Christ will do for us, if we allow Him to reign over our hearts and minds.

The other change that Christ will bring about in us is that He will emancipate us from the error of supposing that differences between people are necessarily causes for antagonism. That idea is deeply implanted in the mind of our time. It must be rooted out. In works of science, we see that it is an utterly groundless assump-

tion, that because men are different they are necessarily antagonistic. A scientist who has recently devoted several hundred pages to the exact measurements of a human skull, on the last page makes an astonishing statement. After describing the great powers of the Yellow Race this writer says: "With this race (the Yellow Race) so richly endowed, the dominant White Race must engage in the greatest conflict in all its history."

What right had he to such a conclusion' There is no more reason, because the skulls of these two races differ in their measurements, that they should engage in a suicidal conflict than that I should strike my friend suddenly in the face, because I observe that he has dark eyes, while mine are light. Differences need not divide. They may enrich. They may be complementary as in the case of sexes. There is no more reason why races should :fight because they are different, than that husbands and wives should always be quarreling because they are different. St. Paul taught us a great truth, when he said that what constitutes a body is that it is made up of different parts. If it were all hands or all eyes, it would not be the body. Christ would help us reach the conception of human society that the different parts are complementary one to another.

Our task is to root out that idea and to plant in its place that truer conception of human society which Jesus Christ taught. We must assist the mind of our time to be captured by the much truer conception of a bewildered and groping humanity, a humanity born to a high destiny, called to sonship of God, but now held in fetters by poverty, by disease, by ignorance and by sin, and waiting for deliverance. If we can plant in men's minds this truer picture of the meaning of this strange and tragic scene of human life, we shall learn to think of all our fellow men as potential comrades in the great :fight against these enemies of human life, disease and poverty, and ignorance, and sin. We shall think of them as potential allies in the common search for truth and beauty and goodness, and as companions in that long, upward march toward the City of God.

That is the difference that Christ will bring to us, if we allow His conception of life to dominate our thoughts. By the grace of God we should dedicate our lives to Him to root out of men's minds the false ideas which dominate them and to plant in their minds those truer ideas of human relationship which we have received from our Lord Jesus Christ.

The future of civilization itMlf depends upon whether we achieve this task, on whether we can, with God's help, make the mind of our time more humane, more Christian, richer in its conceptions of human relationships. The power to do that comes from the fact that we have seen the truth and the glory of God in the face of Jesus Christ, our Lord.

STREAMS AND LUXURIANT GR0W!H IN

The Fiji Islands-Today"

A Land Where Christianity is a Hobby and Giving is a Prolonged Delight BY MARY G. WR.!.Y, CHICAGO, ILLINOIS Associate Editor of the Moody Bible Institute Monthly L ESS thana century has passed since the Fijians were canni- bals and their Christianization is one of the marvels of mis- sionary work. Now their national hobby is religion-they talk and sing, think and act the Christian religion.

The Fijians are essentially "children of nature," without traditions to hamper them or settled forms of worship from which they must break away. When their chiefs were converted the people usually followed gladly, but neighboring tribes were threatened with slaughter if they failed to conform. Thakambau, one of the last of the cannibal chiefs to be converted, was a revolting, blood-thirsty monster with a legendary authority over all the islands. He drove out the early missionaries, but they continued to visit him and preach to him. As more and more of the petty native rulers accepted Christianity, the people became correspondingly restless and could not hide their hatred for the cruel Thakambau, who was at last forced by public sentiment to admit the missionaries. His chief argument against his own acceptance of Christ was: "But I could no longer kill and eat!" At last he yielded and published the manifesto re- • Rev. and Mr!. lIora~e E. WE!ft.ver!l!, Moody !Uhle IIl!titute graduatM or 1~-17., have just re· turned from a missionary post in Fiji Islands, and tell many interesting stories abQ!ut conditions in these Islands. 300 in number, 100 of which are inhablied. The principal islands of the group a.re VIti Levu (Great Land) and Vannu Levu (Big Land). 'rhe capital Is Suva. a. modern. cosmopolitan city on VIti LeVU.-M. G. W.

537

quiring all his subjects to become Christians or be slaughtered. He lived, however, to learn that Christians must be tolerant and for- giving.

The 90,000 Fijians are now practically all Christians-at least in name. Their churches are wholly self-supporting, and they con- tribute to missionary work in other fields. This crown colony of Great Britain contains her most law-abiding citizens. Scarcely ever is a man imprisoned except for non-payment of ta.xes, due to care- lessness or laziness. The residential tax on foreigners, a pound a head, is a source of irritation to the East Indians.

Most of the Fijians go to church and it is impossible to get a man to work on Sunday. Children are well behaved and obedient, and some are already organized as student volunteers. Each village supports a church and a native teacher and pastor. The religious work. of the Islands is administered by the Methodist Church of Australia which appoints a supervisor, for whom the natives supply a bungalow.

One of the native virtues is hospitality. Missionaries or tourists are often iIwited to occupy a native house, the family moving out to make this possible. The }!'ijians are cleanly in their habits and keep Uwir villages free from rubbish. Every night the Rtreet crier .goes up and down calling the names of workers and tasks assigned for the next day's village cleaning. The natives, having no ambition to earn money beyond their immediate needs, willingly contribute their labor to the community welfare.

"Community sings" in Fiji long antedate war days in America. Christian hymns are their favorites, and it is common for twilight groups to gather for song on the village plaza. Good singers, with a fine sense of rhythm, they love singing and make their own harmony.

Missionary work in Fiji is now conducted principally in behalf1 of the East Indians, who maintain their pagan worship and intro- spective philosophies wherever they live. They are more inclined to disorder than the Fijians, who are gentle and courteous. Any public disorder or law breaking is caused by the Indians, about 60,000 of whom constitute the industrial element. At first they were imported for work in the sugar and pineapple industries, but they now control many lines of business. Every taxi and milk cart driver is an Indian. Some Chinese and Japanese are employed in stores, laundries and gardening, and there are at least 2,000 whites in the islands.

As evinced in their hospitality and general community spirit, the Fijians are extremely generous. If a man is wearing a new coat which another admires, the first promptly removes it from his own back and presents it to his acquaintance. They are great giftgivers, and upon special occasions, particularly at weddings, they heap their gifts at the feet of the honored persons.

111251 THE FIJI ISLANDS – TODAY

This spirit makes their annual meeting, with its prolonged offering, a great delight, sometimes continuing until midnight. . The collection is the last feature of the meeting and is a formal procedure, to which groups or individuals respond, as their names arecalled. The people bring all the money they have, sometimes getting it changed into small eoins, in order to prolong the joy of marehing up front many times with various groups. Not until the last eoins are deposited is the meeting adjourned.

One of Mr. Weavers' most interesting stories is a graphic illustration of the natural generosity of the Fijian augmented by his Christian conseeration. Josiah, a native pastor, who contracted leprosy, was sent to a leper colony on another island. Seeing the CHRISTIAN SCHOOL BOYS IN FIJI UND~1R INSPEL'TION great need for spiritual teaching and consolation among these people, he wrote to the Chamberlain of the District asking appointment as pastor there. He preached and taught among the lepers, but after some time, under treatment, and because of his splendid condition previously, he was cleared of his leprosy and given his papers for return to his own home. .Tosiah then wrote again to the Chamberlain, reporting his release, but asking to be continued as the pastor there, since the need persisted. At last accounts he had again contracted the terrible disease.

And these people are only about eighty years removed from cannibalism!

A Remarkable Work in Southwest

BY SAMUEL R. CLARKE* For Thirty Years a Missionary in China T HE Miao (one of the non-Chinese races living in southwest China) have no idols and do not worship any gods. They have no temples and no priests, and we never saw them engaged in any act of adoration. They are certainly not Buddhists. They practice certain rites in reference to the dead or to demons, such as a stranger might naturally suppose were acts of divine worship, but they are not acts of divine worship as the term is generally understood. From the earliest times the Chinese have known and worshipped Shang-ti as the Supreme Being, and have also worshipped inferior local deities. Many of the Miao have been living in close touch with the Chinese for ages, and some of them, as at present, have intermixed much with the Chinese, but, as far as we know, they have not oopied the Chinese in their earlier worship ()f Shang-ti, or in their later worship of Buddhist and Taoist idols.

One very admirable and encouraging characteristic of the Miao Christians is that, when they believe the Gospel themselves, they are eager and unwearied in teaching it to others. The movement among t.hem has spread, not so much in consequence of the traveling and preaching of the missionaries, as by the zeal and persistent testimony of these simple believers. It is thus that the Gospel has spread among the tribes from district to district, and even beyond the limits of Kweichow into the province of Yunnan.

During the summer of 1903 Mr. Adam spent the month of August among the Shui-hsi Miao at Ten-ten. One day he saw a group of men dressed in strange garments, the like of which he had never seen before, but he recognized them as Miao. Some of them had their hair plaited into two queues, one on each side of their head, and others had their hair twisted and done up in front of the head, like the horn of a unicorn. They were very dirty; some of them carried stout crossbows with short stocks, and all were returning from a boar hunt. Mr. Adam inquired from the Miao around who the men were, and learned that they belonged to the Tahua Miao tribe, or "Great Flowery Miao," and that their original home was nine days' journey northwest of Anshunfu.

As the men were tired and hungry, Mr. Adam invited them to rest and set food before them. They told him that their tribe had so increased in numbers that many of their people had migrated to Lan-lung-chiao, more than two days from Anshunfu, and some of them had come farther south to the district around Ten-ten. As the • Extracts from "Among the Tribes In Southwest China," published bJ" the China Inland Mission, 1911.

54() men were going away, after their meal, they were invited to attend -the service on.Sunday. They came, and continued to attend it. One old man, the first of that tribe to hear the Gospel, said: "It is not good for us to keep such good news to ourselves, Jet us go and tell our kinsmen at Lan-lung-chiao. " So this old man at once went there and told the people about the Lord Jesus. His name for .Jesuswas Klang Meng, the "Miao King." The people from that place came down in great numbers to see the missionary, at first several times a month, and later regularly once a month. This they continued doing for more than two years before any of them were baptized. Within three years of the time they first heard the Gospel they had built a chapel for them&elves, two hundred and fifty were baptized believers, and hundreds of others were attending the services.

– Mr. Adam went to eRo-pu again in October of the same year. During the absence of the foreign missionary the good work went -A SCHOOL FOR MARRIED WOMEN – LEARNlNG TO READ A ND WRITE on; the nnmber of inquirers increased, and all were growing in the knowledge of God and in Christian character. It was manifestly the work of the Holy Spirit. The believers, not yet baptized, rejoiced in the Lord greatly, and were all on fire to proclaim in aU places the grace of God and deliverance from sin through Jesus Christ. They went out two by two, visiting the villages far and near, preaching, praying, and singing, and teaching the people how to pray and sing. Later on, the missionary, when visiting these villages, was delighted at the knowledge of these simple folk, and at their desire to learn more of the Gospel. rThey would sit up till one or two 0 'clock in the morning, and sometimes Mr. Adam, retiring at that hour, awoke at daylight to find them still learning to read texts of Scripture or some

hymn of praise; or he would find them earnestly giving heed to one of the Christians as he taught them to sing a new tune.

These simple folk, born and bred in that out-of-the-way corner of the world, had never seen nor heard of such a thing as a magic lantern in all their lives, and the wonder of it can be imagined. Th(l first time it was shown in the large chapel there was a good attendance, but the second time there were several thousands of them, and the place was overflowing. They climbed up the pillars and sat on the cross-trees of the roof, while those in the body of the building were packed like sardines in a tin. While Mr. Adam showed the scenes from the life of our Lord, Paul preached to them in their own tongue, and there was wonderful attention all through. When he came to speak of the betrayal and crucifixion of our Lord, and the views were shown illus- trating those events, a great hush and silence fell on the crowd. The preaching deeply moved the hearers, and at the close Paul led them in prayer. Many in the great congregation were weeping, and the mis- sionary could not keep back his tears. When the prayer was ended, they all joined in singing "There is a fountain filled with blood," with the chorus" I do believe, I will believe, that Jesus died for me. " And they did believe it.

During that visit Mr. Adam baptized 180 believers, and 240 communicants sat around the Lord's table, in memory of His death and in hope of His coming again. It was a glorious sight, and the heart of the missionary overflowed with joy and praise to God at the sight of so many, who a short time ago were pagans, sunk in immorality and sin, now repentant, pardoned; new men and women, with the love of God and the peace of God in their hearts.

One of them was a man who at his baptism took the name of Noah. When he was accepted for baptism, some of the members Were not quite sure of him, and yet did not feel justified in keeping him out of the church. Subsequent events showed that Noah had received the Holy Spirit. When candidates were examined for baptism a number of old couples were brought forward by their sons, and among them Noah brought his father, aged eighty, and his mother, over seventy. Previous to their appearance, Mr. Adam had rejected two old couples, and when he saw Noah's father and mother approaching, he thought they were another couple to be rejeded. But he was astonished and delighted, when he come to question them, at their understanding of the Christian doctrine. He began, "Old lady, where are your sins T" "Oh," she answered, "I have none now, they are all passed over to the body of Jesus, and He took them away on the Cross." When he asked her to repeat a hymn, she began to recite the one at the beginning of the book. He interrupted her and said, "Not that one, everybody knows the first hymn in the book; repeat your own favorite hymn." At onCe she began:

925] A REMARKABLE WORK IN SOUTHWEST OHINA

"Jesus, my Lord, to Thee rery, – Unless Tho1,l help me I must die, Oh bring Thy free salvation nigh And take me as I am."

Then before the church members she was asked to pray, and she offered up a prayer manifestly taught by the Spirit. At the close of it the church members all exclaimed, "Wonderfully clear!" The old father was as well prepared for baptism as the mother. Noah's wife, his brother's wife, his nephew and his wife, had all been taught by Noah, and were all very clear in their faith and testimony.

Every candidate for baptism must promise to have nothing to do with whisky-not to make it, drink it, offer it to others, or have it in his house. This is a rule that commends itself to the missionary and to the Christian conscience of the Miao believers. Noone ever thinks to question the wisdom of it. Consequently Christian homes and Christian villages are absolutely free from the evils and dangers that attend the drinking of that devilish stuff, and we have not known personally ·one of these people, once so drunken, to backslide in consequence of whisky. When we think of the evil whisky has wrought among the Miao, to say nothing of other people, a protest against the above rule could only be made in the name of the arch-enemy of mankind.

Another rule, and one, that may seem more strange than the other, is that no young unmarried person shall be baptized. This also is a rule that commends itself to the missionary and to the believers. Anyone who knows anything of the indescribable conditions in which, hitherto, the young people have grown up, will not be likely to question the wisdom of this rule. Probably, in a few years, when the children have grown up in Christian homes and under Christian influences, that rule will be relaxed. As it is, many of the newlymarried couples are little more than boys and girls. The rule in reference to <whisky, however, we hope and believe will never be relaxed.

During his tour in 1906, Mr. Adam baptized seven hundred and forty converts. One of the most interesting paragraphs in his diary is the following: "Of the twelve hundred candidates baptized in 1906, we only know of three who have failed in trusting God, and have used the devilman (exorcist) in times of sickness and trial. In one case, the wife's heathen relative~'forced the wizard upon the supposed Christian family. How real the work of God is among these people may be judged from the fact that after two years' testing so very few of them have fallen away again to their own heathen practices. "

These Miao Christians all seem simple and kindly people, one in heart and mind in their love to God and devotion to Jesus Christ.

TELLING 1I11RSIONARY STORIES IN CORTUMI'l (See page 5(7) More tha.n three thousand chtldren gather In the eity park at AshevHle. N. ~.. to hear missionary stories – told by Albflrt Osborne of India. Mr. Osborne bas been lectunng in North Carolina grade schools and High Hchools on .educational conditions in India with the boys ann girls of the schools, in costume, assisting' him.

THE BRAZILIAN DELEGATES ATTENDING THE MONTEVIDEO CONGRESS (S.., pallo 611)

BY MRS. E. C. CRONK, 728 MUHLENBURG BLDG., PHILADELPHIA

PLANNING THE MISSIONARY Missionary Information PROGRAM The main purpose of the mission- By THE REV. HUGH T. KERR, D.D. ary program is, therefore, education- In a j'ecent issue of the REVIEW al. The people must know the need some results of the exceptional mis- of the world for Christ, and they can sionary interest of Shadyside Presby- Rnow only by haying the information terian Clwrch of Pittsburgh were presented to them in such form as presented. The planning the program will appeal to their sense of loyalty to from the standpoint of the pastor ex- Him unto whom they owe all things.

plains some of the res'l~ltS. I look forward during the coming In planning the missionary pro- year to the teaching of four or five gram for the coming year, one over- mission study classes. There are two mastering objective should be kept in classes of college students meeting mind; namely, the supreme purpose throughout the year, and during half of the missionary enterprise is to of this period they will be engaged in bring the world to the knowledge of a stmdy of the missionary textbook for our Lord Jesus Christ. A good deal the eoming year, "New Days in Latin is being written in our day concern- America" by Webster E. Browning. ing the changing motives of modern Early in the fall, a class of one hunmissions, but there is only one ade- dred women will meet for luncheon quate motive to ;;end men to the mis- and for the study of this same book. sionary field and to sustain them, and I find it best to follow the regular that is loye for our Lord. If, in the mission textbook;; year by year, and words of the revival hymn, "our it is wonderful how the information hearts keep right," the cloud that thus gained builds itself into one's rises over the missionary world will missionary equipment. "wear a rainbow." The supreme purpose, therefore, in the Church's The subject of Latin America is a missionary program is to keep the rather difficult one because it covers "home fires burning" and to sustain such a wide field and deals with those motives which alone are ade- phases of missionary interest which quate to reach out unto aB the world. are different from those met with in ,B'irst things must be put first. The Oriental lands. We haye to faee a de- Church must first of all give itself to graued form of our own religion, and the Lord, and, thi~ having been done, among people who live in widely septhe missionary budget will easily fol- arated regions of the southern hemilow. Indeed, the missionary budget sphere. The study of this subject has little to do with planning the involves careful preparation, and afprogram for the coming year. The ter making a careful selection of budget for the coming year has al- special books bearing on the subject. ready been raised on the motives that the quiet days of the vacation weeks have been built into the lives of the are utilized for the purpose of maspeople by means partly of the mis- tering the subject. In order to teach sionary program of the year that has the textbook one must pursue a course just gone. of wide reading, and this reading forms the basis of a wealth of mis- 545 4

sionary information which gradually ingtou Missionary convention, prob.

infiltrates the teaching and preach- ably grouping the subjects contained ing. It seems only a short time since in that report. and making It selection we were bURY studying the missionary or thoae thcmes which are most vitally textbook, '''rIte Living Christ for related to the thought of the young Latin America" by J. H. McLean, people of our day.

and the same subject becomes, this In connection with the children of year, of greater interc'lt and can be the Sunday-school and with the pursued further. The first business young people, the art of postel' mak- of the preacher, who is building a ing may he emphasized. One of the missionary program, is to educate most beautiful posters I have ever himself. seen came ont of a contest initiated last year, and added much to the in- Men and Mi••ions terest of the class. Pageantry and Probably the most difficult task in plays for Children's Bands are albuilding a missionary program is to ways attractive, and are a means not relate it to business men. The wom- only of educating children, but of inen are easily outstripping the men in teresting parents and friends.

their grasp of world affairs which has Opportunity of the Pulpit come to them through the intelligent study of missionary literature. Per- Psyehology;· teaches us that the best haps the best way to relate the subject method of approach is by indirection. to men is to hold occasional.1uncheon Many of the best missionary sermons meetings and to pursue a course of are not direct missionary appeals. studies in connection with the Wed- Somet.hing in the sermon, an illustraneway evening service. There are a tion, a quotation, a reference, lights great many phases of the missionary up the sermon and is usually charged problem in Latin America which make with spiritual power. There will be strong appeal to business men. Our opportunity, during the coming year, business interests are pushing rapidly for illustrative material taken from into Latin America, and men are in- the literature of missions in South terested in knowing about that great America. There will be a splendid new wonderland. No subject more opportunity to present a message of interesting to men can be found than . international peace from the great in such a book as "Ancient Peoples monument erected in the Andes of the at New Tasks" by Willard Price. The figure of Christ, the pedestal of which first chanter deals with "The Hand bears the inscription ,. Sooner shall Clasp of Neighbors" and shows us these mountains crumble into dust how business relates itself to missions than Chileans and Argentines break in the republics of South America. the peace which, at the feet of Christ the Redeemer, they have sworn to Young People's Groups maintain. " The need for education As a rule, young people do not like and the demand for Bible distribution concentration, they like variety. One will receive ncw opportunity for of the most intlJresting groups I ever emphasis. Sueh a book as Margaret led in missionary stndy followed Daniels' "Makers of South America"

through the report of the Des Moines will make a splendid background for Student Volunteer convention. It was a series of biographical talks in con- a big volume to handle but it con- nection with the midweek service, tained a vast amount of interesting and give an opportunity for prayer missionary material, presented in without which no missionary program compelling !language, and there was can sustain itself.

sufficient unity with variety to keep The great busy city of Pittsburgh awakened interest. This coming year is just now attempting to raise ten we shall follow the report of the Wash- million dollars for the Cathedral of

925J BEST METHODS

Learning ill conuectiou with the Uni. Leaders are advised; versity of Pittsburgh. The money is Present the "Fifteen Best" plan to coming in and the project is going your Jeagues and find out how many forward, but the revenues being reo would like to read a shelf of books.

ceived now come as the result of a Divide these into groups of five, and long process of education and a defi· permit each group to decide on the nite program of publicity. It is only shelf it desires to read. Order the in this way that the missionary pro· shelf, number the books, and place in gram of the Church can succeed. It each book a list of the names of those must be planned and prepared. The who are to read the book. Allow two words of Jesl~ might well apply to weeks for the reading of each book.

just this situation: "l<~or which of At the end of that time each reader you, desiring to build a tower, doth passes his book on to the next on the not first sit down and count the cost, list and in return receives a book whether he have wherewith to com· from the one preceding him. The plete it r Lest haply, when he hath process continues for ten weeks, or laid a foundation, and is not able to until each member of the group has finish it, aill that behold begin to mock read all of the five books.

IJim, saying, This man began to build, and was not able to finish." Many of WORLD FRIENDSHIP IN NORTH our missionary programs in the local CAROLINA SCHOOLS church fail be~ause the pastor has not '{ith thousands. of North Carolina counted the cost and laid a deep and sehool boys and girls as members of adequate foundation. his autliences and a few of them as THE FIFTEEN BEST his assistants, Mr. Albert Osborne has heen developing some strikingly sue· 'fhe Department of Missionary cessful methods of imparting mission- Work of the Epworth League of the ary information to boys and girls and Methodist Episcopal Church, South, increasing their interest in children is meeting wit.h success in its plan for of other lands. As the son of a mis- circulating fifteen of the best mission. sionary, Mr. Osborne knows India as ary books. 'rhree shelves or sets of a friend. He hU3 visited his aunt who five books are offered to Leaguers, at is a missionary in China, and has a price of $4.50 a shelf. a:lso spent some time in Korea and R.omanc~ at the Fl'ont. Africa. On a lovely Sunday afternoon in the early spring, more than three 1. Bali£win: "Sita." thousand boys and girls of Asheville 2. Hubbard: "Ann oj' Ava." gathered in city park for his" Story 3. Mason: "'The Little Green God."

4. Little: "The Lady oj' the Decoration." Hour." 5. Brain: "Love Stories of Great Mis· His plan of reaching boys and girls sionaries. " with a missionary message includes outdoor meetings in various villages Stol'ies of Adventure. and towns.

1. Chamberlalli: "In the Tiger Jnngle." During the days of the summer time 2. MacKenzie: "An African Trail." an invitation to i i Come out to the 3. Riggs: "Shepard of Aintab." meeting" is much more appealing 4. Fahs: "lTg'lnda's White Man of than one to 'i Come into the meeting. "

Work." 5. Grenfell: "Way Down North in Lab· rador. "

H e;·oe.~ in Action. "PERSONALIZING" MISSIONARY 1. Livingstone: 'i Mary Slessor of Cala· MESSAGES bar. " In a recent is'me of The Congrega. 2. Keith: "Blaek Bearded Barbarian." tionalist .Tessie M. Osgood and Henry 3. Hubbard: "Under Marching Orders." .T. Condit give some excellent sugges- 4. Paton: "The Story of John G. tions for making messages from mis· sionaries more personal and real, and Paton." 5. Mathews: ., Livingstone, the Path· finder. "

also, for aclvance preparation by member of the choir had a mimeoman for conference presentation: graphed copy of the music.

One of the most perplexing prob- The pageant rehearsal followed imlems in church-school work is to make mediately and revealed that the "mail real to the members of the school that order" selection of .,missionaries" the missionaries for whom they con- had resulted in two misfits. With the tribute mOlley are actual people. Per- exception of these two, all the charhaps a school or church is supporting acters entered whole-heartedly and several missionaries in whole or in sympathetically into the impersonapart, or is directly interested in their tions. Later, special attention was work. All this is vague to the young given to the weak spots in the speeches person, and he does not realize that of the missionaries. The "speech" they live on any spot on this earth, was a short biography, to which had or that they are human. been added extracts from iletters from the missionaries themselves. It had The map pageant, such as has been been the duty of the director of the worked out at two young people's pageant weeks before to gather from summer conferences, is a successful various sources-by interview, by letmeans of overcoming this difficulty, ter, or from personal knowledge-the because it can be adapted for the use main facts of the mi"sionary's life. of any church or school. Words here This was given, of course, in the first and there would of necessity be person, and as an impersonation, by changed, and it would fall to the di- the young people. rector to put into usable form short biographical sketches of the mission- After the presentation of the pagaries to be presented. This article eant on Sunday night, each delegate will outline briefly how it was done was given a large sheet of paper, on successfully by mail and with one re- which were the pictures of all the hearsal at a young people's summer missionaries who had been present conference in New York State in 1924. for the four years of the conferences. In addition to the sheet of pictures, Since the pageant was scheduled each delegate also received a small for the first Sunday evening of the outline paper map of the world, to conference, it W11:3 necessary for the which the pictures of the missionaries director to secure from the registrar were to be pasted after they had been of the conference a list of all the cut out. young people who were planning to attend. l<'rom her own knowledge of The results .justified the director for the young people, and from sugges- all the work. 'I'he young woman who tions from the pastors, the parts were took the part or one of our student assigned by mail (one to each church) summer service workers was so natwith the request that those taking ural in her interpretation of the part, part attend the rehearsal. An addi- and resembled the character so much, tional request was made by mail that that the audience believed that it was the "five" secure costumes as nearly the worker herself who was speaking. like the suggested model as possible. Each speaker impersonating a mis- With the opening of the conference sionary pinned a lighted candle to a on Friday evening, the music director cloth map of the world, after precalled for volunteers for a conference senting a greeting and some facts choir to meet one hour earlier than about his or her work. that schedu:Ied for the rehearsal. Familiar hymns were used,and one verse Il'he candle holders were made by a tin· was sufficient to cover the action. The smith at a nominal charge, from pieces of music was used as ali interpretation tin 6tA inches long, by I%, inches wide, of the pageant rather than as a spe- with both ends rounded. T'o make holders cial feature. Each hymn was sung bend ItA inches from end so as to make a softly. No books were used, but each projection, to which is soldered a Christmas tree candleholder. At the other end solder

19251J BEST METHODS

an ordinary pin. This specially constructed " We want to send a whisper Bong, e.andle holder makes it possible to pin the Across the water blue; candles to the cloth map.* To Bay to all the children thel'e– Jesu~ loves Yllul Jesus loves youl PRACTICAL PLANS FROM '':But it they don't quite understand YONKERS They'11 wonder if it's true, By RUTH HUNTINGTON PORTER So we will keep on whispering J eaus loves you too!" The First Presbyterian Church in Yonkers, N. Y., endeavors to carry In the upper grades of the Church out a missionary education program School the opening service on one for its young people through the Sunday of each month is devoted to Church School and four societies. the consideration of some missionary subject which is presented by a par- The missionary program as adopt- ticular class, or by a group from one ed bythe Church School is graded to of the four missionary societies. The appeal to the interest and understand- objects of benevolence supported by ing of three distinct groups: The the weekly offerings of the School re- Kindergarten, Primary Department ceive particular attention. The most (including ages six to eight), and the nnique program the past year was in Upper Department (ages nine to charge of a group from the Junior twenty years). The time and method Society, composed of boys and girls of presentation in the lower grades is from nine to twelve years of age. left entirely to' the superintendents of After a short service of praise and the two departments. prayer a number of the children, dressed in Persian costume, went to The aim of the missionary program the platform and took their places in the kindergarten is to create an in- around an improvised stove such as is terest in children outside its own used in a Persian home. Each child circle through stories and opportuni- contributed some interesting story reties of taking gifts to the sick and un- garding the dress, manners and cusfortunate at Thanksgiving, Christmas toms of Persian people and illustrated and Easter. their talk with models.

Through personal correspondence The Mission Band, which is organthe Primary Department has main- ized for the girls between nine and tained a very live interest in the twelve years of age, meets with a di- Church School missionaries, Mr. and rector on a weekday afternoon twice Mrs. Ralph M. White, of Soochow, a month. A textbook is followed for China. – The fact that there are two the programs of these meetings and "little Whites," Bob and Phoebe, each cbild takes her turn in telling who are just Primary age, affords an the story assillned for the day's lesunfailing point of eontact. In order son. The director presides over the to stimulate an interest in children of meeting and conducts a brief devoother lands a map of the world was tional service. The past year the l)Osted in the room and each time that Mission Band has studied China. a story about a foreign child was told They presented a Chinese play, "The a paper doll representing that child Turtle Dove," by Margaret Scott was pinned on the country to which Oliver, and served a Chinese supper. he belonged and connected by a ribbon with Yonkers. No attempt at The Junior Society, comprised of geography was made other than to both boys and girls of Junior age, give the idea of our separation from centered its interest around Persia. children of other ilands by the big This group was fortunate in having ocean. As II part of this project the as a leader Miss Jane Doolittle, a following verse was learned by the member of the church and a returned children: missionary from Teheran. The schools and ho'$pita.ls, the village life and • The full prosram Ule<t an ~bi. oOO&llon …… printed In The C'o"(1re'g<ltiona:ri8t of April 9.

1925.

athletics of the Persian people were sharing the support of the world task studied. Then a trip was made to the of the church.

Metropolitan Museum of Art to see the Persian exhibit. Maps of Persia MISSIONARY MESSAGE OF THE were drawn and models of Persian PULPIT houses and various objects were made. A letter wa~ recently received by a This group served a Persian dinner :-[ission Board from a school teacher and thus aroused further interest in Yolunteering to go into missionary that country and its people. service at the close of this year's A group of girls of high school age school term..

meets irregularly in the homes of the 'Yhat was the influence which re- members. 'fhey arc organized as a ~uIted in that decision? In a letter Westminster Guild under the care of to a friend she wrote: the Women's Association, and have "Last Sunday I heard the most stirring missionary sermon I have ever heard. The t.wo directors who act as advisors. The I'Rstor made an appeal to this church to find girls themselves plan their programs, and while they have not followed a missionaries and tu assume their support. He had hung 011 the organ a large plain course of reading or study they have white flag, the ~hurch 'Service Flag' he had missionary speakers from time to railed it, "and 8aid it ~hould hang to shame time. They have entertained a group ihe church until it. hat] on it stars for those of girls from a foreign section of the in service. It broke me all up, amI I again offered myself to the Lord, if He thinks I city for a .Christmas -party and con- ('nn fill any little comer in Central America. tributed candy to a group of children 1 have written to the Mi.sion Board I am under institutional care. a'railable as soon as this school term is over, In the Young People's Society there if they wll.nt me for the .field."

is no regular missionary instruction, A letter from Best Methods headbut from time to time speakers are quarters to Rev. G. A. Swanson, the secured who bring a missionary mes- pastor, who preached the sermon sage. This group appointed a com- brought this information: mittee to consult with its denominational headquarters regarding work "Your inquiry relative to a missionassigned to young peopre's support. Ilry sermon which I delivered in De- After visiting the New York office ceinber 1924 eume over: my desk this and carrying on some correspondence morning, and was a distinct surprise. the committee submitted to the society I-cannot imagine how the news could three home and t.hree foreign mission- have made its way to New York.

ary projects. The society decided by , 'I preached such a sermon, Decem- vote to which it would contribute and ber 21st, from John 3: 16, and en- cbose one lIome and one foreign in- titled it 'The First Service Flag.' It terest. They set fifty dollars as the being the Sunday preceding Christ- sum they wished to raise for this mas I naturally proclaimed God's gift work. Then a blackboard was marked in the person of His Son. Availing off into squares representing shares myself of the service flag idea which of one dollar each. The young people became common during the war I said bought up these shares and either that the original service flag was un- paid for them at once or pledged to furled when God gave His only be- pay d:nring the year. gotten Son; and upon that flag there Delegates art' sent each year from glittered a star of gold. I had hung the young people's groups to mIssion- up a. white flag-to be unfurled at the ary conferences. 'l'hese representa- proper moment before the congrega- tives report to the Church School or tion. That flag represented the Pres- some society in the church. There is byterian Church, of EI Reno, and it thus kept alive in these small or'gani- has no star of any kind upon it. With zation~{ it sense of membership in a th~s 01imaxI prf:lS~ home the ·truth larger "group 'ltnd 9f responsibilitY-lor that the time has come ",nen ,i'e'funst

1925J BEST ME1'HODS

begin to consecrate ourselves and our all take part in prayer. The spirit of children to full-time service in the prayer prevails genera!lly .among the Master's vineyard. One of our mem- people, old and young alIke. Upon bers has recently made application to this I rely more than upon all methods the Foreign Board of the Presbyterian and plans of human origin, however Church for service as a missionary interesting such may be. nurse in Guatemala City. A brilliant young doctor, an elder in the church, "I have given you nothing new but informed me several weeks ago that it is all I have to offer. l1C is planning to give himself to tIle Lord for any service to which He may G. A. SWANSON." can him. Several young men are thinking seriously of the ministry, or ONE HUNDRED YEARS OF to whatever service the Lord would can them. There are others also. VICTORY "Most of my preaching is mission- In their recent centennial celebraary in character. After nearly six tion the Methodist Missionary Society years of this there is no reason why of Ontario and Quebec combined the folks should not be thinking seriously features of praise and prayer, with a of the Lord's work. The occasional review of the work of the past one sermon may impress the passerby, but hundred years and a pre-view of the it is the constant effort that counts in work that should be done. There were the long run. I have no pet schemes in the celebration also splendid eduor unusual methods. Quite often I cational features of visualization in call some young man into my study an exhibition and a· great pageant and ·we spend the time together talk- with eight hundred participants, in ing over the work of the Lord, during Massey Hall. Toronto. which time I press the claims of the 11"aster for fnll-time service and com- The celebration features the fiftieth plete surrender: This I believe counts anniversary of the Society'8 missionfor much more than anything else. ary work in Japan, with fourteen Japanese exhibits. , 'The church here has never been a missionary church in any sense of the Among the other centenary methword. No one has gone out personally ods used was the issuing of an Extra and missionary support has been neg- Centenary Dollar Certificate which ligible. This, I am happy to an- was given to members who gave an nounce, is being. changed very rapid- extra dollar to celebrate one hundred ly. We will not only raise our years of victory. A cent a year does apportionment for benevolences this not seem a large centenary gift but year, but will go far beyond. And when hundreds of members add an yet I never press the matter of fi- extra dollar to their gifts the totals nances from the pulpit. Some day, soon mount into thousands of dollars. and, before long, I hope to be able to announce that our church will under- MISSIONARY HOME, WI:;'ONA LAKE take the support of its own missionarv. The Interdenominational Committee of the Central West for Missions announces that the :, Back of all this I have a praying rest home for adult missionaries will bwe uorpebne people. The Session, numbering fif- this Summer. This "Missions Home" teen, meets every Sunday morning open from July 1st to September 1st and offers just before the hour of worship and free rooms during all of the Chautauqua and Bible Conference season at Winona Lake. Ap- plications should be made through board repre- sentatives on the Interdenomina.tional Committee to: Mrs. Charles Vickers, ChaW-rna", 238 S. Oak Park Ave., Oak Park, Ill., or to Mrs. A. G. Beebe, SeCTlJta,T1j and Treasurer, 426 Lake Street, Oak Park, Ill., or to Rev. W. E. Blederwol!, D.D., Winona. Lake, Indiana.

Woman's Home Mission

EDITED BY l!~LOREN0E E. QUINLAN, 156 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW YORK THE CAUSE AND CURE OF WAR son of this last and greatest war shall AN AnDRESS RY PRESIDENT COOLIDGE be lost, then, indeed, will this experi- Delivered to the Delegates of the Conference, ence have been almost in vain. It is for the generation which saw and surat the White House, January 24, 1925.

Your conference has been brought vived to devise measures of preven· together to consider the causes and tion. If we fail in this, we shall cure of war. In our generation, which deserve all the disaster which will has seen the supreme demonstration surely be visited upon us because of of the futility and the horrors of war, our failure. we ought to be able to count upon an overwhelming sentiment for measures If in what I have said I have fairly which give reasonable promise of pre- suggested our responsibility, we may venting or limiting wars. But, if we now properly inquire, What have we may judge by the past, this deter- done, what are we doing, to discharge mined antagonism to armed conflict that responsibility? Are the nations, for settling .international differences the peoples, the leaders of affairs, the teachers of religion and morals, makwill grow weaker as we recede from ing progress in the right direction ~ the period of the recent struggle. As That question must be answered by our vision of its frightfulness is us, as Americans, for ourselves. dimmed, as the edge of its horror is There may be temptation at times to dulled with the passing of time, we inquire whether others have played may expect a corresponding diminu- their part. But our responsibility is tion of zeal for institutions to prevent for ourselves alone for doing the part war. This is unfortunate, but it is that falls to us because of our place the lesson taught by all experienee. in the world. For this very reason every organized movement to keep alive the realization It has been said that the peace of war's destructiveness serves a help- which ends one war commonly sows ful purpose. If for the next hundred the seeds of the next war. I believe years the men and women who fought that in our policy of readiness to as- sociate in whatever measures would and suffered to carryon the World tend to restore, to stabilize, to rees- War, and who were compelled after- tab~ish security and peace among the ward to struggle and sacrifice to pay natlOns, we have taken the most helpfor it, could survive to keep alive the ful attitude that was feasible at the proper realization of what war really time. I believe that in sponsoring the means, the chance of formulating pro- Washington Conference on Limitagrams to prevent its repetition would tion of Armaments, and for considerbe greatly improved. But those who ing the affairs of the Far East, we lived, and saw, and felt, and knew made a genuine and significant conthese things will pass on. They will tribution toward peace in two of the be succeeded by others to whom a dis- most troubled areas of the world. I torted picture of glory and heroism believe that, just as the Armament will make its appeal. Conference was a timely and convinc- ing cooperation on the political side, So it is particularly to be desired so the Dawes plan was a similarly that measures be instituted as soon as timely and effective effort for rehabilpossible .by the men and women who know the truth about war which may itation on the economic side. I be- save the future from such experiences lieve that the next step which we may /is have C9me in otlf time, If the les- well take is b~- way of participation i~ 552 the Permanent Court of International means of destruction, but rather upon Justice. I believe that with our ad- the two most constructive forces in herence to that tribunal, for which I the world. These two forces have earnestly hope, it will become one lifted society to its present level of medium in which may gradually be civilization. They have eliminated precipitated and crystallized a body private war and personal feud. They of international law and procedure have fixed the rights of property and which, ;by avoiding th~ dangers that the rights of man so firmly that would attend the establishment of a civilized people do not longer think supergovernment, will ultimately of enforcing their rights or protecting command the respect and approbation their persons through violence. These of the world's public opinion and the two forces are the intelligence of the cooperation of the nations. mass of individuals and the moral The proposal to outlaw war from opinion of the community.

this world has been earnestly put for- It is not thinkable that these forces ward and supported on one side by are available and adequate to mainthose who esteem it a fine ideal. I tain order within the limit of a great trust that its discussion may contrib- state or nation and yet incapable of ute some lasting element to peace. adaptation to the international, inter- I am convinced that if our civilization is worthy of its name, then governmental differences which grow physical force is not the only author- into the causes of war. Nor is it ity which may enforce an anti-war believable that a world-wide public policy. I feel strongly that public opinion which frowned upon war would be defied by any nation, howopinion, based on proper information, ever powerful. The interdependence working through agencies that the of peoples and nations becomes more common man may see and under- marked with every year. None can stand, may be made the. ultimate stand alone. None dares court isolaauthority among the nations. We tion. None may risk the ill opinion of shall not all at once be able to set up instrumentalities to accomplish this. civilization.

'But if, first, we can turn the light of It is through the establishment, more information and better under- then, of means for formulating and standhig upon the problems of diplo- promulgating the honest judgments macy, and if then we can adhere to a and matured public opinion of the tribunal of the nations, and can grad- world that I believe we shall advance ually work out a system of interna- toward assured peace. Thus shall tional law and procedure deserving we begin the actual outlawry of war. the support of the intelligent public Thus shall we lay foundation for that opinion of the world, we will have wider, more intimate, more vital comade a great contribution to lasting operation which at last will make the peace. It will be a triumph of moral nations truly neighbors. Thus, withrather than physical forces. It will out sacrificing the independence of depeitd upon processes in which the nations or the quality of their varied determination of facts and the appli- cultures, we shall guide humanity cation to them of sound principles toward a realization of the noble conof equity and morals will enlist the ception of the brotherhood of miLD.

respect and command the acquies- "AMERICA FIRST" cence of civilization.

.As the corner stone of such a sys- Several have asked whether copies tem would stand an international of " .America First" which was quoted tribunal whose character and abilities in the March, 1925, issue of the would deserve and retain confidence. REVIEW might be obtained. It was Such a tribunal would rely for the printed as It poster (18 x 12 inches) an enforcement of its decrees, not upon by the National Council for Preven- armies and fleets 1'Icnd the related tion ()f War, 532 Seventeenth Street,

N. W., Washington, D. C., and may be gram of the Church. There is evidence secured at $10 a hundred, $1 for 10, that they are now finding their place single copies for 15 cents. Hung in a as a part of our Qermanent educa- conspicuous place in the church vesti- tional program. Flfteen years after bule, schoolroom, office or home, the inception of this type of work, its library or club, it will do an incalcu- total volume is still on the increase, lable amount of good for the cause of though probably now nearing its international friendship. peak. Some denominations are al- ready lessening their expenditures for TOWN AND COUNTRY this purpose. Others, however, have From the report of the Committee on Town but recently undertaken it. and Country of the Home Missions Council and During the summer of 1924 six Council of Women for Home Missions, Edmund deS. Brunner. Chairman. denominations conducted or cooper- One denomination, the Presby- ated in forty-one different schools.

terian in the U. S. A., has definitely 'fhis list includes only schools with a attacked the complicated problem of minimum term of one week. The comity and interdenominational com- schools held varied from one to three petition. It is conducting a survey of weeks, the average being ten full all its aided churches which will make working days. Figures are not avail- possible a re-evaluation of all its able as to the aggregate attendance at work. It is definitely embarked on a these schools, but the attendance in- policy of reducing grants. The na- duced by the cooperating agencies and tional staff, which deliberates policies as a rule financially assisted by them for the Presbyterian Board of Na- or other church organizations, was tional Missions, is committed also to about 3,00'0. Of these forty-one the elimination of fields in which schools, four were conducted in theo- competition of an objectional char- logical seminaries, thirty-one in de- acter appears. nominational colleges, four in state The number of summer schools for universities and two in connection rural pastors shows an increase. An with summer camps.

increased number of chairs of rural In certain denominations there is a leadership has been established and growing tendency to hold stated meet- rural secretaries have taught courses ings of the ecclesiastical bodies in the in some seminaries having no chairs. summer for a sufficient length of time The number of loan libraries has been to permit of some definite educational increased and a largely increased work. Such assemblies, while not number of college and seminary stu- exactly taking the place of summer dents have been employed in mission schools, have actually operated to dis- and survey work during the summer. place them.

The Boards of the Congregational, For some reason the mortality fate Presbyterian U. S. A., and Reformed among rural pastors' schools con- Church in the United States are lead- ducted by state institutions has been ing the advance in this last particular, very high. Perhaps the chief reason though other boards are following has been the increase in denomina- closely. Surveys have been con- tionally conducted schools. At least ducted, especially by the Southern twenty-two such institutions have Methodists, whose board also leads in conducted schools of this type one or the number of summer schools. more times during the last ten years.

Some change is evident in the em- Only four conducted them last sum- phasis on summer schools for rural mer. In certain state institutions pastors and in the attitude toward winter conferences on rural church them. At the outset they were re- work have been conducted instead of garded very generally a~ an emer- summer schools, and in several insti- gency measure necessitated by the tutions the rural church work has new conceptions of community re- beenoovered by the work offered for sponsibility and the broadenedpl'o- rural social WQrkcrfl.generl!-llr,

Woman's Foreign Mission

EDITED BY MISS ELLA D. MACLAURIN, 25 MADISON AVENUE, NEW YORK CITY MISS TETSU YASUI, LITT.D., PRES- study at Cardiff College. On her re- IDENT WOMAN'S CHRISTIAN turn she was for a brief time at the COLLEGE OF JAPAN Peeresses' School and at the Aoyama By AMY G. LEWIS Girls' School in rrokyo, where I first knew her. Later she taught in the "If vou will remember that we do Woman's Higher Normal School in not' hii'e' teachers in Japan and will Tokyo for several years. call on Miss Yasui and invite her to join the staff I think she may be will- When plans were being made for the opening of this new college for ing to come." So spoke a Japanese women in Tokyo, Miss Yasui was teacher at the Aoyama Girls' School to a missionary in 1909 when Miss Yasui had just returned from a sec- ond period of study in England.

Calling on her at the Peeresses'

School in Tokyo where she was teach- ing, I found a quiet, unassuming, friendly woman who consented to come to teach psychology and peda- gogy in our higher depm·tment, three years above high school, later merged with the higher departments of other mission schools to form the nucleus of the Woman's Christian College of Japan of which Miss Yasui is today the able president.

Miss Yasui~ an early graduate of the Woman's Higher Normal School – the highest government sehool for women in Japan, then or now-has pioneered more than once since her graduation. She was sent b~' the Gov- ernment to study at Oxford and Cambridge and then, in response to the request of the Siamese Govern- ment for someone to establish a sehool for peeresses in Siam, was sent there by the Japanese Government. In this MISS TETSU YASUI, LITT.D.

difficult task she was so successful that a school begun with only. eight sought as its leader but, being a very pupils, taught in English, at the end modest person, she declined to under- of three years was well organized with take the task except as the assistant of 180 girls registered. I once heard Dr. Nitohe, a leading educator and Miss Yasui telling her class at author whose books are in many. lan- Aoyaina that she could sympathize guages. It was finally arranged that with the foreign '. teachers far from the college should open with Inazo their homes because she, also, had Nitobe, M.A., Ph.D., LL.D., President, taught in a foreign land. It was after and Miss Tetsu Yasui; Dean. 'Howliet 'strenuous ·life iIi. Siani that .she ever, Dr. Nitobe soon was called to -a- ga- hno England went "-.- 'toi'estat)d to G.eneva as a memher:ofthesecretariat . . … ;j55

of the League of Nations and the ing with Christians in Japan to build actual work of starting this Union up this college may be reminded that Christian College for Women was in her they have one of Japan's most done under the wise leadership of distinguished leaders in higher educa- Miss Yasui. tion for women and a woman of ster- In 1923 Miss Yasui was the Japa- ling Christian character. Those who nese delegate to the International have worked closely with President Educational Conference in San Fran- Yasui for years and those who have cisco and prior to the meeting visited met her but once recognize her sim- missionary and educational leaders in plicity and frankness, her dislike of many parts of the United States. all pretense and sham.

Everywhere she was received with Formerly Miss Yasui wrote and lec- cordial appreciation and from Mt. tured much, but during these years Holyoke College received the degree of the founding of the college she has of Doctor of Literature. given herself unstintedly to her stu- Dr. Nitobe has become the Honor- dents. From many I have heard of ary President of the College and Dr. the deep personal interest she shows Yasui since her inauguration June 7, in the individual. It is no formal and 1924, the President. professional attention that she gives It was just seven years ago, April but a kindness and sympathy so gen- 30, 1918, that the college was opened uine that she wins the devotion of her in temporary quarters in a Tokyo students.

suburb with 84 young women regis- I quote from President Yasui's in- tered. The opening ceremony was augural address: most auspicious. The Minister of "Now let me tell you briefly the Education sent congratulations, Gov- educational principles, hopes, and as- ernor Inouye attended in person, pirations of this College, . . .

made a most interesting address and "First, our education is to be presented to the college fifty trees and Christian, with its strong emphasis some books. The American Minister, upon character building. I think that Dr. Macdonald of Canada, Baron the greatest fortune each individual Shibusawa and Bishop Harris had a as well as each nation can acquire is part in the program. character. To have the Perfect One After seven years we find the col- as our ideal and to endeavor to lege with nearly 300 students and an identify ourselves with Him is to en- excellent faculty of nearly 30 pro- noble our character, raise our stand- fessors and instructors settled in its ard of life, and recognize spiritual beautiful new campus of 24 acres at qualities in life. The- perception of Aogimura, a suburb within the limits these spiritual qualities makes us re- of Sreater Tokyo. Eight buildings spect others as well as ourselves, and have been erected j more are planned brings us to the first step toward edu- to provide for new students and new cation. Under the Supreme Teacher, departments. teachers will respect the personalities If we were presenting the college of their students and seek to develop instead. of its president there would their own characters as. well as those be much to say of the work of women of their students, while students may who have wrought here to secure become sincere not only in the pursuit funds for this and other colleges for of knowledge but also in the building women in the Orient and of mission- of their own personal charMters."

aries who have served as trustees and The other women's colleges in the teachers, but we present this sketch of Orient for which we have campaigned President Yasui that the Baptists, the in recent years are in charge of Methodists in Canada and the Unifled women from America or England- States, .the Presbyterians, the Dis- splendid leaders, with many Ameri- ciples, the members of the Reformed can teachers on their faculties, but we Church in America, who are oooperat- believe that no one of them has It

WOMAN'S FOREIGN MISSION BULLETIN

stronger Christian leadership than the Presbyterian Colleges in the United Woman's Christian College of Japan. States have adopted Tokyo as their THE WOMEN'S UNION CHRISTIAN sister college. China. Ginling in Nanking is using COLLEGES IN FOREIGN FIELDS her new recitation and science build- By MARGARET E. HODGE ings and four dormitories which house 23 faculty and 133 students. The Vice-President of the Board of Foreign Missions of the Presbyterian Church, central building, the gift of Smith U. S. A. alumnae, houses the athletic, musical, social and religious activities. Fac- Less than two years ago these col- ulty residence, chapel and library are leges were rejoiced to learn that the soon to be erected. Its sister college campaign for them had secured $2,- 917,740.84 from friends in America. is Smith. It is a joy to peep at the new cam- Yenching is still in its old Chinese puses with their adequate buildings arising from the magic of the gift. palace in Peking, but a number of buildings have risen on its new site India. Madras has dormitories, a outside the city as a part of the Chrisscience hall and a beautiful chapel, in tian University. It hopes to move in addition to the old buildings which the fall. Coeducation in certain were on the property whe~ bought. classes and the closest cooperation are It is also "mothering" the new in effect but not complete coeducation. Teachers' Training College. Its sister colleges are Westfield iIi England Its sister college is Wellesley. and 1ft. Holyoke in America. The North China Union Medical Isabella Thoburn at Lucknow, has College has moved from its old home moved to its beautiful new site, in Peking to Tsinan and has united "Moon Garden," has erected some with Shantung Christian University. of its buildings, and has largely in- This is perhaps the most complete increased its undergraduate body and stance of absolute union in higher its spiritual power has grown. It is education that has yet taken place, now the Woman's Department of the the women and men of the staff being University of Lucknow. Its sister col- on an equal basis, the women students leges are Goucher and Northwestern. being not only in the medical depart- ment but also in the arts and theo- Vellore Medical School has built on logical departments. Residences have its city site, two hospitals, a nurses' been erected and a fine new hospital home and two residences. It also owns a beautiful large site out of will soon be under way. town given by the Government. The Each of these institutions is defadministrative, instruction and residential parts of the College will be initely Christian. A great majority here. Plans for these buildings are of their graduates are professing under way. Christians and a record of the work of the alumnre shows how they are Japan.. The Woman's Christian living up to the motto of Madras: College, started in small rented quar- "Lighted to lighten." ters in 1918, today has its beautiful new home in a suburb of Tokyo. The Since the close of the campaign the campus of twenty-four acres, costing Joint Committee has reorganized un- $135,500 has trebled in value. The der the name of the Cooperating Comnew dormitories a(J(Jommodate two mittee of the Women's Union Chrishundred of the three hundred stu- tian Colleges in Foreign Fields. The dents enrolled. The other buildings officers are Mrs. VV. A. Montgomery, are the Athletic Social Hall, Junior Chairman, and Miss Elizabeth R. College Hall and two residences. Bender, Secretary. Miss Florence G. Vassar and the undergraduates of the Tyler, the Executive Secretary, gives full time to the work with headquar- ters at 25 Madison Avenue, New York City.

FROM MANYLANDS-

ISLANDS OF THE SEA Yital to women and ~irls of the terri- The Culion Leper Colony tory. The Honolulu Association has a membership of 3,000, representing REV. FRED .JANSEN, the Prot- nearly fifty occupations, nineteen estant missionary to the six thou- creeds, and twenty-five nationalities. sand lepers or the Philippines, on the "It is common knowledge that steamisland of Culion, is supported by the ers now have matrons, that men and American Mission to Lepers. He women traveling steerage are sepawrites: "This leper work is a real rated, that wharves are well lighted bond among us all. We are so cheered that policemen are on duty and a rest by having fellow missionaries of every room on the P!er is provided," says evangelical denomination behind us, Le Roy Blessmg, secretary of the and a number of the small independ- Honolulu Automobile Club, "but it is ent Philippine churches as well . , . not common kn[}wledge that the Y. In spite of many hindrances, there W. C. A. is responsible for this has been a steady increase in interest, work." The appeal marked the ~~d one hundred and eighty-six have Jomed the church on profession of twenty-fifth anniversary of the befaith in the last thirteen months. It ginning of Y. W. C. A. work in Honois an all-week church; every day, up- lulu, and a new building is urgently stairs and down, there is generally needed to h[}use the present activities. something going on." A daily average of nearly nine hun- The attention of the American peo- dred members and visitors use the old ple has been drawn to the Culion col- building.

ony by the announcement on April 23d that Governor General Wood is NORTH AMERICA appealing for $1,000,000 in the United Chnreh Army Evangelists States for the leper colony on the THE Church Army is a Church of England organization, which has Island of Culion. These lepers are made a specialty of "marching cru- sades for the purpose of intensive but a small fraction of the y2~0u0r0'g0i0f0t evangelism. " On the invitation of lepers in the world. Send several American bishops, twenty-two of these Church Army men arrived in ~or the physical, social and spiritual New York City May 25th for a three months' trip, chiefly in the New Eng- Improvement of lepers to the Ameri- can Mission to Lepers, 156 Fifth Ave., New York (Fleming H. Revell, Treas- urer), Y. W. C. A. in Ha….aii land States. There will be two ?olumns of eleven men each, working I N ITS recent $350,000 campaign mdependently from Monday to Fri- for a new building, the Honolulu day, but always reuniting for week- ~. W. C. A. h~~ the warm coopera- end work in one or the larger centers. tIOn or all CIVIC and commercial Most of the distance is to be covered organizations in answer to a procla- on foot. On the day of their arrival mation issued by Mayor John H. Wil- the New York Times said: son in February, and the amount was oversubscribed in three days. Gov- The evangelists are well-educated young ernor Wallace R. Fnrrington of men who are enthusiastic about their work Hawaii, end. orsedh the Y. W. C. A. and are prepared to rough it. They traveled appea1, saymg t at its service was in the third class on the steamship and fo; that reason they were detained on the Car- 558 Ulania for the night and will pass thl'ough 283,840. If the total amount had Ellis Island today. They carry their kits been given it would have enabled the upon their shoulders like soldiers and sleep Board to provide several hundred on the floor in their blankets. thousand dollars additional for new Men'. Chureh League missionaries, missionaries' residences, THE interdenominational confer- schools, hospitals and other property. ence of men, held by the Laymen's The total contributions by the na- Church League in Columbus, Ohio, tional churches in the various mission (May 8th to 11th) had about :300 fields during th", past year amount to delegates from twenty.five states and $2,308,594.

the Province of Ontario, Canada, in- The Italians in America cluding representatives of twentythree denominations. OF the forty-four million living Italians, about six million reside It was voted that the Men's Church outside of Italy-3,365,OOO of them in League is to be merely a general t.he United Stat.es of America. New clearing house for all organizations of York City alone has over 803,(){){} active laymen who are members of Italians and other centers are Phila- Evangelical Churches, and who desire delphia, Chicago, Boston, Newark, to pray and work together for the San Francisco, Providence, Rochester, greater spiritual efficiency of the Cleveland, New Haven, Jersey City, Pittsburgh, Detroit and Paterson, Church of Christ. Without interfer- New Jersey. About 70,000 live in ing in any way with existing organi- Canada. zations in the denominations, this Among these people, American league will offer opportunity for a Protestant Christians have established fuller, richer spiritual life among about one hundred and seventy-five men, through consideration of their churches with over sixteen thousand common spiritual problems. The Gen- members. The largest work is done eral Committee of the new League will consist of representatives of the Laymen's Church League, each na- by the Baptists (North), the Presbytional organization of men in evan- terians (North) , the Methodists gelical denominations, and e a c h (North), and the Protestant Episnational interdenominational men's copal Church, but ten other denomina- organization in the United States and tions also report Italian evangelical Canada. This General Committee churches.

will not have any employed secreta- ries for the present. The League Mormonism Highly Organized'

commended to the special considera- THE effil!iency and thoroughness of tion of Christian men everywhere the the Mormon organization are debanding of themselves together for scribed by a Utah pastor, who writes prayer and active personal witness- in The Presbyterian of a little girl ing, including an effort to get the New who each day during the vacation at- Testament into the possession of every tends some class, which is held under person willing to read it. the auspices of the church, which Presbyterian Foreign Board helps keep the older people at work, and at which she is instructed as to THE annnal report of the Board of the prophet Joseph Smith, the gold Foreign Missions, presented to the plates, the only true church, or some General Assembly, shows that the other distinctively Mormon funda- total contributions for the year were mental. As 81'11001 opens for fall ses- $4,430,028.74. This is a larger amount sions, every week she will attend her of money than in any previous year religious class in the public school except when the great deficit was building, just after school hours, and raised in 1923-24. It did not, how- be taught by one of the school ever, meet the budget, which was $5,- teachers, all of whom are Mormons.

Her oldel' brother will take his in- are mutual reserve, fear and distrust, struction in the Mormon religion dur- and a mutual feelinll' of racial supe- ing school hours in the theoloiieal riority. Indifference on tile part of seminary, Ward teachers are ap- Americans was also said to be a diffi- pointed for every block in the city, culty. It was suggested tha~ foreign and once a month these teachers ~o students should be received ;at our their rounds, calling, exhorting, in- ports of entry by Y. ltI. C:A:'repre- structing, rebuking, as the need may sentatives in order that their first seemingly be. Quarterly a stake con- impression might be one o~ hospi- ference is held, which includes the tality. The students were urged to faithful of perhaps half a county, and discourage any violation of American semi-annually the general conference immigration laws by their own na- is held in Salt Lake City, at which tionals. On Sunday the visiting stu- gatherings thousands congregate from dents spoke to Bible study classes in all parts of the Mormon domain. At the churches of the city.

these gatherings, instruction is given the people by the prophet, the Hampton-Tuskegee Campaign T apostles, the presiding bishop, and HE effort of these two great insti- tutions to raise $5,000,000 for enother leaders. dowment is making good headway. Chapel Ca~ Work From private donations $1,500,000 GREATER demands than ever be- was obtained, and thereupon $1,000,- fore are being made for the serv- 000 accrued to the fund from the ices of the missionaries in charge of General Bducation Board, which had the chapel cars now in operation by pledged that sum on the condition the American Baptists. Numerous that the trustees of the two institutes meeting-houses have been built as a raise an equal amount. An additional result of this work, and many $2,000,000, offered by George' East- churches each year are stimulated in man, head of the Eastman Kodak their evangelistic and missionary Company, is now at stake. Mr. East- undel-takings. These Home Mission man's offer is contingent upon Hamp- and Publication Societies have now ton's and Tuskegee's succees in rais- seven cars, the names of which are ing their $5,000,000 endowment fund significant: ".Evangel, " , 'Emman- exclusive of his pledge. Mr. East- uel, " "Glad Tidings," "Messenger of man's $2,000,000 is the largest single Peace," "Grace," and "Herald of offer ever made to the cause of Negro Hope." education. If the $2,500,000 balance of the $5,000,000 is raised by Decem- An International Week-End ber 31, 1925, Nil'. Eastman will give FIFTY foreign students learned at least $2,000,000 more, on condi- something of American home life tions that will ultimately mean a still at a recent week-end conference. Their hosts, members of a Y. M. C. A. larger sum. Thus the success of the bQYs' division, who entertained the whole campaign for $7,000,000 for students in their homes, gained a Negro education depends on the raisclearer understanding of the points of ing of $2,500,000 during the current year.

view of other nations. This conference, al'rang-ed by the students them- Southern Interracial Meeting N intensh-e anti-Iynchin~ cam- A selves, is onll of a numbllr of similar paign, the promotion of the study meetings in different partir of th{l country, designed to give opportunity of race relat.ionFl in colleges and to discuss the ways and means toward schools, and efforttl for more adequate more friendly relations among races school facilities, better housing and and nations. It was decided that some general welfare of the colored people things which prevent such relations of the South, were among the major

1925J NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

objectives set for the coming year by These are of mixed Spanish and Inthe Southern Uommission on Inter- dian stock. Their government is racial Cooperation, in session in At- fairly stable and the educational syslanta, April 22-24. Sixty representa- tem is unusually good-with elementive men and women of both races- tary, normal and advanced schools bishops, secretaries of great church and night and day cla8ses. There are boards, educators, Y. M. C. A. execu- also schools for the workingmen. The tives, business and professional men, country was conquered by the Spanand women prominent in church and iards in 1526 and became independent in ] 840, adopting a constitution in club circles-were present from all ]864. About one half of the people over the South, all the states except are Indians, and only five per eent are Arkansas being represented. The of European descent. IJife is primi- Commission's keenest interest was tive and the natives live largely by centered on suppressing lynching. raising sugar, rice, cotton, cocoa and The marked decrease in lynching dur- balsam. Roman Catholicism is domiing the last three years was ascribed nant. Bible circulation is opposed by largel~' to the mobilization of South- the priests and many of the people are ern women against it, to the con- irreligious and superstitious. The demnation voiced almost unanimously by the press, and to special anti-lynch- American Baptist Home Mission Soing legislation in certain states. The ciety entered this field in 1911.

Commission determined to push the crusade more vigorously than ever. South American "D_ V. B. S."

A Useful School in Alaska THE first Dailv Vacation Bible School in Arger"'Itina was held last THE Sheldon Jackson School, con- January in the Theological Seminary ducted by the Presbyterian Church of Buenos Aires. Most of the children in Sitka, Alaska, reports the following were reached through the Sundaytypes of community service for the school recently organized in that in. year: stitution_ The Seminary is new and (1) Red Cross course of instruction for is located in a f;ection of the city where vlJJage women conducted by the school nurse. no religious work had been conducted. The attendance at this initial D. V. (2) Visitation by nurse in village attend- B. S. averaged 27 and all were chiling upon the sick. dren who were not being reached by any church. A young Bolivian was (3) Bible class in Sunday-school for adult the superintendent of this school, a natives outside the school. graduate of one of the mission schools in Bolivia, who was attending one of (4) Mission Sunday-school held in Bureau the secondary schools in Buenos Aires_ of Education building with a Sheldon Jack- The song and story hours and the son teacher as superintendent and boys and hand work period were all carried girls from the high school as teachers. There out most efficiently. Bible stories and are over seventy enrolled in this school. instruction in the Book were given and some of the parables were drama- (5) Cooperation in public entertainments. tized_ The play activities were also (6) Social events to which members of the under general supervision. This new community are invited. type of school has awakened great in- (7) Athletic events arranged with teams terest and next year several such from various communities. schools will be in operation. In De- (8) Cooperation in services held in the cember a similar school was begun in village for non-speaking English natives. San .Sebastiao, Brazil, and though (9) During the year the superintendent handIcapped by poor accommodati:)ns has done what he could to supply the vacant pulpit in the native church and render pastoral services.

LATIN AMERICA Little Salvador THE' smallest state of Central America is Salvador – a country smaller than New Jersey-with a and Romanist opposition accom- population of about 1,200,000 people. plished good work. '

The Printed Page in Peru rector of our church in Pdotas alld a I N a report on Christian Literature former member of my own Sunday- presented at the Montevideo Con- school in Santa Maria, needless to say gress, John Ritchie of Lima, Peru, onr hearts were full."

called attention to the need for a book EUROPE on Prote~tantisll1 and progrcss. He said: "Here is a great subject from England's Drink Bill T which the South American cannot HE National Commercial Temper- ance League, an English organizaescape: the Protestant nations are prosperous and progressive beyond all tion of business men, addressed to comparison 'with the Papal nations. some 100,001) business men through- However the fact may be accounted out the country an appeal, quoted in for, it is th('re before his eye." In the Christian World, which points out discussing the use of literature in mis- that there are 1,000,000 unemployed, sionary work, he said: "The printing that £1,000,000 is spent each week on press has been persistently employed unemployment relief, and that £1,000,- for a number of years, for the steady 000 is spent each working day on inand broadcast distribution of the toxicants. To turn this last outlay to gospel message, with the result that more productive channels, and so protoday there are regions of Central vide work for the workless, the League Peru ready for the harvest, where the asks business men to agree to drink evangelist only needs visit the place no intoxicants (as beverages) throughand gather together a congregation." out 1925; or, if they will not promise Thirty Years in Brazil that, at least to promise to abstain during Lent (Pebruary 25 to April TIlE joy of seeing the fruit of his 11). A neat card places the facts :H'mrt: has heen experienced by and the appeal before the recipients, Rev. Pr. :Horris. Protestant Episeopal and they are asked to sign one or missionary in Brazil, who writes: other of the promises, and return the "Bishop Kinsolving and myself, the card to the League's headquarters.

only two left now of the original four 'rhe card emphasizes that this is a Virginians that started thi'l work, had "patriotic appeal to reduce unem- a rare experience in Rio :l:rande. We, ployment," and an apt quotation is who more than thirty years ago made from the King's Speech to landed at this port unknown, inex- Parliament, that "economy in every perienced, friendless, where we had sphere is imperative" to restore in- no followers and no sympathizers, dustrial and commercial prosperity.

who, in the thought of the few To sign the card means "true econ- friendly English, who knew us, were omy and real patriotism. " From engaged in an impossible and useless another source come these figures: task, sat in a beautiful chureh, , 'T'he drink bill of Great Britain last crowded with an intelligent, devout, year increased by $40,000,000. Th,e enthusiastic congregation, surrounded national beer bill was two and a half by eighteen brother clergy (all Bra- times the milk bill. Since the Armis- zilians save three), and took part in tice the nation has spent seven times the solemn ordination to the priest- as much for drink as for doles and hood of two of our own sons in the poor relief. The estimated expendi- faith. It is an experience which few ture for intoxicating liquors was men have enjoyed, and that night £315,858,000, of which about one when in the presence of a eongrega- third was for 'spirits.' "

tion that packed the splendid church nineteen persons, mostly adults, re- Belgian Gospel Mission T ceived the apostolic rite of laying on ~E wor~ which is being carried on III BelgIUm under the leadership of hands and a great sermon was preached by the Rev. Severo de Silva, of Mr. and Mrs. Ralph O. Norton is

NEWS FROll'[ MANY LANDS

already familiar to readers of the Russi……s Eager for Testament.

D REVIEW. Mrs. 0:orton reports: "We A. DAVIS, Y. M. C. A. Senior .Secretary for Europe, in a letter 11aye seen a most satisfactory growth in the work this last year. God has concerning a recent trip to Latvia, sent us ten new workers and a number writes that when the work of the of new posts have been established. Y. M. C. A., which had been carried on for l'{,ussians in Germany, was Thell, too, He enabled us to purchase closed out, many thOlmands of Rusa building for our Brussels head- sian New Testaments left in the store- house were sent to Russian clergymen quarter" at a very reasonable price for distribution. He says: "The and in a very desirllble location in the Archbishop of Riga told me with tears heart of the city. When it is com- in his eyes that, except on Easter day, pleted we beliey~ it will be just w~~t he had never seen such crowds of peowe have needed, housing all the actlvI- ple pour into the Church as came to ties of the mission offices, book store, receive from his hand a copy of the Bible school, dormitories and church New Testament. Mothers crowded in hall, seating ~ome five or six hundred and lifted IIp their children that the people. '1'he M.ission is now at work children might, with their own hands, in thirty-two centers, and is conduct- receive a copy of this rare and sacred ing two Bible s8hools in which both book. He said that in some towns, French and Flt;mish are spoken."

even of 30,000 people, a copy of the Germa,n Prohibition Movement New Testament could not be secured A~ATION.WIDE drive with the at any price, and that even those ultimate object of putting Ger- copies which could be secured in Riga, many in the dry column was launched the capital of the country, cost so on Mav 10th with a series of addresses much that it ,vas impossible for the from 'pulpits of all denominations. poor people to buy them. Many The leaders of the movement, according to the Christian Observer, say families who for years have longed they hope to have 15,000,000 votes for a Testament have finally had their great desire satisfied."

pledged to the canse before Septem- AFRICA ber. Women figure prominently in Africa's Claims and Needs the movement, one of the strongest TIllS was the title of an address contingents in the prohibition army delivered at Hampton Institute on being the evangelical women's league, Founder's .. Day by Orishatukeh with more than 1,000,000 members. Faduma, a native Nigerian, who is a Failure to secure prompt and efficient graduate of the University of London legislation through the national par- and of Yale Divillity School. He said liament and local diets has prompted in part: the leaders of the movement to adopt "The great need of Africa is a dynamic the loeal option device, as a quicker civilization. She needs, for the twofold method of gauging public sentiment benefit of herself and the world, a larger as regards prohibition. "Germany supply of modern spirit from without as well as an outlet for what is already ill her spends 2,500,000,000 marks an~uall'y possession. If Africa is to be regenerated for beer, wines and liquors, whICh IS it must come largely through her sons and anything but flattering, when it is re- ,daughters who are being trained and fitted for service and responsibility. . • . The called that the Dawes reparation loan time for Africa IS mental, spiritual, and maamounted to only 300,000,000 marks," terial emal1ei~iQn is ripe. Her sons were one of the dry leaders remarked by never mor'e- eager to be taught on modern lin~s than now. 'The barriers of the great At.

way of reflecting on the financial lantic, foreign climate, inadequate means of effect of prohibition On Germany's ~upp.ort B;'nd for education, as well as rigid public and private economics. ImmIgratIon laws prevent many a patriotic student from attaining his desire to benefit

his country. I am not one of those who are recent annual report, declares educa- prophesying or advising the return of all tion to be "the cornerstone of Gov- American Negroes to their ancestral laud. ernment's main policy." The report But I am praying and hoping that the points out the importance of such hearts of the students in all the schools will questions as thoroughness, provision be so filled with the Christian missionary of secondary schools with standards spirit that they will give the very best in of university preparation for young service to Africa for the sake of Africa and men and young women, the univer- for the sake of Christ." sity, co-education for boys and girls, teachers of the highest possible Portraying Christ to Moslellls quality, character training with re- ligious teaching as a part of the edu- REV. STEPHEN VAN R. TROW- cational plan, organized games as a BIUDGE, Field Secretary in part of school life, and school courses Egypt for the World's Sunday School which give special attention to the Association, says that the deepest need health, welfare and industries of the of the work is "faith-filled, prevailing locality. It has also been decided that prayer for the inner life of the secre- these schools should be supervised by taries on the field. 'ro portray the a staff of efficient African inspectors, character and to reproduce the habits and that, while English will be given, of the living Christ in these pre- the lower schools will be taught in the . dominantly Moslem communities, we vernacular, There is to be "coopera- need the spark of fire which comes tion between the Government and the only from secret and intimate friend- missions, and the latter should be sub- ship with' Christ, from hours spent in sidized for educational purposes," the mystery of His presence, We with the corollary "that the Govern- need todav the heroic concentration ment must have ultimate control of and the iaintly nobility of soul of education throughout the Gold Henry· Martyn, Moslems are not im- Coast." pressed by the amount of work some missionaries are able to do; but they Problems of Krn Christians are very deeply impressed when they discover such men as our present DECISIONS ,reached by the Kru Bishop of Bgypt, Bishop Gwynne, Coast district conference of the spending hours in the early morning Liberia Mission of the Methodist in personal communion and prayer, Episcopal Church show some of the or when they find such a man as For- difficulties of these African Chris- man of North Inilia holding such per- tians. The issuing of licenses, or the f.ect control of his temper and will- renewing of old licenses, was refused ingly forgiving those who have done to exhorters and local preachers who stupid or unkind acts, I was asking cannot read and write. The confer- an Egyptian recently regarding the ence took action on the status of choir secret of Dr, Harpur's remarkable in- girls who run from one husband to fluence with the Moslem patients in another, and on the matter of Kru the Old Cairo Hospital. He replied: Christian women marrying men who 'Dr. Harpur treats plowmen and already have other wives. Such con- laborers as though they were men of duct is forbidden and punishable by consequence, .A nd Christ did the expulsion from the church, The con- same. Naturally, they love the ference also strictly forbade all male doctor.' And I may add, 'Thus they members of the Methodist Episcopal make the first approach to Christ the Church within the bounds of the Kru Saviour.' " Coast District, to put away the former wife in order to marry an- Educa.tion for the Gold Coa.st other, The penalty for that offense is expulsion from the church, One of SIR FREDERICK GORDON GUG- the high lights of the sessions WIIS the GISBERG, Governor and Commander-in-Chier of the Gold Coast Colony and its dependencies, in his

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

afternoon on which the matter of Missionary Society in the Zaria Prov- Christian tithing was presented, when ince, which contains 400 towns, in an twenty-six Kru Christians, thirteen impassioned appeal for helpers, draws of them new members, took their a dark picture of the ignorance and stand before the conference, pledging suffering in the province. A boy of to tithe their incomes until death. It sixteen with his whole arm torn away is planned to use the income derived from the shoulder and a resulting from these tithes to open another wOllnd revolting to describe, walked preaching charge on the district and thirteen days' journey to Dr. Miller, support a Kru preacher, thereby there being no nearer place to which starting real home mission work on he could go for medical assistance! this foreign field. The boy arrived just alive, after hav- ing been driven out of village after Stanley's Bible in Uganda village because of his disgusting con- dition. He is now cured, well and THE British and Foreign Bible So- happy, among others of his own peo- ciety calls attention to the fact ple in the C. M. S. compound at Zaria. that just fifty years ago this spring Henry M. Stanley had his first con- THE NEAR EAST versation with King Mtesa, and translated the 'l'en Commandments into In Palestine Today Luganda. Urged on by Mtesa, he, with the help 'of Dallington, pupil of REV. S. B. ROHOLD, F.R.G.S., of the Universities' Mission, made a the British ,Jews Society, writes translation into Swahili of an abstract from Haifa, the chief port of entry of the Scriptures. On April 14, 1875, into Palestine: "Everyone is ready Stanley "rote his famous letter to the to listen to the missionary or colpor- I.london Daily Telegraph which led teur, whoeyer he is, when he has somethe Church ;1issionary Society to be- thing to say in favor of the Bible. gin its work in Uganda. After the The people here in Palestine – it abridged Bible ,vas completed, Mtesa matters very little who they are, Mosealled his ehiefs together and said: leins, Christians, Jews or Be 'hais or "I have listened to it all well pleased, Druses, or even Bedouins who cannot and now I ask you, shall we accept read-are ready to listen reverently this Rook or Mohammed's book as to anything we have to say on behalf our guide 1" To this they replied: of the Book. 'I'here have come in a "We will take the white man's new kind of people, known as the Book." "But alas!" says a writer Zionist-Halutzim (advancers, forein The Bible in the World, "for the runners, pioneers). They are mostly frailty of promises made in ignorance. young men and young women from Not in this manner were the Baganda Hussia, Humania, Poland, Galicia, to be won for Christ. . . . Events Czecho-Slovakia, and Hungary. Over proved that only through blood and 40,000 have settled here since the anguish could the Church be estab- Armistice. They helong to what we lished in Uganda. But today, after can honestly call the better class of less than half a century, the Chris- Jewry. They are 'idealist' in every tians of Uganda number half a sense of the word. They have not million." come to the land to acquire wealth or possessions, tlley have come with the Thirteen Days to a Doctor idea of rebuilding Zion. All kinds of false statementR have been made about THE Northern Provinces of Nigeria, these men; for example, that they are which is one of the biggest and irreligious. They do not hold to the most important of the British Crown ancient form of .TIldaism, as they have Colonies, contain a population of more found it barren and insufficient to than 10,000,000 people. Dr. W. R. S. satisfy the longings of their hearts, Miller, a missionary of the Church but they are not irreligious. "

Moslems at a Mission School side Armenians, Assyrians, Greeks AM~SSIONAR~ of th~ Church Mis- and three Protestant Baghdadians. SiOnary SOcIety m Palestine Several Moslem families have exwrites as follows: ' 'As I sit, I can hear the Moslem call to prayer from pressed their intention socfhosoelndisiniO~' the minaret of the mosque. The their daughters when the mos£lue and tomb are guarded by a clan of several hundred Moslems, who a separate building from the school have e,:joyed certain privileges for generatiOns. Years ago they were for boys. "'l'hey are lovely girls, specially fanatical and were considered dangerous neighbors. Now, in- WIth such abounding and refreshing stead. of curses and stoning, friendly greetmgs are the order of the day; eagerness to absorh all one can give. and of late years a number of their boys have been coming to us for teach- ,Ve carry three classes, have three ing. The muezzin whose duty it is to teachers and are very busv. But teaching is a joy and a privilege when on.e Clt:n ~nrich l~ves like these. Every- thmg !S mteres!l~g. One of the things that IS of abl(bng interest is how racial and religious barriers are being broken down hy these close contacts."

so!,nd the call for prayer from the INDIA AND SIAM mmaret of the mosque, was among those who sent a son to the schooL" Slavery Abolished in Nepal A Strategic 'Generation THE Maharaja of Nepal-a native state on the northeast frontier of BA:aCLAY ACHESON, after point- India-·issued early this year a re- mg out the fagcovt etrhnamt~nnteawl soincsitail~ markable manifesto intended to set educational and free the 51,000 slaves in his kingdom. The Committee of the Anti-Slavery tutions are being attempted today in and Aborigines' Protection Society says: "Not within living memory has every part of the Near East, says of such a remarkable step been sponta- neously taken by any ruler with re- Near East Relief: "rfhe fact that gard to. slavery. The appeal of the MaharaJa of Nepal to his people is an there are tens of thousands of children in our care at this moment and in this place, seems to be a God·given opportunity for exerting a constructive influence at a strategic moment. exhaustive argument and declaration 'l'hese children are in reality the of nearly 20,000 words. The docucream of this generation. The weak- ment falls into four main parts: (a) The l~ecsoso~noms iocf r;;lavery in history· lings are dead. Only the physically (b) The fallacy of slavery; strong and the mentally alert sur- (c) An mdIgnant condemnation of vived the recent cruel processes of the crime, and a warning to slave elimination. . . . America can make traders; (d) T~~ Government's proa tremendou~ contribntw.u· to thi~ posals for abohtiOn. The economic renaissance period in the Near East .arguments, Rupported by statistical and to the construction that is already tables, are marshalled with convincing under way." effect, but throughout the manifesto Girls' School in Baghdad it is the plea of abolition on moral and religious grounds which arrests ONE form of the joint enterprise attention." The llfaharaja refuses to . begun in Mesopotamia by Amer- reconsider in any way his decision ul- Ican Reformed and Presbyterian missionary boards is a sehool for girls in toinmlyatpeolyinttoforedraisdciucsastieonsilsavpreoryc~· durthe,e Baghdad. :Mrs. Ida Staudt writes and liOw long the process is to take.

that the enrolment of forty includes "The point for consideration now"

a group of Jewish girls–descendants t.he document states, "is whether the of the Jews who were carrili;9, captive system of apprenticing freed slaves to Babylon by Nebuchadnezzar-be- for a period of seven years would be

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

preferable, or whether you would pre- sion in the Punjab, in order to break fer a wholesale and immediate eman- down the old fallacy whiah India has cipation to come into force on a pre- held for centuries that only Brahmins determined date." It is stated that are capable of intellectual develophe ha.8 personally set aside fourteen ment and should receive education. lakhs of rupees (about $450,000) to Sixty boys, selected at random from carry the measure into effect. some nine hundred in the schools of the Methodist Episcopal Church in Bishop Thoburn's School the Punjab, were given seventy-two individual tests. The lads were from I N order to commemorate the birth- Hindu, Mohammedan and outcaste day of its founder, Bishop James families, and most of them the chil- M. Thoburn, long a conspicuous fig- dren of parents who had never been ure in Methodist missions, the Cal- to school and could neither read nor cutta Boys' School this year estab- write in any language. According to lished the practice of awarding the Dr. Fawell the average intelligence honors and medals for the preceding shown by these boys was just as high year on that day, March 7th. A large as the average intelligence shown by company gathered to honor the mem- sixty boys from Brahmin families put ory of the Bishop, and to show appre- through the same tests. Dr. Fawell dation of the prize-winning students. says that the results of these tests Miss Ava F. Hunt, about to start on should do much to break down the furlough after a full term spent in theory of superiority of the Brahmins the Calcutta Girls' High School, dis- through which that class has maintributed the awards, and Rev. G. A. tained itself in intellectual power for Odgers, M.A., Principal of the School, ages. read his report, a few salient features of which were as follows: " Today Tamil Bible Revision is the eighty-ninth natal anniversary of the great Christian statesman, who THE Tamil New Testament, transin 1877 opened in his home the small lated by Bartholomaus Ziegenbalg day school which grew into the Cal·· (,1682-1719) was the earliest printed cutta Boys' School. In the forty- in a language of India. The first ediseven years that have passed since tion of the Tamil Bible published by that God-inspired action was taken the British and Foreign Bible Society 3,013 names have been written upon was dated 1840. This Bible is now the student roll and the school has undergoing revision. The revisers are grown from a small class to an insti- the Rev. L. P. Larsen, D.D., of the tution with an annual enrolment well Danish Mission and Principal of the over two hundred; from an unhoused United Theological College, Bangaorphan to a substantial membE'r of so- lore, and Mr. G. S. Doraiswamy, ciety, owning property conservatively Tamil Literary Secretary of the Y. M. valued at Rs. 12 lakhs. The first staff C. A. Both of these gentlemen have was the Bishop's housekeeper. The bp,<''1 released from their duties in present staff numbers five graduates, order to devote their whole time, at nine certificated teachers, three ma- the Bible Society's expense, to this trons, the prefect, and the Principal's important work. secretary. " Missions and "Movies" An Intelligence Test T HE character of many of the mov- REV. WILLIAM C. FAWEUJ, ing pictures displayed in India is, missionary 0 f the Methodist in the opinion of the Indian Witness, Episcopal Church, reports that an a serious obstacle to the spread of the adaptation of the Binet Intelligence Gospel. It says: "The missionary Test has been used in one of the community should give this matter schools for boys conducted by the mis- serious attention. It is well known

that the pictures are nearly all pro- 1,030 as non-Christian. Eight of the duced in the very lands from which colleges are for men, three are for most of the missionaries in India have women and seven are co-educational, come. How seriously this fact inter- with a small number of women. About feres with the objects of missionary one fourth of the students come from work, has perhaps been realized by Christian homes. The enrolment has few. The progress of the Christian nearly doubled in the past four years. faith in India is not bound up with Of the 3,820 graduates, 5% (168) the prestige of the so-called Christian lands, but there can be no doubt that are in the Christian ministry, 11 % the opinion of the Christian religion held by many is determined largely (355) are in social and religious by their judgments of the effects of work; 25.350 (840) are teaching in Christianity in those lands where it Christian schools, 6% (199) in other has held sway longest. ~When the In- schools, 11% (383) are in medical dian in Calcutta, Bombay, Delhi or work and 12% (403) are in business. any other city sees vile or suggestive pictures and knows that they have Of the 817 members of the faculties, been produced in America or in Great over one half are Chinese. There is Britain it is natural for him to sup- no record given as to the Christian pose that he is beholding that which standing of the faculty members. is typical o~ the social life of those lands.". Buddhist Revival in China Home Mission Board in Siam ENCOl1RAGING as are the results of Christ.ian effort in China, a ONE of the new things in Siam the writer in China's -"Millions points out past year has been the organiza- that there are "unmistakable signs of tion of a Board of Home Missions by an attempt to revive Buddhism. New the Siamese Christians. This was set and sometimes gorgeous temples are up in August, and consists of four being erected, and hundreds of neo- Siamese pastors, a young Eurasian phytes are being initiated into the city evangelist, a woman worker from Buddhist priesthood. l'here is also a Summy, a teacher from Wittaya revival of Buddhist literature. The Academy and two foreigners, Dr. printing presses of China are turning George McFarland and Rev. Paul A. out many new books, as well as new Eakin. Mrs. Eakin, in writing of the editions of the old classics, which fornew board, comments upon the fact merly were only to be found in the that the two foreigners chosen were libraries of well-endo'wed monasteries. both born in Siam, and only one, Mr. Scholars of high repute are also lend- Eakin, is connected with the mission. ing their pens to propaganda, and The Siamese planned the enterprise booklets and placards are being disyery quietly, letting the missionaries tributed in the Chinese saloons of the know about it onl.v when all arrange- river steamers and in other places ments were practically complete. The where lllen congregate. Opposition is fund with which to start their home sometimes the surest evidence that mission work they raised among them- Christianity is a living and active selves.-The Continent. faith. And such efforts to revive Buddhism are less regrettable than a CHINA spirit of callous indifference would be, for indifference is one of the most Minionary Colleges in China aifficult attitudes of mind the mission- ary ha3 to encounter." THERE are now eighteen mission- ary institutions of college grade in Feng's Soldiers Meet Tests China, with a total of 3,450 men and 451 women students. Of these, 2,430 DR. DANnJT, MacGILLIVRAY, or 62.2% are classed as Christians and one of the best-known medical missionaries in China, recently told

NEWS FROM MANY LANIlS

the following incident: "The doctors Rescued by Brigands of the Union Medical College and Hospital in Peking needed, for some of SOME seventv miles west of the their patients, pure blood for transfu- Peking-Hankow Railway, there is sion, but found few willing to volun- a place called Kiahsien, where the teer, and fewer Rtill whose blood was English United Methodist Church is free from venereal taint. When Mar- at work. The brigands scaled its shal Feng heard of it he called for walls and took full possession of the volunteers from among his troops, and city. The.' ,;ig'nalized their entry by almost one hnndred men stepped for- butchering hundreds of the inhabitward witl] alacrity. 'But,' said the ants. After a month's occupation scientific men, 'their blood must stand they left, and a few days following, bacteriological tests.' 'No fear,' said the place was visited by the London the Marshal, 'apply your severest Times correspondent. In vivid lantests.' The result was that practically guage he describes the awful effects all were discovered to have pure of brigand occupation of the city, and blood, thus showing that the Marshal's then conti.nues: "The most remarkmen were clean livers. " able and outstanding fact in this dreary story of murder, rape and Another Christian General wanton destruction is the way the mission compounds have remained in- GENERAT-1 CHANG CHIll' tact and the misilionaries unharmed; C H A .:-; G, one of the Christian and while the native Christians have officers of Marshal Feng, is now tu- been spared suffering and 'death, their ehun OJ" governor of Charhar, with his heathen neighbors have experienced capital at Kalgan, 200 miles north of the tortures of hell. The Kiahsien Peking. In an interview granted re- mission station was the only place in eentIy t.o Rev. Carl Soderbom and the city where there was any order, Re.v. George T. B. Davis, he stated where murder, rape and pillage were that the acts of Marshal Feng which not the rule of the day. In the chapel Jed to the stopping of civil war last and sehoolrooms were crowded over year were entirely directed by his 500 persons, men, women and childesire to do the will of God. "From dren, shut in day after day. Finally, the beginning of its career," he said, the chief of the brigands with a body- "the Christian army had not dared to guard of his soldiers, escorted these take a step without divine sanction." Christian people out of the city. This General Chang finds time in spite of to me appears as much of a miracle hi;;: heavy military and administrative as Peter's escaping out of the prison, duties to carryon an extensive evan- as related in Act,; 12." gelistic program. He has been planning to send out into several provinces Prominent Christians of China evangelistic bands composed of officers of his army. His plan's T z. KOO, in an address at the refulfillment awaits only the sanction of o cent student conference in Man- Marshal Feng. But this Christian chester, England, paid high tribute to general's concern for the salvation of the strong and growing influence of souls is not confined to his public Christianity throughout China. preaching. 'rhe story is told that one Among other things he said; " A of his first qnestions to one of the g.reat banker from the West, after foreign consuls in Kalgan was several years of residence in our coun· whether he was a Christian. When try, made the observation that if one the reply was a bit dubious, he asked is to study the new constructive movewhether he had ever examined the ments which have arisen in China in doctrine. recent years, one will find some Chris- tian influence responsible for all of them. On first hearing, this sounds

very like an exaggeration. Yet, if we contrary, they prove bad guessers, are to look at the different professions they will serve out long sentences at of life in our country today, we will hard labor." find in their foremost ranks leaders who are Christian men and women: A Chinese Y. M. C. A. Leader P. W. Kuo and Chang Po Ling in the educational world; C. H. Wang, As- DR. DAvrD YUI, general secretary sociate Judge in the International of the Y. M. C. A. in China, is de- Court of Justice, The Hague, and h scribed by P. Whitwell Wilson, the N. Chang in the legal profession. British journalist, as "100 per cent W. W. Yen and C. T. Wang, once Chinese. " Educated at St. John's P,rime Minister and Minister of For- University, a mISSIOn college at eign Affairs respectively, are both Shanghai, and with an M.A. degree sons of pastors; General Feng Yii- from Harvard, he has not become hsiang, in spite of much nonsense Europeanized or Americanized. "No written about him in the British man living has been animated by a press, is a Christian in military life; more genuine patriotism than he," according to Mr. Wilson. "He is a Dr. Mary Stone and Dr. 'V. L. New, statesman as well as a Christian. He belongs to that class of literati or Chairmen of the China Medical Asso- learned men who have been, for thouciation, are prominent in the medical sands of years, the real rulers of profession. ' , China. But in his case the limits of Chinese erudition have broken down A Magistrate's Methods and his outlook is as wide as the world. " Christianity is being tried DR. GUY W. HAMILTON, Presby- in China. ' 'The Chinese are a p.rac- terian medical missionary in tical people," says Dr. Yui, "and China, sends this interesting study of what they ask about a religion is- Chinese character: "Since the ter- Does it work? Christianity has inrible earthquake in Japan, and the deed come to us-but how 1 • To begin lesser shocks experienced in Peking, with, there are 130 missions, all sepunscrupulous characters have sought arate and all trying to convert the to capitalize the fear and credulity of Chinese. Why is that 1 Then we look the peasantry throughout the country. at your wars and we ask-Is that Literature and reports have been in- Christianity Y Christian nations come dustriously circulated by a society to Peking and interfere with our govclaiming inside information, and cit- ernment-and ag'ain we ask-Why?" ing the calamities in Japan and elsewhere as the beginning of tribulations A Hainan Mission Treasurer mentioned in the foreigner's Bible which presage the end of all things. MISS M. M. MONINGER, of the They set the day of doom and offered American Presbyterian Mission immunity from the terrors of the at Kachek, Island of Hainan, writes Judgment to all who would pay the of some of the experiences which price of initiation into the society. make the work of a mission treasurer The magistrate at length took a hand complicated as well as interesting: to stop the robbing of the gullible peo- "An old man often comes to the staple of his district, and placed those tion treasurer to buy a mission order responsible under arrest. His Excel- to send to his son in school in Canton. lency told the get-rich-quick pro- The roll of dollars is unwTapped, to moters that they are to be guests in go through the processes of ringing, the local jail until the date indicated selecting, and scrutinizing, that often in their prospectus as the day of fail even then to cast out the dirt. doom, and if their prophecies turn out The treasurer's fingers feel the sand true he will order their names canon- or ashes, as the case may be, on the ized along with those of the other gritty dollars, and the old man anbenefactors of the country; if, on the

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

swers wearily, shaking his head the Thirty Years a Teacher while, 'Yes, the thieves are so bad we bury our money-and then often our T HE Girls' School, conducted by own servants dig it up, or we forget the M. E. Church, South, in Hirothe exact location and never find the shima, Japan, is paying tribute to rolls.' ….. . "two rare personalities," Mr. and lIfrs. Yasunaga, who have been con- The families of several young men nected with the school for thirty who are students in Peking, Shang- years. They have served in the prihai, Nanking, Hangchow, and Canton mary and kindergarten departments, remit all their money through us. but their influence permeated the en- This year we have already handled tire school, the Church, the neighborover $3,000 in this way. Tracts, hood-reaching distant parts of the Christian newspapers and gospel por- cmpire, penetrating to distant lands, tions are given to these men as they through the pupils they taught and bring the money, and a Christian con- inspired with ideals. Old and young tact is doubtless established with the alike have received inspiration from pupils by the paying treasurers." him, because of his simple practical faith. For twenty years he has been JAPAN-KOREA trying to resign from the school, but his resignation was as often turned Earnest Japanese Students down, because all felt that although he was older than primary teachers REV. EDWIN T. IGLEHART are supposed to be, in heart and spirit writes of the Methodist College he was very young, and there was no in Tokyo, Aoyama Gakuin, which was one to take his place. In September, badly damaged in the ] 923 earth- 1924, he refused to continue as quake: "Our work is still being car- teacher of the children. In view of ried on in temporary shacks, with the his devoted service, Mr. Yasunaga's wind whistling through the knotholes, early life is worth recalling. As a lad and no heat even in the intense winter he was made a political prisoner in cold. But in spite of this we have had the Satsuma Rebellion, and as such eleven hundred applicants for admis- given work on the campus of Kobe sion dnring the past week, of whom College for Women. The Christian we can take in about 450. We are kindness shown to him there ultimate· hoping that before another year has ly led to his conversion. gone by we will be in new concrete school buildings. The boys are open- The Gospel at a Funeral hearted toward the truth of Christ, and we have large classes of converts, AJAPANESE Christian named aetive Y. lVI. C. A. work among them, Higuchi and his two sons were a large college church, and many among those who were killed in the forms of Christian activity. The Bible 1923 earthquake. Overcome by her is taught as part of the regular cur- loss, Mrs. Higuchi died of a brain riculum in every class and we find disease in her native village a year this to be a very great opportunity for later. 'fhe neighbors and friends reaching the hearts and lives of liter- told the old mother and only survivally thousands of the fine young men ing son that all this trouble had come of Japan. Some of them come from upon them because they had forsaken high and noble families; some are so the gods of Japan and worshipped the poor that they work until late into the Christian God, now they must return light at post offices and other places to their old religion and all would be to put themselves through school. In right. They flatly refused to listen to our theological department we have their advice and telegraphed to a students from more than a dozen dif- J I!-panese pastor to come and conduct ferent denominations, preparing for the funeral. He arrived on the mornthe work of the Christian ministry."

ing of the funeral and was able to rying on a Protestant church on the preach the Gospel to some fifty peo- main street of the city, near a silk ple who had assembled in the house. factory and near the Seminary, ac- They were so impressed with the cording to word which comes to the message that they asked him to take Board of Foreign Missions of the another meeting in the evening. So Methodist Episcopal Church, from over twenty came again in the eve- the Rev. Charles S. Deming. "The ning to hear more. These were the students not only carryon all the people who had been persecuting the regular church services," he says, Higuchis. They said the thing they "but they run a night school every could not get over was the wonderful week-night and many of the workers peace and joy expressed on the face in the factories are enrolled in the of the old mother. Next day from classes. There are Bible classes as nine o'clock till three 0 'clock in the well as others in secular subjects. In afternoon Sukigara San was dealing addition to this, the seminary stuwith nine very earnest inquirers. dents are assigned to the several Quite a little revival broke out in that churches in Seoul and carryon conlittle village far away in the country. siderable pastoral work."

Problems in Care of Lepers GENERAL 'THE three leper hospitals in south- A Personally Conducted Tour ern Korea – Taiku, Fusan and DR. HARLAN P. BEACH, one of Kwangju-are not adequate for the the best known and best beloved large number of lepers in that region. of the missionary authorities in Amer- Many belong to the regularly pros- ica, is to conduct a five months' misperous middle classes, a considerable sionary tour of the Far East, starting number of whom are Christians. next September. The arrangements These constitute for the missionaries are being made by the "Temple a rather serious problem. The mis- Tours" of Boston, and the party will sionaries do not wish to forbid them visit Japan, Korea, China, the Philipthe privilege of attendance at church, pineH, Malaysia, Burma, India, Ceylon and yet must recognize that their and Egypt, at a cost of $3,630-first ~!'~sence in the crowded congrega- class all the way including hotels, tions of the average Korean church is automobiles and guides. Facilities a real and serious danger to their fel- will be offered for visiting the regular low members, Rev. J. Kelly Unger, points of interest in each country and in charge of the hospital at KwangJu, especial opportunity for seeing the has been particularly anxious to en- mission work of all societies. It will large and improve the provision for be a liberal education, with Dr. Beach the care of lepers, so that it may be as director and with missionaries and possible in real brotherliness to urge leading national Christians at each the Christian lepers to accept isola- point to give the local color and intion. But neither the people nor the timate viewpoints from such men as city officials at Kwangju are willing Toyohiko Kagawa of Japan, Dr. to permit the local hospital to be en- Cheng Ching Yi of China and K. T. larged. On his present furlough Mr. Paul of India. 'fhere will be lectures Unger is seeking to secure $23,000, to en route and books for special readpurchase the peninSUla of Soonchun, ing. As a former missionary in eighty miles west of K wangju, and to China, educational secretary of the erect the first buildings. Student Volunteer Movement, Pr-G- fessor of Missions at Yale University, Union Activities in Seoul author of many volumes, editor of the World :M:i&<;ionary Atlas and a STUDENTS Ot the Union Theo- student of missions for nearly forty logical Seminary in Seoul, Kore,a, years, no better director of this tour have organized and are entirely car-

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

could be selected than Professor ites of all the evangelical churches Harlan P. Beach. might be invited and by means of which a united testimony might be Stockholm Conference borne before our unbelieving breth- ren, the Gentile world and the THB Universal Christian Confer- Church of God." It has been de- ence on Life and Work, which is cided to hold such a conference Sept. to be held in Stockholm August 9-30, 5-12, 1925, in London, and the sub- 1925, has been described by an Eng- jects announced for discussion are as lish writer as "a Copec for the whole follows: Christian world." The international committee on arrangements-divided (1) The condition of Hebrew Christians into four sections, American, British, throughout the world. Continental and Eastern Orthodoxhas the work of preparation well in (2) The care of Hebrew Cllristian eonhand. The six topics to which the verts. thought of the conference is to be directed, by reports from commissions (3) The formation of a Hebrew Chrisof experts, were enumerated in the tian Zionist organization. J,fav REVIEW. The conference will ha';e no powet" to legislate, but Rev. (4) The relationship of the Hebrew Arthur J. Brown, D.D., secretary of Christian to the Gentile world. the Board of Foreign Missions of the Presbyterian Church in the U. S. A., (5) The desirability of forming a Hewho is chairman of the American sec- brew Christian Chureh. tion, has expressed his belief tha~ the conference will have the same shmu- (6) The best means or reaching unbelating effect on "the whole life and lieving Jews. work of the Church at home and abroad" as the great missionary con- (7) The testmony of the Hebrew Ghds· ferences of 1900 and 1910 had in tian in relatiou to higher criticism. bringing foreign missions in a m~re commanding way before the entIre Christian Services for Jews Church. Among the other benefits which he believes will result from this CHRISTIAN people often object to great o'athering are these: It will en- the statement of missionarv workable the churches of Burope, divided, ers among Jews that the practice of impoverished, and crippled by ~he neighborliness toward Jewish people O'reat war and its aftermath, to realIze includes a welcome to the Christian :new their essential brotherhood in church and its services, that the Jews Christ, and to take counsel with the will perhaps take all other advances churches of the rest of the world re- kindly but will balk at the idea of atgarding the tre,mendous task .o~ .re- tending Christian church services. constructing theIr shattered actIvItIes. Our Jew'ish Neighbors (New York) says that the contrary is provided by Hebrew Christian Conference the testimony of certain pastors who have" abandoned surmise in favor of THE Committee of the Hebrew experiment." Says one, a Philadel- Christian Alliance and Prayer phia pastor: "Recently I preached a Union, with headquarters in Essex, sE'ries of Sunday evening sermons on England, announces that a few "!'he Jew.' An average of twentymonths ago, it was approached .by five adult Jews heard each of the sersome Jewish Christians from AmerIca mons. One Jew who attended the "with a proposal to hold an Interna- first service has been present since tional Hebrew Christian Conference then at almost every service of the in London to which believing Israel- church. A Jewish business man, who heard all of the sermons, sent a lib- eral contribution to the church. Six J eWB are members of this church, one, a university student, making a con- fession of his faith at the last com- munion. "

A Baltimore pastill' reports the presence of "from twelve to twenty- five unconverted Jews" at everyone of a similar series of services.

NOTE.-Any books mentioned in these columns will be sent on receipt of price.-THE

l'rayer and Missions. Helen Barrett Morit- the main islands studied by the au- gomery. 12 mo. 224 pp. Paper, 50 cents; thor to supply an answer to the ques- cloth, 75 cents. West Medford, Mass. tion: What political influence was 1925. exerted in the nineteenth century by the missionaries of Britain npon those Prayer is the key that unlocks the islands? The second chapter upon resources of God. This is proved in "Pioneer ~Iissionary Work" is illumithe history of missions. No abiding nating as regards early South Sea conditions and missionary work. The missionary work can be done without remaining chapters discuss the steps prayer, and the story of the wonders leading to the control of those Islands that have been performed through prayer is one of the marvels of mis- by Continental Powers and the Unitsionary endeavor. It is based on ed States. The conclusions of the au- thor's investigations are thus summed prayer and can be successful only through the blessing of God. If any up: are inclined to doubt this, let him study the experience of such missionaries as Jonathan Goforth, Hudson "On a broad survey of their work, 'l'aylor, Pandita Ramabai, Amy Wil- the good outweighed the bad. The son Carmichael, Titus Coan, John G. missionaries were mainly responsible Paton, J. H. Neesima, Cyrus Hamlin for turning' the barbarous savage of the beginning' of the nineteenth cenand others. Mrs. ]'[ontgomery is a teacher and tury into the semi-civilized natives of has studied the subject from many today. More than anyone else they angles. Beginning with two chapters were responsible, even though their on the Bible as a prayer book, she accounts were often exaggerated, for shows that all kinds of men and wom- exposing the abuses of the labor trafen prayed and that their prayers were fic. In politics they were always in heard and answered. Then she takes favor of British annexation, except in up prayer as practised by Bible char- the case of a possible theocracy in acters and the teachings on prayer. New Zealand and an actual one in Prom missionary history, examples Tonga. It is true that motives of are taken to prove that the work was trade and other political reasons founded on prayer and that every would sooner or later have brought forward movement has been pre- annexation in the Pacific, and it is ceded, accompanied and followed by true that in most cases the motives prayer. It is the moving cause and leading to such a course were mixed. most pot.ent force in the opening of Nevertheless, the appeals of the misnew fields, in the calling of recruits, sionaries for annexation proved a in supplying funds, in winning con- powerful aid to the appeals of the verts and in the upbuilding and build- Australian traders; and the Colonial ing together of the Christian Church qffice was more influenced by the and community. vIews of Exeter Hall than by the views This cannot fail to be a helpful prevalent on the Melbourne and book to all readers. It is full of in- Sydney Stock Exchanges." H. P. B.

spiration and suggestion_ The Man from an African Jungle. Rev.

Missionaries and Annexation in the l'acific. W. C. Wilcox. Illus. 248 pp. $2.50. New K. L. P. Martin, M.A. l(H pp. $2.00. York. 1925.

New York. 1924. An early worker of the American Tahiti, New Zealand and Fiji are Board in Southeastern Africa relates 514

19~51 THE :MISSIO::-rAR~ LIBRAR~

it large number of stories of varied Xwo Pioneers-Thomas and Mark Botham. phases of missionary work among a Mrs. Mark Botham. 12 mo. 140 pp. 28. rude, hitherto unreached, people. London. 1925. "The Man Cecil Rhodes Picked Out of a Crowd" tells of his connection Thomas and .Mark are father and with that great African statesman Ron-two men who lived and worked and promoter who selected a "good in China with consecration and sucnigger," to be secured for his service cess. Thomas Botham was sent out at any prioe, but who could not be from England by the China Inland gotten at any price. This man was Mission about forty years ago and :'Ill'. 'Wilcox's first Inhambane convert traveled extensively in the western and is the central person in this series provinces as an evangelist. The story of stories. The first view we have of of these journeys, taken from letters the famous Tizora is as a liquor-lov- such as few write in these days, reveal ing, athletic 'rongan who ventured out the people and their life, the way the among the sharks to catch the mis- Gospel was preached and received. sionary's horse that had been put off He died of typhoid fever in October, the ship and had started to swim to ]898. Mark Botham was born on India. In due time this man was con- Easter Sunda~', 1892 and his father verted and educated. Many interest- wrote: ing experiences are described, from Tizora's making his own trousers in "Children are among the best misa most uniC]ue way, to his learning the sionaries in the country……. More names of cold type and becoming the doors have been opened to the Gospel first typesetter at Inhambane, Portu- by the influence- of missionary babies guese East Africa. The stages in the than by any other agency." establishment of the Mission and initiating work are almost as interesting After com pleting his studies in as the life of Robinson Crusoe and are England, the son returned to China told with a refreshing sense of humor. as a missionary in 1915 and planned The average reader comes to under- to specialize on Chinese Moslems. He stand what a jack of all trades a mis- began this work in Kansu Province sionary is and why African wilds force and gradually became a familiar him to such varied work. All sorts of figure in Moslem settlements. They experiences are described, like the said of him "This man Pu (his Chi- "Hitching up the Wind," making a nese name ') is one of ourselves. Surewindmill from an encyclopredia de- ly he is a great (A Lung) in his own scription j the account of McCoy who land. He can quote our Holy Book in was "righteous overmuch," though the sacred tongue; he knows all about sometimes only skin deep; the new our manners and customs j he does "varieties of religious experience" not eat the accursed beast j undoubt· (chapters XXIV and XXV), in con- edly he is one of the faithful." nection with a wonderful blind prophet who had in his meetings such Mark Botham's letters are also exphenomena as the old time circuit ceptionally illuminating and interestriders could tell, and who notwith- ing. When he died of fever, on his standing his questionable piety reaped wedding trip in 1923, his loss was wonderful harvests of repentance and very keenly felt. He was a man of good works. unusually fine Christian spirit, conse- cration, preparedness and ability. The volume is a new way of making His successor and the successor of missions interesting to people who William Borden, who dedicated his care nothing for the subject. life to the same cause, has not yet been found. This little volume should con- H. P. B. stitute a call to such a one.

India in 1923-24. L. F. Rushbrook Wil. liams. Maps, diagrams and graphical charts, xvii, 338 pp. 28. 6d. Calcutta. 1924.

This statement, prepared for Parliament by the Director of Public In- world-power, shape their existence, formation, Government of India, is a will make its influence felt among us in one way or another." fine example oE the work done by Among the descriptions we would Great Britain for her overseas possessions. Nothing that one would assign the first place to the one of his wish to know of the multifarious in- visit to Ceylon. We might also point terests of India seems to be lacking- to the chapter on Kyoto, the one on except religion and missions-and all the Christian missions in Kyoto, one are easily referred to through a copi- on .1 apan 's noblest religion, one on the ous table of contents and an even interesting subject of "t!te cradle of two new religions," one on the bridge more detailed Index. to heaven. There is in the book a Perhaps the sections of greatest in- chapter on a Catholic mission station in China. On the whole the author's terest to the average reader are those wide tolerant spirit is everywhere in dealing with the condition of the c. T. B. masses-their poverty, social reforms among them, the problem of illiteracy evidence.

-and Chapter V on "Politics and Progress. " '1'he great problem of Lutherisches Weltmissionsjahrbuch fuer das Jahr 1925. Erich Stange, Lie. Leip· Non-Cooperation as proclaimed by zig. Pub. H. G. Wallmann. Price 25 cents. Mr. Gandhi, and the position of the This year book of Lutheran misvarious parties toward British control sions of the missions boards of all countries has appeared this year for in these troublous times are luminous- the 38th time. Originally the year book of the Mission Conference in ly displayed. 'l'his is a volume that Saxony, it has gradually assumed a wider scope and under the able editormen interested in national welfare in all its phases should read-and wom- en, also, who are broad enough minded. H. P. B.

Sommer-Sonnentage in Japan und China. ship of Pastor Stange has become an J. Witte. 222 pp. Illus. Boards, 6 authoritative publication in its own marks. Bound, 8 marks. Vandenhreck field. There are numerous articles by and Ruprecht. Goettingen, Germany. 1925. form!'lr German missionaries and by Readers who have a sufficient com- representatives of various boards. An mand of German to enjoy a beautiful style, will read this book with great article worthy of mention is by Dr. relish. The author is Missionsdirektor J. Witte, D.D., who in the year Paul, the former director of the Leip- J924 revi~ited thc mission field of the Evangelical Protestant Mission So- zig Mission, at present professor of ciety, in Japan and China. The book is not merely an interesting record of missions in the University of Leipzig. a trip, but discusses the questions that have arisen through the adjustment He writes on the individual character of the nations of the Orient to the new of the Lutheran missionary method.

TIle Lutheran boards of America are represented this year by Dr. George Drach, Prof. E. Pfeiffer, and Rev. R.

Bielinski. The statistics are the latest available. c. T. B.

conditions of the present age. As the Christian Monasticism: A Great Force in author states in his preface: " 500 History. Ian C. Hanna, F.S.A. 270 pp.

millions of men, fine intellectual peo- $2.50. New York. 1925.

ples are building their life anew from The Oberlin Professor of Church the very foundations upward. They History here "sets forth the main are having an influence upon the fu- outlines of the second pillar of medi- ture of the world. The way in which revalism-those tasks so well achieved this colossal mass, gifted, industrious, by the monks whose original tradi- noble nations, more than one fourth tions might have appeared so exceed- of the total number of the inhabitants ingly unpromising." It is thus a of the earth, among them a leading minor companion of the late Lord

The Missionary Review of the World — April 1925

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"Department "JI{o. 20 Fifth Avenue, 34th and 33rd Sts., New York PERSONALS America to attend certain conventions anrI visit Waldensian Aid SOciety auxiliaries. STANLEY RIGII, author o·f "The Revolt of Since he finished his studie·. in Edinbmgh! Youth" and "China's Place in the Sun," after the war, Signor Comba has engaged has been elected associate secretary of the in pastoral anrI evangelistic work in several Board of Foreign MissionSI of the Methodist places in Italy_ Episcopal Church, to handle educational responsibilities. * ..

** * MRS. ROBERT E. SPERa has heen re-electerI president ofT'he National Board of Young REV. ARTHUR C. RYAN, recently elected Women's Christian Associations. The other General Seereta,ry of the American Bible officers for the year are: Mrs. John French, Society to succeed Frank H. Mann, has Chairman of the Executive Committee; Mlss spent thirteen years in the Near East, rep- Clara S. Beed, :f'irst Viez-President; Mrs. resenting first the American Board and John D. Rockefeller, Jr., Second Vice-Presilater the American Bible Society. dent; Miss Katharine Lambert, Secretary; Mrs. Samuel Murtland, Treasurer, to succeed *** Mrs. Samuel J. Broadwell, who has served DR. and MRS. NORTHOOTE DEOK, of the for over thirty years; Mrs. George W. Davi- South Sea E:vangelical Mission in the Solo· son, Assistant Treasurer. man Islands, plaJlned to leave Auckland on February 17th, for a visit to England and *** America. DR. CIIJ.RLES L. WHTTE, Executive Secre- REV. TOYOIlIKO KAGAWA, the well-known tary of the American Baptist Home Mission Christian sodal leader in Kobe and Tokyo is making an extensive tour of the United . . . Society, has been elected President of the States and Europe and plans to visit Gandhi in India before he returns to Japan. Home Missions Council to succeed the late Dr. Charles L. Thompson. *** OBITUARY TIEN LA! HUANG, Chinese Secretary o·f the Methodist Board of Foreign Missi.ons in MR. TARO .tl)IOO, the well-known Christian New Y'<!f:k City, now stndying at Cohtfnhia for his Ph.D., is doing much to interpret Temperance leader of Japan, died on Oc- .~.., China to America..by.. his* lectures; tober 27, 1924. * i *-,' ;*, REV. GUIOO CoMBA, a~pai;tor of th~ Wal- DR. SUN YAT SgN, formerly President (}f rIensian Church in Pomaretto, Italy, is in the Chinese Republic, anrI leader of the Southern Revolutionists, dierI in Peking on March 12th.

Please mention THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD 1n writing to advertisers. THE MISSIONARY Review of the World DELAVAN L. PIERSON, EJilor CONTENTS FOR APRIL, 1925 Page FRONiTISPIECE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A GROUP OF MISSIONARY LEADERS EDITORIALS …………………………………………………….. 261 EVIDENCES OF LOYALTY TO OHRIST RELIGION TN THE UNITF.D STATES JAPAN SINCE THE EARTHQUAKE THE MONTEVIDEO CONGRESS RIGHTS AND WRONGS OF AMERICAN INDIANS HALF A CENTURY OF MISSIONARY PROGRESS ..•………••. S. W. BOGGS 269 A /ftuily of th.e fGUts and statistiC's gathered fo,," fO'f"'1I.er Missionary Conferences and for the new World Missionary Atlas, with olwris 8ho'tl)~ng growth in eon- tributions, workers and communica'1!ts.

A BROTHERHOOD PROBLEM …………………………….. A. A. HYDE 280 EXPERlIENCES IN THE BENGAL JUNGLE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A MISSIONARY 281 The story.of a lone"ty missionary's work in India wnd the reoults accomplished by the power of God.

WORK FOR CHINESE CHILDREN …………………… A. M. JOHANNSEN 283 An interesting account of ezperilJ'lWes in giminO to the eMldiren of China the Gospel of ChrfRt.

THE SPIRIT OF UNITY IN HOME MISSIONS ……….LEMUEl, CALL BARNES 287 An address at the Home Missions Conference at Atlantio City showing the progress in home missionary cooperation during the past twenty-five yea·rs.

DR. MASAHISA UEMURA-THFl' JAPANESE SPURGEON .. GALEN M. FISHER 292 The story of a remarkable Japanese Christian postor, educator and author who recently died in Tokyo, leaving a large independent church.

LESSONS FROM RECENT FINANOIAL CAMPAIGNS •……. JAY S. STOWELL 295 A review of some of the denominational financial Forward Movements, with con· ()liUMons all to their value, drawn from a study of the result".

WHAT THE MISSION BOARDS MUST, DO ……•…. RALPH E. DIFFENDOBFER 299 The repO'f"t of an addrelfs by the new 8ecretary of the Methodist Episcopal BOMd of Foreign Missions, delivered at Washington, D. C., and showing 80me of the prilneiples that must !/UMe Mission Board8 to the SUCcessful accomplish, mont of their tasks.

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HARTFORD THE BIBLICAL SEMINARY IN NEW YORK SEMINARY FOUNDATION W. W. WHITE, President Hartford, Conn. SUMMER TERM W. DOUGLAS MACKENZIE, President June 17-July 28y 1925 Theological Seminary Dean, K. W. la.cohua Qf Special Value to Missionaries School of Religious Pedagogy Term divided into two periods of three Dea.n, E. R. Knight weeks each.

Kennedy School of lIissions Courses for Pastors, Missionaries, Mis- Dean, E. W. Capen sionary Candidates, Theological Stu- dents, and other Leaders and Workers. Through these assoclitecl' schools Hartford Missionary €onferences. offers full training for Strong courses in Phonetics and Mis- 1. The Christian Klnistry. sionary Linguistics. 2. 1I.eligiou> Education and Social Service. 3. The ·Forelgn Field. Pastors Department of four weeks, July 1-28. Each school has Its Independent faculty and Its own institutional life and together they for~ Special August-September program. one interdenominational institution with the unity of a common aim and spirit. JOHN ANDERSON WOOD, Dean The plan for a group of eight buildings for 545 Lexington Ave. New 'York the Foundation Is belng carried out•.•·Mackenzle HaJl. the woman's dormitory. Is alteally completed and occupied under direction of:tlie Dean of Women, Mrs. Lester McLean. Jr. Construc… tion bas begun on Knight Hall. a classroom building, and Avery Hall, the library.

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APRIL, 1925

XLVIII FOUR EVIDENCES OF LOYALTY TO CHRIST O NE of our American philosophers defined loyalty as "the will- ing and practical and thorough-going devotion of a person to a cause." Devotion to Christ calls for the practical expression of our devotion to His cause-not to mere agencies of the Church, but to the cause of Christ as represented in the missionary work of His Church at home and abroad.

Our loyalty must be practical. It is not simply feeling that is required but its practice in action. And the action called for is prayer and sacrifice. 'rYe are asked to devote what we have to the most sacred use to which we can put it, the world-wide unselfish service of the cause of Christ.

This is not a hardship. True loyalty does not ask" How little ~ " It asks "How much ~" It courts the opportunity to show love by real sacrifice. Loyalty is a permanent and enduring thing, a "thorough-going devotion," not spasmodic. "A man is loyal," says Professor Royce, "when, first, he has some cause to which he is loyal; when, secondly, he willingly and thoroughly devotes himself to this cause, and when, thirdly, he expresses his devotion in some sustained and practical way, by acting steadily in the service of that cause." The recognition and observance of the principles of the Lord's Day and of the tithe, of one seventh of our time and one tenth of our income set aside sacredly, does not mean that we hold less sacred the remainder of income and time. On the contrary the more devotedly we set aside the seventh and the tenth, the more surely will we devote all to the service of God. Loyal sacrificial giving makes all forms of loyalty more easy and natural at all times.

Our lives are pitched on too Iowa level. vThat we need is to feel more of the reality of Paul's great experience: "That I may know Him and the power of His resurrection and the fellowship of His sufferings." Why not take onr Christianity seriously and follow 261

Christ, not afar off or only in figures of speech but in flesh and blood and near? If we would exhibit this kind of Christianity it would mark the beginning of a new time for us and for the Church, the entrance into a new and thorough-going loyalty, a new fidelity on our part answering the deathless fidelity of Christ. R. E. s.

RELIGION IN THE UNITED STATES A STATISTICIAN has gathered figures to show that in the past fifty or more years every period of decline in accessions to the Christian churches of America has been a period in which either war or religious controversy has disturbed the churches and has diverted them from their first responsibility of winning men to Jesus Christ and His way of life. It may also be argued that unbelief in churches, which has given occasion for controversy, is that which has been responsible for the unfruitfulness. But which ever is the cause that produces the effect, all earnest Christians will agree that the first duty of the Church is to bear witness by word and bY' life to the promise and power of the Gospel of Christ. One life through which Christ consistently shines out will do more than one thousand controversial arguments to turn men to God. The clear setting forth of the reason for one's faith in Christ is one hundredfold· more beneficial than a dogmatic statement of unbelief and the reasons for rejecting the conclusions of science or of religion.

Statistics never tell the whole story. They cannot disclose the real spiritual state of the Church or of the individual Christian. But comparative statistics reveal some effect of Christian life and testimony on the youth and on non-Christians. In his statistics for church growth last year, Dr. H. K. Carroll, the well-known church statistician for the Christian Herald, points out that in 1924 all religious bodies in the United States gained 690,000 new members or about two and one-eighth per cent. Of these gains, 366,336 were Protestants, 220,000 were Roman Catholics and the others scattered. The total membership reported is now 46,142,000, of which 16,103,000 are Roman Catholics. The largest Protestant bodies are still the Baptists (8,227,000), the Methodists (8,700,000), and the Lutherans and Presbyterians (2,500,000 each). The largest gains for the year, reported by the various groups, are Roman Catholics, 1Y25'0 (222,- 000), Methodists, 1% (79,974), Baptists, 1% (88,093), the Disciples, 3% (47,703) and Presbyterians, lY2% (37,909). The Pentecostal churches, with 18,641 members, gained 12% (2,362). The Univer- salists, Ethical Culture Society, Spiritualists and Jews report no gains, while River Brethren, Swedenborgians and Friends report decreases. The Mormons report 16,000 increase. – While the evangelical churches have not made the progress they should, and have not mhde the impression on American life that

EDITORIAL COMMENTS

might be expected, they are without doubt the greatest factor for good in the civic, domestic and individual life of the nation. They are growing, since they more than make up for the losses caused by death. While the population of the country has increased 80% in the past thirty-five years, the churches have increased 130%. Twofifths of the population are now enrolled as members of religious bodies, probably one-fifth are children under fifteen so that about t.wo-fifths (or forty-four million) are still unconnected with any religious organization-Protestant, Roman Catholic or Jewish. Evidently there is still work for evangelical churches to do to win men to Christ in America as well as in foreign lands. Some of the Protestant communions have gained mOre members in their mission fields than in their home churches. A new spirit of evangelism and new evidences of spiritual life and power are needed to enable American Christianity to make an adequate impression on national and international conditions.

THE MONTEVIDEO CONGRESS O N. February 28th, a large party of Christian educators and other church leaders, forty or more, sailed from New York for South America to take part in a missionary congress to be held in Montevideo, Uruguay, March 27th to April 8th. This party included Dr. and Mrs. Robert E. Speer, Rev. and Mrs. S. G. Inman, Dr. and Mrs. D. J. Fleming, Bishop Francis J. McConnell and Mrs. McConnell of the Methodist Episcopal Church, Dr. Stephen J. Corey of the United Christian Missionary Society, Miss Edith M. Dabb of the Y. W. C. A., Dr. W. G. Hounshell of the Methodist Church, South, Dr. H. C. Tucker of the American Bible Society and Mr. W. Reginald Wheeler of the Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions. They will be joined in Montevideo by other North Amerioan leaders who have already sailed, by missionaries on the field, and by many Latin American Protestant leaders.

The Congress is to be held under the auspices of the Committee on Cooperation in Latin America, of which Dr. Speer, of the Board of Foreign Missions of the Presbyterian Church, U. S. A., is chairman, and Dr. Inman execut.ive secretary.

The purpose of the Congress is to study the new conditions which have arisen in the South American republics in recent years, especially since the war, and to form plans and programs for making more effective the work of religious, educational and medical agencies in the light of these new facts. For that purpose twelve commissions, composed of leading national pastors and educators from South America and representatives of similar interests in North America, have been surveying the conditions on the field and the work of the evangelical churches for several months. Their studies, which will be

presented to the Congress for consideration and action, include: unoccupied fields of service, Indians of South America, education, evangelism, social movements, health ministry, the church in the community, religious education, literature, relations between foreign and national workers, special religious problems, and cooperation and unity.

Smaller regional conferences are to be held in Brazil and on the West coast, and next year a special conference is scheduled for Mexico and Central America.

South America, on account of its having been nominally brought under the sway of the Roman Catholic Church, has been greatly neglected by evangelical Christian influences. As a result, it has become largely atheistic and many sections have no knowledge of the Gospel of Christ.

Much of inland South America is still unknown territory and has been very difficult of access. Now, however, great stretches of territory, which have been far removed from North America and Europe, are becom.ing easily accessible. A few months ago it required from a week to ten days to make the trip from any Colombian port to the capital of the Republic, Bogota. Today this trip can be made from Barranquilla by a regular aeroplane service in sixteen hours. This will soon transform transportation and affect the whole political, economic, spiritual and educational life of the Republic. Railways between Brazil and Uruguay, Paraguay, Argentina, Chile and Bolivia are bringing about new and closer relationship in South American life. Steamship connections with Europe, North America, and Japan are also making easier the exchange of life between South America and the rest of the world.

The social structure of the continent is likewise changing. With the gradual development of a middle class, with the introduction of a new consciousness of their rights among the laboring people, and with a new appreciation of social problems by the educated classes, there is a breaking up of the old fixed castes, and today the social system of South America is in solution.

Many women, heretofore prohibited from participating in the solution of great social and educational problems, have begun to take a part in the discussion of the great questions stirring their nations. Many have entered industry and even lower-class women are now educating themselves, often with the help of their more fortunate sisters.

A new spiritual movement is also evident. In the beginning, these republics all recognized a union between Church and State, but education and democratic ideas of government have brought about the separation of a large part of the intellectuals from the Church, and a few years ago it looked as though the leaders were carrying that continent into a materialistic philosophy. The state has been sepa-

EDJ'I'ORIAL OOMMENTS

rated from the Church and many leaders among government officials, heads of universities, authors and publicists, are urging the necessity of finding a spiritual basis for national and personal life.

This particularly is the reason for the Congress on Christian Work in South America. It is a most propitious time to unite the new forces in a call to the whole continent for a turning from the material to a fresh emphasis on the spiritual.

There must be found new ways of alliance between spiritual life and the great social, eco'nomic and educatiQnal renaissance. Otherwise, the very advancements of modern science will favor the material at the expense of the spiritual. The only hope for South America, from a Christian point of view, is an intelligent following of Jesus Christ and an application of His teachings to all the relationships of life.

RIGHTS AND WRONGS OF AMERICAN INDIANS I T IS always a mooted question as to how much of the cuetoms and beliefs ,of primitive peoples should be relegated to oblivion as civilization progresses. 'Without doubt, many native ideals and habits are not only picturesque and meaningful, but some contribute to honor, morality and other elements of a, strong character. But a few authors, artists and ethnologists go much further and decry any effort to eliminate tribal and racial art, traits and customs, even though such may be largely responsible for a peoples' poverty, ignorance and degradation. Apologists are found for polygamy, for the indecent in India's art and literature, for immoral African dances and for the American Indian war dances, the weakening Peyote worship and other degrading religious ceremonies.

Without doubt, among the best informed and most unselfish friends of the American Indians are the Commissioner of Indian Affairs, the Indian Rights Association, and the Christian missionaries, who are devoting their lives to Indian welfare. Yet some misguided persons, like John Collier, desire to preserve these ancient Indian rites and customs at an costs and refer to efforts to put an end to degrading and weakening ceremonies as "persecution." The edict that has aroused antagonism on the part of some so-called "friends" of the Indians js an order of the Department of the Interior sent out by Commissioner Burke which reads, in part, as follows: (Circular 1665, April 26, 1921) : "It is not the policy of the Indian office to denounce all forIll8 of Indian (religious) dancing… The sun-dance and all other similar dances and 80called religious' ceremonies are considered 'Indian offenses' under existing regulations, and corrective penalties are provided. I J·egard such restriction as applicable to any dance which involves acts of self-torture, immoral rela· tions between the sexes, the sacrificial destruction of clothing or other useful articles, the reckless giving away of property, the use of injurious drugs or

intoxicants, and frequent or prolonged periods of celebration … ' In fact, any disorderly or plainly excessive performance that promotes superstitious cruelty, licentiousness, idleness, danger of health, and shiftless indifference to fam;ily welfare. In all such cases the regulations should be enforced."

It would seem that such an order is reasonable when applied to " Wards of the Nation. " There may be worse habits and influences at work among white people in America, but laws are enacted to prevent their public expression, if possible.

The objection is als,? raised that prohibition of these Indian dances and other harmful ceremonies is "interference with the Indians' religion." Such objectors overlook the fact, however, that the Indian chiefs, caciqu.es and gouvernors, in an effort to keep alive these ceremonies deny religious liberty to members of a community who refuse to participate. In other words, they punish and "persecute" men, women and children who wish to break away from degrading rites. Officers in the Indian service, who are in a position to know, report that the commercialized sacred dances performed for touril1ts are merely "for show" and that the attending secret performances connected with the rites are degrading in the extreme.

What is the testimony of enlightened Indians who know these ceremonies and their effects from experience and who wish to see their people not only kept from degradation but elevated in intelligence and morality1 Otto Lomavito, a Christian Hopi Indian, has this to say of the Snake Dance (in the Coconino Sun): "Being a full-blood Hopi myself with my heart overflowing with love for my fellow tribesmen, and jealous for their progress in civilization, I feel it time an? incumbent for some to write our views in this matter …

"It is beyond my comprehension how a man of the intelligence of a white man can wish that the Hopis shonld continue in this disgusting ceremony of holding a snake in one's month for five or ten minutes at a time. In the judgment of a Hopi a white man is a superior being, and naturally he desires to imitate him:. But when he comes year after year, spending thou- sands of dollars in small hotels and cafes tingling the greedy ears of the portly innkeepers and then stretches out his covetous hands to a poor, dustcovered Hopi of the desert with assumed friendl;" smile only to sneer when meeting him on his own town streets, the ever alert superstitiously-reverent Hopi begins to suspect rottenness in the game. Has the great white man become so low that he willingly spends hundreds of hard-earned dollars just to see an ignorant Indian wriggle with his wriggling god the snake' … Tourists do not show their better side as a rule, but their blackest side to a quick discerning Hopi. Bring us better qualities and we will welcome you."

The Progressive Indians in the Pueblos have no sympathy with the continuance of snake dances and other immoral or degrading ceremonies. At a meeting held at Santa Clara, New Mexico, they unanimously adopted the following resolutions: "We love our homes, our towns and villages and our people, and our Christian God more, and we are sorry that some of the Pueblo officials are cruel toward many of us and try to make slaves of us under pretense of

EDITORIAL COMMENTS

alleged ancient customs, and in this we know that they are not sincere, but use these means to punish and persecute us for secret reasons because of our refusal to take part in secret and un-Christian dances …

"Liberty to practice one's religion should be equal and not limited alone to those whose beliefs and ceremonies may be ancient, but those who disagree with one group in religious matters should have the right to stand fast in that disagreement in favor of their own beliefs without being subjected to religious persecution and immoral customs, no matter how ancient, should be banished and kept banished from the Pueblos by the general government, if in fact it is our guardian."

The testimony of Christian Indians is abundant that the Hopi ceremonies, connected with the dancing, are immoral. Those who know and love the Indians and are working for their betterment uphold the findings of the Department of the Interior. All who have at heart the welfare of the American Indians should not only refuse to uphold any of these degrading rites, but should use all their in- fluence to put an end to them in order that the Red Man also may '.!ome into his heritage as Christian citizens of America.

. JAPAN SINCE THE EARTHQUAKE .L-1.. ALTHOUGH the great earthquake of September, 1923, caused tremendous suffering and loss, it was hoped that real spiritual gain might result. In Tokyo and Yokohama the haunts of vice were destroyed. Would they be rebuilt? Material property was laid waste. Would men become more concerned with abiding spiritual values T Slums and evil industrial conditions were wiped out. Would a repetition of these conditions be prevented? America responded generously to the call for help from the stricken people. Would this insure better international relations? The Japanese showed fortitude and ability to cope with the gigantic calamity. Would they show wisdom and power to reconstruct all institutions on a better basis 7 Diverse missionary institutions, working independently of each other in the devastated district, were shaken down or burned. Would the missionary forces cooperate on a united, effective program'

These, and other questions arose, but many of them still remain unanswered or give no immediate promise of being answered in the affirmative. A writer in the Japan Evangelist says: "The immediate effect of the great disaster was to fill the hearts of the Christian workers with dismay. The work so laboriously built up over a period of many years was to a large extent destroyed in the COMse of a few hours. But this feeling of dismay soon faded away before a new vision of hope and faith. Since the earthquake had to be, was not this an opportune time to remedy some of the defects which had developed unintentionally as the work progressed? Animated by this hope, the Executive Committee of the Federation of Christian Missions called a meeting of the missionaries in Karuizawa to discuss the situation. It was felt that this was an unique OppOirtunity to rebuild the Christian work in Tokyo and Yokohama on a broader

basis. It was the unanimous opinion that the Federation of Churches in Tokyo and Yokohama should strive for a larger cooperation in evangelistic and educational work, in the production of Christian literature and in the erection of a Christian headquarters building. The churches entered heartily into the plan and a Commission on Reconstruction, composed of Japanese and foreigners, was appointed.

"A year has passed and it may be well to take stock of what has been accomplished in the way of larger coope.ration. As far as evangelistic work was concerned, it was felt that in some sections there was needless overlapping while other sections were almost entirely neglected; that the changing conditions of city life required a new method of approach; that the rapidly developing suburbs of Tokyo should be carefully studied and churched without the customary overlapping. The sub-committee on evangelistic work entered enthusiastically upon its duties, but soon encountered what seemed insurmountable difficulties. It was unable to accomplish more than to make a survey of the destroyed churches. Some of the churches have already removed to the suburbs, others will not be rebuilt or will occupy their fOtl'lllel" sites.

"Denominational expediency, not interdenominational cooperation, is the governing factor. .. In educational work of the missions no attempt has been made for greater cooperation. .. To supply Christian literature, there were in Tokyo al{)ne eight publishing houses. .. The Commission on Reconstruction seriously considered the problem of uniting some of these and the proposition has been made which looks forward to the union of the Methodist Publishing House and the Christian Literature Society. If this is done it will make possible the erection of a Christian headquarters building on the site of the Methodist Publishing House …

"The earthquake and fire wiped out practically all the literature, newspapers, telephones, telegraphs, markets, stores, and many schools, hospitals, and churches. In the year that has followed, some steps have been taken toward rehabilitation, in spite of excusable mistakes and inexclLSable political mismanagement. The plans for the new Tokyo have not yet been decided upon, and only temporary structures have heen put up."

The basic cause of the lack of cooperation seems to be a combination of factors-suspicion of the other mart's theology, natural conservatism, denominational policy, and the situation at home. The tragedy of the earthquake does not lie in the loss of millions of dollars worth of property so much as in the failure to permit the crisis to weld Christian agencies into a united force for more effective service for the Kingdom of God. Christianitv and Christians have been tested anew in Japan.

The man with "a message is given a hearing and there is evident desire to know how Christ can help Japan. Bible classes are attracting more than ever. There is increasing need for trained Japanese evangelists and pastors. Many districts in the interior are still neglected-and only about one person in a thousand in Japan is a Christian_ The retrenchment by Mission Boards has stimulated the movement for self-support, but has hindered advance. The temperance forces and other Christian agencies are active and many Japa- nese are aroused to the need for higher moral standards, better industrial conditions and other improvements that come only with the intelligent acceptance of the Gospel of Christ.

a Century of Missionary Progress *

A Stwdy of Figures Gathered from For-ci.gn Missionary Atlases BY SAMUEL W. BOGGS, F.R.G.S., WASHINGTON, D. C. Geogra.plter to the Department of State AREVIEW of the progress of the missionary enterprise during the last twenty-five and fifty years is timely, not simply be- . cause of the convenience of the round numbers and the fact that the lesser interval marks the beginning of a century, but because events of great significance make it worth while to compare the status of foreign missions now with that of the years 1875 and 1900.

In AFRICA the quarter century just preceding 1875 had been the era of the great explorers, among whom were Burton and Speke, du Chaillu, Nachtigal, and the missionaries Krapf and Rebmann, and Livingstone. The lonely death of David Livingstone, at Ilala, in May, 1873, had stirred Protestant Christendom, and the expansion of missionary work, particularly in the interior of Africa, dates from that time. Political events in Africa came to a turning point at about the same time. In 1875 only about one tenth of the continent was effectually controlled by European powers, but even before the Berlin Conference of 1884-85 much of Africa had been partitioned, and by 1900 practically all of the continent, except Abyssinia and Liberia, had already fallen within the political dominion of the European powers.

Within the half century, there have been added to the British Empire, outside Africa, its present possessions in Borneo, Papua, and many islands in the Pacific. Its former possessions in the Malay Peninsula, in upper Burma and northwestern India, have been extended. French control has been extended to Indo-China. Japan, the first Asiatic nation to become a world power, has acquired Korea and the leased territory of Kwantung on the Asiatic mainland, and Formosa and other islands in the Pacific. The United States, the first nation in the western hemisphere to become a world power, has acquired possessions in both hemispheres. Entirely within the half century the colonial eml?ire of Germany has been won and lost. The political and social events during and since the World War can scarcely be compressed within a sentence, but they are more fresh in our minds. Among others, it will be remembered that the Moslem lands of Syria and Mesopotamia, lately under Turkish dominioll, have been placed unde~French and British mandates.

In the' realm of Christian missions :the past half, century has ,been a fuost important period. New life was breathed into the • Facts gathered chie:fty from. a comparative stUdy of the new "World Missionary Atlas" (Institute of Social and Religious Surveys, New York, $10.00) and the Atlas published in 1903 by the Student Volunteer Movement.

269

Church of England following the day of intercession for missions in 1872. The intimate connection between the colleges and the for- eign mission field also began with the going out of the "Cambridge Seven" of the Ohina Inland Mission, in 1884-85. In 1886 the Student Volunteer Movement for Foreign Missions was founded in America and since that time several thousand college and university trained men and women have entered the service in foreign fields. The year 1900, when the Ecumenical Missionary Conference met in New York, marks the half-way point in this past half century.

It is possible only to mention, as within the fifty-year period, the formation of strong national or regional interdenominational bodies in the foreign mission fields, the mutual delimitation of ter- ritorial responsibility in several fields and cooperation in strong union enterprises among the foreign mission organizations, the emergence of national churches rapidly taking places of leadership, and the more varied types of Christian work by which the Christian message is being made manifest.

The appearance of the new "World Missionary Atlas" at this time is particularly opportune, since it makes possible a wide range of studies of the achievements and present situation of the missionary enterprise at the end of the first quarter of the twentieth cen- tury. The increased number of geographical units into which the statistical facts are divided, as compared with the two preceding world missionary atlases of 1903 and 1911, facilitates detailed studies and establishes a base line for comparison in future years. But it is still not as simple a task as one would expect to make comparisons of the most significant facts of today with those of previous decades, in order to discover the present trend of the missionary movement.

Furthermore, the variations between the interpretations of terInS statistically reported, as between the Protestant denominations, are almost as diverse as are differences of doctrine. The better one is acquainted with the problem of making statistical comparisons as between denominations, mission fields, and decades, the more he will realize how difficult it is to interpret missionary statistics. • EXTENSION OF MISSIONARY OOOUPATION In JAPAN, of the fifty-three Protestant missionary societies now at work in the country, only nine were operating there in 1875 and only thirty-three in 1900. Korea is one of the more recently occupied areas. Of the fifteen societies reported as engaged in mission· ary work in Korea today only the British and Foreign Bible Society was there in 1875 (having begun work in 1832), and only nine societies were at work in 1900.

Although Protestant missions began in CHINA with Robert –'-I-tshould be remarked, In connection with W!lat follows, that the stat/stlcs ot the 190.1 missions a.tlas are generally for the year 1900, and that those ()f the 1925 atlas are for 1923.

8. W. B.

HALF A CENTURY OF MISSIONARY PROGRESS

Morrison as long ago as 1807, in the southern province of Kwang- tung, there were occupied in 1875 only the six coast provinces (ex- cluding Manchuria) and the three Yangtze provinces of Anhwei, Kiangsi and Hnpeh. In these provinces foreign missionaries re- sided in forty-nine centers. Between 1875 and 1900 work was initiated in all remaining nine provinces of China P'roper and in Manchuria, Mongolia and Sinkiang, and the number of stations in- creased more than sevenfold. In th~ last quarter century the num- ber of stations in China has again more than doubled, having increased from 356 to 740. The number of Protestant missionary agencies has also increased from 28 in 1875, to 65 in 1900, and 138 in 1925. In other words, scarcely more than one fi£th of the mis- sionary societies now in China have been working there for fifty years, and more than half of them have entered the field within the present century.

Protestant work in the PHILIPPINE IsLANDS began in 1899, fol- lowing the Spanish-American War. About a year later four Ameri- can societies were at work there and today there are sixteen societies which have become established in thirty-one residential centers.

Of the missionary forces now in the NETHERLANDS INDIES, the first to begin work was the Netherlands Missionary Society, in 1797. Between 1800 and 1850 four more societies entered, and six more in the next" quarter century, making a total of eleven societies in 1875. This number was increased to sixteen by 1900, and since then others have been added so that twenty-seven societies are now laboring there. In INDIA, missionary work was in 1875 carried on in all of the provinces and native states, except Baluchistan. The distribution of stations, in proportion to their numbers, was apparently not greatly different twenty-five and :fifty years ago from what it is today. The interior of India was more accessible than the interior of China, save for the Yangtze, even before the building of the stplendid railroad system in India. In all of the countries, dominions, colonies and protectorates of AFRICA as we know it today, work is now being done by Protestant missionary forces, save in Rio de Oro, Portuguese Guinea, the Ivory Coast, French SomaliIand, British SomaliIand, and Italian Somali- land. (There is work in the part of Italian SomaliIand recently ac- . quired from Kenya Colony.) In 1875, also, no mission work had been begun in any of the following political entities by any of the societies now occupying them: the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan, Libya, Fr~nch Suqan, Dahomey, Cameroun, French Equatorial Mrica, 1}.~lgian Cop.go, Angola, Northern Rhodesia, and Uganda. In Algeria, Tu.Irls, MorocCo, and Abyssinia there was, in 1875, only the British anQ Foreign Bible Society. We do not forget that as early as 1804tge C. M. S. had opened W;QI;~ in.Sierra Leone, and that by

1830 work had been started, nnder various societies, among the Zulus of South Africa, and in Liberia. Nevertheless, fifty years ago only a part of the coastal fringe of Africa was occupied by missions, except in South Africa. In most of the occupied areas the work was only in its initial stages.

FOREIGN AND NATIVE STAFFS A detailed comparison of missionary statistics of today with those of fifty or more years ago is very difficult. Most of the com- -'Su VIIJJ!iIJ i 12 221 2 / I 7/ /7 727 I I 7 I Z 71 China r-':'

India r ,ra-pa11 ba Xorea b Philippine Island.

b URIOA I!'?

1%% II I I 1/ 1/ 1 '-=1~ -~. _~m, mum lletherlands D e.

LUll JlDI:RIci and OS'!' IlIDIJIS III 1925 ~ 111 1900 = : r o r e i g n _ f&tive GROWTH OF THE FOREIGN AND NATIVE MISSIONARY STAFF parisons which follow, therefore, refer only to statistics of 1900 and of 1925.

A comparison of the statistics of Asia with those of Africa and Australasia is not of great value. Africa is not in any sense a single mission field, for it is racially, linguistically, religiously, politically, climatically diverse. But inasmuch as the greater part of the work and of the results of missions relates to pagan Negroes rather than to Semitic and Negroid Mohammedans, ip. making continental comparisons it may, ~e regarded as the pagan continent. Similarly Asia is not a sing'le field, but may be thought of as the continent of the higher 'ethnic religions. In view of the fact, however, that detailed statistics for the political subdivisions of Africa and for some of the important subdivisions of Asia are not conveniently accessible prior

925] HAL1<' A CENTURY .01<' MISSIONARY PROGRESS

to the 1925 atlas, there is no other basis at hand for many of the comparisons which follow.

According to the report of the Missionary Conference held in London in 1888, there were then reckoned to be not more than five or six thousand missionaries and perhaps 30,000 native workers in the foreign mission fields. Twelve years later the number of foreign workers had considerably more than doubled; not c-Ounting work for Indians, Eskimos, and Asiatic immigrants in the United States, . Canada, Alaska, and Greenland, there were, in 1900, nearly 14,400 missionaries. Since 1900 they have nearly doubled again, numbering nearly 27,900.

In twelve years the native workers more than doubled, increas- ing from the estimated 30,000 in 1888 to more than 72,000 in 1900. In the last quarter century they have at least doubled again, now numbering more than 150,000.

The following table shows the foreign and native staff statistics for 1900 and 1925 for the continental divisions and for certain countries.

Foreign staff Native staff 1900 1925 1900 1925 ASIA •.•…..•.•.••.•..• 8,839 16,524 38,819 88,635 2,785 7,663 6,388 27,133 China ……. ………. . 4,038 5,682 48,787 India …………….. . 1,253 24,798 3,535 Japan ……………. . 753 598 1,668 4,042 Korea …………….. . 141 287 157 1,997 Philippine Islands …… . 6,2'89 43,181 3,335 22,279 AFRICA •…••.•……… 1,810 12,559 762 693 5,117 6,659 AUSTRALASIA, NET HER – 1,438 3,249 6,000* 6,094* LAN D sIN DIE s, and PACIFIC ISLANDS ….. .

Netherlands Indies ….. . LATIN AMERICA and WEST INDIEs* …………..

Because of the relative importance of foreign and native staff statistics, these have been graphically illustrated in two ways, to bring out both their relative numerical strength, and their rates of increase in the last twenty-five years. As should be expected, owing to the fact that more than half of the world's population lives in Asia, appreciably more than half (over 59 per cent) of the foreign missionaries work in that continent. About 22.5 per cent are in Africa; while 6.5 per cent are in Australasia, Netherlands Indies and the Pacific Islands j Latin America and the West Indies claim about 11.6 per cent of the foreign staff.

As between the continental divisions, the relative increases in foreign staff have been quite uniform. In view of the fact that Africa, as a whole, has been occupied for a muclt shorter time than to The statistics for native staff for Latin America and the West Indies arE:> m.isleading; an advance in Latin America has been offset by a decrease in the numbers reported for the Bri[is'h ,-Vest Indies, owing to a change in the basis of reporting those employed by the mi~sionary agencieS.

2

Asia, one might have expected an increase in foreign workers con- siderably more rapid than in Asia. As explained in a footnote, the real increase in Latin America is obscured by the statistical decrease in the West Indies.

Of the countries for which statistics are given above, Korea shows the most rapid increase in foreign staff in the quarter century, largely because this "Hermit Kingdom" was one of the more re- cently entered. In Ohina the foreign staff has well nigh trebled, having increased 175 per cent since 1900. Compared with these.

increases, that of 66 per cent in Japan, and that of 40 per cent in ASIA India, seem small. 182GBCCI~~'~~~9~ In co~paring the continental _ _ China divisions, it will be seen that there 312765= ~==::… has been a proportionately greater India growth in native staff than in foreign staff in the last twenty- 40= five years, except in the West 96==-_ Indies. This has been most no- table in Australasia and in Asia, Ja~~~=:… 112", in both of which it has consider- AFRICA ' ably more than doubled. In Mrica 9gg4CC'~~ the native staff has almost dou- bled within the present century. AUSTIIAtASIA. NETHERLANDS I1'DIES. and PACIFIC ISWms The most remarkable increase has been in Korea, where the ~a~: ,"S,,I native staff is nearly twenty-six. times as great as in 1900. In China LATIN AMERICA and WEST INDIES the native staff has more than 125 1 bDI 2r:=::J 1900 1925 quadrupled. In both Japan and Foreign,=== India, while the native staff has increased nearly or fully twice as Natlve= [100%] rapidly RAT'E OF GROWTH IN MISSIONARY STAFF as the foreign staff, the growth in native staff within the twentieth century has been somewhat less rapid than in Asia and the world as a whole.

In all the fields for which statistics are shown above, taken as a whole, the ratio between the native staff and the foreign staff today is approximately 5.4 to 1. In Asia as a whole that same ratio holds. In Africa the ratio is abont 6.9 to 1. In Australasia, Nether- lands Indies and the Pacific Islands it is almost exactly the same as in Africa. In Latin America and the West Indies as a whole the ratio is about 1.9 to 1, owing to the deficiency in native staff statistics in the West Indies.

GROWTH IN INCOME It is almost impossible to compare the gifts to foreign missions today with those of twenty-five and fifty years ago as they ought

1925J HALF A CENTURY OF MISSIONARY PROGRESS

to be compared. Several factors should be taken into account, notably the great increase in material wealth in Ohristendom as a whole and especially in the United States, the upset exchange values due to the war, and, quite apart from the disrupted exchange rela- tionships, the varying and generally decreasing purchasing power of the national currencies. .

The increase in gifts to foreign missions has been sufficient- however much less than it ought to have been-to more than offset all the varying factors affecting the value of the money given. In the last quarter of the nineteenth century the total income of foreign mission organizations probably doubled or trebled. In the first quarter of the twentieth century the income has multiplied approxi- mately three and one-half times, growing from $19,600,000 in 1900 to $69,555,000 in 1923.

The accompanying diagram clearly visualizes the salient facts.

The increase from 32 per cent to 65 per cent of the total for the United States within a quarter of ._-.– a century is certainly no' more than l.j~ ,:",' -:-:::: < Other countries the United' States should have 16.~ ~~j{. ':~':;:": ~ '-!.Oont'l Europe borne, taking into account the war ited states and the material prosperity of this GROW~:IS~~o1H~i~£~Nix.g~JsOREIGN country. Oanada's increased share in the total burden (from 2.7 per cent in 1900 to 4.8 per cent today) is relatively greater than ours. The gifts of Great Britain and Ireland are more than 40 per cent larger than at the beginning of this century. They now constitute a little less than one fifth of the total of Christendom whereas in 1900 they constituted nearly half the total.

GROWTH IN THE NATIVE OHURCH The London Missionary Oonference of 1888 reported less than 300 evangelical converts in all the non-Christian world in 1788, whereas in 1888 it was estimated that there were about 3,000,000 evangelical converts. Warneck estimated the number of native Christian adherents in the non-Christian world in 1881 as 2,283,000, and in 1900 as 4,000,000, which would indicate that the indigenous churches nearly doubled in the last. twenty years of the nineteenth century.

Employing a different measuring rod, there were in the non- Christian world, in 1900, about 1,080,000 Protestant communicants, according to the 1903 missions atlas; by 1910 they had increased to approximately 1,933,000; and by 1923, in spite of the war, they

numbered nearly 3,200,000, having trebled since 1900. This is an average increase of about 5.75 per cent per year during the present century.

From the diagrams, it will be seen that, as between continental divisions, the greatest increases in numbers of communicants since 1900 have been, in Asia 911,000, in Africa 673,000, in Australasia and Netherlands Indies 471,000, and in Latin America 236,000. This is as would be expected when the populations of the continents and the Catholicism of Latin America are taken into consideration. As between mission fields, as the term is generally used, the increase ASIA 1.563232..000000 !C===================-………………………..

China 113,000 ===-_ _ __ 403,000 India ,000 = == == ==-_ _ _ _ _ __ 377 812,000 Japan : = – 42,800 135,000 Korea 8,300 277 ,000 – – – – – Philippines Islands 266 64,000 – AFRICA = = = = = -_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _• 343,000 C' 1,016,000 AUSTRAI.ASIA, ~"ETm:RLANDS ImJIES, and PACIfIC ISLANDS 1614g7,.o0o0O0 ',–==. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..

Netherlands Indies 36,000 ~_ _ _ _ _ __ ==—- 476,000 LATIN AMERICA and WEST INDlES 132,000 368,000 t:! In 1900 In 1925 A COMPARISON OF CHRISTIAN COMMUNICANTS TWENTY-FIVE YEARS AGO AND TODAY of 440,000 in the Netherlands Indies stands first, the 425,000 in India second, and the 290,000 in China third, A more significant comparison, on the basis of the percentages of increase in the number of communicants in the last quarter century, shows that Australasia with the Netherlands Indies ranks first among the continental divisions, with 453 per cent, due almost wholly to the exceptional increase of .1,215 per cent in the Netherlands Indies. Africa stands second among the continents, with 196 per cent increase, Latin America third with 178 per cent, while Asia, the home of the higher ethnic cults, ranks lowest with 145 per cent. Further comparison between these quantities and rates of growth appear in the following paragraphs.

GROWTH AMONG NON-CHRISTIAN RELIGIONS Unfortunately, the statistics in the 1903 and 1911 mlSSIOns atlases do not admit of comparison with the 1925 atlas as to the relative success of Christian work among the peoples of the various non-Christian religions, chiefly because, in the earlier editions, the statistics are not subdivided into sufficiently small geographic and political units. The studies embodied in "The Christian Occupa- tion of China" afford a basis of historical comparisons so far as ==— China is concerned. For India there are both the census statistics by religions, languages, races, etc., ASIA and a more limited product of missionary research. For most of C1 Ch1i4n5a 256=~—– the other mission fields the data India 1l5=~-­ for comparative studies are lacking or very inadequate. Thus it is Jap2a1n 4==_ _ __ practically impossible to divide K;~46 the earlier , statistics for Africa Ph1lipp1r.e !!

even approximately to show the fS1Bn<1S results of missionary work among 2402-==l5~~~~~5~~ :Moslems and among pagan tribes AFRICA separately. 1961C::::::J_ _ __ Takin- g the higher religions, AUSTl'IALASIA. lIETRERUlIllS IllDIES.

an4d5P31AcC=I:F::I:C:J_ ISU_ lIllS_ _ _ _ __ the growth in number of Christian ===—- LN1Ae2Tt1hI5lei =rAla"l6n,ldlIs,C:AIn:adn:ide$.W=E=ST~I~N=DI:E:S ====== 178Ci communicants in China, chiefly [Numbers indicate per cent. from among Confucianists, is very increase. 1900-1925J encourar"r'~ing. '1'he greater rapidity of growth of the Christian Church 1925 in China than among the peoples of India ,. d uprairntg1y the last quarter RATES OF GROwrH IN CHRISTIAN century, to be accounted COMMUNICANTS IS for by the much more rapid increase in foreign and native workers in China in the same period. But until rather recently China has been appreciably less well staffed than India, reckoned on the basis of numbers of Christian workers to one million of the population.

In Shintoist Japan a larger proportion of the total population is Christian than in either China or India, and the rate of increase (the number of communicants more than trebled since 1900) is rela- tively high. In India, with its many religions, there has been a greater numerical increase in communicants than in any other field.

This increase has been most rapid among the low caste Hindus of India proper and the Buddhists and animists of Burma, and least of all among the 70,000,000 Moslems. .

Among Moslems the least progress seems to have been made in those regions which are most truly Moslem and the greatest progress to have been made where there is the greatest admixture of

animism and paganism. There is less to show, so far as numbers of converts are concerned, for the work among Moslems inWestern Asia, Arabia and Northern Africa than in the Netherlands Indies or even in northwestern China and in India. This is not surprising, and it should not be regarded as discouraging.

Among animist and pagan peoples the proportion of total population which has become Christian is higher than among the Confucianists, Buddhists, Shintoists and Hindus. And the rate of growth in Christian communicants has been higher, during the last quarter century, in Africa and Australasia than in Asia as a whole, though not equal to the growth in certain parts of Asia.

In Roman Catholic countries-the Philippine Islands and Latin America, notably in the former-the growth of Protestantism has been comparatively rapid in the last twenty-five years.

GROWTH BY CLIMATIC ZONES In the eastern hemisphere, approximately half the foreign missionarieS'are working in equatorial, low latitude, and the hotter monsoon regions. This area, from most of which the white peoples of Europe and America are probably permanently ex·cluded, so far as colonization is concerned, because of the climatic factors, includes very much of Africa, except the extreme northern and southern portions, and much of Arabia, Iraq, India, Indo-China, Malaya, the Philippine Islands, the Netherlands Indies, and Australasia. In this hot belt live a very high percentage of all the animist and pagan peoples of the world, and about three fourths of all the Moslems. In these regions which are less hospitable to the peoples from whom the foreign missionary forces are almost wholly recruited, the Christian communicants number about 2,000,000, comprising approximately two thirds of the communicants of the entire so-called non-Christian world. The adaptability of the Christian Gospel to these hotter lands, which has sometimes been disputed, seems to be well established, as, for instance, in the Netherlands Indies and the Cameroun.

In general, the climatic factor has not appeared to have any very great effect upon the results of missionary endeavor. Whether in China and Japan, most analogous in climate to the eastern United States, in the tropical monsoon belt of India and Indo-China, or in equatorial Africa and Australasia, missionary progress has seemed to be generally proportionate to the effectiveness of the missionary occupation and to the openness of the people to foreign religious and cultural influences. The universal adaptability of the Christian Gospel has been demonstrated from the climatic as well as racial and religious viewpoints. This is more important than generally recognized, because the climatic factor is more permanent than political, religious, linguistic or even racial factors, and in the long run has much to do in determining the uses to which each region

A CENTURY OF MISSIONARY PROGRESS

will be put in human economy and the sort of civilization that will ultimately prevail.

IN CONCLUSION It is true that there are more non-Christians in the world today than ever before in history. They number now at least 1,000,000,000 souls and the annual numerical excess of births over deaths among the one thousand million non-Christians is much greater than the annual increase of possibly 200,000 Christian converts won in the non-Christian world. If it were not for the fact that the growth in numbers of Christians somewhat approximates a geometrical ratio, while the increase in population has: a tendency to slow down, it would seem a hopeless task, under present conditions, to attempt to make the kingdoms of this world the Kingdom of our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ. But it is not impossible that within another twenty-five or fifty years the annual numerical increase of Christians in the non-Christian world will exceed the annual numerical increase in population, and that thereafter the non-Christian populations may steadily diminish while the Christian population steadily increases.

The quantitative data available are of very great significance in any study of the missionary enterprise, but it must be remembered that they reveal the situation and the trend only in part. It is, for example, well recognized that in certain countries the influence of the comparatively few Christians is effective far beyond the proportion of their numbers. Westerners should realize that this is partly due to the thought that Christianity brings with it certain benefits connected with the civilization of the West, and is not wholly due to the recognized merits of the Christian Gospel itself. In other cases the identification of Christianity with Western civilization is a handicap.

Statistics clearly indicate that the Christian Gospel has already taken root among peoples of all religious faiths, languages and cultures and in all climes. But they cannot reveal the fact that the Christian task and program are necessarily a world task and program -that is implicit in the Gospel itself. One of the most serious handicaps to the missionary enterprise is the very imperfect application of Christ's spirit and principles to the life of the Western world. Perhaps an equal handicap is the consequent failure to Christianize the contacts of the so-called Christian peoples with the non-Christian peoples at many points. If the increase in Christians in the non- Christian world is to overtake and pass the growth in population, and if the increasingly influential indigenous Christian minorities in these lands are to be effectively strengthened, there must be, not only an adequate advance in foreign missionary endeavor, but also a simultaneous effort to make the life of Christendom more wholly Christian.

A BROTHERHOOD PROBLEM FOUR significant things particu.larly called to our attention, or which . have taken place in the past ten years, clearly indicate to the writer that the type of Christianity now generally existent in our churches will never bring to pass the universal brotherhood for which we pray.

1. THE WORLD WAR DEIJIBERATELY S'l'ARTED BY SO·CALI.ED CHRISTIAN NATIONS.

2. THE REPUDIATION OF OUR s'rANDARDS OF' CHRISTIAN LIFE BY ALTRUISTIC MEN IN NON· CHRISTIAN I,ANDS, LIKE GANDHI; ALSO BY RETURN· ING STUDENTS AND BY SOME VERY SUCCESSFUL MISSIONARIES.

3. THE ADOPTION AND PROMULGATION OF ANTJ·HUMAN BROTHERHOOD TEACHINGS BY THOUSANDS OF CHURCH MEMBERS IN CERTAIN ORGANIZATIONS -THE K. K. K. TO ILLUSTRA'I'E. 4. THE REMARKABLE GROWTH AND ACCEPTANCE OF REVOLUTIONARY INDIVIDUAL INTERPRETATIONS OF THE SCRIPTURES BY O'rHER ORGANIZATIONS CALLED CHRISTIAN-SPIRI'rUAL AND MENTAL HEALING CULTS, FOR IN· STANCE.

If the conclusion in our first paragraph is true, and our type of Christianity must be greatly raised to produce loving human relation· ships, we are led to ask-" Are there any standards of religious life which, if followed, will bring universal brotherhood, stop war and make the religion of Jesus reasonable and attractive to those who are seeking light and ' The Way' ~"

We hear it often said, "Obedience to the teachings of tve Sermon on the Mount will do this." But has the truth of this assertion been practically demonstrated either in individual or social life 1 "Yes,"

some would answer, "in individ.ual life now and then, and partially in some religious communions in the world," as examples, men of such character as Lord Shaftesbury and the poet Whittier; organizations such as the peace.promoting Quakers and Adyentists with their sani· tariums, their missionary spirit and noted giving record.

If this is true, can we determine the reason or basis why some in· dividuals and certain communions have come nearer than others in Jiving up to Christ's standards ~ We find these individuals and communions have the follo,wing be· liefs and practices in common: , 1. A DEVOUT LOVE AND REVERENCE FOR GOD, BASED ON A RE,MARKABLE KNOWLEDGE OF AND A THOROUGH LOYAVTY TO THE TEACHINGS OF THE WHOLE BIBLE.

2. A FULL RECOGNITION OF PERSONAL OBLIGATION FOR LIVES OF SERVICE TO THEIR FELLOW MEN.

3. ACCEPTANCE OF JESUS CHRIST AS ACTUAL T~ORD AND DIRECTOR OF ALL OF LIFE'S ACTIVITIES.

4. REVERENT OBSERVANCE OF THE SABBATH OR LORD'S DAY AS A HOLY DAY KEPT SACRED FOR SPIRITUAL USE.

After reading the above over a number of times, we are led to ask- Is it possible thfLt these simple common· place statements form the basis of the normal life for which we 'are looking 'I-Or is this an anti.

climax to the Brotherhood problem indicated in our first paragraphs?

We wonder! A. A. HYDE.

in the Bengal

BY A MISSIONARY IN THE VILLAGES O~, BENGAL T HERE are many sides to this life-comic, serious, pathetic, patriotic, beautiful, revolting-especially to a woman. To the spotlessly clad lady is put the question, "Have you bathed today?" .A man asks, "How old are you1" and adds that he had consulted the servants and had learned that my age was "exactly ]30 years I" The usual questions about ma.rriage and family naturally are more frequent in the villages than in the towns, but all must be answered in good humor, and turned to good account in approaching our main subject. When the Women run away at sight of a hat and umbrella, and refuse to believe the sex of the intruder, the comic becomes serious. Patience is required to secure a hearing. One may be thought to be so holy as not to require food. It is equally unpleasant to be so untouchable that a dose of medicine, or diet which might save a life, is sternly refused. In selling gospels one may be required to throw the book into a hand of the buyer, so as not to touch it, and to pick up the copper from the ground!

The beautiful Bengal jungle, who shall describe it? Europeans are usually so taken up with gasping in the damp heat that if they see they do not find energy to describe it, but it is beautiful in every detail. There is also beauty left in some of the souls, especially in devoted wives who make it their religion to reverence their husbands. To be honest, however, it is necessary to carry the beauty of Jesus Christ in one's own soul, or the revolting things would very soon outweigh the beautiful.

Imagine being called into a home to "speak the good words" and being faced by half a dozen old women, whose visages would drive away every thought of holiness. Or sailing down a beautiful river, admiring the scenery, and suddenly beholding a human corpse, face downwards, digging its head into the bank, the whole neighborhood being" filled with the odor thereof." Such sights are common, and we have to drink the water! "For His sake" we live here and He keeps our souls in life.

How to reach the dense village population forming 95 per cent in Bengal, with thousands of villages in one small district, is a question calling for divine solution. Years ago we were led to start a primitive dispensary, miles away from any proper doctor or government dispensary. This gradually won the confidence of the people, and many thousands of poor folk have been helped in body and soul. They who come for medicine (all women) listen to 281

our preaching while their bottles are being filled, and many buy Scriptures to take home. In our itineration work we find the dispensary has changed the whole tone of our reception for at least 20 or 25 miles around and the name of Jesus is known where it was never heard before. The dispensing is still carried on in a tumbledown thatch and mud hut, while the patients sit in the open. Very little money is spent for "establishment," and less still for doctor's salary, as no such worker has ever been available.

But the main effort is to put God 's Word into the hands of those who can read. This involves perils and experiences of all kinds, but He Who gave the command gives the strength and opportunities.

An illiterate cart driver became convicted of sin while talked to by his passenger, heard of the way of salvation gladly, and found, when talking about it at home, that his younger brother had a gospel bought from the same worker years before when he was at school. It had been laid by with his school books, but was now brought out and read to the elder brother. His testimony on a second journey was that Jesus had brought much peace to his soul, but when he heard that to follow Him meant to endure persecution in the world his enthusiasm cooled.

Women everywhere, almost without exception, are glad to hear the Message, when they once understand what it means, and doubtless some treasure it in their hearts, for when they come across the messenger again, many years afterwards, they ask for certain hymns to be sung, or words to be repeated. The one great standing sorrow and heart's cry of the Jungle Missionary is "Why are these people to be left so long without knowing Jesus died for them 7" What is one itinerant among two millions of people~ Every missionary has a family, even if a floating one, i. e., when the various waifs and protegees are put into homes or boarding schools. Their support has to be found and holidays arranged for, so the floating family is by far the most difficult to manage, especially when one has no fixed home. The moral state of the country precludes the foster mother from any domestic assistance by the elder girls; they are only safe in homes or as married women. Still it is the opinion of this Jungle Missionary that we are more likely to make stalwart Christians by living alongside of them than by gathering them in large buildings, away from their homes, for training so different from their village life.

The Jungle Missionary needs to know a bit of every trade and science under the sun, to be ready-witted, grounded and settled on God, with all possible education, and one "too good for the work" has never yet been found; nor can the most devoted wish for a better or fuller life.

for Chinese

From an Address at the C. I. M. Conference at Swanwick, June, 1924'* BY MISS A. M. ,JOHANNSEN CHILD-LIFE in Ohina often reminds me of a beautiful garden, w~ere there are flowers of every description. There are some brIght of hue, and of great beauty; others not so beautiful, but full of fragrance. Te find others soft and sweet, others very prickly, full of thorns, but none the less attractive. Some thrive in the sunshine, others only come to' .–__________~_…, perfection in the shade. Some grow slowly, but steadily, others need constant pruning. But to all who have eyes to see the beauty in the child, and hearts to understand the child-m~nd, there is an endless charm about each and all. I have found them quite as interesting and responsive as children at home.

Alas! there are countless children in Ohina who are drooping, yes, even perishing, for lack of care, because they are not in the right soil. It is our part to see that they are brought into a different atmosphere. As their hearts are the same as those of our children at home, they have the same needs. How great those needs are, "OF SUCH IS THE KINGDOM OF HEAVEN" only those who have studied the child-question in Ohina can Know.

There are the little outcasts, girls, who have escaped being drowned, but who are not wanted,and are therefore sent to the Foundling HospitaL There are the millions given awa-y to other families, brought up to be drudges in the household. There are the numbers sold to be slaves, and often for worse purposes. There are boys, who from their very babyhood are taught to bow down to wood and stone, who are brought up in superstition and fear. There are the poor boys, who have to work far beyond their strength, and are old men before they are out of childhood. The great numbers from the better classes, who grow up without any discipline often learn gambling at an early age.

There is nothing in their own religions to help them. Only as 283

far as we can bring them into contact with Him who once became a little child can there be any hope for them, and any promise for the future of Ohina.

For that reason we have established Ghristian schools, which we seek to make strong evangelistic agencies, and where we endeavor to put Christ and His Word first in the curricnlum; schools where we teach that the fear of God is the beginning of wisdom, and where we try, not only to give the children an education, but to lead them to the Author of eternal salvation. The primary and intermediate schools have had a wonderful power for good, and have been the training ground for the Church. They have also made themselves felt in the community because of their strong moral influence. The parents gladly pay higher fees in our mission schools than they would have to pay in the government schools, and many a boy is brought to the mission school as a last resource. They also know that our scholastic standard is higher.

But better than all scholastic attainments is the fact that many get to kno.w Christ. Hearts can be touched by the Gospel and the Spirit of God at any age, but as one studies the question there are certain ages, when it seems that the children are more ready to yield themselves to Christ.

From four till eight years of age, the child brought up in a Christian atmosphere is very responsive, and usually loves Christ in a simple, childlike way, never doubting His love, and thoroughly believes in prayer. I have seen a very small child getting the victory in prayer. I have seen children of four and six years of age joyfully going to Jesus, and telling their parents they were going to Heaven. More remarkable still, I have seen children from heathen homes, who had been only two or three years in the school, being so gripped by the Gospel that, when they were dying, they would bear a bright testimony right to the very end, and the death of one of these little ones, at least, was the meaus of preparing the father to turn to the living God before it was too late.

From nine to thirteen is a far more difficult age, but during those years, hearts are often touched, and many turn from idols to the living God. They learn to confess when they have done wrong, a thing only brought about by Christian influence.

When the age of fourteen to twenty is reached there is often a great change for the better, though occasionally for the worse. As a rule there are many decisions for Christ in the school, and among those who have already left school. At that age nearly all the young people are very responsive to love and reason, and it is most important that we win their confidence. Therefore it counts far more what we are than what we do. Many of the most difficult ones will break down utterly when appealed to in love. Prayer with the children, not only for them, helps over many difficulties. The little ones readily

1925J WORK FOR CHINESE CHILDREN

yield in prayer, and many a time some of the biggest girls have broken down and confessed with tears, when nothing but prayer would have overcome their hard feelings against one another.

Ohristian Endeavor has been a great help in our schools. It makes the young people feel they have to walk carefully. It helps them in their study of the Bible, and often helps them to open their lips in prayer. It is a good training ground for preaching, and many young people have got their first start there. It gives them the missionary spirit, the big boys going out with others for open-air meetings, and the girls buying tracts for the work. It gives them an interest in other mission fields, and several times we have sent money to other countries.

Some of the girls have been trained as nurses or teachers, but the majority have been trained to be Ohristian wives and mothers. They have their faults, but they certainly could not have been what they are, without the training they received in the school.

Many a boy has borne a bright witness for the Lord in his heathen home. One was called "a good apprentice of the missionary" by his vegetarian mother, because, she said, he preached to her all day long, exhorting her to give up her vegetarian vow, and trust in Ohrist Jesus and His cleansing Blood.

Another result is that the children get a thorough knowledge of the Bible. It has been often proved that those who stay with us through the whole course, who give themselves to Ohrist, and get the full benefit, not only of the Bible lessons in the school, but of the systematic Bible study given for the advanced Ohristians, can easily hold their own with the students of the Bible Institute.

Again, another result is that they learn to consider others, and not to live for themselves, to give, even to the point of sacrifice. At a O. E. missionary collection one young girl gave her only dollar, which cost her a great deal. When building our new church, the children not only worked hard to earn some money for it, but gave up their allowance of meat (a weekly treat), and taught us a lesson in self-denial. Five years ago the boys saved a little baby girl, and cared for her for three years or more.

Among the hindrances in our work for the young people of Ohina, one is the great poverty. Many of the Ohristians are not able to put their children in school. Another difficulty is, that there are so many free, and half-free, government schools, that it is often difficult to get pupils. The Ohinese are striving for a Western education, but never before has there been so much opposition to Salvation. Lawlessness is abroad everywhere, and its spirit is making itself felt even in smaller schools and mission schools. Waves of anti-Ohristian feeling have swept through many of the government schools and colleges. The New Thought Movement and Modernism are ruining many of the higher educational institutions of the dif-

ferent missions. Japan is flooding China with unhealthy fiction and unclean books of every sort, which are poisoning the minds of the young people, and we have to watch every book that is brought into the school.

There is an increasing tendency to engage girls to outside families, for the sake of getting richer homes. The boys often are apprenticed to heathen masters, and cannot come to any of the services for years.

We need the right kind of teachers who have a supreme love for Christ, and will always put Him first, who will yield their all, and hold nothing back. We want those who will not be teachers only, but lovers of souls, eager to serve the least of these, thus following in the footsteps of Him who pleased not Himself. And we need Chinese Christian teachers, who will be willing to give their time and talents to God's service. School work is exacting work for the Chinese teacher, often a rather thankless task, and nearly always badly paid.

We need a new vision of the needs of China's children, a heart filled with the compassionate love of Christ, a heart that vrill not be satisfied, until He is able to gather many of the lambs to His bosom, and to make a host of young people vessels meet for His use. That is not an easy task. It will take our best talents, our most earnest endeavor. Someone has said: "The conversion of China will cost the Church her treasures, the Colleges their brightest ornaments, and the Missions the lives of their best men; and unless we are willing for all that, we had better give it up." But we cannot give it up, for the millions of young people in China are the souls for whom Christ died and whom He is waiting to save.

It is only on our knees the victory is won. Do you realize that the intercessory missionary at home is quite as· necessary as the working missionary in China ~ God grant that many young lives may be laid on the altar for His service, and that all of you who are the Lord's remembrancers may not keep silent, but give Him no rest, until He make many of China's young people a praise and glory to His Name.

Spirit of Unity in Home Missions*

BY REV. LEMUEL OALL BARNES, D.D., NEW YORK I N A brief study of "The Growing Spirit of Unity in Home Mis- sions" two or three principles must be taken for granted. First, there are few things on earth more obviously wicked than is wasteful competition among agencies created by the churches for breaking up the virgin sod and planting the garden of God on the great new continent of North America.

Second, denominations of Christians who care more for personal loyalty to Christ and personal liberty in following Him than they .do for mechanistic devices of any kind, ecclesiastical, ritual or metaphysical, denominations which have grown strong and powerful through such loyalty and liberty, will never surrender them to any academic theory of church union.

Third,· whatever may be the goal of other bodies, a Council of Missions is concerned not with ecclesiastical maneuvers nor with speculative ideals: it is concerned wholly with concert of .action in planting the garden of God.

a Each of these assumptions appeals for an extended exposition, instead of single dogmatic sentence. But, granting the infallibility of the three sentences, they plunge us at once into the actual facts concerning growing concert·of action in home missions.

In the present state of existence spirits are seen only as they are embodied. Therefore, we see the Growing Spirit of Unity in Home Missions, first and mainly, as it is embodied.

THE GROWING EMBODIMENT OF UNITY Home Missions have been conducted in America for three hundred years and in a distinctly organized way for more than one hundred years. On July 3, 1800, the Massachusetts Missionary Society (Congregational) organized the year before, cOIlll)1issioned Adoniram Judson, Sr., as a missionary to the wilderness settlements of Vermont. When he came home and told the story of thrilling missionary vicissitudes on that American frontier, his namesake, a wide-eyed adoring son, twelve years of age, was filled and fired with a missionary ideal which later took him and others with him to be the first American missionaries to Asia. Adoniram Judson, Jr., becoming a Baptist on the way, led that denomination as a whole to organize for missions. In this epoch-making history God caused both Home and Foreign Missions and two denominations to cooperate. But the denominations did not like it and in the process called each other hard names.

• From an address delivered at Atlantio City before the Home Missions Conference. 287

For more than one hundred years organized Home Missions cooperated only when compelled by overruling Providence or, now and then, here and there, by an uprush of the Holy Spirit, which the most indurated sectarianism could not always suppress.

It was not until seventeen years ago that the Spirit of Unity in Home Missions became incarnated. Administrators of the great boards, like Charles L. Thompson (Presbyterian), Hubert C. Herring (Congregational) and Henry L. Morehouse (Baptist)-to mention only three who have since joined the Ohurch Triumphant-led in the creation of the Home Missions Oouncil. In March, 1908, half a dozen national boards organized this Council, thus inaugurating a new era in Home Mission unity. Today forty boards of twentyseven denominations comprise it.

The Oouncil of Women for Home Missions started in 1908 with nine boards and now has twenty cooperating boards. It was a great hour in Home Mission history when these two Oouncils were born.

Less conspicuous, but hardly less significant, has been the Growing Spirit' of Unity between the two Oouncils. It is betraying no secret frankly to admit that often before the Councils were organized the denominational societies of the whole Ohurch and the societies of women fell into the preposterous attitude of being competitors. Locally, they sometimes do so yet. But the national leaders have set a firm face against that attitude. The two' Oouncils are furnishing a prophetic, commanding example. Most of the work of the two is done now by "Joint Oommittees."

Another growing embodiment of the Spirit of Unity is in regional concerted action.

In 1911 a committee of the Home Missions Council, the "Neglected-Fields Survey Committee" held in fifteen western states conferences of state Rome Mission leaders of all denominations. State organizations were formed for the purpose of joint study of conditions. Several of those organizations have continued to the present, some of them 'with growing efficiency. State leaders were discovered and developed, deeply devoted to the principle of concerted action. Those state organizations gathered a large array of telling facts.

Before those days the only state organization was in Maine, where, since 1890, five denominations had been working efficiently in concert. In more than one great reform that easternmost state has set a pace for the nation.' "As goes Maine so goes the nation."

But the strenuous West had not as yet followed that eastern example in Rome Mission cooperation. A year and a half after the first western deputation of the Home Missions Council a second was commissioned. Four denominations, which have been particularly active in frontier mission work, provided the same men, Hubert C. Herring, Ward Platt, George Ernest McAfee and the writer.

1925J THE SPIRJT OF UNITY IN HOME MISSroNS

Other denominations furnished enthusiastic coadjutors. The findings of "The Neglected-Fields Survey" were studied in the second series of state conferences and their significance was pressed home.

In 1918, on the basis of information and spirit previously developed, the Home Missions Council offered to help some western state to put into operation a plan of thoroughgoing concert of action. Montana was the first to accept the offer. No wonder, for it was Montana which, by the ten tests of the Sage Foundation, stood highest of any state in the country in public education. In the summer of 1919 representatives of all the Protestant denominations in the state spent two weeks together in spirit study, map and field study of the state. In reaching conclusions, they were aided by the Council's deputation, especially by Dr. Anthony and Dr. Burton. The result was the organization of the Montana Home Missions Council and the allocation of every community in that immense commonwealth to the special care of some denomination. The method was not exclusive but inclusive.. It did not move in the realm of ecclesiastical negatives but wholly in the realm of missionary positives. For five years it has worked as well as anything can work in our highly complex world and in spheres which are complicated tenfold more by traditions dearer to people than life itself. The head of the Protestant Episcopal Church of Montana, Bishop F. W. Faber, has been from the start one of the most helpful spirits in the state, and, at the opposite extreme of ecclesiastical polity, the State Secretary of the Baptist Churches, G. Clifford Cress, has been from the beginning the efficient Secretary of the Montana Home Missions Council.

This "Every-Community Service" plan had been printed by the national Home Missions Council before the formation of the Interchurch W orId Movement was broached by anyone. It cheerfully chimed in with that Movement, but was neither swallowed up by it nor turned aside. After two years, three other states called for the Montana plan and put it in operation. The next year, 1924, two more states did likewise, so that seven far western states now are well org.anized. In the East, Vermont, on a plan of its own, has joined Maine. In addition to the nine states in which the denominations are moving together strongly in Home Missions, a number of other states have methods more or less effective in the coordination of home Inission work. Thus the Spirit of Unity in Home Missions is becoming well embodied regionally as well as nationally. The regional embodiment is more difficult to bring to pass and is all the more significant. That is now under headway for wide adoption. Its greatest danger of delay is the temptation for it to undertake a lot of other good things beside missions and so to break down under a complicated burden.

In the outlying home mission fields, the West Indies, the prin- 3

ciple of cooperation has been carried further than it has in the States. In Porto Rico coordination began with the occupation of the country by the United States. Zones of denominational responsibility were allocated in 1899. For years a joint religious paper has been published which commands a larger circulation than that of any other periodical of any sort in the island, a land commonly given to fleshly things instead of such seriousness as that. A feature still more marked is the joint seminary for ministerial training. This is one of the most advanced steps taken anywhere.

These long-tested and highly successful joint undertakings prove that the method of allocation of territory, deeply discounted by some swivel-chair cooperationists, instead of retarding other forms of concerted action, effectually promotes them. A quarter of a century of demonstration is worth millenniums of speculation.

In Santo Domingo the whole work is jointly conducted by five Protestant Mission Boards.

The real magnitude of the growing embodiment of the Spirit of Unity in Home Missions would not be noted if no mention were made of its rapid growth within denominations as well as between them. In most of the great communions this growth has been taking place lately at a record-breaking pace. It is part of the present great sweep of events in the Kingdom of Heaven on earth. It would be quite pertinent to describe that recent history in denomination after denomination. In some cases it has been almost a miracle of grace and the~e is more to follow.

Nearly two hundred years of Home Mission activity without organic cooperation even within denominations-then one hundred years of exclusively denominational organisms-now, in less than a score of years, sixty denominational Boards have entered into organic, intimate cooperation! With such geometrical progress, something worth while is coming to pass.

Were we strict pragmatists we might stop here. But that word "Spirit" lures us beyond and within. There are mental and, if you please, sentimental factors which are essential in this growing unity.

GROWING MENTAL CONSENT TO UNITY This, of necessity, underlies the growing embodiment of unity. This is so obvious that we need only note it with gratitude. In 1908 I read a paper on cooperation in missions at a conference of some twenty national and regional Baptist missionary leaders. The presentation of that subject by a new Secretary was cautious and mild in its proposals, but even so, only three of the men present stood with me. Today not more than three out of twenty leaders among us would be against it. In 1918 (only ten years later) the whole. Northern Baptist Convention voted without one dissenting voice to instruct the officers of its Home Mission Society to push the

THE SPIRIT OF UNITY IN HOME MISSIONS

"Every-Community Service Endeavor "-a plan much more thoroughgoing than anything proposed in 1908. Let this instance suggest a wide, slowly moving, irresistible avalanche of mental consent to growing unity in Home Missions.

THE INNER HEART OF UNITY This is something deeper than merely mental consent. When the " Neglected-Fields Survey" deputation met in Chicago to start on its second tour of western states that heaven-spirited Methodist, Ward Platt, sa,id: "It was so blessed to do it together a year and a half ago that I couldn't stay away this time." As we stood in a circle of prayer, with arms on each other's shoulders like a baseball team interlocked to cheer the opposing team, we were one in heart. We trusted each other. No man feared that one of the others would take partisan advantage. Faith in God and faith in each other is the secret of the Growing Spirit of Gnity in Home Missions.

We must take seriously the proposals of the Committee on Cooperation in states and other areas. We can guarantee, in the light of history, that so doing will secure solid advance. Between ten and fifteen thousand communities in the United States have no evangelical church whatever or have only one church. Commonly, that one church is without adequate equipment. On these unquestionably needy fields concerted concentration of Board action is perfectly feasible. It requires immediate planning for{t4e near future. Such direction of energy will incidentally answer all cavilers at Home Missions and it will call into ardent action unlimited resourcesresources both human and divine.

The nineteenth century had a necessary and worthy watchword – " Occupy strategic fields." Today there is a new and holy slogan -" SERVE EVERY COMMUNITY. "

WHAT AN "EVERY-COMMUNITY SERVICE" PROGRAM WOULD DO STRENGTHEN 5,000 WEAK CHURCHES WHERE THEY STAND ALONE. ESTABLISH CHURCHES IN 5,000 COMMUNITIES WHERE NONE EXIST. UNITE 10,000 OR MORE FEEBLE CHURCHES INTO 5,000 STRONGER CHURCHES, BRING THE GOSPEL OF CHRIST WITHIN REACH OF MULTITUDES NOW DESTITUTE. EXHIBIT THE SPIRIT OF CHRIST WHERE NOW ANTI-CHRISTIAN RIVALRY EXISTS. MARE MORE EFFECTIVE THE TES'rIlliQNY OF 'rHE CHURCH TO NON- CHRISTIANS. ANSWER EFFECTIVELY MANY ·JUST CRITICISMS MADE CONCERNING HOME MISSIONS. ENLIST NEW SUPPORTERS OF HOME MISSION, WI'l'H NEW ZEAL. HASTEN THE COMPLETION OF CHRIST'S PROGRAM ]<'OR ALL MANKIND. INAUGURATE A NEW DAY IN HOME MISSION WORK.

Masahisa U emura-The

Spurgeon A Sketch of the Eminent Christian, Pastor, Author and Ewucator nA N EMINENT Christian Japanese author, pastor, educator, and administrator, recently passed away in Tokyo. He was a higl11y educated man whose theological library Dr. John Kelman declared to be the best selected he had ever seen in any pastor's home. This Christian pastor, Dr. Masahisa Uemura, was so reticent about himself that until very recently no sketch of his life had appeared. He yielded, however, to the entreaty of Mr.

Galen Fisher, the American Y. M.

C. A. secretary in Tokyo, so that Mr. Fisher was able to give some salient points of Dr. Demma's career in his book, "Creative Forces in Japan." This sketch throws sidelights on the stuff of which Japanese Christian leaders are made.

Masahisa Demura was born in 1857. His father was a samurai of high rank in the Tokugawa clan, but was reduced to penury at the downfall of the clan at the Res- toration. :H'ired with ambition to restore the family fortunes, at fif- teen the boy entered a school MASAHISA UEMURA conducted by the Presbyterian missionary James Ballagh in Yokohama.

The family were Shintoists and young Masahisa devoutly wor- shiped at the shrine of a blacksmith who had risen to be a soldier and patriot. The young lad prayed that he might rise to prominence in like manner. But his fellow-students ridiculed the lad's piety, and before long he stopped paying visits to the shrine. One day he learned from Mr. Ballagh that Westerners also worshiped, but believed in oilly one God. This greatly impressed and astonished him and he immediately accepted the idea. Later, however, after he began to study theology, gTave doubts arose to trouble him.

At this time his ambitions radically changed. He no longer cared to become a high official, but in a short time felt a desire to 292 be a Christian minister. His parents, of course, objected to his receiving baptism, and he postponed it for several months. Five years. Jater, however, they too were baptized, and even though the Edict boards against Christianity were still hanging, there was no official persecution.

At the age of twenty-one, in 1878, the young Uemura entered an English college opened by the missionary Dr. Samuel Rollins Brown. The tuition was ten yen ($5.00) a month, equivalent to fifty yen now, and the student did all sorts of work to earn expenses.

His chief reliance was a school of his own where he taught fifty classes of one pupil each, from one until ten 0 'clock in the after- noon. He also raised pigs-then considered rather disgraceful-and he found that their chief virtues are that they need to be fed only twice a day and they turn everything they eat into cash I When the college was moved to Tokyo to become the forerunner of the pres- ent Meiji Gakuin, Mr. Uemura went with it and finished the course.

After graduation he took charge of a church in a poor part of Tokyo and earned his own living, so the church was self-supporting from the first. Then he began to preach in friends' houses in the better residential quarter and in 1887 a chapel was built. As the church had only twenty members, the pastor continued to earn his living by translating for magazines and teaching theology at Meiji Gakuin. Finally, in 1903, some missionaries objected to his using tV. N. Clarke's" Christian Theology, " so that he resigned in 1904 and started an independent theological school. Three years later a converted stockbroker gave the school a site and building with a small endowment. This school has continued ever since to have twenty or thirty students.

The Fukuin Shimpo (Gospel News) was started by Pastor Uemura as a Japanese B'ritish TVeekly and from the first he was editor and business manager. .

In 1888 Mr. Uemura went to America and England. Declining scholarships at Columbia and Princeton, he went to London where for five months he listened to Charles H. Spurgeon, Joseph Parker and James Martineau, and read many books. On his return to Japan Dr. Uemura again took up his church work.

For many years he has been the foremost figure in the "Nihon Kirisuto Kyokai" (Church of Christ in Japan). Although blunt and brusque in manner he was known to be sincere and loyal to the truth as he saw it. When the issue arose involving the independence of the Japanese Church from the Missions, he led the assault and carried the day. His living monument is the Fujimicho Church, of which he has been pastor ever since its foundation, nearly forty years ago. This church pulses with outgoing life, for it is a mother of churches and a breeder of ministers. It embraces rich and poor, officials and ex-convicts, many of whom are brought to it through

the work of Miss Oaroline Macdonald and Miss West. The congregation spends little on itself and much on extension. Its pulpit is life-building, for the sermons are expository and searching. .

In 1922 Pastor Uemura, as permanent chairman of the National Board of Missions of his denomination, was sent to America and Scotland, on the occasion of the fiftieth anniversary of the founding of the Nihon Kirisuto Kyokai, to express thanks to the churches abroad for the missionaries who planted the Ohurch in Japan.

In few if any countries can a man be found who has spanned the entire history of a denomination, having been a leading factor in its evangelistic, literary, educational, and administrative activities, and remain at sixty-eight the most dynamic, sagacious personality in its ranks.

Dr. Galen M. Fisher, for some years the American Executive Secretary of the Y. M. O. A. in Japan, writes: Dr. Demura was a remarkable combination of intellectual with mystical and poetic elements. His poetic gift accounted for the unexpected flashes of wit and insight which marked many of his sermons and addresses. When his addresses lapsed into mediocrity, this could be attributed to ill health, for he was an invalid during many years. Only by the exercise of titanic will power did he force himself to carry the work of two or three ordinary men t Weakness and pain also caused occasional failures to meet speaking engagements. His likes and dislikes were very pronounced but differences of opinion never seemed to affect cordial relations with those whom he respected. His tongue, at times, was sharp as a rapier. Sham and formalism he despised. For Christ and His Kingdom he spent himself to the uttermost. He was indeed a prince and a ruler in the Church in Japan for more than a generation.

Dr. Demura was generally considered conservative in theology, although he might probably more properly be termed a progressive evangelical. He was particularly devoted to the Scotch theologians and read practically everything by them, whether in books or periodicals. His aversion to traveling abroad was due in part to ill health and in part to unwillingness to leave, even for a few months, the many enterprises dependent upon him.

About a year after the great earthquake, which injured but did not destroy Dr. Uemura 's church, he moved into a new house that some friends had erected for him in Tokyo. He had not been long in his new home when a sudden attack of apoplexy, perhaps attended by heart failure, caused his death on January 8, 1925. The funeral was held in the Fujimicho church of which he had so long been the pastor, the present building being a temporary barrack structure erected after the earthquake. About 1200 people were present, many coming from distant parts of the country.

Dr. Uemura had gripped so many things in his hands, and was for so long a time the center around which the whole church moved, that his people will find it difficult to move forward: without him. The general sentiment, however, is optimistic, and, under a more democratic regime, the church may make more real and rapid progress.

from Recent Financial

BY REV. JAY S. STOWELL, NEW YORK AUTlIOR's NOTE:-The following article was written at the request of the editor. It is based upon a study of the experiences of a number of the larger and some of the smaller denominations which ha,ve waged special campaigns for benevolent funds during the past five or six years. It is by no means oomprehensive and it lays no olaim to infallibility.

MANY sorts of financial "campaigns" have been waged by mission boards in recent years. Some were conceived with the idea of launching a great new missionary advance; others were undertaken merely to avoid retreat during the period of strain and the reduced purchasing power of money brought about by the WorId War. Some were made to include the regular operating budgets, while others were for special items largely outside of regular items. Some solicited only large gifts from individual givers; others sought pledges from all members of local congregations; and still others sought pledges from local churches and groups of churches rather than from individuals. Some campaigns were for periods of five years; others covered shorter periods. In some cases the period of the formal campaign is completed; in other cases the time covered by the pledges is ilot yet terminated.

Because of these varied conditions many factors are hardly comparable, and conclusions drawn may not be borne out by the experience of all denominations. However, there have been enough common factors to lead us to venture the following observations: 1. There is no short curt to permanent progress. The idea that a denomination can in one great united effort over a brief period be raised to a much higher permanent standard of missionary interest and giving has not been borne out by experience. .Abiding results are not built upon spectacular advertising or spasmodic efforts, but rather upon the regular processes of missionary education, the practice of Christian stewardship and the deepening of spiritual life and missionary conviction. The denominations which have made the most consistent progress have been those that have relied upon and strengthened the regular educational processes. "Crises" and threatened calamities quickly lose their appeal. The law of diminishing returns soon begins to operate, and, though the "wolves" may be real ones the people will, after a time, not turn out to fight them off.

2. The five-year pledge is a mistake. That is particularly true in cases where the pledge includes the maintenance of work already under way. It is not so conspicuously apparent when the pledges are for large amounts for specific items outside of the regular maintenance items. It seems difficult to extend one burst of enthusiasm 295

over a period of five years. The payment of long term pledges tends to become irksome and the end of the period is reached with no satisfactory foundation or adequate provision for extending a going program into the ensuing period. The five-year pledge tends to a feeling of false security which stultifies the normal educational and promotional activities of missionary agencies and local churches as well.

3. Nothing can take the place of the missiowary motive in the giving of missionary money. There seems to be little question that under special pressure some individuals pledged beyond their convictions, with consequent unhappy results. Some wanted to help their denomination do a big thing or to put their local cliurch "over the top." In other cases churches entered the campaign with the implicit or explicit understanding that they would receive generous appropriations in return. Dissatisfaction has later arisen. Such an aftermath would not have ensued had the giving been from purely unselfish missionary motives.

a 4. Regular, systematic, proportionate giving on the weekly basis, as result of an every-metnber canvass promoted annually in the l'ooal churches, is a foundation stone of success. The very life of the missionary enterprise today depends upon the systematic giver, and the extension of the enterprise depends upon increasing the number of such givers. The annual every-member canvass for benevolences has come into its own and one of the incidental benefits of the process has been the placing of local church finance upon a much firmer basis than it has ever before been. Many churches, however, do not yet give adequate attention to the presentation of the needs for benevolence in connection with their every-member canvass plans.

5. The mission boards are the creatures of the churches-not their masters; and the missionary enterprise is the churches' enterjJr'ise. Missionaries and mission board secretaries inevitably see the field and its needs more vividly than do the workers in local churches and it is incumbent upon the missionaries and the secretaTies to present those needs to church members as clearly and effectively as possible. There comes a time, however, when the mission board secretary must recognize that he is but the representative of the churches, and, though it break his heart, he can move forward only so faT as the cooperation of the churches warrants. In the last analysis the missionary program must be integrated in the program of district and state ecclesiastical representatives, and of pastors in local churches and it must depend for its supporting leadership upon the regular ecclesiastical organization of the church. It must be a vital paTt of the regular program-not something "added on." 6. The faith of the churches in the wisdom and business integ-

LESSONS FROM REG'ENT FINANCIAL CAMPAIGNS

1"ity of their mission boards is funda1nental. Mission boards will doubtless always have their critics. Church members also are inclined to exact higher standards of their benevolent agencies than they tolerate in government affairs, in public business, or even in independent benevolent enterprises. In spite of that fact mission boards cannot safely engage in courses of conduct which will decrease the confidence of the churches iu them. Suspicion, once aroused, will continue long after the occasion for it has disappeared.

7. The varimts mission boards of a denomination must do team work in promoting missionary interest and giving. The importance of some central coordinating agency within a given denomination seems to have become fairly well established, although just what the functions of such an agency should be is not quite so clear. There is little desire to return to the former competitive system of approaching the churches. On the other hand it is increasingly clear that the work of promoting missionary interest and giving must rest primarily upon the boards that spend the money and are in the most intimate touch with the needs of the field rather than upon any purely promotional agency. Other things being equal, the best promoter of interest is the missionary himself and the second best is the mission board secretary, or other denominational agent who is responsible for the spending of missionary money as well as for its collection.

8. The man in the pew must be reached. Perhaps the most talked-of man in religious circles in recent years is that illusive individual known as "the last man in the last church." Noone knows better than mission board secretaries that in spite of all efforts he is still an unreaehed man. We have depended upon the pastor and the every-member canvasser to carry the message and we have supplemented their efforts with lantern slides, leaflet literature, periodicals and other devices. In spite of that fact the real missionary appeal has never had a fair chance at a large number of church members. In certain of the smaller denominations relatively greater success has been achieved, but in the larger groups we are still awaiting the genius who can devise a plan for actually reachiug "the last man in the last church."

9. Concrete facts and situations make a stl"Onger appeal than comprehensive statements of a genera~ program. As a whole the carefully formulated terminology chosen to designate the comprehensive missionary program of an entire denomination has gripped neither the heart nor the imagination as it was thought that it might. It has even tended to create the impression that such a program stands for something in itself, somewhat different aud apart from the regularly organized and going work conducted by the mission boards. On the other hand the appeal of concrete need is perennial and effective.

10. All missionary work is closely inter-related and the present organization of benevolent agencies within a denomination does not represent any clear cut demarkation of work or resp·onsibility. Many factors have been operating to. bring about this situation. Home missions, which at one time was conceived largely in terms of adult evangelism, has now become fundamentally a program of religious education with millions of dollars invested each year in its educa- tional phases, yet, in many denominations the religious education work of the church is still organized separately from its home mis- sion activity. Foreign missions has discovered that its real success is determined almost more in A.merica than in what happens abroad, and both home and foreign missions have seen more clearly than ever before that they are absolutely dependent upon the leadership developed and trained by the educational agencies. The further we go the more does it appear that denominational benevolent .agen- cies are engaged in the one common task of ministering to a needy world in the name of Jesus Christ and in leading men to accept Him as Lord and Master. * :I(: :1= :I(: Each of the foregoing ten points might easily be elaborated into a chapter, did space permit of illustrations and examples, and then the number of points could easily be doubled. However, so far as this article is concerned, we will leave the reader to do his own elaborating and to draw any further lessons.

We have passed through a most unusual period in the history of missionary benevolences. Not only have our methods of missionary promotion been affected, but our very conception of the nature of the missionary task itself has been changing. It would be a foolhardy man indeed who would undertake to predict what changes in missionary organization, program and method will be witnessed in the next twenty-five years. There is abundant evidence that we are moving and with considerable rapidity. Without doubt the movement itself is an evidence of the vitality of the missionary enterprise. Some mistakes have been made, but how could it have been otherwise when so many untrodden paths were opening up before us 7 The grossest of these errors have, however, been small indeed compared to the mistakes made in other fields of activity during the same period. In no case has there been a suggestion of conscious wrong on the part of those entrusted with the direction of our missionary program. The greatest mistake of all would have been to sit still and do nothing. Fortunately the church leaders did not make that mistake.

the Mission Boards Must Do*

Making Denominational Foreign Mission Programs BY REV. RALPH E. DIFFENDORFER" D.D., NEW YORK Secretary of the Board of Foreign Missions of the Methodist Episcopal Church I T IS becoming increasingly clear that any program adopted by any foreign mission board or any group of boards in America at the present time must be acceptable at least in its method to the great majority of the people in our churches. The day is past when we can adopt resolutions or frame a program and expect that mere adoption will mean acceptability in our churches. Those who are concerned with the so-called cultivation of the home base are confronted today by what may be called "the rising consciousness of the churches in America."

In order that any denominational program of foreign mission effort may become an expression of the normal Christian life of our people and our churches, it must in future be promoted throughout our denominations, not so much in a series of speeches, as in a series of round table conferences for the interchange of opinion and the reaction of mind upon mind until it is accepted.

Therefore, what I have to say is dependent upon that method of procedure. For this reason, in the conference this afternoon on this very subject, the program has been left without any designated speakers. It will be an open conference in which Mission Board secretaries, women, laymen and missionaries will endeavor to think together on some of the problems that face us in our future denominational missionary programs.

Here there is time only to outline what is in my own mind with reference to the foreign mission situation in the decade ahead of us.

I. First, the foreign mission boards must lead in a neW and continual study of the foreign mission motive. This is fundamental. Our methods of work throughout the world, our approach to our home constituencies, our relationship to national Christians, in fact, our whole program will depend upon the motive of our foreign mission effort.

There was a time when people were moved chiefly by the command that the Gospel must be preached in the whole world, and many today are actuated by this worthy motive. Once, compassion and pity, especially to save people from" the wrath to come," was the compelling motive for the preaching of the Gospel to the non- Christian world. Some are still moved by that incentive.

There was a time when the desire to be of service to the world was a very compelling motive to many, and this is still true. As one to From an address at the Washington Foreign Missions Convention. 299

of our national Christians has said, the service motive is sometimes tinged with what he called" an offensive superiority complex" that makes it difficult for that kind of motive to succeed.

Today it seems that we must have accepted a motive that rests squarely upon Christian love. This love recognizes the inherent value of every man throughout the world in his own right, not be- cause of any country or race or color, but because through his nos- trils there is breathed the breath of the living God. In preaching Jesus Christ to every creature and to all creation we are releasing forces sometimes unknown to the world, forces that can cooperate with us in establishing the worldwide brotherhood of righteousness and love.

This is the only motive that will satisfy the leaders who are now arising in the new churches of non-Christian lands, who desire in their own way to help bring in a Christ world.

The responsibility for the study of these motives and for pro- claiming them to our churches rests upon the foreign mission boards.

We must proceed in all of our educational and programizing proc- esses with this very fundamental responsibility definitely in mind.

II. In the second place, the facts show that there are still many unoccupied regions and many millions of people who have not yet one witness of Jesus Christ. Any adequate foreign mission program must take into account these untouched groups. In times past we have programized these untouched groups almost entirely in terms of geography as "unoccupied territory." While we must keep in mind these neglected fields, especially the hinterlands of South America, of Asia and of Africa, yet we should realize that when the geographical frontiers are taken, it will amount to little if the minds of the people are still closed against us, and if whole groups in the so-called open countries have not been reached with the gospel message. In other words, our "unoccupied territory"

has become more than territory. The unreached groups and non- Christian phases of social living must be won for Jesus Christ. Our noblest young men and women must go forth to preach the Gospel, so that it will touch with new life all groups of men and all phases of human living. .

III. A third factor in an adequate foreign mission program for a denomination is akin to the second. The time has come when the foreign mission boards must make it an avowed part of their program to make all our contacts with the non-Christian world Christian. I mean that it is the concern of foreign mission boards that our race relations shall be Christian, and that race prejudice in America and throughout the world shall be eliminated. It is of concern to us to know whether the governments, in their mandates, exploit the weaker peoples of the world. It is of prime concern to us to see that in our industrial and political contacts throughout the

1925J WHAT THE MISSmN BOAIWS MUST' DO

world the Gospel of Jesus shall be predominant and preeminent, and that these contacts shall be Christian.

It is well-nigh fruitless to send Christ's messengers into the world, if their messages are to be neutralized by these un-Christian contacts. Therefore, I plead that, from now on, we shaH take it as a legitimate, normal part of our foreign mission program in America to insist, with all of our power and with all of the strength of our massed forces, that the agents of so-called Christian nations throughout the world shall be Christian indeed.

IV. In the fourth place-a note that has been sounded many a time in this convention-we must have the cooperation of all the agencies concerned. We certainly cannot make any plans for the unevangelized groups of the world, and face the problem of making all our contacts Christian, unless we approach these groups and these problems in a united way. From this convention let us go to our various boards united on every phase of this work until we make an impact upon the world that is really felt. These cooperative relationships will extend beyond our foreign mission groups, for the program of foreign missions is closely interrelated to our home missionary problem. It is certainly intricately related to the work of our whole system of secular and religious education in America. For instance, what a challenge of Christian opportunity there is in our educational institutions in which there are today hundreds, yes, thousands, of foreign students! What friendliness do they find J We can handle this problem if we will only go about it through the introduction of these students into Christian homes. We ought to be concerned also with the teaching they receive, the philosophy of life presented to them, and the examples of Christian living with which they are surrounded. While we are sending missionaries throughout the world, there go back from our American institutions every year, hundreds of these visiting students from Oriental lands, educated young men and young women who are in a real sense missionaries of what America has to teach and to say.

One of the most important things for the future of foreign missions is that the presidents and the professors of every educational institution in America shall realize that the day for the minimizing of religion and for the ridicule of spiritual life in the classroom and on the campus must be gone and gone forever. There is no justification for thinking that foreign missions is an unrelated problem that stands off to one side. There is no hope of our making an impact upon the complex and closely-knit social world of this day unless it is a definite part of our program that all Christian agencies are linked together in these common tasks.

V. The fifth factor in an adequate program arises out of our relations with the churches in the mission fields. Some plan must be developed in our ecclesiastical politics, as well as in our foreign

mission and social programs, for cooperation with these natio.nal churches. It has been an avowed purpose of foreign missions to go to the mission :fields and help to establish the Church as a Christian agency. Now we realize that we must gradually withdraw ourselves, especially from all administrative positions.

The kind of cooperation referred. to here is not the cooperation of supervision, nor is it attained by withdrawal. There is as much danger in the latter as there is in the former. We must work out, in the basic organization of our church life, a program by which we may cooperate with these rising churches, and link their forces with ours in order that we may bring in the Kingdom of God.

This is one of the most difficult factors in the organization of what is technically called the "Missions" on the :field, and its relation to the groups of national churches. Such a plan of cooperation goes to the very heart of our ecclesiastical life in North America.

It is important also that the churches upon the mission field should understand this point of view. One of the great opportunities of. foreign mission agencies, in a world knit together as we are today, is to promote cooperation between the Japanese churches and the Chinese churches and between the Chinese churches and the Indian churches, and between the Indian churches and the African churches and between the African and the European churches and the Latin American churches.

This is a problem that can be solved by nothing less than a great united movement such as an International Christian Council.

Those who are stUdying the great currents of life around the world and especially the great migrations of peoples, feel, also, that there are points of contact which only the churches of the non- Christian lands can possibly make. Think of East Africa and the Indian migration; of the problems in Argentina and Uruguay and Chile and other Latin American countries with reference to Europe; of the Islands of the South Seas in relation to the Japanese, Indian and Chinese churches. Some are urging the use of Christian Negroes from the West Indies to evangelize the Indian population of Central America. These complicated relationships demand the greatest statesmanship and the most far-sighted policies as we present to our candidates, our missionaries and our ecclesiastical officers throughout the world this great world family conception of the Christian churches, in the world united in a common task.

VI. The last point, which it seems to me is the most important, is a very greatly enlarged conception and a greatly enlarged program of missionary education. Some of us who have been studying these problems for years feel that missionary education has come to a crisis and must be seen in perspective once more in order that it may be related to these needs that are arising in the programizing policies of the boards.

1925J WHAT THE MISSION BOAR,DB MUST DO

There was a time when missionary education consisted largely in telling people about the land, the people, the government, the history, the early missionaries, the present policies and the outlook for Ohristian work. Seven or eight chapters were written uni- formly about all the countries. Many of these facts are now com- mon knowledge, the information being available through many sources. We have corne now to a place where the great missionary enterprise should be related to the great currents of religious thought that are now running through the world, stirring multitudes of people everywhere.

There is a relation between war and foreign missions, and it is for the leaders of the foreign missionary enterprise to interpret that relationship to our people in the greatest missionary education movement that we have ever undertaken.

Race relations have a vital connection with our foreign mission enterprise and we, who are most deeply interested in this problem, must interpret race relations of a Ohristian sort.

We must also study the problems of economic imperialism and not leave that study to some curtained committee in a faraway office. We must bring the facts out in the open so that the mass of public opinion can be brought to bear upon them. Evils must be remedied so that the Ohristian message shall not be neutralized anywhere in the world by these social, industrial and political evils.

Our educational program must also relate foreign missions to the exploitation of natural resources of weaker peoples for private or corporate gain, and to the spread of modern industry. .. The immediate problem is to integrate these great living vital issues with our foreign mission policies and programs.

VII. We must go one point further. Foreign mission agencies have the opportunity to interpret the life of God to the world and especially to those at horne so that He will be to them a Missionary God. Many of our people worship a God who does not lift them beyond their own confines, one not vitally related to race problems and industrial conflicts, and to world-wide international relations. To many He seems to be a God of enlightened self-interest. There is no group in America upon whom the responsibility rests as upon foreign mission students and leaders to interpret the universality of God and the provisions and implications of His Gospel.

It is easily seen that from my point of view the foreign mission task is far from finished. It will not be finished in the coming decade or quarter of a century. It is an enlarging, and ever enlarging program, until the Ohurches of Christ all over the world become united in one common endeavor to establish and maintain justice, peace and good will among all races and nations of men. EDITED BY MRs. E. C. CRONK, 721 MUHLENBERG BLDG., PHILADELPHIA, PA.

Editor of the l1"ternational Review of Missions HOSPITALITY AND MISSIONARY ·talk emphasizing the part played by EDUCATION ships in the spreading of the Gospel.

Reported by CORA LEE WILLIAMS Beginning with the story offroCmhrtisht~ Himself, who "pushed out All missionary meetings need not be exactly alike in order to be "ortho- shore in a boat" and taught the peo- dox." One that was a bit different pie, she went on to speak of Paul's and yet very worth while was held missionary journeys and experiences recently in the Presbyterian Church on ships. Then she introduced in of East McKeesport, Pennsylvania. turn the captains who, in graphic The Women's Missionary Society two-minute talks, gave the story of of that church entertained the socie- the ships represented by their tables.

ties of the other churches of the town. Much of the material for these talks The program was divided into two was taken from a leaflet, "Sailing on parts. First, there was a most help- Famous Missionary Ships,' '3 while ful devotional service built on "The other information was gleaned from House of the I~ord's Prayer," 1 by various other leaflets, from the MIR- Amos R. Well", and a pa!!,eant, "Two SIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD, and Masters. "2 dt'nominational magazines and books.

The second part of the program Among the ships represented were: was conducted in the dining room. The twin boats" The Lois" and "The The guests were invited to take a sail Lindsay," that have done such wonand were given tiny cardboard cu~ derful work in Alaskan waters, under outs of ships as tickets. The fourteen the Board of National Missions of tables, each representing a ship, were the Presbyterian Church. The story decorated in different colors. The of the recent destruction of "The tickets corresponded in color to the Lois" and the furnishing by Mrs.

ships on which various passengers Harding and Mrs. John Grier Hib- were to sail and a captain from the ben, of Princeton, of a new boat to hostess church was in command of be known as "The Warren G. Hardeach ship. The passengers readily ~ng" to take its place, was of thrilling found their captains by the colors mterest.

corresponding to the tickets and "The Southern Cross," furnished were conducted to the dining room. for the use of Bishop Patteson from Each table had for a centerpiece a the proceeds of the sale of a book toy sailboat, loaned by a local store written by his cousin, Charlotte and fitted up with a pennant bear~ Yonge, and "The Day Spring, " i~g the name of a missionary ship. known as the "White Winged Mes-.

LIttle boats, folded by the Juniors, senger of Mercy to the Hebrides"

from kindergarten paper (}f corre- brought out interesting incidents. '

sponding shades, served as candy No one present could fail to catch holders and place cards. the note of heroic consecration After the guests were seated the in the story of " The Allen Gardiner. "

captain of the flagship, acting as 'fhen there was "The Harmony" of toastmaster, gave an introductory which the Moravian poet, James 304

BEST METHODS

Montgomery, writes, and the wonder- our disposal, but there are various ful work it made possible on the Lab- substitutes all the way down to the rador Coast. window of the little village store which might be available occasionally One captain impersonating Cap- for such an exhibit if a committee tain Luke Biekel piloted her hearers representing the churches made rethrough the Inland Sea of J a.pan, quest for it. visiting the" 1000 Isle Parish." Another ma.de very real the story of Chriat-Into-All-Natlona on Fourth "The Duff" and her famous eaptain, Avenue, New York James Wilson. By WILLIAM E. LEIDT, The meeting not only afforded a Assistant Educatil)nal Seeretaxy, Departdelightful opportunity for closer fellowship among the women ilf'the vari- ment of Missions ous churches in a devotional program of real spiritual values, but attrac- Fourth Avenue, New York, is the tively furnished a great dealef vale center of the silk trade of the coun- try. 'J:'he pedestrian passes shop after A MISSIONA!l.Y EXHIBIT ~'OR NEW YORK PEDESTRIANS Antong the constant .streamo'f Fourth Avenue pedestrians there are many who stop to look at the windows which are different "from all the other'S. Frequently observers become sufficiently interested to go -inside in search ot turther information.

uable and inspiring missionary shop displaying lustrous silks of information. many hues and exceeding beauty. Yet, hardly a passer-by stops to study 1 "The House of the Lord's Prayer," by or even admire the beauties of the Amos R. Wells. Price, 400. Published by silk loom. At the corner of Twenty- Westminster Press. second Street the procession of silks is broken, and before this window, 2 "Two Masters." a pageant published by whether it is seven o'clock in the Board of Foreign MI…1005 ()f Presbyterian morning or in the evening there is Church, 156 Fifth Ave., N. Y. C. Price. 10c. always some one loitering, peering in- tently through the pane. After the a "Sailing on Famous Mjssionary Ships," pub· passer-by has examined the exhibit, Usbed by Literature Headquarters, Women's he frequently glances up at the win- Missionary Society of the United Lutheran dow itself and there across the top Church in America. 723 Muhlenberg Building, he reads: Philadelphia. Pa. Price. 5c. ~RE NATIONAL COUNCIL MISSIONARY READINGS FOR OFTRE RUNNERS PROTESTANT EPISCOPAL CHUROH We quote frequently "he who runs In the three windows-two facing may read," but we are not as alert Fourth Avenue and one, Twentyas we might be in the preparation of second Street-of the Church Mismissionary reading lessons for runners. The Protestant Episcopal Church is using an opportunity in_a way that should be very suggestive to others. Not all of us have plate glass windows of Fourth Avenue stores at 4

sions House, the headquarters of the One exhibit was of our work among Episcopal Church, are maintained the Southern Highlanders-pictures exhibits of the Church's Mission, both and handwork showing the life in the at home and abroad. Here for him, Southern Mountains and something who reads and runs, are displayed of the cottage industries, leaflets depictures, books, charts, objects, curi- scribing the Church's work there, ous and interesting, and maps of the with an illustrated chart listing the places where the Church is at work newest and best books on the High- -China, Japan, Latin-America, Li- landers. beria, Alaska, the Philippine Islands, A teacher in a near-by school saw Hawaii, the Mountains of the South, this exhibit and sent all her pupils IDI~ide the large win- dows of the Church Mis- sions House on Fourtb Avenue, New York. Is a striking and interesting missionary exhibit. Mis- sions in Alaska, the Philippines. Haw a I I • China, Japan, Latin Amer1ca, Liberia are visual1zooby pictures, maps, books, charts and objects illustrative or customs and religions.

The exhibit· is changed before the interest lags nnd missionary pictures and plans make a pleas- ing variation among window after window along Fourth Avenue, displaying only silks. There is also an attrac – toacope which throws on a screen colored slides of the work of the church.

and among the Indians, the Negroes, to study it and to obtain and read a the Foreign-Born, and others. copy of the leaflet displayed, as a part of their work in geography and These exhibits attract more than history: A bookseller saw it and passing notice. When a new display noticed that a book which he had on is put in the window from five to the Southern Mountains was not fifteen persons a day come into the listed. He immediately wrote to the Educational Division of the Depart- Educational Division about the omisment of Missions to ask questions. sion. Business people are constantly After the exhibit has been displayed watching the windows for opportunia few weeks the number decreases to ties to aavance their own interests. about fifteen a week and when at the end of a month a new exhibit replaces Another time the exhibit was of the old, the flood of inquiries begins China. This attracted the attention anew. The inquiries are of a varied, of a woman who had just issued a and sometimes amusing, nature. large and expensive work on Chinese

RES'r ME',l'RODS

Art. She wanted it displayed along A RADIO MEETING with our ChineSe exhibit. Reported by SISTER GFJ)B.GIA BUSHMAN At the time or the Japanese earth- A proper setting for this meeting quake we displayed such pictures and is a room deco.rated with flags of all objects of interest as we were able to nations. If a platform is part of the get from the stricken area: . Among room equipment, a curtain should be these was a series of very vIV1dly col- hung, back of which the announcer ored prints issued in Japan to depict of the program and the announcers the horrors of the disaster. These, from other transmitting stations may particularly drew wide attention and be concealed. In front of the curtain many were the requests ror duplicll;te should be placed on a small stand, a copies. But they could not be satls· loud-speaker horn. This horn has fied as the set exhibited was, at that nothing to do with the speakin~, but time, the only one received in New aids the imagination. For pOlllte~s York, if not in the whole country. in announcing, listen over the radIO some evening. If a curtain is not The south window is devoted en· available screens may be used. tirely to a display of .the work. o~ .the Foreign-Born AmerIcans DIVISIOn.

The exhibit is changed frequently ANNOUNCER: (Behitnd Curtain) and stimulates considerable interest in the work among our foreign-born This is station Y. P. M. S. of the neighbors if' one can judge by the numbers of people who seek out United Lutheran Church, transmitthe offices of the Foreign-Born on the fourth floor of the Church Missions ting from the League Rooms of St. House and who go away with their questions answered and in their Stephen Lutheran Church, Pittshands a little leaflet such as "Neighbors in New York," "Americans burgh, Pa.

All, " " Friendliness, " and " Ice The first number on our program Cakes. " this evening will be a hymn in which The windows attract even wider notice. The Nation, The Lite.rary you are all requested to join. Let us Digest and others have commented upon the window exhibits of the sing: "All Hail the Power of Jesus· Church Missions House. Name." Supplementing the window exhibits is the attractoscope. Here some Our thoughts will be directed in fifty colored slides on the work of the Church are thrown on the screen. prayer by Miss Leona Thompson. . The attractoscope pictures of which there are sixty difl'erent sets are very This is station Y. P. M. S. transmItpopular; during the hours when they are running quite a crowd gathers. ting from the League Rooms of. St. From. watching these pictures, they drift to the window exhibits and so Stephen Lutheran Church, PIttsmany who might otherwise pass by, loiter to learn more about what the burgh, Pa. Weare very pleased Church is doing. to announce at this time, a vocal solo And so the Church from its Fourth Avenue windows by picture, map, by Mr. Chesley L. Otto, entitled, "Be Thou With Me."

This is station Y. P. M. S., Pitts- wbuilrlghb~ Pa. Our fourth number a hymn in which you are all requested to join. This number will be "0 Zion Haste."

This is station Y. P. M. S., Pitts- burgh, Pa. In order that we may provide OUr listeners ~ith a~ ~ttrac­ tive program on thIS MlsslOnary Night we will transmit messages from 'the following Missionary Sta· tions of the United Lutheran Church: chart and curio tells the story of how Station W. A. F.-Africa.

bi~t lciaevrreieist Christ into all nations. We Station W. I. S.-West In'lies.. to be effective publicity, if Station W. I. A.-Guntur, Indla. Station S. A. A.-South America.

not education. Station W. F. I.-Philadelphia, Pa.

Stand by for one moment, please. count which will appear later. I have the dearest Kindergarten sehool 'which opened (Short pause as if connecting other August 11th with forty·eight pupils. This stations.) is station W. I. S., West Indies, Sister This is station Y. P. M. S., of St. Clara Smyre, Missionary, signing off.

Stephen Lutheran Church, Pitts- You have been listening to one of burgh, transmitting from station our Home Mission Fields – Station W. A. F., Africa. W. 1. S., West Indies. Sister Clara, (To be read behind curtain by an- we hope you are listening in at this other announcer.) time, and that you will have enough This is station W. A. F., Africa- loyal people who will provide funds The general progress of the ·work in our for your needed piano. This is sta- Muhlenberg Mission is a cause for much tion Y. P. M. S., Pittsburgh, Pa. This thanksgiving, but we would mention as rea· station is in receipt at this time of a sons for greatest thankfulness: telegram from Hickory, N. C., re- 1. The inereasing number of qualified missionaries now entering .upon the work on . questing that the Young People's the field. 2. The new station begun near the French Missionary Society of all the Luth- eran Churches in America do everyboundary, far in the interior of Liberia, where the work promises to be more nearly thing possible to reopen the doors of self-supporting than at any other point in the whole of Liberia. Here at Zozo the the Girls' Rescue Home, Kumamoto, Japan, closed for lack of a worker. native people are putting up all mission Signed, Maude O. Pewlas. buildings and keeping them in repair, and furnishing five workmen each week to do This is station Y. P. M. S., of Pittsnecessary work about the premises. As soon as necessary buildings are completed they burgh, Pa. We will next transmit promise fifty girls and ODe hundred boys from station W. 1. A., Guntur, India.

for the mission school. These pupils will (To be read behind the curtain by be fed and clothed by their own people. You will note that this is a very propitious another announcer.) .

beginning of the work. This is our most This is station W. 1. A., transmitting hopeful station. We beseech your prayers from A. E. L. M. Hospital, PhYSicians in for more, many more, well qualified workers that this most needy :field may be oocupied. charge, Dr. Anna S. Kugler, and Dr. Mary This is station W. A. F., Africa, signing off. R. Fleming.

Dear Friends in Ameriea:-It was lny ANNOUNCER: plan to leave here in February for a period of furlough in Ameriea. Were I to come, You have just h ear d station there would not be any doctors here to take my place during my absence. ] do not have W. A. F., Liberia, Africa. We surely the heart to leave our people of India with- hope that many more qualifted work- out a physician and have thus decided to ers will offer themselves for our Afri- remain on the :field. When we are away we can field. This is station Y. P. M. S., like to think of the work going on, so that of St. Stephen Lutheran Church, the womanhood of India may develop. We must train the natives so that they can Pittsburgh, Pa., transmitting from carry on the work in the future. We need the support of the gifts and prayers of station W. 1. S., West Indies. the women of the Churches of Ameriea. We (To be read behind curlain by an.- send loving greetings from our hospital here to all our Christian friends of America, other announcer.) 'l1his is station W. 1. A., Dr. Kugler speak- This is station W. 1. S., West Indies Mis- ing-signing off.

sion. We need different kinds of kinder· This is station Y. P. M. S., of Pittsgarten material, from a lot of needles and scissors up to a piano, more than anything burgh. Weare indeed sorry that Dr.

else just now. We ean always use material Kugler will not be coming to America and an assortment of sewing for those who sew in the Light Brigade and Young Worn· and it will be a great disappointment en's Missionary Society. I am so glad to her friends here in America. But that some of our young women attend the let us as young people of the Mission- Dorcas Society and help to make quilts, and ary Societies of the U. L. C. join in I divide every scrap of cloth that I have earnest, daily prayers, that qualifted to spare. All kinds and sizes of pieces and remnants are very much wel<mmed by all of men and women of our churches will us. Watch the magazine for a fuller a.e- respond to the great call from the

BEST MErI'HODS

Master for workers, doctors and (Another announcer behind curnurses in this great field of India. tain.) This is station Y. P. M. 8., Pittsburgh, Pa. Weare in receipt of a This is station W. F. 1., Philadelphia. If letter from Miss Miller, of Kodai Kanal, India, telling us that the peo- you were to come down to our mission here ple of India are hungering for a knowledge of GOO. They will listen on North Fourth Street, I believe you would as long as you talk to them, but there are so few helpers. Miss Miller see why this is a .ablil]t" of foreign mission pleads that more of the young people work at home. neighborhood has may consider the great need of India 'ind respond to its call. changed so much recently that there is This is station Y. P. M. S. transmit- hardly any section in the city where the ting from St. Stephen Lutheran Church, Pittsburgh, Pa. At this time population is so mixed. We know that there we will be favored with a duet and is only one message that all children need, chorus-" God's Way Is the Best Way," by Leech. Misses Florence the story of the loving Christ Who loves Hunker and Bertha Westphal will sing the verses, with the entire audi- little children of every race and nationality. ence singing the chorus-Number 174 in hymn book. That note we are tJ"Ying to sound clear and sweet to every child every day. Our kinder- Station Y. P. M. S., Pittsburgh, garten is in session from 9: 30 to 12: 00 will continue its program by transmitting from station S. A. A., South every morning in the week except Satur- America, Argentine Mission, Rev. Ralph White, Missionary. day. Beside our regular SUllday·school ses· (To be read behind curtain by an- sion, we have two classes each week for boys other announcer.) and two classes for girls after school hours. This is station S. A. A., South America, Argentine Mission. Our greatest cause for These are happy times for the children. The thankfulness in the Argentine Mission field is the new equipment with which we have girls sew, crochet, and knit, while the boys been able to work this year and the new do wood-cutting, paint and draw. Then fol· elementary school building that is now un· der coustrnction. When recently, upon the low Bible stories, singing and games, and order of the Sehool Inspector, we wel"e obliged to take sixteen children out of two time that would bave been spent on streets of our classrooms because of crowded con· ditions, we found.· our ouly comfort in the with danger to body and soul goes all too fact that in the coming year we would have rapidly. The women who support me a building large enough for many more children, giving promise of doing great through the Missionary Society can help me things in His Name. And yet we must add that all these new buildings mean simply most of all by your prayers. We cordially the beginning of things here. We have no building for our National College. Our reo invite you to stop off with us wben passing ligious and educational work still must be through Philadelphia. This is station W. content with rented houses. Our causes for thankfulness are many indeed, yet our needs F. I. signing off. fpr the future are great. Cordial greetings to all of you. Ralph J. White, MiSsionary, This is station Y. P. M. S., Pitts- Station S. A. A., South America., signing off. burgh. A telegram from the South- Journeying a little nearer home, ern Mountains tells us of the splendid station Y. P. M. S., Pittsburgh, will work being carried on in this new transmit from station W. F. I., Phila- field by Miss Jeffcoat and Miss Smith. delphia. They request the listeners to come down to the mountains some time and see the great possibilities of teaching and carrying the Gospel there, then to stay and help in this great work. Stand by one moment please for an- nouncement.

This is station Y. P. M. S., Pitts- burgh. I am requested to announce that on next Sunday, at 6: 45 P. M., the Rev. Mr. Woods, of the Lutheran Church of the Redeemer, Pittsburgh, will speak to the young people of the Luther League of St. Stephen Luth- eran Church, Pittsburgh, telling of his recent trip to Scotland and his attendance at the World Sunday'

School Convention. Advertise this among your friends and give him a large audience – 6 : 45 next Sunday evening. Also, there will be a Luther League dinner to be held at the Wm. Penn Hotel on January 31st. A splendid speaker has been secured

and a great time is in store for those which do not have frequent opporwho attend. tunities for association.

The concluding number of the pro- At eight o'clock all sections met in gram being broadcasted by station a general session, when a brief dra- Y. P. M. S., of the St. Stephen Luth- matic sketch appropriate to the theme eran Church, Pittsburgh, will be a of discussion was presented and a chorus-" Saviour Again To Thy short address was delivered by some- Dear Name," by Ellerton. Number one who had first-hand knowledge of 2;13 in hymn book. We request that Japan and the missionary interests everyone join in the first and second of that land. verses. After the singing of this chorus, it is the request of this The dramatic sketches, with one exstation, Y. P. M. S., that you stand ception, were chosen from" Dramatic for a moment of silent prayer, after Missionary Sketches on Japan," by which we will request a closing an- Daisy Earle Fish and Eva Maude nouncement. Earle,' the final pageant being that of "The Wav.'" This is station Y. P. M. S., of the United Lutheran Church, transmit- The attendance was gratifyingting from the League Rooms of St. never less than 140-and the interest Stephen Lutheran Church, Pitts- on the part of all the groups seemed burgh, Pa., signing off. Good night. to be very deep throughout. One of the best features of the plan was the AN A VENUE OF MISSION STUDY large number of men in the church who led the sectional conferences, and APPROACH many of the women expressed their unusual pleasure in being instructed The Baptist Church of the Re- by men on the subject of missions, deemer, in Yonkers, carried on a very which has so often been regarded as interesting and successful experiment a specialty of the women.-RoBERT in mission study for a period of six A. ASHWORTH in Missions. weeks. In order to make a new avenue of approach, the studies were """ called " Conferences 0 n Japan. " They' were held on Sunday evening The men's class of the Central from 7: 00 to 8: 45 and were divided Presbyterian Church, Denver, Colo., into four sectional conferences: for has secured permission from the men, for women,. for a group of the Board of Education to place upon the older young people and for the wall of every schoolroom in the city a Young People's Society. In the three large copy of the Ten Commandments. older groups, Dr. Galen Fisher's This will cost about $5,000. book, "Creative Forces in Japan," was used, and for the Young People's .. '* .. Society, Dr. Axling's "Japan on the Upward Trail." The three older Ten ice cream sociables, three groups were led in their discussion spelling contests, two quilting bees, by a different leader each evening and one husking bee, were the price chosen, with one exception, from paid by a country church for the inwithin the constituency of the church. stallation of an electric light plant. The Young People's Society was con- The Northwestern Christian Advocate ducted very largely by the young suggests that they next try ten prayer folks themselves under a single meetings, three weeks of personal callleader. ings, two meetings in the "upper room" Hnd Ii season of downright con- At 7: 45 all the groups met for a secration in order that they may social period of 15 minutes, when secu.re the Light. of the World. light refreshments were served. This was a very important and agreeable l·rDramatic Missionary Sketches on Japan," feature of the plan, as it brought to- Price 25c. Baptist Board, 276 Fifth Ave.. New gether many elements in the church York City.

2 liThe Way." Price 15c. Literature Head- quarters, 723 Muhlenberg Bulldlng, Philadel- phia, Pa.

Woman's Home and Foreign

COUNCIL OF VOMEN FOR HOME MISSIONS AND FEDERATION OFWOM,N 's BOARDS OF FOREIGN MISSIONS Poat l'hoto Service RECIDPTION AT THE WHITE HOUSE CONFERENCE ON THE CAUSE AND deeply their responsibility III this CURl: OF WAR realm of war and peace.

Washington,D. C., January 18-24, They believe it is time for their or- 1925 ganizations to unite in taking steps to study the causes and cures of war. Called by Aims of the C01~ference. American Association of University WOmen. The conference aims to give an un- Council of Women for Home Missions. biased presentatiori of accurate data which will insure more effective pro- Federation of Woman's Boards "f Foreign grams of work. It also hopes to find common points of interest which may Missions 0·£ North America. . ;:eJ:ve as a basis for a more concerted effort on the part of the participating General Federation of Women's Clubs. organizations.

National Board of the Young Women's Christian Associations.

National Council of Jewish Women.

National League of Women Voters.

National Voman's Christian T,emperance Union.

National Women's Trade Union League.

The Call ·Method of the Conference.

Reasons for Calling the Conference. Thirty experts and specialists will The futility of war as a means of address the conference on subjec.ts resettling difficulties between nations lating to the causes of war and probecomes increasingly apparent as sci- posed cures. Addresses will befolence is demonstrll,ting the danger of lowed by open forums for adequate destroyj"ng our civilization by the discussion of the subject matter precharactei' of modern .warfare. sented.

The· women's organizations of this Two committees will endeavor to country which have been working, bring before the conference a program through their respective programs, of work based on the findings of the for an ordered human society, feel discussion sessions. One committee 311

will prepare a plan of united action, Therefore, the committee urges the which if it is accepted by the confer- component members in this Confer- ence, will go to the participating or- ence- ganizations as the recommendation of the conference. I. To undertake unprejudiced and continuous study of the psychological, Findings political, economic and social causes of war, and CAUSES OF WAR II. To stimulate in every practical 'l'he following report 'W(1$ unanimous- manner the development of scientific ly adopted by the Conference: research in this field in oUl.: higher institutions of learning, and the popu- We, the Committee on Findings on lar teaching as to the causes of war the Causes of War beg leave to bring based upon ascertained facts. in the following report: Among the Causes of War as devel- The committee has based this report oped by the speakers are: npon the Causes of War as developed by the different speakers at this Con- I. Psychological: ference and as brought out in discus- sion from the floor. This report makes 1. Fear: G. Feeling (}f national inse· no pretense of being an exhaustive or scientific study of the question, but is curity; h. Fear of invasion; c. an attempt t@ present such facts as are at its command, Up to the pres- }"l1lJ" of loss of property; d. cnt time in history the causes listed have been at least the basis of dissen- Fear of change. .; sions and have led to war, and unless controlled or removed may again lead 2. Suspicion; 3. Greed; 4. ·Lust of to war. power; 5. Hate; 6. Revenge; For the sake of clarity and facility in presenting these causes for further 7. Jealousy; 8. Envy. study, a simple classification has been attempted. Since many of the speak- II. Economic: . ers disagreed as to which are primary and which contributory causes of war, 1. Aggressive Imperialism; a. Terri· and even differed as to what the causes torial; h. E,conomic. are, this classification cannot express the unanimous judgment of the speak- 2. Economic rivalries for: a. Mar· ers or of the Conference. Some of the kets; u. Energy resour!les; c. causes cannot be classified under one Essential raw materials. head alone, but overlap and appear in more than one group. 3. Government protection of private interests abroad withcmt refer· It is evident that many elements of ence to the general welfare. our social and economic life tend to cause war at various junctures and in 4. Disregard of the rights of back· varying proportions and to keep alive ward peoples. our belief in the necessity of war. 5. Population pressure: a.. Inequali. It is apparent, however, that we tiea of access to resources; h. lack not so much the desire to efface Customs barriers; c. Migration war as the scientific knowledge of barriel"B. causes of war. This knowledge is necessary to develop acceptable and ade- 6. Profits in war. quate methods for adjusting the recurring disputes between nations HI. Political: now continued rather than settled by war. 1. Principle of balance of power; 2. Secret treaties; 3. Unjust trea· ties; 4. Vi(}lation of treaties; 5. Disregard of rights of minori· ties; 6. Organizatic}D of the state for war; 7. Ineffective or ob· structive political machinery.

IV. Social and contributory: 1. Exa,ggerated nationalism; 2. C(}m' petitive armaments; 3. Religious and racial antagonisms; 4. Gen· eral apathy, indifference aud ig· norance; 5. War psychology created through various agencies, e. g., a. The press; h. Motion pictures; c. Text·books; d. Home infiuences; 6. Social inequalities; 7. Social sanctiol'ls of war; S. Lack of spiritual ideals.

MRs E. H. SILVER.THORN, Chairman.

1925J WOMAN'S HOME AND FOREIGN BULLETINS

CURES OF WAR foster international understanding and peace. The following report was unanimous- ly adopted by the Conference: 5. Multiplying of such arbitration treaties as contribute to international conciliation, Preamble and the revision of such existing treaties as violate the principles of international The aspiration of the people of our justice. country to serve mankind functions through many channels – political, 6. The initiation of or sharing by the economic, social and educational. United States of America in movements looking toward reduction of armaments, Nevertheless, the basis of peace is while, during the period in which we are an intellectual and spiritual problem. moving toward legal and friendly methods The Conference on the Cause and of settling international difficulties, the Cure of War calls upon the people of Conference believes that we should main· the United States to unite to break tain defense agencies, though avoiding any down national and racial prejudices policy of competitive armaments. and fears, and to build up a spirit of friendship and trust among the peo- 7. The Conference rooognizes the immense ples of the world. service rentlered by the League of Nations to the ideals that, are dom:ina:ftt in the We find that the cure of war re- United States of America. It is the only quires a permanent international or- functioning world organization providing ganization as its instrument. for the realization of those ideals. The Conference, therefore, believes that, whether While realizing that the final cure our Government enters the League or not, it of' war lies with the spiritual healing should, as far as possible, en1lfrge our reof the nations, the Conference also sponsibilities in League plans and cooperate recognizes the necessity for ameliorat- with its activities. Inasmuch as the Protoing agencies and activities of immedi- col of Geneva is the most advanced proposal ate service. ever made for the outlawry of war, the Con- ference believes that the United States Political Forces I'!hould hold itself ready to take sympa- thetic and cooperative action in the further- All causes of war are feeders of the ance of the success of the Protocol.

sense' of national insecurity. The Economic Forces Conference, therefore, finds that it Since the struggles of nations to favors'the following political meas- control natural resources, raw ma- terials, routes of commerce and trade ures which, it believes, tend toward are among the causes of war, economic that international security which we security for all nations must be the seek: principle upon which the remedies for 1. Work for the outlawry of war, with the economic causes of war must be based. The Conference believes that the understanding that this involves two this can be attained only through in- definite steps: ternational cooperation to the follow- (a) The enactment through an adequate ing ends: agency of an international law declaring (1) Access to natural resources which furnish the necessities of human life, the that war is a crime in which an aggressor raw materials of industry and the employ· ment of peoples. nation should be dealt with as a criminal. (2) Development of channels of distribu- (b) The use of international machinery tion and the agencies of communication be- tween nations. through which sueh a law can become opera- (3) Establishment of a. eommercial code tive among all nations. This involves and between nations, which shall define unfair competition and taboo the exploitation of actually 'compels permanent world organiza- weaker peoples for the aggrandizement of the stronger. Only sueh development is tion, which shall be continnonsly operative_ legitimate as is fair to the interests of both sides. 2. United States of. America adherence to (4) Establishment of an industrial code the Permanent Court of International Jus- between nations designed to: tice. (a) Set up minimum standards for conditions of employment, 3. Progressive codification of internation. (b) Prevent the exploitation of the al "law for the guidance of such a c()urt ac- labor of children, and cording to modern. standards of interna,- tionai "ethics and with reference to modern world conditions.' .

4. The restoration in the Department of State of the United States of America 0:1' the. office of Under Secretary of State for Peace, whose special function should be to

(c) Remove industrial injustices be~ power to develop and increase under- tween competing nations. standing between the members of dif- fering national, racial and religious As the means of accomplishing such groups. Such groups as the foreign international cooperation, we urge students in colleges and universities, as well as the foreign-born in our own A. International Conferences on country, should be the especial conworld resources, the distribution of cern of active workers for internationmaterials, and the establishment of al good will. Thc first object of such commercial and industrial codes; and public agencies as the press and mo- tion pictures should be the intelligent B. The utilization of existing interpretation of racial, national and agencies for international cooperation religious groups, both within commuin the economic field, especially the llities and in international affairs. Economic Section of the League of Nations and the International Labor Ways of E d1tca~tian organization. 1. Every child should be equipped Social and Educational Forces to perform his part in a social struc- ture which has a world basis. The If we are to have a world in which home, thc library, the school and the war between na.tions will be outlawed, church should be effective means to we must have a program of education, this end. With this as the first aim adapted to new ways of life in inter- of the education of children, a special national relations. care must be taken in the teaching of such subjects as history, geography Even after practical measures are and language to secure in these subagreed upon for organizing the life of jects such textbooks as are interpretthe world, this machinery will break ers of the life of the world as a whole. down unless men and women are trained to meet changing circum- 2. Communities and organizations stances with poise of spirit and abil- should set up programs of adult eduity to act intelligently. cation which should be based upon ac- curate facts about world situations To this end the Conference on the and lead to adequate education for Canse and ~Cure of War helieves that political citizenship in world affairs. we must (1) create certain attitudes of mind, (2) develop intelligent un- LOCAL AND INDIVIDUAL RESPONSIBILIderstanding between racial and national groups, and (3) discover ways l'IES of education by which individuals can be trained to take an effective part in Each of the nine organizations rethe new world. sponsible for calling this Conference will naturally develop through its own Attit1tdes of Mind Needed Today constituency a program based upon the reports of the Conference. A. Recognition of the possibility of organizing the world life on the Each organization will choose such basis of cooperative relations. elements of the program as can best be furthered by its own machinery in B. A scientific attitude toward the relation to its other obligations. study of such possible causes of war, as overpopulation, inequalities of ac- However, individual members of cess to essential raw materials, etc. the Conference have so appreciated thc gravity of the subjects presented C. I<'earless acceptance of change and the necessity for some construcin the life of the world if that change tive continuous effort toward peace by is directed toward the welfare of the (:ommunities and local groups as a whole world. basis for necessary governmental ac- tion, that they will welcome practical Under'standing and Fellowship suggestions for immediate action.

If we are to have a unified world life, it is essential that individuals and organizations do all in their

WOMAN'S HOME AND FOREIGN BULLETINS

This brings the program down to each ganizations and individuals which of us as citizens and individuals. have for their interest the promotion of international cooperation. The 1. Public Opinion. functions of such councils could be: Official action for peace must neces- (1) The maintenance of a speaksarily be government action, but such ers' bureau. action should be based on an informed, intelligent public opinion. (2) The dissemination of informa- Such an opinion it should be the duty tion on national and international of those who have met in this Con- questions. ference to stimulate and strengthen when they return to their own com- (3) Regular meetings for the dismunities. The Conference feels that cussion of international relations and it is most important that all consider- practical measures for their improveation of questions of international mrmt, preferably to be discussed by understanding and relationship experts, and with the idea of confershould reflect the same atmosphere of ences planned on similar lines to this political non-partisanship as has been one. so clearly shown in this Conference. (4) Examination of textbooks in NATIONAL Por,ICIES WHICH REQUIRE local schools, especially those dealing with history, geography, and related SUPPORT BY PUBLIC OPINION; subjects.

In accord with the subjects which (5) Contact with local foreign are suggested in the report of the groups for the upbuilding of better cures of war, it may be recommended international understanding. that certain projects should be pushed immediately or during the coming Any personal and community failyear. The subjects for immediate ac- ure in living up to American ideals of tion are: honor, justice and democracy reflect into other countries and impair reali- 1. Entrance of the United States zation of our international ideals. into the World Court. (6) Community observance of In- 2. Participation by the United ternational Peace Days, in which States of America in further Disarm- school children and foreign-born resiament Conferences, and, in particular, dellts could join with the other elethat provided for by the Protocol of ments of the community. Geneva. MRS. JOHN FERGUSON, Chairman. 3. Work for the appointment of an Under Secretary for Peace in the De- BROTHERHOOD partment of State. The crest and crowning of all good, life's 2. The Hmne. final star is brotherhood; The first work must begin in homes For it will bring again to Earth her long· and with very young children. Every lost Poesy and Mirth; child can learn the lesson of international understanding through stories Will send new light on every face, a Kingly of the life, thp heroism, the achieve- Power U pOD the race. ments, and the contributions of all races to the total civilization of the And til! it come, we men are slaves, and world. travel downward to dust of graves.

3. Local Comrn1!nity Councils on In- Come, dear the way. then, clear the way; ternational Belations. blind creeds and kings have had their Local councils could be formed made up of men's and women's or- day.

Break the dead branches from the path; our hope is in the aftermath.

Ollr hope is in beroic "men, star-led to build the world again. .

To this event the ages Tan; make way for Broth€l·hood–make way for man.

-Edwm Markham.

WOMAN'S FOREIGN MISSION BULLETIN EDITED BY ELLA D. MA(1IJAURTN, 25 MADISON AVENUE, NEW YORK AUTHORS' DINNER, TWENTY-FIFTH ANNIV~JRSARY OF CENTRAL COMMITTEE NOTABLE OCCASIONS IN WASH. of Mrs. Henry W. Peabody of Boston, Chairm.an of the Committee since INGTON, D. C. 1902. The guests at the dinner in the Rose Room of the Hotel Washing- January 27 and 30, 1925 ton were welcomed by Mrs. WaUaee Radcliffe of Washington, in an ad- By ALICE M. KYLE. dress which scintillated with telling personal allusions. The twentieth Interdenominational Conference of Woman's Foreign Mis- The guests included authors of the sion Boards of North America was textbooks published by the Commitmarked by unusual and very inter- tee, representatives of outstanding esting features. enterprises which are in a sense the outgrowth of the work of the Com- Following a joint luncheon with mittee, such as Summer Schools of the Council of Women for Home Mis- Missions, Christian Literature and sions on January 27th, came the An- Everylund, officers of a score or nual meeting of the Federation. The more of Woman's Boards affiliated president, Mrs. E. H. Silverthorn, with the Federation, and distingave a most interesting resume of the guished delegates from overseas to the year's work with its ten departments Foreign Missions Convention. The of activity. The plans, policies, and latter included the Right Reverend programs for the new year were then Michael B. Furse, Bishop of St. Alpresented and were of unusual signifi- bans, Kenneth MacLennan, Secretary cance and replete with the most help- of the United Council for Missionary ful suggestions. The attendance was Education in Great Britain and the largest and most representative in Baron von Boetzalaer von Dubbeldam the history of the Federation. of Holland.

The evening session was devoted to Mrs. Peabody who presided, in prethe celebration of the twenty-fifth senting the authors remarked that anniversary of the Central Committee on the United Study of Foreign Missions. The program was in the hands

1925J WOMAN'S HOME AND FOREIGN BULLETINS

"writing a textbook for the Central decorations, the delightful music and Committee seemed to serve as a life above all the gracious company of insurance, since no author had died Vashington women who served as in the twenty-five years." During hostesses gave the occasion an atmo- this period 3,500,000 copies of the sphere of fellowship and friendliness various books have been issued-a not to be forgotten.

million more than the volumes con- The Federation was both honored tained in the Congressional Library. and delighted by the gracious pres- The latest, so fresh from the press ence of Mrs. Calvin Ooolidge, loved that the printer came from Vermont and honored for her intense interest to bring copies for the guests, is in world missions. At sixteen of the "Prayer and Missions" by Helen tables sat women from the high offi- Barrett Montgomery. cial circles of the Capitol.

The authors present were: Anna It was obviously impossible to hear Robertson Brown Lindsay, Arthur from all the Woman's Boards pres- Judson Brown, Robert E. Speer, Mary ent. Eight of the presidents repre- Schautller Platt, Jean Kenyon Mac- senting great communions of the kenzie, Margaret E. Burton, Daniel United States and Canada, brought Johnson Fleming, Galen Fisher, Dr, greetings. and Mrs. Samuel Zwemer and Mary Ninde Gamewell. Mrs. E. C. CrOlik, As is always true in missionary author of "Brave Adventurers," the gatherings, the vital interes~ c.enter.ed junior textbook for next year, spoke in seeing and hearing the mISSIOnarIes for the authors of the books for boys and the guests from mission fields. and girls. Mrs. Donald MacGillivray These each brought in two minutes of Shanghai, China, brought greetings the greetings from her associates on from Happy Childhood, a magazine the field and her beloved people. Here for Ohinese children. again the impossible was attempted and accomplished and twenty-five of The Federation Luncheon our "Foreign Ambassadors" repre- sentinO' twenty-five countries unrolled Friday noon, January 30th, 970 before'" the eager audience swiftly women representing Woman's Boards moving features of their work. from the Atlantic to the Pacific, of the United States and Canada, gath- h aLd aas ts hoafr ea lil~ with a thrill of having ered in the beautiful Hall of Nations the achievement of this of the Hotel Washington. Mrs. E. H. Silverthorn, President, was in the crowning part of the foreign mission chair, while Mrs. William F. McDowell and Mrs. Harvey Irwin, Vice- enterprise, the company listened .to President and President of the Federation of Church Societies of Wash- Miss Mitsu Motoda of Japan and MISS ington' brought cordial words of Shu Chung Ting, a graduate of Union College and now National Sec- retary for China of' the Young Wom- en's Christian Association.

welcome. THE GOSPEL ACCORDING TO YOU The Washington Committee of Ar- You are writing a Gospel, rangements for all the functions un- A: chapter each day, dertaken by the women in connection with the Foreign Missions Convention By deeds that you do, By words that you say.

was under the gallant leadership of Men read what you write, Mrs. William L. Darby. She and her Whether faithless or true. indefatigable corps of aides, had done the impossible in providing seats for Say I what is the Gospel According to you'

so great a company. The beautiful -Selected.

AND SIAM with Hindu thought, not expressed

More Church Union in India the crude idolatry of Kalighat mere- UNION of Presbyterian, Congrega- ly, but more particularly through the tional and Calvinistic Methodist more enlightened Hindus and the Churches throughout India has been Brahmos who are really and truly decompleted, a,ccording to a cablegram siring something better within Hinrecently received. Several years ago duism. This is a challenge, and helps the United Church of South India greatly towards intellectual honesty, was formed bv a, union of Reformed and towards the expression of their and Presbyter'ian Churches, the Con- Christian faith in word and life.- gl'eg'ationalists joining later. The oc- L. M. S. Chro·nicle.

ca,sion for the ca,blegram' was the organization of the United Church of A College for South India North India: All Presbyterian bodies OF the 22,000,000 Telugu-speaking are included except the American people of South India, over 60'0,- United Presbyterians. Membership of 000 are Protestant Christians. Recogthis new United Church of North nizing the great importance of having India will include a Christian com- one well-equipped and thoroughly munity of about a quarter of a mil- first-rate Christian college for this lion persons. The Indian Witness area, and realizing that, owing to the sa,ys tha,t the Presbyterian General financial difficulties of most of the Assembly, meeting at Bombay in De- missions working in the area, a scheme cember, voted in favor of accepting depending upon equal contributions the position of the Congregationalists from a number of missions is not as the basis for union of the two feasible, the Andhra Christian counchurches. cil, one of the provincial councils affiliated with the National Christian A Union School for Girls Council of India, at its last meeting A HIGH school for girls in Cal- passed a resolution urging the United cutta, maintained jointly by three Lutheran Church in America to es- English missionary societies, the Lon- tablish the college and to propose a don, the Baptist, and the Wesleyan plan of cooperation by which other Methodist, is securing some interest- missions and churches may have a ing results. Miss Eleanor A. Rivett share in its administration and main- writes: "Hindu parents testify that tenance. '1'he recent convention of the it is a gain for their daughters to be United Lutheran Church resolved to at school ,vith Christians, to be taught accept the invitation and authorized Christian ideals of conduct. It is no its Board of Foreign Missions to pro- negligible factor in the Hindu girl's ceed with the raising of funds. Both schooldays tbat her teachers are the Anglican Church Missionary 80- Christian, and in the higher classes ciety and the Vv-esleyan Missionary the majority of her elass friends are Society of England have voted to co- Christian, and the standards of the operate in the new college. It'is hoped class-room and playground are Chris- that several American and Canadian tian.'· Miss .Rivett believes that it is societies will also decide to take a an advantage for Christian girls to part in the enterprise.-The Chris- come into contact while still at school tian Centl~ry.

318

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

More "Holy Men" than Chri.tians telephone service, and the members longest in service have just comple1;ed I T is a striking way of describing their twentieth year, but along WIth religious conditions in India to these advantages of Western civiliza- point out, as has recently been done tion have come its evils, and we must that while only 4,754,000 of the 318,- record that the people embrace these 000 000 inhabitants are reported as more readily than they do Christian- Ch;istians, there are 5,000,000 Hindu ity. " . ,. holy men." These men wander from temple to temple begging their Heart-Hungry Crowd. food, living off the people, many of them grossly immoral and a degrad- THE Allahabad Magh Mela at ing influence. Of course thi~ ~s not Cawnpore, North India, was .true of aU; some sincere, rehgiOusly marked by great crowds coming to minded and devoted men are among the River Ganges to wash and thus them; but taken as a whole these ho~y obtain forgiveness of their sins, ac- men are a physical and moral dram cording to their belief. Rev. Charles on the life of India and they number H. Dyke, stationed at Cawnpore, says more today than all the Christians in that he never saw so many human the land. Poverty and illiteracy are beings in all his life gathered together twin burdens that hold down the in one place. It is depressing and great masses of India and ma.ke. m?re saddening to know that the great difficult the mInistry of ChnstIalllty crowd's only object is to wash in the to them. Unable to read, under- river and offer food and money to nourished, and in constant struggle their idols. Hundreds or more abso- for a mere living, they are hardly able lutely naked sodhus in all their dirt t() give serious and spiritual consider- and unkempt condition lead the spir- ation to the message of the GospeL itual life of many of the people of Bowed down by superstition, driven India. One sadku stood on his head by fear the religion they have known for hours to obtain merit-he was the has not prepared them quickly to ac- object of admiration and respect and cept the Gospel of the love of God in honor, watrhed by the largest group Christ Jesus. of low caste people.-Tke Continent.

Airplanes in Siam For Bengal Moslems A N American Presbyte~ian mis~ion­ ACONFERENCE of w 0 r k e r s ary at Lampang, Slam, wrItes: among Moslems in Bengal, held "In February, 1924, Royal Army air- at Bogra, adopterl the following find- planes visited Lampang, and spent ings : "The conference urges that .some days maneuvering in mid-air. pastors endeavor to cultivate in their The missionaries at the station were congregations a keen sense of broth- invited to fly and a few days later a erhood and unity in the church, re- stranger came into the city, :vh? stat_ed gardless of the previous racial, social that he had noted that the miSSIOnarIeS or religious distinctions of conve~ts, were not afraid to trust themselves in and also impress on them the necessity the air, so they must have great faith of offering inquirers a hospitable re- in their God. Every member now ception. present in the station first entered the country by river boat, when the time "The conference urges the need of consumed in the journey was sixty to streng reinforcements in view of the one hundred days from Bangkok to following facts: Lampang. The time now required by express train equipped with dining Bengal is one of the three most densely and sleeping cars with electric lights populated Moslem areas in the world. and fans is-less than twenty-two hours_ We also have daily mail and public TmB total number of Moslems in Bengal equals the combined popUlations of Arabia, Persia and Egypt.

The Moslems of Bengal are more acces- sible and responsive man those of the aforementioned countries.

The encouraging results of the past de- iJ?-g opium, Indian hemp, cigars and mand far greater efforts and larger forces CIgarettes, and betel-nut chewing." on this field. CHINA The rapidly changing conditions of the Moh,,;mmedan world and the steadily in- How Mau.y People lD China1 ereasrug de.mand for the lJducation of both sexes constitute both an opportunity and a MOST readers cannot visualize the challenge to the Christian Church."

meaning of the ~gures 400,000,000 Wilson Memorial in Siam peopl~ as repr~sentmg the population FOR more than a year Dr. Francis of Chm~. Chtna's Millions suggests a B. Sayre, formerly a member of new baSIS of computation, as follows : the JIa.rvard faculty, has been acting , 'If you were asked whether there as adVIser on foreign affairs to the were more people in China than indi- Government of Siam. Mrs. Sayre is vhoidwuawloaullpdhyaobuetrelpeltyteTrsPirnobtahbelyBsiobmle~ the Wfo. rCm.erA.JeesxseiceutWivoeoadnrodwdaWugilhstoen~ would say: 'Oh! there must be more Y. ~lehettreers~rien the Bible.' aOsnmthaenycohneatrtahrey~ of the late President. Dr. and Mrs. eighty times Say~e have been so impressed by the m Chma as there are individual letters quah~y of the educational work being in our English Bible. Do we realize ~one.m the Bangkok Christian College it? Eighty souls for whom Christ I~ Slam that they have given 2,500 die~ going out int.o eternal night in heals (abolt $900) for the erection of Chma for every smgle letter in the a~~ed quarters, stipulating that the Book which has brought light and life gIft be known as in memory of Mrs. to us. Think of this as you read your Sayre's father. – Christian Century. daily portion."

BSiamese 'Christians at Work Religion in ChiDese Schools .ANGKOK, SIAM, has quarterly conferences for Christian work- DE~PITE chaotic political condiers. The subject of the recent one was tIOns, the annual National Edu- "Revivals. " Only two foreigners were on the program. so that the Sia- cational Conference of China was mese had almost complete controL held at Kaifeng, capital of Honan The conditions governing revivals Province, late in November. "Delewere uncovered and the churches have gates. were present from eighteen been quickened to new life. Many provmces, among them many of the ga.ve themselves anew, pledging a cer- most prominent educators in the tam amount of their time in the work country. Four resolutions and eleven of the street chapels and gospel bands. recommendations concerning mission- "Yfe are planning also," writes Rev. ary education in China were unani- Paul .A. Eakin, Presbyterian mission- mously adopted. Close government ary in Bangkok, "for 'Rally Days' in re~u~atio~ of all schools operated by the Sunday-schools, Christian En- mISSIOnarIes was demanded, and it dell;vor Societies and Temperance was recommended that all teaching of Urnons. It is interesting how the in- religion in missionary schools be stopfluence of this Temperance Union is ped. " growing. Formerly all the newspapers were hot against it, both foreign and AThe Gospel in Tea House" ~iam~se. But recently one of the lead- S a part of his regular evangelistic mg SIamese newspapers has printed a work, Dr. W. E. Macklin, of the strong editorial urging the Govern- Discip~es' Mission, visits a large tea ment and people of Siam. to follow house In the hear! of Nanking, China, the example of the United States and on Sunday morrnngs, each Sunday a establish prohibition. The Union in- different tea house, and distributes cludes with intoxicating drinks, smok- tracts with Bible pictures and verses, and others on the evils of opium smok-

1925J NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

ing. On each visit he is accompanied The stone was laid by a Chinese Chrisby some of the boys of the language tian elder, the head of a large bank, school to help fold the tracts. A table and carved deeply into the granite, on the aisle near the entrance is se- in the handwriting of a Christian lected, a breakfast is ordered and be- general, are these words: ' ,Jesus tween bites and sips the tracts are Christ Himself being the chief cornerfolded and distributed to the incoming stone." and outgoing patrons. Almost without exception, the tracts are gracious- Helping Ricksha Coolies ly accepted, read and carried home. J:<'requently someone sits down to ask T HE Shanghai Ricksha Mission questions and discuss problems with takes as its field the half a million the missionary. men who pull rickshas in Shanghai every year. Some remain for but a A Band of Chinese Mystics few weeks, others stay permanently. Some are drawn into the service of I N Peking there is a group of Chris- organized vice of various sorts, but tian young men, originally six in most of them are honest laborers for number, now increased to eight, which daily bread. Living is precarious and is trying to be true to the spiritual the Ricksha Mission has distributed genius of the Chinese people. Every during the year 91,450 meals, 12,000 Thursday morning these eight go to Christmas food parcels, 1,880 gara quiet park 'or a temple in the hills, ments and 2,240 sandals and straw and after deciding what problem is hats, and provided sleeping quarters the most pressing in their own lives for 15,750. It is estimated that the or in the life of their country, they 7,200 meetings held have reached separate, each to be alone for an hour, 409,000 persons. Two Bible-women two hours, to meditate, to think it all are at work in the coolies' homes; an over with God. Then they come to- indnstrial department provides poor gether, share their experiences, dis- women with work, making garments cuss the problem, have lunch together, for free distribution; three teachers and go .back to the city with new in- train the children in day schools; and sight and greater courage. Rowland the Gospel is preached to these work- Cross, who writes in the Missionary ers, their wives and their children. Herald of this group, tells something The Shanghai Mission has reached out of the life story of each one, and then to aid similar work in Hankow; and concludes: "vVith one or two excep- other centers of rickshi1 traft:i.c, Petions the members of the group have king, Tientsin, Nanking, etc., are come from the schools of Peking. In rendering praiseworthy assistance to that city they found Christ. They are these public servants – the ricksha now leaders in the Christian enter- pullers. prise in China. Here one catches a glimpse of the romance of evangelistic "Give China Time" work for students." DR. DAVID Z. YUI, National Y. M. New Church in Tsinanfu C. A. Secretary for China, who was at the I¥ashington Foreign Mis- THIRTY years ago missionaries had sions Conference as one of China's to go about in covered sedan chairs representatives, is an intluential man in Tsinanfu to avoid attacks. Now in political as well as religious circles the new independent Chinese Church in his country. He has no doubt about is erecting a modern building, with the final outcome and success of the schoolrooms, clubrooms, and an audi- people's government in the civil war torium for 1,600 people. This church in China, and the passing ineidents is erected with funds from Chinese inevitable in the period of change and sources alone, and is on ground given readjm;tment through which China is by the municipal authorities, tax free! going. The people of China in the 5

past have had very little to do with soon, and a two-weeks' evangelistic the government, leaving it all to the campaign which followed the opening scheming leaders. In the future, Dr. of a chapel building resulted in more Yui says, they are going to have much than seventy-five probationers. Since to do with it, and under true leader- then that number has been increased ship China will develop her power and to more than one hundred.

find her rightful place among the na- tions. JAPAN.KOREA Remedies for Exclusion Act T T Books for Chinese Children HE Federal Council of the HE Christian magazine for the Churches of Christ in America children of China, called Happy heard at its quadrennial meeting in Childhood, and edited by Mrs. Donald December two interesting presenta.- MacGillivary of the Canadian Pres- tions of the disastrous results of the byterian Mission in Shanghai, had a Japanese Exclusion Act, and possible eirculation of 7,000 copies a month in remedies. Rev. A. K. Reischauer, of 1924, and a special Christmas edition 'l'okyo, suggested the appointment of of 12,000. Besides this a series of a High Commission representing both Happy Childhood children's books nations, which should work for the has been begun and already several following three ends: interesting volumes have been issued. 1. The mutual exclusion of laborers, and Last year there were printed 3,000 possibly even the withdrawal by the J apa· copies of "The Flag Picture Book" nese Government of some of her citizens containing Bible stories, animal stories and children's songs. now in Aluerira. 2. Putting Japan on the quota basis after a certain date-possibly requiring a higher standard for immigrants from Japan than New Mission in Harbin for certain European immigrants b-ecause racial difference may make them less as' REV.•JOHN C. HAEK, formerly of the mission of the M. E. similable. 3. Giving all Japanese in America aJJ.d Church, South, at Changchowfu, those admitted on the quota basis the right Kiangsu Province, writes of the open- of naturalization and equal treatment with ing of a new mission for the Chinese others. in Harbin, Manchuria. He was accompanied by two Chinese evangelists. Hon. Cyrus E. Woods, former U. He says: ,. Our first duty was to S. Ambassador to Japan, addressed a letter to the Council, in which he make a study of the city and its peo- urged that Japan be placed on the ple with special relation to the Chi- quota basis and appealed for a pracnese and the work that is being done tical Christian way out of what he for them by the missions already in described as "an international disthe city. In doing this we were given aster of the first magnitude."

much assistance by both foreigners and Chinese. After some days of Memorial Day in the Yoshiwara V study and investigation a conference ARIOUS reports have come to this country of the way in which the was held, and in consultation with representatives from the Danish and Japanese observed September first, Baptist Missions, it was decided that the anniversary of the great earth- we should open our first work in that quake. Mission schools held memorial part of the city known as Priestan. exercises, Tokyo had a solemn moment During the time we spent in making of silence at noon, and there were im- the survey and study of the city we pressive ceremonies in several places.

found a number of Methodists and The Japan Times announced before- others who had become Christians in' hand, in a fashion which reminds us other parts of China but who had not how much Japan needs missionary connected themselves with any church effort still, the closing for the day of .here." Thirty of these joined them the Yoshiwara, the public prostitute

1925J NEWS FRO:W MANY LANDS

section of Tokyo, in which it is stated Tithers in Their Poverty that there are 2,500 licensed girls and 500 geisha. It said: "The committee ONLY about one third of the conof the' houses' has for some time been gregation of a little chapel under discussing plans to observe the memo- the catoe of the 'Nest Gate Church at rial day. It has just come to a de- Pyengyang, Chosen, COUld. get into the cision to set up a ritual platform by building at one time. EIther a new the pond in Yoshiwara park in which church had to be built at once or the 600 caged women and many others present one enlarged. As all the peolost their lives, being surrounded by ple were very poor, the very poorest fire and boiled to death on that fatal in the whole country, it was impossible September 1st last year. On the plat- to raise money among them for either form will be raised an altar on which a new church or to repair the old one, will be the name tablets of the victims yet something had to be done at once and before it Buddhist priests will if the people were not to be scattered chant their holy scriptures. In mem- and lost to the church. In addition ory of the sad occasion, the whole to this. the money sent by friends for quarter will suspend business for the the flood sufferers, which had been day." used to pay a worker's salary, in order to keep him through the winter after Earnest Pye~gyang Christians his home was washed away, was all used up, and he had either to be told REV. S. A. MOFFETT, D.D., who to leave or the money found to pay had been in Korea under the his salary. So the problem was put Presbyterian Board for thirty-five up to the church officers, and they years, ,,'as asked very recently to take were told that if they would give five charge of a church in Pyengyang with dollars a month, the missionaries a regular attendance of from 1,200 to would give the other five, for his 1,500 which had been in special diffi- salary. By an every-member canvass, culties. This was no small addition to they raised their part, those poor peoan already busy schedule, but seventy ple who do not get enough food to live new members were received after the on, but who promised to tithe their new order of things had been in- little incomes for the work of the augurated. A small branch chapel Kingdom. founded by the Day Laborers' Missionary Society has grown from sixty ISLANDS OF THE SEA to three hundred, largely through the evangelistic efforts of college and Fifty Years in New Britain academy students. The big city church has raised $2,500 toward pay- THE Methodist Church of Australing its debt. The people themselves asia is celebrating this year the refused to let the meeting break up, fiftieth anniversary of the beginning and kept praying and giving for of its work on New Britain, one of the hours; the debt of $3,500 was reduced Fiji Islands. In April, 1875, Rev. to $500, a quite manageable sum, On George Brow'll, D.D., who had already Dr. Moffett's birthday, invitations spent fourteen yeat;s in missionary ~work in Samoa, went to Fiji to get were issued in the names of the first men and women to go with him to New Britain as helpers. A great many seven believers in the city, and there Fijians volunteered. The people of was a great and happy gathering in New Britain were cannibals and fierce the seminary and church to listen to fighters, and day by day the mission,- the reminiseences of these men. The aries were often in danger; but the changes that have taken place in the tea.chers were very patient. One of last thirty years seem almost incred- them, a Fijian called Mijieli, had his ible, even to those who have lived food stolen out of his garden just as through them. it ripened, and Dr. Brown suggested

shifting Mijieli to another place, but NORTH AMERICA the teacher quietly said, "They will be better in time, and it is well to be Religion in the New Congress patient with them, for their minds are still dark." By his patience he THE religious affiliations of the conquered them. There are today members of Congress elected in nearly 9,000 members of the Church November last have been investigated in New Britain, and about 40,000 by the Board of Temperance, Proworshipers at the Sunday services. hibition and Public Morals of the Methodist Episcopal Church. The United Church of Manila figures given below show that more than ninety per cent of the members ONE of the strongest demands of of the new Congress are adherents of the Protestant Filipino people, some religious body. according to Rev. Frank Laubach, American Board missionary in Ma- House Senate nila, is for the elimination of denominationallines, which, he says, are Methodist ……………. 90 27 "wholly meaningless to them. A Presbyterian …………. group of very able Filipino men and Episcopal ……………. 63 11 women have taken the initiative in the Baptist ……………… organization of the United Church of Congregational ……….. 57 22 Manila which leaves out all denomina- Christian Disciple …….. tional questions, and is endeavoring Lntheran ……………. 48 5 to bring about a union of all denomi- Quaker………………. nations throughout the Philippine 32 6 Islands. At the same time the Pres- United Brethren ………. byterians, United Brethren and Con- Reformed ……………. 21 1 gregationalists are laying the founda- Mennonite …………… tions for an island-wide church union. Mormon …………….. 17 2 The United Brethren missionaries and Universalist ………….. myself sent to America an appeal for Unitarian ……………. 31 this proposed United Church. They Christian Scientist …….. asked their Board to give a property R·oman Catholic ………. 2 0 worth about 60,000 pesetos, and I re- Hebrew……………… quested from our Board that 10,000 Protestant …………… 3 0 pesetos of the money raised for Union None……………….. Seminary be contributed to the Vacancies ……………. 1 0 lJnited Church, so that we might have Unknown…………….. a fund with which to help erect an 1 2 adequate building. On the strength of these two requests, the United 2 0 Church began, and I am gJad to report that it is in a flourishing condi- 4 2 tion-just at present making a splendid campajgn throughout that section 1 0 of Manila for membership, and preparing to make a large financial cam- 32 4 paign. I feel that this is destined to be one of the most significant steps 8 0 ever taken by Protestant Missions in the Philippines." 7 0 35 10 1 01 7 3 Total ……………. 435 96 America's Giving in 1924 I Na report on ~'lmerican benevo- lences for 1924 the Boston Tran- script says that a total of $2,500,000,- 000 was given to philanthropic causes, not including appropriations by state legislatures or city councils, or gifts to religion. Gifts to education, relief, medical research and care, and similar causes are said to come in by far the largest percentage from persons who are members of churches or syna- gogues. Examinations of lists of givers to special causes is reported usually to show from 70 to 80 per cent names of persons with ecclesiastical connections. Community chests are said to be multiplying rapidly, both in number and in size. During J..924 there was a manifest tendency to broaden the purposes to which such

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

funds could be devoted. Community iug best in numbers and proportionate houses are going up in great numbers. amounts."-The Chr'istian Century. The Y. M. and Y. W. C. A. put $32,- 000,000 into such buildings last year; Methodist Budget $18,000,000 • the K. of C., $6,500,000. A total of $125,000,000 is included under this T HE World Service Commission of head. "One thing altogether new the Methodist Church ha.<> ap- came into the giving of money in proved a benevolent budget for the America in 1924," says the Tran- current year of $18,641,413, approxi- script. "It was the condition that mately the budget adopted a year ago. beneficiaries of gifts must themselves The church failed by about forty per cent to reach the budget figures of give, or at least render some form of last year. Foreign and home mission personal service. At present the boards have approved askings of $6,- nearly $2,500,000,000 of American 800,000 each, and the Board of Edu- benevolence comes from less than ten cation, which now includes the work per cent of the people, and that per formerly done by four boards, is given a budget of $3,120,000. The benevo- cent by no means confined to the rich. As a rule the middle classes are do- Stewardship Statisties, 1924 THIS statement contains the answers to questions submitted to the officials of the Communions below. The amount received for benevolences is "the amount received from living givers for current official budgets of the permanent Boards and Agencies recognized by the National Body." "Total Gifts for All Purposes" includes not only contributions for local church expenses and from living givers for budget benevolences, but it also includes contributions from all other sources.

Total Gifts Total Gifts Per Capita Gifts fO'1" for l'otal Gifts fOT Budget CO'l',:qr'egational for Denomination All Purposes Berle1JOIences Expenses All PurpOS'BS 1 United Presbyterian $36.92 $2,522,991,00 $3,322,379.00 $6,099,433.00 13,964,416.00 2 Presbyterian U. S. (S.) " 31.82 4,000,023.00 8,099,188.00 3 Moravian, North 22.05 145,134,00 239,936.00 385,070,.00 4,498,665.00 4 Reformed in America 3L55 959,826,00 3,236,632.00 56,958,003.00 32,689,120.00 5 Presbyterian U. 8. A. (N.) 3L88 10,-427,337.00 40,017,454.00 9,012,047.00 9,624,382. (){) 6 Baptist, North ………. 23.88 7,89(),028 .00 23,853,262,00 1,306,920.00 96,514,193.00 7 Presbyterian in Canada " 24,04 2,J 51,449.00 6,628,500.00 37,458,928.00 8 ~lethodist in Canada ….. 23.24 2,196,970.00 7,283,504,00 13,856,842.00 6,268,638.00 9 Christian ……………. 14,08 483,638,00 823,282.00 15,061,481.00 10 Methodist Episcopal t …. 24.78 18,959,694.00 74,306,888.00 1,640,220,00 2,538,598,00 11 Protestant Episcopal 32.38 5,462,268.00 30,561,218.00' 6,315,993.00 25,282,859.00 12 Lutheran Synodical Conf.· 17.36 3,666,193.00 10,190,649.00 15,117,078,00 6,290,580.00 13 Evangelical Church* 29.89 853,975,00 4,593,584. 00 34,533,132.00 16,598,753.0.0 14 Lutheran, Except 1.2, 19' 16.22 3,671,584.00 11,389,897.00 2,496,836.00 1,193,750.00 38,765,079,00 15 Church of Brethren …… 14.39 446,750.00 16 Baptist in Canada ……. 18.40 537,467.00 2,00J,130.00 17 United Brethren ……… 17.08 1,384,649.00 4,931,344,00 18 Congregational '0' ..••••• 29.36 3,177,075.00 18,2&1,691.00 19 United Lutheran' 1R.02 3,093,764.00 12,023,314.00 20 Reformed, United States " 18.38 1,192,202,00 4,326,528.00 21 Baptist, South ………. 9.88 9,487,314.00 25,045,818.00 22 Disciples of Christ …… 11.87 3,701,068.00 12,897,685.00 23 Methodist Protestant …. 13,38 368,566,00 2,128,270.00 24 Methodist Episcopal (S.) " 16.05 3,389,207.00 …………

——- 24 Communions …… $20.68 $90,1'69,172,00 t$307,355,903. 00 $453,277,2,66,00 • Pigures for the United States and Canada. t Not including Methodist Episcopal, South.

Compiled for the United Stewardship Council, HARRY S. MYERS, Secretary, 276 Fifth Avenue, New York City.

lent headquarters of the denomination States suitable religious reading in are being rapidly concentrated in Chi- their own language. It is the intencago, the only exceptions now being tion of the Society to publish and imthe Board of Foreign Missions, with port Italian books, tracts, pamphlets offices in New York, the Board of and hymnals to counteract the athe- Home Missions and Church Extension istie and bolshevistic literature which with offices in Philadelphia, and the is now being distributed so widely Board of Temperance and Public among the Italians of this conntry. Morals, with offices in Vashington. It is interesting to note that Rev. JUl'. 'resta owes his conversion and Borne Missions Defined later dedication to the work of the ministry to a tract published by the AN interdenominational committee American Tract Society and given to studying the responsibility of the him while carrying water for a group Church in America has recently de- of Italian laborers in Plainfield, New fined Home Missions as follows: "The Jersey. purpose of Home Missions in general is to give' the gospel of Christ in all Stearns Missionary Fund its fullness and the service of Christ in all its implications' to those areas T HE D. M. Stearns ~1issionary and those people who would not other- Fund, Inc., is a channel to conwise have. such ministry. Its chief tinue the work begun by the Rev. D. significance as distinguished from lVI. Stearns of Germantown, Pa., and other forms of Christian work in the in his memory, through which funds Homeland is that it deals primarily may be sent, in full without deducwith the 'margins' of our national tion, to the mission or missionary, all life. 'The last man,' geographically, expenses being met by gifts for that socially, economically, is its chief at- purpose. The total amount contribtentive concern. Without Home Mis- uted in 1924 wa;s $70,755.32, and this sions thc Church could maintain it- was sent to fifty-four different counself wherever the resources and the tries. religious interest are sufficient for the independent maintenance of re- Y. M. C. A. Religious Work Data ligious organizations, but only there. Vithout Home Missions, then, re- T HE Year Book of the Young ligious extension would be limited Men's Christian Association in the largely by consideration of economic United States and Canada contains well-being and of prior religious apti- many interesting figures which tell a tude." story of great significance to him who can read between the lines, and in- Tract Society Centenary terpret the figures in terms of life. In 1,446 Associations reporting some T HE American Tract Society 'will religious work, there are 15,299 per- celebrate the 100th anniversary of sons serving on department commitits founding next May. Plans are tees, thus holding a great body of laynow being made to make this an out- men; 89 religious work secretaries standing event. In the past 100 years and assistants; 1,737 employed Bible the Society has distributed tracts in class teachers, and 4,286 volunteer 178 languages, dialects and char- teachers, another body of interested acters, and nearly a million leaflets, laymen trained in service and pervolumes and periodicals. One of the sonal work with men. The income recent developments of its work is the from contributions, etc., was $143,- establishment of a special Italian de- 309; the expenditures for salaries, partment. of which Rev. Stefano L. office, speakers, etc., was $563,213. Testa will be in charge, to supply for There were 9,581 Bible classes, 7,486 the 1,600,000 Italians in the United of them for boys, where the instruc-

NEWS FRO~I MAXY LAXDS

tion is most needed and fruitful since and help their Indian friends and to none is given in the schools. In these interpret to them the things of the classes there were 232,943 different Christian way of life. It would be students, and 149,674 of them were hard to discover a finer piece of inter- boys. This included 136 in the In- racial cooperation. This is only one dian field, where the Association aids aspect of a broad religious program the home mission forces. 'fhe aggre- which is carried out among th" 676 gate attendance was 3,047,700. Protestant Indians at Haskell out of the total enrollment there of 1,000_ Sonth Supports Negro Schools Tuesday evening is given over to a A STATEMEN'1' recently issued by thoroughly graded school of week-day the John F. Slater l"und gives religious instruction in which the figures that indicate an increasing churches of Lawrence cooperate by public support of county training supplying 26 teachers. On Sunday schools, a distinctive type of training afternoon a regular preaching service institution for Negro teachers in the is maintained and on Sunday evening South. In 1914 there were eight of the regular young people's organizathese schools, with 41 teachers and tions have their meetings. The work 184 students in tile high school grades. at Haskell is under the charge of a Public funds for salaries amounted to Religious Work Director employed by $10,696, and funds administered the Joint Indian Committee of the through the Slater Board amounted Home Missions Council and the Counto $8,189. Ten years later, in 1924, cil of Women for Home Missions. there were 204 schools with 1,297 :B'ive other Religious Work Directors teachers and 6,189 pupils in high' reaching seven other schools are emschool grades. Contributions made ployed.

through the Slater Board for teachers' Presbyterians in Canada Union salaries amounted to $69,300, and publie appropriations had increased I N the reports which the REVIEW has from $10,696 to $594,268. During given from time to time of the the past four years North Carolina has moyement among Methodists, Congre- appropriated from public founds $2,- gationalists and Presbyterians to 200,000 for higher institutions of form "the TJnited Church of Canlearniug for its Negro population. ada, " reference has been made to the opposition to the plan shown by some 'rhi" amount has been devoted to four churches in the last-named denominanormal ~ehools and the Agricultural tion. Figures announced January and Technical College for buildings, 14th by the Church Union bureau of improvements and maintenance. A part was used for secondary educa- information at Toronto show that of tion, since all th ese schools still main- the Presbyterian congregations which had voted on the questions more than tain high school departments. 83 per cent had decided to enter the Government Indian Schools union. Of the 743 congregations vot- A T Ilawrence, Kansas, is a Sunday- ing, 617 deelarpd for union, and of ~ school with a registration of 676 the 617, 396 were unanimous in their Ameri.i,an Indians, students in Has- vote. Congregations voting against kell Inltitute, the government Indian the union numbered 126. '1'he largest school. They represent sixty-five dif- number of churches deciding to enter ferent tribes scattered over the entire the eontinuing Presbyterian Church country. Of the thirty-five classes rather than go with the denomination twenty-five are taught by students of into the union, were from the province Kansas University which is also lo- of Ontario, where 195 voted for union cated at IJawrence. Each Sunday and 90 against it. In Saskatchewan, morning these young people from the on the other hand, 276 were for union university come over to work with and only 9 against. The total COill-

municant membership of city churches the Assistant Secretary of the Y. W. declaring for the union was an- C. A. is a graduate of both the Uni- nounced to be 44,877; that of the city versity of Chile and of the University churches against union, 19,827. It of Pennsylvania. The recent reports has been stated from another source of both of these leaders were to the that 90 per cent of the Presbyterian effect that their comrades were ministers have gone into the United hungry for spiritual truth. They are Church. In several 'roronto congre- ready to listen to the Bible, especially gations whoRe vote was in favor of to the teachings of ,resus which, in the the United Church, anangements final test, they prefer to the rapid have been made, by members who are mysticism of theosophy which has opposed to the union, either to hold such a vogue among their class. separate Sunday services of their own at once or to prepare to do so after Telegraph Line and the Gospel June 10th, when the church union is to become effective. ONE of the workers in Brazil of the Inland South American Mis- LATIN AMERICA sionary Union reports interesting co- operation on the part of government Good Qualities of Indians officials. "A telegraph line cuts across the country, and under the line, the WHILE admitting that among the Brazilian Government keeps an open Indians of South America there road. The line was constructed for are still sonie cannibal tribes, a rep- military purposes, at great expense. resentative of the Evangelical Union It is entirely unremunerative and its of South America writes of the upkeep is very costly, but it provides neglected Red Man in "the neglected an open road for the Gospel into the continent": "In the lowlands of the very heart of the continent. .!Tany of southern republics he still lives along the high officials are Positivists, antithe rivers and in the forests, with his clerical and anxious for the preservabow and arrow, his club and lance, tion and uplift of the Indians. To his paddle and his canoe. He believes the utmost of their power they have in the Great Spirit of whom he lives protected the tribes of the region from in constant dread and fear. He is abuse. The employees of the line are pagan, uncivilized and outlawed, yet strictly forbidden to visit the Indian noble in character and of an affec- villages and any suspicion of immoral tionate nature. He will never forget dealings with the Indians brings ina wrong, but ever remembers a kind- stant dismissal. The officials of the ness; he will not forgive an enemy, line work hand in hand with the Brabut will die for a friend. As a rule zilian Society for the Protection of he care~ for and respects a faithful the Indians, and they share its symwife, and as a parent the Indian is pathetic attitude toward us. We were passionately fond of his children. A invited to hold services at several of kindness to his child will win his the telegraph stations, and found a heart and gain his friendship." wonderful openness to the GospeL"

Christian Chilean Students THE Young Men's and Young EUROPE Women '8 Christian Associations of Santiago, Chile, are actively at C, M. S. Deficit Feared • work, seeking to uphold New Testament ideals and promote Bible study THE financial outlook of the Church among groups which the missionaries Missionary Society was referred probably would never reach through to in the November REVIEW. A later ordinary channels. The chairman of report states the the General Commitreligious work in the Y. M. C. A. is tee of the Church Missionary Society, a senior in the Teachers' College, and at their meeting in December last, pledged themselves corporately and individually to regular prayer for the

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

deepening of spiritual life and for an Spain out of 21,000,000; and 1,000,- income adequate to the needs of the 000 in France out of its 40,000,000 Society lor the year ending March population. The Sunday-school en- 31st. They also called upon all C. M. rollment is usually about half of the Association Committees and individ- total Protestant constituency, so that ual supporters of the Society to join the enrollment in Sunday-schools and them in thus waiting upon God for in parochial or other church schools His solution of the present problem. might be given as 3,500 in Portugal, The sum needed to cover the year's 6,000 in Spain and 200,000 in France.

work to March 31st was £520,000. Of In Portugal there seems to exist, more this sum, £168,000 had been received than in the other countries, a sense up to the end of 1924. and a bond of unity between the workers of different sections and of Protestants in S. E. Europe different church affiliations. In these PRINCIPAL D. S. CAIRNS, D.D., countries, as in all Europe, the Sun- of Aberdeen, wrote after a visit to day-school is largely a children's Hungary and Czecho·Slovakia: "No school; still in Portugal the leaders man can tell what is brewing in the are particularly alive to the fact that witches' cauldron of southeastern most schools lose nearly all their Europe. Left to themselves, I do not pupils at the beginning of adolescence SUPpOSE' these war-worn populatious and so fail for the most part to make would fight again for a' generation. permanent contribution to the de- But with the sinister power of Soviet velopment of Christian character.

Russia in the background, one can- not tell what may happen… The Jews Baptized in Poland C true hope for the future lies with theONDITIONS in Poland today are unprecedented. As a result of little Reformed churches of these troubled lands. There seems to me no the Great War, Poland has regained outlook if either of these extremes of her freedom and has been given large atheistic revolution or Roman reaction accessions of territory in which dwell is to prevail. Each feeds the other, several millions of Jews, and in that and in these two extremes there is no part of the country in which the Lon- outlook for Eastern Europe. But it don Jews' Society has worked for over is otherwise with the Reformed one hundred years with remarkable Churches. '1'he Reformed faith has success, tl18 .Jews today are beginning always shown a remarkable power of to show an extraordinary hunger for producing statesmen, and it wields an things spiritual. The following in- infiuenc'e in this direction still in these stances are said to be typical: "At lands entirely out of proportion to its Sieradz it was possible, by permission numbers." of the Chief of Police, to hold a large European Sunday-Schools open-air meeting', which was attended by hundreds of Jews. At Zduns- P0.R'l'1JGAL and France both en- kaw()la the use was obtained of a joy religious liberty, so that evan- church holding 1,200 people. This gelical work in these countries can was completely filled with an audience develop without governmental inter- of Jews and .Jewesses, who listened ference. In Spain the work is "toler- attentively to expositions of the Mes- ated" but suffers from the pronouneed sianic prophecies given by the mis- Roman Catholic attitude of the peo- sionaries. At 'Warsaw, Rev. H. C.

ple, as well as from certain imposed Carpenter, the head of the mission, restrictions. The evangelical forces and himself a Hebrew Christian, is in all these countries are only a small holding practically a continuous bap- proportion of the population, perhaps tismal class, and recently the Bishop 6,000 adherents in Portugal out of a of North and Central Europe con- popnlation of 4,000,000; 10,000 in firmed twenty-four Hebrew Chri8-

tians of different ranks, one of whom ing capacity is so limited. In the was a rabbi, who had definitely de- primary room there are more than cided for Christ and been baptized." eighty little tots sandwiched in. We are compelled to say to other appli- Miracle Working in Italy ?ants, ' You ,cannot come in. There IS not room. A VOICE .PROM ITALY gives the following acconnt of an evidence "We should not be surprised that of fanatical superstition in modern these hundreds of boys and girls are Italy: "A notice was affixed to the crowding into our Sabbath-school and walls of the principal churches in into our village evangelistic services Rome, calling on the faithful to gather for many Kortcha parents have in in force on the afternoon of Sunday, their earlier veal'S attended our Sun- June Sth, in order to take part in a day-school. tntil these formal Greeksolemn procession which would move Orthodox Christians fully awaken to from the Basilica or S. John Lateran the spiritual needs of their youth and to the Church of the Gesu (the J es- until their Church provides religious uits' church) in Corso Vittorio instruction for them, our opportunity Emanuele. The object of the proces- is tremendous. We might say, as in sion was 'the translation of the Cllrist's time, that the people 'have wonder-working arm of S. Francis nothing to eat' and we do not wish to Xavier' from the one place to the send them away hungry. other. This said arm had been journeying to Malta, where it went " Our own -equipment is very meagre to combat the nefarious work of one and the laborers are very few. But or two earnest men, who try to cir- we pray that, under our Lord's blessculate the Scriptures and read the ing, our limited copies of the New same with those who visit them Testament and few Gospel hymnprivately. Letters received from booles may be used by Him to reach Malta testify to the frenzy of fanati- this multituoe. As no mission board cism roused by the said arm, which is now working in Albania, those who passed through streets crowded with are prompted to help this work may 'worshippm's,' where flowers rained send subscriptions to 'The Albanian from windows hung with costly Mission J<lund, , care of Guaranty tlraperies. " Trust Co. of New York, 140 Broad- way, New York City, New York"

Work in Albania A LBANIA was declared a republic Russian Student Conference on .January 2t1st, but as yet no Evangelical mission board has estab- T HE second all-European Conferlished work in this important and ence of the Ru~sian Student Chrisneedy neld. A lone Protestant mis- tian Mo'ement in Vestern Europe sionary conple, Rev. and Mrs. Phineas was held at Prerov, Czecho-Slovakia, B. Kennedy, vvho went out from September 8-14. Fifty-six persons America about twenty years ago, are took part this year, including eleven carrying on an independent work in " foreigners" — Bulgarians, Ameri- Kortcha, supported by voluntary con- cans and Swiss. A writer in The Intributions. ];fl'. Kennedy writes: tcrcollegian sars: "We were con- scious that we were participants in a "Albania's last census gives a total genuine spiritual movement, that population of SfJO,OOO, of whom 169,- there were serious problems before us 000 are Greek-Orthodox Christian and to be solved, that we must face each 118,000 Roman Catholic Christian. frankly and squarely, and work out The remaining 382,000 are Moham- solutions 1I0t merely acceptable to the medan. majority of the circles but which would appear to us in the line of "Our Sabbath·school is crowded God's purpose for the entire movewith two hundred or more pupils, ment." most of whom stand because the seat-

1925J NEVI'S FR01f 11:ANY LANDS

AFRICA Prime Minister's palace, specially An A£riean Educator adapted and furnished for Associa- DR. J. K. AGGREY, of the Phelps- tion use, houses Central "Y." It Stokes Commission, visited Mu- stands in a garden containing two kono. where the divinity college acres of ground, centrally located, of thl) Church :lIissionary Society· and was the gift of American Y. 11. for the Uganda Protectorate is C. A. 'so Standing committees of located. The principal, Canon E. members carryon the monthly activi- S. Daniell, writes of this visit as fol- ties, with nine trained secretaries relows: "Dr. Aggrey is an ~tfrican lilted to these committees as technical gentleman, truly consecrated to the advisers and executives. The outservice of God and of his own people. ~tanding feature of this first year has He is not ashamed of his people, but been the amount of voluntary service he is burning with desire to lift them given by members.

to where they should be. I shall never forget with what indigna.tion Medicine Man a Convert he recounted the question put to him REV. GEORGE SCHWAB, misby a 'Vest African official: 'But, Dr. sionary at the Sakbayeme station Aggrey, Mohammedanism is really in West Africa, reports great satisthe best religion for your people, is faction in a catechumen now being it not'?' With a flash in his eye, but trained at that station for church in all good temper, he replied: 'What! membership-an elderly man who has Is the African such an inferior being long been the most feared medicine that the best is not for him? Are we man and diviner in the whole neighso created that we cannot rise to the borhood. About two years ago the highest? 'What does Mohammedanism local chief of the neighborhood died, offer us that we had not before? It and it was the common belief of the offers us four wives. Had we not people that this diviner had killed four wives in our heathen state? him by following him stealthily Where does Mohammedanism raise through the forest and thrusting his spear into the chief '8 shadow when us?' "

the chief was not watching. Of Cairo Y. M. C. A. course, such a man, while perhaps in CAIRO is the latest capital city to no sense responsible for the chief's open a national Young Men's death, was regarded with great terror Christian Association. The first by the natives. And Mr. Schwab did members of Central Branch joined not know that the man had deserted January 5, 1923. In twelve months his il.lcantations until, very much as- more than 700 men had become mem- tonished, he recognized him in a class bers. '['he Erst year of such an or- of inquirers about to be passed to the ganization is largely one of plans and second stage of catechism. He then hopes. Nevertheless, there are accom- learned that one of the natiye work- plishments which call for gratitude ers, who is now in the school for pas- to God and justify larger hopes for tors at McI,ean Memorial station, the future. In its mpmbership are Lolodol'f, had had the courage to ap- men of every community – Moslems, proach this seemingly hopeless devo- Jews: and Christians, but its Egyptian tee of the native religion and had character is insured by requiring succeeded in winning him to Christ.

eighty per cent of the members to be The diviner is now said to be showing Moslems. To eliminate causes for as deep earnestness in perfecting disunion, no controversy is allowed himself in understanding of the on religious or political questions; Christian faith as he ever showed in mutual respect is expected for differ- the practice of his heathen rites.- ences of faith and party. A former The Continent.

New College for Gold Coast tuguese East Africa by slow methods of infiltration. Indian traders, large- THE college which is being started ly Moslem, have opened small stores at Achimota, near Accra, on the all along the coast region. These Gold Coast, and which is being fi- Indian traders, inured to the subnanced by the Government, is a prac- tropical climate, quickly establish tical demonstration of the interest in themselves where no Europeans find African education expressed by the it possible to live. Frequently com- British Colonial Government. The ing as young unmarried men, they staff is chiefly composed of men who marry one or more natives, and, tohave been or would have become mis- gether with the children which come sionaries. Rev. A. G. Fraser, former- rapidly, quite a Moslem community ly of Trinity College, Kandy, Ceylon, results. Mosques are to be found in is the Principal, and his colleague is the leading towns of southeast Africa, Dr.•J. E. K. Aggrey, the distinguished and the Indian population forms a African referred to in the January very important element….. Very lit- REVIEW. He is well known for his tle Christian missionary work is being work on both of the African Educa- conducted among the Moslems of the tion Commissions as well as for his east coast of Africa." reputation for cooperation and his power of interpreting the ideas of Slavery in Portuguese Africa one race to the other. He was for twenty years in America and taught REPORTS of slavery in certain at Livingstone College, Salisbury, parts of Africa have been re- North Carolina, and he has taken his ferred to from time to time in the Ph.D. from Columbia University. He REVIEW, In East Africa, under Poris well ~mown in America, Europe, tuguese rule, slave holding has been and Afl'lca, and has the peculiar gift made technically illegal, but through of gaining the confidence of Govern- cunning devices of many kinds forced ment, natives, and missions by his labor under most oppressive condiunquenchable goodwill. "Achimota," tions is still maintained. In the provsays the paper published by· Hamp- ince of Mozambique the following ton Institute, "is an experiment labor regulations among others have which is just beginning, and all sec- been adopted: tions and individuals interested in Negro education, not only in West Natives who do not perform their labor Africa, but over the whole continent yoluntarily may be inyited to work for the ?f Africa and in America are expect- compl.my or iuclividuals, and in the ease of mg great things from it." refusal or resi;tance may be condemned to correctional labor under the surveillance of Islam in East Africa the police, during which they will be lodged and fed and will receive a wage in kind REV. ERNEST W. RIGGS writes corresponding to one third of that paid to of "the interesting side-lights" otlwr laborers. Employ81's may requisition 011 the advance of Mohammedanism the labors of natives condemned to correcwhich he secured during a recent visit honal labor under police surveillance from to the east coast of Africa: tbe company In the same manner.

"In Zanzibar I learned from Arch- In Angola in 'Vest Africa every deacon Hallett that the spread of able-bodied native is required to give Mohammedanism is still continuing. not less than !)O days every year to I happened to be there upon a Mo- some form of indu~trial establishment, hammedan feast day and certainly and if the native does not volunteer the evidences of devotion to the faith for this service he is pro facto conwere abundant throughout the to~ demned to ] 80 days' labor. "These," and the native village. Mohammed- comments The Presbyterian Survey, anism is permeating Natal and Por- "are rather high prices for these helpless people to pay for the bless- ings of Portuguese rule."

NEWS FRO]{ MANY LANDS

THE NEAR EAST familiar with our Scriptures, con- stantly in view. It is a 'Life of Expulsion of the Patriarch Christ' and the first of its kind in Arabic, written quite fully, and is a THE controversy over the status of book of 700 pages. This has only just the Ecumenical Patriarch, who been published, and I ask the prayers had been warned before his election of the friends of missions that it may that he belonged to the category of accomplish the object for which it was exchangeable Greeks, but who claimed written." exemption on the ground that at Lausanne the Turks had agreed to with- Modern Moslem Persecution draw their claim for the removal of the Patriarchate, was abruptly cut THE RT. REV. J. H. LINTON, short by the expulsion of Mgr. Con- who has the episcopal oversight of stantine VI. from Constantinople. On the work of the Church Missionary instructions received at midnight by Society in Persia, tells of a Persian telegram from Angora, the Constan- Christian who said: "I would be willtinople police notified the Patriarch ing to be put to death for my faith. in the early morning that he had to Indeed, I would rejoice to be counted leave the city, and there and then worthy of martyrdom. That would conveyed him to the Passport Office never make me hold back. But that in Stamboul. Two hours later Mgr. is not the way of Islam today. And Constantine A,raboglou left by train what I do find hard is the loss of old for Salonika. friends and relatives who now cut me in the street. And what I should fear Books for Mosle:ms more than death would be to be ex- pelled from my home and my town, to AVETERAN missionary to Syria, see my wife and children driven to Rev. George A. Ford, D.D., writes destitution, and myself an outcast in the Presbyterian Magazine of the from society." fruitful work of his later years: "It has lately been my privilege to pub- Persian Evangelists lish an irenic tract for Moslems entitled, 'The Light of the World, ' which AWELCOME feature of the work has been well received by many Mos- of the Church Missionary Society lem readers. I have also published a in Persia is the great increase in the work called, 'The Combined Gospels.' zeal of the converts to evangelize their With this class of readers especially own people. Voluntary evangelistic in mind, one can understand the bands are formed, and Bishop Linton measure of confusion such readers feel says that it is a great privilege to go in the" effort to get a clear picture of out preaching with one or other of the Gospel story, by reading the four these bands, and that it is a joy to be independent Gospels. This new book present at the report meeting when takes the exact language of Scripture, they all gather to tell what God has weaving the quadruple story into one, wrought. 'rhere is now hardly a vilwith due attention to the historical lage within a considerable radius of sequence and avoiding all repetition the mission stations where some are without omitting any phrase or term not found who have been to the C. M. of meaning or significant word, even, S. hospital at Isfahan, or in some that is furnished by anyone of the other way have heard the Gospel. Evangelists. Over 20,000 copies of the Scriptures, gospels, etc., were sold in Persia last "My latest work is also much the year. largest and it has been prepared with the needs of Moslem readers, un-

MISSIONARY

Samuel Reynolds House, of Siam, Pioneer was often in danger afnroemlepphlaangtueos~ Me die a I Missionary, 1847·1876. By and epidemics. Once George Haws Feltus. Dlus. 256 pp. which he was riding, in sudden anger $2.00. New York. 1924. drove his tusks into the Doctor's ab: "The man with the gentle heart," domen, so that he was obliged in the as he was regarded in Siam, was one of the pioneers of modern medicine wilderness to sew up the gaping in the little known "Kingdom of the Free." When Dr. Harris arrived wound and was carried in great sufthere in 1847, his predecessor was in America and the young doctor began fering to the Laos station to which he his career which called for a "specialist in a score of diseases and was journeying to care for one of operations. " " A Sudden Plunge Into Work," the first chapter, still the missionary ladies. Dr. House was leaves space for an account of the doctor's early years, when his father eminently an educator and he helped conducted a Sunday.school for col· ored children first in a carpenter shop to start a missionary school for and later transferred to the gallery of the church. The father also built Siamese young women which now at his own expense a "session house" for Sunday·school and prayer meet- bears the name of his wife. When ings, while the mother was not only a prominent member of the "Female the reviewer, a few years ago, visited Cent Society" giving each a cent a week to "poor and pious young men it, this school had among its students pursuing their studies in the theological seminary at Princeton," but who daughters of some forty governors. also dedicated young Samuel to foreign missions from his infancy. The 'l'he part in the work taken by Mrs. medical education of Samuel House was preceded by courses at Dart- House is so important that it is given large space in the biography, as is the life of Siam's greatest native leader thus far, the Rev. Boon Itt, who was brought to America and after full education returned to Siam to pioneer native Christian leadership. The careers of these three important per- sons are sketched in a way that re- veals the value of the adjuvant forces of the Gospel in a land which has always been more open to indirect Christian influences than to the Gos- H. ~. B. pel of Jesus Christ.

mouth and Union Colleges, and a valuable technical course at Rens- Chamberlain's 1apanese Grammar. Revised se1aer Polytechnic Institute at Troy. by Major J. G. McIlroy. pp. VIII, 144.

As a John the Baptist of Western Price, $2.00; postpaid, $2.10. Chicago.

science and medicine in Siam Dr. August, 1924.

House could present facts in a wholly As a rule, learning to read a for- comprehensible way, with experi. eign language is less difficult than ments that amazed the people. He learning to speak it. This is, however, won the affectionate reg a r d of not the case with Japanese. Though three Kings of Siam, and interested most foreigners residing in Japan in science the higher Buddhist priest- sooner or later pick up enough of the hood, one of whom later became King. language to make themselves under- Thus he had an entree into the hiooh- stood in ordinary conversation, very est circles, where he was ever true'"to few ever learn to read Japanese. This his Christian principles, and main- is due in a large measure to the fact tained a spotless character. His life that there is quite a difference be- 334 tween the spoken and written dialects. to gathering in systematic outline the The difference is partially in the vo- teaching of many books concerning cabulary but chiefly in the verb and the nature and the acquisition of true adjective inflections. And to add to wisdom. The entire work is outlined the difficulty, there aTe several dis- as follows; ~inct style~ in the written language Book I. The God of All: The God Who Itself. It IS true that there is now a is in All. strong tendency to make the spoken Book II. The Discovery and the Conand written language more and more al~ke ; and possibly some day they quest of the Divine in Oneself. Book III. The Union of All in the One in All.

~11I be as nearly identical as they are The author has expended a large III modern English. It is still neces- amount of labor in bringing together the thought of the most diverse types sary, however, as Major McIlroy of thinkers in an effort to show that points out in his introductory chap- after aU it is oue thought. The result ter, to master four rather distinct is interesting and informing as a book styles of the written language if one of reference. but it is not convincing would feel at home with the printed as the author is ready to grant that page. These are the semi-classical India and its faiths are destined to sty~e, the semi-colloquial style, the lead humanity. Chmese style, and the epistolary style. Those of us who believe the Chris- tian Scriptures to set forth God's For many years Western students unique revelation to man may be led have used Chamberlain's Simplified by t.hi~ compilat~on to a higher ap- Japanese Grammar but this book has preCIatIOn of the Illcomparable superinow been out of print for some time. ority of the Divine revelation which has come to us in Christ. Major lfcIlroy, who is an expert in the language and as such is attached This book of "Wisdom" is an ilto the Military Intelligence Division lustration of the difficulties which en- compass the man or woman who is of the General Staff of the United trying" to think iudepend€ntly. We States Army, has, therefore, rendered look in vain for the light from the ~ real ~er'ice in revising and amplify- vague statements as to sin, God and mg thIS grammar and making it once soul which :flll the pages of such writmore available. Even those who pos- ers as Firdausi, Hitopadesha, Vivesess the older book will find that this kananda and Hamakrishna. revised edition contains very valuable additions and improvements. Per- J. c. R. E. ~aps the most important of these is III connection with his treatment of t~e verb which is notoriously the most Habeeb, a Boy of Palestine. Mary Entdifficult part of the language. His wlstle. 12mo. 92 pp. 28. London. 1924. general rule by which it becomes an easy matter to separate the written Here is a well illustrated, readable verb into its stem and its inflelltions story of the IJand of the Book and the will be of real value. On the basis of people of modern Palestine. It will this rule the author gives a list of help boys and girls to understand the verb an~ adjective inflections filling Bible better and to visualize the about thirty pages. This list makes earthly life of Jesus.

the volume practically a grammatical Wilfred Grenfell, The Master Mariner Basil Mathews. 12 mo. 178 pp. Map dilltionary which ought to prove of great service to the student of the and Illustrations. $1.50. New York. 1924.

language. A. K. R. Few modern missionaries have en- The Eternal Wisdom. Paul Richard. 134 joyed a life as full of adventure and pp. Madras. 1922. practical service as Doctor Grenfell This remarkable little book is the of Newfoundland and the Labrador.

first of several volumes to be devoted The life story of this master mission-

ary navigator is told for young people little book. Dr. Park::; is a gifted by a master narrator. Boys especially writer who knows how to use English will enjoy it, and will be stimulated with graceful effects. He is an out and to heroic service by the example of the out modernist and his five chapters missionary physician, mariner, magis- on The Origin and Spirit of Mod- trate and trader. ernism, The Supernatural and Mirac- ulous, Two Supreme Miracles, (i. e., Informing Your l'ublic. Irving Squire and the Resurrection and the Virgin Kirtland A. Wilson. 12 mo. $1.50. 1924. Birth) Intellectual Integrity, and The Educating the public is a difficult Purpo~e of the Modernist, are the retask but it is essential if their interest, sympathy and cooperation are to be sult of requests for a short book to enlisted. This book tells how right explain the present controversy from publicity methods lay the foundations a Modernist standpoint. for training cheerful givers to welfare and religioU's enterprises. The essen- According to Dr. Parks' definition Modernism is a "state of mind, " with a reverent attempt to bring out of the tial point is to present important, con- churches' treasury things new and vincing facts that awaken a desire to old. The book is too brief to be really help. satisfactory, for the author leaves the Souls, Sounds and Scenes of an Egyptian reader wondering sometimes why he Village. Arthur Y. Steele. Illus. 12000. draws his conclusions from the 18, 2d. L·oudon. 1924. meagre evidence which he produces. For example, he reasons against the The Oriental is given to parables, and a missionary in the Near East bodily resurrection of our Lord, behere uses scenes in the lives of the cause the references to the body of Egyptian potter, fisherman, carpenter Jesus are few, and are confined to and merchant to illustrate spiritual statements about his hands, feet and truth. They are interesting word pic- side. Also in dealing with the probtures and carry practical lessons. lem of the Virgin Birth, the author decides against it on the ground that Never Man So Spake. Howard B. Grose. it is unlikely, since neither Peter, nor Paul, mentions it specifically. This 267 pp. $1.75. New York. 1924.

Reality is demanded by our age argument from silence is at best of and Dr. Grose attempts to meet this demand. He seeks to picture .Jesus doubtful validity. as a reality-a living teacher, and asks the readers to go to school again, The chapter on Intellectual Integto learn from His own lips the lessons of spiritual birth and growth. rity is a clever but unsatisfactory plea The ground covered is much the for covering the unwillingness of the same as that treated in Glover's "Jesus in the Experience of Men," modernist to state his beliefs with or by Dickey in "The Constructive Revolution of Jesus." definiteness on the ground that great The contents are divided into two ideas like Truth, Goodness, God, canstudies of The Teacher and His School not be defined. He claims that neither the modernist nor the· traditionalist is to be trusted, because they do not mean what they say! The book will leave many wondering what they are to believe. J. F. R.

and The Teaching of Jesus Concern- The China Mission Year Book. Twelfth . ing God, Himself, The Holy Spirit, Issue. Edited by Frank Rawlinson.

Character, Sin, Salvation, Prayer, 12mo. 548 pp. Shanghai and New York. and The Life Hereafter. J. F. R. 1924.

This year book is rich in liP-to-date What Is Modernism! Leighton Parks. information. After a review of China 154 pages. $1.00. New York. 1924. Today, a section by various authors Some will rejoi<le, while others will is devoted to Christianity and the Re- lament, over the publication of this ligions of China; others deal with